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DOCUMENTARY HISTORY

OF THE

STATE OF NEW-YORK;

ARRANGED UNDER DIRECTION OF THE

Hon. CHRISTOPHER MORGAN,

, ' Seeretary of State.

BY E. B. O'CALLAGHAN, M. D.

VOL. IV.

RNSEY MEMORIA, LIR {XT y ALBANY: CHARLES VAN BENTHUYSEN, PUBLIC PRINTER. : 1851

a dle TT . AK yom Parent

J ago" micah : 5 pod ail oe

4 i aie Vainw ricer

CONTENTS

I. JOURNAL OF NEW NETHERLAND, 1641--1646, ce sececseesceveeeees II. DESCRIPTION OF NEW NETHERLAND; By Rey. Isaac Jogues, S. J., NG 4d rasta clelais alin pfeselas ie jphess Piribss egdiet se cla xs ivesolsbs tele laIet eR ET=\e\scsiajei eisiacaceis//are.$ WI. INFORMATION FOR TAKING UP LAND IN NEW NETHERLAND; By Secretary Van Tienhoven, 1650, ...-e+ccceceecccsccves SBieniesteiseisie ciole vis Mode of clearing and cultivating the wild land, 30; of the building of houses at first, 31; of the necessary cattle and their prices, 32; necessary supplies for the farmer, 33; conditions on which land was at first granted, 35. IV. JOURNAL OF THE SECOND ESOPUS WAR; By Capt. Kregier, 1688, .: V. BREEDEN RAEDT; Extracts from the, 1649, ..+..ssseveseccecccceceres VI. DESCRIPTION OF NEW NETHERLAND; From Montanus, 1671, siciereioisipte Discovery of New Netherland, 115; Rivers, ib.; Trees and Vines, 116; Fruits and Mines, 117; Animals, 118; Birds, 122; Fishes, 123; Rattlesnakes, ib.; Native tribes, 124; Their clothing and houses, 125; their manners and customs, 126; their language, money and nature, 128; Weapons, laws, councils, 129; Religion and belief, 130; Colonization of the country, 131. First Emigrants to New Netherland from Baudartius, .-....+++++++ VII. TRIAL FOR WITCHCRAFT, In New-York, 1665, ........ 60500600 nie VIII. ASSESSMENT ROLLS OF THE FIVE DUTCH TOWNS ON L.

DESCRIPTION OF NEW NETHERLAND; From Montanus, 1671, siciereioisipte Discovery of New Netherland, 115; Rivers, ib.; Trees and Vines, 116; Fruits and Mines, 117; Animals, 118; Birds, 122; Fishes, 123; Rattlesnakes, ib.; Native tribes, 124; Their clothing and houses, 125; their manners and customs, 126; their language, money and nature, 128; Weapons, laws, councils, 129; Religion and belief, 130; Colonization of the country, 131. First Emigrants to New Netherland from Baudartius, .-....+++++++ VII. TRIAL FOR WITCHCRAFT, In New-York, 1665, ........ 60500600 nie VIII. ASSESSMENT ROLLS OF THE FIVE DUTCH TOWNS ON L. I., 1675, Of Bushwick, 141; of Breukelen, 144; of Flatbush, 150; of Flatlands, 155; of N. Utrecht, 158. . IX. STATE OF THE PROVINCE OF NEW-YORK, IN 1788,.....-...- Gacan:

J13

Queries relating to His Majesty's Prov. of N.-Y., 165; Cadwallader .

ES Colden's Observations on the Soil, Climate, Water Communications, &o., of New-York, 169; Lt. Gov. Clark's answer to the queries of the Board of Trade, 180; Return showing the commerce of the Port of New-York in 1738, 182; Population returns of each county in the Province, 184; Names of the heads of families in Flatbush, 188; in Flatlands, 191; in Brooklyn, 195; in Bushwyck, 198; in Suffolk county, 200; Names of the officers and privates in the several companies of Militia in the Province, 203; Indians of New-York and Canada, 240.

X. REASONS IN SUPPORT OF TRIENNIAL ELECTIONS IN THE PROV- _ INCE OF NEW-YORK, ......... sisre'ets¥s die sisie tb eed' AbitiooonobL satel eye ae

s

Iv CONTENTS.

Clark's answer to the queries of the Board of Trade, 180; Return showing the commerce of the Port of New-York in 1738, 182; Population returns of each county in the Province, 184; Names of the heads of families in Flatbush, 188; in Flatlands, 191; in Brooklyn, 195; in Bushwyck, 198; in Suffolk county, 200; Names of the officers and privates in the several companies of Militia in the Province, 203; Indians of New-York and Canada, 240.

X. REASONS IN SUPPORT OF TRIENNIAL ELECTIONS IN THE PROV- _ INCE OF NEW-YORK, ......... sisre'ets¥s die sisie tb eed' AbitiooonobL satel eye ae

s

Iv CONTENTS.

PAGE XI. JOURNAL OF SIR WM. JOHNSON'S SCOUTS, 1755, 1756, ..---+.-+++- 257 XII. PAPERS RELATING TO THE SIX NATIONS,....-.-ccceeereeeeeceees 289 A list of early Missionaries among the Iroquois, .....+++-+++eeeeeees = 292

756. Jan. 18. Rey. J. C Hartwick to Sir Wm. Johnson; with a project for better peopling and governing America,....... Blcrateseteiete piers 294 15. Address of Rey. J. C. Hartwick to the Mohawks, ........-- 298

Proposed Address of the Seven Nations to the ae in favor of

Rev. J. C. Hart wack ywoe oc ne + vor aces mista taieiniere aie nists eraierate 29

May 14. Rey. Mr. Ogilvie of Altay', to Sir Wm. Johnson; necessity of forts among the Indians; Washington surrounded; Pa- TLOOMIS MARU SD ULE bistaws cas) occlelg ein sie viere stnioneve aivieicjela cis epee 301 1761. March 1. Sir Wm. Johnson to Rey. Jean B. Robault, enclosing him ten pounds and requesting him to use his influence with the

J. C. Hart wack ywoe oc ne + vor aces mista taieiniere aie nists eraierate 29

May 14. Rey. Mr. Ogilvie of Altay', to Sir Wm. Johnson; necessity of forts among the Indians; Washington surrounded; Pa- TLOOMIS MARU SD ULE bistaws cas) occlelg ein sie viere stnioneve aivieicjela cis epee 301 1761. March 1. Sir Wm. Johnson to Rey. Jean B. Robault, enclosing him ten pounds and requesting him to use his influence with the

Abenakes of his, flock, <.0cceccsscccccccrccecescccccces 303 27. Rey. Mr. Brown to Sir Wm. Johnson, apologizing for not being able to go to Fort Hunter,...........seeeeeceene ve 304

Noy. 17. Sir Wm. Johnson to Rev. Dr. Wheelock; Kirtland learning

the Indian language; Joseph Brant's beaten commenced, 305 1762. Feb. 8. Rev. Mr. Oel to Sir Wm. Johnson, camnot consent to the Bostoniers introducing their Presbyterian church among the

Ln iE popes onontiognon op} Saba caTeeCaocceaeaneee 807 March 7. Gen. Amherst to Col. Bradstreet; first Presbyterian church in DAAATEY 5 Goer cla oe telerainta ai etainic'e Paic's.0 e.c'e'd/ae Wc)c\eieie.ole\aieie ¢ neers. O09

13. Sir Wm. Johnson to Rey. Mr. Barclay; respecting Mr. Bennet, _ ib. April 5. Rey. David Zeisberger to Mr. Peters relative to his journey to

WY sy Orman fo ee ae orice am eesteininin oancini fare ctalvisteln cfatcice cc's « erasers 310 10. Edw. Johnson, teacher at Tuscarora, to Sir Wm. Johnson, with a report of his progress among the Indians,......-... ib.

Isaac, a Tuscarora Indian, and his wife, to Sir Wm. Johnson, 312 Aug. 20. Rev. Dr. Wheelock to Sir Wm. Johnson relative to moving his Indian school from Lebanon,.....-.- SiceldueieietstetnicieteYee steels Sole Sept. 8. The same to the same; obtains a portion of Sir Peter Warren's legacy; the Boston Society desires to set up English schools among the Indians; Dr. W. wishes to remove to the Mo-

Johnson, with a report of his progress among the Indians,......-... ib.

Isaac, a Tuscarora Indian, and his wife, to Sir Wm. Johnson, 312 Aug. 20. Rev. Dr. Wheelock to Sir Wm. Johnson relative to moving his Indian school from Lebanon,.....-.- SiceldueieietstetnicieteYee steels Sole Sept. 8. The same to the same; obtains a portion of Sir Peter Warren's legacy; the Boston Society desires to set up English schools among the Indians; Dr. W. wishes to remove to the Mo-

AWK COUNUITYS «10 10:0:¢ cio sve ba vie slew e series e's pre lcleiatelalereie coce 314 Rey. Dr. Pomroy to Sir Wm. Johnson in favor of Dr. Wheelock's school, (enclosing) ,..+-secesecess coccsescess eoes 316

-July 10. Letter from the clergy of divers churches in New England, recommending Dr. Wheelock's school to the patronage of

HHS PUbliCs . vac wosie Meisiecieoe siancaiees cic vieutsl's ccesessiiss OT Oct. 16. Sir Wm. Johnson to Dr. Pomroy, i in fayor of Dr. Wheelock's" Qualifications, ......cccseccccececsecce weecer ees secseee 320 The same to Dr. Wheelock; is opposed to local schools among the Indians, ........ Se@hAcess petelehetelerefars Selceechioiscistics AD. The same to Rey. Dr. Barclay, respecting a new Indian : PILRVEN=DOOKS ian wc nietele vine clos nieiae PRG ORE ARES E EON sates Ook

1763. Jan. 20. Dr. Wheelock to Sir Wm. Johnson; some account of Mr. C. Jeffery Smith, and the Lebanon school; Brant. (with,) 322

18. C. Jeffery Smith to Sir W. Johnson; proposes visiting the Mohawk country asa missionary; much attached to Brant, 325

> : aN

Se@hAcess petelehetelerefars Selceechioiscistics AD. The same to Rey. Dr. Barclay, respecting a new Indian : PILRVEN=DOOKS ian wc nietele vine clos nieiae PRG ORE ARES E EON sates Ook

1763. Jan. 20. Dr. Wheelock to Sir Wm. Johnson; some account of Mr. C. Jeffery Smith, and the Lebanon school; Brant. (with,) 322

18. C. Jeffery Smith to Sir W. Johnson; proposes visiting the Mohawk country asa missionary; much attached to Brant, 325

> : aN

CONTENTS.

763.. April 2. Mr. Weyman, printer, to Dr. Barclay, concerning the Indian prayer-book,...,- Welsie le Gee vole |elaie wie Peete eee eee eee eeeeee

2. Dr. Wheelock to Gen'l Amberst; asks for four townships on

the west side of the Susquehannah for his school,.........

29. Sir Wm. Johnson to Dr. Barclay about the Indian prayer-hook,

May 16. Dr. Wheelock to Sir Wm. Johnson about Mr. Smith and Brant,

23. Gen'l Amherst to Dr. Wheelock, advises him to apply to the

KING G A Mies ci eitiale salar able dareelote eR tele stelald se BEN 6 AOU Rs olsen «

Aug. 8. Dr. Barelay te Rev. §. Johnson; the Boston commissioners, offer; Mr. Bennet catechist to the Mohawks; Palmer;

PUNGELSONS +0: '0%e'ere 'e'e"etotat erates eele SIO ANUERES siporiviga/elnvers/e ss 0:0.

Oct. 20. Mr. Weyman to Dr. Barclay about the Indian prayer-book,.. Dec. 29. Rev. Mr. Lappius to Sir Wm. Johnson; requiring aid,......

{No date.] Rev. Mr. Robaud to the same; hopes the English will retain WANA Ces Tete cetera sats ae jars ahaa ereaoye 3st tec siereters oe an 6

Barelay te Rev. §. Johnson; the Boston commissioners, offer; Mr. Bennet catechist to the Mohawks; Palmer;

PUNGELSONS +0: '0%e'ere 'e'e"etotat erates eele SIO ANUERES siporiviga/elnvers/e ss 0:0.

Oct. 20. Mr. Weyman to Dr. Barclay about the Indian prayer-book,.. Dec. 29. Rev. Mr. Lappius to Sir Wm. Johnson; requiring aid,......

{No date.] Rev. Mr. Robaud to the same; hopes the English will retain WANA Ces Tete cetera sats ae jars ahaa ereaoye 3st tec siereters oe an 6

1764, Mar. 22. The schoolmaster at Canajohary to Sir Wm. Johnson; the Indians will not allow the children to be chastised,........

Sept. 17. Mr. Weyman to Sir Wm.. Johnson; Indian prayer-book; death

Ste Die Pane NV aiars:sTaleta elelatsiee evra slew laisic ete: dielpleeleleieip +s. eieiele

Oct. 24. Dr. Wheelock to thesame; Kirtland; Woolley, ...-.--....-

Noy. 27. Mr. Weyman to the samé; the Indian prayer-hook, ........ Dec. 10.. Circular of the N. Y. Soc. for promotion of the arts,......... 1765. Jan. '4. Sir Wm. Johnson's answer to the foregoing circular, ........ [No date.] Rev. Mr. Brown to Sir Wm. Johnson; proposes visiting the Mohawk' castle,............6.. Biainereiers slain: els ossialteialersisis 0

Feb. 27. Sir Wm. Johnson to the Society for promoting the arts;\ subscribes and gives an account of the state of Agriculture in the

MIGHEWK COUNTY, osccescccrecertvcccrs veces cccescocess

Mar. 23. Dr. Wheelock to Sir Wm. Johnson thanking him for his favor to Kirtland; reports the progress of his SCMOOM ns wiglel aie) clereie ere

April 29. Dr. Wheelock's address to the sachems of the Six Nations,... The same to Sir Wm. Johnson, giving an account of proposed

Sir Wm. Johnson to the Society for promoting the arts;\ subscribes and gives an account of the state of Agriculture in the

MIGHEWK COUNTY, osccescccrecertvcccrs veces cccescocess

Mar. 23. Dr. Wheelock to Sir Wm. Johnson thanking him for his favor to Kirtland; reports the progress of his SCMOOM ns wiglel aie) clereie ere

April 29. Dr. Wheelock's address to the sachems of the Six Nations,... The same to Sir Wm. Johnson, giving an account of proposed

new Missions among the Indians,.......-eeseeseeseseees

June 17. Rev. S. Kirtland to Sir Wm. Johnson; giving his experience

at Canadesage,.......-. Bie aretivone orate tureiarsseecerersions sofas oievarn.s

Oct. 21. Dr. Wheelock to the same; with the thanks of the Connecti-

CUP DORIA OL NETSCIONSS cieress'e/o' sieie ts v0.0 6 cie'e oes 010:b.0s16 ares

Noy. 7. Sir Wm. Johnson to Rey. Thos. Barton; consents to become a member of the Society for Prop. the Gospel,.....-.+eeeeee

Dee. 20. Churchwardens of Schenectady to Sir Wm. Johnson inviting

him to be a trustee,.......- sddoauibe se dAaewntes Melestssicre

1766. Feb. 18. Rev. S. Kirtland to the same; with an account of affairs at "Canadesage, ......seee seers th ies 2a meereroleceiotaintals ptsrete

Mar. 25. Mr. Weyman to the same; Rey. Mr. Ogilvie will superintend

the Indian prayer-book,..++++eseeeseeeeeeeeececseccecee

May. V. Dow, Mayor of Albany, to Dr. Wheelock in favor of his efforts for christianizing GNO* MOS «ws <1 .s ore me ralarsa0 6

» , July 4. Dr. Wheelock to Sir Wm. Johnson introducing other Mis- BIONATIES, AOL, seve ececccecicceees 5. HEIOOE eekeatecoleTere Ce

Kirtland to the same; with an account of affairs at "Canadesage, ......seee seers th ies 2a meereroleceiotaintals ptsrete

Mar. 25. Mr. Weyman to the same; Rey. Mr. Ogilvie will superintend

the Indian prayer-book,..++++eseeeseeeeeeeeececseccecee

May. V. Dow, Mayor of Albany, to Dr. Wheelock in favor of his efforts for christianizing GNO* MOS «ws <1 .s ore me ralarsa0 6

» , July 4. Dr. Wheelock to Sir Wm. Johnson introducing other Mis- BIONATIES, AOL, seve ececccecicceees 5. HEIOOE eekeatecoleTere Ce

Sept. 13. Rey. Mr. Brown to the same; proposes a visit to the Indians,

=

1765. Oot. 10.

1767. Jan. 30

1768. Jan. 6,

Mar. 21. April 8. May.

Aug. 5.

Nov. 19. - Sir Wm. Johnson to Gen'l Gage; intrigues of the New Eng-

Dee. 6.

1769. Jan. 3.

24.

CONTENTS.

Rey. Mr. Chamberlain to Rev. Mr. Brown, complaining of his re-baptizing children already baptized by the Presby- GETIANSs. © ciciwinss cielo. ¢ cielere\> eppropatorstelsiobohelc a¥e Bisiate o's eles 9 019 02 61s

. Churchwardens of Schenectady to Sir Wm. Johnson,...+----

. Rey. Mr. Chamberlain to Sir Wm. Johnson explanatory of

his motives for complaining of Mr. Brown's proceeding,...- - Rey. Mr. Brown to the same; church at Great Barrington, ..

. Rey. Mr. Hanna to the same; is about to practice law at

Schenectady,..c+.-esssecerecressseeccesvsceres shcceves Mr. Arbo, secretary to the Moravians, to the same, praying his protection, ....+++++- soneaoans' Jiais giewitisssce eeeeersceses

. Rey. Dr. Burton, Sec. of Society for Propagating the Gospel,

to the same; enquiring what would be the proper allowance for a missionary among the Indians,......6.e++seeeeseseee Corporation of Albany to Dr. Wheelock, encouraging him to remove his school to the vicinity of their city, ....... 3 veld Dr. Wheelock to the corporation of Albany; is invited to establish his school elsewhere, «.++++e.+-e> aleteisietsisieht sicteie : Rey.

Arbo, secretary to the Moravians, to the same, praying his protection, ....+++++- soneaoans' Jiais giewitisssce eeeeersceses

. Rey. Dr. Burton, Sec. of Society for Propagating the Gospel,

to the same; enquiring what would be the proper allowance for a missionary among the Indians,......6.e++seeeeseseee Corporation of Albany to Dr. Wheelock, encouraging him to remove his school to the vicinity of their city, ....... 3 veld Dr. Wheelock to the corporation of Albany; is invited to establish his school elsewhere, «.++++e.+-e> aleteisietsisieht sicteie : Rey. Mr. Barton to Sir Wm. Johnson; state of affairs on the Pennsylvania frontier, ..... So douw pac deg SAM «leaesalsi« Seoe Mr. J. W. Brown to the same; inviting Rev. Mr. Murray to the church at Schenectady; Presbyterians anxious for Mr.

Hugh Gaine to the same; giving an account of the state of the Indian prayer-book,.....+++++e+. $19 18 afafo e's ¥ ois'e sialetelesettiose,« Sir Wm. Johnson to Hugh Gaine; on the same subject,.....-

. Hugh Gaine to Sir Wm. Johnson; same subject continued,....

Mr. J. W. Brown to the same about the Schenectady church, Memorial of Dr. Wheelock to the commissioners at the treaty of Fort Stanwix,...... REARS IS 53-05 JOO BRDU OTOBUN GOOD Caveat of two New England Missionaries against the treaty at Fort Stanwix, ...-s-+e0s% atathyalay sha aise (eters Siekerayoia varie sree Parson Johnson to Sir Wm. Johnson; isa friend to the Indians,

- The same to the commissioners defining his allegiance,....... - The same to the same; hopes a door will be kept open for the

Brown to the same about the Schenectady church, Memorial of Dr. Wheelock to the commissioners at the treaty of Fort Stanwix,...... REARS IS 53-05 JOO BRDU OTOBUN GOOD Caveat of two New England Missionaries against the treaty at Fort Stanwix, ...-s-+e0s% atathyalay sha aise (eters Siekerayoia varie sree Parson Johnson to Sir Wm. Johnson; isa friend to the Indians,

- The same to the commissioners defining his allegiance,....... - The same to the same; hopes a door will be kept open for the

propagation of the gospel among the Indians,.......... Spee

- Speech intended to be delivered by Parson Johnson to the

Tndiang: abe PortuStamyixs iecieae¥i sin GeiiethleosleineaaShies «0.0 Hugh Gaine to Sir Wm. Johnson; the Indian prayer-book,..

land Missionaries at the treaty of Fort Stanwix, Dr. Shuckburgh to Sir Wm. Johnson; Indian prayer-book,.. Mr. J. W. Brown to the same; progress of the Church at Schenectadyigicron cor te ciniste ois sieisisieitite oils «fee «6 AC S6Ge5 Sir Wm. Johnson to Rey. Dr. Smith; thanks him for the care of his son, and for his election as member of the Philosophi- Cal: Societys vines wmptertiajelere!e afore caiekd Wetsreteh ies? a's ayoie\s\s x; scaysleyo,s Joseph Chew Esq., to Sir Wm. Johnson; Connecticut Assembly applied to for a deed of the Susquehanna lands; dissenting missionaries excluded from the Indian country,........

CONTENTS.

vii

PAGE.

1769. Jan. 25. Sir Wm. Johnson to Rev. Dr. Auchmuty; the election; foot-

1770.

1771.

'ing of the Church of England in the Province, ....++++es008

Feb. 2. Hugh Gaine to Sir W. Johnson; Indian prayer-book completed, 25. Churchwardens of Schenectady to the same; (enclosing,) .

Smith; thanks him for the care of his son, and for his election as member of the Philosophi- Cal: Societys vines wmptertiajelere!e afore caiekd Wetsreteh ies? a's ayoie\s\s x; scaysleyo,s Joseph Chew Esq., to Sir Wm. Johnson; Connecticut Assembly applied to for a deed of the Susquehanna lands; dissenting missionaries excluded from the Indian country,........

CONTENTS.

vii

PAGE.

1769. Jan. 25. Sir Wm. Johnson to Rev. Dr. Auchmuty; the election; foot-

1770.

1771.

'ing of the Church of England in the Province, ....++++es008

Feb. 2. Hugh Gaine to Sir W. Johnson; Indian prayer-book completed, 25. Churchwardens of Schenectady to the same; (enclosing,) .

Jan. 31. Letter from Rev. Mr. Murray, declining the Church at

Schenectady, ....... piale sierra SR ene Min erie BS areecicip ow vials

Mar. 17. Pass to Messrs. Danforth and Willard to observe transit of Veenusyrast, aelasave <tcit tye Us cide «seni Ceioervieeieie/ diss viele co.cc

April 3. John Rand to Rey. Dr. Auchmuty, is willing to accept the BCHOOL Ab: VOLNSES WI, ,<:05051050:810se 010 asd Wels aiese «\0,0:0.839 [05.00.08 premise

12. Rey. Harry Munro to Sir Wm. Johnson; proposes to visit the Tndianssl sane aah scacuvicandsaae cape Evicted sone ateloisie%e

22. Hugh Gaine to the same; Indian prayer-book, ....+++..0++s

30. James Adair to the same; origin of the N. A. Indians,..... -

{No date.] Same to the same; his otk patronized in New-York, ....... May 10. Sir 'Wm. J bfisodd to Mr. Adair, forwarding subscriptions to Hishyr ork OntheslnGians, patel» oleiscele 1d oporvreit'>.«. sais: >ieraisly « Pavers

Harry Munro to Sir Wm. Johnson; proposes to visit the Tndianssl sane aah scacuvicandsaae cape Evicted sone ateloisie%e

22. Hugh Gaine to the same; Indian prayer-book, ....+++..0++s

30. James Adair to the same; origin of the N. A. Indians,..... -

{No date.] Same to the same; his otk patronized in New-York, ....... May 10. Sir 'Wm. J bfisodd to Mr. Adair, forwarding subscriptions to Hishyr ork OntheslnGians, patel» oleiscele 1d oporvreit'>.«. sais: >ieraisly « Pavers

List of scholars at the Free school at Johnstown,........0e0.

Aug. 28. List of scholars at the Mohawk school, Fort Hunter, ,-iejee 000 31. Hugh Gaine to Sir Wm. Johnson; Indian prayer-book,......

Noy. 9. James Adair to the same; regarding his progress in obtaining subscriptions to his work on the Indians,..-....+.++++ BOOS

16. Geo. Croghan to the same; introducing Rey. Mr. Andrews,..

18. Secretary Banyar to the same; on the same subject, ....... °

Dee. 10. Mr. Andrews to the same; proposing that Episcopal clergy be introduced from Ireland into New York, ......+- eferlatessiews

Jan. 28. Same to the same; returns to Ireland,........- Tevave.sheiShe Senciels

May 11. Rey. Dr. Auchmuty to the same; introducing Rev Mr. Forbes, 20. Same to the same; on the principles of a true churchman;

American Episcopate; Convention of the clergy,..... secs 27. Sir Wm. Johnson to Rev. Dr. Auchmuty; in answer,...... 2 Noy. Same to Rey. Mr. Inglis; numbers of the Six Nations of

Indians; Dr. Wheelock's success; Rev. Mr. Stuart; Mr. Hall,

Feb. 28. Same to Dr. Arthur Lee; customs, manners and languages of the* Tndiand sy, «6's Seteilsiele cris oiattrerernis Bemartesinae ateloe wiclevelererars

Auchmuty to the same; introducing Rev Mr. Forbes, 20. Same to the same; on the principles of a true churchman;

American Episcopate; Convention of the clergy,..... secs 27. Sir Wm. Johnson to Rev. Dr. Auchmuty; in answer,...... 2 Noy. Same to Rey. Mr. Inglis; numbers of the Six Nations of

Indians; Dr. Wheelock's success; Rev. Mr. Stuart; Mr. Hall,

Feb. 28. Same to Dr. Arthur Lee; customs, manners and languages of the* Tndiand sy, «6's Seteilsiele cris oiattrerernis Bemartesinae ateloe wiclevelererars

Same to Rev. Mr. Barton; state of religion,.....++..+ aaisiere

Mar. 1. Same to Rev. Messrs. Cooper and Inglis; Rev. Mr. Griffith invited toScheneptadyieisianl. dels» cid» new aldo FS <dwiadosia oie

27. Same to Rev. Charles Inglis; the dissenters not to be disobliged; religious wants of the Indians; Lutheran minister at

Stonearabia desirous to conform,.....- Bisterb arare ciate rele S305 C April 4. Same to Rev. Dr. Auchmuty; Mr. Stuart; Mr. Andrews; the Lutheran minister at Stonearabia,....... weeseecs Bele cee May 4. Same to the same concerning Rev. Mr. Hanna, (enclosing,).. ; Rey. Mr. Hanna's testimonials, ...... Bie eretuisvere?s ; sfeniatessiore June 11. Rev. Dr. Auchmuty to Sir Wm. Johnson; the Lutheran. minister; Mr. Hanna; American Bishop,.:.-++.++++- eNO SbE

25. Rey. Harry Munro to the same; Biant; state of the Ch. at Alb., -

July 4, Sir Wm. Johnson to Rev. Mr. Inglis on his memorial for christianizing the Indians,..+srssereeeee vere eeeneeeeenne

Vili

1771. July 4.

CONTENTS,

PACK Same to Rev. Dr. Se genie on the state of religion; the Lutheran minister, '&0.j. sce. eee sector eres Neupeiatieistere 455

Dr. Auchmuty to Sir Wm. Johnson; the Lutheran. minister; Mr. Hanna; American Bishop,.:.-++.++++- eNO SbE

25. Rey. Harry Munro to the same; Biant; state of the Ch. at Alb., -

July 4, Sir Wm. Johnson to Rev. Mr. Inglis on his memorial for christianizing the Indians,..+srssereeeee vere eeeneeeeenne

Vili

1771. July 4.

CONTENTS,

PACK Same to Rev. Dr. Se genie on the state of religion; the Lutheran minister, '&0.j. sce. eee sector eres Neupeiatieistere 455

Aug. 19, Rev. Mr. Inglis to Sir Win. Johnson; on the memorial &c.,.. 457

Oct. 23. Noy. 5.

18.

1772. Jan. 27. May 18. June 25. July 20.

23;

Oct. 2.

Noy. 12. 1773. Mar. 12.

Aug. 11.

Sept. 17.

Nov. '19.

Dec. 28. 1774. March 8. 21.

April 1. ont:

Vote of thanks from the Commissioners for Propagating the Gospel in New England to Sir Wm. Johnson,....+..+.++0+ 460

. Sir Wm. Johnson to Rev. Mr. Kirtland, requiring of him the

subject of his letter to the Boston commissioners,...-+.+++- ib.

. Same to Rev. Mr. Inglis on the memorial,..........+++.- ow 461 - Rey. Chas. Inglis to Sir Wm. Johnson; onthe same

subject, ..seceewsesdneses Risto cheqeMtyetiwte ois/0 6 0101s 6/6 sis:e cose 462 Sir Wm. Johnson to Rev. Mr. Inglis; on the same subject,.. 465 Rey. Mr. Andrews to Sir Wm. Johnson; grammar school in

Schenectady, ie oie 4 -j-'sisis cisiele #4 ciewioies slovesiv's «4 esielcas cove . 466 Rey. Mr. Inglis to the same; on the memorial, ....+++e+++++ 467 Rey. Mr. Andrews to the same; opens an academy,...+«.+-. 470 Sir Wm. Johnson to Rev. Mr. Andrews; in answer,..+.+.-. » ATL Same to Rev. Chas. Inglis; on the fund for support of ladies

Mr. Inglis; on the same subject,.. 465 Rey. Mr. Andrews to Sir Wm. Johnson; grammar school in

Schenectady, ie oie 4 -j-'sisis cisiele #4 ciewioies slovesiv's «4 esielcas cove . 466 Rey. Mr. Inglis to the same; on the memorial, ....+++e+++++ 467 Rey. Mr. Andrews to the same; opens an academy,...+«.+-. 470 Sir Wm. Johnson to Rev. Mr. Andrews; in answer,..+.+.-. » ATL Same to Rev. Chas. Inglis; on the fund for support of ladies

whose husbands or relatives have served the state, ......+. 472 John Cottgrave to Sir Wm. Johnson; with suggestions for the

improvement of the church and school, ..+++seseeeseeeess 473

Sir Wm. Johnson to Rev. Mr. Andrews; expects a missionary for the churchiat: JohnstOws) «rics sepieeecsesorssrsvccess 475 Rev. Mr. Hanna to Sir Wm. Johnson; receives orders in the Church of England, ....+++.+4+ swiss Reeves Bs Gitte, «cere eyecare CATO Rey. Mr. Andrews to the same; offering to officiate occasionally at Johnstown, «-+.ss++e++ Rag Oe Ct neapesooaabanr eee 480 Sir Wm. Johnson to the Rey. Dr. Burton; about Rey. Mr. Moseley, ..... Ridin Sia wih etdanararbinrs A cistold slospiele «69 Deialeiedrelslatcle - 481 Letters of ordination of Rev. David Jones, os..+++ sense «sss , 482 Rev. Harry Munro to Sir Wm. Johnson; state of the church in Albany, ......s00sedea. At OOM? MOOT oe Riles A Oe Rey. Matthew Graves to the same; Mr. Moseley; Narragansett church, ......... dositee waaifaebecreccsscereccnes 485 Col. Henry Babeock to Rey. Dr. Cooper; on establishing an academy in the Indian country,....... OSes ondsnme secceee 487 'Rev. Mr. Andrews to Sir Wm. Johnson; resigns the Schenectady church to Mr. Doty,....-.-+.. Sor. Vac open' COB HOUo 493 Same to the same; reception in Virginia; wishes to be appointed to J ohster, Bifaretbs de, sreiels 0% Risteselalo: Wie.0.e sicie'e c-e's os 495 Sir Wm. Johnson to Col.

Moseley; Narragansett church, ......... dositee waaifaebecreccsscereccnes 485 Col. Henry Babeock to Rey. Dr. Cooper; on establishing an academy in the Indian country,....... OSes ondsnme secceee 487 'Rev. Mr. Andrews to Sir Wm. Johnson; resigns the Schenectady church to Mr. Doty,....-.-+.. Sor. Vac open' COB HOUo 493 Same to the same; reception in Virginia; wishes to be appointed to J ohster, Bifaretbs de, sreiels 0% Risteselalo: Wie.0.e sicie'e c-e's os 495 Sir Wm. Johnson to Col. Babeoek, with his opinion on the proposed Indian academy,.+.+++eesseseere eres eialarolateiess 497 Col. Babeock to Sir Wm. Johnson ; on the . Indian SEMINATY5 0c idececievceccareid esiseericeveercesrepeceesers 498 Sir Wm. Johnson to Rev. Dr. Hind; state of the church on the Mohawk, ....+++e+. dpigie blanc Migeiside-els\4.0:000'6 5.0.4.0 covees «O00 Churchwardens of Schenectady to Sir Wm. J ohnson, Sipmieciagiie O02 Sir Wm. Johnson to the churchwardens of Schenectady,...... 503 Rev. Mr. Moseley to Sir Wm. Johnson, thanking him for his past kindnesy,. 6s siecviecveveeeevevcersrerceecaces ch BUA

Memoir of the Rev. Dr. Stuart, missionary at Fort Hunter, 505

CONTENTS. ix

PAGH,

XIII. PAPERS RELATING TO THE ERECTION OF FORT STANWIX, TAM OE FOSS slestels| cio civic @eteisiaiviee) 0 stg ced BENS ie toaei sh Sis Suche Ose On Sa ONade 521

XIV. PAPERS RELATING TO THE DIFFICULTIES BETWEEN NEW- POR MA NENA Watd AAUP SIRE syle etree os pe siiod ele cle einealeee « 529

1749. Nov. 17. Gov. Wentworth of N. Hampshire, to Goy. Clinton of New- York, advising him that he is about to make grants west of the Connecticut river, and enquiring how far north and

PAPERS RELATING TO THE ERECTION OF FORT STANWIX, TAM OE FOSS slestels| cio civic @eteisiaiviee) 0 stg ced BENS ie toaei sh Sis Suche Ose On Sa ONade 521

XIV. PAPERS RELATING TO THE DIFFICULTIES BETWEEN NEW- POR MA NENA Watd AAUP SIRE syle etree os pe siiod ele cle einealeee « 529

1749. Nov. 17. Gov. Wentworth of N. Hampshire, to Goy. Clinton of New- York, advising him that he is about to make grants west of the Connecticut river, and enquiring how far north and

east the province of New-York extends, (enclosing,)..... 531 1741. July 3. Extract of Gov. Wentworth's commission setting forth the bounds of New Hampshlre,....-.+++eeee+s 585 Jas Bococud 532

1750. April 25. Gov. Wentworth to Goy. Clinton acknowledging receipt of the minutes of council to the effect that the River Connecticut comprises the east bounds of New-York; has however issued letters patent for the township of Bennington twenty-four miles east of Albany,..........-. BY AC cudaDan oc adddds 538

June 6. Gov. Clinton to Gov. Wentworth; explanatory of the west bounds of Connecticut and Massachusetts ; The land in Bennington has been already granted by New-York; is surprized that he was in such a hurry in passing that Patent, cceescerececeeceseeees WE amaaawwicls a< sb, awe s 5384 June 22. Gov. Wentworth to Goy. Clinton, is not disposed to have any dispute with New-York; proposes a reference of the matter to England, ...... aiake athe siatiara asters hel pie usSelo{nis/alaip apessiete sl ators 535 July 25. Goy. Clinton to Gov. Wentworth; accepts the referenct, proposes to exchange representations with New Hampshire,.... 536 Sept. 2. Gov. Wentworth to Gov. Clinton; accepts the offer to exchange, and promises to communicate a copy of his representation

Wentworth; explanatory of the west bounds of Connecticut and Massachusetts ; The land in Bennington has been already granted by New-York; is surprized that he was in such a hurry in passing that Patent, cceescerececeeceseeees WE amaaawwicls a< sb, awe s 5384 June 22. Gov. Wentworth to Goy. Clinton, is not disposed to have any dispute with New-York; proposes a reference of the matter to England, ...... aiake athe siatiara asters hel pie usSelo{nis/alaip apessiete sl ators 535 July 25. Goy. Clinton to Gov. Wentworth; accepts the referenct, proposes to exchange representations with New Hampshire,.... 536 Sept. 2. Gov. Wentworth to Gov. Clinton; accepts the offer to exchange, and promises to communicate a copy of his representation

WOM IONE CC iyia tore) etereloh elt n;sleisiningsso@ i cieizisieieies<it.ol".0iei<ieieie/e.cieioie'« 537 1751. Oct. Report of the Attorney-General of New-York on the case be- ' tween the latter province and New Hampshire respecting their boundary,.......ssesecccccccncscgeceeve-sececes sy f Oct. 14. Cadwallader Colden's observations on the Attorney-General's : TOPOLb, osecesrecsceecevene pigarniainiele gitlige o's aly Sino Ven ges 546

1752. Aug. 14. Extract from the report of the Attorney and Solicitor-General on the state of the case with respect to certain townships in

New England, .... 0. .0ccse cece sececeqeecsasensccsecses 547 Dec. 22. Secretary of the Board of Trade to the agent for the Province of New-York, (enclosing,) ..--++++++eeeeeee bt tai lace . 548

1751. Mar. 23.-Extract of a letter from Benning Wentworth, governor of New Hampshire, to the board of trade, containing his proposal that the line of New Hampshire run as far west as that Of Massachusetts, ...0% 0 sje es ltiecas erareitesorale mareeatioiarenis «+ ib.

New England, .... 0. .0ccse cece sececeqeecsasensccsecses 547 Dec. 22. Secretary of the Board of Trade to the agent for the Province of New-York, (enclosing,) ..--++++++eeeeeee bt tai lace . 548

1751. Mar. 23.-Extract of a letter from Benning Wentworth, governor of New Hampshire, to the board of trade, containing his proposal that the line of New Hampshire run as far west as that Of Massachusetts, ...0% 0 sje es ltiecas erareitesorale mareeatioiarenis «+ ib.

1753. Nov. 14. Report of the committee of the Provincial Council and the commissioners on the eastern boundary of New-York, in answer to Gov. Wentworth's letter to the board of trade,... 550

1759. Sept. 31. Proclamation of the Lieut. Governor of New-York for forming settlements between Fort Edward and Lake George,....--++ 556

1763. Mar. 15. Affidavit of Alex. McLean to the effect that New Hampshire is laying out lands at Crown Point and on the east of Lake Champlain, ..... sfaighehe (a oxeceys (ayers ie erdtn's SvicpecsceesCuaes 557

1763. Dec. 25.

1764. Jan. 20.

Feb. 8.

Mar. 13.

April 12.

July 20.

Aug.

Bept. 4.

1765. May 22.

Dec. 18.

1766. Jan. 20.

June 6.

July 11.

1767. Feb. 12.

"

\

CONTENTS.

Proclamation of Lieut. Gov. Colden, asserting the Connecticut River to be the east bounds of the Prov. of New-York, Lt. Gov. Colden to the Board of Trade reviewing the dispute betweeen New-York and New Hampshire, and sustaining the claim of the former to the territory in question,.+.-+++ The same to the same ; remonstrating. further against the most surprizing and extravagant encroachments of New Hampshire, which has already granted 160 townships west of the Connecticut River; encloses copy of his proclamation, Counter proclamation of Goy. Wentworth in vindication of the New Hampshire grants,....+.++sseseseoeevnce Reagan : Lt. Gov. Colden to the Board of trade, enclosing copy of Gov.

Colden to the Board of Trade reviewing the dispute betweeen New-York and New Hampshire, and sustaining the claim of the former to the territory in question,.+.-+++ The same to the same ; remonstrating. further against the most surprizing and extravagant encroachments of New Hampshire, which has already granted 160 townships west of the Connecticut River; encloses copy of his proclamation, Counter proclamation of Goy. Wentworth in vindication of the New Hampshire grants,....+.++sseseseoeevnce Reagan : Lt. Gov. Colden to the Board of trade, enclosing copy of Gov. Wentworth's proclamation whose grants are hawking around New Jersey, &c., at low rates for the purposes of raising money, asks for a speedy decision, as he wishes to settle the discharged soldiers in the vicinity of Lake Champlain,..... Order of the king in council declaring the Connecticut river the boundary between New-York and New Hampshire, ....... Sheriff Schuyler to Lt. Gov. Colden; the New Hampshire people have ejected several farmers in Hoosick out of possession of their lands; some of the aggressors arrested,..-.. Minute of council; Gov. Wentworth complains of the arrest of sundry inhabitants of the town of Pownal by the sheriff of Albany, and signifies his disposition to submit the question of jurisdiction to the king; the Lt. Governor of New-York advised to decline interfering in the matter, as the question

is already before his Majesty,....-++..+++ ois) s:0 4:0) s]olainieveterele Order of the government of New-York in favor of the occupants under New Hampshire who settled before this date,..

. Petition praying that the northern part of the Province be

Wentworth complains of the arrest of sundry inhabitants of the town of Pownal by the sheriff of Albany, and signifies his disposition to submit the question of jurisdiction to the king; the Lt. Governor of New-York advised to decline interfering in the matter, as the question

is already before his Majesty,....-++..+++ ois) s:0 4:0) s]olainieveterele Order of the government of New-York in favor of the occupants under New Hampshire who settled before this date,..

. Petition praying that the northern part of the Province be

divided into five counties, ...-cececeveeeseeves BO DHE e

. Another praying for the erection of a new county on the Connecticut river, ..--.e.seeee nevetstatetstatertate Btigedabdse Seleie/sie

. Another on the same subject, ...... Bisis sisi sletsiessaioiows eens ove .

Report of the Council of New-York on the preceding petitions, Return of the names of the several persons living in the townships of Pownal, Bennington, Shaftsbury, Arlington, Sunderland, Manchester, Droper and Danbey,.........++- Thomas Chandler to Gov. Moore, with a return of the number of men in his and Col. Bayley's districts fit to bear arms,... Order of the Governor and Council .of New-York that the claimants under New Hampshire sue out their grants by a Timited dimers. ste cies aiects oe wnatelace ereislecsie erayarelevatale veel smn algal Ordinance establishing courts in the county of Cumberland in the Province of New-York. (Title only given.).....+. Nomination of the civil officers for said county,.....+sssseees Order of the Goy. and Council of New-York suspending all proceedings on petitions for land on the west side of the Connecticut river already granted by New Hampshire, until one or more of the proprietors of such townships appear,...+

Order of the Governor and Council .of New-York that the claimants under New Hampshire sue out their grants by a Timited dimers. ste cies aiects oe wnatelace ereislecsie erayarelevatale veel smn algal Ordinance establishing courts in the county of Cumberland in the Province of New-York. (Title only given.).....+. Nomination of the civil officers for said county,.....+sssseees Order of the Goy. and Council of New-York suspending all proceedings on petitions for land on the west side of the Connecticut river already granted by New Hampshire, until one or more of the proprietors of such townships appear,...+

eee

PAGE.

CONTENTS. xi

PAGE, 1767. April 11. Lord Shelburne to Gov. Moore; on petition from the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel and of the people of Bennington; no new grants of the lands patented by New Hampshire are to be made by New-York, and no persons to be molested in their possession under title from the former province until further orders, ....+-.eseeee ees mae saeco e's 589 June 9. Gov. Moore to Lord Shelburne; in answer to the representations from Bennington and the Society for Propagating the GOB PONS = stele oercieloioter« ostett bIN foray sSeistaAG Hsle s\e'e's'ois vis'clelels sly vie 590 10. The same to the same; in further defence of New-York,....- 591 July 24. Order of the king in council forbidding the governor of New- York to make grants of any lands already patented by New Hampshire; with the opinion of the council of New-York on the construction to be put on the same, ...seseeeeeeeceeee 609 1768. April 7. List of Judges and other civil officers for Cumberland county,.. 611 1769.. Aug. 10. Gov. Moore to Lord Hillsboro' forwarding petitions from reduced soldiers and others for land east of Lake Champlain, and urging the settlement of that country,.......... seces ibe Sept. 14.

Order of the king in council forbidding the governor of New- York to make grants of any lands already patented by New Hampshire; with the opinion of the council of New-York on the construction to be put on the same, ...seseeeeeeeceeee 609 1768. April 7. List of Judges and other civil officers for Cumberland county,.. 611 1769.. Aug. 10. Gov. Moore to Lord Hillsboro' forwarding petitions from reduced soldiers and others for land east of Lake Champlain, and urging the settlement of that country,.......... seces ibe Sept. 14. Clergy of Connecticut to Sir Wm. Johnson recommending Partridge Thatcher Hsq., to be the first governor of the new province to be erected west of the Connecticut River,...... 614 Oct.. 19. Representation of James Brackenridge and Samuel Robinson to the Governor of New Hampshire as to what occurred between them, and the commissioners for dividing the Wallumschack patents iss% seule vnslycsicevewerdscces waleraloleiee ove '617 Dec. 12. Proclamation of the government of New-York for the arrest of Brackenridge, Robinson and others, for riotously obstructing the partition aforesaid,.......-.+ cRGboeceses coeccsves 615 1770. Jan. 4. Lt. Gov. Colden to Lord Hillsboro' recommending that the grantees under New Hampshire obtain confirmations from New-York on payment of a reduced scale of fees,......-.. + 619 Feb. 10. Gov. J. Wentworth to Lt. Gov. Colden complaining of being obstructed in his duties as Surveyor-General of the king's forests by Judge Wells, (enclosing,).....+..- aint aE: « 621 Memorial of J. Wentworth to Lt. Gov. Colden complaining of certain trespassers on the king's domain on the west side of

Colden to Lord Hillsboro' recommending that the grantees under New Hampshire obtain confirmations from New-York on payment of a reduced scale of fees,......-.. + 619 Feb. 10. Gov. J. Wentworth to Lt. Gov. Colden complaining of being obstructed in his duties as Surveyor-General of the king's forests by Judge Wells, (enclosing,).....+..- aint aE: « 621 Memorial of J. Wentworth to Lt. Gov. Colden complaining of certain trespassers on the king's domain on the west side of

the Connecticut River, town of Windsor, (with,).......++- 624

Jan. 1. Deposition of Benj. Whiting in support of the statements contained in Gov. Wentworth's memorial and letter, Jocmobae - 626 1769. Nov. 15. Deposition of Benj. Wait to the same effect,......s++eeeee+- 629 Dec. 30. Deposition of Amos Tute to the same effect,.....-....ee eee 633

1770. Feb. 28. Order in council for the erection of the county of Gloucester on the west side of the Connecticut River, ....-..-seeeeeeees 634 Mar. Civil officers for Gloucester county,..+.seeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 635

July 19. Rey. Drs. Auehmuty and Cooper to Lt. Goy. Colden recommending certain persons to the command of the militia of the county of Gloucester,....+ WUE sPalate ete ee oles ale Tegees Nee. 636 Aug. 9. Petition of Jolin Grout, attorney at law, to Ch. Just. Horsmanden for leave to bring an action for damages against certain persons for injuries set forth in an,....-+s.e+seeeee ibe

Xi

CONTENTS.

1770. Aug. 9, Affidavit of the same, of false imprisonment which he suffered

Sept. 29.

June to Sept. Nov. 1.

Dec. 3.

18. 1771. Jan. 27.

Colden recommending certain persons to the command of the militia of the county of Gloucester,....+ WUE sPalate ete ee oles ale Tegees Nee. 636 Aug. 9. Petition of Jolin Grout, attorney at law, to Ch. Just. Horsmanden for leave to bring an action for damages against certain persons for injuries set forth in an,....-+s.e+seeeee ibe

Xi

CONTENTS.

1770. Aug. 9, Affidavit of the same, of false imprisonment which he suffered

Sept. 29.

June to Sept. Nov. 1.

Dec. 3.

18. 1771. Jan. 27.

Mar. 9.

4,

Feb. to Mar.

May 15.

17.

30.

June 6.

at the hands of certain New Hampshire men,.....+-+.+++++ Affidavit of S. Wells; with an account of a riot in Cumberland Court HOUSE, 6 «wi riaieie os vio NEM eile vee Neblelo es eccrecerereres Report of His Majesty's Prov. Council of New-York on Gov. Wentworth's accusation against Judge Wells, (with,) ..-.-

Affidavits of, sundry individuals in defence of Judge Wells,..

Proclamation of Gov. Dunmore for the arrest of Hatheway, Robinson and others rioters, for obstructing the partition of the Wallumschack patent,....- yo beisile Selele 6: deSO eB H eae

Petition to the king of the inhabitants of the counties of Cumberland and Gloucester complaining of the riotous obstruetions of the courts of law and other irregularities by the government and people of New-Hampshire, ...-.-+-+++++-

Petition of the inhabitants on the west side of the Connecticut river to the Earl of Dunmore, praying a confirmation of their patents on reduced fees, ....-++- ROMER S« ase/e Nive e inieiclelercrele

Dunmore for the arrest of Hatheway, Robinson and others rioters, for obstructing the partition of the Wallumschack patent,....- yo beisile Selele 6: deSO eB H eae

Petition to the king of the inhabitants of the counties of Cumberland and Gloucester complaining of the riotous obstruetions of the courts of law and other irregularities by the government and people of New-Hampshire, ...-.-+-+++++-

Petition of the inhabitants on the west side of the Connecticut river to the Earl of Dunmore, praying a confirmation of their patents on reduced fees, ....-++- ROMER S« ase/e Nive e inieiclelercrele

Order in council for the prosecution of Silas Robinson,......-

Petition from New. Hampshire to the king complaining of the oppressions experienced from New-York by the people on the grants, and requesting that the latter be annexed to New

PAGE.

Hampshire, ols ceisitie as tie ois bie ve iwiel¥ie vole os Aes sighed e's /< ois » 672

Extract of a letter from Goy. Dunmore to Lord Hillsborough, stating that the disorders which prevail in the grants are designedly. created. and fomented by persons in New Hampshire ; forwards report of the Attorney-General, (with proofs,) in answer to the New Hampshire petition and calls for a revocation of the order suspending grants of land in that quarter; from the people of which he now transmits a petition. praying to be continued under N. York, (covering, )

Certificate of the Surveyor-General that reservations have been made in favor of the New Hampshire occtipants settled before the 22d May, 1765,...... sigmds ES sheis' a hototere atesorg ers

Dunmore to Lord Hillsborough, stating that the disorders which prevail in the grants are designedly. created. and fomented by persons in New Hampshire ; forwards report of the Attorney-General, (with proofs,) in answer to the New Hampshire petition and calls for a revocation of the order suspending grants of land in that quarter; from the people of which he now transmits a petition. praying to be continued under N. York, (covering, )

Certificate of the Surveyor-General that reservations have been made in favor of the New Hampshire occtipants settled before the 22d May, 1765,...... sigmds ES sheis' a hototere atesorg ers

Sundry. affidavits in support of the statements contained in Gov. Dunmore's letter and the Attorney-Generals report,..

Return of the number of Inhabitants in the county of Cum- Derlands Vile. 6 viele cte sticks Siaveiela-onrere SR MMEIE silerra sie cretsiere corse

Return of the number of inhabitants in the county of Gloucester, ....... ataferacePe sraetdees Ooo. UCEODRETORSA CCL a

A list of the heads of families in the several towns in the Contitysof Gloucesbersict nisi. Vem eiiewetath eve caweis ccc.

*Squire Munro to Secretary Banyar, giving an account of ill treatment recently experienced by the 'Yorkers " from the settlers of Princetown, with affidavits in support of his TOPOMtS oie's wemicle delves, bre sielelevele os m

Report of the Board of Trade to the Lords of the Privy Council, enumerating the difficulties attendant on the settlement of the various claims to the lands in the northeast part of the province of New-York, and submitting their decision thereupon! soi 06 We irs ces! ewes

*Squire Munro to Secretary Banyar, giving an account of ill treatment recently experienced by the 'Yorkers " from the settlers of Princetown, with affidavits in support of his TOPOMtS oie's wemicle delves, bre sielelevele os m

Report of the Board of Trade to the Lords of the Privy Council, enumerating the difficulties attendant on the settlement of the various claims to the lands in the northeast part of the province of New-York, and submitting their decision thereupon! soi 06 We irs ces! ewes

i

CONTENTS: xiii

PAGE

1771. Aug. 24. Gov. Tryon to Major Skene and other magistrates ordering

them to grant legal relief to Donald McIntire and others, recently dispossessed of their lands by Robert Cochrane and EHCP ORCL APSE PINs See RU Be 0s PR cee 720

Sept. 18. Judge Wells to Attorney-General Kemp, acquainting him

with a fraud committed by the persons employed by the N.H. government to survey the upper Connecticut River, GWG) 21 IR A ET eters woietaatole alate ciel «721 Affidavit of Nehemiah Howe in support of the same,........ 722 - Memorial of John Munro praying to be appointed sheriff of the city and county of Albany,..:.-..-.- reer oeeeeee 725 - Deposition of Samuel Gardenier, a settler on the Wallumschak patent giving a detail of the ill usage he received from sundry persons disguised as Indians, who destroyed his crops and threw down his fences, as he did not hold under New

Hampshirey ........s0e00- Boba iis oGoRakihesdtieconOeicis 724 « Orderof the Council of New-York for the apprehension of Seth Warner and others of the Bennington mob,..-.-..++eeeeee 729

with a fraud committed by the persons employed by the N.H. government to survey the upper Connecticut River, GWG) 21 IR A ET eters woietaatole alate ciel «721 Affidavit of Nehemiah Howe in support of the same,........ 722 - Memorial of John Munro praying to be appointed sheriff of the city and county of Albany,..:.-..-.- reer oeeeeee 725 - Deposition of Samuel Gardenier, a settler on the Wallumschak patent giving a detail of the ill usage he received from sundry persons disguised as Indians, who destroyed his crops and threw down his fences, as he did not hold under New

Hampshirey ........s0e00- Boba iis oGoRakihesdtieconOeicis 724 « Orderof the Council of New-York for the apprehension of Seth Warner and others of the Bennington mob,..-.-..++eeeeee 729

« Governor of New-York to the Governor of New Hampshire, relative to the ex parte survey of the Connecticut River, and remonstrating against the riots recently committed by persons claiming to be encouraged by New Hampshire, .. . 731 Sundry affidavits to prove that the sheriff of Albany has been violently resisted at Bennington in the execution of his aly PEI He, A RI OT, ele et 732 - Squire Munro to Gov. Tryon; the same factious spirit prevails throughout his neighborhood ; the rioters are not afraid of any force sent against them; another man dispos- SESROO ET. EE EY, AE he Rillcttre Sales Boron eels occ wle wesw 744 . Affidavit of Oharles iptutabidséon setting | forth the destruction of his house and property by Allen, Baker, Cochran, and others, as 'a burnt sacrifice to the Gods of the WOLD, 229 iis eu views tere on Deven a el vei acess Maaetnces wow VaR *Squire McNachton to Secretary Fanning (?); the rioters and traitors have gone to the mountains where it is impossible to arrest them,......

EE EY, AE he Rillcttre Sales Boron eels occ wle wesw 744 . Affidavit of Oharles iptutabidséon setting | forth the destruction of his house and property by Allen, Baker, Cochran, and others, as 'a burnt sacrifice to the Gods of the WOLD, 229 iis eu views tere on Deven a el vei acess Maaetnces wow VaR *Squire McNachton to Secretary Fanning (?); the rioters and traitors have gone to the mountains where it is impossible to arrest them,...... THA PO MIER Moet ee cccsece oleaieierte TAT . Gov. Wentworth's letter to Gov. Tryon touching the riotous conduct of the New Hampshire grantees laid before the Council and mintttes thereon)... ... sec eecwe eee esceccecs 748 . Minute of council ordering a proclamation to be issued offering , a reward for the arrest. of Ethan aga Remember Baker, = and other rioters,......... LOeilelsiicistem eset setetere cie's af evee 749 Proclamation of Goy. Tryon to the above effect. [Not prided: ] Proclamation of Gov. Tryon setting forth the title of New- York to the territory west of the Connecticut river, recapitulating the encroachments of New Hampshire, and re-assert- * ing the rightful claim of New-York,.-.-.-.+.-- seccevcese Too . Gov. Wentworth to Gov. Tryon, (enclosing. ) Minute of the New-Hampshire council declining to publish Goy. Tryon's proclamation of the 11th ultimo, ...+++++++. 755

xiv

1772. Jan. 29.

Feb.

a

Jan. 24

Feb. 16.

Mar. 23

26.

8.

15,

.

May 9.

CONTENTS.

PAGE.

Judge Lord to Gov. Tryon, giving an account of a great riot at Putney, in Cumberland county, on 27th of January, and ' resigning his office, ..2ssssarererevrenescsscsecseocnces

Tryon setting forth the title of New- York to the territory west of the Connecticut river, recapitulating the encroachments of New Hampshire, and re-assert- * ing the rightful claim of New-York,.-.-.-.+.-- seccevcese Too . Gov. Wentworth to Gov. Tryon, (enclosing. ) Minute of the New-Hampshire council declining to publish Goy. Tryon's proclamation of the 11th ultimo, ...+++++++. 755

xiv

1772. Jan. 29.

Feb.

a

Jan. 24

Feb. 16.

Mar. 23

26.

8.

15,

.

May 9.

CONTENTS.

PAGE.

Judge Lord to Gov. Tryon, giving an account of a great riot at Putney, in Cumberland county, on 27th of January, and ' resigning his office, ..2ssssarererevrenescsscsecseocnces

. Judge Chandler to the same, with an account of the above riot,

objecting to Judge Lord's resignation and in fayor of divers loyal subjects in his Vicinity,.....s+esssssseseeesseereees *Squire Munro to the same, with an account of the progress of the rioters at Bennington, (and enclosing, )..+++++-+++erees Information given by Benjamin Buck as to what occurred at a meeting of the rioters in Bennington in the beginning of the MONEH, « siciewienwi pA ew sin aivinie, deine eiplels ciphb b o/01/s/e\0\0) 10/04 vislee Information of Jonathan White as to the temper of the Ben- Nington people, oesersevyessecsveresressrcceroceccccces Judge Lord to Gov. Tryon acquainting him that he had experienced every assistance from the New Hampshire authorities in arresting the persons who had committed the riot at Putme ys jainvsin gle eine elsheivisiessie st iasehainleisieial' «Cis 0s 5 64-6 00.0% Order of the governors of King's College, New-York, for the division and settlement of their township of Kingsland,.... List of civil officers for Gloucester county,.-+++e..ereeeeeeee Gov. Wentworth to Goy. Tryon, requesting a patent of confirmation for B. Wentworth Jz, of 5,000 acres of land in the town of Rockingham, ...<sseccessensecescccoees cece Minute of council setting forth that Allen, Baker, &c., have retired to the neighboring government; the people will not Secretary Banyar to Judge Lord; his conduct approved of}. his resignation cannot be accepted, .-+seseseeeeeversneses Col.

Tryon acquainting him that he had experienced every assistance from the New Hampshire authorities in arresting the persons who had committed the riot at Putme ys jainvsin gle eine elsheivisiessie st iasehainleisieial' «Cis 0s 5 64-6 00.0% Order of the governors of King's College, New-York, for the division and settlement of their township of Kingsland,.... List of civil officers for Gloucester county,.-+++e..ereeeeeeee Gov. Wentworth to Goy. Tryon, requesting a patent of confirmation for B. Wentworth Jz, of 5,000 acres of land in the town of Rockingham, ...<sseccessensecescccoees cece Minute of council setting forth that Allen, Baker, &c., have retired to the neighboring government; the people will not Secretary Banyar to Judge Lord; his conduct approved of}. his resignation cannot be accepted, .-+seseseeeeeversneses Col. Reid to Gov. Tryon, with an extract of a letter from Lord Dunmore offering to build a court house and any other public buildings that may be required for Charlotte county, should his township be selected as the county town,..--..-+ Petition requesting that Socialborough be declared the county town of Charlotte county, and offering to pay for the erection of the public buildings, ..-.+sssevecesesserercrscores List of civil officers appointed for Cumbefland county,........ An account of the temper of the rioters in the eastern part of LAG PLOVIN CLs vais olels\aip/ 5st -spidl Tale sipieiblesagls waihe ey ese ve soe. Examination as to the causes of the riots at Bennington; the inhabitants of that quarter to be invited to lay the grounds of their behaviour before the council of New-York,....... Minute of council setting forth that the rioters had brought to Bennington two picecs of cannon, and a mortar from the fort at East Hoosick, with powder and ball; further outrages, Gov. Tryon to the inhabitants of Bennington, inviting them to send delegates to New-York to explain their PUTC VAD CCSs lala lartare las ntayoha< feist cia Aino) falcini Aisi inlele diets leisia'dieie\a/=\> Examination of Jonathan Wheate, stating who are the rulers at Bennington, and that he had been obliged to abandon PUSAN OT Cg yi tas») s:= Sieve oh fiscoy sin tation satAMK siajaidiyls C14 C\n else b's oie! 9!e 6:6

Minute of council setting forth that the rioters had brought to Bennington two picecs of cannon, and a mortar from the fort at East Hoosick, with powder and ball; further outrages, Gov. Tryon to the inhabitants of Bennington, inviting them to send delegates to New-York to explain their PUTC VAD CCSs lala lartare las ntayoha< feist cia Aino) falcini Aisi inlele diets leisia'dieie\a/=\> Examination of Jonathan Wheate, stating who are the rulers at Bennington, and that he had been obliged to abandon PUSAN OT Cg yi tas») s:= Sieve oh fiscoy sin tation satAMK siajaidiyls C14 C\n else b's oie! 9!e 6:6

ib.

CONTENTS.

PAGE.

1772. Juno 3. Minute of council setting forth the continued riotous spirit prevailing among the people on the N. H. grants, ......+-.-

9. Petition from the inhabitants of Guilford praying for letters

Patent, vos ccvveeredecnecvvcvvece Mee MAS CRs cc cerececes

15. List of townships formerly granted under New Hampshire and since confirmed by New-York ; list of townships for which confirmations have not issued, though long since advised to be granted; list of townships formerly granted by New Hampshire, for which applications have been made for letters of confirmation to be granted whenever his majesty's instructions perMit,...s.seeseeeeeeeeeeeeeee

25. Minute of council setting forth the application on the part of the people of Charlotte county &c., for protection against the »

Bennington rioters,....+.sseeeeeeeee tile tle ovneecseeeeves

+ Report of the committee of His Majesty's council on the letter

received from the inhabitants of Bennington, and recommending that all further prosecutions against them be suspended until His Majesty's pleasure be known, on condition that the said inhabitants do for the future pay respect to'the laws, .s.eress.ses eRe cOUIOR id occ cc cse.es aielpieryx - Report of a public meeting held at Bennipgton on receipt of the aforesaid minute of council; and of the public rejoicings at that place in consequence; promising future obedience,..

+ Report of the committee of His Majesty's council on the letter

received from the inhabitants of Bennington, and recommending that all further prosecutions against them be suspended until His Majesty's pleasure be known, on condition that the said inhabitants do for the future pay respect to'the laws, .s.eress.ses eRe cOUIOR id occ cc cse.es aielpieryx - Report of a public meeting held at Bennipgton on receipt of the aforesaid minute of council; and of the public rejoicings at that place in consequence; promising future obedience,..

Aug. 11. Gov. Tryon to the inhabitants of Bennington complaining of a

breach of faith on their part, and a violation of their promise,

- Minute of council respecting the conduct; and giving the substance of the answer, of the people of Bennington,...-..... Minute of council to the effect that Massachusetts and New Hampshire are preparing petitions to the king for the extension of the jurisdiction of the latter west of Connesy ticut river; the answer from Bennington declared to be insolent; the growing evil cannot be suppressed without the aid of Oe troops; further application to be made to his majesty,.. et eeeees Fees eeeeeeens tere eeeees tees

Goy. Tryon to 'Tord Hillsborough, urging a termination of the controversy and that the New Hampshire grants be oonfirmed on half fees,...... OOO UCOOL GOTO PO CODOL BECOGOOL Minute of council setting forth renewed violences committed by Ira Allen and others on Onion river, and recommending a reward to be offered for their arrest,......+ Oe USNODRON xe Jechiel Hawley to Col. Skene, notifying him that he (H.) had been appointed agent on behalf of the people on the grants,

Tryon to 'Tord Hillsborough, urging a termination of the controversy and that the New Hampshire grants be oonfirmed on half fees,...... OOO UCOOL GOTO PO CODOL BECOGOOL Minute of council setting forth renewed violences committed by Ira Allen and others on Onion river, and recommending a reward to be offered for their arrest,......+ Oe USNODRON xe Jechiel Hawley to Col. Skene, notifying him that he (H.) had been appointed agent on behalf of the people on the grants,

. *Squire Munro to Gov. Tryon, informing his excellency of the

arrest of a number of counterfeiters and their subsequent escape on their way to jail; the country from Jersey to Cowas full of them; Munro's potashery destroyed, ......++

25. Minute of council; letter received from Col. Skene acquaint-

_ing the government that Hawley and Brackenridge are about visiting England on behalf of the people of Bennington; councils' opinion of these several parties,....+-+e+e+++

ib.

1772. Dec. 3. Report of the Board of Trade to tae suords Committee of the 9.

23.

1773. Feb.

20.

+

April 10.

28.

July 1.

Aug. 12.

22.

31.

Sept. 1.

CONTENTS.

Privy Council, with a plan for the settlement of the difficulties respecting the New Hampshire grants, ..-+++.+++++ Lord Dartmouth to Gov. Tryon, discountenancing the interposition of any military force in the existing dispute relative to the grants,..+++++++++ visieie slept oe tinWiececeee teat eeeene Petition of the freeholders of Cumberland county praying for the privilege of electing representatives to the Assembly,... Petition of the freeholders of Charlotte praying that Skenesboro be the county tow, ,\.-+ +s serewiwicecrercrssccsesces Petition to the king from the inhabitants of Gloucester and Cumberland counties, praying that the grants from New Hampshire in said counties, be confirmed by New-York,...- Affidavit of Capt. Wooster setting forth his experience in endeavoring to eject intruders on his lands on the east. banks of Lake Champlain, and the determination of the people there to resist his majesty's troops should they be sent to support the authority of New-York,....-....seseereeoees Lord Dartmouth to Gov.

Petition of the freeholders of Charlotte praying that Skenesboro be the county tow, ,\.-+ +s serewiwicecrercrssccsesces Petition to the king from the inhabitants of Gloucester and Cumberland counties, praying that the grants from New Hampshire in said counties, be confirmed by New-York,...- Affidavit of Capt. Wooster setting forth his experience in endeavoring to eject intruders on his lands on the east. banks of Lake Champlain, and the determination of the people there to resist his majesty's troops should they be sent to support the authority of New-York,....-....seseereeoees Lord Dartmouth to Gov. Tryon communicating the propositions made by the Board of Trade, and approved by his MaAjesty,..seeeeees soccer eeeees tee ee ete ardeeceees sees Deposition of Philip Nichols setting forth Ui destruction of his fences and his own ejectment from his farm at Socialboro' by the mob, and the order of council thereupon,..... Goy. Tryon to Lord Dartmouth, setting forth the objections to the report of the Board of Trade, and iciled his recommendations, ...+...+. mae orosslegateh Tniavs wrsiniteneice(cieie oie/e\6's.e «sie o/s) James Henderson to Mr. Mackintosh; Col. Reid's mill and settlement on Otter creek destroyed nts the mob, ...... BO *Squire Munro to Goy. Tryon; the mob has broke loose; all his pot and pearl ashery destroyed, ..++++.+++++0 ee ee evis . Order in council that the governor request the commander of his majesty's forces to océupy forts Ticonderoga and Crown Point with a sufficient body of troops for the purpose of aiding the civil magistrate in the execution of the laws,...... Gen. Haldemand to Gov. Tryon, declining to furnish troops as required, unless he persist in his request; in such case demands that the expense attendant on their transportation be provided for, .++...++eseecjncece see eeeees Sete es eceeee o

Order in council that the governor request the commander of his majesty's forces to océupy forts Ticonderoga and Crown Point with a sufficient body of troops for the purpose of aiding the civil magistrate in the execution of the laws,...... Gen. Haldemand to Gov. Tryon, declining to furnish troops as required, unless he persist in his request; in such case demands that the expense attendant on their transportation be provided for, .++...++eseecjncece see eeeees Sete es eceeee o

8. Minute of council in answer to Gen. Haldemand's letter; a

court of common pleas and general sessions established near Fort Edward for the county. of Charlotte;.....:-.+.. eeeeee

25. Sundry affidavits detailing the outrages committed by the mob

on Col, Reid's lands; the destruction of his mill, crops, &c.,

27. Adolphus Benzel to Gov. Tryon, giving an account of a man

29.

having been unmercifulky whipped by a party of New Hampshine ridters,.0.¢ 4% +4 20.010.0.+ 69,6.0,0,9%6 "oa. O08 <eiesteis 5 Opinion of the council on receipt of a letter from Gen. Haldemand offering to station troops at. Crown" Point and Ticonderoga for a limited PexiOd, verseccereacaccessocvovcaces

PAGE.

ib. °

ib.

1773.

1774. 1773.

1774.

1775.

Dec.

Feb.

Mar.

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Dec.

Mar.

CONTENTS. xvii : PAGE. Oct. 14. Lord Dartmouth to Gov. Tryon disapproving of his requisition on Gen. Haldemand for troops,...+.+++eeeeesereeeeceeues 856 Feb. 2. Petition of Benj. Hough, giving details of various illegal acts committed by the Bennington rioters and asking protection, (SALES) SetasioatleMa clefts tls Lake cok No ea siste ice a's sponcs Bc ib. 6. Deposition of Benj. Spencer, Jacob Marsh, Benj. Hough, and ; others, as to various indignities they suffered at the hands of Ethan Allen, Remember Baker, Seth Warner, &c.,..... 858 4. Report of the grand committee of Grievances to the New-York Assembly on the preceding papers, ..+-+eeeeeecereeececee 869 9.

Hough, giving details of various illegal acts committed by the Bennington rioters and asking protection, (SALES) SetasioatleMa clefts tls Lake cok No ea siste ice a's sponcs Bc ib. 6. Deposition of Benj. Spencer, Jacob Marsh, Benj. Hough, and ; others, as to various indignities they suffered at the hands of Ethan Allen, Remember Baker, Seth Warner, &c.,..... 858 4. Report of the grand committee of Grievances to the New-York Assembly on the preceding papers, ..+-+eeeeeecereeececee 869 9. Proclamation of Goy. Tryon offering a reward for the arrest of Ethan Allen, Seth Warner, Remember Baker, and other BHOLOLGs dss) oie erst piel alate iettierelare olclbfe She-Vtal se ve's sa: oeite PR are' 0: 871 4, Affidavit setting forth that Amos Chamberlain had been cited before the judgment seat of the Bennington mob,....... Abo eye: 1. Petition of Benj. Hough in behalf of himself and the other settlers of Durham and Socialboro', setting forth other violent outrages by the mob, and stating that the rioters had commenced erecting forts, &c., (with,)........- Sen oasone 875 Sundry depositions in support of the said petition,..... Sasees 878 1. Minute of council advising the governor to apply to Gen. Gage for a military force to support the civil magistracy and keep the peace in Charlotte county, ..-.s++seeeee Relalaa tin ielelcie ee 884 19. Gen. Gage to Gov. Tryon declining to furnish the required £LOOPS, - ec escrecesseerencces OOO ETO Leys See + 885 4, Lieut. Gov. Colden to Lord Dartmouth with an account of the events Bbove Narrated sh ww, cv.clelele viele Sisleicis oie aoe osins'e ed ease SSO 1. Petition of the frecholders of Charlotte county, praying to be allowed to elect representatives to the New-York As- , pemblyy. s Wells duntailon Hil at =: Supp ee Spisaned 1 O88 10. Lord Dartmouth to Lieut.

Tryon declining to furnish the required £LOOPS, - ec escrecesseerencces OOO ETO Leys See + 885 4, Lieut. Gov. Colden to Lord Dartmouth with an account of the events Bbove Narrated sh ww, cv.clelele viele Sisleicis oie aoe osins'e ed ease SSO 1. Petition of the frecholders of Charlotte county, praying to be allowed to elect representatives to the New-York As- , pemblyy. s Wells duntailon Hil at =: Supp ee Spisaned 1 O88 10. Lord Dartmouth to Lieut. Gov. Colden, expressive of the hope ' that things will mend, ....... sisieeielelals die vie ne RGicisres Sis'sie oe 889 9. Petition of Benj. Hough, with an account of a most cruel whipping and other barbarous treatment he received at the hands of the mob, ..... sence ee eee evens Beale eereeiasiers <1 891 7. Depositions in support of the statements contained in the above petition, one of which has the certificate of Hough's punishment signed by Ethan Allen and Seth Warner, .......+-+- 893 21° Minute of council relative to a riot attended with loss of life at Westminster, in Cumberland county, ......-e++eee seeeees 908 Sundry affidavits containing the particulars of the above occur- POU CES rrclolntietareins. Wis. cletole/alelevnrs alo oiviee DERE Norstltla/olarererern ee siete 904 April 5. Lieut. Gov. Colden to Lord Dartmouth, communicating an account of the whipping of 'Squire Hough, and of 'a dangerous insurrection'? in Cumberland county, .....+++e-ee+s 914 7. Petition of Benj. Hough and Daniel Walker, praying for leave to solicit relief from the humane and benevolent,........-. 916 May 4. Petition of Samuel Wells and others; 'Had it not been for the late unhappy difference in Massachusetts Bay,' peace had been restored to the county of Cumberland,.......+ "917

Lieut. Gov. Colden to Lord Dartmouth, communicating an account of the whipping of 'Squire Hough, and of 'a dangerous insurrection'? in Cumberland county, .....+++e-ee+s 914 7. Petition of Benj. Hough and Daniel Walker, praying for leave to solicit relief from the humane and benevolent,........-. 916 May 4. Petition of Samuel Wells and others; 'Had it not been for the late unhappy difference in Massachusetts Bay,' peace had been restored to the county of Cumberland,.......+ "917

VoL. Iv. -

1775. June E "Ke

July 20.

Sept. 25. 1776.

Sept. 26.

Noy. 20. [No date.]

1777. Jan. 20.

Feb. 19.

[No date.]

April 11.

28.

June 23. 27.

30.

CONTENTS.

PAGE-

Lieut. Goy. Colden to Lord Dartmouth ; Hig Majesty's forts at Tinonderoga and Crown Point seized, and the garrison taken* prisoners by the lawless people called the Bennington mob,

Ethan Allen to the Provincial Congress of New-York [from Tinonderoga,] expressive of hopes of reconciliation, thanking them for their respectful treatment not only of Mr. Warner and himself, but of the Green Mountain boys in general, ...... HOHE: ORG 3 ace Rea a se eevcleseeceeese

Declaration of a Convention held at Dorset,.....seseeceeree

Memorandum of the opinions of some members of Congress respecting the establishment of a new state on the Connecticut river, .... aysiele's Safsjers sashes tialels eialetelob iei0ie/sie)s sists « Sanne

Mr. Clay to the sub-committee at Putney, directing that the opinions of the people of Cumberland county on revolting from New-York be sent to the Provincial Congress,.....-++

Minute of a conversation which took place at Windsor, with the delegates from the west side of the Green Mountains,..

Memorandum of the opinions of some members of Congress respecting the establishment of a new state on the Connecticut river, .... aysiele's Safsjers sashes tialels eialetelob iei0ie/sie)s sists « Sanne

Mr. Clay to the sub-committee at Putney, directing that the opinions of the people of Cumberland county on revolting from New-York be sent to the Provincial Congress,.....-++

Minute of a conversation which took place at Windsor, with the delegates from the west side of the Green Mountains,..

Remonstrance against the appointment. by Congress of Cols. Allen and Warner to raise troops independent of N. Y.,....

Report to the New-York Commitiee of Safety on the appointment of Seth Warner as Colonel in the service of the Continental Congress, and protesting against the same, ...+.+... Hon. A. Ten Broeck to the president of (a eg eee the aforesaid report, ......- ond everecemeseriove:® seeeeee

Gen. Bayley, of Newberry, - to the President of thee ew- "York Convention; a number has declared independency of the State of New-York,..ccccssocercsceeserecscres Signiverioxio

Hon. A. Ten Broeck to the president of Congress in opposition tothe pernicious project of those who have fomented insurrection in the State of New-York, .....+.-.++-eeeee .

Brief considerations on the subject of the independence of Vermont, .c.-+++ ness tlorersleigty ebeinlvlaiele Siattieis sie). <are1e Sete sisiele

Thomas Young to the people of the grants, recommending the constitution of Pennsylvania as a model for that of the new state, and that they send delegates to Congress, ...s++-+-

- Declaration by the people of Brattleboro' of their eee to

Ten Broeck to the president of Congress in opposition tothe pernicious project of those who have fomented insurrection in the State of New-York, .....+.-.++-eeeee .

Brief considerations on the subject of the independence of Vermont, .c.-+++ ness tlorersleigty ebeinlvlaiele Siattieis sie). <are1e Sete sisiele

Thomas Young to the people of the grants, recommending the constitution of Pennsylvania as a model for that of the new state, and that they send delegates to Congress, ...s++-+-

- Declaration by the people of Brattleboro' of their eee to

INe@waWiork, avs scaepraaneeioass atstelec ala ieee. 6's Sacaddadusdc

- Report presented to the New-York Provincial Congress on the

state of the counties of Cumberland, Gloucester and Char-

POLE aiemcloye fuleieissetlevelstareiei« seer e cence eens tet ee eens nees

Hon. P. Van Cortland to the president of Congress, complaining that a faction in the northeastern part of this state, who

have declared themselves independent, are countenanced by

certain members of Congress, ..... wis) wisidls 0.0.0 ele e adie we eeee John Williams to secretary McKisson; the grants declared an independent state by the name of New Vermount,.......+ Resolutions of the Council of Safety of Bir F One of receiving the above intelligence,......+...00. Doietiee te. Seis eles ones Resolutions of the Continental Congress dismissing the application of Vermont for admission into the confederacy,...+++

ib.

ib.

* 932

CONTENTS. xix

PAGE. 1777. July 17. Resolutions of the New-York Council of safety directing the resolutions of Congress to be sent to the several counties in

the grants, ..... FP TT Rc aviclol alee Meio dls orcs ec csceesecce 946

certain members of Congress, ..... wis) wisidls 0.0.0 ele e adie we eeee John Williams to secretary McKisson; the grants declared an independent state by the name of New Vermount,.......+ Resolutions of the Council of Safety of Bir F One of receiving the above intelligence,......+...00. Doietiee te. Seis eles ones Resolutions of the Continental Congress dismissing the application of Vermont for admission into the confederacy,...+++

ib.

ib.

* 932

CONTENTS. xix

PAGE. 1777. July 17. Resolutions of the New-York Council of safety directing the resolutions of Congress to be sent to the several counties in

the grants, ..... FP TT Rc aviclol alee Meio dls orcs ec csceesecce 946

28. Certificate from Capt. James Clay that he has distributed the resolves of the Continental Congress, -..+.+sseseeeseeeeee 947 Aug. 10. Warrant*from the Council of Vermont to arrest James Clay,.. ib.

16. Report of Capt. Clay, giving an account of his arrest and detention for having acted under the State of New-York,.... 949

Sept. 2. Minutes of the committee of the county of Cumberland, wherein complaint is made of the proceedings of the '* Pretended

Council of the pretended State of Vermont," and authorizing

Capt. Clay to be their delegate to New-York,....---.+eee- ib. 4. John Sessions to Secretary McKesson on the aspect of affairs on the Connecticut River, ..... Rett a dielelats,ets ior sferainy satan syeie 950

4778. Feb. 3. Proclamation of Gov. Clinton offering certain terms to the peo- , ple of the grants for the settlement of the said disputed lands in peaceable subjection to the authority of the state of ING WEN OFKG) saa en eitislatelclalsts rate' fale da leibie <(sis1e\eo sie ais sapien GOL Oct. 17. Petition of Col. Spencer and other inhabitants of Durham to the legislature of New-York, complaining of ill-treatment received from the pretended state of Vermont and demanding protection,.....

Proclamation of Gov. Clinton offering certain terms to the peo- , ple of the grants for the settlement of the said disputed lands in peaceable subjection to the authority of the state of ING WEN OFKG) saa en eitislatelclalsts rate' fale da leibie <(sis1e\eo sie ais sapien GOL Oct. 17. Petition of Col. Spencer and other inhabitants of Durham to the legislature of New-York, complaining of ill-treatment received from the pretended state of Vermont and demanding protection,..... Sele he al eietete aloe Slavsteltve ioieias cesses 956 1779. May 4. Petition from Cumberland to the same demanding aid,....... 957 5: aterson to Goy. Clinton, informing him that the Green ' Mountain boys are expected on Connecticut river to reduce. the townships there under Vermont,......-...+. toceegeee 960

14. Gov. Clinton to Samuel Minot Esq., communicating his views as to the course the friends of New-York in Vermont should pursue at the present conjuncture,...ccreseceseeeseceeees 962 18. Gov. Clinton to John Jay, president of Congress, with copies of preceding papers to be laid before congress; New-York cannot much longer continue a silent spectator of | the violences committed on her citizens, ...++.+-seeeeeeees see 964 25. Samuel Minot Esq., to Gov. Clinton, giving an account of the visit of Ethan Allen and his Green Mountain. boys to Brat-

. tleborough, and his conduct whilst there,......- Dudanercous ais 29. Gov. Clinton to president Jay, enclosing Mr. Minot's Tetteryes secccves NM Aeenilsidasbnts sloiteercn es elleceiteteces 966

Gov. Clinton to the New-York delegation t in Congress; intends

to send an armed force to repair the outrage déudnitted at Brattleborough, ..++-.+6+ Ras Pansies PECs Satis sete voces 967

Samuel Minot Esq., to Gov. Clinton, giving an account of the visit of Ethan Allen and his Green Mountain. boys to Brat-

. tleborough, and his conduct whilst there,......- Dudanercous ais 29. Gov. Clinton to president Jay, enclosing Mr. Minot's Tetteryes secccves NM Aeenilsidasbnts sloiteercn es elleceiteteces 966

Gov. Clinton to the New-York delegation t in Congress; intends

to send an armed force to repair the outrage déudnitted at Brattleborough, ..++-.+6+ Ras Pansies PECs Satis sete voces 967

Jane 1. President Jay to Gov. Clinton; Congress intends to send 2

committee to the grants to inquire why the inhabitants refuse to continue citizens of the states which formerly exercised jurisdiction over them, .....- Beet aieic sieisie'« pleielalers coee ibe

New-York Delegation in Congress to Gov. Clinton on the

same subject, and ete all idea of shedding Wood aeleene aay Matai Sates fe laervtordtts Sans Mis steht s sok be 30 OCD

3. President Jay to Gov. Clinton, transmitting to him the names of the committee recently appointed by Congresa,......+-»» 969

1779. June 7.

16.

23.

24,

July 23.

i

Sept, 24.

EOctr mre.

1780. Feb.

June 12.

1781. ' 1782. Feb. 24.

,

Aug. 27.

CONTENTS.

Gov. Clinton to Samuel Minot in answer to his of the 25th ' May; is obliged to take the field against the common enemy recommends firmness and prudence,+.++++e+eereeeeees . Gov. Clinton to the President of Congress, opiate of the late conduct of Ethan Allen, a colonel in the continental service, and of certain resolutions of Congress; '' The mcasure of the sufferings of this State is nearly full,"'......+-- Gov. Clinton to the New-York delegation in ee on the same subject, ..++++.+++ sere rtioiaukle Sik claieasteleists eile « stetanem vik ae Gov. Clinton to Gen. Washington; will soon i called on to vindicate the authority of the State; applies for the restoration of the six pounders loaned to Congress in 1776,.......

Clinton to the President of Congress, opiate of the late conduct of Ethan Allen, a colonel in the continental service, and of certain resolutions of Congress; '' The mcasure of the sufferings of this State is nearly full,"'......+-- Gov. Clinton to the New-York delegation in ee on the same subject, ..++++.+++ sere rtioiaukle Sik claieasteleists eile « stetanem vik ae Gov. Clinton to Gen. Washington; will soon i called on to vindicate the authority of the State; applies for the restoration of the six pounders loaned to Congress in 1776,....... Resolves of Congress recommending the immediate release of the persons taken prisoners by Ethan Allen at Brattle- Dorough,, h625.«. siwejeus)« o,cinza]¢ s]¢ 0a mojainjeneciislee oie +.e else «aged The committee of Congress to Samuel Minot Esq., recommending him and the other friends of New-York to raise their quotas for the defence of the frontiers (and enclosing, ) Letter of Goy. Chittenden recommending the suspension of all prosecutions against those who acknowledge themselves subjects of the state of New-York, .sseesssesscscccrecsseces Gov. Chittenden's answers to the queries of the committee of Congress, . +++. Fidseela nis ele eek, SiRceley adatald atte o.cka «eISSN Sine Petition to Congress of the several towns composing Cumberland county, complaining of various oppressions experienced from the Vermont faction; declaring their allegiance to New-York, and praying that the New Hampshire grants return to, their allegiances «2 sicislesieees sivitihcccceccseseeces Instructions to the New-York delegates in Congress relative to the disorders prevailing in the northeastern parts of the State fot Ne wan Oks - o5.cpoinisiWerplalsteitleteels «c+ ciele's ¥cisieieiee Resolutions of Congress recommending the states of New Hampshire, Massachusetts and New-York to empower Congress to hear and determine all differences between them respecting: boundaries, 6, pessciocisiesions s+ 0000es caceee

Fidseela nis ele eek, SiRceley adatald atte o.cka «eISSN Sine Petition to Congress of the several towns composing Cumberland county, complaining of various oppressions experienced from the Vermont faction; declaring their allegiance to New-York, and praying that the New Hampshire grants return to, their allegiances «2 sicislesieees sivitihcccceccseseeces Instructions to the New-York delegates in Congress relative to the disorders prevailing in the northeastern parts of the State fot Ne wan Oks - o5.cpoinisiWerplalsteitleteels «c+ ciele's ¥cisieieiee Resolutions of Congress recommending the states of New Hampshire, Massachusetts and New-York to empower Congress to hear and determine all differences between them respecting: boundaries, 6, pessciocisiesions s+ 0000es caceee

'Charles Phelps to the legislature of New-York; state of opinion

ADC ONG ESS. y sie «ips orslatesaseyp «celery «l/siietateecte) sisleroiass cdblsyo « «.6.s14 «is's Message of Goy. Clinton to the legislature of New-York, with the act of Congress for settling the disturbances in the northeastern district of the state,.........- esielaslisielsle vaee Charles Phelps to Gov. Clinton recapitulating his services as agent at Philadelphia, and applying for further remune- MAtLON pose Gieieia%e ihe wbeseycie:s, c1elale sik palkd alapaiven's ae lare oieteeae tte

Petition of Micah Townsend and others of Cumberland county,

for compensation for loss of property &e., on account of their |

fidelity to New-York,............. Sip EGU 8 ele o's We oid sis 06 Articles of union agreed to at Cah BTL Gipe Nig e ots] «aarssa saveria

Judge Yates to Gov. Clinton advising him of the arrest of sundry persons adherents to the state of Vermont; with list of the persons in custody and the charges against them, ....

Petition of Micah Townsend and others of Cumberland county,

for compensation for loss of property &e., on account of their |

fidelity to New-York,............. Sip EGU 8 ele o's We oid sis 06 Articles of union agreed to at Cah BTL Gipe Nig e ots] «aarssa saveria

Judge Yates to Gov. Clinton advising him of the arrest of sundry persons adherents to the state of Vermont; with list of the persons in custody and the charges against them, ....

PAGE

ib.

. 1004

1782.

1797.

Mar.

May

Sept.

« Feb.

is

Mar.

Dee.

Feb.

CONTENTS.

1. Petition of the people of Cambridge regretting the deception they have been subject to, praying pardon and to be allowed to return to their allegiance under New-York, .....-+.+-+-

4. Submission of the people of Granville and White Creek,......

6. Goy. Clinton to the Committee of Cumberland county assuring them that every attention will be paid to their wishes,.....

15. Goy. Clinton to Joel Bigelow Esq.,,on the subject of recent aggressions committed by the opponents to the state of New-York on the grants, and recommending abstinence

from all violence unless in cases of self defence, se at ao oa ae 27. Gov. Clinton to the committees of Cumberland county with an account of the progress of their affairs in Congress, ...+.+-+

26. Petition of Col. Church and other inhabitants of Cumberland county to the legislature of New-York praying for compensation for their past losses and sufferings under Vermont,...

28. List of civil and military officers in Cumberland: county commissioned by New-York, who have been either imprisoned, banished, or had their effects taken from them by authority of Vermont with the estimated amount of their losses,.....

Clinton to the committees of Cumberland county with an account of the progress of their affairs in Congress, ...+.+-+

26. Petition of Col. Church and other inhabitants of Cumberland county to the legislature of New-York praying for compensation for their past losses and sufferings under Vermont,...

28. List of civil and military officers in Cumberland: county commissioned by New-York, who have been either imprisoned, banished, or had their effects taken from them by authority of Vermont with the estimated amount of their losses,.....

1. Concurrent resolutions of the New-York legislature anthorizing the laying out of a township eight miles square for Col. Church and his fellow sufferers from Vermont,...--- aefeeie's

List of sufferers in opposing the government of the pretended state of Vermont, with the proportion of land adjudged to EBC, vec ces cvcscs eves cevaccinverecss Rise © sie eieis:sisisisis sles

12. Petition of Col. Patterson and others to the legislature of the state of New-York praying for a grant of land in compensation for their losses under Vermont, .......sssseeeeeeeeee

3. Extract from the petition of Theophelack Bache and others, explaining, the mode in which the Vermont controversy with New-York was terminated, /...++.... alaleyaiaiaie)stntel sfarere

. April 23. Names of the claimants who are entitled to compensation for

losses under Vermont, with the sums allowed them by the New-York commissioners, and the division of the thirty

Xxi

PAGE,

1020.

thousand dollars paid by Vermont, ...-++eeeeees mrenetevolele ai 1024 List of authorities which may be consulted on the preceding

GUMCULEES,. coasts wc es ns weccieie cveslecalclesocesinrerieciacens 1025 Petition of Sam'l Robinson and others to the king, dated

Extract from the petition of Theophelack Bache and others, explaining, the mode in which the Vermont controversy with New-York was terminated, /...++.... alaleyaiaiaie)stntel sfarere

. April 23. Names of the claimants who are entitled to compensation for

losses under Vermont, with the sums allowed them by the New-York commissioners, and the division of the thirty

Xxi

PAGE,

1020.

thousand dollars paid by Vermont, ...-++eeeeees mrenetevolele ai 1024 List of authorities which may be consulted on the preceding

GUMCULEES,. coasts wc es ns weccieie cveslecalclesocesinrerieciacens 1025 Petition of Sam'l Robinson and others to the king, dated

XV. MEMOIR OF JAMES ao Lieut. Gov. of the Proy. of New-York, 1035 MISOBLITAIN TNS, 25050 acto v sistercjels maser AAO COE Seondacpadchicn

First Church in New Netherland.

Christmas on the Mohawk River; 1769.

First Episcopal Church in Poughkeepsie. First Mail west of Albany.

First Weekly Mail to Albany.

Library of Sir Henry Moody, Bart. New-York Libraries destroyed by the British. General Frazer.

XX CONTENTS.

PAG:

XVI. MEMOIR OF HON. JAMES DUANE; Judge of the U.S. District Court of New-York,..---+> SSS ac OG "steratone OP OOS UFO Felafersvelaoreveieis 1061 Clergy of the City of New-York in 1796, sescceereneerseeseeseres 1084

XVII. PROCLAMATION OF THE LAST OF THE ROYAL GOVERNORS OF WHEW YORK (sre oes aches od Pe kie C Ue kohis Meo Mgmnes vid 1085 Father White's Indian Grammar. A Relic,..++++ceseceseeees eee 1088

XVIII. MEMORIAL CONCERNING THE IROQUOIS; By Rev. ae Inglis of Trinity Church, No Y., .iecccesccccecssevcccececss Noalsareisveate 1089

CONTENTS OF VOLUME I.

. Papers relating to the Iroquois and other Indian tribes. . Papers relating to the first settlement at Onondaga, and the discovery of the Salt Springw

PROCLAMATION OF THE LAST OF THE ROYAL GOVERNORS OF WHEW YORK (sre oes aches od Pe kie C Ue kohis Meo Mgmnes vid 1085 Father White's Indian Grammar. A Relic,..++++ceseceseeees eee 1088

XVIII. MEMORIAL CONCERNING THE IROQUOIS; By Rev. ae Inglis of Trinity Church, No Y., .iecccesccccecssevcccececss Noalsareisveate 1089

CONTENTS OF VOLUME I.

. Papers relating to the Iroquois and other Indian tribes. . Papers relating to the first settlement at Onondaga, and the discovery of the Salt Springw

at Salina. m

- Papers relating to De/Courzelles' and De Tracy's Expeditions against the Mohawk Indians, 1665-6.

- Reports on the Province of New-York, 1669-1678.

is Papers relating to M. De La Barre's Expedition to Hungry Bay, 1694.

. Governor Dongan's report on the state of the Province, 1687.

|. Papers relating to Denonville's Expedition to the Genesee Country and Niagara, 1687.

. Names of the Male Inhabitants of Ulster Co., 1689.

- Papers relating to the' Invasion of New-York and the Burning of Schenectady by the

French, 1690. s

. Civil List of the Province of New-York, 1693.

. Papers relating to Frontenae's Expedition against the Onondagoes, 1696. . New-York Army List, 1790.

- Census of the Counties of Orange, Dutchess and Albany, 1702, 1714, 1720. . Cadwallader Colden on the lands of New-York, 1732.

. Papers relating to the Susquehannah River, 1683-1757.

. Papers relating to Ogdensburgh, 1749.

. Papers relating t6 Oswego.

. Papers relating to the Oneida Country and the Mohawk Valley, 1756, 1757. . Papers relating to French Seigniories on Lake Champlain.

Papers relating to Frontenae's Expedition against the Onondagoes, 1696. . New-York Army List, 1790.

- Census of the Counties of Orange, Dutchess and Albany, 1702, 1714, 1720. . Cadwallader Colden on the lands of New-York, 1732.

. Papers relating to the Susquehannah River, 1683-1757.

. Papers relating to Ogdensburgh, 1749.

. Papers relating t6 Oswego.

. Papers relating to the Oneida Country and the Mohawk Valley, 1756, 1757. . Papers relating to French Seigniories on Lake Champlain.

. Boundary Line between the Whites and the Indians, 1765.

. Papers relating to the City of New-York.

. Papers relating to Long Island.

. Statistics of Population, 1647--1774.

. Statistics of Revenue, Imports, Exports, etc., 1691--1768.

. Papers relating to Trade and Manufactures, 1705--1757.

. Report of Gov. Tryon on the state of the Province, 1774.

'CONTENTS 0° VOLUME IL :

I. Papers relating to Lt. Go "Leisler's Administration. II. Early rate lists of Long Island.

NI. Manuscripts of Sir Wm. Johnson.

IV. Early Steam Navigation. Z V. Papers relating to Western New-York. ' % : ' " '

CONTENTS OF VOLUME III.

=I. Champlain's Expeditions to Northern and Western New-York, 1609, 1615. II. Papers relating to the First Settlement of New-York by the Dutch. III. Papers relating to the Restoration of New-York to the English; and to the Gharges agains- Captain Manning for its Previous Surrender to the Dutch, 1674, 1675. IV. Papers relating to the State of Religion in the Province, 1657--1712. V. Papers relating to Kings County, L. I. VI. Papers relating to the Churches,in Queens County. VII. Papers rélating io Suffolk County. VU. Papers relating to the City of New-York. 4 TX. Papers relating to the Palatines. . X. Papers relating to the Manor of Livingston, including the First Settlement of Schoharie, 1680--1795 : "XI. Census of Slaves, 1755.

Papers relating to the Restoration of New-York to the English; and to the Gharges agains- Captain Manning for its Previous Surrender to the Dutch, 1674, 1675. IV. Papers relating to the State of Religion in the Province, 1657--1712. V. Papers relating to Kings County, L. I. VI. Papers relating to the Churches,in Queens County. VII. Papers rélating io Suffolk County. VU. Papers relating to the City of New-York. 4 TX. Papers relating to the Palatines. . X. Papers relating to the Manor of Livingston, including the First Settlement of Schoharie, 1680--1795 : "XI. Census of Slaves, 1755. XII. Papers relating to Albany and Adjacent Places. XIII. Papers relating to Westchester County. XIV. Papers relating to Ulster and Dutchess Counties. % XV. Papers relating to Quakers and Moravians. XVI. Rev. Gideon Hawley's Journey to Oghquaga, Broome Oo., 1758. XVII. State of the Anglo-American Church, in 1776. XVIII. Prices of Land in the State of New-York, 1791. XIX. Report of a Commniittee appointed to Explore the Western Waters in the State of New- York, 1792. XX. Journal of Rev. John Taylor's Missionary Tour through the Mohawk and Black River Countries, in 1802. XXI. .Rectors of St. Peter's Church, Albany. XXII. Appendix. e XXIII. Medals and Coins. XXIV. Miscellany,

| Fi: wearer Net Stlagracg.

Sei eas

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INDEX OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

PORTRAITS OF GOV. CLINTON AND LADY,"

BOTS CODEC DOG To face title.

(From Plates loaned by Pierre Van Cortlandt Esq.) GREAT SEALS OF THE PROVINCE FROM 1623 TO THE REVOLUTION,.... *]

Journal of Rev. John Taylor's Missionary Tour through the Mohawk and Black River Countries, in 1802. XXI. .Rectors of St. Peter's Church, Albany. XXII. Appendix. e XXIII. Medals and Coins. XXIV. Miscellany,

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Sei eas

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INDEX OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

PORTRAITS OF GOV. CLINTON AND LADY,"

BOTS CODEC DOG To face title.

(From Plates loaned by Pierre Van Cortlandt Esq.) GREAT SEALS OF THE PROVINCE FROM 1623 TO THE REVOLUTION,.... *]

I. Seal of New Netherland. II. Seal of the Duke of York. IV. Seal of William and Mary. V. First Seal of Queen Anne.

Second Seal of Queen Anne.

1623. 1684. 1691. 1705. 1710.

VI. Seal of George I. 1718. VIi. Seal of George II. VIII. Seal of George III. 1767. /

VIEW OF THE CITY OF NEW AMSTERDAM, (now New-York,). WILD ANIMALS OF NEW NETHERLAND,......-. "95 VIEW OF THE BATTLE OF LAKE GEORGE. 1755,........

ee ereereee eeeecceroes

* 259

PORTRAIT OF REV. JOHN OGILVIE, D-D., formerly of St. Peter's Church,

Albany, and afterwards of Trinity Ch: N. Y.,

eeeeee Ce ee

(From Plate loaned by the Vestry of Trinity Ch.) TOPOGRAPHICAL MAP OF THE COUNTRY AROUND FORT STANWIX.

1758,

PLAN OF FORT STANWIX. 1758,......0-cecceesscoes

eeeeeee ry

CHOROGRAPHICAL MAP OF THE NORTHERN PART OF THE PROVINCE OF NEW-YORK; illustrating the controversy between that State and New

Ls byipesbthes Gabsocsudororrscusot ODIdOS Nosevatsi lecetetereiers

ed

PORTRAITS OF THE GOVERNOR, LIEUT. GOV. OF THE STATE, AND

SPEAKER OF THE ASSEMBLY OF N. Y., IN 1798, . PORTRAITS OF THE SENATORS OF THE STATE OF NEW-YORK IN 1798,

(From Plate loaned by the Vestry of Trinity Ch.) TOPOGRAPHICAL MAP OF THE COUNTRY AROUND FORT STANWIX.

1758,

PLAN OF FORT STANWIX. 1758,......0-cecceesscoes

eeeeeee ry

CHOROGRAPHICAL MAP OF THE NORTHERN PART OF THE PROVINCE OF NEW-YORK; illustrating the controversy between that State and New

Ls byipesbthes Gabsocsudororrscusot ODIdOS Nosevatsi lecetetereiers

ed

PORTRAITS OF THE GOVERNOR, LIEUT. GOV. OF THE STATE, AND

SPEAKER OF THE ASSEMBLY OF N. Y., IN 1798, . PORTRAITS OF THE SENATORS OF THE STATE OF NEW-YORK IN 1798,

MEMBERS OF THE HOUSE OF ASSEMBLY IN 1798, MAP OF THE COUNTRY OF THE VI NATIONS PROPER. 1771,..

PLAN OF THE VILLAGE OF BUFFALO AND NEW AMSTERDAM,.

ee ce

ee ewer erro rene

GREAT SEALS 0F NEW NETHERLAND AND NEW-YORK

No. I.

4 Sea. oF New Nerueriannp.

This is the first public seal of the Province, and is thus described: Argent, a Beaver, proper; Crest, a Coronet; Legend, Sicittvm. Novi. Bere. In a paper by Van der Donck entitled, " Further observations on the Petition of the Commonalty of New Netherland," it is stated, that New Netherland was called a Province, because it was invested by their High Mightinesses with the arms of an Earl.1 The engraving is copied from an impression of the seal in the office of the Secretary of State.? It was in use until 1664, and afterwards, we presume, under Gov. Colve in 1673, 4.

Ik

Sreau oF THE Doxe or York. .

This is a copy of the Royal arms of the House of Sruarrt which Burke thus describes--Quarterly, first and fourth, France and Eneianp quarterly ; second, or, a lion rampant, within a double tressure, flory counter flory, gu. Scortanp; third, az. a harp, or, stringed, ar. IneELanp.* Motto, ' Hont. soir. Qui. MAL. ¥ pense." Legend, Sictru. Provine Novi. Exorac. «Crest, a Coronet composed of crosses and fleur de lis, with one arch ; which, Burke adds, the Duke of York was directed to use, by a Royal Warrant dated 9th Feb. 1662.

This is a copy of the Royal arms of the House of Sruarrt which Burke thus describes--Quarterly, first and fourth, France and Eneianp quarterly ; second, or, a lion rampant, within a double tressure, flory counter flory, gu. Scortanp; third, az. a harp, or, stringed, ar. IneELanp.* Motto, ' Hont. soir. Qui. MAL. ¥ pense." Legend, Sictru. Provine Novi. Exorac. «Crest, a Coronet composed of crosses and fleur de lis, with one arch ; which, Burke adds, the Duke of York was directed to use, by a Royal Warrant dated 9th Feb. 1662. There are several impressions of this seal in the first Vol. of Land Papers, in the Sec'ys office.

They are incumbent, but those to the Patent of Renselaerwyck (1685,) and to the charter of the city of Albany (1686,) are pendant. The earliest impression in the Sec'ys office is to a

1 Hol. Doc. IV. 39. . 2 Land Papers, I. 3 Burke's Encye. of Heraldry. Royal Armory.

he GREAT SEALS OF

patent dated 20th August, 1670, and from the fact that the patents issued by Governor Nicolls are sealed only with his signet, it is inferred that the Great Seal now reproduced was received in October, 1669, at the same time as the seal presented by Gov. Lovelace to the city of New-York.! It was in use until 1687, with the exception of Colve's brief administration in 1674.

iT.

Sea or James II.

ve have not been able to find an impression of this seal, the Warrant for which bears date 14th August, 1687. It is described therein as having "on the one side our Royal effigies on Horseback in Arms over a Landskip of Land and Sea, with a Rising Sun, and a Scrole containing this motto, Auruse: et Ineo. And our Titles round the circumference of the said Seal ; There being also engraven on the other side Our Royal Arms with the Garter, Crown, Supporters and Motto, with this Inscription round y@ Circumference Stcmnum Provincrm: Nostra Novi Exsoraci etc., in America."* Despatches of the above date were received in New York on the 21st November following ;* the seal was in use, it is supposed, until Leisler's usurpation in June 1689.

It is described therein as having "on the one side our Royal effigies on Horseback in Arms over a Landskip of Land and Sea, with a Rising Sun, and a Scrole containing this motto, Auruse: et Ineo. And our Titles round the circumference of the said Seal ; There being also engraven on the other side Our Royal Arms with the Garter, Crown, Supporters and Motto, with this Inscription round y@ Circumference Stcmnum Provincrm: Nostra Novi Exsoraci etc., in America."* Despatches of the above date were received in New York on the 21st November following ;* the seal was in use, it is supposed, until Leisler's usurpation in June 1689.

1 ke

Seat oF Kine WiLiiam anp Queen Mary.

The warrant for this seal, which was brought over by Gov. Sloughter, bears date 3lst May, 1690.4 It served as the model for all the Great Seals of New-York subsequently received from 'England, and has, on one side, the effigies of the King and Queen, and two Indians kneeling offering as presents--the one, a roll of Wampum, the other a Beaver skin. Around the circumference are their Majesties titles--Gviimtmvs III. er Marta. II. Den Gra. Mac. Brit. Fray. His. Rex er Recina. Pip. Der. On the reverse are the Royal Arms with the Garter, Crown, Supporters and Motto, and this inscription--Sremivm Province. Nosrr. Nov.

1 Valentine's Manual of the Com. Counce. of N. Y. for 1849. 343.

2 Lond Doe. V. 139. 3 Counc. Min. V. 213. 4 Book of Commissions, Sec'ys Off. II. 16.

Sloughter, bears date 3lst May, 1690.4 It served as the model for all the Great Seals of New-York subsequently received from 'England, and has, on one side, the effigies of the King and Queen, and two Indians kneeling offering as presents--the one, a roll of Wampum, the other a Beaver skin. Around the circumference are their Majesties titles--Gviimtmvs III. er Marta. II. Den Gra. Mac. Brit. Fray. His. Rex er Recina. Pip. Der. On the reverse are the Royal Arms with the Garter, Crown, Supporters and Motto, and this inscription--Sremivm Province. Nosrr. Nov.

1 Valentine's Manual of the Com. Counce. of N. Y. for 1849. 343.

2 Lond Doe. V. 139. 3 Counc. Min. V. 213. 4 Book of Commissions, Sec'ys Off. II. 16.

NEW NETHERLAND AND NEW-YORK. *3

:

Esor. etc. iv America. These arms are, it will be remarked, the same as those on the Stuart seal, with the addition, however, of an escutcheon of pretence, containing a Lion rampant, for the arms of Nassau, of which house King William was a member. It has some other peculiarities worthy of attention. Much importance has been attached to this seal from the fact that it was affixed to several patents in this country after the King's death. But the objections made, to the validity of those patents, on that account, must disappear when the fact is understood, that this seal was not superseded until Sept., 17/5--three years and a half after the King's demise. The engraving is from the Seal attached to the original Charter of Trinity Church, N. Y., 1697, in the State Lib., and to the Commission of Johannis Abeel, Mayor of Albany, 1694, in the Albany Institute.

Much importance has been attached to this seal from the fact that it was affixed to several patents in this country after the King's death. But the objections made, to the validity of those patents, on that account, must disappear when the fact is understood, that this seal was not superseded until Sept., 17/5--three years and a half after the King's demise. The engraving is from the Seal attached to the original Charter of Trinity Church, N. Y., 1697, in the State Lib., and to the Commission of Johannis Abeel, Mayor of Albany, 1694, in the Albany Institute.

¥ | ° SEAL OF QuEEN ANNE. ' There were two Great Seals for the Province in this reign.

1. The first, the warrant for which bears date the 3d May, 1705,' was brought out by Col. Nott, of Virginia,? and was received on 6th September following when that of William and Mary was defaced,*® and sent back to England broken.' On the one side are the Queen's effigy and the Indians offering their tokens of submission, as before, with the Royal titles Anna. Det. Gra. Mac. Brit. Fran. er. His. Reena. Frp. Deren. On the reverse, the Sruart arms as already described, (see JIT.)--the escutcheon of Nassau having been removed on the death of the King--with Crown, Garter, Supporters and Motto, and this Inscription, Ste1ttvmM. Provincre. Nostra. Novi. Exoract. rn. America. Motto--Semper Eadem. The Engraving is copied from the Seal in the State Library to a Patent of Anne Bridges and others for a tract in Westchester Co., dated 25th Sept., 1708.

Fran. er. His. Reena. Frp. Deren. On the reverse, the Sruart arms as already described, (see JIT.)--the escutcheon of Nassau having been removed on the death of the King--with Crown, Garter, Supporters and Motto, and this Inscription, Ste1ttvmM. Provincre. Nostra. Novi. Exoract. rn. America. Motto--Semper Eadem. The Engraving is copied from the Seal in the State Library to a Patent of Anne Bridges and others for a tract in Westchester Co., dated 25th Sept., 1708.

2, The Union between England and Scotland, in 1706, rendering a new Seal requisite, a second one was ordered on 29th October, 1709, and received on the arrival of Gov. Hunter, 14th

"1 Lond. Doe. XVI. 183. 2 Ibid XVI. 275, 3 Counc. Min. IX. 563. « 4ALond. Doe. XVI. 311.

4* GREAT SEALS OF

June, 1710, when that of 1705 was broken.' The Queen's effigy, the Indians with the Royal titles, are the same as on the first seal; on the reverse, the Royal arms, now changed in consequence of the Union; on the first and fourth quarters, England empales Scotland; on the second are the lilies of France; on the third the Harp for Ireland, and the former Motto, Semper Eadem. Around the circumference is the inscription Sicrntvm. Provincim. Nostam. Novi. Exoract. In. America. This seal was not superseded until July 1718, four years after the Queen's death.

VI.

Seay or Georce I.

This seal was ordered 8th Octob. 1717, and received "by Hopkins" on 1st July, 1718, when that of Queen Anne was broken,? and returned to the Board of Trade.* On the one side are, the effigy of his Majesty, two Indians offering presents ; and around the cireumference the royal titles--Grorervs. D. G. Mas. Brit. Fran. er. Hrs. Rex. Bavy. er. Lyn. Dvx. Sa. Ro. 'Im. Arc. Tues. er. Prin.

VI.

Seay or Georce I.

This seal was ordered 8th Octob. 1717, and received "by Hopkins" on 1st July, 1718, when that of Queen Anne was broken,? and returned to the Board of Trade.* On the one side are, the effigy of his Majesty, two Indians offering presents ; and around the cireumference the royal titles--Grorervs. D. G. Mas. Brit. Fran. er. Hrs. Rex. Bavy. er. Lyn. Dvx. Sa. Ro. 'Im. Arc. Tues. er. Prin. Exec. On the reverse, the royal arms, Garter, Crown, Supporters and Motto, and this inscription, Sie1LtvM. Provincrm. Nostra. Novi. Esoracrt 1n. America. The "Semper Eadem" of the last seal is replaced by Dieu et Mon Droit; and on the escutcheon we have, first, the arms of England empaling those of Scotland ; second France ; third Ireland ; fourth gu. two lions passant. guard. in pale or, for Brunswick ; impaling, or, semée of hearts gu.a lion ramp. az. for Lunenburgh, on a point in point gu. a horse courant ar. for Saxony; on the centre of the fourth quarter an escutcheon gu. charged with the Crown of Charlemagne, or, as Arch-treasurer of the Holy Roman Empire. *

VII. SEAL oF Georce II. This Seal is a finer specimen of the arts than the last, and exhibits a progressive change in the dress and drapery of the principal figure. The kneeling Squaw is introduced here for the

1 Counc. Min. X..519. ; 2 Ibid. XI. 495, 497, 498. 8 Lond. Doe. XXI. 44. 4 Burke's Encyclop. of Heraldry.

The "Semper Eadem" of the last seal is replaced by Dieu et Mon Droit; and on the escutcheon we have, first, the arms of England empaling those of Scotland ; second France ; third Ireland ; fourth gu. two lions passant. guard. in pale or, for Brunswick ; impaling, or, semée of hearts gu.a lion ramp. az. for Lunenburgh, on a point in point gu. a horse courant ar. for Saxony; on the centre of the fourth quarter an escutcheon gu. charged with the Crown of Charlemagne, or, as Arch-treasurer of the Holy Roman Empire. *

VII. SEAL oF Georce II. This Seal is a finer specimen of the arts than the last, and exhibits a progressive change in the dress and drapery of the principal figure. The kneeling Squaw is introduced here for the

1 Counc. Min. X..519. ; 2 Ibid. XI. 495, 497, 498. 8 Lond. Doe. XXI. 44. 4 Burke's Encyclop. of Heraldry.

NEW NETHERLAND AND NEW-YORK. *5

first time nude, and great care is bestowed in delineating the skin she offers, in which we can almost trace the perfect outline of the animal to which it belonged. There is another improvement worthy of remark--the inscriptions on this and the next seal are on the sides opposite to those they heretofore occupied. 'The words "Sigittvm. Provincia. Nosrrm. Novi. Exoract. in. AMERICA," are appropriately on the side representing American gifts; whilst the Royal titles--"@xonervs. If. D. G. Mac. Bat. Fr. er. His. Rex. F. D. Brun. ev. Lux. Dux. 8. R. I. Arc. Tu. er. Pr. Ex." surround the Royal arms on the reverse side. These arms are the same as those last described, but their design and finish are immensely Superior. . This engraving is, also, from an impression in the State Library.

Exoract. in. AMERICA," are appropriately on the side representing American gifts; whilst the Royal titles--"@xonervs. If. D. G. Mac. Bat. Fr. er. His. Rex. F. D. Brun. ev. Lux. Dux. 8. R. I. Arc. Tu. er. Pr. Ex." surround the Royal arms on the reverse side. These arms are the same as those last described, but their design and finish are immensely Superior. . This engraving is, also, from an impression in the State Library.

VIE. Sea or Georce III.

The warrant for this seal bears date 9th July, 1767; it was received on the following 3d October' (seven years after the death of Geo. II.,) and the preceding seal was returned to the Colonial office. The principal side, where the Indians are offering their gifts to the King, is surrounded by the inscription " Sterrtum. Provincia. Nostra. Novi. Esoract. 1y AMERICA;" on the reverse are the Royal arms (as last described,) with the royal titles--Groreiws HI. D. G. Mage. Bri. Fr. er His. Rex. F. D. Brun. er. Lun. Dux. 8. R. I. An. Tues. er Ex This was the Great Seal of the Province of New-York down to the Revo.utron.

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JOURNAL

NEW NETHERLAND.

1647,

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Written in the years 1641, 1642, 1648, 1644, 1645 and 1646.

[Translated from Hol. Doc. II.]

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JOURNAL OF NEW NETHERLAND.

Brief Description of New Netherland.

New Nerueranp (so called because it was first frequented 'and peopled by free Netherlanders) is a province in the most northern part of America lying between N. England (which bounds them on the N, E. side) and Virginia lying to the S. W. The Ocean is confined along its whole length by a clean sandy coast, very similar to that of Flanders or Holland, having except the rivers few bays or Harbors for ships, the air is very temperate, inclining to dryness, healthy, little subject to sickness.

New Nerueranp (so called because it was first frequented 'and peopled by free Netherlanders) is a province in the most northern part of America lying between N. England (which bounds them on the N, E. side) and Virginia lying to the S. W. The Ocean is confined along its whole length by a clean sandy coast, very similar to that of Flanders or Holland, having except the rivers few bays or Harbors for ships, the air is very temperate, inclining to dryness, healthy, little subject to sickness. The four seasons of the year are about as in France, or the Netherlands the difference is, the Spring is shorter because it begins later, the Summer is warmer because it comes on more suddenly, the Harvest is long and very pleasant, the Winter cold and liable to much snow ; two winds ordinarily prevail: the N. W. in Winter and the 8S. W. in Summer; the other winds are not common; the N. W. corresponds with our N. E. because it blows across the country from the cold point as our N. E. does. The S. W. is dry and hot like our 8. E. because it comes from the Warm countries ; the N. E. is cold and wet like our S. W. for similar reasons. The character of the country is very like that of France ; the land is reasonably hilly and level. To wit, broken along the coast by small Rocky hills unfit for agriculture ; farther in the interior are pretty high Mountains (generally exhibiting great appearance of minerals) between which flow a great number of Small Rivers, in some places there are even some Lofty ones of Extraordinary Height, but not many ; its fertility falls behind no province in Europe in excellence as in cleanness of fruits and seeds.

The character of the country is very like that of France ; the land is reasonably hilly and level. To wit, broken along the coast by small Rocky hills unfit for agriculture ; farther in the interior are pretty high Mountains (generally exhibiting great appearance of minerals) between which flow a great number of Small Rivers, in some places there are even some Lofty ones of Extraordinary Height, but not many ; its fertility falls behind no province in Europe in excellence as in cleanness of fruits and seeds. There are three principal rivers, to wit: the Fresh, 'the Mauritius? and the South® River all three reasonably wide and deep, adapted for the navigation of large

1 Connecticut. 2Hudson. 3 Delaware.

4 JOURNAL OF NEW NETHERLAND.

ships twenty five miles up! and of common barks even to the falls, from the river Mauritius off to beyond the Fresh river stretches a Canal that forms an Island, forty miles long, called Long Island, which is the ordinary passage from N. England to - Virginia having on both sides many harbours to anchor in so that people make no difficulty about navigating it in winter. The Country is generally covered with trees, except a few valleys and some large Flats of Seven or Eight miles and less ; the trees are as in Europe--viz. Oak, Hickory, Chestnut, Vines. The animals are also of the same species as ours, except Lions and some other strange beasts, many Bears, abundance of Wolves which harm nobody but the small cattle, Elks and Deer in abundance, Foxes, Beavers, Otters, Minx and such like. The birds, which are natural to the Country are Turkeys like ours, Swans, Geese of three sorts, Ducks, Teals, Cranes, Herons, Bitterns, two sorts of Heath fowls or Pheasants. The River fish is like that of Europe, viz.

The animals are also of the same species as ours, except Lions and some other strange beasts, many Bears, abundance of Wolves which harm nobody but the small cattle, Elks and Deer in abundance, Foxes, Beavers, Otters, Minx and such like. The birds, which are natural to the Country are Turkeys like ours, Swans, Geese of three sorts, Ducks, Teals, Cranes, Herons, Bitterns, two sorts of Heath fowls or Pheasants. The River fish is like that of Europe, viz. Carp, Sturgeon, Salmon, Pike, Perch, Roach, Eel, &e--In the Salt waters are found Codfish, Shellfish, Herring and so forth, also abundance of oysters and muscles. "The Indians are of ordinary stature, Strong and broad shouldered ; olive color, light and nimble of foot, subtle in disposition, of few words which they previously well consider, hypocritical, treacherous, vindictive ; brave and obstinate in self defence, in time of need right resolute to die. They seem to despise all the torments that can be inflicted on them without once uttering a sigh--go almost naked except a Jap which hangs before their nakedness, and on the shoulders a deer skin or a mantle, a fathom square of woven Turkey feathers or peltries sewed together, they make use now greatly of Duffels, Cloths Blue or Red, in consequence of the frequent visits of the Christians. In winter they make shoes of Deer Skins, manufactured after their fashion. Except their chiefs, they have generally but one wife whom they frequently change aceording to caprice ; she must do all the work, as well corn planting as wood cutting and whatever else is to bedone. hey are divided into various nations. They differ even in Language, which

They seem to despise all the torments that can be inflicted on them without once uttering a sigh--go almost naked except a Jap which hangs before their nakedness, and on the shoulders a deer skin or a mantle, a fathom square of woven Turkey feathers or peltries sewed together, they make use now greatly of Duffels, Cloths Blue or Red, in consequence of the frequent visits of the Christians. In winter they make shoes of Deer Skins, manufactured after their fashion. Except their chiefs, they have generally but one wife whom they frequently change aceording to caprice ; she must do all the work, as well corn planting as wood cutting and whatever else is to bedone. hey are divided into various nations. They differ even in Language, which

1 Dutch miles one of which is equal to three English: Tr.

JOURNAL OF NEW NETHERLAND. 5

would be altogether too long to be narrated in this short space. They dwell together mostly from friendship, in tribes over which commands a chief who is General and is generally called Sackema possessing not much authority and little advantage, Unless in their dances and other ceremonies. They have hardly any knowledge of God, no Divine Worship, no Law, no Justice, the Strongest does what he pleases and the Youths are master. Their weapons are the Bow and Arrow, in the use of which they are Wonderful adepts. They live by Hunting and Fishing in addition to maize which the Women Plant.

By Whom and How New Netherland was peopled.

They dwell together mostly from friendship, in tribes over which commands a chief who is General and is generally called Sackema possessing not much authority and little advantage, Unless in their dances and other ceremonies. They have hardly any knowledge of God, no Divine Worship, no Law, no Justice, the Strongest does what he pleases and the Youths are master. Their weapons are the Bow and Arrow, in the use of which they are Wonderful adepts. They live by Hunting and Fishing in addition to maize which the Women Plant.

By Whom and How New Netherland was peopled.

The subjects of the Lords States General had frequented this Country a long time ago solely for the purpose of the fur trade. Since the year 1623 the Incorporated West India Company caused four Forts to be erected in that Country--Two on the River Mauritius and one on each of the other [rivers]; the biggest stands on the Point formed by the Mauritius river and the other mentioned heretofore ; their Honors named it New Amsterdam ; and six and thirty miles upwards another called Orange that on the South river is Nassaw and that on Fresh River, the Good Hope, the Company hath since continually maintained garrisons there; In the beginning their Honors had sent a certain number of Settlers thither, and at great expense had three Sawmills erected, which never realised any Profit of consequence, on account of their great charge, and a great deal of money was expended for the advancement of the country, but it never began to be settled until every one had liberty to trade with the Indians, inasmuch as up to this time no one calculated to remain there longer than the expiration of his bounden time, and therefore did not apply themselves to Agriculture.

Since the year 1623 the Incorporated West India Company caused four Forts to be erected in that Country--Two on the River Mauritius and one on each of the other [rivers]; the biggest stands on the Point formed by the Mauritius river and the other mentioned heretofore ; their Honors named it New Amsterdam ; and six and thirty miles upwards another called Orange that on the South river is Nassaw and that on Fresh River, the Good Hope, the Company hath since continually maintained garrisons there; In the beginning their Honors had sent a certain number of Settlers thither, and at great expense had three Sawmills erected, which never realised any Profit of consequence, on account of their great charge, and a great deal of money was expended for the advancement of the country, but it never began to be settled until every one had liberty to trade with the Indians, inasmuch as up to this time no one calculated to remain there longer than the expiration of his bounden time, and therefore did not apply themselves to Agriculture. Yea, even the Colonie of Renselaerwyck was of little consequence but as soon | as it [the trade] was opened, many Servants, who had prospered under the Company, applied for their discharge, built houses and formed plantations, spread themselves broad and wide, Each seeking the best land, and to be nearest the Indians in order thus to trade with them advantageously, others bought Barks' with

6. JOURNAL OF NEW NETHERLAND.

which to trade goods at the North and at the South, and as the Lords Directors gave free passage from Holland thither, that also caused many to come: On the other hand, the English came both from Virginia and N. England. Firstly, divers Servants, whose time with their masters had expired, on account of the good opportunity to plant Tobacco here--afterwards Families and finally entire Colonies, forced to quit that place both to enjoy freedom of conscience and to escape from the Insupportable Government of N England and because many more commodities were easier to be obtained hére than there, so that in place of Seven Bouweries and Two @ three plantations which were here, men saw thirty Bowweries, as well cultivated and stocked as in Europe.

Firstly, divers Servants, whose time with their masters had expired, on account of the good opportunity to plant Tobacco here--afterwards Families and finally entire Colonies, forced to quit that place both to enjoy freedom of conscience and to escape from the Insupportable Government of N England and because many more commodities were easier to be obtained hére than there, so that in place of Seven Bouweries and Two @ three plantations which were here, men saw thirty Bowweries, as well cultivated and stocked as in Europe. A Hundred Plantations which in Two or three [years] would become regular Bouweries. For after the Tobacco was out the ground, Corn Was planted there without ploughing. In winter men were busy preparing new lands. Five English Colonies which*by Charter had [settled] under us on equal terms as the others. Each of these was in appearance not less than a hundred families strong, exclusive of the Colonie of Renssélaers Wyck which is prospering, with that of Myndert Meyndertsz and Cornelis Molyn, who began first, Also, the Village ( Vieck) N. Amsterdam around the fort, a Hundred families, so that there was appearance of producing supplies in a year for Fourteen thousand Souls, without straining the Country, and were there no want of laborers or Farm servants twice as much could be raised, considering that fifty das/s of Rye and fifty lasts of Peas still remained over around the fort after a large quantity had been burnt and destroyed by the Indians, Who in a short time quickly brought this Country to nought and had well nigh destroyed this good hope, In manner following--

Amsterdam around the fort, a Hundred families, so that there was appearance of producing supplies in a year for Fourteen thousand Souls, without straining the Country, and were there no want of laborers or Farm servants twice as much could be raised, considering that fifty das/s of Rye and fifty lasts of Peas still remained over around the fort after a large quantity had been burnt and destroyed by the Indians, Who in a short time quickly brought this Country to nought and had well nigh destroyed this good hope, In manner following--

The Cause of the New Netherland War and the Sequel thereof.

We have already stated that the cause of the population of N. Netherland was the Liberty to trade with the Indians. We shall now prove that it also is the cause of i's ruin, producing two contrary effects, and that not without reason as shall appear from the following.

----------

JOURNAL OF NEW NETHERLAND. 7

This Liberty then which in every respect was most gratefully received, of which use should have been made as of a precious gift, was very soon perverted to a great abuse. For Every one thought that now the time had come to make his fortune, withdrew himself from his Comrade, as if deeming him suspected and the Enemy of his Desire, Sought communication with the Indians from whom it appeared his profit was to be derived. That created first a division of power of dangerous consequence, in opposition to their Mightinesses' Motto'--produced altogether too much familiarity with the Indians which in a short time brought forth contempt, usually the Father of Hate--not being satisfied with merely taking them into their houses in the customary manner, but attracting them by Extraordinary attention, such as admitting them to the table, laying napkins before them. presenting Wine 'to them and more of that kind of thing, which they did not receive like Esop's man, but as their due and desert, insomuch that they were not content but began to hate when such civilities were not shewn them.

That created first a division of power of dangerous consequence, in opposition to their Mightinesses' Motto'--produced altogether too much familiarity with the Indians which in a short time brought forth contempt, usually the Father of Hate--not being satisfied with merely taking them into their houses in the customary manner, but attracting them by Extraordinary attention, such as admitting them to the table, laying napkins before them. presenting Wine 'to them and more of that kind of thing, which they did not receive like Esop's man, but as their due and desert, insomuch that they were not content but began to hate when such civilities were not shewn them. To this familiarity and freedom succeeded another Evil. As the Cattle usually roamed through the Woods without a Herdsman, they frequently came into the Corn of the Indians which was unfenced on all sides, committing great damage there ; this led to frequent complaints on their part and finally to revenge on the Cattle without sparing even the horses, which were valuable in this Country. Moreover many of our's took the Indians into service, making use in their houses of those in their employ. Thus laying before them our entire circumstances, and sometimes becoming weary of their work, they took leg-bail and stole much more than the amount of their wages, This freedom caused still greater mischief, for the inhabitants of Rensselaerwyck who were as many traders as persons, Perceiving that the Mohawks were craving for guns, which some of them had already received from the English, paying for each as many as Twenty Beavers and for a pound of powder as much as Ten to Twelve guilders, they came down in greater numbers than was their wont where people were well supplied with Guns, purchasing these at a fair price, thus realizing

Thus laying before them our entire circumstances, and sometimes becoming weary of their work, they took leg-bail and stole much more than the amount of their wages, This freedom caused still greater mischief, for the inhabitants of Rensselaerwyck who were as many traders as persons, Perceiving that the Mohawks were craving for guns, which some of them had already received from the English, paying for each as many as Twenty Beavers and for a pound of powder as much as Ten to Twelve guilders, they came down in greater numbers than was their wont where people were well supplied with Guns, purchasing these at a fair price, thus realizing

1 'Eendracht maakt macht" -Union constitutes Strength. Tr.

8 JOURNAL. OF NEW. NETHERLAND.

considerable profit.; afterwards they obtained some from their Heer Patroon for their self defence in time of need, as we suppose. This extraordinary gain was not kept long a secret, the. traders coming from Holland soon got scent of it, and from time to time brought over great quantities, so. that the Mohawks. in a short time were seen with firelocks powder and lead in proportion. Four Hundred armed men knew how to use their advantage, especially against their enemies dwelling along. the river. of Canada, against whom. they have now achieved many profitable forays where before they derived little advantage ; this- causes them also to be respected by the surrounding Indians even.as far as the Sea Coast, who must generally pay them tribute, whereas, on the contrary, they were formerly obliged to contribute. to these, on this account the Indians endeayored no less*to procure Guns, and through the familiarity which existed between. them and our people, they began to Solicit them for Guns and powder, but as such was forbidden on pain of Death and it could. not remain secret in consequence of the general conversation, they could not obtain them.

Four Hundred armed men knew how to use their advantage, especially against their enemies dwelling along. the river. of Canada, against whom. they have now achieved many profitable forays where before they derived little advantage ; this- causes them also to be respected by the surrounding Indians even.as far as the Sea Coast, who must generally pay them tribute, whereas, on the contrary, they were formerly obliged to contribute. to these, on this account the Indians endeayored no less*to procure Guns, and through the familiarity which existed between. them and our people, they began to Solicit them for Guns and powder, but as such was forbidden on pain of Death and it could. not remain secret in consequence of the general conversation, they could not obtain them. This added to the previous contempt greatly augmented the hatred which stimulated them to conspire against us, beginning first by insults which they every where indiscreetly uttered railing at us as Materiotty (that is to say.) the Cowards--that we might indeed, be something on water, but of no account on land, and that we had neither a great Sachem nor Chiefs. [Here two pages are wanting. | he of Witqueschreek living N. E. of the Island Manhatans,} 'perpetrated another murderous deed in the house of an old man? a wheelwright, with whom he was acquainted (having been in his son's service) being well received and supplied with food, pretending a desire to buy something and whilst the old man was taking from the Chest the Cloth the Indian wanted. the latter took up an ax and cut his head off, further plundering the house and ran away. This outrage obliged the Director to demand Satisfaction from. the Sachem who refused it, saying, that he was sorry that twenty Christians had not. been murdered* and_ that

E. of the Island Manhatans,} 'perpetrated another murderous deed in the house of an old man? a wheelwright, with whom he was acquainted (having been in his son's service) being well received and supplied with food, pretending a desire to buy something and whilst the old man was taking from the Chest the Cloth the Indian wanted. the latter took up an ax and cut his head off, further plundering the house and ran away. This outrage obliged the Director to demand Satisfaction from. the Sachem who refused it, saying, that he was sorry that twenty Christians had not. been murdered* and_ that

1 In Westchester county--Tr. 2 Named Claes Cornelis Swits. * Note A. Capt. Patriex, letter 21, August.1641.

"

JOURNAL OF NEW NETHERLAND. 9

this Indian had only avenged the death of his Uncle who had been slain over one and twenty years by the Dutch. Whereupon all the Commonalty were called together by the Director to consider this affair, who all appeared and. presently twelve men delegated from among them* answered the propositions, and resolved at once on war should the murderer be refused ; that the attack should be made on them in the harvest when they were hunting ; meanwhile an effort should be again made. by kindness to obtain justice, which was accordingly several. times sought for but in vain.

The time being come many obstacles arose and operations were postponed until the year 1642, when it was resolved to avenge the perpetrated outrage. Thereupon spies looked up the Indians who lay in their Village suspecting nothing, and eighty men were detailed under the command of Ensign Hendrick Van Dyck and sent thither. The guide being come with the troops in the neighborhood of the Indian Wigwams lost his way in consequence of the darkness of the night.

The time being come many obstacles arose and operations were postponed until the year 1642, when it was resolved to avenge the perpetrated outrage. Thereupon spies looked up the Indians who lay in their Village suspecting nothing, and eighty men were detailed under the command of Ensign Hendrick Van Dyck and sent thither. The guide being come with the troops in the neighborhood of the Indian Wigwams lost his way in consequence of the darkness of the night. The Ensign became impatient, and turned back without having accomplished any thing. The journey, however, was not without effect, for the Indians who remarked by the trail made by our people in marching that

. they had narrowly escaped discovery, sought for peace which was granted them on condition that they should. either deliver up the murderer or inflict justice themselves ; this they promised but. without any result.

Some weeks after this Miantenimo, principal Sachem of Sloops

. bay? came here with one hundred men, passing through all. the Indian Villages} soliciting them to a general War against. both the English and the Duteh,t whereupon some of the neighbouring Indians attempted to set our powder on fire and to poison the Director or to inchant him by their devilry, as their ill will was afterwards made manifest as well in fact as by report. Those of Hackingsack, otherwise called Achter Col, had, with their neighbours killed an Englishman, a servant of one David Pietersen,

* Note B. Their answer and resolution dated the 29th August, 1641. 1 Narragansetts. ;

. bay? came here with one hundred men, passing through all. the Indian Villages} soliciting them to a general War against. both the English and the Duteh,t whereupon some of the neighbouring Indians attempted to set our powder on fire and to poison the Director or to inchant him by their devilry, as their ill will was afterwards made manifest as well in fact as by report. Those of Hackingsack, otherwise called Achter Col, had, with their neighbours killed an Englishman, a servant of one David Pietersen,

* Note B. Their answer and resolution dated the 29th August, 1641. 1 Narragansetts. ;

} Note C. The English Manifest, Page 2.

$ Note D. Capt. Patricx letter dated 2 Jan'y, 1642.

'10 ¥ JOURNAL OF NEW NETHERLAND.

and a few days after shot dead in an equally treacherous manner a Dutchman, who sat roofing a house in the Colonie of Meyndert Meyndertz* having settled there against the advice of the Director and will of the Indians, and by the continual damage which their cattle committed caused no little dissatisfaction to the Indians, and contributed greatly to the War. The Commonalty began then to be alarmed, and not without reason, having the Indians daily in their houses. The murderers were frequently demanded, either living or dead, even with a promise of reward ; 'they always returned a scoffing answer laughing at us. Finally, the Commonalty seriously distrusting the Director, suspecting him of conniving with the Indians, and that an attempt was making to sell Christian blood ;} yea, that the will of the entire Commonalty was surrendered to him, and in as much as he would not avenge blood they should do it, be the consequences what they may. The Director advised Pacham the Sachem, who interested himself in this matter, warning him that we should wait no longer inasmuch as no satisfaction had been given.

Finally, the Commonalty seriously distrusting the Director, suspecting him of conniving with the Indians, and that an attempt was making to sell Christian blood ;} yea, that the will of the entire Commonalty was surrendered to him, and in as much as he would not avenge blood they should do it, be the consequences what they may. The Director advised Pacham the Sachem, who interested himself in this matter, warning him that we should wait no longer inasmuch as no satisfaction had been given.

Meanwhile God wreaked vengeance on those of Witquescheck without our knowledge through the Mahicanders dwelling below Fort Orange, who slew seventeen of of them, and made prisoners of many Women and Children, the remainder fled through a deep snow to the Christians' houses on and around the Island Manhatens. They were most humanely received being half dead of cold and hunger ; they supported them for fourteen days, even some of the Director's corn was sent to them. A short time after, another panic seized the Indians which caused them to fly to divers places in the vicinity of the Dutch. This opportunity to avenge innocent blood, induced some of the twelve men to represent to the Director that it was now time, whereupon they received for answer that they should put their request in writing which was done by three in the name of them all,t by a petition to be allowed to attack those of Hackingsack in two divisions-- on the Manhatens and on Pavonia. This was granted after a protracted discussion too long to be reported here, so that the

This opportunity to avenge innocent blood, induced some of the twelve men to represent to the Director that it was now time, whereupon they received for answer that they should put their request in writing which was done by three in the name of them all,t by a petition to be allowed to attack those of Hackingsack in two divisions-- on the Manhatens and on Pavonia. This was granted after a protracted discussion too long to be reported here, so that the

* Note E. The order in the Director's letter and in the deposition thereupon. ft Note F. Resolve of the 12 delegates dated 21 Jan'y, 1642. ¢ Note G. Their Petition dated 24th Feb. 1643.

Are | | aa) = fe LDK

JOURNAL OF NEW NETHERLAND. ld

Design was executed that same night, the Burghers slew those who lay a small mile from the fort, ! and the soldiers those at Pavonia, at which two places about Eighty Indians were killed and thirty taken prisoners. Next-morning before the return of the troops a man and a woman were shot at Pavonia who had come through curiosity either to look at, or plunder, the dead ; the soldiers had rescued a young child which the woman had in her arms.

The Christians residing on Long Island also requested by petition* to be allowed to attack and slay the Indians thereabout ; which was refused, as these especially had done us no harm, and shewed us every friendship--( Yea, had even voluntarily Killed some of the Raritans, our enemies, hereinbefore mentioned) Yet, notwithstanding} some Christians attempted secretly with two waggons to steal maize from these Indians which they perceiving endeavored to prevent, thereupon three Indians were shot dead, two houses standing opposite the fort were in return forthwith set on fire.

The Christians residing on Long Island also requested by petition* to be allowed to attack and slay the Indians thereabout ; which was refused, as these especially had done us no harm, and shewed us every friendship--( Yea, had even voluntarily Killed some of the Raritans, our enemies, hereinbefore mentioned) Yet, notwithstanding} some Christians attempted secretly with two waggons to steal maize from these Indians which they perceiving endeavored to prevent, thereupon three Indians were shot dead, two houses standing opposite the fort were in return forthwith set on fire. The Director knowing nought of this sent at once some persons to enquire the reason of it. The Indians shewing themselves afar off, called out--Be ye our friends? ye are mere corn stealers---making them also parties. This induced one of the proprietors of the burnt houses to upbraid therewith one Maryn Adriaenzen, who at his request had led the freemen in the attack on the Indians, and who being reinforced by an English troop had afterwards undertaken two bootless Expeditions in the open field--imagining that the Director had accused him, he being one of the signers of the petition he determined to revenge himself.f{ With this resolution he proceeded to the Director's house armed with a Pistol, loaded and cocked, and a hanger by his side; coming unawares into the Director's room, he presents his Pistol at him, saying, What devilish lies art thou reporting of me? but by the promptness of one of the bystanders, the shot was prevented, and he arrested. A short time after, Marine's man and another entered the fort,

This induced one of the proprietors of the burnt houses to upbraid therewith one Maryn Adriaenzen, who at his request had led the freemen in the attack on the Indians, and who being reinforced by an English troop had afterwards undertaken two bootless Expeditions in the open field--imagining that the Director had accused him, he being one of the signers of the petition he determined to revenge himself.f{ With this resolution he proceeded to the Director's house armed with a Pistol, loaded and cocked, and a hanger by his side; coming unawares into the Director's room, he presents his Pistol at him, saying, What devilish lies art thou reporting of me? but by the promptness of one of the bystanders, the shot was prevented, and he arrested. A short time after, Marine's man and another entered the fort,

1 At Corlaer's Hook. Tr.

* Note H. Their petition and the answer thereto, dated 27 Feb. 1648. ¢t Note IJ. Contains the information thereupon.

{ Note K. His trial therefor.

12 JOURNAL OF NEW NETHERLAND.

each carrying a loaded gun and pistol--the first fired at the Director who having had notice withdrew towards his house, the balls passing into the walls alongside the door behind him; the sentinel firing immediately on him who had discharged his gun, brought him down. Shortly afterwards some of the Commonalty collected before the Director, riotously demanding the prisoner ; they were answered that their request should be presented in order and in writing, which about 25 men did, they ' therein asked the Director to pardon the Criminal. The matters were referred to them to decide conscientiously thereupon. In such wise that they immediately went forth, without hearing parties or seeing any complaints or documents : They condemn him in a fine of Five Hundred guilders, and to remain three months away from.the Manhatens, but on account of the importance of the affair and some Considerations, it was resolved to send the Criminal, with his trial toHolland which + +...

Shortly afterwards some of the Commonalty collected before the Director, riotously demanding the prisoner ; they were answered that their request should be presented in order and in writing, which about 25 men did, they ' therein asked the Director to pardon the Criminal. The matters were referred to them to decide conscientiously thereupon. In such wise that they immediately went forth, without hearing parties or seeing any complaints or documents : They condemn him in a fine of Five Hundred guilders, and to remain three months away from.the Manhatens, but on account of the importance of the affair and some Considerations, it was resolved to send the Criminal, with his trial toHolland which + +... In this Confusion mingled with great terror passed the winter away ; the Season came for driving out the Cattle ; this obliged many to desire Peace. On the other hand the Indians seeing also that it was time to plant maize, were not less solicitous for peace so that after some negotiation, Peace was concluded in May A°. 1643 only in consequence of the importunity of some and the opinion entertained by others that it would be durable. The Indians kept still after this Peace, associating daily with our People, Yea, even the greatest Chiefs came to visit the Director. Meanwhile Pachem a crafty man, ran through all the - Villages urging the Indians to a general massacre, thereupon it happened that certain Indians called Wappingers, dwelling sizteen miles up the River,with whom we never had any the least trouble, seized on a boat coming from Fort Orange wherein were only two men, and full four hundred Beavers. This great Booty stimulated* others to follow their example, so that they seized two boats more, intending to overhaul the fourth also, from which they were driven off with the loss of six Indians.

Meanwhile Pachem a crafty man, ran through all the - Villages urging the Indians to a general massacre, thereupon it happened that certain Indians called Wappingers, dwelling sizteen miles up the River,with whom we never had any the least trouble, seized on a boat coming from Fort Orange wherein were only two men, and full four hundred Beavers. This great Booty stimulated* others to follow their example, so that they seized two boats more, intending to overhaul the fourth also, from which they were driven off with the loss of six Indians. Nine Christians including two women were murdered in these Captured barks, one woman and two children remaining prisoners, The other

* Note M. Their acknowledgment made before the English 16 January, 1648 ; English style. x x

JOURNAL OF NEW NETHERLAND. 18

Indians, so soon as their maize was ripe--followed this example, and through semblance of selling Beavers killed an old man and woman, leaving another man with five wounds who however fled to the fort in a boat with a little child on his arm, who in the first outbreak had lost Father & Mother, And now. grandfather and grandmother, being thus twice through God's merciful blessing rescued from the hands of the Indians, first when two years old ; Nothing was now heard but murders most of which were committed under pretence of coming to put the Christians on their guard.

Finally they took the field and attacked the bouweries at Pavonia. There were here at the time, two ships of war and a privateer who saved considerable Cattle and Grain. Probably it was not possible to prevent the destruction of four bouweries on Pavonia, which were burnt, not by open force, but by stealthily creeping through the brush with fire in hand thus igniting the roofs which are all either of reed or straw ; one covered with plank was repeatedly saved.

Finally they took the field and attacked the bouweries at Pavonia. There were here at the time, two ships of war and a privateer who saved considerable Cattle and Grain. Probably it was not possible to prevent the destruction of four bouweries on Pavonia, which were burnt, not by open force, but by stealthily creeping through the brush with fire in hand thus igniting the roofs which are all either of reed or straw ; one covered with plank was repeatedly saved.

The Commonalty were called together, they were sore distressed. , They chose eight, in the stead of the previous Twelve,* persons to aid in consulting for the best ; but the occupation every one had to take care of his own, prevented anything beneficial being adopted at that time nevertheless it was resolved that as many Englishmen as were in the Country should be enlisted w lo were indeed now proposing to depart ; the third part of these were to be paid by the Commonalty ; this promise was made by the Commonalty but was not followed by the pay.

Terror inereasing all over the land the eight men assembled, drewt up a proposal in writing wherein they demanded that delegates should be sent to the North, to our English neighbours, to request an auxiliary force of One hundred and fifty men, for whose pay a bill of Exchange should be given for twenty five thousand guilders, and that N. Netherland should be so long

/ mortgaged to the English as security for the payment thereof (one of the most influential among the eight men had by lettert

Terror inereasing all over the land the eight men assembled, drewt up a proposal in writing wherein they demanded that delegates should be sent to the North, to our English neighbours, to request an auxiliary force of One hundred and fifty men, for whose pay a bill of Exchange should be given for twenty five thousand guilders, and that N. Netherland should be so long

/ mortgaged to the English as security for the payment thereof (one of the most influential among the eight men had by lettert

* Note N. Resolve of 18 Sept'r. 1648, + Note O. Dated 6th Octob. 1648. { Note P. Dated 9th March, 1648.

14 JOURNAL OF NEW NETHERLAND.

enforced by precedents previously endeavored to persuade the Director to this course, as they had also a few days before resolved* that the Provisions destined for Curagao should be unloaded from the vessels and the major portion of the men belonging to them detained, and to send the Ships away thus empty. This was not agreed to nor considered Expedient by

the Director. [Here four pages are wanting. |

[An expedition was despatched consisting of soldiers ] under the command of the Sergeant, XL Burghers under their Captain Jochem Pietersen, XX XV Englishmen under Lieutenant Baxter, but to prevent all confusion, Councillor La Montagne was appointed general. Coming to Staten Island, they marched the whole night ; the houses were empty and abandoned by the Indians ; they got 5 or 6 hundred skepels of corn, burning the remainder without accomplishing any thing else.

[An expedition was despatched consisting of soldiers ] under the command of the Sergeant, XL Burghers under their Captain Jochem Pietersen, XX XV Englishmen under Lieutenant Baxter, but to prevent all confusion, Councillor La Montagne was appointed general. Coming to Staten Island, they marched the whole night ; the houses were empty and abandoned by the Indians ; they got 5 or 6 hundred skepels of corn, burning the remainder without accomplishing any thing else.

Mayane, a Sachem, residing 8 miles N. E. of us, between Greenwich (that lies within our jurisdiction) and Stantfort, which is English,--a fierce Indian who alone dared to attack with bow and arrows, three Christians armed with guns one of whom he shot dead ; whilst engaged with the other, he was killed by the third Christian and his head brought hither. It was then known and understood for the first time, that he and his Indians had done us much injury, though we never had any difference with him. Understanding further that they lay in their houses very quiet and without suspicion in the neighborhood of the English, it was determined to hunt them up, and attack them and one hundred and twenty men were sent thither under the preceding command. The people landed at Greenwich in the evening from three Yachts, marched the entire night but could not find the Indians, either because the Guide had given warning or had himself gone astray. Retreat was made to. the Yachts in order to depart as secretly as possible, passing through Stantfort some Englishmen were encountered who offered to lead ours to the place where some Indians were, thereupon four scouts were Sent in divers directions, to discover them, who at their return,

The people landed at Greenwich in the evening from three Yachts, marched the entire night but could not find the Indians, either because the Guide had given warning or had himself gone astray. Retreat was made to. the Yachts in order to depart as secretly as possible, passing through Stantfort some Englishmen were encountered who offered to lead ours to the place where some Indians were, thereupon four scouts were Sent in divers directions, to discover them, who at their return,

* Note Q. In their resolution 30th September, 1643

JOURNAL OF NEWp NETHERLAND. 15 aid

reported that the Indians had some notice of our people by the salute which the Englishmen gave us, but without any certainty, whereupon five and twenty of the bravest men were at once commanded to proceed thither to the nearest village, with great diligence they made the journey killing 18 or 20 Indians, capturing an old man, two women and some children, to exchange for ours. The other troops on coming hither immediately in the yachts, found the huts empty.

The old Indian, captured above, having promised to lead us to Wetquescheck which consisted of three Castles, sixty five men were despatched under Baxter and Pieter Cock, who found them empty though thirty Indians could have stood against Two Hundred Soldiers inasmuch as they were constructed of plank five inches thick nine feet high and braced around with thick balk full of port holes. Our people burnt two, reserving the third for a retreat. Marching 8 or 9 miles further, they discovered nothing but some huts, which they could not surprize as they were discovered--they came back having killed only one or two Indians, taken some women and Children prisoners -and burnt some corn. Meanwhile, we were advised that Pennewitz,? one of the oldest and most experienced Indians in the Country, and who, in the first Conspiracy, had given the most dangerous Council, To wit, that they should wait and not attack the Dutch until all suspicion had been lulled, and then divide themselves equally through the houses of the Christians and slaughter all these in one night--was secretly v. aging war against us with his tribe who killed some of our people and set fire to the houses.

Meanwhile, we were advised that Pennewitz,? one of the oldest and most experienced Indians in the Country, and who, in the first Conspiracy, had given the most dangerous Council, To wit, that they should wait and not attack the Dutch until all suspicion had been lulled, and then divide themselves equally through the houses of the Christians and slaughter all these in one night--was secretly v. aging war against us with his tribe who killed some of our people and set fire to the houses. It was, therefore, resolved to send thither a troop of one hundred and twenty men, the Burghers under their Company, the English under the Sergeant Major Vander Hy]? (who within a few days had offered his services and was accepted), the veteran soldiers under Pieter Cock, all under the command of M' La Montagne, to proceed hence in three Yachts, Land in Scouts Bay on Long Island, march towards Heemstede (where there is an English Colonie dependant onus.) Some sent forward in advance dexterously killed an Indian who was out as a Spy ;

1 Chief of the Canarsee tribe, Kings sey L. I. Ed. 2 Capt. John Underhill. Ed.

16 JOURNAL OF NEW NETHERLAND.

our force was divided into two divisions--Van der Hil 'with fourteen English towards the smallest, and Eighty men towards the largest village named Matsepe, both which were very successful, killing about one hundred and Twenty men ; of ours one man remained on the field and three were wounded.

Our forces being returned from this expedition, Capt Van der Hil was despatched to Stantfort, to get some information there of the Indians. He reported that the Guide who had formerly Served us, and had gone astray in the night, was now in great danger of his life from the Indians of whom there were about five hundred together.

our force was divided into two divisions--Van der Hil 'with fourteen English towards the smallest, and Eighty men towards the largest village named Matsepe, both which were very successful, killing about one hundred and Twenty men ; of ours one man remained on the field and three were wounded.

Our forces being returned from this expedition, Capt Van der Hil was despatched to Stantfort, to get some information there of the Indians. He reported that the Guide who had formerly Served us, and had gone astray in the night, was now in great danger of his life from the Indians of whom there were about five hundred together. He offered to lead us there, to shew that the former mischance was not his fault. One hundred and thirty men were accordingly despatched under the aforesaid Gen! Van der Hil and Hendrick van Dyck Ensign. They embarked in three Yachts, landed at Greenwich, where they were obliged to pass the night by reason of the great Snow and Storm ; in the morning they marched N. W. up over Stony Hills over which some must creep, in the evening about eight o'clock they came within a mile of the Indians, and inasmuch as they should have arrived too early and had to cross two Rivers, one of Two' hundred feet wide and three deep, and that the men could not afterwards rest in consequence of the cold, it was determined to remain there until about ten o'clock. The order was given as to the mode to be observed in attacking the Indians--they marched forward towards the houses, being three rows set up street fashion, each Eighty paces long, in a low recess of the mountain, affording complete shelter from the N. W. wind. 'The - moon was then at the full, and threw a strong light against the mountain so that many winters days were not brighter than it then was.

W. up over Stony Hills over which some must creep, in the evening about eight o'clock they came within a mile of the Indians, and inasmuch as they should have arrived too early and had to cross two Rivers, one of Two' hundred feet wide and three deep, and that the men could not afterwards rest in consequence of the cold, it was determined to remain there until about ten o'clock. The order was given as to the mode to be observed in attacking the Indians--they marched forward towards the houses, being three rows set up street fashion, each Eighty paces long, in a low recess of the mountain, affording complete shelter from the N. W. wind. 'The - moon was then at the full, and threw a strong light against the mountain so that many winters days were not brighter than it then was. On arriving there the Indians were wide awake, and on their guard, so that ours determined to charge and surround the houses, sword in hand. They demeaned themselves as soldiers and deployed in small bands, so that we got in a short time one dead and twelve wounded. They were also so hard pressed that it was impossible for one to escape. Ina brief space of time there were counted One hundred and Eighty dead outside the houses. Presently none durst come forth, keeping within the houses, discharging arrows through the holes. The General

JOURNAL OF NEW NETHERLAND. 17

remarked that nothing else was to be done, resolved with Sergeant Major Van der Hil, to set the huts on fire ee the Indians tried every means to escape, not succeeding in which they' returned back to the flames preferring to perish by the fire than to die by our hands. What was most wonderful is, that among this vast collection of Men, Women and Children not one was heard to cry or to screahh.

remarked that nothing else was to be done, resolved with Sergeant Major Van der Hil, to set the huts on fire ee the Indians tried every means to escape, not succeeding in which they' returned back to the flames preferring to perish by the fire than to die by our hands. What was most wonderful is, that among this vast collection of Men, Women and Children not one was heard to cry or to screahh. According to the report of the Indians themselves the number then destroyed exceeded five hundred. Some say, full 700, among whom were also, 25 Wappingers, our God having collected together there the greater number of our Enemies, to celebrate one of their festivals, from which escaped no more than eight men in all, of whom even three were severely wounded.

The fight ended, several fires were built in consequence of ° the great cold, the wounded, 15 in number, dressed, and sentinels being posted by the General the troops bivouacked there for the remainder of the night. Ox the next day, the party set out much refreshed in good order, so as to arrive at Stantford in the evening. They marched with great courage over that wearisome mountain, God affording extraordinary strength to the wounded some of whom were badly hurt; coming in the afternoon to Stantfort after a march of two days and one night and little rest. The English received our people in a very friendly manner, affording them every comfort. In two days they reached here. A Thanks-giving was proclaimed on their arrival.

Ox the next day, the party set out much refreshed in good order, so as to arrive at Stantford in the evening. They marched with great courage over that wearisome mountain, God affording extraordinary strength to the wounded some of whom were badly hurt; coming in the afternoon to Stantfort after a march of two days and one night and little rest. The English received our people in a very friendly manner, affording them every comfort. In two days they reached here. A Thanks-giving was proclaimed on their arrival.

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I.

DESCRIPTION NEW NETHERLAND,

1644.

By Father Isaac Jocuus, Jesuit Missionary.

The Rey. Isaac Joguzs, the author of the following early notice of New York was born at Orleans in France 10th Jany 1607, in which city he received the rudiments of his education. He entered the Jesuit Society at Rouen in Oct. 1624 and removed to the College of La Fletche in 1627. He completed his divinity at Clermont College, Paris, and was ordained Priest in February 1636 in the Spring of which year he embarked asa Missionary for Canada and arrived at Quebec on the 2nd of July.

Isaac Joguzs, the author of the following early notice of New York was born at Orleans in France 10th Jany 1607, in which city he received the rudiments of his education. He entered the Jesuit Society at Rouen in Oct. 1624 and removed to the College of La Fletche in 1627. He completed his divinity at Clermont College, Paris, and was ordained Priest in February 1636 in the Spring of which year he embarked asa Missionary for Canada and arrived at Quebec on the 2nd of July. After a sojourn of a few weeks in that city he proceeded to the Huron country on the 24 Aug. and arrived dt the new field of his labors about the 12th September.' In 1641 he visited Pauoitigouetuhak, or " the place of the Shallow Cataract," as the Falls of St Mary were originally called, on an invitation of some O-jibways but made only a brief stay there and returned to Quebec in 1642. He reembarked on the first of August of that year for the Huron Mission but, on his way, was captured by a party of Mohawks who had lain in ambush for his party, and was hurried off a prisoner to the enemy's country. Here he suffered every torture short of the stake, and had to witness the cruel deaths of many of his companions. On the 31st July 1648, after a year's captivity he succeeded in evading the vigilance of his captors, and escaped to the Dutch at Fort Orange (Albany) by whom he was most cordially received and most humanely treated. Thither his Savage masters followed him, but the Dutch preferred ransoming to surrendering him and forwarded him to New Amsterdam, where he was suitably received by Gov. Kieft, furnished with every necessary and a passage to France.

On the 31st July 1648, after a year's captivity he succeeded in evading the vigilance of his captors, and escaped to the Dutch at Fort Orange (Albany) by whom he was most cordially received and most humanely treated. Thither his Savage masters followed him, but the Dutch preferred ransoming to surrendering him and forwarded him to New Amsterdam, where he was suitably received by Gov. Kieft, furnished with every necessary and a passage to France. After having been shipwrecked on the coast of England and again stripped of all he had, he tinally reached the French coast in utter destitution.

His stay in New Netherland from August 1642 to Nov. 1648 enabled him to draw up the present interesting sketch of that country.

After recruiting his shattered strength, and experiencing every attention at Court and at the hands of his religious Superiors, he returned to Canada and wag stationed at Montreal. On peace being concluded with the Mohawks, Father Jogues was selected as ambassador to their country to exchange ratifications. He set out 16th May 1646, passed through. Lakes Champlain and George (to the latter of which he gave the name of St Sacrement), and reached Fort Orange on 4th June, and proceeded thence to the Village of Onewgiwre. He tarried here but a short time, having left on the 16th, on his return to Three Rivers, where he arrived on the 29th.

He set out again on the 27th September for the Mohawk country in his true character, as a Missionary of the Gospel, with a deep presentiment of not returning. He entered Gandawage or Gannawage, the scene of his former captivity, on the 17th October and was received with blows! A revolution "had passed over the Savage mind. Jogues, on his departure in J une, had left a box in one of the lodges, containing some trifling necessaries.

He set out again on the 27th September for the Mohawk country in his true character, as a Missionary of the Gospel, with a deep presentiment of not returning. He entered Gandawage or Gannawage, the scene of his former captivity, on the 17th October and was received with blows! A revolution "had passed over the Savage mind. Jogues, on his departure in J une, had left a box in one of the lodges, containing some trifling necessaries. Harvest came but it was discovered that the worm had visited the Indians' fields and devoured the crop. Jogues' box it was to their humble capacities that contained the Evil Spirit which thus laid waste their country, and in revenge the Christian Missionary was doomed to die. In the evening of the 18th he was invited to sup in one of the cabins. . On entering the door he received a blow on the head and fell dead on the ground. His lifeless body was at once decapitated; the head fixed on the palisades of the village and the trunk cast into the Mohawk river. 2

Thus fell, in the 40th year of his age, the first Catholic Missionary in New York. It is supposed that he was slain at Caughnawaga, in Montgomery co., which in the Annals of Religion was afterwards known as the '' Mission of the Martyrs." A copy of the original French MS. and the following Translation, were presented to the Regents of the University, by the Rev. Father Manrrin, Superior of the Jesuitsin Canada. Ep.

His lifeless body was at once decapitated; the head fixed on the palisades of the village and the trunk cast into the Mohawk river. 2

Thus fell, in the 40th year of his age, the first Catholic Missionary in New York. It is supposed that he was slain at Caughnawaga, in Montgomery co., which in the Annals of Religion was afterwards known as the '' Mission of the Martyrs." A copy of the original French MS. and the following Translation, were presented to the Regents of the University, by the Rev. Father Manrrin, Superior of the Jesuitsin Canada. Ep.

; NEW NETHERLAND IN: 1644.

By Rey. Isaac Jogues, S. J.

* New Hoxtanp which the Dutch call in Latin Voown Belgium: in their own language Nieuw Nederland, that is to say, New Low Countries, is situated between Virginia and New England. The mouth of the river called by some Nassau river or the great North river (to distinguish it from another which they call the South river) and which in some maps that I have recently seen is also called, I think, River Maurice, is at 40° 30'. Its channel is deep, fit for the largest ships that ascend to Manhattes Island, which is seven leagues in circuit, and on which there is a fort to serve as the commencement of a town to be built there and to be called New Amsterdam.

This fort which is at the point of the island about five or six leagues from the mouth, is called Fort Amsterdam ; it has four regular bastions mounted with several pieces of artillery. All these bastions and the curtains were in 1643 but ramparts of earth, most of which had crumbled away, so that the fort could be entered on all sides. There were no ditches.

Its channel is deep, fit for the largest ships that ascend to Manhattes Island, which is seven leagues in circuit, and on which there is a fort to serve as the commencement of a town to be built there and to be called New Amsterdam.

This fort which is at the point of the island about five or six leagues from the mouth, is called Fort Amsterdam ; it has four regular bastions mounted with several pieces of artillery. All these bastions and the curtains were in 1643 but ramparts of earth, most of which had crumbled away, so that the fort could be entered on all sides. There were no ditches. There were sixty soldiers to garrison the said fort and another which they had built still further up against the incursions of the savages their enemies. They were beginning to face the gates and bastions with stone. Within this fort stood a pretty large church built of stone; the house of the Governor, whom they called Director General, quite neatly built of brick, the storehouses and barracks.

On this island of Manhate and in its environs there may well be four or five hundred men of different sects and nations; the Director General told me that there were persons there of eighteen different languages ; they are scattered here and there on the river, above and below as the beauty and convenience of the spot invited each to settle, some mechanics however who ply their trades are ranged under the fort; all the others were

On this island of Manhate and in its environs there may well be four or five hundred men of different sects and nations; the Director General told me that there were persons there of eighteen different languages ; they are scattered here and there on the river, above and below as the beauty and convenience of the spot invited each to settle, some mechanics however who ply their trades are ranged under the fort; all the others were

22 A DESCRIPTION OF NEW NETHERLAND.

exposed to the incursions of the natives, who in the year 1643, while I was there actually killed some two score Hollanders and burnt many houses and barns full of wheat.

The river, which is very straight and runs due north and south, is at least a: league broad before the fort. Ships lie at anchor in a bay which forms the other side of the island and can be defended from the fort.

Shortly before I arrived there three large vessels of'300 'tons each had come to load wheat ; two had found cargoes, the third could not be loaded because the savages had burnt ja part of their grain. These ships came from the West Indies where the West India Company usually keeps up seventeen ships of war.

Wo religion is publicly exercised but the Calvinist, and orders 'are to. admit none but Calvinists, but this is 'not observed, for there are, besides Calvinists, in the Colony Catholies, English Puritans, Lutherans, Anabaptists, here called Maistes &e.

Shortly before I arrived there three large vessels of'300 'tons each had come to load wheat ; two had found cargoes, the third could not be loaded because the savages had burnt ja part of their grain. These ships came from the West Indies where the West India Company usually keeps up seventeen ships of war.

Wo religion is publicly exercised but the Calvinist, and orders 'are to. admit none but Calvinists, but this is 'not observed, for there are, besides Calvinists, in the Colony Catholies, English Puritans, Lutherans, Anabaptists, here called Maistes &e.

When any one comes to settle in the country, they lend him horses, cows &¢, they give him provisions, all which he repays as soon as he is at ease, and as to the land he pays in to the West India Company after ten years the tenth of the produce which he reaps.

This country is bounded on the New England. side by. a-river 'they call the Fresche river, which serves as a boundary between them andthe English. The English however come very near to them, preferring to hold lands under the Dutch who ask nothing from them rather than to be dependant on: English Lords who exact rents and would fain be absolute. . On: the other side southward. towards Virginia, its limits are the river Which they callthe South river on which there:is also a Dutch settlement, but the Swedes have at its mouth another extremely well provided with men and cannon. It is believed that these Swedes. are maintained by some merchants of Amsterdam, who are not satisfied that the West India Company should alone enjoy all the commerce of these parts. . It is near this river that a gold mine.is reported to have been found. .

On: the other side southward. towards Virginia, its limits are the river Which they callthe South river on which there:is also a Dutch settlement, but the Swedes have at its mouth another extremely well provided with men and cannon. It is believed that these Swedes. are maintained by some merchants of Amsterdam, who are not satisfied that the West India Company should alone enjoy all the commerce of these parts. . It is near this river that a gold mine.is reported to have been found. .

_ See in the work of the Sieur de Laet of Antwerp the table and article on New Belgium ag he sometimes calls it or. the map ; Nova Anglia, Novi Belgium et Virginia.

A DESCRIPTION OF NEW NETHERLAND. 23

It'is about fifty years since the Hollanders came to these parts. The fort was begun in.the year 1615: they began to settle about twenty years ago and there is already some little commerce with Virginia and New England. '

The first comers found lands fit for use,'formerly cleared by the savages who previously had fields here. 'Those who'came later have cleared in the woods, which are mostly of oak. The ~ soil is good. Deer hunting is abundant in the fall. There are some houses built of stone; they make lime of oyster shells, great heaps of which are found here made formerly by the savages, who subsisted in part by this fishery.

The climate is very mild. Lying at 402° degrees; there are many European fruits, as apples, pears, cherries. I reached there in October, and found even then a considerable quantity of peaches.

The ~ soil is good. Deer hunting is abundant in the fall. There are some houses built of stone; they make lime of oyster shells, great heaps of which are found here made formerly by the savages, who subsisted in part by this fishery.

The climate is very mild. Lying at 402° degrees; there are many European fruits, as apples, pears, cherries. I reached there in October, and found even then a considerable quantity of peaches.

Ascending the river to the 434 degree you find the second Dutch settlement, which the flux and reflux reaches but does not pass, Ships of a hundred and a hundred and twenty tons can ascend to it.

There are two things in this settlement, which is called Renselaerswick, as if to say the colony of Renselaer, who isa rich Amsterdam merchant: 1st a wretched little fort. called: Ft Orenge, built of logs with four or five pieces of cannon of Breteuil and as many swivels. This has been reserved and is maintained by the West India Company. This fort was formerly on an island in the river, it is now on the main land towards the Hiroquois, a little above the saidisland. 2»4!y, a colonie sent here by this Renselaer, who is the Patroon. This colonie is composed of about a hundred persons, who reside in some 25 or 80 houses, built along the river, as each one found it most convenient. In the principal house resides the Patroon's agent, the minister has his apart, in which service is performed. There is also a kind of bailiff here whom they call Sénéschal, who administers justice., All their houses are merely of boards and thatched. As yet'there is no mason work, except in the chimneys. The forests furnishing many large pines, they make boards by means of their mills which they have for the purpose.

This colonie is composed of about a hundred persons, who reside in some 25 or 80 houses, built along the river, as each one found it most convenient. In the principal house resides the Patroon's agent, the minister has his apart, in which service is performed. There is also a kind of bailiff here whom they call Sénéschal, who administers justice., All their houses are merely of boards and thatched. As yet'there is no mason work, except in the chimneys. The forests furnishing many large pines, they make boards by means of their mills which they have for the purpose.

They found some pieces of ground all ready, which the

24 A DESCRIPTION OF NEW NETHERLAND. ] ' :

savages. had formerly prepared and in which they sow wheat and oats for beer and for their horses, of which they have a great stock. There is little land fit for tillage, being crowded by hills which are bad soil. This obliges them to be seperated the one from the other, and they occupy already two or three leagues of country.

_ Trade is free to all, this gives the Indians all things cheap, each of the Hollanders outbidding his neighbor and being satisfied provided he can gain some little profit.

This settlement is not more than twenty leagues from the Agniehronons, who can be reached either by land or by water, as the river on which the Iroquois lie falls into that which passes by the Dutch; but there are many shallow rapids and a fall of a short half league where the canoe has to be carried.

_ Trade is free to all, this gives the Indians all things cheap, each of the Hollanders outbidding his neighbor and being satisfied provided he can gain some little profit.

This settlement is not more than twenty leagues from the Agniehronons, who can be reached either by land or by water, as the river on which the Iroquois lie falls into that which passes by the Dutch; but there are many shallow rapids and a fall of a short half league where the canoe has to be carried.

There are many nations between the two Dutch settlements, which are about thirty German leagues apart, that is about 50 or 60 French leagues. The Loups, whom the Troquois call Agotsagenens, are the nearest to Renselaerwick and Ft Orange. War breaking out some years ago between the Troquois and the Loups, the Dutch joined the latter against the former, but four having been taken and burnt they made peace. Some nations near the sea having murdered some Hollanders of the most distant settlement, the Hollanders killed 150 Indians, men, women and children ; the latter having killed at divers intervals 40 Dutchmen, burnt several houses and committed ravages, estimated at the time that I was there at 200,000 liv. (two hundred thousand livres) troops were raised in New England, and in the beginning of winter the grass being low and some snow on the ground they pursued them with six hundred men, keeping two hundred always on the move and constantly relieving each other, so that the Indians, pent up in a large island and finding it impossible to escape, on account of the women and children, were cut to pieces to the number of sixteen hundred, women and children included. This obliged the rest of the Indians to make peace, which still continues.

Some nations near the sea having murdered some Hollanders of the most distant settlement, the Hollanders killed 150 Indians, men, women and children ; the latter having killed at divers intervals 40 Dutchmen, burnt several houses and committed ravages, estimated at the time that I was there at 200,000 liv. (two hundred thousand livres) troops were raised in New England, and in the beginning of winter the grass being low and some snow on the ground they pursued them with six hundred men, keeping two hundred always on the move and constantly relieving each other, so that the Indians, pent up in a large island and finding it impossible to escape, on account of the women and children, were cut to pieces to the number of sixteen hundred, women and children included. This obliged the rest of the Indians to make peace, which still continues. This occurred in 1643 and 1644,

Three Rivers in New France, August 34, 1646,

Iii.

INFORMATION

LAND IN NEW NETHERLAND.

By Cornetis Van Tiennoven,

Secretary of the Province. 1650. Be ae ee Ea ta

Translated from the Dutch.

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INFORMATION RELATIVE TO TAKING UP LAND IN NEW NETHERLAND, IN THE FORM OF COLONIES OR PRIVATE BOWERIES. 1650.

[Hol. Doc. V.J

If any man be disposed to begin either by himself or others, Colonies, Bouweries or Plantations in New Netherland, lying in the Latitude of one and forty degrees anda half, he shall first have to inform himself fully of the situation of the lands lying on rivers, havens and Bays, in order thus to select the most suitable and particularly the most convenient grounds: It is therefore to be borne in mind that the lands in New Netherland are not all level & flat and adapted to raising of grain, inasmuch as they are, with the exception of some few flatts, generally covered with timber, in divers places also with large & small stones.

If any man be disposed to begin either by himself or others, Colonies, Bouweries or Plantations in New Netherland, lying in the Latitude of one and forty degrees anda half, he shall first have to inform himself fully of the situation of the lands lying on rivers, havens and Bays, in order thus to select the most suitable and particularly the most convenient grounds: It is therefore to be borne in mind that the lands in New Netherland are not all level & flat and adapted to raising of grain, inasmuch as they are, with the exception of some few flatts, generally covered with timber, in divers places also with large & small stones.

In order, then first to describe those lands which are actually the most convenient and best adapted for early occupancy, where and how located, I shall enumerate the following places, and commend the remainder to the consideration of proprietors of this country.

I begin then at the most easterly corner of Long Island, being. a point situate on the Main Ocean, inclosing within, westward, a large inland sea' adorned with divers fair havens and bays, fit for all sorts of craft; this Point is entirely covered with Trees, without any flatts and is somewhat hilly and stoney, very convenient for Cod fishing, which is most successfully followed by the Natives during the Season.

This Point is also well adapted to secure the trade of the Indians in Wampum (the mine of New Netherland) since in and about the abovementioned sea and the islands therein situate, lie the cockles whereof Wampum is made from which great profit could be realized by those who would planta Colonie or hamlet

I begin then at the most easterly corner of Long Island, being. a point situate on the Main Ocean, inclosing within, westward, a large inland sea' adorned with divers fair havens and bays, fit for all sorts of craft; this Point is entirely covered with Trees, without any flatts and is somewhat hilly and stoney, very convenient for Cod fishing, which is most successfully followed by the Natives during the Season.

This Point is also well adapted to secure the trade of the Indians in Wampum (the mine of New Netherland) since in and about the abovementioned sea and the islands therein situate, lie the cockles whereof Wampum is made from which great profit could be realized by those who would planta Colonie or hamlet

1 Gardner's Bay. Tr,

28 INFORMATION RELATIVE TO

on the aforesaid hook for the cultivation of the land, for raising all sorts of cattle, for fishing, and the Wampum trade.

It would be necessary, in such case, to settle on the aforesaid land some persons thoroughly conversant with agriculture and others with the fishery.

Oysterbay, so called from the great abundance of fine and delicate oysters which are found there. This bay is about a short mile across, or in width at the mouth ; deep and navigable, - without either rocks or sands, runs westward in proportion, and

divides itself into two rivers, which are broad and clear, on

which said rivers lie fine maize lands, formerly cultivated by the Indians, some of which they still work ; they could be had for a

Oysterbay, so called from the great abundance of fine and delicate oysters which are found there. This bay is about a short mile across, or in width at the mouth ; deep and navigable, - without either rocks or sands, runs westward in proportion, and

divides itself into two rivers, which are broad and clear, on

which said rivers lie fine maize lands, formerly cultivated by the Indians, some of which they still work ; they could be had for a

trifle. This land is situate on such beautiful bay, and rivers that

it could at little cost be converted into good farms fit for the

plough ; there are here, also, some fine hay valleys.

Martin Gerritsen's bay or Martinnehouck, is much deeper and wider than Oyster bay, and runs westward in, divides into three rivers, two of which are navigable ; the smallest stream runs up in front of the Indian village called Martinne houck, where they have their plantations. This tribe is not strong, and consists of about 30 families. In and about this bay there were formerly great numbers of Indian Plantations, which now lie waste and vacant. This land is mostly level and of good quality, well adapted for grain and rearing of all sorts of cattle ; on the rivers are numerous valleys of sweet and salt meadows; all sorts of

'river fish are also caught there.

Schout's bay, on the East river, also very open and naviganue, with one river running into it; on said river are also fine maize lands, level and not stony, with right beautiful valleys. Beyond said river is a very convenient hook of Jand, somewhat large, encircied by & large valley and river, where all descriptions of cattle can be reared and fed, such convenience being a great accommodation for the settlers, who otherwise must search for their cattle frequently several days in the bush.

Schout's bay, on the East river, also very open and naviganue, with one river running into it; on said river are also fine maize lands, level and not stony, with right beautiful valleys. Beyond said river is a very convenient hook of Jand, somewhat large, encircied by & large valley and river, where all descriptions of cattle can be reared and fed, such convenience being a great accommodation for the settlers, who otherwise must search for their cattle frequently several days in the bush.

The country on the East river between Greenwich and the island Manhattans, is for the most part covered with trees, but yet flat and suitable land, with numerous streams and valleys,

TAKING UP LAND IN NEW NETHERLAND. 29

right good soil for grain, together with fresh hay and meadow lands.

Wirequaeskeck, on the North river, five miles above New Amsterdam i is very ¢ good and suitable land for agriculture, very extensive maize land, on which the Indians have planted--proceeding from the shore and inland 'tis flat and mostly level, well watered by small streams and running springs. This land lies between the Sintinck and Armonck streams situate between the East and North rivers.?

In the Bay of the North river, about two miles from en Hook, lies an inlet or small bay ; on the south shore of said bay, called Neyswesinck, there are also right good maize lands which have not been cultivated by the natives for along time. This district is well adapted for raising and feeding all sorts of cattle, and is esteemed by many not ill-adapted for fisheries; a good trade in furs could' also be carried on there, and 'tis ais accessible to all large vessels coming from sea, which are often obliged 'to lie to or anchor behind Sandy Hook, either in consequence of contrary winds, or for want of a pilot.

In the Bay of the North river, about two miles from en Hook, lies an inlet or small bay ; on the south shore of said bay, called Neyswesinck, there are also right good maize lands which have not been cultivated by the natives for along time. This district is well adapted for raising and feeding all sorts of cattle, and is esteemed by many not ill-adapted for fisheries; a good trade in furs could' also be carried on there, and 'tis ais accessible to all large vessels coming from sea, which are often obliged 'to lie to or anchor behind Sandy Hook, either in consequence of contrary winds, or for want of a pilot.

The district inhabited by a nation called Raritangs, is situate on a fresh water river, that flows through the centre of the low land which the Indians cultivated. This vacant territory lies between two high mountains, far distant the one from the other. This is the handsomest and pleasantest country that man can behold, it furnished the Indians with abundance of maize, beans, pumpkins, and other fruits. This district was abandoned by the natives for two reasons ; the first and principal is, that finding themselves unable to resist' the Southern Indians, they migrated further inland ; the second, because this country was flooded every spring like Renselaer's colonie, frequently spoiling and destroying their supplies of maize which were stored in holes under ground.

Through this valley pass large numbers of all sorts of tribes, on their.way north or east, this land is therefore not only adapted for raising grain and rearing all description of cattle, but also very convenient for trade with the Indians. °

This district was abandoned by the natives for two reasons ; the first and principal is, that finding themselves unable to resist' the Southern Indians, they migrated further inland ; the second, because this country was flooded every spring like Renselaer's colonie, frequently spoiling and destroying their supplies of maize which were stored in holes under ground.

Through this valley pass large numbers of all sorts of tribes, on their.way north or east, this land is therefore not only adapted for raising grain and rearing all description of cattle, but also very convenient for trade with the Indians. °

1 Westchester County. Tr

30 INFORMATION RELATIVE TO

On both sides of the South bay and South river also lie some handsome lands, not only suitable but very convenient for agriculture and trade.

I have already stated where the first Colonists should, in my .

opinion, settle, regard being had to the convenience of those lands in the possession of which other nations being anticipated, they would not be able to extend their pretended limits further, and great peace and security would be afforded to the inhabitants. T shall here further state the time when those emigrating hence to and arriving in New Netherland will take up land, and how each shall afterwards earn a living and settle in the most econdomical manner according to the fashion of the country.

Boors and others who are obliged to work at first in Colonies ought to sail from this country in the fore or latter part of Winter, in order to arrive with God's help in New Netherland early in the Spring, as in March, or at latest in April, so as to be able to plant during that summer, garden vegetables, maize and beans, and moreover employ the whole summer in clearing land and building cottages as I shall hereafter describe.

Boors and others who are obliged to work at first in Colonies ought to sail from this country in the fore or latter part of Winter, in order to arrive with God's help in New Netherland early in the Spring, as in March, or at latest in April, so as to be able to plant during that summer, garden vegetables, maize and beans, and moreover employ the whole summer in clearing land and building cottages as I shall hereafter describe.

All then who arrive in New Netherland must immediately set.

about preparing the soil, so as to be able, if possible to plant some winter grain, and to proceed the next winter to cut and clear the timber. The trees are usually felled from the stump; cut up and burnt in the field, unless such as are suitable tor building, for palisades, posts, and rails, which must be prepared during winter, so as to be set up in the spring on the new made land which is intended to be sown, in order that the eattle may not in any wise injure the crops. In most lands is found a certain root, called red Wortel, which must, before ploughing, be extirpated with a hoe, expressly made for that purpose. This being done in the winter, some plough right around the stumps, should time or circumstances not allow these to be removed ; others plant tobacco, maize and beans, at first. The soil even thus becomes very mellow, and they sow winter grain the next fall. From tobaeco, can be realized some of the expenses incurred in clearing the land. The maize and' beans help to support both men and cattle. The farmer having thus begun, must endeavour, every year, to clear as much new land

This being done in the winter, some plough right around the stumps, should time or circumstances not allow these to be removed ; others plant tobacco, maize and beans, at first. The soil even thus becomes very mellow, and they sow winter grain the next fall. From tobaeco, can be realized some of the expenses incurred in clearing the land. The maize and' beans help to support both men and cattle. The farmer having thus begun, must endeavour, every year, to clear as much new land

TAKING UP LAND IN NEW NETHERLAND. 31

as he possibly can, and sow it with such seed as he considers most suitable. ;

It is not necessary that the husbandman should take up much stock in the beginning, since clearing land and other necessary labor do not permif him to save much hay and to build barns for stabling. One pair of draft horses or a yoke of oxen only is necessary, to ride the planks for buildings. or. palisades or rails fromthe land to the place where they. are to be set.

The farmer.can get: all sorts of cattle in the course of the second summer when he will have more leisure to cut and bring home hay, also to build barns and houses for men and cattle.

Of the building of houses at first.

Before beginning to build, it.will above all things be necessary - to select a well located spot, either on some river or bay, suitable for the settlement, of a village or hamlet. This is previously properly surveyed and divided into lots , with good streets according to the situation of the place. This hamlet can be fenced all round with high palisades or long boards and closed with gates, which is advantageous in case of attack by the natives who heretofore used. to exhibit,their insolence in new plantations.

Before beginning to build, it.will above all things be necessary - to select a well located spot, either on some river or bay, suitable for the settlement, of a village or hamlet. This is previously properly surveyed and divided into lots , with good streets according to the situation of the place. This hamlet can be fenced all round with high palisades or long boards and closed with gates, which is advantageous in case of attack by the natives who heretofore used. to exhibit,their insolence in new plantations.

Outside the village or hamlet other land must be laid out which can in general be; fenced. and: prepared at the most trifling

expense. ;

Those in Ne ew Netherland and especially in New England, who have no means to build farm houses at. first according to their wishes, dig a square pit in the ground, cellar fashion, 6 or 7 feet deep, as long and asibroad.as,they think proper, case the earth inside with wood.all round the wall, and line the wood with the bark of trees.or something else to prevent the caving in of the earth ; floor this cellar with plank and wainscot it overhead for a Ceiling, raise a roof of spars clear up and cover the spars with bark or green sods, so that they can live dry and.warm in these houses-with their-entire families for, two, three and four years, it being understood that. partitions are run through those cellars which are adapted to the size, of the, family. The wealthy and principal men in New England, in the beginning of the Colonies, commenced their first dwelling houses in this, fashion for two

Those in Ne ew Netherland and especially in New England, who have no means to build farm houses at. first according to their wishes, dig a square pit in the ground, cellar fashion, 6 or 7 feet deep, as long and asibroad.as,they think proper, case the earth inside with wood.all round the wall, and line the wood with the bark of trees.or something else to prevent the caving in of the earth ; floor this cellar with plank and wainscot it overhead for a Ceiling, raise a roof of spars clear up and cover the spars with bark or green sods, so that they can live dry and.warm in these houses-with their-entire families for, two, three and four years, it being understood that. partitions are run through those cellars which are adapted to the size, of the, family. The wealthy and principal men in New England, in the beginning of the Colonies, commenced their first dwelling houses in this, fashion for two

é

32,7 INFORMATION RELATIVE TO

reasons ; firstly, in order not to waste time building and not to want food the next season ; secondly, in order not to discourage poorer laboring people whom they brought over in numbers from Fatherland. In the course of 3 @ 4 years, when the country

became adapted to agriculture, they built themselves handsome

houses, spending on them several thousands.

After the houses are built in the above described manner or otherwise according to each person's means and fancy, gardens are made, and planted in season with all sorts of pot herbs, principally parsnips, carrots, and cabbage, which bring great plenty into the husbandman's dwelling. The maize can serve as bread for men, and food for cattle.

In the course of 3 @ 4 years, when the country

became adapted to agriculture, they built themselves handsome

houses, spending on them several thousands.

After the houses are built in the above described manner or otherwise according to each person's means and fancy, gardens are made, and planted in season with all sorts of pot herbs, principally parsnips, carrots, and cabbage, which bring great plenty into the husbandman's dwelling. The maize can serve as bread for men, and food for cattle.

The hogs, after having picked up their food for some months in the woods, are crammed with corn in the fall; when fat they are killed and furnish a very hard and clean pork; a good article for the husbandman who gradually and in time begins to purchase horses and cows with the produce of his grain and the increase of his hogs, and instead of a cellar as aforesaid, builds eood farm houses and barns. '

Of the necessary Cattle.

The cattle necessary in a Colonie or private Bouwery in New Netherland, are good mares and sound stallions.

Yoke oxen for the plough, inasmuch as in new lands full of roots, oxen go forward steadily under the plough, and horses stand still, or with a start break the harness in pieces.

Milch cows of kindly disposition and good bulls, sheep, sows, etc. Fowls are well adapted to Bouweries.

These Cattle are abundant in New Netherland and especially in New England and to be had at a reasonable price, except sheep which the English do not sell and are rare in New Netherland.

Yoke oxen for the plough, inasmuch as in new lands full of roots, oxen go forward steadily under the plough, and horses stand still, or with a start break the harness in pieces.

Milch cows of kindly disposition and good bulls, sheep, sows, etc. Fowls are well adapted to Bouweries.

These Cattle are abundant in New Netherland and especially in New England and to be had at a reasonable price, except sheep which the English do not sell and are rare in New Netherland.

Prices of Cattle.. In New Neruertanp; a young mare with her 2¢ or third foal Costs ES. IUG, Oe LS, 2 HT 50: do. 16077860 A 4 to 5 year old stallion about.......- 130 Realty A milch cow with her 24 or 34 calf,.... 100 = 40 A peRE Old sow POEL INT eed 20 @ 24 = 8@10 A sheep, being an €We,.... sss seen 20 @ 24

TAKING UP LAND IN NEW NETHERLAND. 33

In New Eneuanp; a good mare sells for,....... tf. 100 @ 120

A stallion, coeeoeoeeeveeseseeeereeeeeesvsee te eee se eee 100 Ammilehleow sii sh ds wecied Goes awws 4 ii 60 @ 70 A. yearlisigisowy oecxdtwous eqasecoieag bunts nls 12@14

Sheep are not sold here.

It is to be observed that in a Colonie each Farmer has to be provided by his Landlord with at least one yoke of oxen or with two mares in their stead two cows, one or two sows, for the purpose of increase, and the use of the farm and the support of his family.

A stallion, coeeoeoeeeveeseseeeereeeeeesvsee te eee se eee 100 Ammilehleow sii sh ds wecied Goes awws 4 ii 60 @ 70 A. yearlisigisowy oecxdtwous eqasecoieag bunts nls 12@14

Sheep are not sold here.

It is to be observed that in a Colonie each Farmer has to be provided by his Landlord with at least one yoke of oxen or with two mares in their stead two cows, one or two sows, for the purpose of increase, and the use of the farm and the support of his family.

If the above cattle multiply in course of time with God's blessing the Bouweries can be fully stocked with necessary cattle, and new Bouweries set off with the remainder, as is .the practice in Renselaer's Colonie and other places, as so on de novo, so as to lay out no money for stock. -- '

All farming implements necessary for the land must be also procured, except wagon and plough which can be made there.

And as it is found by experience in New Netherland that farmers can with difficulty obtain from the soil enough to provide themselves with necessary victuals and support, those who propose planting Colonies must supply their farmers and families with necessary food for at least two to three years, ifnot altogether it must be done at least in part.

Necessary supplies for the farmer.

If no wheat or rye can be had for bread, maize can be always had in season from the Indians at a reasonable price. The skepel costs ordinarily 10 @ 15 stivers when -bought from the Indians.

And as it is found by experience in New Netherland that farmers can with difficulty obtain from the soil enough to provide themselves with necessary victuals and support, those who propose planting Colonies must supply their farmers and families with necessary food for at least two to three years, ifnot altogether it must be done at least in part.

Necessary supplies for the farmer.

If no wheat or rye can be had for bread, maize can be always had in season from the Indians at a reasonable price. The skepel costs ordinarily 10 @ 15 stivers when -bought from the Indians.

Meat Vinegar r Pork Pease, and Butter or Oil instead ; Beans.

Salad oil and vinegar are not easy to be had in that country except at an excessively high price from the Dutch traders.

All this being arranged it must be noted what description of people are best adapted for agriculture in New Netherland and to perform the most service and return the most profit in the beginning.

Vou. Iv. 3

34 INFORMATION RELATIVE TO

First, a person is necessary to superintend the working men ; he ought to be acquainted with farming.

Industrious country people, conversant with the working and cultivation of land, and possessing a knowledge of cattle.

It would not be unprofitable to add to these some Highland boors, from the Veluwe,! Gulick,? Cleef,? and Berg.

Northerners are a people adapted to cutting down trees and clearing land, inasmuch as they are very laborious and accustomed to work in the woods.

First, a person is necessary to superintend the working men ; he ought to be acquainted with farming.

Industrious country people, conversant with the working and cultivation of land, and possessing a knowledge of cattle.

It would not be unprofitable to add to these some Highland boors, from the Veluwe,! Gulick,? Cleef,? and Berg.

Northerners are a people adapted to cutting down trees and clearing land, inasmuch as they are very laborious and accustomed to work in the woods.

Northerners can do almost anything, some can build much, others a little, and construct small craft which they call yawls.

Carpenters who can lay brick.

Smiths conversant with heavy work, curing cattle and provided with suitable medicines.

One or more surgeons, according to the number of the people, with a chest well supplied with all sorts of drugs.

One or more Coopers.

A Clergyman, Comforter of the sick, or precentor who could also act as Schoolmaster.

A Wheelwright.

All other tradesmen would [be required] in time; the above mentioned mechanics are the most necessary at first. In order to promote population through such and other means, the people must be provided with Freedoms and Privileges so as to induce them to quit their Fatherland, and emigrate with their families beyond the sea to this far distant New Netherland. Andas poor people have no means to defray the cost of passage and other expenses, it were desirable that wealthy individuals would expend some capital, to people this country or at their own expense remove themselves like the English of New England, with funds and a large body of working men, and provide those without means, with land, dwelling, cattle, tools and necessary support : and that, until they could derive the necessary maintenance from the soil and the increase of cattle, after which time they would

Andas poor people have no means to defray the cost of passage and other expenses, it were desirable that wealthy individuals would expend some capital, to people this country or at their own expense remove themselves like the English of New England, with funds and a large body of working men, and provide those without means, with land, dwelling, cattle, tools and necessary support : and that, until they could derive the necessary maintenance from the soil and the increase of cattle, after which time they would

1 The district of Arnhem, in the Province of Gelderland,

2 A German town west of Keulen.

8 Between the Rhine and the German frontier.

4 The Duchy of Berg is about four or five miles §. East of Arnhem.

\

TAKING UP LAND IN NEW NETHERLAND. 35

be able to pay yearly a reasonable quit rent to their Lords and Masters from the effects in their possession.

By 'the population and cultivation of the aforesaid lands those who shall have disbursed funds for the removal of the laboring classes the purchase of cattle and all other expenses, would, in process of some years, after God had blessed the tillage, and the increase of the cattle, derive a considerable revenue in grain, meat, pork, butter, and tobacco, which form at first the earliest returns, in time can be improved by industry, such as the making pot and pearl ashes, clapboards, knees for ship building, staves, all sorts of pine and oak plank, masts for large ships, square timber, and ash and hickory planks in which a staple tradé could be established. The English of New England put this in practice, as is to be seen, after the land had been first brought to proper condition ; they sell their provisions at the Caribbean Islands, staves at Madeira and the Canaries, Masts and Fish in Spain and Portugal, and bring in return all sorts of commodities, so much of which returns as they do not consume are again distributed by them thoughout all the Islands known and inhabited in the Northern part of America.

The English of New England put this in practice, as is to be seen, after the land had been first brought to proper condition ; they sell their provisions at the Caribbean Islands, staves at Madeira and the Canaries, Masts and Fish in Spain and Portugal, and bring in return all sorts of commodities, so much of which returns as they do not consume are again distributed by them thoughout all the Islands known and inhabited in the Northern part of America. So that through the variety of the returns, which of necessity was received, a profitable trade is already established in New England, which can also be right well set on foot by the Netherlanders, if the population of the country were promoted.

The following is the mode pursued by the West India Company in | the first planting of Bouweries.

The Company, at their own cost and in their own ships conveyed several boors to New Netherland, and gave these the following terms :--

The farmer, being conveyed with his family over sea to New Netherland, was granted by the Company for the term of six years a Bouwery, which was partly cleared, and a good part of which was fit for the plough.

The Company furnished the farmer a house, barn, farming implements and tools, together with four horses, four cows, sheep and pigs in proportion, the usufruct and enjoyment of which the husbandman should have during the six years, and on the

36 INFORMATION RELATIVE TO

The farmer, being conveyed with his family over sea to New Netherland, was granted by the Company for the term of six years a Bouwery, which was partly cleared, and a good part of which was fit for the plough.

The Company furnished the farmer a house, barn, farming implements and tools, together with four horses, four cows, sheep and pigs in proportion, the usufruct and enjoyment of which the husbandman should have during the six years, and on the

36 INFORMATION RELATIVE TO

expiration thereof return thenumber of cattlehe received. The entire increase remained with the farmer. ,The farmer was bound to pay yearly one hundred guilders ($40) and eighty pounds of butter rent for the cleared land and bouwery.

The country people who obtained the above mentioned conditions all prospered during their residence on the Company's lands.

Afterwards the cattle belonging to the Company in New Netherland were distributed for some years among those who had no means to purchase stock.

The risk of the Cattle dying is shared in common and after the expiration of the contract, the Company receives, if the Cattle live, the number the husbandman first received, and the increase which is over, is divided half and half, by which means many people have obtained stock and even to this day, the Company have still considerable cattle among the Colonists, who make use on the above conditions of the horses in cultivating the farm ; the cows serve for the increase of the stock and for the support of their families.

The risk of the Cattle dying is shared in common and after the expiration of the contract, the Company receives, if the Cattle live, the number the husbandman first received, and the increase which is over, is divided half and half, by which means many people have obtained stock and even to this day, the Company have still considerable cattle among the Colonists, who make use on the above conditions of the horses in cultivating the farm ; the cows serve for the increase of the stock and for the support of their families.

The foregoing is what is necessary to be communicated at present respecting the establishment of one or more Colonies and. relative to supplies. What regards the government and preservation of such Colonies; and what persons ought to be in authority there and who these ought to be, I leave to the wise and prudent consideration of your noble High Mightinesses. Meanwhile I pray the Creator of Heaven and Earth to endow your High Mightinesses with the Spirit of grace and wisdom, so that all your High Migtinesses' deliberations may tend to the advantage of the Country and its Inhabitants.

IV.

JOURNAL

OF THE

SECOND ESOPUS WAR; BY CAPT. MARTIN KREGIER.

With an account of the Massacre at Wildwyck, (now Kingston,) \

And the names of those killed, wounded, and taken prisoners, by the Indians on - that occasion.

1663.

Translated from the original Dutch MS

boul VE 4x prsanesit ot tot ioeeee fa)

= ibe quent wort)

Meanwhile I pray the Creator of Heaven and Earth to endow your High Mightinesses with the Spirit of grace and wisdom, so that all your High Migtinesses' deliberations may tend to the advantage of the Country and its Inhabitants.

IV.

JOURNAL

OF THE

SECOND ESOPUS WAR; BY CAPT. MARTIN KREGIER.

With an account of the Massacre at Wildwyck, (now Kingston,) \

And the names of those killed, wounded, and taken prisoners, by the Indians on - that occasion.

1663.

Translated from the original Dutch MS

boul VE 4x prsanesit ot tot ioeeee fa)

= ibe quent wort)

ty. os ' mi J

; i = ul, "e ty oi eva ae au Feosonig Bs ti hao sec oa 7 ' ee" . tes "32 ay 4 2° 8 tye - > ate. ade : sca Aas ao ni , era

| er F a zy

MASSACRE AT THE ESOPUS. The Court at Wildwyck to the Council of N. Netherland.

Right Honorable, most respected, wise, prudent and very discreet Lords.

We, your Honors' faithful subjects have to report, pursuant to the order of the Rt Hon»le Heer Director General, in the form of a Journal, that in obedience to his Honor's order, received on the 30th of May last, we caused the Indian Sachems to be notified on the 5th of June, to be prepared to expect the arrival of - the Rt Honble Heer Director General, to receive the promised presents, and to renew the peace. This notification was communicated to them through Capt. Thomas Chambers, to which they answered--" If peace were to be renewed with them, the Honble Heer Director General should, with some unarmed persons, sit with them in the open field, without the gate, as it was their own custom to meet unarmed when renewing peace or in other negotiations." But they, unmindful of the preceding statement, surprized and attacked us between the hours of 11 and 12 o'clock in the forenoon on Thursday the 7th instant.

Thomas Chambers, to which they answered--" If peace were to be renewed with them, the Honble Heer Director General should, with some unarmed persons, sit with them in the open field, without the gate, as it was their own custom to meet unarmed when renewing peace or in other negotiations." But they, unmindful of the preceding statement, surprized and attacked us between the hours of 11 and 12 o'clock in the forenoon on Thursday the 7th instant. Entering in bands through all the gates, they divided and scattered themselves among all the houses and dwellings in a friendly manner, having with them a little maize and some few beans to sell to our Inhabitants, by which means they kept them within their houses, and thus went from place to place as spies to discover our strength in men. And after they had been about a short quarter of an hour within this place, some people on horseback rushed through the Mill gate from the New Village, crying out-- The Indians have destroyed the New Village!" And with these words, the Indians here in this Village immediately fired a shot and made a general attack on our village from the rear, murdering our people in their houses with their axes and toma-

40 ; JOURNAL OF THE

hawks, and firing on them with guns and pistols; they seized whatever women and children they could catch and carried them prisoners outside the gates, plundered the houses and set the village on fire to windward, it blowing at the time from the South. The remaining Indians commanded all the streets, firing from the corner houses which they occupied and through the curtains outside along the highways, so that some of our inhabitants, on their way to their houses to get their arms, were wounded and slain.

hawks, and firing on them with guns and pistols; they seized whatever women and children they could catch and carried them prisoners outside the gates, plundered the houses and set the village on fire to windward, it blowing at the time from the South. The remaining Indians commanded all the streets, firing from the corner houses which they occupied and through the curtains outside along the highways, so that some of our inhabitants, on their way to their houses to get their arms, were wounded and slain. When the flames were at their height the wind changed to the west, were it not for which the fire would have been much more destructive. So rapidly and silently did Murder do his work that those in different parts of the village were not aware of it until those who had been wounded happened to meet each other, in which way the most of the others also had warning. The greater portion of our men were abroad at their field labors, and but few in the village. Near the mill gate were Albert Gysbertsen with two servants, and Tjerck Claesen de Wit ; at the Sheriff's, himself with two carpenters, two clerks and one thresher; at Cornelius Barentsen Sleght's, himself and his son ; at the Domine's, himself and two carpenters and one labouring man ; at the guard house, a few soldiers ; at the gate towards the river, Henderick Jochemsen and Jacob, the Brewer; but Hendrick Jochemsen was very severely wounded in his house by two shots at an early hour. By these aforesaid men, most of whom had neither guns nor side arms, were the Indians, through God's mercy, chased and put to flight on the alarm being given by the Sheriff. Capt. Thomas Chambers, who was wounded on coming in from without, issued immediate orders (with the Sheriff and Commissaries,) to secure

Near the mill gate were Albert Gysbertsen with two servants, and Tjerck Claesen de Wit ; at the Sheriff's, himself with two carpenters, two clerks and one thresher; at Cornelius Barentsen Sleght's, himself and his son ; at the Domine's, himself and two carpenters and one labouring man ; at the guard house, a few soldiers ; at the gate towards the river, Henderick Jochemsen and Jacob, the Brewer; but Hendrick Jochemsen was very severely wounded in his house by two shots at an early hour. By these aforesaid men, most of whom had neither guns nor side arms, were the Indians, through God's mercy, chased and put to flight on the alarm being given by the Sheriff. Capt. Thomas Chambers, who was wounded on coming in from without, issued immediate orders (with the Sheriff and Commissaries,) to secure

the gates ; to clear the gun and to drive out the Savages, who:

were still about half an hour in the village aiming at their persons, which was accordingly done. The burning of the houses, the murder and carrying off of women and children is here omitted, as these have been already communicated to your Honors on the 10% June. After these few men had been collected against the Barbarians, by degrees the others arrived who it has been stated, were abroad at their field labors, and we found ourselves when mustered in the evening, including those

SECOND ESOPUS WAR. 4y

from the new village who. took. refuge amongst us, in number 69 efficient men, both qualified and unqualified. The burnt palisades were immediately replaced by new ones, and the people distributed, during the night, along the bastions and curtains to keep watch.

After these few men had been collected against the Barbarians, by degrees the others arrived who it has been stated, were abroad at their field labors, and we found ourselves when mustered in the evening, including those

SECOND ESOPUS WAR. 4y

from the new village who. took. refuge amongst us, in number 69 efficient men, both qualified and unqualified. The burnt palisades were immediately replaced by new ones, and the people distributed, during the night, along the bastions and curtains to keep watch.

On the 10th inst., 10 horsemen were commanded to ride down to the Redoubt! and to examine its condition. They returned with word that the soldiers at the Redoubt had not seen any Indians. They brought also with them the Sergeant, who had gone the preceding morning to the Redoubt, and as he heard on his return of the mischief committed by the Indians in the village, he went back to the Redoubt and staid there. In addition to the Sergeant they brought the men who had fled from the new Village. :

On the 16th, towards evening, Sergeant Christiaen Niessen went with a troop of soldiers, sent us by your Honors, being 42 men, and three wagons, to the Redoubt, with letters for the Manhatans, addressed to your Honors, and to bring up ammunition from the Redoubt. On their return, the Indians made an attempt, at the first hill, to take the ammunition from these troops. The Sergeant having divided his men into separate bodies, evinced great courage against the Indians, skirmishing with them from the first, to past the second hill, and defending the wagons so well that they arrived in safety in the village. He had, however, one killed and six wounded. The dead man was brought in next morning, having been stripped naked, and having had his right hand cut off by the Indians.

On their return, the Indians made an attempt, at the first hill, to take the ammunition from these troops. The Sergeant having divided his men into separate bodies, evinced great courage against the Indians, skirmishing with them from the first, to past the second hill, and defending the wagons so well that they arrived in safety in the village. He had, however, one killed and six wounded. The dead man was brought in next morning, having been stripped naked, and having had his right hand cut off by the Indians. Some of the Indians were also killed, but the number of these is not known. This skirmishing having been heard in the village, a reinforcement of horse and foot was immediately ordered out,

"but before they arrived the Indians had been put to flight by the above named Sergeant.

This, Right Hon®!¢ Lords, is what we have decmed necessary to communicate to you in the form of a journal as to how and in what manner the Indians have acted towards us and we towards them in the preceding circumstances. And we humbly and

1 Rondout.

42 JOURNAL OF THE

respectfully request your Honors to be pleased to send us hither for the wounded by the earliest opportunity, some prunes and linen with some wine to strengthen them, and whatever else not obtainable here your Honors may think proper ; also, carabines, cutlasses, and gun flints, and we request that the carabines may be Snaphaunce, as the people here are but little conversant with the use of the arquebuse (vyer roer) ; alsosome spurs for the horsemen. In addition to this, also, some reinforcements in men inasmuch as harvest will commence in about 14 days from date. Herewith ending, we commend your Honors to God's fatherly care and protection. Done, Wildwyck this 20' June 1663.

respectfully request your Honors to be pleased to send us hither for the wounded by the earliest opportunity, some prunes and linen with some wine to strengthen them, and whatever else not obtainable here your Honors may think proper ; also, carabines, cutlasses, and gun flints, and we request that the carabines may be Snaphaunce, as the people here are but little conversant with the use of the arquebuse (vyer roer) ; alsosome spurs for the horsemen. In addition to this, also, some reinforcements in men inasmuch as harvest will commence in about 14 days from date. Herewith ending, we commend your Honors to God's fatherly care and protection. Done, Wildwyck this 20' June 1663.

RorLor SwaRTwouvt,

the mark of ALBertT GysBERTSEN,

Trereck CLassen DEWITT,

Tuomas CHAMBERS,

Gysspert Van Imsrocy,

CurisTIAEN NyssEN,

Henprick JocHEMSEN.

LIST OF THE KILLED AT WILDWYCK.

Men.

Barent Gerretsen murdered in front of his house. Jan Alberts oe in his house. Lechten Dirreck " on the farm. Willem Jansen Seba 6 opposite his door. Willem Jansen Hap & in Pieter van Hael's house. Jan the Smith ; 4) in his house. Hendrick Jansen Looman = " on the farm. Thomas Chambers' negro " on the farm. Hey Olferts re in the gunner's house.

SoLpIERs. Hendrick Martensen on the farm Dominicus ; in Jan Alberts' house.

Christiaen Andriesen on the Street.

SECOND ESOPUS WAR. 43

Women. Lichten Dirreck's wife burnt, with her lost fruit, behind Barent Gerritsen's house. Mattys Capito's wife killed and burnt in the house. Jan Albertsen's wife, big with child, killed in front of her house. Pieter van Hael's wife shot and burnt in her house.

Thomas Chambers' negro " on the farm. Hey Olferts re in the gunner's house.

SoLpIERs. Hendrick Martensen on the farm Dominicus ; in Jan Alberts' house.

Christiaen Andriesen on the Street.

SECOND ESOPUS WAR. 43

Women. Lichten Dirreck's wife burnt, with her lost fruit, behind Barent Gerritsen's house. Mattys Capito's wife killed and burnt in the house. Jan Albertsen's wife, big with child, killed in front of her house. Pieter van Hael's wife shot and burnt in her house.

CHILDREN.

Jan Alberts little girl murdered with her mother. Willem Hap's child burnt alive in the house.

Taken Prisoners. Master Gysbert's wife. Hester Douwe. Sara the' daughter of Hester Douwe. Grietje, Domine Laer's wife. Femmetje, sister of Hilletje, being recently married to Joost Ariaens.

CHILDREN.

Tjerck Claessen de Witt's oldest daughter. Dominie Laer's child. ;

Ariaen Gerritsen's daughter. \ Two little boys of Mattys Roeloffsen. A

Killed in the New Village:

Men.

Marten Harmensen found dead and stript naked behind the wagon.

Jacques Tyssen beside Barent's house.

Derrick Ariaensen shot on his horse.

Taken prisoners; -

Men. Jan Gerritsen on Volckert's bouwery.

1 Surgeon Imbroch's wife was the daughter of the Honble Mr. La Montagnie, Vice Director of fort Orange.

44 JOURNAL OF THE

Women. Children

Of Louwis du. bois, < 2.4 s°..s\s'0/+ s'e:00.0/ e009 1 3

Of Mattheu blanchan,....... o weapon 2

Of Antoni Crupel, ..:. 0 -+6¢j see gysbiergicns 1 1 | Of Lambert Huybertsen,.......006+%0 1 3 | Of Marten Harmensen, ..........00. , 1 4 | OF Jan Joosten,. «asi. + oi Siteie ote eis 1 2

1 Surgeon Imbroch's wife was the daughter of the Honble Mr. La Montagnie, Vice Director of fort Orange.

44 JOURNAL OF THE

Women. Children

Of Louwis du. bois, < 2.4 s°..s\s'0/+ s'e:00.0/ e009 1 3

Of Mattheu blanchan,....... o weapon 2

Of Antoni Crupel, ..:. 0 -+6¢j see gysbiergicns 1 1 | Of Lambert Huybertsen,.......006+%0 1 3 | Of Marten Harmensen, ..........00. , 1 4 | OF Jan Joosten,. «asi. + oi Siteie ote eis 1 2

Ol Barent Harmensen, was fata eet ate 1 1

Of Grietje Westercamp,........... wae 1 3

Of Jan Barentsy cis wife slaivs ixiuabailnn 4% 1 1

Of Michiel Ferpe;tc.ati. ch aril ua' 2

Of Henderick Jochems, ....... Pure tes ae

Of Henderick Martensen, ............ 1

Of Albert Heymans,........... esd 2

Women 8 Ch'n 26 Houses burnt in Wildwyck.

Of Michiel' Perre,, <6 0). a . 1 Of Hans Carolusen,..... Te | OPWillem Hap. sea. - 1 Of Pieter van Hael,...... 1 Of Mattys Roeloffsen,..... 1. Of Jacob boerhans.. sas «sane Of Albert Gerretsen,..... 1 Of Barent Gerretsen,..... 2 Of Lichten Dirrick,...... Ly SOL Matiyss wncnrss ote sence ee

Houses 12

The new village is entirely destroyed except a new uncovered barn, one rick and a little stack of reed.

Wounded in Wildwyck. Thomas Chambers, shot in the woods. Henderick Jochemsen, " in his house.

Michiel Ferre,? " in front of his house. Albert Gerretsen, «in front of his house. Andries Barents, "in front of his house. Jan du parck, 'jn the house of Aert Pietersen Tack

Ly SOL Matiyss wncnrss ote sence ee

Houses 12

The new village is entirely destroyed except a new uncovered barn, one rick and a little stack of reed.

Wounded in Wildwyck. Thomas Chambers, shot in the woods. Henderick Jochemsen, " in his house.

Michiel Ferre,? " in front of his house. Albert Gerretsen, «in front of his house. Andries Barents, "in front of his house. Jan du parck, 'jn the house of Aert Pietersen Tack

Henderick the Heer Director General's Servant in the street in front of Aert Jacobsen.

Paulus the Noorman in the street.

1 Sic in Orig. Qu. Frere ? 2 Died of his wounds on the 16th June,

SECOND ESOPUS WAR. AD

JOURNAL OF THE ESOPUS WAR. 1663.

On the 4% July we entered the Esopus Kill in front of the Redoubt with the two Yachts, and sent the Sergeant Pieter Ebel with 40 men up to the village Wildwyck to fetch wagons ; he returned to the river side about 2 o'elock in the afternoon aecompanied by Serjeant Christiaen Nyssen, 60 men and 9 wagons; they loaded these and departed with them to the Village where I arrived towards evening. Saw nothing in the world except three Indians on a high hill near the Redoubt.

5th ditto. Returned to the water side with 60 men, 10 horsemen, and 9 wagons to bring up supplies, but saw scarcely anything on the way.

6th ditto. Made another journey to the shore with 10 wagons and brought up the remainder of the supplies, but did not perceive anything. In the evening went for grass with 12 wagons 30 Soldiers and 10 horsemen ; then-saw 10 or 12 Indians calling to each other but nothing further transpired.

Returned to the water side with 60 men, 10 horsemen, and 9 wagons to bring up supplies, but saw scarcely anything on the way.

6th ditto. Made another journey to the shore with 10 wagons and brought up the remainder of the supplies, but did not perceive anything. In the evening went for grass with 12 wagons 30 Soldiers and 10 horsemen ; then-saw 10 or 12 Indians calling to each other but nothing further transpired.

7h ditto. Went again twice for grass with 50 men and 12 horsemen but saw nothing. Two Indians arrived at the fort about 2 o'clock in the afternoon witha deer and some fish. Said they came from the river side and that they had been at the Redoubt where they had traded some fish for tobacco ; that they had left their Canoe at the Redoubt, & that they are Wappinger Indians. Meanwhile detained them and conveyed them to the guard house.

8th ditto. Sunday. About noon came 5 Indians near our fort --they called out to us to know if we had any Indians in the fort 2? To which we answered, Yes: They asked, why we detained them as they were Wappinger Indians? To which we answered, they ought to keep at a distance as we could not distinguish one tribe of Indians from another, and if we found that they had not done any injury to the Dutch, we should release them. We told them also, that they must keep away from here, and go home, for if we should meet them in the woods we would kill them as well as the other Indians--if they were desirous to come here to speak to us, they must stick up a white flag.

To which we answered, they ought to keep at a distance as we could not distinguish one tribe of Indians from another, and if we found that they had not done any injury to the Dutch, we should release them. We told them also, that they must keep away from here, and go home, for if we should meet them in the woods we would kill them as well as the other Indians--if they were desirous to come here to speak to us, they must stick up a white flag.

46 JOURNAL OF THE

Whereupon they answered, 'Tis well, adieu; and thereupon went their way. Immediately after their departure, sent out 40 soldiers and 10 horsemen to look after the cattle, whether they had not been near them, but on reaching these they did not remark any mischief--they, therefore, returned. with the cattle to the fort. After the afternoon sermon we examined the oldest Indian as to whether he was not acquainted with some Esopus Indians and whether he would not lead us to them--gave him fair words and promised him a present ; for the Dutch at the Esopus had told us that some Indians dwelt about two miles from there, wherefore we were resolved to go in search of them the same evening with 50 men. But this Indian said to us--Go not there, for the Indians have gone thence and dwell now back of Magdalen Island! on the main land in the rear of a Cripple bush on the east side of Fort Orange river, andnumber 8 men 9 women and 11 children ; and he even offered to guide us thither if we had a boat to put us across the river. Whereupon it was resolved by the Council of War to despatch two parties that same evening to procure some craft to put us over the river.

But this Indian said to us--Go not there, for the Indians have gone thence and dwell now back of Magdalen Island! on the main land in the rear of a Cripple bush on the east side of Fort Orange river, andnumber 8 men 9 women and 11 children ; and he even offered to guide us thither if we had a boat to put us across the river. Whereupon it was resolved by the Council of War to despatch two parties that same evening to procure some craft to put us over the river.

I, therefore, sent Sergeant Christiaen Nyssen and Jan Peersen,

each with 16 men, to look up a boat. The same old Indian betrayed his companion who had come with him on the preceding day into the fort--stating that he had assisted the Esopus Indians against the Dutch, and for so doing had received in hand 6 fathom of Sewan, [wampum]; that 9 Wappingers and 30 Manissings were with the Esopus Indians and aided them--also that he said they were together about 200 Indians strong.

9th ditto. Monday I marched very early, [with 40 Soldiers] and 10 horsemen to the water side to ride up and planks to construct a Cabin to store the provisions and ammunition. About oclock the two detachments, I had sent out in the evening, to look for craft, came to me at the Redoubt, but they saw neither Indians nor boat. They were marched all together to fort Wildwyck and arrived there about 12 o'clock Then sent 30 men with 10 horsemen out scouting, who returned about 4

Monday I marched very early, [with 40 Soldiers] and 10 horsemen to the water side to ride up and planks to construct a Cabin to store the provisions and ammunition. About oclock the two detachments, I had sent out in the evening, to look for craft, came to me at the Redoubt, but they saw neither Indians nor boat. They were marched all together to fort Wildwyck and arrived there about 12 o'clock Then sent 30 men with 10 horsemen out scouting, who returned about 4

1 Magdalen island issituate between the Upper and Lower Red Hook Landings. These Indians must therefore have been in the town of Redhook--Dutchess co.

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SECOND ESOPUS WAR. A7

o'clock ; had seen nothing. About 6 o'clock Peiter Wolfertsen' and Lieutenant Stilwil arrived here with their troops ; I then immediately called a Council of War and it was resolved unanimously to set out in the evening with 20 Soldiers and 12 Indians under the command of Christiaen Niesen and Peiter Wolfertsen in order to visit the East shore near Magdalen Island, to see if they could not surprize the Esopus Indians who were lying there ; they took the old Indian along as a guide, who well knew ay they lay.

10' dito. J have gone again to the river side with 40 Soldiers and 10 horsemen to fetch plank. In returning, the horse men on the right flank rode too far from the foot soldiers and alongside the mountain on which 12 to 15 Savages lay in ambush who simultaneously fired a at the horsemen one of whom they shot through the boot, and grazed a horse. On hearing this, we immediatety reinforced the cavalry with 25 men, pursued the Indians through the mountain a good half hour, but they would not once make a stand ; we therefore returned to the wagons where I had left 15 men and marched together to the Village of Wildwyck.

In returning, the horse men on the right flank rode too far from the foot soldiers and alongside the mountain on which 12 to 15 Savages lay in ambush who simultaneously fired a at the horsemen one of whom they shot through the boot, and grazed a horse. On hearing this, we immediatety reinforced the cavalry with 25 men, pursued the Indians through the mountain a good half hour, but they would not once make a stand ; we therefore returned to the wagons where I had left 15 men and marched together to the Village of Wildwyck. In the afternoon, the scouting party went out again ; I sent therewith Lieutenant Stilwil with 15 men of his Company and Sergeant Pieter Ebel with 28 men & 20 Indians with 10 horsemen. They discovered nothingexcept a path which the Indians found by which Savages had recently passed to their fort ; they followed this a long way, but saw nothing. Meanwhile; they returned all together.

11th ditto. Again sent out a party to the Mountain near the water side, but they saw nothing ; they returned in the evening.

12 ditto. Pieter Wolfertsen & Sergeant Niesser: returned with their troops, bringing with them one Squaw and three children whom they had captured ; they killed five armed Indians and a woman ; the Esopus Captain ( Weldoverste) was among the slain ; they cut off his hand which they brought hither. Had not the Indian Jed them astray and missed the houses, they would have surprized all the Indians who were there to the number of 28, with women and children. For through the mistake of the Indian, our people first came about midday where they found

Pieter Wolfertsen & Sergeant Niesser: returned with their troops, bringing with them one Squaw and three children whom they had captured ; they killed five armed Indians and a woman ; the Esopus Captain ( Weldoverste) was among the slain ; they cut off his hand which they brought hither. Had not the Indian Jed them astray and missed the houses, they would have surprized all the Indians who were there to the number of 28, with women and children. For through the mistake of the Indian, our people first came about midday where they found

1 Van Couwenhoven.

48 JOURNAL OF THE

the Indians posted and in arms. They immediately fell on the Jatter and routed and pursued them. In the chase one of our soldiers was slain. Meanwhile the huts were plundered wherein they found 19 Blankets 9 Kettles a lot of Sewan, and 4 Muskets belonging to the Indians who were killed. They returned on board with the plunder and four prisoners, and arrived safe except one of our Soldiers who was bitin the leg by a rattlesnake. About 5 o'clock in the afternoon,I went with 60 men to the river side, to bring up the booty and prisoners ; returned to the fort in the evening ; encountered no harm.

13th ditto. Examined the Squaw prisoner and enquired if she were not acquainted with some Esopus Indians who abode about here 2? She answered that some Cattskill Indians lay on the other side near the Sagers Kill, but they would not fight against the Dutch; says also that an Indian on the preceding evening before our people attacked them, had brought news from the fort of the Esopus Indians that many Dutch, English and Indians had gone from the Manhatans to the Esopus and that they should be on their guard, for the Hackinsack Indians had brought the news to the fort of the Esopus Indians.

She answered that some Cattskill Indians lay on the other side near the Sagers Kill, but they would not fight against the Dutch; says also that an Indian on the preceding evening before our people attacked them, had brought news from the fort of the Esopus Indians that many Dutch, English and Indians had gone from the Manhatans to the Esopus and that they should be on their guard, for the Hackinsack Indians had brought the news to the fort of the Esopus Indians. Then Long Jacob, the Chief who lived there with the Indians, demanded, What should they do? Should they fly toward their fort or not? They then concluded to remain there, for the Chief said, Were the Dutch to come to the Fort and we also were in it, we should be all slaughtered ; tis best for us to remain here on the opposite shore ; the Dutch would not learn much of us; States also further, that the Indian had said that 40 Manissing Indians had arrived at their fort, and that 40 more were to come on the next day; further says, that each night they conveyed the prisoners always to a particular place without the fort and remained themselves therein ; says also that they were resolved to make a stand in their fort, and that they had, moreover, in their fort 9 horses with which they draw palisades, and had sold a horse to the Mannissing Indians ; that the Indians had also three houses in which they reside, these were 4 hours farther off ; says also, that one Sachem in the fort would advise them to negotiate peace, but the other Sachems would not listen to it; says also, that the fort is defended by three rows of palisades,

They then concluded to remain there, for the Chief said, Were the Dutch to come to the Fort and we also were in it, we should be all slaughtered ; tis best for us to remain here on the opposite shore ; the Dutch would not learn much of us; States also further, that the Indian had said that 40 Manissing Indians had arrived at their fort, and that 40 more were to come on the next day; further says, that each night they conveyed the prisoners always to a particular place without the fort and remained themselves therein ; says also that they were resolved to make a stand in their fort, and that they had, moreover, in their fort 9 horses with which they draw palisades, and had sold a horse to the Mannissing Indians ; that the Indians had also three houses in which they reside, these were 4 hours farther off ; says also, that one Sachem in the fort would advise them to negotiate peace, but the other Sachems would not listen to it; says also, that the fort is defended by three rows of palisades,

SECOND ESOPUS WAR. 49

and the houses in the fort encircled by thick cleft palisades with port.holes in them, and covered with bark of trees; says that the fort is quadrangular but that the Angles are constructed between the first and second rows of, palisades and that the third row of palisades stands full eight feet off from the others towards the interior, between the two first rows of palisades and the houses, and that the fort stands on the brow of ahill and all around is table land.

and the houses in the fort encircled by thick cleft palisades with port.holes in them, and covered with bark of trees; says that the fort is quadrangular but that the Angles are constructed between the first and second rows of, palisades and that the third row of palisades stands full eight feet off from the others towards the interior, between the two first rows of palisades and the houses, and that the fort stands on the brow of ahill and all around is table land.

Sent also for M'. Gysbert's wife' and asked her if it were so ? She answered, it was true, and said they had built a point near unto the water to secure it. Then again examined the Wappinger prisoner and asked, why he had aided the Esopus Indians ? Said it was not true and that his mate, the old Indian, had belied him. Asked him if he would guide us to the fort of the Esopus Indians? Answered, Yes; and says the Esopus Indians are about 80 warriors strong, but does not know how many have come there belonging to other tribes. Says also that the fort is defended with triple rows of palisades, as the Squaw had stated. Whereupon the council of war decided, firstly to await news either from above or below as to what the Mohawks had resolved respecting the prisoners--whether they could have them restored before our troops should proceed against the fort to achieve the self same thing. On the same day two detachments went out : one to scout, the other on an expedition, but they returned in the evening, having seen séarcely any thing.

Says also that the fort is defended with triple rows of palisades, as the Squaw had stated. Whereupon the council of war decided, firstly to await news either from above or below as to what the Mohawks had resolved respecting the prisoners--whether they could have them restored before our troops should proceed against the fort to achieve the self same thing. On the same day two detachments went out : one to scout, the other on an expedition, but they returned in the evening, having seen séarcely any thing.

14% ditto. 50 men were out again in the woods behind the new burnt village and a scouting party, but hardly any thing occurred, nor was any thing seen.

15th ditto. The Heer de Decker arrived here with Jan Davets _ and 5 Mohawks ; had them conducted from the river side by 50 men and 10 horsemen. Nothing else transpired. 5

168 ditto. The Heer de Decker assembled the Council of War and it was resolved that Jan Davets. accompany the 5 Mohawks to the fort of the Esopus Indians to see on what terms the Christian prisoners will be restored, but after divers discourses Jan Davets declined going with them, although the Heer

1 She had been taken prisoner as before stated by the Indians on the ee of the Village of Wildwyck but had effected her escape--Ep.

Vow. iv. 4

\

50 - JOURNAL OF THE

de Decker had, the day before, drawn up and prepared an Instruction for him, but before the time appointed he refused to

The Heer de Decker assembled the Council of War and it was resolved that Jan Davets. accompany the 5 Mohawks to the fort of the Esopus Indians to see on what terms the Christian prisoners will be restored, but after divers discourses Jan Davets declined going with them, although the Heer

1 She had been taken prisoner as before stated by the Indians on the ee of the Village of Wildwyck but had effected her escape--Ep.

Vow. iv. 4

\

50 - JOURNAL OF THE

de Decker had, the day before, drawn up and prepared an Instruction for him, but before the time appointed he refused to

go. Meanwhile it is resolved that the Mohawks should go' thither, and they requested of us that they might take with them some of our prisoners to present them to the Esopus Indians as a" suitable introduction to obtain some of their pfisoners in return,

or to induce them to surrender them. The Council, concluded that a Captive Girl should be given to the Mohawks and about 63 guilders in Sewan in order to ascertain what they could accomplish thereby ; for it was reported at Fort Orange, as the Heer de Decker informed us, that the Esopus Indians. had said--If they could obtain payment for the land, named the Great Plot (het groote Stuck,) then they should give up all the prisoners. Now, it is impossible to determine whether this be so or not. Meanwhile, the Mohawks who were going thither were directed to inquire about it, and they promised us to bring us an answer the next day about noon. Had 3 parties out in the interim ; one to the shore to bring cattle, another for wood and a third, scouting. They returned all at the same time; experienced no difficulty. _ 17th ditto.

The Council, concluded that a Captive Girl should be given to the Mohawks and about 63 guilders in Sewan in order to ascertain what they could accomplish thereby ; for it was reported at Fort Orange, as the Heer de Decker informed us, that the Esopus Indians. had said--If they could obtain payment for the land, named the Great Plot (het groote Stuck,) then they should give up all the prisoners. Now, it is impossible to determine whether this be so or not. Meanwhile, the Mohawks who were going thither were directed to inquire about it, and they promised us to bring us an answer the next day about noon. Had 3 parties out in the interim ; one to the shore to bring cattle, another for wood and a third, scouting. They returned all at the same time; experienced no difficulty. _ 17th ditto. Three parties were out in ambush, but saw _ nothing.

18th ditto. Six sloops arrived here from the Manhatans in which Juriaen Blanck brought up provisions for our troops ; had them conveyed up under a guard; a party wasalso in the field to protect those reaping the Barley and a party lay in Ambush. They returned towards evening ; saw nothing."

19t ditto. Sent out 40 Soldiers and 10 Indians scouting, they ' did not meet any one. In the evening about 7 o'clock, the three Mohawks returned from the Esopus Indians. They had brought three Indians and two Dutch women and 2 Children whom they left about two hours from Wildwyck ; said, they had been freely given, and had they not been so tired, we should have brought them with them to the fort; said the Esopus Indians had abandoned the fort, and had ratived to the Mountains where they awere mostly dispersed here & there hunting.

In the evening about 7 o'clock, the three Mohawks returned from the Esopus Indians. They had brought three Indians and two Dutch women and 2 Children whom they left about two hours from Wildwyck ; said, they had been freely given, and had they not been so tired, we should have brought them with them to the fort; said the Esopus Indians had abandoned the fort, and had ratived to the Mountains where they awere mostly dispersed here & there hunting.

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SECOND ESOPUS WAR. 51

20thditto. Sent Jan Davets with 2 Mohawks to the 3 Esopus Indians who were in the woods with the abovenamed prisoners, to see if he could get, and bring with him the four prisoners from here, and have a talk with the Indians relative to the other prisoners ; whether they will not restore these tous; returned about noon with a woman whom one of the Mohawks had fetched ; but he, himself, had not been with the Indians as one of the Mohawks had been taken sick and he was obliged toremain with him. In the afternoon one of the Mohawks returned thither, he took with him half a loaf for the prisoners who remained: with the above mentioned Esopus Indians. Being come there, he asked the Esopus Indians whether they would not entrust the 3 prisoners to him to convey them to the Dutch; whereupon they allowed him to take the 3 prisoners, with whom he arrived at the fort about 11 o'clock at night, but under promise as they informed us, that they should have in return their three prisoners whom we held. The prisoners told us that the Esopus Indians had fled to a high mountain through fear of the Dutch, and that they Jay here and there in small bands, and that the prisoners were also distributed and dispersed among them here and there, and were not together and that they would not trust them in their fort, and that the Indians daily threatened them--Should the Dutch come thither, we will give you a Knock and Kill you all at once.

The prisoners told us that the Esopus Indians had fled to a high mountain through fear of the Dutch, and that they Jay here and there in small bands, and that the prisoners were also distributed and dispersed among them here and there, and were not together and that they would not trust them in their fort, and that the Indians daily threatened them--Should the Dutch come thither, we will give you a Knock and Kill you all at once. Were thus a long time in terror. Meanwhile we had some scouting parties out, who returned hav ing seen nothing--had also a party to cut barley ; came back safe. 21st ditto. Three Sloops have come from the Manhatans, with which a supply of provisions for this garrison has arrived in Rut Jacobsen's Yacht. Sent three convoys to the water side and parties to cut corn; but they saw nothing. Sent for the 5 Mohawks and Jan Davets acting as Interpreter, informed them what insults the Dutch ef Esopus 'had from year to year experienced and suffered from the Indians, and that they now even this last time, had murdered and carried off our people, when -we had given them no provocation. Whereupon they answered, Come, give us a piece of duffels ; we shall afterwards go with it and see whether we shall not be able to recover all

52 JOURNAL OF THE

the prisoners. It was accordingly resolved by the Heer de Decker and Council of War, that a piece of duffels should be brought up from the river side and given them; which being done, they took the piece of duffels, cut it into three parts, and thus departed with it about 11 o'clock in the forenoon ; with them went Jan Davets with the Squaw and 2 children who had been captured by us and were released in exchange for the 2 Dutch women and 2 children whom the Indians had brought back. 924 ditto.

It was accordingly resolved by the Heer de Decker and Council of War, that a piece of duffels should be brought up from the river side and given them; which being done, they took the piece of duffels, cut it into three parts, and thus departed with it about 11 o'clock in the forenoon ; with them went Jan Davets with the Squaw and 2 children who had been captured by us and were released in exchange for the 2 Dutch women and 2 children whom the Indians had brought back. 924 ditto. A scouting party went out, but saw nothing. 934 ditto. A Party went to the river side to bring up supplies, _and three, to cut and draw grain. They experienced no interruption. 24th ditto. Sent for all the wagons to make a journey to the river side to bring up the provisions which had been sent hither by the Executive government ; but only 4 wagons came. As I required ten, I excused these; Some refused to work for the Company ; some gave for answer, if another will cart I also shall cart ; some said, my horses are poor, I cannot cart ; others said, my horses have sore backs, and other such frivolous answers that I was thus unable, this time, to bring up the Company's stores. Whereupon it was resolved by the Council of War, that the farmers should not be furnished with any men for their protection in the fields, unless they would assist in bringing up the Company's Supplies from the water side. Nay, further--one Tjerck Claesen de Wit, himself a magistrate, would turn Lieut. Stilwil's Soldiers out of a small house they occupied--he said, he had hired it, though he had, notwithstanding, neither possession of nor procuration for it, I gave him for answer, that I should remove them on condition that he, asa magistrate, would have them billetted in other houses as the men could not lie under the blue sky, and as they had been sent here by the Chief government for the defence of the Settlers.

Stilwil's Soldiers out of a small house they occupied--he said, he had hired it, though he had, notwithstanding, neither possession of nor procuration for it, I gave him for answer, that I should remove them on condition that he, asa magistrate, would have them billetted in other houses as the men could not lie under the blue sky, and as they had been sent here by the Chief government for the defence of the Settlers. But he made no answer to this ; and so there are other ringleaders and refractory people in this place. Meanwhile the convoy which was ready to conduct the provisions, was dismist each to its own post until fur- - ther orders. Atnoon I went with atroop of Dutch and Indians to the New Village where the Heer de Decker himself was ; met with

SECOND ESOPUS WAR. 53

no interruption. A party was also out with the reapers. Inthe evening Jan Davets and the 5 Mohawks returned from the Esopus Indians--they brought with them a female prisoner ; they would not at present release any more prisoners, evinced great fierceness and repeatedly threatened to kill them, both the Mohawks and Jan Davets told--them they should not release any more prisoners unless they should secure peace thereby, and that Corlaer and Rentslaer should come to their fort, and bring goods with them to conclude peace and to redeem the prisoners ; said that they must be within ten days in their fort to conclude peace ; said, that they demanded a truce during that time. Jan Davets also informed us, that he had seen but 4 prisoners in the fort, and that the others were scattered far and wide ; says, there ares about 30 warriors in the fort, and that the others dwelt without here and there ; they also said they were determined to make a stand in the fort, whereupon we have resolved to go in search of them on the first opportunity.

Inthe evening Jan Davets and the 5 Mohawks returned from the Esopus Indians--they brought with them a female prisoner ; they would not at present release any more prisoners, evinced great fierceness and repeatedly threatened to kill them, both the Mohawks and Jan Davets told--them they should not release any more prisoners unless they should secure peace thereby, and that Corlaer and Rentslaer should come to their fort, and bring goods with them to conclude peace and to redeem the prisoners ; said that they must be within ten days in their fort to conclude peace ; said, that they demanded a truce during that time. Jan Davets also informed us, that he had seen but 4 prisoners in the fort, and that the others were scattered far and wide ; says, there ares about 30 warriors in the fort, and that the others dwelt without here and there ; they also said they were determined to make a stand in the fort, whereupon we have resolved to go in search of them on the first opportunity.

25th ditto. The Heer de Decker left to-day for the Manhatans in the company's yacht, taking with him two of the wounded, and Jan du Parck, Surgeon, and two soldiers to take care of the sick ; two sick Indians left also; sent along with them a convoy and 9 wagons to bring up the remainder of the goods. They returned and saw nothing. Also sent out two detachments with the reapers ; they did not remark any thing. Convened the Council of War and it was unanimously resolved to send out an _ expedition against the Esopus Indians, which should start the next day, if the weather were favorable.

The Heer de Decker left to-day for the Manhatans in the company's yacht, taking with him two of the wounded, and Jan du Parck, Surgeon, and two soldiers to take care of the sick ; two sick Indians left also; sent along with them a convoy and 9 wagons to bring up the remainder of the goods. They returned and saw nothing. Also sent out two detachments with the reapers ; they did not remark any thing. Convened the Council of War and it was unanimously resolved to send out an _ expedition against the Esopus Indians, which should start the next day, if the weather were favorable.

26th ditto. The following troops set out against the Esopus Indians, having as a Guide a woman who had been prisoner among them, to wit--of Captain Lieutenant Cregier's Company, 91 men; of Lieutenant Stilwil's, 30 men ; Lieutenant Couwenhoven with 41 Indians ;' volunteers from the Manhatans, 6 ; volunteers from the Esopus, 35 men, of whom 11 were horsemen, and 7 of the Honb!e Company's negroes, with two pieces of cannon and two wagons, the whole party provided each with

one pound of powder and a pound of ball, 2!>s of hard bread

1 These Indians were of Long Island.

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54 JOURNAL OF THE

and 4 a soft loaf, with 2's of pork and a Dutch cheese ; left in garrison-at Wildwyck 36 soldiers and 25 freemen. .Marched

out about 4 o'clock in the afternoon, and came in the evening

The following troops set out against the Esopus Indians, having as a Guide a woman who had been prisoner among them, to wit--of Captain Lieutenant Cregier's Company, 91 men; of Lieutenant Stilwil's, 30 men ; Lieutenant Couwenhoven with 41 Indians ;' volunteers from the Manhatans, 6 ; volunteers from the Esopus, 35 men, of whom 11 were horsemen, and 7 of the Honb!e Company's negroes, with two pieces of cannon and two wagons, the whole party provided each with

one pound of powder and a pound of ball, 2!>s of hard bread

1 These Indians were of Long Island.

*

54 JOURNAL OF THE

and 4 a soft loaf, with 2's of pork and a Dutch cheese ; left in garrison-at Wildwyck 36 soldiers and 25 freemen. .Marched

out about 4 o'clock in the afternoon, and came in the evening

about two great miles from Wildwyck, where we remained until the moon rose. We: then startedanew, but could not march more than a long half hour on account of the cannon and -wagons, which we could not get through the woods at night. We then bivouacked until day break. '

97th ditto. We got on the right road when day dawned» and

continued our march. On the way we passed over much stoney land and hills, and had to tarry at the swampy, long, broken

and even frequent kills where we halted and must-cut trees 'to make bridges to pass over, and divers mountains were so steep

that we were obliged to haul the wagons-and cannon up rand

We then bivouacked until day break. '

97th ditto. We got on the right road when day dawned» and

continued our march. On the way we passed over much stoney land and hills, and had to tarry at the swampy, long, broken

and even frequent kills where we halted and must-cut trees 'to make bridges to pass over, and divers mountains were so steep

that we were obliged to haul the wagons-and cannon up rand

down with ropes. Thus our progress was slow. When about two miles from the Indian fort, sent forward Capt. Lieutenant Couwenhoven, Lieutenant Stilwil and Ensign Christiaen: Niessen, with 116 men 'to surprise it. I followed, meanwhile, with the remainder of the force, the guns and wagons, but on coming ~ within a short mile of the fort, found the way so impassable that I was under the necessity of Jeaving the cannon, as I could not get it farther. I left 40 men there and gave them orders to fortify themselves and set palisades around, which they did,and T followed the preceding troop with the remainder towards 'the Indian fort. On arriving there, found our people in possession of it, as it had been abandoned by the Indians two days before. | Our Indians had caught a Squaw in the corn-field, whither she was coming to eut maize. Now the evening falling, for it was about 6 o'clock when we came to the fort, we passed the night there, having found 3 horses at their fort.

I left 40 men there and gave them orders to fortify themselves and set palisades around, which they did,and T followed the preceding troop with the remainder towards 'the Indian fort. On arriving there, found our people in possession of it, as it had been abandoned by the Indians two days before. | Our Indians had caught a Squaw in the corn-field, whither she was coming to eut maize. Now the evening falling, for it was about 6 o'clock when we came to the fort, we passed the night there, having found 3 horses at their fort.

28th ditto. The Council of War assembled at the breaking of the day and unanimously resolved to go in search of the Indians to the mountain where the above mentioned female had been a prisoner, and to take the captured Squaw along. "Whereupon Lieutenant Couwenhoven and Lieutenant Stilwil-and Ensign Niessen were detached with 140 men, and remained: in the fort with about 29 men. The above named troops then set forth towards the mountain and arrived where the Indians had been ;

SECOND ESOPUS WAR. 55

they had left that place also. The captured Squaw being asked if she did not know where the Indians had fled to, said they were on a great, high mountain, which she pointed out to them, distant about 2 miles, whither they had fled with the seven prisoners they had with them ; whereupon the officers resolved to go to the other mountain in search of them, which they afterwards"did with their troops, after experiencing vast difficulty, but found no Indians there. The Squaw being again questioned whether she did not know where they were? said they had moved to another mountain, which she pointed out, about 4 miles from there, but there was no path thither.

The captured Squaw being asked if she did not know where the Indians had fled to, said they were on a great, high mountain, which she pointed out to them, distant about 2 miles, whither they had fled with the seven prisoners they had with them ; whereupon the officers resolved to go to the other mountain in search of them, which they afterwards"did with their troops, after experiencing vast difficulty, but found no Indians there. The Squaw being again questioned whether she did not know where they were? said they had moved to another mountain, which she pointed out, about 4 miles from there, but there was no path thither. Being on the brow of the hill our people saw 9 Indians coming towards them, whereupon they fell fiat, intending thus to surprise the Indians on their approach, but they did not succeed, our people being noticed at a distance of about 2 musket shots. Eight of them ran off in an oblique direction, and the ninth attempted to run _back to the place whence they had come. As our force was discovered on all sides, and even our Indians said that no savages could be caught at this time as they were every where fully informed of us, it was resolved to return to the fort, where they arrived about ene o'clock. After they had taken some rest, _I convened the Council of War to determine what was now best to be done. They unanimeusly resolved to cut down their corn and burn it, together with last year's maize, which they still _had in pits in great abundance in their corn-fields and around ' their fort. Whereupon I went out of their fort with 50 men to a distance of a full half mile ; there cut down several plantations of maize, threw into the fire divers pits full of maize and beans, returned to the fort at sun-down and saw that divers Indians and horsemen found some pits with plunder in the vicinity of _ the fort, which they brought in.

They unanimeusly resolved to cut down their corn and burn it, together with last year's maize, which they still _had in pits in great abundance in their corn-fields and around ' their fort. Whereupon I went out of their fort with 50 men to a distance of a full half mile ; there cut down several plantations of maize, threw into the fire divers pits full of maize and beans, returned to the fort at sun-down and saw that divers Indians and horsemen found some pits with plunder in the vicinity of _ the fort, which they brought in. Meanwhile I had the whole party called together, and told them that all the plunder that was or should be found was to be in common, and was so understood by the Council of War before we started from our fort. Whereupon one of the horsemen stepped out cf the troop and' said to me, What we've found we'll keep and divide among us horsemen. To which I said, that they should not do that, for they were under command. Whereupon the horseman, named

56 JOURNAL .OF THE

Jan Hendricksen, answered--They are under the command of no man but Long Peter, whom they, forsooth ! called their Cornet, and uttered divers unmannerly words in presence of all the officers. Upon which I gave him 2 or 3 slaps of a sword, and he seemed as if he would put himself in a posture against me. But I being close up to his body he could not act as he wished, and I said to him that I should bring him to an account. This said Jan Hendricksen, with one Albert Heymans Roose, acted insolently on the 7» July. Whilst we were examining the two Wappinger Indians, in the presence of the Schout and Commissaries, in Thomas Chambers' room a messenger came in and said that two or three boors were without the door with loaded guns to shoot the Indians when they came forth.

But I being close up to his body he could not act as he wished, and I said to him that I should bring him to an account. This said Jan Hendricksen, with one Albert Heymans Roose, acted insolently on the 7» July. Whilst we were examining the two Wappinger Indians, in the presence of the Schout and Commissaries, in Thomas Chambers' room a messenger came in and said that two or three boors were without the door with loaded guns to shoot the Indians when they came forth. Whereupon I stood up and went to the door--found this Albert Heymans Roose and Jan Hendricksen at the door with their guns. Asked them what they were doing there with their guns? They gave me for answer, We will shoot the Indians. I said to them, you must not do that. To which they replied, We will do it though you stand by. I told them in return, to go home and keep quiet or I should send such disturbers to the Manhatans? They then retorted, I might do what I pleased, they would shoot the Savages to the ground, even though they should hang for it; and so I left them. This Albert coming into the Council. told the Commissaries that one of them should step out. What his intention with him was I can't say. This by way of memorandum. Meanwhile arrested Jan Hendricksen.

29th ditto. Four parties went out again to cut down the corn and to burn the old maize. About o'clock in the afternoon, Some Indians made their appearance on a high hill near the fort and called out to us, that they would come and fight us on the morrow whereupon we brought the captive Squaw out of the fort to speak. to them, and they called out to her that they should now come and fight the Dutch, for the Dutch had now come and taken their _ fort, cut their corn and burnt all their old maize and that they should die of hunger.

About o'clock in the afternoon, Some Indians made their appearance on a high hill near the fort and called out to us, that they would come and fight us on the morrow whereupon we brought the captive Squaw out of the fort to speak. to them, and they called out to her that they should now come and fight the Dutch, for the Dutch had now come and taken their _ fort, cut their corn and burnt all their old maize and that they should die of hunger. I said to them, the Dutch had gone in search of you to the mountain but ye always ran away and dare not make a stand. But the Indians soba not give.any answer, and so went away

' 'SECOND ESOPUS WAR 57

30% ditto. We, in two large parties, each of 80 men, cut down all the corn and burnt the old maize which remained in the pits. Returned to the fort, all together, in the evening, and made preparations to set out in the morning. Meanwhile the Indians who the day before had called out that they would come & fight us, didnot make their appearance. We cut down nearly one hundred morgens' of Maize and burnt above a hundred pits full of corn and beans.

31st ditto. In the morning at the dawn of day set fire to the fort and all the houses, and while they were in full blaze marched out in good order, Capt Lieutenant Couwenhoven forming the van cuard, Lieutenant Stilwil's Company the centre, and I with my company the rear guard. . So arrived in safety at our fort about 9 o'clock in the evening with our cannon and wagons. Remarked scarcely anything on the way. The road or course from Wildwyck to the fort of the Esopus Indians lies mostly south west, about 10 [Dutch] miles from our fort.

In the morning at the dawn of day set fire to the fort and all the houses, and while they were in full blaze marched out in good order, Capt Lieutenant Couwenhoven forming the van cuard, Lieutenant Stilwil's Company the centre, and I with my company the rear guard. . So arrived in safety at our fort about 9 o'clock in the evening with our cannon and wagons. Remarked scarcely anything on the way. The road or course from Wildwyck to the fort of the Esopus Indians lies mostly south west, about 10 [Dutch] miles from our fort.

1st August. ' In the morning heard two shots from the Redoubt on the river side. Sent off Ensign Christiaen Niessen with 50 men. dle found there the Hon>!¢ Company's yacht in which the Heer Secretary van Ruyven had come. Had him escorted to the Village of Wildwyck, and did nothing more as it was a day of Fasting and Prayer.

24 ditto. Nothing occurred as it rained during the whole day and night.

34 ditto. The Heer Secretary departed on his return,to the Manhatans, accompanied by Lieutenant Couwenhoven and the Indians being 41 in the whole, who would not remain any longer ; also 5 of the Honb!e Company's Negroes. Through great intercession and promise of better behavior in future, the Council of

- war pardoned Jan Hendricksen the faults committed by him and he is released from confinement Meanwhile I had two parties inthe field with the reapers and one in Ambush. They saw nothing and returned in the evening. I this day sold, by public beat of drum, the three horses which we had brought with us from the Indians' fort.

The Heer Secretary departed on his return,to the Manhatans, accompanied by Lieutenant Couwenhoven and the Indians being 41 in the whole, who would not remain any longer ; also 5 of the Honb!e Company's Negroes. Through great intercession and promise of better behavior in future, the Council of

- war pardoned Jan Hendricksen the faults committed by him and he is released from confinement Meanwhile I had two parties inthe field with the reapers and one in Ambush. They saw nothing and returned in the evening. I this day sold, by public beat of drum, the three horses which we had brought with us from the Indians' fort.

1 About 215 Acres--Ep.

58 JOURNAL OF THE

4th ditto. A Mohegan Indian came from fort Orange ; he had a pass from Monsieur Montagnie ; brought two letters, one 'to M: Gysbert and one to Hendrick Jochems ; there was. hardly any news in them except that they were longing to receive some intelligence relative to the condition of the Esopus. Convened the Council of war and invited thereto the Commissaries of the village Wildwyck, and made this Ordinance and read it to the people, both freemen and military, and "had a copy affixed to each Beat or Post. It is, word for word, as follows :--

" Orprnance made and enacted by the Captain Lieutenant and the valiant Council of war at present commanding the troops and Military in the Esopus or. Wildwyck.

' Wuereas we learn by daily experience that many, as well military as freemen, are removing from the Village Wildwyck, without the consent of the Capt Lieutenant and, Commissaries of this Village, Therefore it is necessary that timely provision be made therefor, so that none may at any time fall into the hands of the barbarous Indians, our enemies ; And that families every day unnecessarily waste and fire off powder gnd_ ball.

" Orprnance made and enacted by the Captain Lieutenant and the valiant Council of war at present commanding the troops and Military in the Esopus or. Wildwyck.

' Wuereas we learn by daily experience that many, as well military as freemen, are removing from the Village Wildwyck, without the consent of the Capt Lieutenant and, Commissaries of this Village, Therefore it is necessary that timely provision be made therefor, so that none may at any time fall into the hands of the barbarous Indians, our enemies ; And that families every day unnecessarily waste and fire off powder gnd_ ball. Therefore the Captain Lieutenant and valiant Council of war, wishing to provide for and prevent all inconveniences and mischiefs which may arise therefrom, have ordered and directed, as they do hereby order and direct.

rd

" Firstly, That no one, whether military or freeman shall, without the consent of the Captain Lieutenant, Council of war and Commissaries of this place, depart from this Village of Wildwyck, either in large or small bodies, whether to cut grain or for any other business whatsoever it may be, lest any of them may chance to fall into the hands of the barbarous Indians, our enemies ; and if any one remove beyond. this village of Wildwyck*without consent.or proper convoy, whatever the business or occasion may be, he shall pay a fine of five and twenty guilders . for the first offence ; for the second fifty guilders, and for. the third offence an arbitrary punishment ; And should any one, in violating and disobeying this order, happen to be captured by the Indians, our enemies, no expence or trouble shall be incurred

" Firstly, That no one, whether military or freeman shall, without the consent of the Captain Lieutenant, Council of war and Commissaries of this place, depart from this Village of Wildwyck, either in large or small bodies, whether to cut grain or for any other business whatsoever it may be, lest any of them may chance to fall into the hands of the barbarous Indians, our enemies ; and if any one remove beyond. this village of Wildwyck*without consent.or proper convoy, whatever the business or occasion may be, he shall pay a fine of five and twenty guilders . for the first offence ; for the second fifty guilders, and for. the third offence an arbitrary punishment ; And should any one, in violating and disobeying this order, happen to be captured by the Indians, our enemies, no expence or trouble shall be incurred

SECOND ESOPUS WAR 59

for him, inasmuch as he, by his perverse and stiffnecked course, contrary to this Ordinance, will have brought down this misfortune on himself.

2,

"Tf any one unnecessarily & perversely waste or fire off his powder and ball, be it on the departure or arrival of convoys or otherwise, he shall, for the first offence, pay a fine of three guilders for each shot ; for the second offence six guilders and for the third offence suffer arbitrary punishment, unless when desirous to discharge his gun, being out of order or wet, he shall ask permission therefor from his superior or inferior officer. And for the better observance and obedience of this ordinance, the Captain Lieutenant and Council of War hereby particularly and imperatively command all Superior officers, Serjeants, and Corporals to pay strict attention that this Ordinance be observed and respected. Tuus done in the village of Wildwyck by the Captain Lieutenant, Council of War and the proper Commissaries of said village, on the 4th of August 1663."

"Tf any one unnecessarily & perversely waste or fire off his powder and ball, be it on the departure or arrival of convoys or otherwise, he shall, for the first offence, pay a fine of three guilders for each shot ; for the second offence six guilders and for the third offence suffer arbitrary punishment, unless when desirous to discharge his gun, being out of order or wet, he shall ask permission therefor from his superior or inferior officer. And for the better observance and obedience of this ordinance, the Captain Lieutenant and Council of War hereby particularly and imperatively command all Superior officers, Serjeants, and Corporals to pay strict attention that this Ordinance be observed and respected. Tuus done in the village of Wildwyck by the Captain Lieutenant, Council of War and the proper Commissaries of said village, on the 4th of August 1663."

Same date a letter is also sent by the Mohegan Indians to Christoffel Davids at fort Orange requesting him to be pleased to come down to the Esopus on important business which we should then explain and communicate to him.

5th ditto. Thomas the Irishman arrived here at the Redoubt from the Manhatans. Meanwhile nothing was done as it was Sunday, and no detachments were sent out.

6th ditto. Sent a party of 32 men to'lie in ambush, and two detachments with the reapers. They returned in the evening ; perceived nothing.

7th ditto. Three detachments were sent out with the reapers ; returned in the evening without having seen anything. th ditto. Sent out Ensign Niessen with a detachment to lie

Thomas the Irishman arrived here at the Redoubt from the Manhatans. Meanwhile nothing was done as it was Sunday, and no detachments were sent out.

6th ditto. Sent a party of 32 men to'lie in ambush, and two detachments with the reapers. They returned in the evening ; perceived nothing.

7th ditto. Three detachments were sent out with the reapers ; returned in the evening without having seen anything. th ditto. Sent out Ensign Niessen with a detachment to lie

in ambush behind the New Village whtch was burnt, and observe the Indians. Also two parties with the reapers. They came back in the evening without having noticed anything.

9th ditto. Three detachments were again sent out ; two in the - field with the reapers and one in ambush. They returned towards evening having perceived nothing.

'

60 JOURNAL OF THE

10th ditto. Sent out two, detachments; one in the field with the reapers, the other in ambush behind the recently burnt village, under the command of Ensign Niessen. They came in towards evening without having observed anything. Some yachts also touched at the Redoubt bringing letters from the Manhatans which they left at the Redoubt and then sailed upwards for fort Orange.

11th ditto. Received this morning the letters which the Yachts left at the Redoubt ; had two parties in the field with the reapers ; they returned in the evening without having seen anything.

12th ditto. Sunday. Nothing occured except sending two convoys to the Redoubt to relieve the men who lay there and to bring up some stores with Mr. Gysbert's wife coming from fort -- Orange who brings news that the Northern Indians had killed some Mohawks and a Mohegan, whereupon the Mohegans have obtained the consent of the Mohawks to build a fort.

Received this morning the letters which the Yachts left at the Redoubt ; had two parties in the field with the reapers ; they returned in the evening without having seen anything.

12th ditto. Sunday. Nothing occured except sending two convoys to the Redoubt to relieve the men who lay there and to bring up some stores with Mr. Gysbert's wife coming from fort -- Orange who brings news that the Northern Indians had killed some Mohawks and a Mohegan, whereupon the Mohegans have obtained the consent of the Mohawks to build a fort. Nothing else occurred here.

13th ditto. Sent out two detachments with the reapers and one to lie in ambush. They returned in the evening ; saw nothing. On the same day is made & enacted by the Captain Lieutenant and the valiant Council of War the following Ordinance for the maintenance as far as possible of better order, and the observance and enforcement of discipline among the Military, and read the same before the Military and freemen and affixed it at each post. It is word for word as follows :--

" Orpinance made and enacted by the Captain Lieutenant and the valiant Council of War commanding the Military in the Esopus and Village of Wildwyck.

"Wurreas some in this Village of Wildwyck who follow the trade of selling strong drink to the military suffer some of them to get drunk not only on week days but especially on the Lord's Rest and Sabbath day, unfitting them for their proper duties, & more especially creating confusion and disorderly conduct ; the Honble Company's Servants not hesitating to sell, pawn and pledge their own necessaries for strong drink to the traders in intoxicating liquors ; the traders also receiving the same ; yea,

"Wurreas some in this Village of Wildwyck who follow the trade of selling strong drink to the military suffer some of them to get drunk not only on week days but especially on the Lord's Rest and Sabbath day, unfitting them for their proper duties, & more especially creating confusion and disorderly conduct ; the Honble Company's Servants not hesitating to sell, pawn and pledge their own necessaries for strong drink to the traders in intoxicating liquors ; the traders also receiving the same ; yea,

SECOND ESOPUS WAR. 61

even not hesitating to give them more credit and trust whether they have any thing to the good ornot. Therefore the Capt. Lieutenant and valiant Council of War desirous to prevent as much as possible all disorders and mischief', have therefore ordained and directed as they hereby direct and ordain :--

1.

"That none of the military, be his rank whatever it may be, presume to sell or to pawn for any strong drink any of the stores advanced to him by the Hon»!¢ Company on his monthly wages, for his needs and support, under a fine of one month's wages.

2.

'"' No one, whether military or freeman, following the business of selling strong drink, shall presume to take in pledge or endeavor to embezzle any property belonging to the military in exchange for strong drink, under the forfeiture of the tapped drink and to return to the owner free of cost and charges the receiv ed property and pay in addition a fine of twelve sey as often as he is discovered so doing.

2.

'"' No one, whether military or freeman, following the business of selling strong drink, shall presume to take in pledge or endeavor to embezzle any property belonging to the military in exchange for strong drink, under the forfeiture of the tapped drink and to return to the owner free of cost and charges the receiv ed property and pay in addition a fine of twelve sey as often as he is discovered so doing.

7 vO.

" All those who follow the trade of selling strong drink are further warned not to sell nor furnish any strong drink on the Lord's Rest and Sabbath day much less entertain any clubs, whether before or after the sermon on pain of forfeiting the strong drink tapped on that occasion, and in addition a fine of five and twenty guilders as often as they shall be caught in the act.

4,

"Those who sell strong drink are also further warned they take heed not to sell any to the military either on credit or on account, be it in what manner it may be, on pain of not being paid therefor, unless on order of his superior officer. Tuus pone by the Capt. Lieutenant and Valiant Council of War in the Village Wildwyck, this 13th August 1663."

14'b ditto. Sent out fifty reapers to the burnt village, called the Great Plot, and sent with them about thirty wagonsand Ensign Neissen with a convoy of Eighty men ; gave him orders to remain there all night with the reapers and binders, and the major part of the wagons and forty men per convoy. The remaining forty:

Tuus pone by the Capt. Lieutenant and Valiant Council of War in the Village Wildwyck, this 13th August 1663."

14'b ditto. Sent out fifty reapers to the burnt village, called the Great Plot, and sent with them about thirty wagonsand Ensign Neissen with a convoy of Eighty men ; gave him orders to remain there all night with the reapers and binders, and the major part of the wagons and forty men per convoy. The remaining forty:

62 JOURNAL OF THE

men returned to: Wildwyck, and said Ensign with about one' hundred and twenty men, as well reapers and binders as convoys, passed the night at the Great Plot because it was so distant, and they could not make up more than one sheaf for they could not begin the work as fresh as they wished. Brought the grain to Wildwyck as soon as it was-cut down. Kept six parties by the way in ambush to protect the said wagons. However nothing occured on this day.

15th ditto. Brought more grain from the burnt Village wherefore I kept two parties in ambush and one with the reapers and two on the road for the protection of the wagons which went through and fro. Returned in the evening altogether ; observed nothing.

16h ditto. Two parties are again sent out to the field with the reapers; came back in the evening without having seen anything. <4

17th, Two parties were again sent into the field with the reapers. Returned in the evening without seeing anything, The Heer Decker arrived here at the Redoubt from fort Orange ; had him escorted to the Village Wildwyck, but he did not tarry here long as his Honor was in a hurry to depart again. Had the said Heer de Decker escorted back to the river side and then he returned to the Manhatans.

Two parties are again sent out to the field with the reapers; came back in the evening without having seen anything. <4

17th, Two parties were again sent into the field with the reapers. Returned in the evening without seeing anything, The Heer Decker arrived here at the Redoubt from fort Orange ; had him escorted to the Village Wildwyck, but he did not tarry here long as his Honor was in a hurry to depart again. Had the said Heer de Decker escorted back to the river side and then he returned to the Manhatans. Nothing occurred this day. Gave three Englishmen leave to go to and return from the Manhatans. They belong to Lieutenant Stilwil's Company.

18th ditto. Had three detachments again in the field with the reapers ; they returned in the evening; saw nothing. The Council of War resolved and concluded to send a party three miles from Wildwyck to some plantations of Esopus Indians © planted with maize ; whereupon Ensign Niessen was sent thither with fifty-five men. They went forth from Wildwyck about ten o'clock at night, and had a Dutchman named Jacob Jansen Stoutenborgh for a guide.

19th ditto. Was this morning with fifty men and sixteen wagons to the burnt Village to fetch grain ; came back to -Wildwyck aboyt eight o'clock. Did not see anything. About noon Ensign Niessen returned with his troop from the Indian maize

land. Neither saw nor noticed any Indians. About three ¥

SECOND ESOPUS WAR. 63

They went forth from Wildwyck about ten o'clock at night, and had a Dutchman named Jacob Jansen Stoutenborgh for a guide.

19th ditto. Was this morning with fifty men and sixteen wagons to the burnt Village to fetch grain ; came back to -Wildwyck aboyt eight o'clock. Did not see anything. About noon Ensign Niessen returned with his troop from the Indian maize

land. Neither saw nor noticed any Indians. About three ¥

SECOND ESOPUS WAR. 63

» oclock in the afternoon Christoffel Davids came from the Manhatans ina canoe. Brought with him a letter from the Heer General, dated 14 August, brought also a letter from Pieter Couwenhoven who lay with the Sloop in the Danskamer.1 The letter was dated 17th August, and addressed to me. Its contents were, That I should be on my guard for he was advised that-the Esopus Indians together with the Manissings and Wappingers were prepared to attack and surprize our fort in about two days with four hundred men, and that they also daily threatened him in an insufferable manner ; he daily expected the arrival of the Sachem who had already been four days gone about the captured Christians to learn what he should then do and what should be the issue of it. But,he had not received any intelligence in all that time. He also writes--That the Indians who lay thereabout on the river side made a great uproar every night, firing guns and kintekaying,? so that the woods rang again ; and he hoped to be with me in two days.--His letter contains divers other circumstances. Christoffel Davids informs us, that he slept one night with the Indians in their wigwams --that some Esopus Indians and Sachems were there who had four Christian captives with them, one of whom, a female | captive, had secretly told him, Davids, that forty Esopus Indians had already been near our fort to observe the reapers and the other people.

He also writes--That the Indians who lay thereabout on the river side made a great uproar every night, firing guns and kintekaying,? so that the woods rang again ; and he hoped to be with me in two days.--His letter contains divers other circumstances. Christoffel Davids informs us, that he slept one night with the Indians in their wigwams --that some Esopus Indians and Sachems were there who had four Christian captives with them, one of whom, a female | captive, had secretly told him, Davids, that forty Esopus Indians had already been near our fort to observe the reapers and the other people. Whereupon the Council] of war resolved to send for the Sheriff, who being come, an order was handed him directing him to warn all the Inhabitants not to go from the fort into the fields without a suitable escort, as directed in the preceding Ordinance of the 4th August. Said Christoffel: Davids

1 Six miles north of Newburgh, Orange co. Ep.

2 The Delaware word, Gent'kch'n, to dance, seems to be engrafted here into the Dutch language. The term is also to be found in Van der Donck's Beschryvinge van Nieuw Nederlandt, where speaking of the amusements of the Indians, he says--' The old and middle aged conclude with smoking and the young with

'a Kintecaw." N. Y. Hist. Coll. 2d Ser. i. 204. Again in the Breeden

Raedt we read, '' The first of these Savages having received a frightful wound, desired them to permit him to dance what is called the Kinte Kaeye, a religious custom observed among them before death. . . . ... He thenordered him to be taken out of the fort and the Soldiers bringing him to the Beavers path. (he dancing the Kinte Kaeye all the time). Ep.

Coll. 2d Ser. i. 204. Again in the Breeden

Raedt we read, '' The first of these Savages having received a frightful wound, desired them to permit him to dance what is called the Kinte Kaeye, a religious custom observed among them before death. . . . ... He thenordered him to be taken out of the fort and the Soldiers bringing him to the Beavers path. (he dancing the Kinte Kaeye all the time). Ep.

64 | - JOURNAL OF THE

also informed us,--that the Indians had on shore several bowls and gourds with brandy, which they obtained daily from the Sloops, as the Indians had informed him they could get as much as they required and whatever powder and lead they wanted. Now, we cannot determine what this may amount to, but this I understand that the woman who is on board the sloop with Lieutenant Couwenhoven brought four ankers of brandy with her from the Manhatans, but none of it came ashore here.

20th ditto, Lietenant Couwenhoven arrived with the yacht at the Redoubt; brings a Christian woman and boy with him ; says he gave about Eighty guilders for the youth, and promised to give our captive Squaw for the woman. Left ninety guilders in pledge for her; the Council of War disapproved of his having promised the Se in exchange as such was not contained in the Director General and Council's Instruction to him. Says, the Indians promised him to bring in, within two days, all the prisoners they had, and that he should return with her to them within that time. Says also, that two Mohawks coming from fort Orange in a canoe passed his yacht in the Wappingers Kill. They had full four hundred pounds of lead 'and over three hundred pounds of powder in the canoe.

Left ninety guilders in pledge for her; the Council of War disapproved of his having promised the Se in exchange as such was not contained in the Director General and Council's Instruction to him. Says, the Indians promised him to bring in, within two days, all the prisoners they had, and that he should return with her to them within that time. Says also, that two Mohawks coming from fort Orange in a canoe passed his yacht in the Wappingers Kill. They had full four hundred pounds of lead 'and over three hundred pounds of powder in the canoe. He would have them on board but they would not; so they passed by. The Dutch woman, who had been taken prisoner, was brought to bed of a young daughter on entering the Esopus Kill. Nothing occurred during the day as it rained almost incessantly, and the farmers could not go out in the fields to reap or to bring in the grain.

21st ditto. The Council of War resolved to send Lieutenant Couwenhoven down again with the Sloop. I victualled the yacht and gave him five Soldiers additional for his defence ; also resolved to give him the two Indians and the Squaw which we had prisoners, but he is not to leave them out of his hands before we-have our prisoners back. Furnished him also with an Instruction as to how he should act therein. It reads, word for word as follows :---

SECOND ESOPUS WAR. 65

"Instruction for Lieutenant Pieter Cowwenhoven.

I victualled the yacht and gave him five Soldiers additional for his defence ; also resolved to give him the two Indians and the Squaw which we had prisoners, but he is not to leave them out of his hands before we-have our prisoners back. Furnished him also with an Instruction as to how he should act therein. It reads, word for word as follows :---

SECOND ESOPUS WAR. 65

"Instruction for Lieutenant Pieter Cowwenhoven.

"Wuerras Lieutenant Couwenhoven, sent by the Honble Director General & Council to release the Christians captured by the Esopus Indians, lay several days near the Wappinger Indians who acted as mediators in the affair, and as yet could not effect much except releasing one child and a woman for which woman he promised to exchange the Squaw who had been captured by us, on condition that they should then bring all the Chiristian Captives

to the river side and release them ; and also promised the Wap- _ pinger Indians to take down with him the two Indians whom we captured. The Council of War, therefore, resolved and concluded to surrender the two Indians & the Squaw, but on certain conditions and also by express order of the Heer Director General and Council, according to instruction accompanying the same, that no prisoners should go, or be released, unless we first had all our Christians, prisoners, out of their hands.

is

"Therefore, the said Council of War recommend and order Lieutenant Couwenhoven not to surrender nor give up any Indian or Squaw unless our Christian Captives be first released and exchanged and placed in our hands, but he is at liberty to promise the Indians, if they discharge all our prisoners and restore them to us, that they shall then again have and regain their prisoners, either in exchange or in some other manner as shall then be agreed to and arranged.

"Therefore, the said Council of War recommend and order Lieutenant Couwenhoven not to surrender nor give up any Indian or Squaw unless our Christian Captives be first released and exchanged and placed in our hands, but he is at liberty to promise the Indians, if they discharge all our prisoners and restore them to us, that they shall then again have and regain their prisoners, either in exchange or in some other manner as shall then be agreed to and arranged.

2.

' Should Lieutenant Couwenhoven see no probability of obtaining back, receiving or releasing our captives, and the Indians be obstinately opposed to the discharge or release thereof he may watch his time and opportunity to seize as many Esopus Indians as possible, either on land or by inducing them with fair words to go on board, according as opportunities shall then offer ; or if many Esopus Indians should come thither with the Christian Captives and refuse to surrender or give these up, he shall then endeavor to detain them on shore, whether by means of intoxicating liquors or by any other means he shall at the time judge most expedient, and then advise us immediately thereof by a

Vou. tv. 5

66 JOURNAL OF THE

yacht that may come there, in order that we may regulate ourselves accordingly as much as lies in our power so as to surprize and seize them. Donr, Wildwyck, the 21st August 1663."

Escorted said Couwenhoven to the Redoubt on the -river's side and he sailed again to the Wappingers in the yacht. A party was also in the field with the boors ; they returned home without seeing anything.

Vou. tv. 5

66 JOURNAL OF THE

yacht that may come there, in order that we may regulate ourselves accordingly as much as lies in our power so as to surprize and seize them. Donr, Wildwyck, the 21st August 1663."

Escorted said Couwenhoven to the Redoubt on the -river's side and he sailed again to the Wappingers in the yacht. A party was also in the field with the boors ; they returned home without seeing anything.

22nd ditto. Sent out one escort with the reapers and two parties to liein ambush, but it commenced raining about noon and they came in. The rain came down in such torrents that the boors were obliged to take up the Bridge lest it be carried away as it. was three weeks ago. It is to be feared that considerable grain will be destroyed in the field for want of reapers, in consequence of the great rain that has fallen, for a great deal of grain lies under water and the farmers on an average have not harvested above one fourth part of it. Nothing else occurred to day, except that the great rain carried away several of the palisades of the fort.

234 ditto. Sent an Order to the Sheriff and Commissaries and directed them to have the palisades of the fort replaced. It reads word for word as follows :--

" Acte.

"The Sheriff and Commissaries of this Village of Wildwyck are hereby ordered and directed to have replaced and repaired the palisades of this Fort, which were washed away by the water, and the same is urgently required. Done, Wildwyck the 23¢ August, 1663."

Nothing else occurred to day, except that the great rain carried away several of the palisades of the fort.

234 ditto. Sent an Order to the Sheriff and Commissaries and directed them to have the palisades of the fort replaced. It reads word for word as follows :--

" Acte.

"The Sheriff and Commissaries of this Village of Wildwyck are hereby ordered and directed to have replaced and repaired the palisades of this Fort, which were washed away by the water, and the same is urgently required. Done, Wildwyck the 23¢ August, 1663."

The Answer of the Court of the Village of Wildwyck.

The Court of this Village Wildwyck having seen and read this, find that it cannot be done at present, inasmuch as the grain in the field is almost ruined, and it is necessary to draw it home as soon as possible with the aid of all hands. Wildwyck, 23¢ August, 1663, (was subscribed) Rornor Swartwour. Lower stood--By crded of the Worshipful Court of the Village of Wildwyele, (signed)

Matrys Ge cies Secretary. .

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SECOND ESOPUS WAR, 67

Two detachments were out in the field with the reapers; did not remark any thing.

24th ditto. Sent out two detachments with the reapers and one in ambush. They returned in the evening, having seen nothing. Received a letter at night from Lieutenant Couwenhoven, which he had sent up from the Wappingers creek by an Indian, a Dutchman and two captive christian children belonging to the wife of the gunner who was on board the sloop with said Couwenhoven ; and as the Indian told me he had given the captive Squaw, whom we had entrusted to said Couwenhoven, in exchange for these two children, without any hope of a general redemption ; and that he had so thoughtlessly and contrary to orders surrendered this Squaw for the two children on an uncertainty, not knowing whether he should receive another prisoner or not; now let him defend himself to the Director» General and Council.

Received a letter at night from Lieutenant Couwenhoven, which he had sent up from the Wappingers creek by an Indian, a Dutchman and two captive christian children belonging to the wife of the gunner who was on board the sloop with said Couwenhoven ; and as the Indian told me he had given the captive Squaw, whom we had entrusted to said Couwenhoven, in exchange for these two children, without any hope of a general redemption ; and that he had so thoughtlessly and contrary to orders surrendered this Squaw for the two children on an uncertainty, not knowing whether he should receive another prisoner or not; now let him defend himself to the Director» General and Council. Said Couwenhoven's letter was to this effect : That he hopes to get all the prisoners, but that he should be in want of supplies; for the powder he has is good for nothing, and the ery among the Indians is all for powder and brandy ; requests me to send him 'some, as it was for the public good ; that the Sachem had gone with five men into the interior, and had promised him to return with all the christian captives ; had given him the Squaw in order to succeed the better for us, and he had a fair prospect for a good delivery. . In case it happened otherwise then he should acquaint me of it, and so forth, as appears by his letter. It is Dated the 25th August, but I received it on the 24 August; this happened through a mistake of his in writing. Domine Blom departed hence to-day, with his wife, for the Manhatans; had him escorted to the river side by Ensign Niessen and forty men. Experienced no harm on the way. Noe

Said Couwenhoven's letter was to this effect : That he hopes to get all the prisoners, but that he should be in want of supplies; for the powder he has is good for nothing, and the ery among the Indians is all for powder and brandy ; requests me to send him 'some, as it was for the public good ; that the Sachem had gone with five men into the interior, and had promised him to return with all the christian captives ; had given him the Squaw in order to succeed the better for us, and he had a fair prospect for a good delivery. . In case it happened otherwise then he should acquaint me of it, and so forth, as appears by his letter. It is Dated the 25th August, but I received it on the 24 August; this happened through a mistake of his in writing. Domine Blom departed hence to-day, with his wife, for the Manhatans; had him escorted to the river side by Ensign Niessen and forty men. Experienced no harm on the way. Noe

. 25% ditto. Sent down the Indian and the Dutchman again to

the sloop lying by the Wappingers, with some bread. Also 'sent a letter to Lieutenant Couwenhoven, which reads as follows : " Good friend, Lieutenant Couwenhoven. Your letter came to "hand, and I have noted its contents. As regards your surren- , "der of the Squaw before you had in exchange all our prisoners, | "in my opinion it is not well done. But you, yourself, must

Sent down the Indian and the Dutchman again to

the sloop lying by the Wappingers, with some bread. Also 'sent a letter to Lieutenant Couwenhoven, which reads as follows : " Good friend, Lieutenant Couwenhoven. Your letter came to "hand, and I have noted its contents. As regards your surren- , "der of the Squaw before you had in exchange all our prisoners, | "in my opinion it is not well done. But you, yourself, must

68 JOURNAL OF THE

" vindicate that act. Inanswer to your reyuest for Sewan and "Brandy, I have none, as you well know, and the Council of "War does not consider it prudent to furnish our enemies with "powder at this conjuncture. You promise to do your best for "our Christians in captivity, and to get these out of their hands. 'Should you not succeed, you will act according as you have " been already instructed and told. I send you some bread and "request you not to go to the Manhatans, but first come here to "take off the sick and wounded. You can see whether you " will not be able to obtain some sewan and brandy from the " passing sloops, for if I had any and should send them to you, "they would run great risk of being plundered on the way by "the Indians. Dore, Wildwyck the 25th August, 1663." Had three parties out; two with the reapers and one in ambush. They returned in the evening having seen nothing.

I send you some bread and "request you not to go to the Manhatans, but first come here to "take off the sick and wounded. You can see whether you " will not be able to obtain some sewan and brandy from the " passing sloops, for if I had any and should send them to you, "they would run great risk of being plundered on the way by "the Indians. Dore, Wildwyck the 25th August, 1663." Had three parties out; two with the reapers and one in ambush. They returned in the evening having seen nothing.

26th ditto. Two escorts were down to the river-side to bring up supplies and some soldiers' wives coming from the Manhatans ; a party lay in ambush behind the newly burnt village ; returned in the evening without having remarked any thing.

27th ditto. There were two detachments with the reapers in the field and one in ambush, returned in the evening without meeting any thing.

28th ditto. Had two parties again in the field and one in ambush ; returned in the evening having seen nothing.

29th ditto. Two detachments were out again in the field with the reapers, and one in ambush. Saw nothing. A soldier of Lieut. Stilwil's Company was wounded by his Sergeant in some dispute respecting orders. Said soldier was arrested and afterwards examined by the court martial, and it was found that the Sergeant was as blameworthy as the soldier. The soldier, who is named Thomas Coeck, is condemned by the court martial to stand sentry with six muskets forthe space of three days, and during one hour each day.

Two detachments were out again in the field with the reapers, and one in ambush. Saw nothing. A soldier of Lieut. Stilwil's Company was wounded by his Sergeant in some dispute respecting orders. Said soldier was arrested and afterwards examined by the court martial, and it was found that the Sergeant was as blameworthy as the soldier. The soldier, who is named Thomas Coeck, is condemned by the court martial to stand sentry with six muskets forthe space of three days, and during one hour each day.

30th ditto. Lieutenant Couwenhoven returned from the Wappingers at the Redoubt with the yacht, and arrived in Wildwyck with his people and the two Wappinger Indians, but released and liberated the Squaw there ; could not obtain any more Christian captives from the Esopus Indians. The

SECOND ESOPUS WAR 69

Wappinger Sachem had been with the Esopus Indians at their fort, (which they were erecting anew,) in order to ascertain if he could not obtain the release of the Christian captives. But when he had been two to three days with them in their new fort, to negotiate with them respecting the prisoners, two Mohawks and one Minqua came there with Sewan and a long message, which rendered the Esopus Indians so ill disposed towards the Wappinger Sachem that they caused him to depart. He then returned without receiving any other Christian Captives. He came on board of Lieutenant Couwenhoven and told the same to him, and said Lieutenant reported it tome. Now, I cannot imagine what there is in it. Convened the Council of War and they resolved and concluded to attack with one hundred and twenty men the Esopus Indians who reside in their new fort about four hours farther than their first fort which we had burnt. We take with us as a guide one of our captured Wappinger Indians.

He came on board of Lieutenant Couwenhoven and told the same to him, and said Lieutenant reported it tome. Now, I cannot imagine what there is in it. Convened the Council of War and they resolved and concluded to attack with one hundred and twenty men the Esopus Indians who reside in their new fort about four hours farther than their first fort which we had burnt. We take with us as a guide one of our captured Wappinger Indians. Meanwhile issued rations to the people, and orders to start on the expedition this evening or to-morrow morning ; but as it began to rain in the afternoon we did not set out today. Sent an Order to the Sheriff, Commissaries, and Superior officers of the Village of Wildwyck, which reads as follows :--

"¢ Wuereas another expedition is on foot against our enemies, the Esopus Indians, the Sheriff, Commissaries ond Superior officers of the Burghery are requested to furnish twenty horse men from the hired men (Knechts) of this village of Wildwyck to accompany the military in the attack on the Indians. Done, Wildwyck the 30t August, 1663."

Answer of the Court to this Order.

"The Court and Superior officers of this Village of Wildwyck having read the communication sent them by the Captain Lieutenant and Council of War have at their request convoked the farmers and read to them the aforesaid demand, whereunto they gave for answer that they were well disposed to do their best for the public interest, but find at present that the horses fatigued from the harvest, are unfit to be rode by men. The Court having heard this answer, hereby request the Captain Lieutenant and Council of War, if it can be possibly done

"The Court and Superior officers of this Village of Wildwyck having read the communication sent them by the Captain Lieutenant and Council of War have at their request convoked the farmers and read to them the aforesaid demand, whereunto they gave for answer that they were well disposed to do their best for the public interest, but find at present that the horses fatigued from the harvest, are unfit to be rode by men. The Court having heard this answer, hereby request the Captain Lieutenant and Council of War, if it can be possibly done

40 JOURNAL OF THE

without prejudice to the public Service, that the expedition be postponed for six or.seven days until the harvest be completed as the grain yetin the field is already injured. Dons, Wildwyck, this 30% August 1663, (was subscribed) Rortor Swartwovr. (Lower Stood) By Order of the Sheriff, Commissaries and Superior officers of the Burghery in Wildwyck (signed) Marrurvs Caprio, Secretary." Nothing else occurred to-day.

_ 31% ditto. It rained somewhat all this day, therefore the expedition must rest for the present ; sent an escort to the river side and victualled the people at 'the Redoubt and Sloop. Asked the Sheriff and Commissaries, verbally, whether they could not get some horses to accompany us in the attack so that we may be able to place the wounded on them if we happen to have any. After great trouble they obtained six horses from a few, but spiteful and insulting words from many. One said, Let those furnish horses who commenced the war. Another said, Tl give 'em the Devil--if they want any thing they will have to take it by force. The third said, I must first have my horse valued and have security for it ; and so forth with much other foul and unbecoming language, not to be repeated.

After great trouble they obtained six horses from a few, but spiteful and insulting words from many. One said, Let those furnish horses who commenced the war. Another said, Tl give 'em the Devil--if they want any thing they will have to take it by force. The third said, I must first have my horse valued and have security for it ; and so forth with much other foul and unbecoming language, not to be repeated.

Ist September. Thomas the Irishman and Claesje Hoorn arrived with their yachts at the Kill from the Manhatans ; sent an escort to the river side ; intended to set forth to day but the arrival of the yachts and the escort to the river side prevented this, and the weather was so lowering and threatened rain so

"much that we concluded to start next night towards the break of day; but as it rained the whole night we could not setout. Nothing else occurred to day. A party was out in the field with the farmers, but nothing happened.

,* 24 ditto. Sunday. The weather continued lowering, and

heavy rain fell. In the afternoon very heavy rain fell again so that we could not stir out. Nothing occurred during the entire day.

34 ditto. About one o'clock in the afternoon we started from fort Wildwyck, having of my company two and twenty men; of "Lieutenant Stilwil's company, four and twenty men, and seven

freemen, with two of the Honble Company's Negroes. We took as guide the young Wappinger Indian, and Christoffel Davids as

heavy rain fell. In the afternoon very heavy rain fell again so that we could not stir out. Nothing occurred during the entire day.

34 ditto. About one o'clock in the afternoon we started from fort Wildwyck, having of my company two and twenty men; of "Lieutenant Stilwil's company, four and twenty men, and seven

freemen, with two of the Honble Company's Negroes. We took as guide the young Wappinger Indian, and Christoffel Davids as

SECOND ESOPUS WAR. 11

Indian interpreter, and promised the Indian his freedom with a cloth coat, on condition that he brought us truly to the Esopus Indians. We got eight horses with very great difficulty from the farmers, as they were so very unwilling and could not be brought to give us any horses, except Thomas Chambers, who, without any solicitation, presented me with two for the expedition. Several of the others, who would not give any, used much offensive language to the Sheriff and to the company's officers, saying--" They will have horses ; they may see if they can get them." Marched that afternoon about three miles from our fort to the creek which runs past the Redoubt ; lay there that night, during which we had great rain. 4th ditto. Found such high water and swift current in the Kill that it was impossible to ford it ; sent six men immediately on horseback to our fort Wildwyck to fetch rope and axes to make a raft or some other convenience to cross the creek ; they returned to us about ten o'clock ; brought three axes and rope. Passed the rope over the stream in order to hold fast to it so that the people may not be swept far down the creek. Crossed over with all the men about two o'clock in the afternoon and marched about four miles further on, where we bivouacked during the night.

Found such high water and swift current in the Kill that it was impossible to ford it ; sent six men immediately on horseback to our fort Wildwyck to fetch rope and axes to make a raft or some other convenience to cross the creek ; they returned to us about ten o'clock ; brought three axes and rope. Passed the rope over the stream in order to hold fast to it so that the people may not be swept far down the creek. Crossed over with all the men about two o'clock in the afternoon and marched about four miles further on, where we bivouacked during the night. Considerable rain fell this afternoon. 5th ditto. Set out again at day break, and about noon came 'to their first maize field where we discovered two Squaws and a Dutch woman ; who had come that morning from their new fort to get corn. But as the creek lay between us and the cornfield, though we would fain have the women it was impossible to ford the stream without being seen and then discovered. We. therefore, adopted the resolution to avoid the cornfield and the road, and turned in through the woods so as not to be seen.« Arrived about two o'clock in the afternoon within sight of their fort, which we discovered situate on a lofty plain. Divided our force in two--Lieutenant Couwenhoven and I led the right wing, and Lieutenant Stilwil and Ensign Niessen the left wing. Proceeded in this disposition along the hill so as not to be seen and in order to come right under the fort ; but 'as it was somewhat level on the left side of the fort and the soldiers were seen by a Squaw, who was piling wood there and who sent forth a terrible

Divided our force in two--Lieutenant Couwenhoven and I led the right wing, and Lieutenant Stilwil and Ensign Niessen the left wing. Proceeded in this disposition along the hill so as not to be seen and in order to come right under the fort ; but 'as it was somewhat level on the left side of the fort and the soldiers were seen by a Squaw, who was piling wood there and who sent forth a terrible

72 JOURNAL OF THE

scream which was heard by the Indians who were standing and working near the fort, we instantly fell upon them. The Indians rushed forthwith through the fort towards their houses, which stood about astoue's throw from the fort, in order to secure their arms, and thus hastily picked upa few guns and bows and arrows, but we were so hot at their heels that they were forced to leave many of them behind. We kept up a sharp fire on them and pursued them so closely that they leaped into the creek which ran in front of the lower part of their maize land. On reaching the opposite side of the Kill, they courageously returned our fire, which we sent back, so that we were obliged to. send a party across to dislodge them. In this attack, the Indians lost their Chief, named Papequanaehen, fourteen other warriors, four women and three children, whom we saw lying both on this and on the other side of the creek but probably many more were wounded, when rushing from the fort to the houses, when we'did give them a brave charge. On our side three were killed and six wounded and we have recovered three and twenty Christian prisoners out of their hands. We have also taken thirteen of them prisoners, both men and women, besides an old man who accompanied us about half an hour but would not -go farther.

In this attack, the Indians lost their Chief, named Papequanaehen, fourteen other warriors, four women and three children, whom we saw lying both on this and on the other side of the creek but probably many more were wounded, when rushing from the fort to the houses, when we'did give them a brave charge. On our side three were killed and six wounded and we have recovered three and twenty Christian prisoners out of their hands. We have also taken thirteen of them prisoners, both men and women, besides an old man who accompanied us about half an hour but would not -go farther. We took him aside and gave him his last meal. A Captive Indian Child died on the way, so that there remained eleven of them still our prisoners. The enemy being conquered, we reviewed our men; found we had one wounded more than we had horses. Convened the Council of War ; submitted to them what was now best for us to do relative to cutting down the maize. The Council of war decided that we could indeed cut it down, but were any more of our men wounded, how could they be removed having already one more than we had horses, and this one must be borne, with great trouble, on a litter by two. _ Resolved to let the maize stand for the present ; plundered the

houses wherein was considerable booty, such as bear skins, deer skins, notassen, blankets, elk hides, besides several other smaller articles many of which we were obliged to leave behind that we could not bring along with us, for we could well fill a sloop. We destroyed as much as we could ; broke the kettles into pieces ; got also twenty four or five guns, more than the half of

The Council of war decided that we could indeed cut it down, but were any more of our men wounded, how could they be removed having already one more than we had horses, and this one must be borne, with great trouble, on a litter by two. _ Resolved to let the maize stand for the present ; plundered the

houses wherein was considerable booty, such as bear skins, deer skins, notassen, blankets, elk hides, besides several other smaller articles many of which we were obliged to leave behind that we could not bring along with us, for we could well fill a sloop. We destroyed as much as we could ; broke the kettles into pieces ; got also twenty four or five guns, more than the half of

SECOND ESOPUS WAR 13

which we smashed and threw the barrels here and there in the stream, hacking and breaking in pieces as many as we could. Found, also, several horns and bags of powder, in all about twenty pounds ; got also thirty one belts and some strings of wampum ; took the best of the booty along and resolved to set off. Placed the wounded on the horses and had one carried ina blanket on poles by two soldiers in turns. Set out thus in good order on our return and marched that day full two miles from the fort. The fort was a perfect square with one row of palisades set all round being about fifteen feet above, and three feet under ground. They had already completed two angles of stout palisades, all of them almost as thick as a man's body, having two rows of portholes, one above the other; and they were busy at the third angle. These angles were constructed so solid and strong as not to be excelled by Christians.

The fort was a perfect square with one row of palisades set all round being about fifteen feet above, and three feet under ground. They had already completed two angles of stout palisades, all of them almost as thick as a man's body, having two rows of portholes, one above the other; and they were busy at the third angle. These angles were constructed so solid and strong as not to be excelled by Christians. The fort was not so large as the one we had already burnt. The Christian prisoners informed us that they were removed every night into the woods, each night to a different place, through fear of the Dutch, and brought back in the morning ; but on the day before we attacked them, a Mohawk visited them, who slept with them during the night. When they would convey the Christian Captives again into the woods, the Mohawk said to the Esopus Indians--What! do you carry the Christian prisoners every night into the woods? To which they answered--yes. Whereupon the Mohawk said, Let them remain at liberty here for you live so far in the woods that the Dutch will not come hither, for they cannot come so far without being discovered before they reach you. Wherefore they kept the prisoners by them that night. The Mohawk departed inthe morning for the Manessings and left a new blanket and two pieces of cloth which fell to us also as booty ; and we came just that day and fell on them. so that a portion of them is entirely annihilated. Wherefore praise and thanks be given to God Almighty. The course lies about South South West to the Indians new fort which is distant about 12 miles'. The way is somewhat stoney and hilly, but the road for the greater part is

The Mohawk departed inthe morning for the Manessings and left a new blanket and two pieces of cloth which fell to us also as booty ; and we came just that day and fell on them. so that a portion of them is entirely annihilated. Wherefore praise and thanks be given to God Almighty. The course lies about South South West to the Indians new fort which is distant about 12 miles'. The way is somewhat stoney and hilly, but the road for the greater part is

1 This line leadsto about Bloominburg, in the town of Mamakating, Sullivan Co. in the vicinity of which village it is presumed the above battle was fought. Ep.

4 JOURNAL OF THE

good. After leaving their fort we marched that day two miles where we passed the night. Perceived the Indians on the road.

6th ditto. Early in the morning we started anew; were obliged to cross a rapid, stoney creek, and came this day just beyond the Esopus Kill, which runs by the Redoubt, where we remained this night, and there died the Indian child, which we threw into the creek. Saw scarcely any Indians that day on the road.

7h ditto. Started again and arrived about noon at Wildwyck; did not remark any thing by the way.

8th, An escort attended the reapers in the field ; returned in the evening without having seen any thing. Christoffels Davids departed.

9th ditto. Sunday. Lieutenant Stilwil and Lieutenant Couwenhoven left for the Manhatans with the sloop; sent with them seven wounded and some sick, together with seventeen of Lieutenant Stilwil's men and twelve of my company ; had them escorted to the river side. Nothing else occurred to-day.

Started again and arrived about noon at Wildwyck; did not remark any thing by the way.

8th, An escort attended the reapers in the field ; returned in the evening without having seen any thing. Christoffels Davids departed.

9th ditto. Sunday. Lieutenant Stilwil and Lieutenant Couwenhoven left for the Manhatans with the sloop; sent with them seven wounded and some sick, together with seventeen of Lieutenant Stilwil's men and twelve of my company ; had them escorted to the river side. Nothing else occurred to-day.

10' ditto. Two detachments were out with the reapers and those driving the teams. Nothing occurred. They returned about three o'clock in the afternoon, as it commenced raining hard and they saw nothing.

11 ditto. Nothing new ; it rained the entire day.

12' ditto. Two yachts arrived at the Redoubt from Fort Orange ; had Reyntje Pietersen and Hans Carolussen escorted up; detached a party in Ambush and one in the field with those pulling Hemp, but nothing happened.

13' ditto. Nothing occurred as it rained the whole day.

, 14t> ditto. Sent an escort to the Redoubt by the river side. . Nothing else transpired, as it rained again nearly the, entire day.

15" ditto. Maet Seeu arrived at the Redoubt with his boat and eight soldiers and some letters from the Heeren Councillors, dated 13 September. Had him conducted up to the village of Wildwyck. An ordinance is enacted by the Council of War ; it reads as follows:

| i

,

, 14t> ditto. Sent an escort to the Redoubt by the river side. . Nothing else transpired, as it rained again nearly the, entire day.

15" ditto. Maet Seeu arrived at the Redoubt with his boat and eight soldiers and some letters from the Heeren Councillors, dated 13 September. Had him conducted up to the village of Wildwyck. An ordinance is enacted by the Council of War ; it reads as follows:

| i

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SECOND ESOPUS WAR.° 75

"" Orpinance made and enacted bysthe Captain Lieutenant and valiant Council of War Commanding the Military troops at Wildwyck in the Esopus.

"Whereas it is found by daily experience that several of the

military do, without permission of the Serjeant or Corporal, leave their posts or stations either to work with the farmers or on

|

} some other pretence, Wherefore the Captain Lieutenant and i) ordered and directed, as they do hereby order and direct--

valiant Council of War being desirous to provide therefor, have

iL

" That no one shall presume to quit his post or station without "permission of the Segeant or Corporal in command, under the penalty of twenty stivers for the first offence, 40 dtivers for the second, and arbitrary punishment for the third.

2.

"No person shall presume to take or steal another's gun, 'powder or lead in any manner whatsoever, on pain of corporal -punishment, according to the gravity of the case.

3.

'Neither shall any person, be he who he may, commence or begin any quarrel on guard, much less come drunk or to drink there, under a penalty of twenty stivers for each offence.

" That no one shall presume to quit his post or station without "permission of the Segeant or Corporal in command, under the penalty of twenty stivers for the first offence, 40 dtivers for the second, and arbitrary punishment for the third.

2.

"No person shall presume to take or steal another's gun, 'powder or lead in any manner whatsoever, on pain of corporal -punishment, according to the gravity of the case.

3.

'Neither shall any person, be he who he may, commence or begin any quarrel on guard, much less come drunk or to drink there, under a penalty of twenty stivers for each offence.

'Every one shall hold himself in readiness with his gun, duly provided with powder and ball, to appear immediately,

or on the first command of the superior or inferior officer, _ wherever he may be required, then to await further orders, and whoever acts contrary or disobeys herein shall be arbitrarily

punished according to his deserts, pursuant to the sentence of the Court Martial. 5. "No one shall go from one guard or post to another without 'taking with him his proper hand and side arms, so that he may _be immediately prepared to defend himself in case of alarm,

under a penalty of twenty stivers for each offence, and as often

as he shall be found disobeying herein. Tuxus pong by the Capt

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Lieutenant and valiant Cotincil of War, in Wildwyck, this 15 September, 1663." Nothing else occurred, inasmuch as it was again rainy weather. 16th ditto. Sunday. Nothing occurred and no detachment was sent out. 17h ditto. Maet Seeu left again with his boat; took with -- him two sick, Peter Andriessen and Jan Coppenou and two horses for Monsieur Verlet and sundry empty barrels for the Hon!e Company ; had him escorted to the Redoubt by 32 men. .

Lieutenant and valiant Cotincil of War, in Wildwyck, this 15 September, 1663." Nothing else occurred, inasmuch as it was again rainy weather. 16th ditto. Sunday. Nothing occurred and no detachment was sent out. 17h ditto. Maet Seeu left again with his boat; took with -- him two sick, Peter Andriessen and Jan Coppenou and two horses for Monsieur Verlet and sundry empty barrels for the Hon!e Company ; had him escorted to the Redoubt by 32 men. . Thomas the Irishman arrived to day, at the Redoubt and a small straw cabin in which a soldier resided was burnt, but nothing can be ascertained as to how the fire originated. Meanwhile the Soldier lost all his property. Nothing else occurred this day. 18th ditto. Presented the following request to the Magistrates of this village of Wildwyck :--" Whereas the Heer Director. General and the Heeren Councillors have written to us here that -- it is their intention to send hither, by the first opportunity, additional Soldiers and a party of Marseping Savages,' to seek out and subdue as much as possible the Esopus Indians, our enemy, the Captain Lieutenant and Council of War, therefore, request the Sheriff and Commissaries of this village of Wildwyck to be pleased to allot two or three houses in this village to lodge, provisionally, the aforesaid force whenever it shall arrive. This -- doing, our friendship shall follow. Dons, Wildwyck, 18% Sept -- 1663." Answer of the Court as follows :--' The W. Court hav-_ ing looked around at the request of the Capt. Lieutenant and Council of War for proper lodgings for the coming forces, have induced Pieter Jacobsen to give his mill for 40 to 50 Soldiers, and the W. Court will do its best to find out quarters for the Savages. Done, Wildwyck, this 18 September 1663. (was sub- | scribed) Rortor Swartwour. (Lower stood) By order of the W.

Dons, Wildwyck, 18% Sept -- 1663." Answer of the Court as follows :--' The W. Court hav-_ ing looked around at the request of the Capt. Lieutenant and Council of War for proper lodgings for the coming forces, have induced Pieter Jacobsen to give his mill for 40 to 50 Soldiers, and the W. Court will do its best to find out quarters for the Savages. Done, Wildwyck, this 18 September 1663. (was sub- | scribed) Rortor Swartwour. (Lower stood) By order of the W. Court in Wildwyck aforesaid. Marrueus Capriro, Secretary. Two detachments were out, to day, with the reapers in the field

1 These were Queens Co. Indians. Thompson calls them Marsepeagues, and says their principal settlement was at Fort Neck. Ep.

SECOND ESOPUS WAR. 77

and at the Great Plot, and 20 men in ambush. Returned in the evening ; saw nothing.

19 ditto. Thomas the Irishman sailed for the Manhatans ; | had him-escorted. Two detachments were out in the field with | the reapers, but saw nothing.

20 ditto. Two detachments were out at the Great Plot by Tjerck's to cut oats and to plough; they returned in the evening having seen nothing. 21st ditto. Two detachments went out again; one with the _ ploughers, the other with those drawing home the oats, but they _ did not see any thing. 22¢ ditto. Another detachment was out in the field with the | ploughmen ; saw nothing. Sent a party about midnight along _ the Kill where some maize lay; distant South from Wildwyck _ about 2 hours' march ; but on arriving there found. only a small patch of maize, as it had all been plucked by some straggling Indians or bears. Our people took away the remainder, but -- *twas of little value.

Two detachments went out again; one with the _ ploughers, the other with those drawing home the oats, but they _ did not see any thing. 22¢ ditto. Another detachment was out in the field with the | ploughmen ; saw nothing. Sent a party about midnight along _ the Kill where some maize lay; distant South from Wildwyck _ about 2 hours' march ; but on arriving there found. only a small patch of maize, as it had all been plucked by some straggling Indians or bears. Our people took away the remainder, but -- *twas of little value. The Indian prisoners whom we hold had first informed us, to day, that a small spot of corn had been planted there principally to supply food to stragglers who went to and fro to injure the Christians. Should they come again they'll not find any food.

234 ditto. Sunday. Nothing particular. Towards evening sent a convoy to the river side to bring up bread for the garrison. About eleven o'clock that night sent out a party to the Sager's little kill in an easterly! direction from our village of Wildwyck about three miles from our fort, having been informed that there was some maize there, to see if they could not remove it thence, either by land or water.

24t ditto. Monday. The party that was sent out in the night returned home about two o'clock in the afternoon ; they were at Suger's Killetie, on the Indians' maize plantation, but saw no Indians nor any thing to indicate that they had been there for a long time, for the maize had not been hoed, (aangehoocht) and could not come to its full growth, but had been

About eleven o'clock that night sent out a party to the Sager's little kill in an easterly! direction from our village of Wildwyck about three miles from our fort, having been informed that there was some maize there, to see if they could not remove it thence, either by land or water.

24t ditto. Monday. The party that was sent out in the night returned home about two o'clock in the afternoon ; they were at Suger's Killetie, on the Indians' maize plantation, but saw no Indians nor any thing to indicate that they had been there for a long time, for the maize had not been hoed, (aangehoocht) and could not come to its full growth, but had been

1 Oostlyck. This must evidently be an error, as they could not go 3 Dutch or 9 English miles from Kingston, in an easterly direction. It is presumed that '*northeasterly " was intended, in which direction Saugerties lies. Ep

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much injured by the wild beasts ; neither will any of it reach

perfection, except one plantation which was good, having been:

hoed by the Indians. 'Iwas, however, much injured by the wild beasts; each of our people brought a load of it home on his back, and left some more standing, which we will when convenient bring hither. They also say that it is beautiful maize land, suitable for a number of bouweries and for the immediate reception of the plough. Had an escort in the field to bring in the oats and buckwheat, and sent one to the Redoubt, as Domine Blom had arrived in the Spaniard's yacht, and some supplies had also been sent from the Manhatans by the Heeren Councillors for the troops in the Esopus. Otherwise, nothing particular occurred to-day.

They also say that it is beautiful maize land, suitable for a number of bouweries and for the immediate reception of the plough. Had an escort in the field to bring in the oats and buckwheat, and sent one to the Redoubt, as Domine Blom had arrived in the Spaniard's yacht, and some supplies had also been sent from the Manhatans by the Heeren Councillors for the troops in the Esopus. Otherwise, nothing particular occurred to-day.

25% ditto. Had an escort in the field with the ploughmen, and sent one to the river side to fetch up supplies or provisions. A soldier named Jurien Jansen fell out of a canoe at the Redoubt and was drowned ; he was reaching for a squirrel and the canoe thus upset and he was drowned. * Nothing else occurred to-day except sending some horses and wagons to fort Orange which were required by the owners.

26% ditto. Lieutenant Couwenhoven arrived a the Redoubt and Wildwyck with some Marseping Savages. Sent a detachment to the water side to fetch up some supplies. Inasmuch as Lieutenant Couwenhoven has arrived at Wildwyck, and the gunner's wife has again brought a quantity of strong drink along, which she retails as well to Indians as to Christians, without making any exception as to habitual drunkards, and furnishes them with so much that they cannot distinguish even the door of the house, and then, coming out, fight with and strike

the Indians. Therefore, desirous to prevent all mischiefs which might arise from strong drink, the rather as an expedition is again about to set out, according to letters from the Supreme

Inasmuch as Lieutenant Couwenhoven has arrived at Wildwyck, and the gunner's wife has again brought a quantity of strong drink along, which she retails as well to Indians as to Christians, without making any exception as to habitual drunkards, and furnishes them with so much that they cannot distinguish even the door of the house, and then, coming out, fight with and strike

the Indians. Therefore, desirous to prevent all mischiefs which might arise from strong drink, the rather as an expedition is again about to set out, according to letters from the Supreme

Council, and in order to have sober and proper men to march at.

the first command of the officers, the Capt Lieutenant and. valiant Council of War have, for the present, sent an order to. the Sheriff of this Village, which reads as follows-- The Capt Lieutenant and valiant Council of War having orders from the Supreme government to get up another expedition, and the

' ' i i :

SECOND ESOPUS WAR 79

entire military, and the Natives our friends, the Marseping Indians, being here also holding themselves in readiness to set out at the first conimand of the officers. The Capt Lieutenant and valiant Council of War do therefore hereby authorize and order Sheriff. Swartwout of this village to notify and forbid the tappers or retailers of strong drink who follow the profession of selling liquor in this village, that they do not under present circumstances sell strong drink to any one, be he Christian or Indian, under the forfeiture of the intoxicating liquor that may be found in his house. Done, Wildwyck, 26% September, 1663." Meanwhile, nothing else occurred to-day.

The Capt Lieutenant and valiant Council of War do therefore hereby authorize and order Sheriff. Swartwout of this village to notify and forbid the tappers or retailers of strong drink who follow the profession of selling liquor in this village, that they do not under present circumstances sell strong drink to any one, be he Christian or Indian, under the forfeiture of the intoxicating liquor that may be found in his house. Done, Wildwyck, 26% September, 1663." Meanwhile, nothing else occurred to-day.

~ 27 ditto. An escort was in the field with the ploughmen and one to the river side to fetch up provisions. Nothing else happened.

28 ditto. The Council of War engaged Derrick Smith to remain at the Redoubt with his yacht until we return with the troops from the expedition, in order to carry back the forces and _ Marseping Indians, and agreed with said Smith that he shall have 'in Seawan eight guilders light money per day. A detachment was out in the field with the ploughmen ; 10 to 12 of our Indians were out in the bush shooting. They returned in the evening ; say that they have discovered signs of where the Indians are gone to. Nothing else occurred to day.

29t ditto. Convened the Council of war and resolved and concluded to set out on another expedition against the Esopus Indians next Monday being the 1st of October, and each man shall be furnished with three pounds of biscuit, one pound of powder and one pound of ball for the expedition. An order is also given to the Sheriff and Commissaries as follows--" Whereas by orders from the Director General and Council of New Netherland an expedition is about to set out against the Esopus Indians, our enemies and sixteen horses are required to accompany and to be used by said expedition, the Capt.

Convened the Council of war and resolved and concluded to set out on another expedition against the Esopus Indians next Monday being the 1st of October, and each man shall be furnished with three pounds of biscuit, one pound of powder and one pound of ball for the expedition. An order is also given to the Sheriff and Commissaries as follows--" Whereas by orders from the Director General and Council of New Netherland an expedition is about to set out against the Esopus Indians, our enemies and sixteen horses are required to accompany and to be used by said expedition, the Capt. Lieutenant and Valiant [Council of War,| therefore request the Sheriff and Commissaries of this Village of Wildwyck to supply said horses from the inhabitants by the first of October proximo, being next Monday. Done, Wildwyck the 29% September 1663." A detachment was

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in the field with the ploughmen, and one to the river side ; Saw nothing. :

30t September, Sunday afternoon, caused powder and ball to be distributed to the soldiers and Indians; one pound powder, one pound lead each, with three pounds biscuit for this expedition. Nothing else happened to day.

1st October being Monday, we marched from Wildwyck with these following troops; of the Military 102 men; of the Marseping Indians 46 men ; of the freemen 6 ; with 14 horses obtained from the farmers of Wildwyck for the use of the expedition so as to be able to accommodate the wounded, should we have any. Marched with these troops about 9 hours and arrived in the evening about 7 miles from Wildwyck where we passed the night. Experienced scarcely any trouble through the day ; had considerable rain in the night.

1st October being Monday, we marched from Wildwyck with these following troops; of the Military 102 men; of the Marseping Indians 46 men ; of the freemen 6 ; with 14 horses obtained from the farmers of Wildwyck for the use of the expedition so as to be able to accommodate the wounded, should we have any. Marched with these troops about 9 hours and arrived in the evening about 7 miles from Wildwyck where we passed the night. Experienced scarcely any trouble through the day ; had considerable rain in the night.

Qnd ditto. Started again with our troops and about two o'clock in the afternoon came to the fort of the Esopus Indians where we had attacked them on the 5t® September and there found five . large pits into which they had cast their dead. The wolves had ~ rooted up and devoured some of them. Lower down on the Kill were four other pits full of dead Indians and we found, futher on, three Indians with a Squaw anda Child that. lay unburied and almost wholly devoured by the ravens and the wolves. Sent out, immediately a party of Dutch men and Indians four miles beyond the fort in a South westerly direction where our guide presumed some Esopus Indians would be, but on coming there discovered nothing but some wigwams which had been a long time abandoned by the Indians. Meanwhile I had been over the Kill with a party of men and pulled off the corn and threw it into the Kill. The troops returned in the evening withoni having seen any Indians. About two. miles from the fort perceived the trail of two Indians who had gone across the mountain ; supposed to be strange Indians ; The trail was aday old.

Sent out, immediately a party of Dutch men and Indians four miles beyond the fort in a South westerly direction where our guide presumed some Esopus Indians would be, but on coming there discovered nothing but some wigwams which had been a long time abandoned by the Indians. Meanwhile I had been over the Kill with a party of men and pulled off the corn and threw it into the Kill. The troops returned in the evening withoni having seen any Indians. About two. miles from the fort perceived the trail of two Indians who had gone across the mountain ; supposed to be strange Indians ; The trail was aday old.

34 ditto. Early in the morning despatched a party of soldiers and Indians into the woods to see if they could not find any Indians ; sent a detachment again over the Kill to pull up the maize and throw it into the Kill. In the afternoon sent two

SECOND ESOPUS WAR. 81

other detachments into the corn fields to throw the maize.into the creek, as the corn which stood about the fort was al! thrown into the Kill by the evening. After sundown our party returned, without having captured or discovered any. thing.

4% ditto. We pulled up the Indian fort and threw the palisades, one on the other, in sundry heaps and set them on fire, together with the wigwams which stood around the fort, and thus the fort and houses were destroyed and burnt. About 10 o'clock we marched thence down along the creek where lay divers maize plantations, which we also destroyed and cast the corn into the creek. Several large Wigwams stood also there which we burnt. Now, having destroyed every thing, we marched that day, on our return, about four miles further, where we remained with the troops that night by a small creek, the rain falling the entire time.

We pulled up the Indian fort and threw the palisades, one on the other, in sundry heaps and set them on fire, together with the wigwams which stood around the fort, and thus the fort and houses were destroyed and burnt. About 10 o'clock we marched thence down along the creek where lay divers maize plantations, which we also destroyed and cast the corn into the creek. Several large Wigwams stood also there which we burnt. Now, having destroyed every thing, we marched that day, on our return, about four miles further, where we remained with the troops that night by a small creek, the rain falling the entire time. Two Hackinsack Indians who had come up with the Marsepings staid behind at the fort. They told the Chief that they should return home from thence, as they could reach Hackinsack .as soon as Esopus; but the Chief did not mention it to us until we had marched back some two miles. These two Indians had, each,a gun from the Esopus, which they took away with them.

5th ditto. Still raining incessantly; but we again resumed our homeward march to Wildwyck. This night one of the farmers' horses strayed away ; searched for it this morning every where, but could not find it. Meanwhile continued our march, and arrived in the evening at Wildwyck. Saw nothing on the road. The course from Wildwyck to the Indians' burnt fort lies mostly South Southwest across several large creeks, some of which are breast-high, some not so deep. The way is very bad - and hilly ; in some places is very fine land.

This night one of the farmers' horses strayed away ; searched for it this morning every where, but could not find it. Meanwhile continued our march, and arrived in the evening at Wildwyck. Saw nothing on the road. The course from Wildwyck to the Indians' burnt fort lies mostly South Southwest across several large creeks, some of which are breast-high, some not so deep. The way is very bad - and hilly ; in some places is very fine land.

6 ditto. Had two escorts to the river side; nothing else occurred to-day.

7h ditto. Sunday. At break of day sent out forty soldiers with twenty Indians to the Sagers Kulletje, lying easterly (Oost-. waerts) from Wildwyck, where there were two fields planted with maize, for the purpose of destroying this and throwing it into the creek; they returned in the evening each with a load of maize having thrown the remainder into the creck. About

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noon, to day, a-girl was brought up from the Redoubt who, the

day before had arrived on the opposite bank there and was immediately conveyed across [the stream]. When the girl came to Wildwyek she was forthwith asked, where she came from? Said, she had escaped from an Indian who had taken her prisoner) and who resided in the mountain on the other side of the creek about three miles from Wildwyck where he had a hut and a small patch of corn which he had pulled and had been there about three weeks to remove the corn. The Council of War forthwith resolved to send thither forty men to try and catch him, whereupon Ensign Niessen with 36 soldiers and Lieutenant Couwenhoven with:5 Indians were ordered out. They marched from Wildwyck "about noon and crossed over at the Redoubt.

Said, she had escaped from an Indian who had taken her prisoner) and who resided in the mountain on the other side of the creek about three miles from Wildwyck where he had a hut and a small patch of corn which he had pulled and had been there about three weeks to remove the corn. The Council of War forthwith resolved to send thither forty men to try and catch him, whereupon Ensign Niessen with 36 soldiers and Lieutenant Couwenhoven with:5 Indians were ordered out. They marched from Wildwyck "about noon and crossed over at the Redoubt. They reached the hut about sunset which, having completely surrounded, they surprized, but found it empty. The Indian had abandoned it before their arrival. They found a lot of corn near the hut, and another lot at the kill, part of which they burned and brought a part here. Remained in the hut during the night and watched there.

88 ditto. About ten o'clock the troops returned to Wildwyck. Convened the Council of War and resolved and coneluded to send off Lieutenant Couwenhoven and the Marseping Indians and about forty of our soldiers to the Manhatans on the morrow being the ninth of October. The Council of War also resolved to send down all the Indian prisoners likewise to the Manhatans being eleven Esopus Indians, big and little and one Wappinger, making twelve in all, as there is no probability of their béing redeemed here, none of the Esopus Indians coming here to speak to or enquire after them. Nothing else oceurred to day.

Convened the Council of War and resolved and coneluded to send off Lieutenant Couwenhoven and the Marseping Indians and about forty of our soldiers to the Manhatans on the morrow being the ninth of October. The Council of War also resolved to send down all the Indian prisoners likewise to the Manhatans being eleven Esopus Indians, big and little and one Wappinger, making twelve in all, as there is no probability of their béing redeemed here, none of the Esopus Indians coming here to speak to or enquire after them. Nothing else oceurred to day.

9 ditto. Lieutenant Couwenhoven departed in Dirick Smith's yacht, took with him all the Marseping Indians and 40 of the military. Sent no escort to the river side with them. Nothing else happened. The horse which we left on the expedition returned back to Wildwyck to day- ;

- 10 ditto. A detachment was out in the field with the ploughmen--they returned about noon as it began to rain hard. Louis, the Waloon, went to day to fetch his oxen which had gone back of Juriaen Westphaelen's land. As he was about to

SECOND ESOPUS War. 83

drive home the oxen, three Indians, who lay in the bush and jntended to seize him, leaped forth. When one of these shot at him with an arrow but only slightly wonnded him, Louis, having a piece of a palisade in his hand, struck the Indian on the breast with it so that he staggered back, and Louis escaped through the kill, and came thence and brought the news into the fort, whereupon two detachments were instantly despatched to attack them, but they had taken to flight and retreated into the woods. And although a party searched for them an hour they could not discover them ; they thereupon returned to Wildwyck.

When one of these shot at him with an arrow but only slightly wonnded him, Louis, having a piece of a palisade in his hand, struck the Indian on the breast with it so that he staggered back, and Louis escaped through the kill, and came thence and brought the news into the fort, whereupon two detachments were instantly despatched to attack them, but they had taken to flight and retreated into the woods. And although a party searched for them an hour they could not discover them ; they thereupon returned to Wildwyck. No other harm was done by the three Indians. This evening the Company's yacht arrived at the Redoubt. Nothing else occurred to day.

11'n ditto. Two detachments were in the field with the ploughmen and one in ambush ; returned in the evening without seeing any thing. i

12' ditto. Two parties were again in the field with the ploughmen. About noon, to day, Reyntje Pieters came from fort Orange with his yacht in which also arrived Thomas Chambers' and Evert Pels. Brought news that Peter the Fleming, residing on the Hast shore opposite Bethlehem had been' warned by a Mohawk to depart if he wish not to be killed, for he said that all the Indians on the East side of fort Orange river had assembled and were to come in five days to attack fort Orange. This Indian had given him this warning, he being his great Nytap' and the Mahicanders and the Cattskill Indians had all abandoned their maize plantations ; yea, had offered to sell divers maize plantations to the Dutch for a piece of cloth. Peter the Fleming brought this news to Fort Orange on Monday, being the 7th of October, the day before he left fort Orange with the yacht.

Brought news that Peter the Fleming, residing on the Hast shore opposite Bethlehem had been' warned by a Mohawk to depart if he wish not to be killed, for he said that all the Indians on the East side of fort Orange river had assembled and were to come in five days to attack fort Orange. This Indian had given him this warning, he being his great Nytap' and the Mahicanders and the Cattskill Indians had all abandoned their maize plantations ; yea, had offered to sell divers maize plantations to the Dutch for a piece of cloth. Peter the Fleming brought this news to Fort Orange on Monday, being the 7th of October, the day before he left fort Orange with the yacht. Now, the result hereof time will determine. TI also received a letter from Cattskill, from Elbert Herbertsen which I enelose to your Honors. It is dated 26th September. In like manner Capt Thomas Chambers informs me that many of the Dutch of Fort Orange are removing in canoes the corn from the Indians? plantations which had been abandoned by the Indians. This' Mohawk had also said that five Indian Nations had assembled

1 An Algonkin word meaning, ' Friend." Ep.

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together ; namely the Mahicanders, the Catskills, the Wappingers, those of Esopus besides another tribe of Indians that dwell half way 'between Fort Orange and Hartford. Now, time will tell what there is herein. He said their place of meeting was on the east side of the fort Orange river, about three miles inland from Claverack, and that they were about five hundred strong. Sent two escorts to the river side to fetch up the Honble Company's goods. They returned to Wildwyck together with the detachments that had been out in the field with the ploughmen.

together ; namely the Mahicanders, the Catskills, the Wappingers, those of Esopus besides another tribe of Indians that dwell half way 'between Fort Orange and Hartford. Now, time will tell what there is herein. He said their place of meeting was on the east side of the fort Orange river, about three miles inland from Claverack, and that they were about five hundred strong. Sent two escorts to the river side to fetch up the Honble Company's goods. They returned to Wildwyck together with the detachments that had been out in the field with the ploughmen. Saw nothing. ;

13 ditto. The Company's yacht returned to the Manhatans; the same day two yachts also arrived from the Manhatans and sailed for fort Orange, after having touched at the Redoubt. A detachment was out in the field with the plough men and one in ambush, and I sent an escort to the river side. The beer sent up by the Heer General was likewise distributrd, to day, to the soldiers. Nothing else occurred.

14th ditto; Sunday--nothing to note except that I sent a convoy in the evening to the river side to drive up some cattle which had arrived from Fort Orange.

15 ditto. Communicated another Onlan to the W. Court relative to the non repairs of the fortress of Wildwyck. It is verbally as follows :--

" Wuereas an Acte dated 234 August has been communicated to the Schout & Commissaries of this Village Wildwyck respecting the repair of this fortress of Wildwyck and nothing resulted therefrom to this date, the Capt. Lieutenant and Council of War do, therefore, again recommend and order the W. Court of this Village of Wildwyck to cause the said fortress to be properly secured by the Commonalty of this Village against all unexpected attacks as necessity requires it, and the fort lies open at divers points as the W.

" Wuereas an Acte dated 234 August has been communicated to the Schout & Commissaries of this Village Wildwyck respecting the repair of this fortress of Wildwyck and nothing resulted therefrom to this date, the Capt. Lieutenant and Council of War do, therefore, again recommend and order the W. Court of this Village of Wildwyck to cause the said fortress to be properly secured by the Commonalty of this Village against all unexpected attacks as necessity requires it, and the fort lies open at divers points as the W. Court can itself see in what state it at present is: Wherefore the W. Court of this Village of Wildwyck is: again condescendingly requested to be pleased to give orders to repair the above mentioned fort in a proper manner, and in default thereof the Capt. Lieutenant and Council of War do hereby protest, should any attack be made by our, enemies 'on this fortress, that they hold themselves guiltless thereof, this

SECOND ESOPUS WAR. 85

fortress being at present incapable of defence--and there appears no disposition as yet to repair it--although the said Capt. Lieutenant and Council of War will perform their duty with the force entrusted to them by the Supreme Government and shall constantly hold themselves in readiness, both in garrison and in the field, to maintain this place for the public interest, trusting that the W. Court will please to give order herein to their Commonalty for the proper reparation thereof, which awaiting &c. Done, Wildwycl 15th 8ber 1663."

fortress being at present incapable of defence--and there appears no disposition as yet to repair it--although the said Capt. Lieutenant and Council of War will perform their duty with the force entrusted to them by the Supreme Government and shall constantly hold themselves in readiness, both in garrison and in the field, to maintain this place for the public interest, trusting that the W. Court will please to give order herein to their Commonalty for the proper reparation thereof, which awaiting &c. Done, Wildwycl 15th 8ber 1663."

Two convoys were out in the field with the ploughmen and one in ambush ; saw nothing during the day. Hans the Norman arrived at the Redoubt with his yacht from fort Orange ; reports that full seven thousand Indians had assembled at Claverack, on the east side, about three miles inland, but he knows not with what intent. Now what this can mean, whether it be true or not, we cannot determine, but in my opinion it looks somewhat like fiction. Meanwhile, nothing else occurred.

16' ditto. Two detachments were again in the field with the ploughmen, and an escort was also down to the river side. They returned and nothing else happened. i

17th ditto. Two detachments were again abroad with the ploughmen, and likewise one in ambush and had another as an escort to the river side. Nothing occurred to-day. An Ordinance was, this day, drawn up by the Council of War for the Soldiers at the Redoubt and posted there. It reads as follows:

Two detachments were again in the field with the ploughmen, and an escort was also down to the river side. They returned and nothing else happened. i

17th ditto. Two detachments were again abroad with the ploughmen, and likewise one in ambush and had another as an escort to the river side. Nothing occurred to-day. An Ordinance was, this day, drawn up by the Council of War for the Soldiers at the Redoubt and posted there. It reads as follows:

"© Orpinance made by the Capt. Lieutenant and Valiant Council of War commanding the military troops at Wildwyck, and dependancies, for the military stationed at present at the Redoubt. '

" Wurreas by daily experience we learn that some remove from the Redoubt to the village of Wildwyck without the consent: 'or order of the Capt. Lieutenant or other officers, the Capt. Lieutenant and Valiant Council of War, therefore, wishing to _ prevent all irregularities and infractions of military discipline. herein order and direct the officer and the military under his. command stationed at the Redoubt, not to remove himself, from the Redoubt, much less to send any of his command hither to

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the Village of Wildwyck without proper consent of the Capt. Lieutenant or other Commander who represents him for the time, nor without being accompanied by a proper escort on pain of being arbitrarily punished by Court Martial. Tuvs done by the Capt. Lieutenant and Valiant Council of war in the fortress Wildwyck the 17! 8ber, 1663.7 :

Lieutenant and Valiant Council of War, therefore, wishing to _ prevent all irregularities and infractions of military discipline. herein order and direct the officer and the military under his. command stationed at the Redoubt, not to remove himself, from the Redoubt, much less to send any of his command hither to

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the Village of Wildwyck without proper consent of the Capt. Lieutenant or other Commander who represents him for the time, nor without being accompanied by a proper escort on pain of being arbitrarily punished by Court Martial. Tuvs done by the Capt. Lieutenant and Valiant Council of war in the fortress Wildwyck the 17! 8ber, 1663.7 :

18') ditto. Received an answer from the Court of this village to the Order sent to them the 15' October, respecting the nonrepair of the fortress Wildwyck. It reads as follows:

"The W. Court having read the order dated the 15t gber, sent hither by the Capt Lieutenant to the W: Court, which is therein requested to repair and renew the palisades of this Village of Wildwyck, so that the same may be in a state of defence, the W. Court finds that necessity requires that this village be properly secured and protected by setting up of good palisades ; the W. Court, therefore, orders and directs that each farmer shall duely set up and repair the old, with new, palisades in front of his lot; and the others, being inhabitants or Burghers oecupying 34 lots: in this village, shall be obliged properly to repair and set up new palisades in place of the old, from the Water gate along the curtains unto the lot of Arent Pietersen Tack, the new palisades being at least two feet in circumference, but the thicker the better, and 13 feet in length, according to the circumstances of the case to be determined by the W.

Court, therefore, orders and directs that each farmer shall duely set up and repair the old, with new, palisades in front of his lot; and the others, being inhabitants or Burghers oecupying 34 lots: in this village, shall be obliged properly to repair and set up new palisades in place of the old, from the Water gate along the curtains unto the lot of Arent Pietersen Tack, the new palisades being at least two feet in circumference, but the thicker the better, and 13 feet in length, according to the circumstances of the case to be determined by the W. Court. This renewal and setting up shall commence next Monday, being the 224 October. Wherefore every inhabitant is hereby notified to appear at 7 o'clock on the day aforesaid , at the gate near Hendrick Jochemsen's, there, as his name is called, to proceed to work aforesaid, and to continue at it until the same shall be completed, on pain, in case of neglect or unwillingness, of paying for the first offence three guilders ; for the second offence double as much, and so on adding three guilders. Tuus ponr at the Court of the Sheriff and Commissaries of this Village Waldwyck, this 16 October, 1663, (Under written) By order of the Sheriff and Commissaries aforesaid. (Signed) Martnecs + Capito, Secretary.

Two detachments were out in the field to-day with the

SECOND ESOPUS WAR. ST

ploughmen, and one at the Redoubt by the river side. N othing else was done to-day.

Wherefore every inhabitant is hereby notified to appear at 7 o'clock on the day aforesaid , at the gate near Hendrick Jochemsen's, there, as his name is called, to proceed to work aforesaid, and to continue at it until the same shall be completed, on pain, in case of neglect or unwillingness, of paying for the first offence three guilders ; for the second offence double as much, and so on adding three guilders. Tuus ponr at the Court of the Sheriff and Commissaries of this Village Waldwyck, this 16 October, 1663, (Under written) By order of the Sheriff and Commissaries aforesaid. (Signed) Martnecs + Capito, Secretary.

Two detachments were out in the field to-day with the

SECOND ESOPUS WAR. ST

ploughmen, and one at the Redoubt by the river side. N othing else was done to-day.

19' ditto. Twodetachments were out again with the ploughmen, and one to the river side ; a party was, also, in ambush to make some discovery ; but did not see any thing.

20'h ditto. Three detachments were out in the field again with the ploughmen, and one in ambush, but did not remark any thing. An escort was also down to the river side at the Redoubt.

21st ditto. Sunday ; nothing occurred.

224 ditto. Three detachments were again out with the ploughmen, -and one in ambush as scouting. An escort was likewise sent down to the river side ; they did not see any thing.

234 ditto. Three detachments were again out with the ploughmen, but saw nothing. ~

Three detachments were out in the field again with the ploughmen, and one in ambush, but did not remark any thing. An escort was also down to the river side at the Redoubt.

21st ditto. Sunday ; nothing occurred.

224 ditto. Three detachments were again out with the ploughmen, -and one in ambush as scouting. An escort was likewise sent down to the river side ; they did not see any thing.

234 ditto. Three detachments were again out with the ploughmen, but saw nothing. ~

24'h ditto. Two parties were again out in the field with the ploughmen, and I was until evening with a party in ambush, but did not perceive any thing.

25" ditto. Two escorts were again in the field with the ploughmen, and one to the river side. Nothing happened.

26th ditto. An escort was in the woods with those cutting palisades, and another party was in ambush, but saw nothing.

27th ditto. An escort was in the field with the ploughmen, and one in ambush, and another to the river side. Nothing else was done.

28th ditto. Sunday. Nothing occurred,

29 ditto. Two parties were out; one with the wood cutters, the other in ambush--but saw Sonia

30 ditto. A detachment was in the woods with those cutting palisades, and a party to the river side, and also a troop in the woods scouting ; did not see any thing. ~

81st ditto. Gerrit Abel was tried before the Valiant Court Martial for his offence committed on the 29% October and is sentenced by the Court as follows ---

Two parties were out; one with the wood cutters, the other in ambush--but saw Sonia

30 ditto. A detachment was in the woods with those cutting palisades, and a party to the river side, and also a troop in the woods scouting ; did not see any thing. ~

81st ditto. Gerrit Abel was tried before the Valiant Court Martial for his offence committed on the 29% October and is sentenced by the Court as follows ---

" Wrereas Gerret Abel being in command at the Redoubt, "hath in contravention to the ordinance dated 17 8>er enacted by the Valiant Council of War and posted at the Redoubt, proceeded to the village of Wildwyck on last Monday the 29th Octo-

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ber, without leave, escort or any necessary business, but merely to get drunk, as actually happened, which being notified to the Capt Lieutenant, he caused him to be placed under arrest, and to be tried this day, 31st October, before the Valiant Court Martial and prosecuted for this his committed offence, for which the Capt Lieutenant demands the Valiant Council of War duly to punish the accused Gerret Abel.

"The accused gave as an excuse for his coming here to Wildwyck that he wanted to get a skepel of wheat ground, and as it could not be immediately ground for him, he was to a friend's with whom he drank half a pint. And the accused having heard the charge aforesaid, acknowledges to have 'transgressed the ordinance above mentioned, and supplicates herein, not justice, but mercy. . .

ber, without leave, escort or any necessary business, but merely to get drunk, as actually happened, which being notified to the Capt Lieutenant, he caused him to be placed under arrest, and to be tried this day, 31st October, before the Valiant Court Martial and prosecuted for this his committed offence, for which the Capt Lieutenant demands the Valiant Council of War duly to punish the accused Gerret Abel.

"The accused gave as an excuse for his coming here to Wildwyck that he wanted to get a skepel of wheat ground, and as it could not be immediately ground for him, he was to a friend's with whom he drank half a pint. And the accused having heard the charge aforesaid, acknowledges to have 'transgressed the ordinance above mentioned, and supplicates herein, not justice, but mercy. . .

"The Valiant. Council of War having maturely considered this matter; that a soldier and more especially one who is in command over others hath deserved punishment for his committed offence according to the complaint and confession ; seeing that the prisoner's excuse hath no foundation, sentence the accused Gerret Abel, to be dismissed from his post of Cadet

(Adelborst) and to be reduced to the ranks (Schildergastendienst

te doen) at Sfl. per month, and to remain at the Redoubt until further orders, he Gerret Abel being unfit to petform the duty of Cadet. Done at Wildwyck the 31*t October 1663. (Subscribed) Marren Creerer, CuristiAen Nirssen, THomas Cuampers, Evert Witiem Monnicx, Jan Prersen, Jonas Ranrson."

Council of War having maturely considered this matter; that a soldier and more especially one who is in command over others hath deserved punishment for his committed offence according to the complaint and confession ; seeing that the prisoner's excuse hath no foundation, sentence the accused Gerret Abel, to be dismissed from his post of Cadet

(Adelborst) and to be reduced to the ranks (Schildergastendienst

te doen) at Sfl. per month, and to remain at the Redoubt until further orders, he Gerret Abel being unfit to petform the duty of Cadet. Done at Wildwyck the 31*t October 1663. (Subscribed) Marren Creerer, CuristiAen Nirssen, THomas Cuampers, Evert Witiem Monnicx, Jan Prersen, Jonas Ranrson."

Same day, a detachment was out in the woods with the wood cutters and one in ambush scouting, but they did not see any thing.

November the 1st. A party was in ambush, and a detachment with the wood cutters ; saw nothing.

2nd ditto. A detachment was out with the wood cutters and another in ambush to scout. :

34 ditto. A detachment was down at the river side to carry rations to the people at the Redoubt, and another party was at the Great Plot, but did not notice any thing.

4th ditto. Sunday. Nothing done

5th ditto. An escort was down to the river side to bring up

eel ite all ene "™

SECOND ESOPUS WAR 89

some supplies and people that had arrived from the Manhatans in Lucassen's yacht, they being freemen belonging to Wildwyck. A party was also out in the bush with the wood cutters. Nothing else happened.

A detachment was down at the river side to carry rations to the people at the Redoubt, and another party was at the Great Plot, but did not notice any thing.

4th ditto. Sunday. Nothing done

5th ditto. An escort was down to the river side to bring up

eel ite all ene "™

SECOND ESOPUS WAR 89

some supplies and people that had arrived from the Manhatans in Lucassen's yacht, they being freemen belonging to Wildwyck. A party was also out in the bush with the wood cutters. Nothing else happened.

6th ditto. Ordered two soldiers to accompany Arent Moesman to Beeren island near fort Orange.'| An escort was also to the river side and being near the Redoubt Jay there in ambush until the evening, but saw nothing. Another party 25 in numper was at the Great Plot ; they returned in the evening, without having remarked any thing.

7th ditto ; Wednesday. This being a day of Prayer (Bededag) nothing was done. In the evening Pieter Wolfertsen arrived at the Redoubt with Rut Jacobsen's yacht ; brought with him two Christian children which he had in exchange from the Esopus Indians for a Squaw with a big girl; brought back the other Indian prisoners; brought also the Wappinger Sachem whom Couwenhoven had detained in the yacht ; says a Christian woman is kept a prisoner by the Wappingers, and that he had detained the Chief in her stead until they should surrender the Christian woman. Nothing else occurred. Sent an escort to the river side to bring up the two captive children. Couwenhoven said that he has concluded a ten days' truce with the Esopus Sachem.

In the evening Pieter Wolfertsen arrived at the Redoubt with Rut Jacobsen's yacht ; brought with him two Christian children which he had in exchange from the Esopus Indians for a Squaw with a big girl; brought back the other Indian prisoners; brought also the Wappinger Sachem whom Couwenhoven had detained in the yacht ; says a Christian woman is kept a prisoner by the Wappingers, and that he had detained the Chief in her stead until they should surrender the Christian woman. Nothing else occurred. Sent an escort to the river side to bring up the two captive children. Couwenhoven said that he has concluded a ten days' truce with the Esopus Sachem.

8th ditto. Have been, myself, with an escort to the river side to bring up to Wildwyck the Esopus Indian prisoners & the children with the Wappinger Indian captive, being in all 9 in number. On arriving at the shore, found the Wappinger Chief and also one of his Indians on board Rut Jacobsen's Yacht. Asked Lieutenant Couwenhoven, what were these two Indians for? Said it was the Sachem of the Wappingers with one of his Indians whom he had brought along but not as a prisoner--had come willingly on board as a friend. Asked him, If he would wish to return home and endeavor to let us have the female christian captive? To which he answered, yes ; says, he will bring her himself in six or seven days. Whereupon the Council of War decided that he and the Indian with him, should be released, and as they were at present our friends and had renewed peace we promised him if he brought back the Christian

Said it was the Sachem of the Wappingers with one of his Indians whom he had brought along but not as a prisoner--had come willingly on board as a friend. Asked him, If he would wish to return home and endeavor to let us have the female christian captive? To which he answered, yes ; says, he will bring her himself in six or seven days. Whereupon the Council of War decided that he and the Indian with him, should be released, and as they were at present our friends and had renewed peace we promised him if he brought back the Christian

1 This island is opposite Coeymans. Ep.

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90 JOURNAL OF THE

woman we should then let his brother go together with another prisoner. Whereunto he said, 'Tis well; gave him a bark canoe & let him go. Nothing else happened to-day as it rained unceasingly.

9 ditto. It still rained considerably. Sent an escort to the riverside ; Rut Jacobsen sailed with his Yacht for fort Orange: Nothing else happened.

10 ditto. A detachment was out with the wood cutters; nothing else occurred. .

11 ditto. Sunday, nothing was done except sending a party to the river side with bread for the people in the Redoubt.

12 ditto. A detachment was out in the bush with the woodcutters. Nothing else transpired.

13'* ditto. The Company's Yacht arrived ; brings some provisions for the garrison ; also arrived at the Redoubt a Wappinger Sachem with eight Indians, bringing a female Christian Captive whom he had purchased from the Esopus Indians and which he had promised us on the 8 inst. on board Rut Jacobson's Yacht. The Council of War resolved that he and his attending Indians should be brought up to Wildwyck; they were accordingly conducted up by Lieutenant Couwenhoven and Captain Thomas Chambers and brought to Wildwyck.

The Company's Yacht arrived ; brings some provisions for the garrison ; also arrived at the Redoubt a Wappinger Sachem with eight Indians, bringing a female Christian Captive whom he had purchased from the Esopus Indians and which he had promised us on the 8 inst. on board Rut Jacobson's Yacht. The Council of War resolved that he and his attending Indians should be brought up to Wildwyck; they were accordingly conducted up by Lieutenant Couwenhoven and Captain Thomas Chambers and brought to Wildwyck. Sent for him to the Council of War and asked, what he had to communicate? He answered, I am come to perform my promise which I gave on board the Yacht at the Redoubt, to bring in the Christian Woman whom I bought from the Esopus Squaw, and I bring and present her to you now, because we are both friends. Whereupon we thanked him and said, that we should speak together on the morrow. Lodged them in Capt. Chambers house and had food furnished them. Meanwhile a detachment went down to the river side. Otherwise nothing oecurred to-day.

i4 ditto. The Council of War met again and resolved to release the Wappinger Indian, and to give him back to. the Chief with one of the Esopus captive Squaws, pursuant to our previous promise, made on the eight of November to the Wappinger Chief, on board the Yacht at the Redoubt. Invited the Chief and his Indians into the Council chamber and presented him the Esopus Squaw and a little sucking infant, which they took ;

The Council of War met again and resolved to release the Wappinger Indian, and to give him back to. the Chief with one of the Esopus captive Squaws, pursuant to our previous promise, made on the eight of November to the Wappinger Chief, on board the Yacht at the Redoubt. Invited the Chief and his Indians into the Council chamber and presented him the Esopus Squaw and a little sucking infant, which they took ;

SECOND ESOPUS WAR. 91

presented him also with two pieces of cloth in token of friendship. The Chief then requested that we should live with him in friendship, which should be preserved by him. He gave us, in token thereof, a Bow and arrow and said, I will not make war against the Dutch, but live in peace with them. We promised him likewise ; gave each other the hand, and the said chief promised us to do his best to obtain back for us all the prisoners from the Esopus Indians that a mutual exchange should be made; for to morrow being Thursday, the Esopus Sachem would then come with the prisoners according to the promise he gave Lieutenant Couwenhoven and the provisional truce agreed upon for ten days with him, for he had promised to fetch the Christian prisoners to the Redoubt in the space of ten days, to be then exchanged one for the other. Now, what the result will be, when. the ten days are expired, time will tell. So they again departed well satisfied. Gave them an escort to conduct them to the river side, and the Council resolved that the sloop shall remain until the expiration of the time agreed upon between Lieutenant Couwenhoven and the Esopus Sachem on the 5th November, on board the Sloop in, the Wappinger Creek, to wit : that the Esopus Chief should bring up all the Christian prisoners

Now, what the result will be, when. the ten days are expired, time will tell. So they again departed well satisfied. Gave them an escort to conduct them to the river side, and the Council resolved that the sloop shall remain until the expiration of the time agreed upon between Lieutenant Couwenhoven and the Esopus Sachem on the 5th November, on board the Sloop in, the Wappinger Creek, to wit : that the Esopus Chief should bring up all the Christian prisoners

_ to the Redoubt to exchange them then, one for another, whereupon'a.ten days' truce was mutually agreed to. A soldier named Jurien Helm died to day. An escort was also down to the river side. Nothing else occurred to day.

15th ditto. A vessel arrived from fort Orange with cattle; sent a convoy to the river side. Nothing else happened.

16th ditto; Another detachment was down to the river. A yacht bound for the Manhatans arrived from fort Oramge to day. Nothing else occurred.

17th ditto. Arranged every thing in order and departed with: some of the Military for the Manhatans leaving in Wildwyck about sixty soldiers under the command of Ensign Christiaen Niessen. *

18th Sunday. After Capt Lieutenant Martin Cregiers departure yesterday, Jan Hendricksen Van Baal came the fourth person up to Wildwyck. He arrived from the Manhatans in M'.

* That part of the Journal between Asterisks is by Ensign Niessen. Ep.

92 JOURNAL OF THE

Abraham's' yacht and reported that two Dutchmen were killed by the Savages between Gemonapa? and the Maize land. Had them escorted, on their return, to the river side. Nothing else occurred.

18th Sunday. After Capt Lieutenant Martin Cregiers departure yesterday, Jan Hendricksen Van Baal came the fourth person up to Wildwyck. He arrived from the Manhatans in M'.

* That part of the Journal between Asterisks is by Ensign Niessen. Ep.

92 JOURNAL OF THE

Abraham's' yacht and reported that two Dutchmen were killed by the Savages between Gemonapa? and the Maize land. Had them escorted, on their return, to the river side. Nothing else occurred.

19th ditto. Sent another. party to.the Redoubt and had provisions brought up. Discharged one man at the Redoubt and sent two others thither ; also, distributed powder to the men, half a pound to each. Nothing else done.

20th ditto. Sent a detachment to the woods to draw. out timber. 'his was all that occurred.

21 ditto. Nothing happened.

224 ditto. Sent a detachment to the river side. Otherwise nothing occurred.

234 ditto. The only thing done to' day was to send another party to the river side with grain.

24th ditto. The yachtsof Reyndert Pietersen and the Spaniard arrived at the Redoubt; sent an escort thither. No other occurrence took place.

25% ditto. Sunday. Nothing happened.

26% ditto. Sent down an escort to the river side to fetch up the Honble Company's supplies. No other circumstance occurred.

_ 27 ditto. Sent another convoy to the river side to take down grain. Otherwise nothing happened.

28h ditto. Aboutone o'clock in the afternoon a Wappinger Indian came to Wildwyck with a flag of truce ; reports that a Wappinger Sachem lay at the river side near the Redoubt with venison and wished to have a wagon to convey the venison up for sale, which was refused. The said Indian told me that the Sachem had not much to say ; added further, that the Hackingsack Indians had represented that four of the Esopus Indians, prisoners in our hands, had died.

Aboutone o'clock in the afternoon a Wappinger Indian came to Wildwyck with a flag of truce ; reports that a Wappinger Sachem lay at the river side near the Redoubt with venison and wished to have a wagon to convey the venison up for sale, which was refused. The said Indian told me that the Sachem had not much to say ; added further, that the Hackingsack Indians had represented that four of the Esopus Indians, prisoners in our hands, had died. Whereupon the Indian prisoners were brought out to the gate to him, to prove to him that they were still living and well. Sent him down inmediately to his Sachem at the river side, to say to him that we should come to him to morrow.

'1 Abraham Staats. 2 Now Cormmunepaw N. J.

\

SECOND ESOPUS WAR 93

29th ditto. At day break had notice given that those who were desirous of purchasing venison from the Indians should go along with the escort to the river side. Accompanied the detachment to the shore and conversed with the Sachem in the presence of Capt Thomas Chambers and Sergeant Jan Peersen. He said, he had been to receive the Christian prisoners and should have had them with us before, had he not unfortunately burnt himself in his sleep when lying before the fire ; shewed us his buttock with the mark of the burn which was very large; Also said, that six Christian Captives were together at the river side, and gave ten fathom of Sewan to another Indianto lock up the seventh Christian who is Albert Heyman's oldest daughter, promising us positively that he should restore all the Christian prisoners to us in the course of three days, provided it did not blow too hard from the North ; otherwise, he could not come before the fourth day.

He said, he had been to receive the Christian prisoners and should have had them with us before, had he not unfortunately burnt himself in his sleep when lying before the fire ; shewed us his buttock with the mark of the burn which was very large; Also said, that six Christian Captives were together at the river side, and gave ten fathom of Sewan to another Indianto lock up the seventh Christian who is Albert Heyman's oldest daughter, promising us positively that he should restore all the Christian prisoners to us in the course of three days, provided it did not blow too hard from the North ; otherwise, he could not come before the fourth day. We, then, parted after he had, meanwhile, sold his venison. He left immediately in his canoe.

30th Sent an escort to the river side with grain. - Nothing else occurred.

1st December. The only circumstance that happened to day was the sending away the three Indians with a letter to the Honble Heer Director General and Council of New Netherland, to whom the following was written in haste.

_ "Noble, Respected, Right honourable, Wise, Prudent and most discreet Lords-

"To be brief, we could not omit advising Your Honours that three Indians arrived here yesterday, being come, as they said, from the -Manhatans, with an open letter, heing a pass not to commit any hostility against their people to this date. But we cannot determine what sinister design these Indians may have recourse to under cover of this pass. We maintain that such and other Indians resort here with such passes, to spy out this our place. Meanwhile, we being on our guard, placed sentinels every where before them, to prevent them passing through the village to examine and pry into it, as they are strongly inclined to do.

"To be brief, we could not omit advising Your Honours that three Indians arrived here yesterday, being come, as they said, from the -Manhatans, with an open letter, heing a pass not to commit any hostility against their people to this date. But we cannot determine what sinister design these Indians may have recourse to under cover of this pass. We maintain that such and other Indians resort here with such passes, to spy out this our place. Meanwhile, we being on our guard, placed sentinels every where before them, to prevent them passing through the village to examine and pry into it, as they are strongly inclined to do. In the meantime we inform your Honours that on the day before yesterday the Wappinger Sachem came with venison to the Redoubt, and we have'had a talk with him, and he prom-

94 JOURNAL OF THE

ised us, among other things, to bring us hither all the Christian prisoners, within three or four days, according to the entries in our daily journal which Your Honors shall receive from us by the first Yacht. Donr, Wildwyck this first December 1663. (Was subscribed) Curistrarn Niessen, Tuomas Cuampers."

24 ditto. Sunday. Nothing happened, except that on account of the hard frost, I requested the skippers of the vessels to go down to the Redoubt to examine their Yachts which they consented todo. In the afternoon, after the Sermon, sent a party to the shore to take down grain and to put it on board.

ised us, among other things, to bring us hither all the Christian prisoners, within three or four days, according to the entries in our daily journal which Your Honors shall receive from us by the first Yacht. Donr, Wildwyck this first December 1663. (Was subscribed) Curistrarn Niessen, Tuomas Cuampers."

24 ditto. Sunday. Nothing happened, except that on account of the hard frost, I requested the skippers of the vessels to go down to the Redoubt to examine their Yachts which they consented todo. In the afternoon, after the Sermon, sent a party to the shore to take down grain and to put it on board.

34 ditto. The military Council having met, the following resolution was adopted :--

'"' Ensign Christiaen Niessen proposes to send down, pursuant to despatches from the Hon>le Director General and Council, the saddles, pistols, holsters & carbines, the best whereof was left by Capt. Lieutenant Martin Cregier and remains with the Clerk, Mattheus Capito, as appears also by letters from the Capt. Lieutenant aforesaid together with the three metal guns and their accoutrements as they were used in the field, and also one sail.

"The Military Council decided that it was impossible, in view of the approaching winter, to send the articles down at present as here at Wildwyck we have no smith sufficiently expert to repair the arms, and as the Wappingers come almost daily under pretence of exchanging Christians, to-spy out this place which already hath suffered massacre enough, and consequently, if the articles in readiness were sent away (which would be publicly seen by other tribes of Indians) two massacres (which God forbid!) may occur through want of all adequate means, save God's Providence.

"The Military Council decided that it was impossible, in view of the approaching winter, to send the articles down at present as here at Wildwyck we have no smith sufficiently expert to repair the arms, and as the Wappingers come almost daily under pretence of exchanging Christians, to-spy out this place which already hath suffered massacre enough, and consequently, if the articles in readiness were sent away (which would be publicly seen by other tribes of Indians) two massacres (which God forbid!) may occur through want of all adequate means, save God's Providence.

"Qndly, The Ensign aforesaid moves, inasmuch as the setting out of the palisades is found as yet to be for the greater part inadequate and not in accordance with the Capt. Lieutenant's request, and as in many places palisades have been removed from the curtains and not replaced by others, much less attention paid to setting out the same, to the imminent ruin and de-! struction of this Village of Wildwyck, which God forfend ; and: demands further that the inhabitants of Wildwyck may be noti-

SECOND ESOPUS WAR. 95

fied by the W. Court to put the fort ina suitable state of defence within the space of three days, and in default or neglect thereof, that he do it with the best means he may at present find at hand, and demand repayment therefor when done from the W. Court at Wildwyck.

"The Military Council unanimously resolved that for the due execution of said proposal, it be forthwith communicated to the W. Court in Wildwyck, and that they answer the same without delay. (Signed) Tuomas Caampers, Henprick Jocuems, Jan Prersen, Evert Pers, Jonas Ranrsou, Watran pu Monn, Anro- NIE DELAVA."

Court to put the fort ina suitable state of defence within the space of three days, and in default or neglect thereof, that he do it with the best means he may at present find at hand, and demand repayment therefor when done from the W. Court at Wildwyck.

"The Military Council unanimously resolved that for the due execution of said proposal, it be forthwith communicated to the W. Court in Wildwyck, and that they answer the same without delay. (Signed) Tuomas Caampers, Henprick Jocuems, Jan Prersen, Evert Pers, Jonas Ranrsou, Watran pu Monn, Anro- NIE DELAVA."

Also, sent a convoy down in the morning with grain to the river side, which on returning brought up the Wappinger Sachem and his wife, and Splitnose, the Indian last taken by us. Which Sachem brought with him two captive Christian children, stating to us that he could not, pursuant to his previous promise of the 29th November, bring along with him the remainder, being still five Christian captives, because three were at their hunting grounds, and he could not find them, but that another Indian was out looking for them; the two others are in his vicinity, the Squaw who keeps them prisoner will not let. them go, because she is very sick and hath no children, and expects soon to die; and when he can get Albert Heymans' oldest daughter, who is also at the hunting ground, and whom he hath already purchased and paid for; then he shall bring the remainder of the Christian captives along. For the two Christian children which he hath brought with him, an Indian child is given him, being a little girl, and three pieces of cloth, with which he was content. .In the afternoon, Jeronimus Ebbing, Nicolaes Meyer and Frederick the Hon!e Company's late carpenter, went down unescorted to the Redoubt, with six wagon loads of grain, not being willing to wait for the writings and letters which should be sent by them to the Heeren Director General and Council of N.

For the two Christian children which he hath brought with him, an Indian child is given him, being a little girl, and three pieces of cloth, with which he was content. .In the afternoon, Jeronimus Ebbing, Nicolaes Meyer and Frederick the Hon!e Company's late carpenter, went down unescorted to the Redoubt, with six wagon loads of grain, not being willing to wait for the writings and letters which should be sent by them to the Heeren Director General and Council of N. Netherland ; and the Skipper Lucas Andriessen, also, said that he would not wait for the Director General's nor any man's letters but be off, as the wind was fair.*

* Capt. Cregier now resumes and concludes the Journal.--Ep.

96 JOURNAL OF THE

19th ditto. About three o'clock in the afternoon we started from the Manhatans for the Esopus in the Hon»!¢ Company's Yacht, with a W. S_ west wind ; arrived that night at Ta[ppan]- hook,! where we cast anchor as it was calm and the ebb was running against us.

Q0th ditto. Weighed anchor about eight o'clock and drifted upward with the flood, but about 10 o'elock the wind came up from the North--so that we could make sail and weathered the Highland to day, where we came to anchor anew, as the flood was again gone; saw an Indian paddle across the river in a canoe, but he was a full half mile from us. Nothing else occurred to day.

21st ditto. The flood set in about two hours before day ; ran through the Highlands; having got through which, we caught a southern breeze but at day break it became calm again; so ran by the Kamer and arrived this night about 10 o'clock at the mouth of the Esopus Kill. Despatched a man up with a note to Ensign Nyssen to send down some wagons in the morning with an escort to convey up the Hon>le Company's supplies which were sent for the garrison.

The flood set in about two hours before day ; ran through the Highlands; having got through which, we caught a southern breeze but at day break it became calm again; so ran by the Kamer and arrived this night about 10 o'clock at the mouth of the Esopus Kill. Despatched a man up with a note to Ensign Nyssen to send down some wagons in the morning with an escort to convey up the Hon>le Company's supplies which were sent for the garrison.

224, About 9 o'clock the escort arrived at the beach with the wagons ; entered the kill with the yacht in order to discharge the goods; remained this night in the kill in front of the Redoubt; it froze during the night so hard that the yacht was hemmed in by the ice ; arrived at Wildwyck about noon ; sent a convoy to haul stone.

234 ditto. Sunday. No business.

24th ditto. Monday. Assembled the Sheriff and Commissaries of the Village Wildwyck and handed them the letter sent to them by the Hon?!e Director General and Council and discharged Sheriff Swartwout. from his office and put |Mattheus Capito] provisionally in his place and presented him to the Court of Wildwyck according to order, whom the 'said Commissaries congratulated and were well pleased with; they promised honestly to obey what the Heer Director Genera] and Council have been pleased to order. A party was sent to the Great Plot to eut oats which happened to be late in ripening, as an opportunity

Assembled the Sheriff and Commissaries of the Village Wildwyck and handed them the letter sent to them by the Hon?!e Director General and Council and discharged Sheriff Swartwout. from his office and put |Mattheus Capito] provisionally in his place and presented him to the Court of Wildwyck according to order, whom the 'said Commissaries congratulated and were well pleased with; they promised honestly to obey what the Heer Director Genera] and Council have been pleased to order. A party was sent to the Great Plot to eut oats which happened to be late in ripening, as an opportunity

1 Qu.--What is now Teller's point.

SECOND ESOPUS WAR 97

now presented to cut itand draw it home. The farmers thrashed some of it also, and the vijm [a hundred and four sheafs] produced five skepels of clean oats.

25 ditto. Tuesday. Nothing happened except that Rey ntfe Pieters came from the river side- he informs us the kill at the Redoubt was still fast.

26th ditto. No occurrence.

27'n ditto. A party was out on the Great' Plot hatling stone ; nothing else occurred.

28th ditto. The Captain and Lieutenant of the Burghery of Wiltwyck requested to have a drum according to the promise given them by the Heer General. By permission of the Military Council a Drum and appurtenances were given to the officers of the burghery of Wildwyck. A party was down to the river side to see if circumstances would admit of the sloop leaving the kill. The party returned and stated that there was no way as yet to go out of the kill.

The Captain and Lieutenant of the Burghery of Wiltwyck requested to have a drum according to the promise given them by the Heer General. By permission of the Military Council a Drum and appurtenances were given to the officers of the burghery of Wildwyck. A party was down to the river side to see if circumstances would admit of the sloop leaving the kill. The party returned and stated that there was no way as yet to go out of the kill.

28th, The officers of the Burghery presented a petition ; it reads as follows :--We the undersigned, Tomas Chambrets Captain and Hendrick Jochems, Lieutenant of the Burghery in Wi/dwyck, hereby request the Hon!e Valiant Heer Marten Kregier, Capt Lieutenant to be pleased to furnish a keg of gunpowder with lead in proportion on the village account, to be distributed and used in time of need for the safety of this place, and we await your Hon's favorable answer. Done Wiltwyck this 28th Xber 1663. (Signed) Tomas Cuampres, Henpricx Jocuems. The answer thereto is as follows--Petitioners' request is granted. Whenever they require it at the public expense or for their own defence, it shall be furnished them from the Hon>!¢ Company's _ Magazine by the officer who will be here. Done, Wiltwyck this

- 28th December, 1663.

29th ditto. The Military Council resolved to issue an Ordinance against the gunners who usually run about firing on New Year's day or night, which was also published Sel affixed. It reads as follows :--

The answer thereto is as follows--Petitioners' request is granted. Whenever they require it at the public expense or for their own defence, it shall be furnished them from the Hon>!¢ Company's _ Magazine by the officer who will be here. Done, Wiltwyck this

- 28th December, 1663.

29th ditto. The Military Council resolved to issue an Ordinance against the gunners who usually run about firing on New Year's day or night, which was also published Sel affixed. It reads as follows :--

" Wuereas we find by Experience that some persons presume from year to year to discharge guns on the day of the new incoming year thus wasting powder unprofitably both in the PoE

Vou. tv. 7

98 JOURNAL OF THE SECOND ESOPUS WAR.

and throughout the day and sometimes to the great danger of each other and to their own destruction, both in wounding or destroying their own persons which frequently occurs therefrom; and whereas there are here many ricks and barns full of grain and straw, and as great disorder and rashness prevail in many places especially on this day, both in the morning and throughout the day, by firing of guns which is practised and prevails more particularly in this place on the above mentioned New Year's day; Therefore the Captain Lieutenant and valiant Council of War order and forbid all. persons whom it may concern that no one shall presume on New Year's day, being the first of January to discharge any gun or other fire arms in front of any houses or any other places where it is not absolutely necessary, unless for some approaching enemies, and that under the penalty of six guilders for each shot fired by the person. Both the Sheriff and military officers are ordered to pay strict attention hereunto so that this our order may be duly obeyed.

and throughout the day and sometimes to the great danger of each other and to their own destruction, both in wounding or destroying their own persons which frequently occurs therefrom; and whereas there are here many ricks and barns full of grain and straw, and as great disorder and rashness prevail in many places especially on this day, both in the morning and throughout the day, by firing of guns which is practised and prevails more particularly in this place on the above mentioned New Year's day; Therefore the Captain Lieutenant and valiant Council of War order and forbid all. persons whom it may concern that no one shall presume on New Year's day, being the first of January to discharge any gun or other fire arms in front of any houses or any other places where it is not absolutely necessary, unless for some approaching enemies, and that under the penalty of six guilders for each shot fired by the person. Both the Sheriff and military officers are ordered to pay strict attention hereunto so that this our order may be duly obeyed. Thus done and enacted by the Captain Lieutenant and Valiant Council of War in Fort Wiltwyck this 29t» Xber 1663."

Have been down with a party to the river side to bring away the guns and other munitions of war. Nothing else occnrred.

30'h, Sunday. Nothing done as it rained almost the entire day and the kill became again open.

31st. Left the Esopus again in the Hon>!¢ Companys Yacht for the Manhatans, the wind Southerly. Weathered the Long Reach where we came to anchor in the night about twelve o'clock.

Thus done and enacted by the Captain Lieutenant and Valiant Council of War in Fort Wiltwyck this 29t» Xber 1663."

Have been down with a party to the river side to bring away the guns and other munitions of war. Nothing else occnrred.

30'h, Sunday. Nothing done as it rained almost the entire day and the kill became again open.

31st. Left the Esopus again in the Hon>!¢ Companys Yacht for the Manhatans, the wind Southerly. Weathered the Long Reach where we came to anchor in the night about twelve o'clock.

1664. 1st January. The wind continuing southerly, tacked to-day as far as the entrance of the Highlands where we anchored about 9 o'clock in the evening; the flood being spent weighed anchor and passed through the Highlands where we again cast anchor.

24. Weighed anchor again, and drifted with the ebb as far down as Tappaen.

34, Having weighed anchor again, drifted down anew with the ebb to the end of Manhatans island, where we made sail about 8 o'clock in the morning, the wind being westerly, and arrived about twelve o'clock.at the Manhatans.

Martin Krecier.

V.

EXTRACTS

FROM A WORK CALLED

BREEDEN RAEDT

AEN DE VEREENIGHDE NEDERLANDSCHE PROVINTIEN. PRINTED IN ANTWERP IN 1649.

TRANSLATED FROM THE DutcH ORIGINAL

BY MR. C.

AMSTERDAM 1850. FR. MULLER.

*,* Inthe year 1649, delegates were sent from New Netherland to Holland to obtain redress of various grievances of which the Colonists of the day complained. A number of representations were made by the complainants as well as by the government. Of these Van der Donck's Vertoogh and Secretary Van Tienhoven's answer, haye been published in the Collections of the N. Y. Hist. Soc., 2d. Ser. ii. The 'Breeden Raet" or Full Information to the United Netherland Provinces, is another of the publications called forth by the same circumstance.

*,* Inthe year 1649, delegates were sent from New Netherland to Holland to obtain redress of various grievances of which the Colonists of the day complained. A number of representations were made by the complainants as well as by the government. Of these Van der Donck's Vertoogh and Secretary Van Tienhoven's answer, haye been published in the Collections of the N. Y. Hist. Soc., 2d. Ser. ii. The 'Breeden Raet" or Full Information to the United Netherland Provinces, is another of the publications called forth by the same circumstance. It was printed at Antwerp originally in 1649. It consists of a Dialogue between eight persons and appears to be a strong attack on the administrations of Directors Kieft and Stuyvesant. A brochure, made up of Extracts from this work haying recently appeared in Amsterdam, a copy was obtained for -- the State Library which isnow reprinted, Hitherto, the work has been unknown to bibliographers.

GOVERNOR KIEFT'S ADMINISTRATION.

B. Passing over several minor abuses, in order to come to the tyrany which ruins the whole country, you must know that Governor Kieft had for a long time secretly intended to begin a war with the savages of New Netherland, because they had refused, on reasonable grounds, to give him a certain contribution, alleging they were not obliged to give it to the director, or to the Dutch :

1. Not for the sake of the soldiers, since they did them no service, in case of war with other tribes ; for that they crept, together like cats upon a piece of cloth and might be killed a thousand times over, before news could be got to the fort, which was at a great distance from them ; still less that they could be delivered or seconded in time by its soldiers.

Passing over several minor abuses, in order to come to the tyrany which ruins the whole country, you must know that Governor Kieft had for a long time secretly intended to begin a war with the savages of New Netherland, because they had refused, on reasonable grounds, to give him a certain contribution, alleging they were not obliged to give it to the director, or to the Dutch :

1. Not for the sake of the soldiers, since they did them no service, in case of war with other tribes ; for that they crept, together like cats upon a piece of cloth and might be killed a thousand times over, before news could be got to the fort, which was at a great distance from them ; still less that they could be delivered or seconded in time by its soldiers.

2. Further, that they had allowed us to remain peaceably in their country, that they had never demanded a recompense from us, and that, for that reason, we were under obligations to them, and not they to us.

3. Item, that when our nation, having lost a ship there had built a new one, they had supplied them with victuals and all other necessaries, and had taken care of them for two winters, till the ship was finished ; consequently we were under obligation to them, not they to us.

4. For that reason they asked why they should supply us with maize for nothing, since they paid as much as we asked, for every thing they came to purchase of us.

Item, that when our nation, having lost a ship there had built a new one, they had supplied them with victuals and all other necessaries, and had taken care of them for two winters, till the ship was finished ; consequently we were under obligation to them, not they to us.

4. For that reason they asked why they should supply us with maize for nothing, since they paid as much as we asked, for every thing they came to purchase of us.

5. If we, said they, have ceded to you the country you are living in, we yet remain masters of what we have retained for ourselves.

Have we not supplied you Swannekens (i. e. Germans or Dutchmen) on your first arrival here and when you had no mochols (i. €. ships,) with provisions for two whole winters, and had we not you would have died of hunger ?

102 _ EXTRACTS FROM A WORK

The delegates from all the savage tribes, such as the Raritans, whose chiefs called themselves Oringkes, from Orange, the Hacquinsacks, the Wappenas, Hogelanders, Wicquasgecks, Reckewacke, Mereckewacks, Tappanders, Massapeins, Zinkeeuw, and others, had got as many objections to make, as there were points to discuss. They, however, separated peaceably, contenting themselves with giving us no contributions nor asking any from us. Director Kieft, seeing himself deprived of this contribution which he was very greedy of by so many reasons, and also because it would disgrace him in the eyes of his countrymen, invented other means to satisfy his insatiable avaricious soul.

The delegates from all the savage tribes, such as the Raritans, whose chiefs called themselves Oringkes, from Orange, the Hacquinsacks, the Wappenas, Hogelanders, Wicquasgecks, Reckewacke, Mereckewacks, Tappanders, Massapeins, Zinkeeuw, and others, had got as many objections to make, as there were points to discuss. They, however, separated peaceably, contenting themselves with giving us no contributions nor asking any from us. Director Kieft, seeing himself deprived of this contribution which he was very greedy of by so many reasons, and also because it would disgrace him in the eyes of his countrymen, invented other means to satisfy his insatiable avaricious soul.

E. Well, skipper, how did all that end ?

B. When in the year 1643, about shrovetide, the savages were surprised by some other tribes (which were too powerful for them) and obliged to retreat they took refuge in our territory, not suspecting they had any thing to fear from us. About the same time there was a feast at the house of Jan Janssen Damen, at which the director, in a significant toast, communicated his intended attack on the savages to three inconsiderate boors, viz : Maryn Adriaensz, Jan Jansz and Abraham Plancy, who presented a (pretended) request, composed by secretary Tienhoven, to the governor, begging him to allow them to take revenge on the savages, who killed the servant of Mr. v. Nederhorst, which crime had not been punished ; this retribution 'being necessary to maintain the reputation of our nation. -

K. Was that true ? ,

About the same time there was a feast at the house of Jan Janssen Damen, at which the director, in a significant toast, communicated his intended attack on the savages to three inconsiderate boors, viz : Maryn Adriaensz, Jan Jansz and Abraham Plancy, who presented a (pretended) request, composed by secretary Tienhoven, to the governor, begging him to allow them to take revenge on the savages, who killed the servant of Mr. v. Nederhorst, which crime had not been punished ; this retribution 'being necessary to maintain the reputation of our nation. -

K. Was that true ? ,

B. I will tell you sir. A certain savage chief named Hacquinsacq, who was considered as heedless even by the savages themselves, having been'intoxicated with brandy by our men, being asked whether he was able to make a gocd use of his bow and arrow when in that state, in reply pointed his arrow at a certain gaan called Gerrit Yansz, a servant of the deceased Mr. van Nederhorsts, whom he actually killed, asking whether he was able or not. To revenge this man's death several savages had been killed, and our people were again in peace with them ; so that at the time the director ordered this massacre, the same tribe who had killed the deceased Mr. y. Nederhorsts servant, had been visited some weeks before by the director himself, and

CALLED BREEDEN RAEDT. 103

supplied with all necessaries ; this pretent was therefore altogether a specious one.

K. Was it then in the power of one man to begin a war or massacre for that ?

To revenge this man's death several savages had been killed, and our people were again in peace with them ; so that at the time the director ordered this massacre, the same tribe who had killed the deceased Mr. y. Nederhorsts servant, had been visited some weeks before by the director himself, and

CALLED BREEDEN RAEDT. 103

supplied with all necessaries ; this pretent was therefore altogether a specious one.

K. Was it then in the power of one man to begin a war or massacre for that ?

B. That it might appear plausible, they had such a petition presented ; to which, on Feb. 25. 1643 was answered that they authorised Maryn Adriaensz, with his company, to make an attack on the Savages, camped at Curlers plantation, and to treat them as time and circumstances required. .

E. Who ever gave such an authorisation? Who could have been the author of that authorisation ?

B. Why secretary Cornelius van Tienhoven, who is now

- returned home to make a report on New Netherland ; the same who had, composed the petition.

C. A child might see that that was but a pretext. The secretary deserved to be torn to pieces by four horses as a traitor ; and as for the three boors, according to law they had forfeited their lives. In the mean time were the settlers warned to be on the alert, that they might not run any risk either by assistance or resistance ?

B. Nobody at all was warned but the three before mentioned. The settlers were not so much as thoughtof. The secretary himself went to reconnoitre the camp of the savages the day before the attack, andif the settlers had known what was intended, supposing there had been reasons for it, not one of the savages would have escaped ; but if, as was really the case, there had been no reasons, the director would never have been able to commit such a murder, if even he had such traitors as secretaries.

The settlers were not so much as thoughtof. The secretary himself went to reconnoitre the camp of the savages the day before the attack, andif the settlers had known what was intended, supposing there had been reasons for it, not one of the savages would have escaped ; but if, as was really the case, there had been no reasons, the director would never have been able to commit such a murder, if even he had such traitors as secretaries.

J. By what JI understand of the affair, the secretary is the principal cause of what followed. But how did they proceed ?

B. Between the 25 and 26 Febr. 1643, at midnight 80.and odd savages were murdered at Pavonia, by 80 soldiers. Young children, some of them snatched from their mothers, were cutin pieces before the eyes of their parents, and the pieces were thrown into the fire or into the water ; other babes were bound on planks and then cut through, stabbed and miserably massacred, so that it would break a heart of stone; some were thrown into the river and when the fathers and mothers soxght to

104 EXTRACTS FROM A WORK

save them, the soldiers would not suffer them to come ashore but caused both old and young to bedrowned. Some children of from 5 to 6 years of age, as also some old infirm persons, who had managed to hide themselves in the bushes and reeds, came out in the morning to beg for a piece of bread and for permission to warm themselves, but were all murdered in cold blood and thrown into the fire or the water. A few escaped to our settlers, some with the loss of a hand, others of a leg, others again holding in their bowels with their hands, and all so cut, hacked and maimed, that worse could not be imagined ; they were indeed in such a state that our people supposed they had been surprised by their enemies, the tribe of the Maquaes.

Some children of from 5 to 6 years of age, as also some old infirm persons, who had managed to hide themselves in the bushes and reeds, came out in the morning to beg for a piece of bread and for permission to warm themselves, but were all murdered in cold blood and thrown into the fire or the water. A few escaped to our settlers, some with the loss of a hand, others of a leg, others again holding in their bowels with their hands, and all so cut, hacked and maimed, that worse could not be imagined ; they were indeed in such a state that our people supposed they had been surprised by their enemies, the tribe of the Maquaes. After this exploit

the soldiers were recompensed for their services, and thanked .

by the director Kieft in person. Jn another place, on the same night, at Curler's Hook, near Curler's plantation, about forty Savages were surprised in their sie in the same way, and massacred like the others.

D. Did ever the duke of Alba do more evil in the Netherlands ?

F. Certainly you have such Dutch Governors or directors who. honour and respect the duke of Alba.

B. Yes sir, it isa scandal for our nation ; and if silence would have remedied it I should never have mentioned it. But information has been given of it in the proper quarter, and not only it has not been remedied, but it has gone still worse as you shall hear directly.

Did ever the duke of Alba do more evil in the Netherlands ?

F. Certainly you have such Dutch Governors or directors who. honour and respect the duke of Alba.

B. Yes sir, it isa scandal for our nation ; and if silence would have remedied it I should never have mentioned it. But information has been given of it in the proper quarter, and not only it has not been remedied, but it has gone still worse as you shall hear directly.

H. But did the savages suffer this so quietly 2

B. Oh no sir. As soon-as they found how the Swannekens treated them, they killed all the men they could lay hands on, but I never.heard that they did any harm to the women or children. Besides this they burned and destroyed ajl the houses, farms, barns and everything they could come at, so that they began a declared and destructive war.

C. Quicquid delirant reges plectuntur achivi.

B. Iam told for a fact that a certain skipper Isaac Abrahamsen, having saved a young boy, and hidden him under the sails in order to give him to one Cornelius Melyn, towards morning the poor child, overcome with cold and hunger, made some noise

eager mee

tenis ee cal te er EE te

en nee

CALLED BREEDEN RAEDT. 105

and was heard by the soldiers, 18 Dutch tigers, draggea from under the sails in spite of the endeavors of the skipper, who " was alone against 18, cut in two and thrown overboard.

Iam told for a fact that a certain skipper Isaac Abrahamsen, having saved a young boy, and hidden him under the sails in order to give him to one Cornelius Melyn, towards morning the poor child, overcome with cold and hunger, made some noise

eager mee

tenis ee cal te er EE te

en nee

CALLED BREEDEN RAEDT. 105

and was heard by the soldiers, 18 Dutch tigers, draggea from under the sails in spite of the endeavors of the skipper, who " was alone against 18, cut in two and thrown overboard.

F. But what did the inhabitants say of the massacre ?

B. They were not only much displeased but took notes of all that passed from time to time, for those of the country (planters) were all ruined, and in the forts there was little provision and little strength. This they wrote and sent to government relating the causes and occasions of the war, with all the circumstances as they had occurred.

J. How did you do in the meanwhile, before an answer arrived ?

B. We had but a choice of evils. The Director robbed and murdered wherever he could, and in the manner already related 1600 savages were killed in the years 1643 and 1644; some of them were settled among the English, at a distance of from 10 to 20 miles from us, who were most of them surprised in theix sleep, many of them never having seen a Dutchman much less ever having done them any harm.

We had but a choice of evils. The Director robbed and murdered wherever he could, and in the manner already related 1600 savages were killed in the years 1643 and 1644; some of them were settled among the English, at a distance of from 10 to 20 miles from us, who were most of them surprised in theix sleep, many of them never having seen a Dutchman much less ever having done them any harm.

In April of the year 1644, seven savages were arrested at Heemstede (where an English clergyman, Mr. Fordam, was governor), on a charge of killing two or three pigs, though it was afterwards discovered that some Englishmen had done it them- 'selves. Director Kieft was informed by Mr. Fordham, that he had just arrested seven savages, who were confined in a cellar, but whom he had not dared to treat inhumanely, as he could not answer for the consequences to himself, because such things are not to be winked at there, or perhaps because the English nation wish to cause a general dislike among the savages to our people. Kieft immediately sent ensign Opdyk with an Englishman, John Onderhill, and 15 or 16. soldiers, who killed three of the seven in the cellar. They then took the other four with them in the sailing boat, two of whom were towed along by a

' string round their necks till they were drowned, while the two unfortunate survivors were detained as prisoners at fort Amsterdam. When they had been kept a long time in the corps de garde, the director became tired: of giving them food any longer, and they were delivered to the soldiers to do as they pleased

They then took the other four with them in the sailing boat, two of whom were towed along by a

' string round their necks till they were drowned, while the two unfortunate survivors were detained as prisoners at fort Amsterdam. When they had been kept a long time in the corps de garde, the director became tired: of giving them food any longer, and they were delivered to the soldiers to do as they pleased

106 EXTRACTS FROM A WORK

with. The poor unfortunate prisoners were immediately dragged out of the guard house and soon dispatched with knives of from - 18 to 20 inches long, which director Kieft had made for his soldiers for such purposes, saying that the swords were too long for use in the huts of the savages, when they went to surprise them; but that these knives were much handier for bowelling them. The first of these savages having received a frightful wound, desired them to permit him to dance what is called the Kinte Kaeye, a religious use observed among them before death ; he received however so many wounds, that he dropped down dead. The soldiers then cut strips from the other's body, beginning atthe calves, up the back, over the shoulders and down to the knees. While this was going forward, director Kieft, with his councillor Jan de la Montaigne, a Frenchman, stood laughing heartily at the fun, and rubbing his right arm, so much delight he took in such scenes. He then ordered him to be taken out of the fort, and the soldiers bringing him to the Beaver's path (he dancing the Kinte Kaeye all the time) threw him down, cut off his partes genitales, thrust them into his mouth while still alive, and at last, placing him on a mill stone, cut off his head.

While this was going forward, director Kieft, with his councillor Jan de la Montaigne, a Frenchman, stood laughing heartily at the fun, and rubbing his right arm, so much delight he took in such scenes. He then ordered him to be taken out of the fort, and the soldiers bringing him to the Beaver's path (he dancing the Kinte Kaeye all the time) threw him down, cut off his partes genitales, thrust them into his mouth while still alive, and at last, placing him on a mill stone, cut off his head.

H. What shameful barbarity ! r

B. What I tell you is true, for by the same token there stood at the same time 24 or 24 female savages, who had been taken prisoner at the N. W. point of the fort ; and when they saw this bloody spectacle, they held up their arms, struck their mouth, and in their language exclaimed: " For shame! for shame! such unheard of cruelty was never known, or even thought of among us." The savages have often called out to us from a distance: what scoundrels you Swannekens are; you do not war upon us, but upon our wives and children, whom you treacherously murder; whereas we do no harm either to your wives or your children, but feed and take care of them, till we send them back again to you.

K. Well, skipper, you know more news, if they were only good news, than all of us put together. How did they get on?

W. point of the fort ; and when they saw this bloody spectacle, they held up their arms, struck their mouth, and in their language exclaimed: " For shame! for shame! such unheard of cruelty was never known, or even thought of among us." The savages have often called out to us from a distance: what scoundrels you Swannekens are; you do not war upon us, but upon our wives and children, whom you treacherously murder; whereas we do no harm either to your wives or your children, but feed and take care of them, till we send them back again to you.

K. Well, skipper, you know more news, if they were only good news, than all of us put together. How did they get on?

B. Director Kieft, not content with this causing the hunted savages to be surprised, engaged some English spies to accompany his soldiers as guides, inte places unknown to our people,

CALLED BREEDEN RAEDT 107

by which many poor inoffensive savages were cruelly and traitorously massacred.

GOVERNOR STUYVESANT'S ADMINISTRATION.

B. The state's general being informed of all those evils, ordered the governors (of the West India Company) to remedy them; and the latter, conscious of having trifled too long with director Kieft, with whom they were thoroughly acquainted, chose a certain Petrus Stuyvesant, formerly director of Curacao, the son of a minister in Vriesland, to supersede him. This same Stuyvesant robbed the daughter of his host, and being discovered would have had to suffer for the crime, but that he was forgiven for sake of his father.

The state's general being informed of all those evils, ordered the governors (of the West India Company) to remedy them; and the latter, conscious of having trifled too long with director Kieft, with whom they were thoroughly acquainted, chose a certain Petrus Stuyvesant, formerly director of Curacao, the son of a minister in Vriesland, to supersede him. This same Stuyvesant robbed the daughter of his host, and being discovered would have had to suffer for the crime, but that he was forgiven for sake of his father.

E. How in the world did the company manage to find so many rascals? Why they must have whole magazines full of them.

B. Their High Mightinesses now thought that the governor would take care that there should be no more complaints of an oppressive or tyrannical direction ; we are however informed in what manner the same governors who had intrigued with Kieft, instructed the new director, to the decline and ruin of New Netherland, to maintain Kieft and vex the inhabitants under any appearance or pretext whatever. Neither could he contain himself till he had time and opportunity, but even upon his passage threatened that when he. arrived in New Netherland, he would teach them better to know their plans. As however he had promised their high mightinesses by oath, that he would punish the faults of director Kieft according to their deserts, and properly support the inhabitants; the result however has shown quite the contrary of these fine promises, according to the instructions given him by the governors (which he has shown to several persons), in which he is ordered to do as he afterwards did.

Neither could he contain himself till he had time and opportunity, but even upon his passage threatened that when he. arrived in New Netherland, he would teach them better to know their plans. As however he had promised their high mightinesses by oath, that he would punish the faults of director Kieft according to their deserts, and properly support the inhabitants; the result however has shown quite the contrary of these fine promises, according to the instructions given him by the governors (which he has shown to several persons), in which he is ordered to do as he afterwards did.

J. Is not that the same Stuyvesant who some time before at-

108 f EXTRACTS FROM A WORK

tempted to take fort St. Martin for the company, and who lost his leg in the attempt?

B. The very same; the governors looked upon that as quite a piece of Roman courage.

J. Yes, but all who attended that expedition will tell another story; how he burnt all our powder in firing salutes during the whole of the voyage, so that when the time for action arrived, there was none to be found; and, every thing relating to that expedition was so disorderly, that the like was never seen. Indeed when we broke up the seige and retired, without effecting any thing, only because of his leg, which was shot off by the first cannon shot from Fort St. Martin, we left every thing behind, and among other things 5 or 6 field pieces. Was that a fine Roman achievement? Who knows how much that expedition cost the company? Such a prudent hero deserved indeed to be advanced to director, and chosen and sent to New Netherland as redresser-General of all abuses.

Indeed when we broke up the seige and retired, without effecting any thing, only because of his leg, which was shot off by the first cannon shot from Fort St. Martin, we left every thing behind, and among other things 5 or 6 field pieces. Was that a fine Roman achievement? Who knows how much that expedition cost the company? Such a prudent hero deserved indeed to be advanced to director, and chosen and sent to New Netherland as redresser-General of all abuses.

B. When he comes thence, the governors may send him as president to Brazil, in order to spoil the little that still remains there, just as he is alWays used to do.

J. He is now, however, getting older, and ought to improve his conduct in order to wipe out former faults. How does he get on in New Netherland?

B. improve do you say, messmate? Like old wolves and old ships, worse from day to day.

J. Does he still foam and rage and storm as much as he used to do, even to striking and beating? |

B. In all that he is just the man he has always been ; and so there is no change to be expected but for the worse.

J. What was his reception in New Netherland?

B. There was so much shouting on all sides, that they were obliged to send to another place to buy Remar for exercising and in case of need.

J. I could have guessed as much, but fin did he treat the inhabitants from the very first?

In all that he is just the man he has always been ; and so there is no change to be expected but for the worse.

J. What was his reception in New Netherland?

B. There was so much shouting on all sides, that they were obliged to send to another place to buy Remar for exercising and in case of need.

J. I could have guessed as much, but fin did he treat the inhabitants from the very first?

B. As soon as he arrived, some of the principal inhabitants coming bareheaded to welcome their new director, he let them wait for several hours bareheaded, he himself keeping his hat

CALLED BREEDEN RAEDT. 109

on his head, as if he was the Czar of Moscovy; nobody was - offered a chair, while he seated himself very comfortably on a chair, the better to give the welcomers an audience.

J. You speak in so lively a way of his manner of acting, that I can fancy I see it all passing before my eyes; go on telling about that unlicked bear.

B. In a word, when he was to take the direction from Kieft, the whole community being called together for that purpose, Kieft began by thanking them all for their fidelity to him, which he much exaggerated in hopes that the community would unanimously have thanked him; but some of them said boldly that they would not thank him as they had no reason to do so; among these were Joachim Pieterz Kuyter and Cornelis Melyn. Stuyvesant, under the canopy of heaven, declared loudly that every one should have justice done to him, which assurance was very agreeable to the community; a few days afterwards, however, being well persuaded and led away by Kieft, Stuyvesant began to assemble a court of justice, had the letter of the 8 deputed petitioners to the chamber of Amsterdam laid before it, and having chosen the side of Kieft, and wishing to take care that afterwards no similar charge should be brought against him, he considered these 8 chosen men as private persons, and regarded all their conduct and the whole process between Kieft and them - in no other light.

Stuyvesant, under the canopy of heaven, declared loudly that every one should have justice done to him, which assurance was very agreeable to the community; a few days afterwards, however, being well persuaded and led away by Kieft, Stuyvesant began to assemble a court of justice, had the letter of the 8 deputed petitioners to the chamber of Amsterdam laid before it, and having chosen the side of Kieft, and wishing to take care that afterwards no similar charge should be brought against him, he considered these 8 chosen men as private persons, and regarded all their conduct and the whole process between Kieft and them - in no other light.

In his opinion it was treason to petition against one's magistrates whether there was cause or not. What Kieft simply denied was considered as of more weight than the proofs produced by his antagonists.

And when the arbiters produced divers memorials, points and persons to prove the truth of what was written, their statements were either entirely rejected or a part of what came to light was suppressed.

And what was more, the other persons who had riiediteed two letters were prevailed upon and obliged by high authority and severe menaces as also by fair promises, not to divulge what would be communicated to them, to revoke what had been written, or at least in order to give it another appearance to declare they had been bribed to subscribe it and had been mis-

110 EXTRACTS FROM A WORK

And when the arbiters produced divers memorials, points and persons to prove the truth of what was written, their statements were either entirely rejected or a part of what came to light was suppressed.

And what was more, the other persons who had riiediteed two letters were prevailed upon and obliged by high authority and severe menaces as also by fair promises, not to divulge what would be communicated to them, to revoke what had been written, or at least in order to give it another appearance to declare they had been bribed to subscribe it and had been mis-

110 EXTRACTS FROM A WORK

informed, not knowing what they subscribed, but having only

done it at the earnest entreaties of some who persisted in -

subscribing it and still maintained their signature.

So director Stuyvesant passed sentence against Joachim Pietersz and Cornelis Melyn, whom he charged with having accused, by libellous letters their legitimate governor and chief director Kieft, in a clandestine and lying way; with having censured and calumniated him, the which he and his counsil desiring to prevent in the well ordered commonwealth of New Netherland, and executing justice in the name of their High Mightinesses the states General, His Highness the Prince of Orange, and the General chartered West India Company, condemned Joachim Piertsz Kuyter to a banishment of three consecutive years and a penalty of a hundred and fifty guilders, one third for the fiscal, one third for the poor and one third for the church. Cornelis Melyn was charged in his sentence with 'more crimés and punished more severely, (because Kieft had formerly flattered himself that he should have a part with him in Staten Island, and finding himself deceived, he had been obliged to make other conditions with other persons ; and Kieft

So director Stuyvesant passed sentence against Joachim Pietersz and Cornelis Melyn, whom he charged with having accused, by libellous letters their legitimate governor and chief director Kieft, in a clandestine and lying way; with having censured and calumniated him, the which he and his counsil desiring to prevent in the well ordered commonwealth of New Netherland, and executing justice in the name of their High Mightinesses the states General, His Highness the Prince of Orange, and the General chartered West India Company, condemned Joachim Piertsz Kuyter to a banishment of three consecutive years and a penalty of a hundred and fifty guilders, one third for the fiscal, one third for the poor and one third for the church. Cornelis Melyn was charged in his sentence with 'more crimés and punished more severely, (because Kieft had formerly flattered himself that he should have a part with him in Staten Island, and finding himself deceived, he had been obliged to make other conditions with other persons ; and Kieft

played him this trick, as was afterwards proved) and in virtue --

of the preceding arguments was found guilty of Crimen laesae Majestatis, crimen falsi, crimen of libeland defamation, and on that account was to forfeit all benefits derived from the company or which he might still claim, a penalty of 300 guilders, to be applied as above, and to be banished from New Netherland for the term of 7 years. So that those who had accused Kieft were kicked out and sent away by Stuyvesant... It is well known that when director Kieft was reminded that these suits would most probably, have taken another turn in Holland, he replied ; why should we alarm each other with justice in Holland ; in this case I only consider it as a scare crow.

of the preceding arguments was found guilty of Crimen laesae Majestatis, crimen falsi, crimen of libeland defamation, and on that account was to forfeit all benefits derived from the company or which he might still claim, a penalty of 300 guilders, to be applied as above, and to be banished from New Netherland for the term of 7 years. So that those who had accused Kieft were kicked out and sent away by Stuyvesant... It is well known that when director Kieft was reminded that these suits would most probably, have taken another turn in Holland, he replied ; why should we alarm each other with justice in Holland ; in this case I only consider it as a scare crow. And Stuyvesant replied ; if I was persuaded that you would appeal from my sentences or divulge them, I would have your head cut off, or have you hanged on the highest tree in New Netherland. He also. represented Kieft's affair in so favorable a light, inveighed so furiously against the constant arbiters, that the foam hung on his beard. To show still more clearly that he did not at all intend to follow

' t Mi: % % re

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~=

CALLED BREEDEN RAEDT. AT}

the orders of their High Mightinesses or fulfil the promises he made them, or to satisfy the community, he immediately appointed Jap Jansen Damen, (one of those who had signed the request to slaughter, the savages) as churchwarden.

E. A very nice churchwarden that, one with bloody hands.

He also. represented Kieft's affair in so favorable a light, inveighed so furiously against the constant arbiters, that the foam hung on his beard. To show still more clearly that he did not at all intend to follow

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CALLED BREEDEN RAEDT. AT}

the orders of their High Mightinesses or fulfil the promises he made them, or to satisfy the community, he immediately appointed Jap Jansen Damen, (one of those who had signed the request to slaughter, the savages) as churchwarden.

E. A very nice churchwarden that, one with bloody hands.

B. Itis to be feared that if the united Provinces, their High Mightinesses and his Highness do not take measures to prevent the occurrence of such injustice, their reputation will suffer, not only among the savages but through all christendom and it is disgraceful enough already that this has not yet been done; there-fore those who have the prosperity of the Netherlands, of New Netherland, of its inhabitants and of its government at heart, ought to strive to redress such grievances.

J. But was that sentence executed 2?

B. Most assuredly ; for that was now of as much consequence to the new director Stuyvesant as his own honour, reputation, even his own life. They were brought on board like criminals and torn away from their goods, their wives and their children. The Princess was to carry the director and those two faithful patriots away from New Netherland, but coming into the wrong channel it struck upon a rock and was wrecked. And now this wicked Kieft, seeing death before his eyes, sighed deeply and turning to these two, said: Friends, I have been unjust towards you, can you forgive me? Towards morning the ship was broken to pieces. Melyn lost his son, the minister Bogardus ; while Kieft, captain John de Vries and a great number of other persons were drowned.

The Princess was to carry the director and those two faithful patriots away from New Netherland, but coming into the wrong channel it struck upon a rock and was wrecked. And now this wicked Kieft, seeing death before his eyes, sighed deeply and turning to these two, said: Friends, I have been unjust towards you, can you forgive me? Towards morning the ship was broken to pieces. Melyn lost his son, the minister Bogardus ; while Kieft, captain John de Vries and a great number of other persons were drowned. Much treasure was also lost, as Kieft was on his return with a fortune of four hundred thousand guilders. Joachim Pietersz Kuyter remained alone on a part of the ship on which stood a cannon, which he took for a man, but speaking to it and getting no answer he supposed him dead. He was at last thrown on land, together with the cannon, to the great astonishment of the English, who crowded the strand by thousands, and who set up the pine or ordinance as a lasting memorial. Melyn, floating on his back, fell in with others who had remained on a part of the wreck till they were driven on a sandbank which became dry with the ebb. They then took some planks and pieces of wood, fastened them together and

112 EXTRACTS FROM A WORK CALLED BREEDEN RAEDT.

having made sails of their shirts, etc., they got at last to the Mainland of England. As these persons were more concerned for their papers than for any thing else, they caused them to be dragged for, and on the third day Joachim Pietersz got a small part of them, which are in being to this day.

They then took some planks and pieces of wood, fastened them together and

112 EXTRACTS FROM A WORK CALLED BREEDEN RAEDT.

having made sails of their shirts, etc., they got at last to the Mainland of England. As these persons were more concerned for their papers than for any thing else, they caused them to be dragged for, and on the third day Joachim Pietersz got a small part of them, which are in being to this day.

C. How people are sometimes buffetted about the world ! How will these persons ever get justice ?

B. According to what they told me, when they arrived in Holland, the Dutch directors much lamented the loss of the ship and its rich cargo, and were doubly pained that while so many fine men were lost, two rebellious bandits should survive to trouble the company with their complaints.

J. Was that all the comfort they got ?

B. That was not all their.comfort, but some of the directors undertook to prevent them from getting a hearing from their High Mightinesses.

J. "Twas better. to send such scoundrels to the devil. Who dared to undertake that ?

B. Those who had always corresponded with those wicked children of Belial, van Beeck Perquin; they got a hearing, - however, and set their affair in such a light before their H. M. that it was resolved to prevent such unrighteous proceedings, dispatched letters of inhibition, ordered Stuyvesant either to appear in person or by proxy, in order to hear his sentence maintained, confirmed or annulled ; or else to await it there, and to that end their H. M. supplied the complainants with all necessary orders, safeguards, acts and instruments.

Those who had always corresponded with those wicked children of Belial, van Beeck Perquin; they got a hearing, - however, and set their affair in such a light before their H. M. that it was resolved to prevent such unrighteous proceedings, dispatched letters of inhibition, ordered Stuyvesant either to appear in person or by proxy, in order to hear his sentence maintained, confirmed or annulled ; or else to await it there, and to that end their H. M. supplied the complainants with all necessary orders, safeguards, acts and instruments.

of

VI.

DESCRIPTION

NEW NETHERLAND.

1671.

'Translated from De Nieuwe en Onbekende Weereld: of Beschryving van America en 't Zuidland; door Annotpus Montanus. Amsterdam, 1671.

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NEW NETHERLAND.

New Nernertanp bounded on the south west by Vérginia, ape stretches on the north east to Mew England, on the Netherlanl. north it is washed by the river Canada, and on the coast by the Ocean: north westerly, inland, it remains wholly unknown. The first who discovered this country was Henry Hudson. Engaged by the East India Company to find out a passage to China north of America, he set sail with the Yacht Half Moon, in the year sixteen hundred and nine. In front of Newfoundland he took a course directly southwest ; entered a large river ; there [met] two men clothed in Elk skins, and subsequently arrived safe at Amsterdam. New Netherland being thus discovered, divers traders set about establishing a stable trade here. Wherefore they sought for and obtained a charter in the year sixteen hundred and fourteen, from the States General at the Hague, to trade to New WVetherland to the exclusion of all others. Earnestly, now, was the trade prosecuted. Adriaen Blok and Godyn soon discovered here divers coasts, islands, harbours and rivers.

In front of Newfoundland he took a course directly southwest ; entered a large river ; there [met] two men clothed in Elk skins, and subsequently arrived safe at Amsterdam. New Netherland being thus discovered, divers traders set about establishing a stable trade here. Wherefore they sought for and obtained a charter in the year sixteen hundred and fourteen, from the States General at the Hague, to trade to New WVetherland to the exclusion of all others. Earnestly, now, was the trade prosecuted. Adriaen Blok and Godyn soon discovered here divers coasts, islands, harbours and rivers. Among the rivers is the Manhattans or Great river, by far the most important, which disembogues into the Ocean by two wide mouths, washing the mighty island Matouwacs. The south entrance was called Port May or Godyn's Bay: Midway lies Staten Island, and a little further up, the Manhatians, so called from the people which inhabit the mainland on the east side of the river. These are cruel and wicked men, enemies of the Dutch, as well as of the Sanhikans who dwell on the west side. Higher up lie the Makwaes and Mahikans, who are constantly at war with each other : in like manner all the inhabitants on the west bank of the Manhattan river frequently make war on those residing-on the east side. And the latter in like manner entertain. constant animosity against the Dutch, with whom the other nations to the west maintain good friendship. On a little island

River Manhattans.

These are cruel and wicked men, enemies of the Dutch, as well as of the Sanhikans who dwell on the west side. Higher up lie the Makwaes and Mahikans, who are constantly at war with each other : in like manner all the inhabitants on the west bank of the Manhattan river frequently make war on those residing-on the east side. And the latter in like manner entertain. constant animosity against the Dutch, with whom the other nations to the west maintain good friendship. On a little island

River Manhattans.

116 DESCRIPTION OF NEW NETHERLAND.

adjoining the Makwaes shore, formerly stood a fort furnished with two guns and eleven stone pieces, but it was finally abandoned. On the Manhattans island stands JVew Amsterdam, five miles from the Ocean: Ships run up to the harbour there from the sea with one tide. The city hath an earthen fort. Within the fort, and on the outermost bastion towards the river, stand a wind mill, and a very high staff, on which a flag is hoisted whenever any vessels are seen in Godyn's bay. The church rises with a double roof between which a square tower looms. aloft. On one side is the prison, on the other side of the church the governor's house. Without the walls are the houses mostly built by Amsterdamers. On the river side stand the gallows and whipping. post. A handsome public tavern adorns the farthest point. Between the fort and this tavern is a row of suitable dwelling houses: among which stand out the ware houses of the West India Company. Vew Netherland hath, moreover, divers remarkable water falls tumbling down from lofty rocks, broad creeks and kills, fresh lakes and rivulets and pleasant springs and fountains, which smoke, in winter, are right cold in summer, and, nevertheless, are much drank.

On the river side stand the gallows and whipping. post. A handsome public tavern adorns the farthest point. Between the fort and this tavern is a row of suitable dwelling houses: among which stand out the ware houses of the West India Company. Vew Netherland hath, moreover, divers remarkable water falls tumbling down from lofty rocks, broad creeks and kills, fresh lakes and rivulets and pleasant springs and fountains, which smoke, in winter, are right cold in summer, and, nevertheless, are much drank. Meanwhile the inhabitants are at no time much incommoded by floods, nor by the sea, inasmuch as at spring tide the water scarcely ever rises a foot higher ; nor by freshets (op water) which cover only some low lands for a short while and enrich them by their alluvium. The sea coast rises hilly out of sand and clay, wherefore it produces abundantly all sorts of herbs and trees.

The oak usually grows sixty to seventy feet high, for the most part free of knots, for which reason it is well adapted' to ship building. The Hickory trees furnish a hot and lasting fire, and a curious appearance whenever the bush is cut away either for the purpose of more open hunting or for clearing the ground for abouwery. Someplants sent hither from Hol- Jand thrive better than even in Holland ; namely, the apple, pear, quince, cherry, plum, currant, apricot, buckthorn, medlar, peach and onion. vine grow wild everywhere and bear in abundance blue and white muscatels and pork grapes (spek-druiven). Some time since, the wine press was successfully

The Hickory trees furnish a hot and lasting fire, and a curious appearance whenever the bush is cut away either for the purpose of more open hunting or for clearing the ground for abouwery. Someplants sent hither from Hol- Jand thrive better than even in Holland ; namely, the apple, pear, quince, cherry, plum, currant, apricot, buckthorn, medlar, peach and onion. vine grow wild everywhere and bear in abundance blue and white muscatels and pork grapes (spek-druiven). Some time since, the wine press was successfully

Fholesome waters.

Trees; j what sort,

Vines.

DESCRIPTION OF NEW NETHERLAND. 117

introduced. The wine was equal to any Rhenish or French Wine. Every vegetable known to the Duteh is cultivated in the gardens. Water melons as Savory as they are | wholesome, are, when ripe, as large as a cabbage. The English extract a liquor from them which would be no wise inferior to Spanish wine did it not turn sour too soon. Gourds when cleaned out serve as water vessels. Tobacco produces leaves five quarters long. Pumpkins grow luxuriant and agreeable, Corn sowed in hills six feet apart, sprouts up readily and prosperously if properly weeded. Turkish beans, planted beside the corn, wind themselves around the stalk. Grey peas prosper hereso well that two crops are gathered in the year from one field. Medicinal plants and indigo grow wild in abundance. The barley can be tied above the head. Furthermore, all sorts of flowers havea pleasant odor and appearance. The hills consist of fullers earth, or clay, fit for making dishes, pots and tobacco pipes. There is, besides, abundance of rock crystal and Muscovy glass. Other hills furnish marble, _ serpentine, blue and hearth stone. And although the Dutch have not taken much trouble to dig for minerals, either on account of not being numerous enough, or in order not to make

The barley can be tied above the head. Furthermore, all sorts of flowers havea pleasant odor and appearance. The hills consist of fullers earth, or clay, fit for making dishes, pots and tobacco pipes. There is, besides, abundance of rock crystal and Muscovy glass. Other hills furnish marble, _ serpentine, blue and hearth stone. And although the Dutch have not taken much trouble to dig for minerals, either on account of not being numerous enough, or in order not to make

other folks' mouths water, it isnevertheless incon- . Gold and Silver tyovertible that the subterranean cavities in the hills ae conceal gold and silver. When Wilhem Kieft, the governor, employed, in the year sixteen hundred and forty five, the _

Indian interpreter Agheroense, with a view, through ee him to terminate the difficulties which had arisen

between the West India Company and the cruel tribe, the Malkwaes, he observed that the said interpreter streaked his face with a glittering yellow paint. Kieft suspected some valuable mineral to be concealed in this operation, proposed to satisfy Agheroense ; subjected it to the crucible ; obtained two pieces of gold worth three guilders. He kept the matter secret ; obtained fortunately from the mountain pointed out by Agheroense,a bucket full of the material, for it furnished gold. Kieft now imagined he had made a great discovery & despatched Arend*Corsen from New Haven to Holland with the stuff. But

Water melons

Corn.

Peas

'Nature of the hills.

* Their disease.

118 DESCRIPTION OF NEW NETHERLAND.

Kieft suspected some valuable mineral to be concealed in this operation, proposed to satisfy Agheroense ; subjected it to the crucible ; obtained two pieces of gold worth three guilders. He kept the matter secret ; obtained fortunately from the mountain pointed out by Agheroense,a bucket full of the material, for it furnished gold. Kieft now imagined he had made a great discovery & despatched Arend*Corsen from New Haven to Holland with the stuff. But

Water melons

Corn.

Peas

'Nature of the hills.

* Their disease.

118 DESCRIPTION OF NEW NETHERLAND.

as the ship never made its appearance--which was also the fate subsequently of the fly boat, the . Princess, in which the governor was a passenger, who had a supply of the abovementioned mineral, all further exploration

ceased. The natives divided into various tribes venice' mutually agree in respect to painting their bodies,

shields, war clubs and the lath work within their huts. For this they use colours extracted either from plants or from finely crushed stones. The principal plant is not unlike the Orach or Golden herb, except that the stalk has many shoots and red-brown berries ; the juice of which collected in the inner bark of trees, is laid in the sun to dry, and when dried is preserved in little pouches. The inhabitants temper the paint with water, and then streak the body ; it produces the most beautiful purple that can any where be found. Their pictures represent canoes, trees and animals, but very indifferently executed. Instead of plumes they bedeck themselves with hair tied with small bands. The hair is of a scarlet colour and surprizing brilliancy which is permanent and ineffaceable by rain. The horses in Vew Netherland are brought from England or from the diocese of Utrecht'. Those trom the bishopric far excel the English.

The inhabitants temper the paint with water, and then streak the body ; it produces the most beautiful purple that can any where be found. Their pictures represent canoes, trees and animals, but very indifferently executed. Instead of plumes they bedeck themselves with hair tied with small bands. The hair is of a scarlet colour and surprizing brilliancy which is permanent and ineffaceable by rain. The horses in Vew Netherland are brought from England or from the diocese of Utrecht'. Those trom the bishopric far excel the English. Both are subject to a curious desease whereof many die within afew hours. The same disease attacks horned cattle that are pastured on new ground. But hay grown in salt meadows is found to be a remedy against this. Hogs fatten exceedingly in the woods; those fed on Indian corn give the sweetest pork. Sheep, though very thriving, are not numerous, because the settlements cannot spare any persons to. keep watch against the wolves. Besides, venison is so abundant that the sheep can on this account be the more easily dispensed with. Fowls, turkeys, geese, ducks, pigeons and other feathered game are, also, easily obtained. . Lions, whose skins the Indians bring to market, are caught on a high mountain, situated fifteen days journey to the southwest.?. Here, also, are many pitch black

Why it failed.

Their ornaments.

Horses.

Sheep.

Lions.

1 In former times, this diocese included the provinces of Overijssel and Utrecht. See, Martinet's Beschryving der Nederlanden, ii., 205, 206

Besides, venison is so abundant that the sheep can on this account be the more easily dispensed with. Fowls, turkeys, geese, ducks, pigeons and other feathered game are, also, easily obtained. . Lions, whose skins the Indians bring to market, are caught on a high mountain, situated fifteen days journey to the southwest.?. Here, also, are many pitch black

Why it failed.

Their ornaments.

Horses.

Sheep.

Lions.

1 In former times, this diocese included the provinces of Overijssel and Utrecht. See, Martinet's Beschryving der Nederlanden, ii., 205, 206

2 This animal is doubtless the Panther.--Ep.

DESCRIPTION OF NEW NETHERLAND. 119

bus atiace, ""8"-bears, shy of men, but which, when attacked, spring

on the hunters ; they first stop the wound with a pledget of leaves, and if the hunter, meanwhile, takes refuge in a tree, climb after and above him, then stick the head between the legs and fall downward. They sleep during winter, lying six weeks on one side and an equal time on the other, sucking their paw. A cripple bush or hollow mountain serves them eatin for a sleeping place. On the borders of Canada animals. ~ animals are now and again seen, somewhat resembling a horse; they have cloven hoofs, shaggy manes, a horn right out of the forehead, a tail like that of the wild hog, black eyes, a stag's neck & love the gloomiest wildernesses ; are shy of each other so that the male never feeds with the female except when they associate for purposes of increase. Then they lay aside their ferocity ; as soon as the rutting season is past, they again not only become wild but even attack their own. South of New Netherland are found numerous elks, animals which according to Erasmus Stella constitute a middle class between horses and deer.

On the borders of Canada animals. ~ animals are now and again seen, somewhat resembling a horse; they have cloven hoofs, shaggy manes, a horn right out of the forehead, a tail like that of the wild hog, black eyes, a stag's neck & love the gloomiest wildernesses ; are shy of each other so that the male never feeds with the female except when they associate for purposes of increase. Then they lay aside their ferocity ; as soon as the rutting season is past, they again not only become wild but even attack their own. South of New Netherland are found numerous elks, animals which according to Erasmus Stella constitute a middle class between horses and deer. They appear to derive their Dutch appellation (ee/anden) from elende (misery), because they die of the smallest wound, however strong they may otherwise be; also, because they are frequently afflicted with epilepsy. They have broad, branching horns, a short tail, a shaggy neck, variable hair, according to the difference of the season, wide and long ears, prominent lips, small teeth, a thick hide, which cannot be easily pierced. The females separate from the males, when they have shed their horns. Both can be easily tamed. When hunted they spew hot water out on the the dogs. They possess great strength of hoof, so as to strike a wolf dead at a blow. Their flesh, either fresh or salted, is very nutritious ; the hoofs cure the falling sickness. But no game ifici is moreabundant here than deer, which browze

They have broad, branching horns, a short tail, a shaggy neck, variable hair, according to the difference of the season, wide and long ears, prominent lips, small teeth, a thick hide, which cannot be easily pierced. The females separate from the males, when they have shed their horns. Both can be easily tamed. When hunted they spew hot water out on the the dogs. They possess great strength of hoof, so as to strike a wolf dead at a blow. Their flesh, either fresh or salted, is very nutritious ; the hoofs cure the falling sickness. But no game ifici is moreabundant here than deer, which browze

every where in large herds. When flying before wolves or hunters they oft times head towards streams, betake themselves to the water, where they are taken in great numbers, for whilst swimming across they get frightened by the echo from the mountains raised by the hunters on the opposite bank ; they dare not, consequently, approach land : meanwhile the hunters

» Remarkable elks.

=

120 DESCRIPTION OF NEW NETHERLAND.

tie branches together, by which the deer, after being chased, are Sometimes dragged down. New \Vetherland also produces many muskeats, especially in marshy ground. The animals are partieularly beautiful; the skin by its black spots has a handsome appearance ; the mouth is full of sharp teeth, the tails trail far

behind. Many learned men dispute respecting the Civets whence civet, namely, whether it be the seed of the civet ; cat: Cardanus so maintains, but he is thoroughly refuted on this point by Julius Scaliger Matthiolus, whose opinions many embrace ; he affirms the civet to be the sweat of the cat, inasmuch asit was gathered most plentifully whenever these animals, wearied by excitement, pant for breath. But whilst the sweat dropt from the whole body, yet as it did not impregnate the whole with musk, it cannot be musk.

Many learned men dispute respecting the Civets whence civet, namely, whether it be the seed of the civet ; cat: Cardanus so maintains, but he is thoroughly refuted on this point by Julius Scaliger Matthiolus, whose opinions many embrace ; he affirms the civet to be the sweat of the cat, inasmuch asit was gathered most plentifully whenever these animals, wearied by excitement, pant for breath. But whilst the sweat dropt from the whole body, yet as it did not impregnate the whole with musk, it cannot be musk. Others consider the civet to be an secretion of the cat. These divide all secretions into unprofitable, such as sweat, pus, excrement; or into useful, as milk, and semen for production. Civet must be classed among the latter, for it is, probably, nothing more than a secretion from the glands in the vicinity of privy parts, generated in the same way as the liver secretes the blood; udders and

women's breasts, milk; the ears, wax; and adders produce.

poison between their fangs. In the meantime cats are embarrassed with their civet, whereof they rid themselves by rubbing against trees, and evince friendship for those who, in the sheepfold, rub it off with a spoon. But in addition to other wild animals WVew Netherland furnishes, according to the occular evidence of Adriaen van der Donk, full eighty thousand beavers a year. Pliny relateshow these animals castrate themselves, and leave these parts to the hunters, inasmuch as they are much sought after, being an effectual remedy for mania, retention of the afterbirth, amenorrhea, dizziness, gout, lameness, belly and tooth aches, 'dulhiess of vision,

In the meantime cats are embarrassed with their civet, whereof they rid themselves by rubbing against trees, and evince friendship for those who, in the sheepfold, rub it off with a spoon. But in addition to other wild animals WVew Netherland furnishes, according to the occular evidence of Adriaen van der Donk, full eighty thousand beavers a year. Pliny relateshow these animals castrate themselves, and leave these parts to the hunters, inasmuch as they are much sought after, being an effectual remedy for mania, retention of the afterbirth, amenorrhea, dizziness, gout, lameness, belly and tooth aches, 'dulhiess of vision,

poisoning and rheumatism. But Pliny commits a Descripmakable, rave error; for the Beavers have very small testipauure ofthe cles fastened in such a manner to the back bone

that they cannot remove them except with life. Moreover, they live in the water and on land together in troops, in houses built of timber over a running stream, The houses excite

Pliny, lib. 32 cap. 3.

ee

DESCRIPTION OF NEW NETHERLAND. 121

no common admiration ; they are thus constructed--the Beavers first collect together all the drift wood which they find along the river, and whenever this falls short, they gnaw away, in the next adjoining wood, the sweetest bark all around with the front teeth, of which they have two in the upper, and two in the lower gum, they then cut right around the trunk until the tree falls; when they also shorten the pieces in like manner, to adapt them to the proposed building. The females carry the pieces on the back, the males support it behind so that it may not fall off. The houses rise ingeniously to the height of five stories; they are smeared above with clay to protect them from the rain ; in the middle is a convenient aperture through which to dive into the water as soon as they perceive any person.

no common admiration ; they are thus constructed--the Beavers first collect together all the drift wood which they find along the river, and whenever this falls short, they gnaw away, in the next adjoining wood, the sweetest bark all around with the front teeth, of which they have two in the upper, and two in the lower gum, they then cut right around the trunk until the tree falls; when they also shorten the pieces in like manner, to adapt them to the proposed building. The females carry the pieces on the back, the males support it behind so that it may not fall off. The houses rise ingeniously to the height of five stories; they are smeared above with clay to protect them from the rain ; in the middle is a convenient aperture through which to dive into the water as soon as they perceive any person. Wherefore, one of the troop keeps watch by turns, and in the winter a second keeps the water open by constant beating of the tail. The tail is flattish without hair, and most dainty food which in some places is served up as arare delicacy. The beavers go with young sixteen weeks ; they bear once a year four young, which ery and suck like young children ; for the mother rises on her hind paws and gives each two a breast as she has only two breasts between the fore legs ; these legs resemble somewhat those of the dog; the hindmost, like those of geese, lap in some measure over each other. On both sides of the privy parts lie two swellings enclosed in separate membranes. From the privy parts oozes an oleaginous humor, with which they smear all the accessible parts of the body in order to keep dry.

The beavers go with young sixteen weeks ; they bear once a year four young, which ery and suck like young children ; for the mother rises on her hind paws and gives each two a breast as she has only two breasts between the fore legs ; these legs resemble somewhat those of the dog; the hindmost, like those of geese, lap in some measure over each other. On both sides of the privy parts lie two swellings enclosed in separate membranes. From the privy parts oozes an oleaginous humor, with which they smear all the accessible parts of the body in order to keep dry. Inwardly they resemble a cut up hog ; they live on leaves and bark ; are excessively attached to their young ; the wind-hairs which rise glittering above the back, fall off in the summer, and grow again by the fall ; they are short necked, have strong sinews and muscles ; move rapidly in the water and on land; attacked by menor dogs, they bite ; fiercely. The pure Castor, so highly prized by

physicians, consists of oblong follicles, resembling a wrinkled pear which are firmly attached to the os pubis of

Castor, what.

the female beaver; the Indians cut up the little balls of

the males with their tobacco as they afford no castor. The air of New Netherland abounds with all sorts of birds.

122 _ DESCRIPTION OF NEW NETHERLAND.

Besides falcon, sparrow-hawks, fish-hawks, and Bie N: Nethe other birds of prey, there are here numbers of

physicians, consists of oblong follicles, resembling a wrinkled pear which are firmly attached to the os pubis of

Castor, what.

the female beaver; the Indians cut up the little balls of

the males with their tobacco as they afford no castor. The air of New Netherland abounds with all sorts of birds.

122 _ DESCRIPTION OF NEW NETHERLAND.

Besides falcon, sparrow-hawks, fish-hawks, and Bie N: Nethe other birds of prey, there are here numbers of

Eagles differing from each other; for some are greyish, others browner, except the head, neck, tail and striking feathers, which are of a snow white color. All havea strong body, bones without marrow, claws as long as a man's finger, the bill strong and crooked, the brains dry, the eyes small and hollow, the feathers hard, the right foot bigger than the left, both ill-looking, the blood gross, the excrements highly offensive. They build their nests in old groves where the ground is

clear of underwood ; also beside water; as they Fogiei ther feed on fish and devour all sorts of fowls, and even

rabbits, hares, tortoises and other four footed game that sleep in the open air; yea, when ahungered, they attack each other. Some eagles strike their prey at mid-day, others at the rising of the sun. They fall like lightning on the game they pursue, as the blood of animals serves them for drink. They are excessively lascivious, so that they go together more than thirty times a day, not only with their own kind, but even with the female hawks and she wolves (wolvinnen). They hatch out the large eggs in thirty, and the small in twenty days. They usually breed two to three young, whose eyes they turn towards the sun's rays. If these regard the light of heaven without blinking they bring them up, otherwise, those that cannot stand such a test are drove from the nest.

They are excessively lascivious, so that they go together more than thirty times a day, not only with their own kind, but even with the female hawks and she wolves (wolvinnen). They hatch out the large eggs in thirty, and the small in twenty days. They usually breed two to three young, whose eyes they turn towards the sun's rays. If these regard the light of heaven without blinking they bring them up, otherwise, those that cannot stand such a test are drove from the nest. The young, as soon as they begin to fly, are taken up into the air and, left there to themselves, are sustained by the old birds, who drive them away whenever they are fit to strike at game. Their sharp sightedness

is most remarkable, for lifted up in the clouds far beyond the

eye of man, they perceive the smallest fish in the river, anda skulking harein thestubble. Their breath stinks badly, wherefore the carcasses on which they feed rot rapidly, and though lascivious they are long lived : they die mostly of hunger, as the bill becomes by age so crooked that they cannot open any thing. Whereupon they finally fly to the highest regions towards the sun, tumble down into the coldest stream ; they pluck out their feathers, clammy with sweat, and thus breathe their last. But, besides the enumerated birds of prey, there is

ee ee

*

DESCRIPTION OF NEW NETHERLAND. 123

here an innumerable amount of herons, bitterns, ravens, crows, owls, swallows, finches, king fishers, hedge sparrows, woodcozks,

Their breath stinks badly, wherefore the carcasses on which they feed rot rapidly, and though lascivious they are long lived : they die mostly of hunger, as the bill becomes by age so crooked that they cannot open any thing. Whereupon they finally fly to the highest regions towards the sun, tumble down into the coldest stream ; they pluck out their feathers, clammy with sweat, and thus breathe their last. But, besides the enumerated birds of prey, there is

ee ee

*

DESCRIPTION OF NEW NETHERLAND. 123

here an innumerable amount of herons, bitterns, ravens, crows, owls, swallows, finches, king fishers, hedge sparrows, woodcozks,

pheasants and wrens. The wood peckers excel pecken the most in beautiful plumage and crests. These

peck large holes in the trees, and thus make a noise as of wood cutters laboring in the forest. The pigeons fly in such flocks that the Indians designedly remove to their breeding places, where the young birds, pushed by hundreds from their nests, serve for food during a long month for the whole family. New Netherland hath, moreover, a wonderful little bird, scarcely an inch long, quite brilliant of plumage, and sucking flowers like the bee ; it is so delicate that a dash of water instantly kills it, and when dried it is preserved as a curiosity. But this conntry particularly abounds in turkeys, whose number excites no less admiration than their rich flavour and their large size ; for they go together in flocks of thirty and forty : they weigh some thirty and more pounds ; they are shot or are caught with a bait concealing the hook. The waters here swarm, in the spring and fall, with swans, geese, wild ducks, teals, widgeons, divers, spoonbills and pelicans, besides another strange species, unknown in Europe.

But this conntry particularly abounds in turkeys, whose number excites no less admiration than their rich flavour and their large size ; for they go together in flocks of thirty and forty : they weigh some thirty and more pounds ; they are shot or are caught with a bait concealing the hook. The waters here swarm, in the spring and fall, with swans, geese, wild ducks, teals, widgeons, divers, spoonbills and pelicans, besides another strange species, unknown in Europe. The streams and lakes, rich with fishes, furnish sturgeon, salmon, carp, bass, pike, roach, bleak, [N. Y. shiners ?] all sorts of eel, smelt, sun fish, which resembles the bull head in taste, and little codfish, which are caught near water falls. The sea provides crabs, both hard and soft shelled, gurnets, sea horses, seals, codfish, shell fish, whiting, herring, makerel, thornbacks, plaice, flounders, bream, turtles and oysters, some a foot long containing pearls, but few of a brown color. Among the poisonous reptiles which invest Vew WVetherlandis the dreadful rattlesnake. This is variegated, hath a thick head, four long, sharp fangs, and a horny tail with joints doubled over each other, more or less according to age, for the tail increases one joint each year. The shaking of the tail causes a hideous drumming preliminary to its biting. The rattle-snake then opens wide its jaws; the upper one is arched and hath a blue membrance doubled. over, from which it shoots

Pigeons.

A pretty little bird.

Turkeys

Fishes.

Rattle snake.

This is variegated, hath a thick head, four long, sharp fangs, and a horny tail with joints doubled over each other, more or less according to age, for the tail increases one joint each year. The shaking of the tail causes a hideous drumming preliminary to its biting. The rattle-snake then opens wide its jaws; the upper one is arched and hath a blue membrance doubled. over, from which it shoots

Pigeons.

A pretty little bird.

Turkeys

Fishes.

Rattle snake.

124 DESCRIPTION OF NEW NETHERLAND.

along the fangs a deadly poison. A person wounded by this reptile would be cured with difficulty, did the field not produce a wholesome antidote, which the Indians carry constantly with

them. This people is divided into divers nations, Now Netherlanters2ll well shaped and strong, having pitch-black and

lank hair, as coarse as a horse's tail; broad shoulders ; small waist ; brown eyes and snow white teeth ; they are of a sallow color ; abstemious in food and drink. Water satisfies their thirst; high and low make use of Indian corn and beans, flesh meat and fish prepared allalike. Thecrushed corn is daily boiled to a pap called by them sappaen. They observe no set time for meals. Whenever hunger demands, the time for eating arrives. . Beavers' tails are considered the most savory delicacy. Whilst hunting they live some days on roasted corn carried about the person in a little bag.

A little corn in wafer swells to alarge mass. Henry he voraae, "Hudson relates, that he entered the river Montaines

Water satisfies their thirst; high and low make use of Indian corn and beans, flesh meat and fish prepared allalike. Thecrushed corn is daily boiled to a pap called by them sappaen. They observe no set time for meals. Whenever hunger demands, the time for eating arrives. . Beavers' tails are considered the most savory delicacy. Whilst hunting they live some days on roasted corn carried about the person in a little bag.

A little corn in wafer swells to alarge mass. Henry he voraae, "Hudson relates, that he entered the river Montaines

in the latitude of forty degrees and there went ashore ; the Indians made strange gambols with dancing and singing ; carried arrows, the points of which consisted of sharp stones, fastened to the wood with pitch ; they sleep under the blue sky on little mats of platted leaves of trees; suck strong tobacco ; are friendly but very thievish. Hudson sailed up thirty miles higher ; went into a canoe with an old Indian, achief over forty men and seventeen women, who conducted him ashore. They all abode in one house well built of the bark of oak trees. Around lay drying more than three ship loads of Indian eorn and beans ; besides the crop that stood luxuriantly in the field. Hudson scarcely had his head under the roof, but he was seated on two mats spread out on the floor. Two men immediately had orders to shoot game. In the twinkle of an eye these brought in pigeons they had killed. A fat dog which had been 'very expertly skinned with shells, was laid also on the 'fire. Other preparations were, likewise made for Hudson's good entertainment, but as he did not intend to pass the night there, he did not profit by them ; notwithstanding the Indians broke their arrows and cast them into the fire so that Hudson may rid himself

In the twinkle of an eye these brought in pigeons they had killed. A fat dog which had been 'very expertly skinned with shells, was laid also on the 'fire. Other preparations were, likewise made for Hudson's good entertainment, but as he did not intend to pass the night there, he did not profit by them ; notwithstanding the Indians broke their arrows and cast them into the fire so that Hudson may rid himself

Their food.

DESCRIPTION OF NEW NETHERLAND. 125

ofall fear. The clothing of the Vew Netherlanders

Clothing of the New ig most sumptuous. The women ornament themselves more than the men. . And although the

winters are very severe, they go naked until their thirteenth year ; the lower parts of the girls' bodies only are covered. All wear around the waist a girdle made of the fin of the whale or of seawant. The men wear between the legs a lap of duffels ' cloth, or leather, half an ell broad and nine quarters Jong ; so that a square piece hangs behind over the buttocks and in front over the belly. The women wear a petticoat down midway the leg, very richly ornamented with seawant so that the garment sometimes costs three hundred guilders. They also wrap the naked body in a deer's skin, the tips of which swing with thin points. A Jong robe fastened on the right shoulder with a knot, at the waist by a girdle, serves the men and women for an upper ornament, and by night for a bed cover. Both go, for the most part, bare headed. The women bind their hair behind in a plait, over which they draw a square cap thickly interwoven with seawant. They decorate the ornaments for the forehead with the same stuff.

They also wrap the naked body in a deer's skin, the tips of which swing with thin points. A Jong robe fastened on the right shoulder with a knot, at the waist by a girdle, serves the men and women for an upper ornament, and by night for a bed cover. Both go, for the most part, bare headed. The women bind their hair behind in a plait, over which they draw a square cap thickly interwoven with seawant. They decorate the ornaments for the forehead with the same stuff. Around the neck and arms they wear bracelets of seawant, and some around the waist. Shoes and stockings were made of Elk hides before the Holdanders settled here. Others made shoes even of straw. But since some time they prefer Dutch shoes and stockings. The men paint their faces of many colors. The women lay on a black spot only here and there. Both are uncommonly faithful. Their 'houses are for the most part built after one plan :--they differ only in the greater or smaller length: the

- breadth is invariably twenty feet. The following is the mode of construction. They: set various hickory poles in the ground according to the plan of the size of the building. The tops are bent together above in the form of a gallery, and throughout the length of these bent poles, laths are fastened. The walls and roof are then, covered with the bark of elm, ash, and chestnut trees; the bark is lapped over each other as a protection against a change of weather, and the smooth side is turned inward. The houses lodge fifteen families together, more or less, according to the dimensions, Hach knows its propor-

The tops are bent together above in the form of a gallery, and throughout the length of these bent poles, laths are fastened. The walls and roof are then, covered with the bark of elm, ash, and chestnut trees; the bark is lapped over each other as a protection against a change of weather, and the smooth side is turned inward. The houses lodge fifteen families together, more or less, according to the dimensions, Hach knows its propor-

Their houses.

126 DESCRIPTION OF NEW NETHERLAND.

tion. Their forts stand mostly on steep mountains, beside a stream of water. The entrance is only on one side. They are built in this wise. They set heavy timbers in the ground, with oak palisades on both sides, planted crosswise one with another. They join timbers again between the cross-trees, to strengthen the work. Within the enclosure they commonly build twenty or thirty houses, some of which are a hundred and eighty feet long, some less. All are crammed full of people. In the summer they set up huts along the rivers, in order to pursue fishing. In the winter they re- . move into the woods to be convenient to the hunting and toa supply of fire-wood. Plurality of wives is not in vogue here, except among the Chiefs, who take three or four to themselves. And such harmony exists among these, that they are never at variance. Minors do not marry, except with the advice of their parents or friends. Widowers and widows follow their own inclinations: regard is only had to each other's condition and children. The bridegroom must make a present to the bride. On the slightest misunderstanding, the wife, paid right off, is put by the husband out of doors, and she marries another. Thus some of them have a fresh wife every year.

And such harmony exists among these, that they are never at variance. Minors do not marry, except with the advice of their parents or friends. Widowers and widows follow their own inclinations: regard is only had to each other's condition and children. The bridegroom must make a present to the bride. On the slightest misunderstanding, the wife, paid right off, is put by the husband out of doors, and she marries another. Thus some of them have a fresh wife every year. In cases of separation, the children follow the mother, after whom the offspring also are called. They consider adultery, especially if nie committed in the open air, to be sinful. Fornica-. ee tion, however, is lawful for young women, provided commendable. Q it be for money. Wherefore, no person objects to marry such persons. Yea, the married boast of the numbers they slept with whilst unmarried. Whoever is inclined to marry, covers the whole body, and thus bemopped sits on the Bi soon ote way side. A passer by ere long releases 'the pig pregnant women, '2 the poke.' When pregnant, the woman takes great heed, in order that the embryo may not be injured. On the approach of the birth of the child, which she precisely knows, she retires to,a lonely place in the woods, even in the severest cold, erects a hut of mats, separates the child with- » out any one's aid, washes it in the water, and wraps it around with matting. Ina few days she turns homeward, and brings

A passer by ere long releases 'the pig pregnant women, '2 the poke.' When pregnant, the woman takes great heed, in order that the embryo may not be injured. On the approach of the birth of the child, which she precisely knows, she retires to,a lonely place in the woods, even in the severest cold, erects a hut of mats, separates the child with- » out any one's aid, washes it in the water, and wraps it around with matting. Ina few days she turns homeward, and brings

Their forts.

Removing.

Marriage.

Divorce.

DESCRIPTION OF NEW NETHERLAND. 127

the suckling carefully up; a child is never put out to nurse. As long as a woman suckles, or is pregnant, she admits of no connection. The catamenia do not appear. In sickness they are very faithful to each other. The next of kin closes the eyes of the deceased. After being waked for a few days, theaeae""€ they are thus interred. The body hath a stone under the head; it is placed in a sitting posture; they place beside it a pot, kettle, a platter, spoon, money, and provisions, to be made use of in the other world. They then stow wood all around, which they cover with planks; on the planks, which are covered with earth and stones, palisades are fastened in such a manner that the tomb resembles a little house, to which they pay divine reverence; wherefore they consider it a great profanation to violate such places. The men make no noise over the dead, but the women carry on uncommonly; they strike their breasts, tear their faces, call the name of the deceased day and night. The mothers make the loudest lamentations on the death of their sons: They cut off their hair, which they burn on Very remarkable i F ' morning for the the grave in the presence of all the relatives.

They then stow wood all around, which they cover with planks; on the planks, which are covered with earth and stones, palisades are fastened in such a manner that the tomb resembles a little house, to which they pay divine reverence; wherefore they consider it a great profanation to violate such places. The men make no noise over the dead, but the women carry on uncommonly; they strike their breasts, tear their faces, call the name of the deceased day and night. The mothers make the loudest lamentations on the death of their sons: They cut off their hair, which they burn on Very remarkable i F ' morning for the the grave in the presence of all the relatives. Wives do the same on the death of their lrusbands, in addition to painting the face pitch black ; and thus ina deer skin jerkin they mourn the dead a whole year, notwithstanding they sometimes lived unhappily together. On some occasions they have meetings for devil-worship. Here conjurors act a wonderful part. These tumble, with strange conpes eee ad tortions, head over heels ; beat themselves, leap, with a hideous noise, through and around a large .. fire. Finally, they all raise a tremendous caterwauling, when the devil (as they say) appears in the shape of a ravenous or harmless animal: the first betokens something bad ; the other good: both give information respecting coming events; but obscurely, which they attribute to their own ignorance, not understanding the Devil's right meaning when matters turn out differently. They, moreover, bewitch some in such ikea'? wise that they foam at the mouth, throw themselves in the fire and smite themselves unmercifully ; and as soon as they whisper any words in the ear of the bewitched

Finally, they all raise a tremendous caterwauling, when the devil (as they say) appears in the shape of a ravenous or harmless animal: the first betokens something bad ; the other good: both give information respecting coming events; but obscurely, which they attribute to their own ignorance, not understanding the Devil's right meaning when matters turn out differently. They, moreover, bewitch some in such ikea'? wise that they foam at the mouth, throw themselves in the fire and smite themselves unmercifully ; and as soon as they whisper any words in the ear of the bewitched

328 DESCRIPTION OF NEW NETHERLAND.

the enchantment ceases. The language of this Ne Net Clatgers people is very various, but they can be classed inte

four principal tongues, namely, Mahatans, Wappanoo, Siavanoo, and Minquaes ; they are very difficult for strangers to learn, as they are spoken without any principles. Their money consists of zeawant, [wampum] which. is nothing more than the inside little pillars of the eonckshells, which the sea casts up twice a year. These pillars they polish smooth ; drill a hole through the centre ; reduce it to a certain size, and string the pieces on threads, The strings fill the place of gold, silver and copper coin. Great faults, as

well as virtues, are remarked in the inhabitants ; ene tor besides being slovenly and slothful, they are

also found to be thievish, head-strong, greedy and vindictive. In other respects they are grave, chary of speech, which, after mature consideration, is slowly uttered and long remembered. The understanding being somewhat sharpened by the Hollanders, they evince sufficient ability to distinguish carefully good from evil. They will not suffer any imposition. No wise disposed to gluttony, they are able patiently to endure cold, heat, hunger and thirst. They are remarkably addicted to the use of sweating baths, made of earth and lined with clay.

In other respects they are grave, chary of speech, which, after mature consideration, is slowly uttered and long remembered. The understanding being somewhat sharpened by the Hollanders, they evince sufficient ability to distinguish carefully good from evil. They will not suffer any imposition. No wise disposed to gluttony, they are able patiently to endure cold, heat, hunger and thirst. They are remarkably addicted to the use of sweating baths, made of earth and lined with clay. A small door serves as an entrance, The patient creeps in, seats himself down, and places heated stones around the sides. Whenever he hath sweated a certain time, he immerses himself suddenly in cold water ; from which he derives great security against all sorts of sickness. Though this people do not make such a distinction between man and

Zeawant.

Singular hot bath.

man as other nations, yet they have high and low families ; infe- _

rior and superior chiefs, whose authority remains hereditarily in the houses. The military offices are disposed of only according to the valorous prowess of each person. The commander does not divide his soldiers into regiments, companies or files, but leads them on merely to overreach the enemy from an ambuseade. They undertake the most of their expeditions in the night. They do not maintain their position long against a sudden onslaught, unless surrounded, then they fight to the last man. Whenever they anticipate any

Mode of war.

Fea ah tae:

DESCRIPTION OF NEW NETHERLAND. 129

danger, the women and children are placed in a secure hiding place. Their weapons used formerly to be the arrow, bow and war club. They now use the snap-haunce at which they are very expert. .A square shield covers the body up to the shoulders. A snake skin is tied around the head from the centre of which sticks up a fox's or bear's tail.

Mode of war.

Fea ah tae:

DESCRIPTION OF NEW NETHERLAND. 129

danger, the women and children are placed in a secure hiding place. Their weapons used formerly to be the arrow, bow and war club. They now use the snap-haunce at which they are very expert. .A square shield covers the body up to the shoulders. A snake skin is tied around the head from the centre of which sticks up a fox's or bear's tail. The face is not recognizable on account of its variety of colors. Prisoners' lives are rarely spared, unless that of

memof mrsonee, Women and children, who are treated by the conquerors in the same manner as their own, in order

thus to recruit their numbers. If, however, a prisoner be not put to death immediately after the battle, but handed over to some person whose relative had been formerly killed by the conquered party, he is roasted three days long before he gives up the ghost. It excites uncommon admiration if the sufferer constantly sing in the midst of his torture. Notwithstanding misdemeanors are not punished, wicked acts are of rare occurrence. Stolen property, whenever discovered, is ordered by the Chief to be restored. The next of kin of the murdered man may kill the murderer, if he overtake him within four and twenty hours. But if he avenge himself later, he is subject to be slain by the

relative of the second victim, within the limit of the stated time.

All obligations acquire their force from the accept-

Notwithstanding misdemeanors are not punished, wicked acts are of rare occurrence. Stolen property, whenever discovered, is ordered by the Chief to be restored. The next of kin of the murdered man may kill the murderer, if he overtake him within four and twenty hours. But if he avenge himself later, he is subject to be slain by the

relative of the second victim, within the limit of the stated time.

All obligations acquire their force from the accept-

Naito ance of presents. They proceed thus: They take

as many little sticks as there are conditions in their

proposals. Ifthey agree on all, each party, at the conclusion, lays

his presents at the feet of the other. They sometimes hang up the presents, whilst they deliberate earnestly on the proposal

during three days. If the present be accepted, the negotiation

is firmly concluded ; but if not, they proceed no further in the matter, unless the applicant change the conditions and the present. On oceasions of importance, a general assembly is held at the house of one of the chiefs; in order that the sachems there assembled, may explain what has been concluded. Then the most eloquent rises and endeavours to render the determination popular with the masses. It some-

Weapons.

Laws.

Death punishment.

Public councils.

VoL. rv. 9

130 DESCRIPTION OF NEW NETHERLAND.

times happens that a ringleader will admit of no 'reasoning, whereupon some of the chiefs strikes the mutineer on the head with an axe. No one is so bold as to dare to mutter a word in such a case. No trace of divine worship Worship can hardly be discovered here. Only they ascribe . great influence to the moon over the crops. The Sun, as all seeing, is taken to witness as often as they take an oath.

times happens that a ringleader will admit of no 'reasoning, whereupon some of the chiefs strikes the mutineer on the head with an axe. No one is so bold as to dare to mutter a word in such a case. No trace of divine worship Worship can hardly be discovered here. Only they ascribe . great influence to the moon over the crops. The Sun, as all seeing, is taken to witness as often as they take an oath. They pay great reverence to the Devil, be- Devil worship, Cause they fear great trouble from him when hunting and fishing: wherefore the first fruits of the chase is burnt in his honor, so that they may not receive injury. If they experience pain in any part, they say-- Devil lurks in there. They fully acknowledge that a Mieuouss" ""Y God dwells beyond the stars, who, however, gives himself no concern about the doings of Devils on earth ; because he is constantly occupied with a beautiful Goddess, whose origin is unknown. She once came down from heaven into the water (for before the creation all was water, ) and would have sunk, unless land had suddenly bubbled up under her feet. The land waxed bigger, so that paket erelong a whole globe was perceptible, which quickly produced all sorts of vegetables and trees. Meanwhile, the goddess brought forth a deer, bear-and wolf, and again cohabited with these animals: She thus became pregnant, and lay in of divers sorts of creatures at one birth. From this arises the variety not only of animals, but also of men, which in color are either black, white or sallow ; in disposition either timid as the deer, revengeful as bears or rapacious as wolves. After she had thus acted the Universal mother returned up to Heaven, where she enjoys perfect bliss with the Sovereign Lord, whom they know not nor ever saw ; wherefore they will be held less responsible than the Christians ; pretending to acknowledge him a punisher of all wicked deeds which they commit notwithstanding, and it is with more difficulty that they can be. brought from these adopted vices to christianity. _ Regarding the souls of the Dead, they believe: Belief regarding haga: that those who have done good enjoy every sort of pleasure in a temperate country to the South,

After she had thus acted the Universal mother returned up to Heaven, where she enjoys perfect bliss with the Sovereign Lord, whom they know not nor ever saw ; wherefore they will be held less responsible than the Christians ; pretending to acknowledge him a punisher of all wicked deeds which they commit notwithstanding, and it is with more difficulty that they can be. brought from these adopted vices to christianity. _ Regarding the souls of the Dead, they believe: Belief regarding haga: that those who have done good enjoy every sort of pleasure in a temperate country to the South,

DESCRIPTION OF NEW NETHERLAND. . 131

where the bad wander about in misery. They believe the loud howlings which wild animals make at night, to be the wailings of the ghosts of wicked bodies.'

The fertility and situation of New Netherland induced the rea. Burgomasters of Amsterdam to send a colony Noonization of thither. Wherefore they agreed with the West

India Company with the approbation of the States General at the Hague. In the year sixteen hundred and fifty six, they shipped accordingly over to Wew Netherland seventy families, to which they added three hundred Waldenses who had been driven out of Piedmont. These embarked on the fifteenth of December by beat ofdrum.? Colonization prospered. Meanwhile, when the war between the English crown and the United Netherlands broke out, the Dutch found themselves, after ten years possession, so powerless against the English that they surrendered to this nation. Jew Amsterdam obtained consequently the name of Wew York. The conquered inhabitants experienced great inconvenience inasmuch as Trade was suddenly brought to a stand.

In the year sixteen hundred and fifty six, they shipped accordingly over to Wew Netherland seventy families, to which they added three hundred Waldenses who had been driven out of Piedmont. These embarked on the fifteenth of December by beat ofdrum.? Colonization prospered. Meanwhile, when the war between the English crown and the United Netherlands broke out, the Dutch found themselves, after ten years possession, so powerless against the English that they surrendered to this nation. Jew Amsterdam obtained consequently the name of Wew York. The conquered inhabitants experienced great inconvenience inasmuch as Trade was suddenly brought to a stand.

FIRST EMIGRANTS TO NEW NETHERLAND. ' [ From Baudartius. ]

Inasmuch as the multitude of people, not only natives but foreigners, who are seeking a livelihood in the United Provinces is very great, so that where one stiver is to be earned there are ten hands ready to seize it, especially in Holland which is the reservoir of divers kingdoms and countries. Many are obliged, on this account, to go in search of other lands and residences where they can obtain a living more easily and at Jess expense. Accordingly, in the year 1624,as in previous years, divers families went from Holland to Virginia in the West Indies, a great portion of them being English, called Brownists, whom King James will not permit nor suffer to live in his land, because they hold and maintain divers points of religion improbated by the present church of England.

1 The preceding part of this article seems to have been borrowed from Van der Donck's Beschryving van Nieuw Nederlandt, published in Holland in 1656. Ep. '

Accordingly, in the year 1624,as in previous years, divers families went from Holland to Virginia in the West Indies, a great portion of them being English, called Brownists, whom King James will not permit nor suffer to live in his land, because they hold and maintain divers points of religion improbated by the present church of England.

1 The preceding part of this article seems to have been borrowed from Van der Donck's Beschryving van Nieuw Nederlandt, published in Holland in 1656. Ep. '

2 They settled in what is now the State of Delaware. Ep.

132 . DESCRIPTION OF NEW NETHERLAND.

A ship arrived in August from that part of Virginia called New Netherland, which had conveyed some families from Holland thither. This vessel brings many and various letters from private individuals, each written to friends and acquaintances, whereof this is mostly the tenor--

" We were much gratified on arriving in this country ; Here

we found beautiful rivers, bubbling fountains flowing down into .

the valleys ; basins of running waters in the flatlands, agreeable fruits in the woods, such as strawberries, pigeon berries, walnuts, and also voor labrusten or wild grapes. The woods abound with acorns for feeding hogs,and with venison. There is considerable fish in the rivers; good tillage land; here is, especially, free coming and going, 'without fear of the naked natives of the country. Had we cows, hogs, and other cattle fit for food (which we daily expect in the first ships) we would not wish to return to Holland, for whatever we desire in the paradise of Holland, is here to be found. If you will come hither with your family, you will not regret it."

There is considerable fish in the rivers; good tillage land; here is, especially, free coming and going, 'without fear of the naked natives of the country. Had we cows, hogs, and other cattle fit for food (which we daily expect in the first ships) we would not wish to return to Holland, for whatever we desire in the paradise of Holland, is here to be found. If you will come hither with your family, you will not regret it."

This and similar letters have roused and stimulated many to resolve to emigrate thither with their families, in the hope of being able to earn a handsome livelihood, strongly fancying that they will live there in luxury and ease, whilst here on the contrary, they must earn their bread by the sweat of their brow. Baupartius' Gedenkwaardige Geschiedenissen zo kerkelyke als wereldlyke. 2 vols. fol. Arnhem. 1624.

We translate the above from the Sheboygan Wieuwsbode of 15 Sept. 1851. Gulielmus Baudartius (or Baudart) the author of the work from which it is borrowed, was Minister at Zutphen for a period of thirty six years. He was originally a native of Deinse in Flanders, and was selected at the Synod of Dort asone

of the translators of the Old Testament--so great was his:

reputation as a Hebrew Scholar. He died at Zutphen in 1640, at the age of 66 years. A list of his works will be found in the Biog. Universelle ; Biog. Dict. Watts &. The Gedenkwaardige Geschiedenissen, or Remarkable ecclesiastical and political Events, from 1603 to 1624, is represented asa sort of Supplement to Van Meteren's History. Ep.

He was originally a native of Deinse in Flanders, and was selected at the Synod of Dort asone

of the translators of the Old Testament--so great was his:

reputation as a Hebrew Scholar. He died at Zutphen in 1640, at the age of 66 years. A list of his works will be found in the Biog. Universelle ; Biog. Dict. Watts &. The Gedenkwaardige Geschiedenissen, or Remarkable ecclesiastical and political Events, from 1603 to 1624, is represented asa sort of Supplement to Van Meteren's History. Ep.

VI.

TRIAL FOR WITCHCRAFT.

{Court of Assize Book.:]

At ye Court of Assizes held in New Yorke ye 24 day of. October 1665 &e. The Tryall of Ralph Hall and Mary his wife, upon suspicion, of Witchcraft. The names of the Persons who served on the Grand Jury. Thomas Baker, fforeman of y* Jury, of East Hampton. Capt John Symonds of Hempsteed. Mr? Hallet Anthony Waters Thomas Wandall of Marshpath Kills. M' Nicolls of Stamford Balthazer de Haart , John Garland Jacob Leisler Anthonio de Mill * > of New Yorke. Alexander Munro Thomas Searle

Jamaica

The Prisoners being brought to the Barr by Allard Anthony, Bherifts of New Yorke, This following Indictmt was read, first against Ralph Hal] and then agst Mary his wife, viz'.

The Constable and Overseers of the Towne of Seatallcott, in the East Riding of Yorkshire upon Long Island, Do Present for our Soveraigne Lord the King, That Ralph Hall of Seatallcott aforesaid, upon ye 25" day of December ; being Christmas day last, was Twelve Monthes, in the 15" yeare of the Raigne of our Soveraigne Lord, Charles y° Second, by the Grace of God, King

The Prisoners being brought to the Barr by Allard Anthony, Bherifts of New Yorke, This following Indictmt was read, first against Ralph Hal] and then agst Mary his wife, viz'.

The Constable and Overseers of the Towne of Seatallcott, in the East Riding of Yorkshire upon Long Island, Do Present for our Soveraigne Lord the King, That Ralph Hall of Seatallcott aforesaid, upon ye 25" day of December ; being Christmas day last, was Twelve Monthes, in the 15" yeare of the Raigne of our Soveraigne Lord, Charles y° Second, by the Grace of God, King

TRIAL FOR WITCHCRAFT. 134

of England, Scotland, ffrance and Ireland, Defender of the ffaith &c, and severall other dayes and times since that day, by some detestable and wicked Arts, commonly called Witchcraft and Sorcery, did (as is suspected) maliciously.and feloniously, practice and Exercise at the said towne of Seataleott in the East Riding of Yorkshire on Long Island aforesaid, on the Person of George Wood, late of the same place by wc wicked and detestable Arts, the said George Wood (as is suspected) most dangerously and mortally sickned and languished, And not long after by the aforesaid wicked and detestable Arts, the said George Wood (as is likewise suspected) dyed. ~~

Moreover, The Constable and overseers of the said Towne of Seatalcott, in the East Riding of Yorkshire upon Long Island aforesaid, do further Present for our Soveraigne Lord the King, That some while after the death of the aforesaid George Wood, The said Ralph Hall did (as is suspected) divers times by yé like wicked and detestable Arts, comonly called Witheraft and Sorcery, Maliciously and feloniously practise and Exercise at the said Towne of Seatalcott, in the East Riding of Yorkshire upon Long Island aforesaid, on the Person of an Infant Childe of Ann Rogers, widdow of ye aforesaid George Wood deceased, by w" wicked and detestable Arts, the said Infant Childe (as is suspected) most dangerously & mortally sickned and languished, and not long after by the said Wicked and detestable Arts (as is likewise suspected) dyed, And so y° said Constable and Overseers do Present, That the said George Wood, and the s¢ Infante s?

Moreover, The Constable and overseers of the said Towne of Seatalcott, in the East Riding of Yorkshire upon Long Island aforesaid, do further Present for our Soveraigne Lord the King, That some while after the death of the aforesaid George Wood, The said Ralph Hall did (as is suspected) divers times by yé like wicked and detestable Arts, comonly called Witheraft and Sorcery, Maliciously and feloniously practise and Exercise at the said Towne of Seatalcott, in the East Riding of Yorkshire upon Long Island aforesaid, on the Person of an Infant Childe of Ann Rogers, widdow of ye aforesaid George Wood deceased, by w" wicked and detestable Arts, the said Infant Childe (as is suspected) most dangerously & mortally sickned and languished, and not long after by the said Wicked and detestable Arts (as is likewise suspected) dyed, And so y° said Constable and Overseers do Present, That the said George Wood, and the s¢ Infante s? Childe by the wayes and meanes aforesaid, most. wickedly maliciously and feloniously were (as is suspected) murdered by the said Ralph Hall at the times and places aforesaid, agst ye Peace of Our Soveraigne Lord y° King and against the Laws of this Government in such Cases Provided. ,

The like Indictmt was read, against Mary the wife of Ralph Hall.

There upon, several] Depositions, accusing y® Prisonrs of ye fact for which they were endicted were read, but no witnesse. appeared to give Testimony in Court vive voce.

Then the Clarke calling upon Ralph Hall, bad him hold up his hand, and read as followes.

Childe by the wayes and meanes aforesaid, most. wickedly maliciously and feloniously were (as is suspected) murdered by the said Ralph Hall at the times and places aforesaid, agst ye Peace of Our Soveraigne Lord y° King and against the Laws of this Government in such Cases Provided. ,

The like Indictmt was read, against Mary the wife of Ralph Hall.

There upon, several] Depositions, accusing y® Prisonrs of ye fact for which they were endicted were read, but no witnesse. appeared to give Testimony in Court vive voce.

Then the Clarke calling upon Ralph Hall, bad him hold up his hand, and read as followes.

TRIAL FOR WITCHCRAFT. 135

Ralph Hall thou standest here indicted, for that having not y° feare of God before thine eyes. Thou did'st upon the 25th day of December, being Christmas day last was 12 Moneths, and at seu'all other times since, as is suspected, by some wicked and detestable Arts, commonly called witcheraft.and Sorcery, maliciously and feloniously practice and Exercise, upon the Bodyes of George Wood, and an Infant Childe of Ann Rogers, by which said Arts, the said George Wood and the Infant Childe (as is suspected) most dangerously and mortally fell sick, and languisht unto death. Ralph Hall, what dost thou say for thyselfe, art thou guilty, or not guilty ?

Mary the wife of Ralph Hall was called upon in like manner.

They both Pleaded not guilty and threw themselves to bee Tryed by God and the Country.

Where upon, their Case was referr'd to ye Jury, who brought in to the Court, this following verdict vizt.

Thou did'st upon the 25th day of December, being Christmas day last was 12 Moneths, and at seu'all other times since, as is suspected, by some wicked and detestable Arts, commonly called witcheraft.and Sorcery, maliciously and feloniously practice and Exercise, upon the Bodyes of George Wood, and an Infant Childe of Ann Rogers, by which said Arts, the said George Wood and the Infant Childe (as is suspected) most dangerously and mortally fell sick, and languisht unto death. Ralph Hall, what dost thou say for thyselfe, art thou guilty, or not guilty ?

Mary the wife of Ralph Hall was called upon in like manner.

They both Pleaded not guilty and threw themselves to bee Tryed by God and the Country.

Where upon, their Case was referr'd to ye Jury, who brought in to the Court, this following verdict vizt.

Wee having seriously considered the Case committed to our Charge, against y® Prison's at the Barr, and having well weighed y® Evidence, wee finde that there are some suspitions by the Evidence, of what the woman is Charged with, but nothing considerable of value to take away her life. But in reference to the man wee finde nothing considerable to charge him with.

The Court there upon, gave this sentence, That the man should

bee bound Body and Goods for his wives Apperance, at the next Sessions, and soon from Sessions to Sessions as Jong as they stay wthin this Government, In the meane while, to bee of ye good Behaviot So they were return'd,into the Sheriffs Custody, and upon Entring into a Recognizance, according to the Sentence of the Court, they were released.

But in reference to the man wee finde nothing considerable to charge him with.

The Court there upon, gave this sentence, That the man should

bee bound Body and Goods for his wives Apperance, at the next Sessions, and soon from Sessions to Sessions as Jong as they stay wthin this Government, In the meane while, to bee of ye good Behaviot So they were return'd,into the Sheriffs Custody, and upon Entring into a Recognizance, according to the Sentence of the Court, they were released.

(Orders Warrants Letters, II.]

A Release to Ralph Hall & Mary his wife from y°® Recognizance they entred into at the Assizes.

These Are to.Certify all whom it may Concerne That Ralph Hall & Mary his wife (at present living upon Great Minifords Island) are hereby released & acquitted from any & all Recognizances, bonds of appearance or otht obligations--entred into by them or either of them for the peace or good behavio™ upon

136 TRIAL FOR WITCHCRAFT.

account of any accusation or Indictemt upon suspition of Witch Craft brought into the Cort of Assizes against them in the year 1665. There haueving beene no direct proofes nor furth" prosecucon of them or eith" of them since--Giuen und! my hand at Fort James in New Yorke this 21 day of August 1668.

R. NICOLLS.

[Court of Assize Book. ]

An Ord' for Katherine Harrison to Remove from Westchest.

Whereas Complaint hath beene made unto me by yé Inhabitants of Westchestr agt Katherine Harrison late of Wethersfeild in his Maties Colony of Connecticott widdow. That contrary to y° consent & good liking of y¢ Towne she would settle amongst them & she being reputed to be a person lyeing und? ye supposicon of Witchcraft hath given some cause of apprehension to ye Inhabitants there, To ye end their Jealousyes & feares as to this perticuler may be removed, I have thought fitt to ord? & appoint that ye Constable & Overseers of ye Towne of Westchestt do giue warning to ye said Katherine Harrison to remove out of their p'cincts in some short tyme after notice giuen, and they are likewise to admonish her to retorne to y® place of her former abode, that they nor their neighbours may receive no further disturbance by her, Given und" my hand at ffort James in New Yorke this 7h day of July, 1670.

That contrary to y° consent & good liking of y¢ Towne she would settle amongst them & she being reputed to be a person lyeing und? ye supposicon of Witchcraft hath given some cause of apprehension to ye Inhabitants there, To ye end their Jealousyes & feares as to this perticuler may be removed, I have thought fitt to ord? & appoint that ye Constable & Overseers of ye Towne of Westchestt do giue warning to ye said Katherine Harrison to remove out of their p'cincts in some short tyme after notice giuen, and they are likewise to admonish her to retorne to y® place of her former abode, that they nor their neighbours may receive no further disturbance by her, Given und" my hand at ffort James in New Yorke this 7h day of July, 1670.

An Ord? for Katherine Harrison & Capt Richard Panton to appeare at ye ffort before ye Governor.

Whereas Complaint hath beene made unto me by y® Inhabitants of Westchestt agt Katherine Harrison widdow That she doth neglect to refuse or obey my late Ordr concerning her removall out of ye said*Towne, These are to require you that you give notice unto the said Katherine Harrison as also unto Ca pt» Richard Panton at whose house she resydeth, That they make their personall appearance before me in this place on Wednesday "next being ye 24th of this Instant month, when those of y¢ Towne that have ought to object agt them doe likewise attend,

Whereas Complaint hath beene made unto me by y® Inhabitants of Westchestt agt Katherine Harrison widdow That she doth neglect to refuse or obey my late Ordr concerning her removall out of ye said*Towne, These are to require you that you give notice unto the said Katherine Harrison as also unto Ca pt» Richard Panton at whose house she resydeth, That they make their personall appearance before me in this place on Wednesday "next being ye 24th of this Instant month, when those of y¢ Towne that have ought to object agt them doe likewise attend,

TRIAL FOR WITCHCRAFT. 137

where I shall edeavo' a Composure of this difference betweene them. Given und' my hand at ffort James in New Yorke this 20 day of August 1670.

To ye Constable of Westchest«.

A warrant to ye Constable of Westchest' to take an Account of ye Goods of Katherine Harrison. These are to require you to take an Account of such Goods as haue lately beene brought from out of his Mati¢s Colony of Connecticott unto Katherine Harrison & having taken a note of ye pticulers that yo retorne ye same unto me for ye doeing whereof this shall be yor warrant, Given und" my hand at ffort James in New Yorke this 25 day of August 1670. To y° ptsent Constable of Westchester.

An Ord concerning Katherine Harrison.

Whereas seuerall Adresses haue beene made unto me by some of ye Inhabitants of Westchestt on behalfe of y¢ rest desiring that Katherine Harrison late of Wethersfeild in his Maties Colony of Connecticott widdow at p'sent residing in their Towne may be ordered to remove from thence & not permitted to stay wthin their Jurisdiction upon an apprehension they have of her grounded upon some troubles she hath layne und" at Wethersfeild upon suspition of Witchcraft, the reasons whereof do not so clearly appeare unto me, Yett notwttstanding to giue as much satisfaction as may be to y® Comp!'s who prtend their feares to be of a publique Concerne I have not thought fitt absolutely to determyne ye matt" at p'sent, but do suspend it untill ye next Gen!!!

Whereas seuerall Adresses haue beene made unto me by some of ye Inhabitants of Westchestt on behalfe of y¢ rest desiring that Katherine Harrison late of Wethersfeild in his Maties Colony of Connecticott widdow at p'sent residing in their Towne may be ordered to remove from thence & not permitted to stay wthin their Jurisdiction upon an apprehension they have of her grounded upon some troubles she hath layne und" at Wethersfeild upon suspition of Witchcraft, the reasons whereof do not so clearly appeare unto me, Yett notwttstanding to giue as much satisfaction as may be to y® Comp!'s who prtend their feares to be of a publique Concerne I have not thought fitt absolutely to determyne ye matt" at p'sent, but do suspend it untill ye next Gen!!! Co't of Assizes, when there will be a full meeting of y® Councell & Justices of y® peace to debate & conclude y® same. In ye meane tyme ye said Katherine Harrison wth her Children may remaine in the Towne of Westchest' where she now is wtbout disturbance or molestation, she having given sufficient security for her Civill carriage & good behaviour. Given und? my hand at ffort James in New York this 25th day of August in y® 22th yeare of his Maties Raigne Annog Domini 1670.

138 TRIAL FOR WITCHCRAFT.

An° 1670.

Appeals, Actions, Presentmts &¢. Entred for Hearing & Tryall at y® Gena" Cort of Assizes to bee eld in New Yorke beginning on the first Wednesay of Octob 1670. Katherine Harryson bound over to appeare upon ye Comp!t of the Inhabitants of Westchester upon suspicon of Witch-eraft. In the case of Katherine Harryson Widdow, who was bound to the good Behaviour upon Complt of some of the Inhabitants of Westchester untill ye holding of this Court, It is Ordered, that in regard there is nothing appears against her deserving the continuance of that obligacon shee is to bee releast from it, & hath Liberty to remaine in the Towne of Westchester where shee now resides, or any where else in the Governmt during her

In the case of Katherine Harryson Widdow, who was bound to the good Behaviour upon Complt of some of the Inhabitants of Westchester untill ye holding of this Court, It is Ordered, that in regard there is nothing appears against her deserving the continuance of that obligacon shee is to bee releast from it, & hath Liberty to remaine in the Towne of Westchester where shee now resides, or any where else in the Governmt during her

pleasure

VI.

ASSESSMENT ROLLS

THE FIVE DUTCH TOWNS

KING'S COUNTY, L. I

1675.

eee ee

Translated from the Original Dutch MS.

°." The Assessment Roll of Kings County for the year 1676, will be found in the Doc. Hist. of N. Y.. Vol. II.

ASSESSMENT ROLL OF THE REAL AND PERSONAL PkRO- PERTY IN BOSWYCK, MADE UP ON THE 19th AUGUST, 1675.

Prerer Parmentier : 3 polls, 2 horses, 3 oxen, 6 cows, 2 ditto of 3 yrs., 3 ditto of 2 yrs.,

Cartes Fontrern : 1 poll, 1 horse of 3 yrs. 2 oxen, 10 cows, 4 ditto of 3 yrs. 6 ditto of 2 yrs. 2 ditto of 1 yr. 4 hogs........ £122

40 morgens of land and valley.......... 80 a

142 ASSESSMENT ROLLS

Evert Hepeman : 1 poll, 1 horse, 2 oxen, 2 ROWS ENO sits die Sih «0iy 9 a-die (wo asda - £53 133 morgens of land and valley......... 27

Jaques Cossartr: 1 poll, 2 cows, 1 hog, 5 sheep,. . de sheve scowl bills omtse cheek papareens of lates seeede¥eeciweee tree 10

Cartes Fontrern : 1 poll, 1 horse of 3 yrs. 2 oxen, 10 cows, 4 ditto of 3 yrs. 6 ditto of 2 yrs. 2 ditto of 1 yr. 4 hogs........ £122

40 morgens of land and valley.......... 80 a

142 ASSESSMENT ROLLS

Evert Hepeman : 1 poll, 1 horse, 2 oxen, 2 ROWS ENO sits die Sih «0iy 9 a-die (wo asda - £53 133 morgens of land and valley......... 27

Jaques Cossartr: 1 poll, 2 cows, 1 hog, 5 sheep,. . de sheve scowl bills omtse cheek papareens of lates seeede¥eeciweee tree 10

Prerer Scuamp: 1 poll, 2 cows, 1 nk 3

morgens of land....... y Rene Mie ae aw ome ADRIAEN DE LA Force: 1 poll, 1 tes 1 ditto of 2 yrs eeeeeeee e@oeeeeo ee ee Oe e@eeevee

GisBerT THEUNISSE: 2 polls, 3 home 2 ditto of 2 yrs. 2 ditto of 1 yr. 4 cows, 2 ditto of 3 yrs. 2 ditto of 2 yrs. 2 ditto of 1 yr.

L hog, TQ Sheep conven tng caeusee oe £129

22 moigens of land & valley........... 44

Cuartes Housman: 1 poll, 1 horse, 3 cows.. £45 11 morgens of land & valley.......... 22

Stas DE GRoorr: 1 poll, 1 horse, 1 cow..... CorvELis JANSEN: 1 poll, 1 horse of 3 yrs. 1

cow 1 ditto of 3 yrs. 1 ditto of 2 yrs.... £37.10

4 morgens of land and valley...... + emake 8

Jan Corneuise Zeuw: 1 poll, 2 horses, 2 cows, D sheep,..*.... er Ta re eS | 17 morgens of land and valley, ......... 34

Cuartes Housman: 1 poll, 1 horse, 3 cows.. £45 11 morgens of land & valley.......... 22

Stas DE GRoorr: 1 poll, 1 horse, 1 cow..... CorvELis JANSEN: 1 poll, 1 horse of 3 yrs. 1

cow 1 ditto of 3 yrs. 1 ditto of 2 yrs.... £37.10

4 morgens of land and valley...... + emake 8

Jan Corneuise Zeuw: 1 poll, 2 horses, 2 cows, D sheep,..*.... er Ta re eS | 17 morgens of land and valley, ......... 34

Casprert Jansen : 2 polls, 2 horses, 1 ditto of yr. Meow cis cass. Yet Sa baal Sys O WAOPSONS Ol 1ANG es ica eos Avian ly ae 6

Pretrer Jansen Zeuw: 1] poll, 1 horse, 1 ditto of 2'¥rs. 1 -cowswece (tay fay fi Onrre'K xy : 2 polls, 2 horses, 3 ditto of 3 yrs. 6 cows, 3-ditto of 2 yrs. 3 ditto of 1 yr. £126 12 morgens of land and valley...... osee 24

1 Incorrectly printed, ' Oufie" in Vol : II.

34.

45.

.10

OF KING'S COUNTY. 143

Jan Jansen : 2 polls, 1 cow of 2 yrs. 1 hog. 39.19: Jan JoresE : 1 poll, 2 horses, 5 cows, 3 sheep, Lohogyo ts « ORE. gay. 8 he tab. £80.10 5 morgens of land.......... jada bozo £10 Seo esol! 9U.10

Atrxanper Coqurvertr: 1 poll, 1 horse, 2,

sheep, I hog eaeeras sensor TP) 2 OT L82

2 morgens of Jand........ a ete: Si; VouckEert Diercxse: 2 polls, 3 horses, 1 d° of 3 yrs. 1 ditto of J yr. 5 cows, 4 d° of 3 yrs. 3 ditto of 1 yr. 6 sheep, 2 hogs... £129 25 morgens of land & valley.......... Ae ig ae , ----. 179 Jan ArtaensEn : 1 poll, 3 cows, 1 d° of 3 yrs. 2 d°of 1 yr. 3 hogs, 2 sheep.......... £44 Simorgens of landise.n sf. 8 ke Ue 6 _-_-- 50 ARIE CornELISE VocEL: 2 polls, 3 sheep.... 37.10 Amapor Fourier: 1 poll, 2 horses, 1 ditto of 2 yrs..

2 morgens of Jand........ a ete: Si; VouckEert Diercxse: 2 polls, 3 horses, 1 d° of 3 yrs. 1 ditto of J yr. 5 cows, 4 d° of 3 yrs. 3 ditto of 1 yr. 6 sheep, 2 hogs... £129 25 morgens of land & valley.......... Ae ig ae , ----. 179 Jan ArtaensEn : 1 poll, 3 cows, 1 d° of 3 yrs. 2 d°of 1 yr. 3 hogs, 2 sheep.......... £44 Simorgens of landise.n sf. 8 ke Ue 6 _-_-- 50 ARIE CornELISE VocEL: 2 polls, 3 sheep.... 37.10 Amapor Fourier: 1 poll, 2 horses, 1 ditto of 2 yrs.. Stucatns b Parana arr sew § Seaeeag' oad: 21 moreette of land & Viet. csp age Y Seren LLAECKX : Lpolls.'. sssnnm aerx acted oth 18 JABECQ JANSEN: | poll...... Sf, ckeict oO Daas 18 NELTTIE Jans : 2 Cows, 3sheep....sseecece 11 Jan-Jansen Kurper: 1 poll,...... cee sees 18 Dierck VotckersE: 1 poll, 3 horses, 1 of 2 yrs. 2 of 1 yr. 3 cows, 1 of 3 yrs. 1 of 1 WE GC SUCC eee anes fut lores aust be ECO 36 morgens of fil & SAMS Re Jasece DierckseE: 1 poll, 1 horse, 1.ditto of 3 yrs. 1 cow, 1 sheep, i. .Veweiesasett s£43110 5 mongensof land.<). j. dientées b.00% & io oflO 53.10

144 ASSESSMENT ROLLS

Henprick Barense Smitt: 1 poll, 4 horses, 2 ditto of 3 yrs. 2 ditto of 2 yrs. 6 cows, 4 ditto of 3 yrs. 2 ditto of 2 yrs. 5 ditto

Sf, ckeict oO Daas 18 NELTTIE Jans : 2 Cows, 3sheep....sseecece 11 Jan-Jansen Kurper: 1 poll,...... cee sees 18 Dierck VotckersE: 1 poll, 3 horses, 1 of 2 yrs. 2 of 1 yr. 3 cows, 1 of 3 yrs. 1 of 1 WE GC SUCC eee anes fut lores aust be ECO 36 morgens of fil & SAMS Re Jasece DierckseE: 1 poll, 1 horse, 1.ditto of 3 yrs. 1 cow, 1 sheep, i. .Veweiesasett s£43110 5 mongensof land.<). j. dientées b.00% & io oflO 53.10

144 ASSESSMENT ROLLS

Henprick Barense Smitt: 1 poll, 4 horses, 2 ditto of 3 yrs. 2 ditto of 2 yrs. 6 cows, 4 ditto of 3 yrs. 2 ditto of 2 yrs. 5 ditto

of 1 yri3 hogs, 3 sheep. ...+ ss sisi. L154

20 morgens of land & valley.........-. 40

ee 194 JoserH Harr: 1 poll, 1 COWS, Gor cage aaetes 23 Wittem JacozsE: 1 poll........ ivehanton 18 TuHEuNES GisBeRsE Bocarrtt: 8 morgens of Valley. '..< sit -<cttusl <acpeegted Bs spine Gas 16 The valuation of the Real and personal property in Boswyck amounts to......... £3174.10

--_------ 2

ASSESSMENT OF THE REAL AND PERSONAL PROPERTY OF THE INHABITANTS OF BREUCKLEN, MADE UP ON

THE 20th AUGUST, ANNO. 1675..

Theunes Jansen: 3 polls, 4 horses, 1 ditto of lyr. 2 oxen, 4 cows, 4 ditto of 3yrs.2 | ditto of 2 yrs. 4 ditto of 1 yr. 5 hogs,... £169 23 morgens of Jand and valley, ........ 46

Claes Arense : 3 polls, 1 horse, 4 cows, 1 ditto of 3 yrs. 1 ditto of 2 yrs. 1 ditto of lyr. £94

ASSESSMENT OF THE REAL AND PERSONAL PROPERTY OF THE INHABITANTS OF BREUCKLEN, MADE UP ON

THE 20th AUGUST, ANNO. 1675..

Theunes Jansen: 3 polls, 4 horses, 1 ditto of lyr. 2 oxen, 4 cows, 4 ditto of 3yrs.2 | ditto of 2 yrs. 4 ditto of 1 yr. 5 hogs,... £169 23 morgens of Jand and valley, ........ 46

Claes Arense : 3 polls, 1 horse, 4 cows, 1 ditto of 3 yrs. 1 ditto of 2 yrs. 1 ditto of lyr. £94

14 morgens of land and valley, ........ 28 Mattheis Brouwer: 1 poll, 2 COWS,. . Lo p.es128 13, Morgen"valleyy, 4. es-& Aes Liesieo At 3

lO

Paulus Vander Beecke: 2 polls, 2 horses, 4 cows, 3 ditto of 3 yrs. 1 dittoof1 yr.... £93.10 20 morgens of land and valley, ....... » 40

Jan Pietterse, the Elder: 1 poll, 4 oxen, 6

cows, 3 ditto of 2 yrs. 4 ditto of 1 year, £85.10 16 morgens of land and valley ........ 32

aat

133.10

117.10

OF KING'S COUNTY.

Jan Cornelise Buis: 1 poll, 2 horses, 2 cows, 1 ditto of 2 yr. 1 ditto of 1 yr. 12 sheep Dierck Stoorm: 1 poll, 2 cows, 1 ditto of 3 yrs. 1 hog, ' ie pie es ges Nicklaes Baceors 1 'poll 1 dee 3 dow 3 ditto of 2 yrs. 2 ditto of lyr. 6 hogs,... £61.10 18 morgens of land and valley, ........ 36.

Joost Fransen: 1 poll, 2 horses, 4 cows, 1 ditto of 3 yrs. 3 ditto of 2 yr. : ditto of

Jan Cornelise Buis: 1 poll, 2 horses, 2 cows, 1 ditto of 2 yr. 1 ditto of 1 yr. 12 sheep Dierck Stoorm: 1 poll, 2 cows, 1 ditto of 3 yrs. 1 hog, ' ie pie es ges Nicklaes Baceors 1 'poll 1 dee 3 dow 3 ditto of 2 yrs. 2 ditto of lyr. 6 hogs,... £61.10 18 morgens of land and valley, ........ 36.

Joost Fransen: 1 poll, 2 horses, 4 cows, 1 ditto of 3 yrs. 3 ditto of 2 yr. : ditto of

Be ee eee ese ov Mee care £76.10

10:1 morgens land and-valley'.......... 21

Cornelis Corse Vroom: 1 poll, 2 horses, 1 ditto of 1 year, 3 cows, 2 ditto of 2 years,

1 ditto of 1 year, 4 sheep, 2 hogs ..... £70

22 morgens of land and valley ......... 44

Jan Pietterse Mackelyck :' 1 poll, 4oxen, 4 cows, | ditto of 4 yr? hogs. cx wanes £65.10 12 morgens land'and valley..........4. 24

Dierck-Cornelise Hooglantt : 3 polls, 2 horses, 6 cows, 2 ditto of 2 yrs., 3 ditto of 1 yr., 2 hogs . as patinays Bes, teat ed Load 8 morgens tnt att dia 'Adley Rano a Fe Ss 16

Paulus Mickielse Van der Voortt: 1 poll, 1 horse of 3 yrs., 2 oxen, 3 cows, 1 ditto

OL SyFoe Pith OL 7. Ty eae tee ° £58.10.

10 morgens of land and valley ......... 20

Willem Willemse : 1 poll, 2 horses, 2 oxen, 6 cows, 2 ditto of 2 yrs., 4 ditto of 1 yr., OMT Cr earyee were es Oe a es ors £96 134 sdbkebid of Jand: and tee Wetec mat:

Paulus Mickielse Van der Voortt: 1 poll, 1 horse of 3 yrs., 2 oxen, 3 cows, 1 ditto

OL SyFoe Pith OL 7. Ty eae tee ° £58.10.

10 morgens of land and valley ......... 20

Willem Willemse : 1 poll, 2 horses, 2 oxen, 6 cows, 2 ditto of 2 yrs., 4 ditto of 1 yr., OMT Cr earyee were es Oe a es ors £96 134 sdbkebid of Jand: and tee Wetec mat:

1 Incorrectly printed '' Mackenzjg"' in the second volume.

Vor. IV. 10

97.10

97.10

1l4

135.10

78.10

ASSESSMEN T ROLLS

Dierck Hattum : 1 poll, 2 oxen, 1 cow, 1 ditto

Conradus vander Beeck: 1 poll, 2 oxen, 3

cows.

eeeereeee £45

14 morgens es Bae il Cate es.)

Ackeys Jansen: 1 poll, 1 cow Paulus Dierckse : 2 polls, 2 horses, 2 oxen, 7 cows, 2 ditto of 2 yrs., 5 ditto of 1 ¥r:.

3 hogs ..

; : a ---- 73 | PTT OD Sey ene Cees Coe ae a 12 TUE ee of land and valley ......... 24

.

as 146.10

OF KING'S COUNTY.

Dierck Pauluse: poll, I horse of 3 yr. 3 cows, 4 ditto of 2 yrs. 3 ditto of l-yr.1 hog, Sees Se eee Ue ne CWite wre tee y ADIOS EU 2 morgens of land and aera Srtdawas 24

Weynantt Pietterse : 1 poll, 2 horses, 3 cows, Laditto of Sir. 2d of Tyre. eevee LOS. 10 pynorgentoftland Oke. of Scase.k Hh oy dD

Adam Brouwer : 2 polls, 2 cows, 3 ditto of 3

Dierck Pauluse: poll, I horse of 3 yr. 3 cows, 4 ditto of 2 yrs. 3 ditto of l-yr.1 hog, Sees Se eee Ue ne CWite wre tee y ADIOS EU 2 morgens of land and aera Srtdawas 24

Weynantt Pietterse : 1 poll, 2 horses, 3 cows, Laditto of Sir. 2d of Tyre. eevee LOS. 10 pynorgentoftland Oke. of Scase.k Hh oy dD

Adam Brouwer : 2 polls, 2 cows, 3 ditto of 3

yrs. 3 sheep, 1 hogs. seas 226% Fe cd, B60

ie Mmoreeniol, Valley. % tas. bs tests. ' 3 Johannes Marcuse : 1 poll.vss.....aee ees Euertt Headxickse.: 1 spol s.s9:5 0,5 «ye :a0-< eo

Gerritt Croesen: 1 poll, 2 oxen, 4 cows, 2 ditto of 3 yrs. 3 ditto of 2 yrs. 2 ditto of

a oe NOI ie coe gaty fos. 6 ho wife's. 0:02 rare £71.10 14 morgens land & valley........ Aes: Egbert Steuense: b poll..... pce acne lass . Seimen Aersen: 1 poll, 2 oxen, 3 cows, 2 dittomor Lor. 3 hogs. ..3 css SEEN £51 10 morgens of land: and valley......... 20 Pietter Pietterse : EDOM L HOTS. wre ges acare' ©

Lambert Jansen Dortlantt: 1 poll 4 cows... £38 8 morgens of land and valley......... 16

Jerom de Rappallie : 3 ge ae 1 ditto of Lyre PRorse®, setseces. fesscccae: 882-10 8 morgens of land and valley ieee "Le

Daniel de Rappallie : 1 poll, 1 horse, 1 cow.. Seimen Claessen : 1 poll, 1 Sah 1 cow 1 d° of 3 yrs. 2 hogs::..: ACE ee ic, See OSI 6 morgens of land............ fe ceies eee

Lambert Jansen Dortlantt: 1 poll 4 cows... £38 8 morgens of land and valley......... 16

Jerom de Rappallie : 3 ge ae 1 ditto of Lyre PRorse®, setseces. fesscccae: 882-10 8 morgens of land and valley ieee "Le

Daniel de Rappallie : 1 poll, 1 horse, 1 cow.. Seimen Claessen : 1 poll, 1 Sah 1 cow 1 d° of 3 yrs. 2 hogs::..: ACE ee ic, See OSI 6 morgens of land............ fe ceies eee

Theunes Gisbertse Bogaertt : 3 polls, 4 horses, 1 ditto of 1 yr. 2 oxen, 14 cows, 6 ditto

80.10

72.10

99.

148 ASSESSMENT ROLLS

of 3 yrs. 6 ditto of 2 yrs. 10 ditto of 1

PEP DOGS 6 eden Ce thee arate Yes aah neg teead 40 morgens of land and valley......... yoke x94 Susanne Dubbels: 2:oxen, 5 cows, 3 ditto of eayts., 3 ditto Of A Vise, asites paue meeeeien 4 8 morgen of land and valley.......... 16 sh Faetter Corse: 1 poll... . secs «on eA eats St 18 Hendrick Corse : 2 polls, 2 horses, 2 sheep.. £61 10 morgens of land and valley ,........ 20 a Hendrick Theymese': 1 poll, 1 horse, 3 cows £45 Sinorgens of land + 735% seem 23 ewe 6 Thomes Lamberse : 2 polls, 3 horses, 1 ditto of 1 year, 6 cows, 2 ditto of 3 year, 4 ditto of 2 yrs. 2 ditto of 1 yr. 6 sheep, WPHOS sie ng Bee nee ae eee £129.10 23 morgens land and valley............ 46 ' ------_ 175.10 Jan Gerrittse: 1 poll, 2 horses, 1 ditto of 2 yrs. 3 cows, 1 ditto of 2 yrs. 3ditto of Lyn, 2 shvopwtier steer te oe w es. eee 113 morgens of land and valley ....... . 28 94:

PEP DOGS 6 eden Ce thee arate Yes aah neg teead 40 morgens of land and valley......... yoke x94 Susanne Dubbels: 2:oxen, 5 cows, 3 ditto of eayts., 3 ditto Of A Vise, asites paue meeeeien 4 8 morgen of land and valley.......... 16 sh Faetter Corse: 1 poll... . secs «on eA eats St 18 Hendrick Corse : 2 polls, 2 horses, 2 sheep.. £61 10 morgens of land and valley ,........ 20 a Hendrick Theymese': 1 poll, 1 horse, 3 cows £45 Sinorgens of land + 735% seem 23 ewe 6 Thomes Lamberse : 2 polls, 3 horses, 1 ditto of 1 year, 6 cows, 2 ditto of 3 year, 4 ditto of 2 yrs. 2 ditto of 1 yr. 6 sheep, WPHOS sie ng Bee nee ae eee £129.10 23 morgens land and valley............ 46 ' ------_ 175.10 Jan Gerrittse: 1 poll, 2 horses, 1 ditto of 2 yrs. 3 cows, 1 ditto of 2 yrs. 3ditto of Lyn, 2 shvopwtier steer te oe w es. eee 113 morgens of land and valley ....... . 28 94:

Jean Aersen : 1 poll, 4 horses, 3 cows, 1 ditto of 2 yrs. 2 ditto' of 1 year, 1 hog ...... 87.10 Juffw Potters: 1 horse, 1 ditto of 2 yrs. 4 cows, 1 ditto of 2 yrs. 2 ditto of 1 yr. 2 hogsiz. gags. ee, Cee CHEE nega nee £44.10 18 morgens of land and valley .......... +36 80.10 Dierck Janse Voertman: 1 poll, 2 horses, 3 COWS 45 cece Shel wasn fo game ¢e Shwe FOOT 9 morgens land and valley..........., 18

Jean Aersen : 1 poll, 4 horses, 3 cows, 1 ditto of 2 yrs. 2 ditto' of 1 year, 1 hog ...... 87.10 Juffw Potters: 1 horse, 1 ditto of 2 yrs. 4 cows, 1 ditto of 2 yrs. 2 ditto of 1 yr. 2 hogsiz. gags. ee, Cee CHEE nega nee £44.10 18 morgens of land and valley .......... +36 80.10 Dierck Janse Voertman: 1 poll, 2 horses, 3 COWS 45 cece Shel wasn fo game ¢e Shwe FOOT 9 morgens land and valley..........., 18

eo ------

OF KING's COUNTY.

Maerten Ryerse: 1 poll, 4 horses, 1 ditto of 3 years, 6 cows, 1 ditto of 3 years, 2 ditto of 2 yrs.'1 ditto of 1 yr. 1 hog ....... £115.10 314 morgens of land and valley........ 63

Catherine Jeronimus: 1 ox, 1 cow......... Jabeck Gisbertse : 1 poll, 2 horses, 3 cows, 1 ditto of 3 yrs. 3 ditto of 2 yrs., 1 ditto SURE LO ONOTS fining por 8a 6 2-4 ore Maule £67 8 morgens of land and valley ......... 16

Jan Frederickse : 1 poll, 2 cows, 1 morgen of VMPC cane Se nild Oh telors ole Sate ate thas wn Baerent Hegberttse : 1 poll, 1 cow, 3 ditto of 3 yrs. 1 ditto of 2 years, 2 ditto of 1 VOaL oss ss. yeh A nadtie Bs peal & . £40.10 4 morgen of land and valley..... oe dee

Jan Hansen : 1 poll, 2 horses, 4 cows, 2 ditto of 3 yrs. 2 ditto of 2 yrs. 1 ditto of 1 yr. AOES 62-05 6 Go oe harp vO» 6 aa Slo mpd eee 8OLO

Jan Frederickse : 1 poll, 2 cows, 1 morgen of VMPC cane Se nild Oh telors ole Sate ate thas wn Baerent Hegberttse : 1 poll, 1 cow, 3 ditto of 3 yrs. 1 ditto of 2 years, 2 ditto of 1 VOaL oss ss. yeh A nadtie Bs peal & . £40.10 4 morgen of land and valley..... oe dee

Jan Hansen : 1 poll, 2 horses, 4 cows, 2 ditto of 3 yrs. 2 ditto of 2 yrs. 1 ditto of 1 yr. AOES 62-05 6 Go oe harp vO» 6 aa Slo mpd eee 8OLO

Pietter Jansen: 1 poll, 1 horse, 3 cowS.ee0.. £45 8 morgens of land and valley....... 7a 50

Michil Hansen: 1 poll, 2 horses, 4 cows, 2 ditto of 3 yrs. 2 ditto of 2 yrs....... Sinn Ae 20 morgens of land and valley......... 40

A SO) Cesc ay 056) | AS an Andries Jurianse: 2 polls, 4 horses, 6 cows, 3 ditto of 2 yrs. 1 ditto of I yr. 4 sheep. £124.10

28 morgens of land and valley......... 56 --

Jan Gillese: 1 poll, 1 hog .........0c0 eee

178.10

48.10

180 10

150 ASSESSMENT ROLLS

Joores Jacobse : 3 polls, 5 horses, 1 ditto of 1 yr. 5 cows, 3 ditto of 3 yrs. 2 ditto of 2

yrs. 4 ditto: of 1 yr. 2 hogs... sie M167

40 morgens of land and valley ......... 80

'Total amount of the valuation of the jurisdiction of Bretickeléit, 5...:cts as gece ap eects vases. Oo O.are

28 morgens of land and valley......... 56 --

Jan Gillese: 1 poll, 1 hog .........0c0 eee

178.10

48.10

180 10

150 ASSESSMENT ROLLS

Joores Jacobse : 3 polls, 5 horses, 1 ditto of 1 yr. 5 cows, 3 ditto of 3 yrs. 2 ditto of 2

yrs. 4 ditto: of 1 yr. 2 hogs... sie M167

40 morgens of land and valley ......... 80

'Total amount of the valuation of the jurisdiction of Bretickeléit, 5...:cts as gece ap eects vases. Oo O.are

Se

-- i

ASSESSMENT ROLL OF THE REAL AND PERSONAL PROPERTY OF THE INHABITANTS. OF MIDDELWOUT, MADE UP ON THE 22d AUGUST, ANNO. 1675.

Titus Sirix : 3 polls, 3 horses, 3 ditto of 1 yr 7 cows, 6 ditto of 3 yrs. 4 ditto of 1 yr.

ee

a:

OF KING's COUNTY. 151

Aucke Janse: 1 poll, 2oxen, 4cows, 5 sheep, £52 20 morgens of land and valley......... 40

Barteltt Claesse ; 1 poll, 2 horses, 1 ditto of 2 yrs. 2 cows, 4 ditto of 3 yrs. 2 ditto of

YEP DOS isles os st wee Os oe eee vee LTE

12 morgens of land & valley.....sc.00. 24

4?

152 ASSESSMENT ROLLS

Jabecq Hendrickse : 1 poll, 4 horses, 3 cows, 3 ditto of 2 yrs. 1 ditto of 1 year...... '£90

16 morgens of land & valley.......... « pee Eldertt Luberttse: 1 poll, 3 horses, 4 cows,

2 ROSS; @P« sss <v-hea biel 176

16 morgens of ne & allen Pe SAS » Malescliekore Louis Jansen : 1 poll, ) da Oea. LaFtRGE fod

YEP DOS isles os st wee Os oe eee vee LTE

12 morgens of land & valley.....sc.00. 24

4?

152 ASSESSMENT ROLLS

Jabecq Hendrickse : 1 poll, 4 horses, 3 cows, 3 ditto of 2 yrs. 1 ditto of 1 year...... '£90

16 morgens of land & valley.......... « pee Eldertt Luberttse: 1 poll, 3 horses, 4 cows,

2 ROSS; @P« sss <v-hea biel 176

16 morgens of ne & allen Pe SAS » Malescliekore Louis Jansen : 1 poll, ) da Oea. LaFtRGE fod

Jockem Woutters : 1. poll, 1 horse, 6 cows,

1 ditto of 2 yrs. 1 hog...... seseeeee £63.10

17'morgens of land & valley. ....... sees 34

Minne Johannes : 3 polls, 1 horse, 1 cow... Reyn Aersen : 1 poll, 2 horses, 4 cows, 2 ditto Cie Vrert Cittoror i *yrel- nus... <s . Jan Jansen : 1 poll, 2 horses, 1 ditto of 3 yrs, 2 oxen, 5 cows, 5 ditto of 3 yrs. 2 ditto

Of loyr. 5 HOSS. sa wie ues ae 6644 OER > £118

17 morgens of land and valley. ....... 34

Arie Lambertse: 1 poll; 3 horses, 4 cows, 1° ditto of 3 yrs. 2 ditto of 2 yrs. 1 ditto of

TAY? AOR « oonen's, Dad cakta eau al + £88.10

24 morgens of land & valley...... Heese . 48

Annetie de Bruin : 2 horses, 2 cows.:...... £34 Tmorgens of laha?? 3°. Pe Fee, hhaamsal&

Pietter Loott :.1 poll, 2 horses, 6 cows, 4 ditto of 3 yrs. 2 ditto of 2 yrs. 1 ditto of 1 yr.

Arie Lambertse: 1 poll; 3 horses, 4 cows, 1° ditto of 3 yrs. 2 ditto of 2 yrs. 1 ditto of

TAY? AOR « oonen's, Dad cakta eau al + £88.10

24 morgens of land & valley...... Heese . 48

Annetie de Bruin : 2 horses, 2 cows.:...... £34 Tmorgens of laha?? 3°. Pe Fee, hhaamsal&

Pietter Loott :.1 poll, 2 horses, 6 cows, 4 ditto of 3 yrs. 2 ditto of 2 yrs. 1 ditto of 1 yr.

2vhogaina es os Segeocceds £96.10

16 morgens of Lind & valley. . Povse. OS

Leffertt Pietterse : 1 poll, 2 horses, 2 cows,

"1 ditto of 3 yrs. 1 ditto of 1 yr......... £57.10

17 morgens of land & valley........... °° 34

Jan Jansen Feyn : 1 poll, 2 oxen, 2 cows, 3 'ditto of 2 yrs... ee ee eee

128.1)

FL 1e

47.16

OF KING'S COUNTY.

Willem Jacobse : 2 polls, 2 horses, 1 ditto of 3 yrs. 1 ditto of lyr. 2 oxen, 7 cows, 2 ditto of 2 yrs. 1 ditto of l yr......+. £124.10 24 morgens of land & valley...... age amen &

Jan Auckesgg: 1 poll, 1 horse, 1 cow....... Pietter Guilliamse : 1 poll, 6 oxen, 5 cows, GUIWO OLS VIS. OS NCLS- ss a5 clone c-ca asaie £87 19. morgens of land and valley......... 36

Willem Guilliamse : 1 poll, 2 horses, 3 oxen, 7 cows, 2 ditto of 2 yrs. 3 ditto of l-yr.. £104.10 16 morgens of Jand*& valley........... 32

Panibert danserernd polls «nas. cus-e,8 90's 9 . Jan Streicker: 3 polls, 3. horses, 1 ditto of 1 yr. 12 cows, 2 ditto of 3 yrs. 3 ditto of

Pietter Guilliamse : 1 poll, 6 oxen, 5 cows, GUIWO OLS VIS. OS NCLS- ss a5 clone c-ca asaie £87 19. morgens of land and valley......... 36

Willem Guilliamse : 1 poll, 2 horses, 3 oxen, 7 cows, 2 ditto of 2 yrs. 3 ditto of l-yr.. £104.10 16 morgens of Jand*& valley........... 32

Panibert danserernd polls «nas. cus-e,8 90's 9 . Jan Streicker: 3 polls, 3. horses, 1 ditto of 1 yr. 12 cows, 2 ditto of 3 yrs. 3 ditto of

2 yrs. 5 ditto of 1 yr. 2 hogs......... . £178 30 morgens of land and valley......... 60 Hendrick Streicker : 1 poll, 2 horses....... L£AQ

12 morgens ofdand.t 20 Li B2ett stall = 24

Barentt Barense : 1 DOL. Wioveat tare dorees Cats 5 Arie. Hendrickse: 1 poll, 2 horses of 1 yr. 1 cow, 1 ditto of 2 yrs. 1 ditto of 1 yr.

Arie Andriese : 1 poll, 1 horse, l.cow...... Gerritt Snedegér: 1 poll, 4 horses, 1 ox, 6 cows, 3 ditto of 2 yrs. 2 ditto of 1 yr. 5 hogs.. BORLA, ee Y £117.10 20 rset of set sc valli reek en sour «4

Cornelis Janse Zeuw : 1 poll, 3 horses, 5cows £79 30 morgens of land & valley.......... 60

Caterine Hegemans : 3 polls, 5 horses, 4 oxen, 10 cows, 6 ditto of 3 years, 4 ditto of

2 yrs. 2 ditto of 1 yr. 4 hogs.......... £229

36 morgens of land & valley........... 72

172.10

157.

.10

154 ASSESSMENT ROLLS

Gerritt Snedegér: 1 poll, 4 horses, 1 ox, 6 cows, 3 ditto of 2 yrs. 2 ditto of 1 yr. 5 hogs.. BORLA, ee Y £117.10 20 rset of set sc valli reek en sour «4

Cornelis Janse Zeuw : 1 poll, 3 horses, 5cows £79 30 morgens of land & valley.......... 60

Caterine Hegemans : 3 polls, 5 horses, 4 oxen, 10 cows, 6 ditto of 3 years, 4 ditto of

2 yrs. 2 ditto of 1 yr. 4 hogs.......... £229

36 morgens of land & valley........... 72

172.10

157.

.10

154 ASSESSMENT ROLLS

Hendrick Joorese : 1 poll, 3 horses, 11 cows, 3 ditto of 2 yrs. 5 ditto of lyr...... .. £124 17 morgens of land and valley......... 34

Rhepest yalisen * T POll.......,.<0 eet eeeeee 18 Cornelis Berry : 1 poll, 4 horses, 1° ditto of s 1 yr. 7 cows, 2 ditto of 1 yr. 3 sheep... £108 23 morgens of land & valley........... . 46 Cortielis: Jacobse + 1 Poll, 5.0. n.wa.a << sidan om oe . 18 Hendrick Cornelise Slechtt: 1 poll, 2 cows, ¢1 ditto of 3 yrs. 1 ditto of 1 year, 4 ili £37 .10 PE MOr Zens. Of Lass: ses -cecaesze «ts: cgioqela ere c-4 6 43.10 Jacob Jansen: 1 polliiwis,.'. seman 18 Cornelis Barense : 1 poll 3 horses, 1 "ditto of I yr. 5 cows, 3 ditto of 3 yrs. 2 ditto of 2 yrs. 3iditto of 1 yr. 1 hogins dase bask £104.10 15 morgens of land and valley......... 36 140.10 Jan Sebringh : 2 polls, 4 horses, 1 ox, 6 cows, 2 ditto of 2 yrs. 2 ditto of 1 yr. 4 hogs.. £132 19 morgens of land and valley. :....... 38 eas Piety. 170 Balttes Barense ; 1 poll, 2cows....... 2.08 28 Claes Barense : 1 poll,.1 horse of 3 yrs. 1 cow OU QBWES ait ees acne delet ewes bees 28.10 Stoffel Jansen : 1 poll, 1 horse of 3 pie ? 26

Of Lass: ses -cecaesze «ts: cgioqela ere c-4 6 43.10 Jacob Jansen: 1 polliiwis,.'. seman 18 Cornelis Barense : 1 poll 3 horses, 1 "ditto of I yr. 5 cows, 3 ditto of 3 yrs. 2 ditto of 2 yrs. 3iditto of 1 yr. 1 hogins dase bask £104.10 15 morgens of land and valley......... 36 140.10 Jan Sebringh : 2 polls, 4 horses, 1 ox, 6 cows, 2 ditto of 2 yrs. 2 ditto of 1 yr. 4 hogs.. £132 19 morgens of land and valley. :....... 38 eas Piety. 170 Balttes Barense ; 1 poll, 2cows....... 2.08 28 Claes Barense : 1 poll,.1 horse of 3 yrs. 1 cow OU QBWES ait ees acne delet ewes bees 28.10 Stoffel Jansen : 1 poll, 1 horse of 3 pie ? 26

Total amount of tite valuation of the property - of Middelwout.. s@ee cose eeeeeceee sesea £5079 .10

--S------

OF KING's COUNTY, 155

ASSESSMENT ROLL OF THE REAL AND PERSONAL PRO- PERTY OF THE INHABITANTS OF AMSFORTT, MADE UP 24th AUGUST, 1675.

Gerrit Rienniers : 2 polls, 4 horses, 7 cows, 2 gitto of. 2°yis.. Tditto ol 1 Fre. eve ess £125.10 23 morgens of land and valley ........, 46

Willem Jansen van Berckelo: 1 poll, 1 horse, 1 ditto of 2 yrs: @ows /..00) 05.4 02% 45

156. ASSESSMENT ROLLS

Hendrick Pietterse: 1 poll, 3 horses, 4 cows, 3 ditto of 3 yrs. 2 ditto of 2 yrs. 1 hog.. £92

19 morgens of land and valley ........ ¢ +08 (34 Seimen Jansen: 2 polls, 4 horses, 1 ox, 8 cows, 3 ditto of 3 yrs. 3 ditto of 2 yrs.3 ditto of 1 yr. 6 sheep, 2 hogs ......... £158.10 32 morgens of land and valley......... 64 mn Coert Steuense : 1 poll, 4 horses, 3 oxen, 6 cows, 2 ditto of 3 yrs. 3 ditto of 2 yrs. 3 ditto ORD css el cigs eae: wacky £134 44 morgens of land & valley...... vs Gear OO ----_----_ 222 Pieter Monforth : 1 poll.. ' 18 Jan Kiersen : 2 polls, 2 hones 2 diss of 2 yrs. 4 cows, 4 ditto of 3 yrs. 1 ditto of doy. 4 sheep... 2. 3 hig eee cima vses 005) 31 morgens of land and valley......... - 62 fe Willem Gerritts : 2 polls, 3 horses, 2 ditto of 3 yrs. 1 ditto of 2 yr. 6 cows, 2 ditto of 4 yrs. 3 ditto of 3 yrs. 3 ditto of 2yrs. 2 ditto of 1' Vile 2 ORES nen we «ia wiebie . £157.10 28 morgens of land and valley......... 56 ; 213.

19 morgens of land and valley ........ ¢ +08 (34 Seimen Jansen: 2 polls, 4 horses, 1 ox, 8 cows, 3 ditto of 3 yrs. 3 ditto of 2 yrs.3 ditto of 1 yr. 6 sheep, 2 hogs ......... £158.10 32 morgens of land and valley......... 64 mn Coert Steuense : 1 poll, 4 horses, 3 oxen, 6 cows, 2 ditto of 3 yrs. 3 ditto of 2 yrs. 3 ditto ORD css el cigs eae: wacky £134 44 morgens of land & valley...... vs Gear OO ----_----_ 222 Pieter Monforth : 1 poll.. ' 18 Jan Kiersen : 2 polls, 2 hones 2 diss of 2 yrs. 4 cows, 4 ditto of 3 yrs. 1 ditto of doy. 4 sheep... 2. 3 hig eee cima vses 005) 31 morgens of land and valley......... - 62 fe Willem Gerritts : 2 polls, 3 horses, 2 ditto of 3 yrs. 1 ditto of 2 yr. 6 cows, 2 ditto of 4 yrs. 3 ditto of 3 yrs. 3 ditto of 2yrs. 2 ditto of 1' Vile 2 ORES nen we «ia wiebie . £157.10 28 morgens of land and valley......... 56 ; 213. Dierckie Roeleffse : 1 horse, 2 cows, 1 ditto of: 2-yrsdshog.... «coeem de winsieia 8% olbosi25 1.0 4 morgens of land.......... a Pe ie . 8 | 33. Willem Dauittse: 1 poll, 2 horses, 1 ditto of lyr. 4 cows, 2 ditto of lyr......... £68 12:morgens of land & valley..... Bless 6 24 une Jan Roeleffse : 2 polls, 4 horses, 1 ox, 10 cows, 1 ditto of 3 yrs. 2 ditto of 2 yrs. 2 ditto of 1 yr. 6 sheep, 2 hogs....... - £156.10 '' 52 morgens of land and valley........, 104 260.

Dierckie Roeleffse : 1 horse, 2 cows, 1 ditto of: 2-yrsdshog.... «coeem de winsieia 8% olbosi25 1.0 4 morgens of land.......... a Pe ie . 8 | 33. Willem Dauittse: 1 poll, 2 horses, 1 ditto of lyr. 4 cows, 2 ditto of lyr......... £68 12:morgens of land & valley..... Bless 6 24 une Jan Roeleffse : 2 polls, 4 horses, 1 ox, 10 cows, 1 ditto of 3 yrs. 2 ditto of 2 yrs. 2 ditto of 1 yr. 6 sheep, 2 hogs....... - £156.10 '' 52 morgens of land and valley........, 104 260.

Albertt Alberttse, Jun™: 1 poll, 1 horse, 3

COWS LitOOl 2VESc or oes cca loa 47.

OF KING'S COUNTY.

Jacob and GerrittStreycker : 3 polls, 3 horses 5 cows, 2 ditto of 3 yrs.6 hogs, and 14 morgens)Of land ........6,0.0.0. 008 BYR Pietter Cornelise : 2 malls: 4 horses, 1 ditto of 1 yr. 6 cows, 2 ditto of 3 yrs. 4 ditto of 2 yrs. 3 ditto of d-yr..Qhogs.. oe ee, £141.10 24 morgens of land & valley.......... 48

Jan Theunisse, J poll 1 horse,' ..*.... ee CHO TICR ASSUCIMS | 1 DOU cc cs ce eu uc ee Adanmaniioaise: I-poll. sc. ccae ceases vess Fernandes van Cickel: 1 poll, 2 horses, 3

Luyckes Steuense ; 1 poll, 3 horses, 4 cows 1 dittol ofa tyre est o's Bae De Neto LAL 20 morgens of land & valley Be rote A Ripa LO

Jan Poppen: 1 poll, 2 horses, leow........ Jan Maerttense: 1 poll, 2 horses, 3 cows, 1 ditto ef Qovrs- Q-ditto-of 1: Viseran cts x 6 £62. 10 10 morgens of Jand & valley......... den OD

Jan Theunisse, J poll 1 horse,' ..*.... ee CHO TICR ASSUCIMS | 1 DOU cc cs ce eu uc ee Adanmaniioaise: I-poll. sc. ccae ceases vess Fernandes van Cickel: 1 poll, 2 horses, 3

Luyckes Steuense ; 1 poll, 3 horses, 4 cows 1 dittol ofa tyre est o's Bae De Neto LAL 20 morgens of land & valley Be rote A Ripa LO

Jan Poppen: 1 poll, 2 horses, leow........ Jan Maerttense: 1 poll, 2 horses, 3 cows, 1 ditto ef Qovrs- Q-ditto-of 1: Viseran cts x 6 £62. 10 10 morgens of Jand & valley......... den OD

Claes Pietterse : 2. horses, 1 ox, 4 cows 1 B@ittO;OfeSeYIS WOE. es cae eset. AOR

g morgens. of land... «amens. «bleaeh « wr iilyt

Willem Willemse : 1 poll, 4 horses, 4 cows.. £86

11 morgens of land & valley........... 22 Willem Huycken : 1 poll, 3 COWS. 5.6... ave

Jan Brouwer: 1 ba 1 horse, 1 cow, 1 ditto OfAvyr: é Cet oe Oikos ea eae os Pietter Clacsdehts 2 polls, 4 horses, 1 ditto of 2 yr. 10 cows, 2 ditto of 3-yrs. 3 ditto 2 Vis. 4 sicep, 2 NOs Mewes es eee ane £158 59 morgens of land & valley,.......... 118

189.10

sy

115.10

82.10

36.10

158 ASSESSMENT ROLLS

Gilles Jansen : 2 polls, 2 horses,2 oxen, 3 cows

1 ditto of 1 year 48 ae AF BG: £88 .10 10 morgens of land & valley........... 20 108.10 Ariaen Pietterse ; 1 poll, 2 horses, 2cows... £52 8 morgens of land & valley........... 16 Total amount of the whole property of Amsfort <.qidico, oe he ea aa, Be £4008 .10

Jan Brouwer: 1 ba 1 horse, 1 cow, 1 ditto OfAvyr: é Cet oe Oikos ea eae os Pietter Clacsdehts 2 polls, 4 horses, 1 ditto of 2 yr. 10 cows, 2 ditto of 3-yrs. 3 ditto 2 Vis. 4 sicep, 2 NOs Mewes es eee ane £158 59 morgens of land & valley,.......... 118

189.10

sy

115.10

82.10

36.10

158 ASSESSMENT ROLLS

Gilles Jansen : 2 polls, 2 horses,2 oxen, 3 cows

1 ditto of 1 year 48 ae AF BG: £88 .10 10 morgens of land & valley........... 20 108.10 Ariaen Pietterse ; 1 poll, 2 horses, 2cows... £52 8 morgens of land & valley........... 16 Total amount of the whole property of Amsfort <.qidico, oe he ea aa, Be £4008 .10

ASSESSMENT ROLL OF THE REAL AND° PERSONAL PRO- PERTY OF THE INHABITANTS OF NEW UYTRECHT, MADE UP 24th AUGUST, 1675.

Jan Hansen : 1 poll, 3 horses,,4 cows, 2 ditto

of 2.NrS 1 diliovelsa yrs ee eee £80.10 40 morgens land and valley............ 80 ------ 160.10

Barent Joosten : 1 poll, 3 horses, 1 ditto of 2 yrs. 7 cows, 4 ditto of 2 yrs. 5 ditto of 1

yr. 3 hogs. ere wesioscse rss cated 114 10 Anthony Theunisse: 1 poll, 1 horse-....... 30 Theunes Jansen van Peltt : 2 polls, 4 horses,

A COWS Ss sce tine wt ooo eee £104

32 morgens of land and valley ......... 64 Jacob Bastiaense? Lpoll x .n.cu cs aensih ¢- d% 18 Crein Jansen: 1 poll, 2 horses, 1 ditto of 1 : bare SPP Pa. A) yh a ee £45 12 morgefs of land ....... sis Fa vistdinle di 24 JaliGisberttsce ol noite win. S 18 Jean Van Cleff: 1 poll, 1 horse, 4 cows, 2 ditto OD LWP soo.) eres Mares 9 64s dw age £55 40 morgens of land and valley ........, 80

32 morgens of land and valley ......... 64 Jacob Bastiaense? Lpoll x .n.cu cs aensih ¢- d% 18 Crein Jansen: 1 poll, 2 horses, 1 ditto of 1 : bare SPP Pa. A) yh a ee £45 12 morgefs of land ....... sis Fa vistdinle di 24 JaliGisberttsce ol noite win. S 18 Jean Van Cleff: 1 poll, 1 horse, 4 cows, 2 ditto OD LWP soo.) eres Mares 9 64s dw age £55 40 morgens of land and valley ........, 80

-- + - 135

OF KING's COUNTY. 159

Jan Jansen Van Dyck: 1 poll, 2 horses, 2 COWS, (1 GHPGOL EWP j0 cee cs cena oss, 1 053)10 16 morgena. bf land :, .i5. »sewiae bas loge! 1032

Jan.van Deuenter : 2 polls, 2 horses, 1 ditto of 3 yrs. 3 cows, 1 ditto of 1 yr. 2 hogs. 86.10 Luyckes Mayerse): 1 poll, 2. horses, 1 cow, 4 _. ditto of 3-yrs. 2 ditto of 2 yrs. 3 ee ». "OF 20 morgens of land ' Wet iriete ee ae

160 ASSESSMENT ROLLS

Jan Verckerck : 3 polls, 5 horses, 2 ditto of 1 YC sAGOWS MOUND» 2 ove ce daeesth ded £144 72 morgens of land. and valley ......... 144

Rutger Joostten : 1 poll, 5 horses, 4 cows, 8 ditto of 3 yrs. 2 ditto of 2 yrs. 2 ditto of

1 yr. 13 Sheep, l hog... eater. bee Ls £144.10 72 morgens of land and valley......... 144 Jan Gerrittse : 24 morgens. of Jand ....... 3 Jacob Gerrittse: 24 morgens of land....... Ackeys Jansen: 12 morgens of land ....... Laurens Jansen ; 1 poll, 2 horses, 2 cows.... £52 24 morgens of land -....... Sa 48

Rutger Joostten : 1 poll, 5 horses, 4 cows, 8 ditto of 3 yrs. 2 ditto of 2 yrs. 2 ditto of

1 yr. 13 Sheep, l hog... eater. bee Ls £144.10 72 morgens of land and valley......... 144 Jan Gerrittse : 24 morgens. of Jand ....... 3 Jacob Gerrittse: 24 morgens of land....... Ackeys Jansen: 12 morgens of land ....... Laurens Jansen ; 1 poll, 2 horses, 2 cows.... £52 24 morgens of land -....... Sa 48

Hans Harmense : 1 poll, 3 horses, 5 cows, 3 ditto of 2 yrs. 3 ditto of 1 yr. 5 sheep, 1 HOG ois cove va ete Tee ee eee £94

Arie Willemse : 1 poll, 4 horses, 6 cows.... £96 24 morgens of land and valley

288 .10

Total amount of the entire property of New Uytrecht, £2,852 .10

-- oe

------

VALUATION OF THE FIVE DUTCH TOWNS, IN AUGUST,

1675.

Pounds. sh. . Guild. st. 3,174.10.0, valuation of Boswyck, at

5,204. ; valuation of Breuckelen. 260. 4.

5,079.10.0, valuation of Middelwout 253.19.8 4,008.10.0, valuation of Amsfortt... 200. 8.8

2,852.10.0, valuation of New. Uyech Pes SF OE 1a BIOIS

Total,20,319. valuation of the 5 Towns @ | stiv. per pound. .1015.19,

--e a

------_

1 stiver in the pound . 158.14.8 £13. 4.6

21.13.8 21. 3.4 16.14.

11.17.8

£84.13.2

OF KING's COUNTY. 161

The valuacon of all the five Dutch villages amounts, as you see above, to 2031 pounds Sterl'g, reckoning the county rates at 1 penny in the pound, they amount to 84 pounds 13 shillgs and 2 pence Sterl'g, or in current pay to 1,015 guilders 18 shillgs; property being rated as follows :

--e a

------_

1 stiver in the pound . 158.14.8 £13. 4.6

21.13.8 21. 3.4 16.14.

11.17.8

£84.13.2

OF KING's COUNTY. 161

The valuacon of all the five Dutch villages amounts, as you see above, to 2031 pounds Sterl'g, reckoning the county rates at 1 penny in the pound, they amount to 84 pounds 13 shillgs and 2 pence Sterl'g, or in current pay to 1,015 guilders 18 shillgs; property being rated as follows :

Hachemai @ o.o. sess £18. Hach COw 1@.~ s,cwwiscoes BD.

Each horse @ ....... 12. Each 3 yearold@.... 4.

Each 3 yearold@... 8. lEach2yearold@.... 2.10.

Each 2 yearold@... 5. Each yearling @...... 1.10.

Each yearling @ . Dergs Eaclhos @ ives ds we e's bore

Each ox @ . 6.. Each sheep @........ 8.6 iach moreen of land @ 2 pounds Sterling.

The whole account, errors excepted, most

carefully pennined by Your affectionate servant MICHEL HAINELL Clerk.

Vou. Iv. 11

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STATE

-- PROVINCE OF NEW YorK.

1738.

STATE OF THE PROVINCE OF NEW YORK - 1738. { Council Min; XVII. ]

In Council ; New York 5th Janry 1737.

His Honor (Lt Gov Clark) laid before the Board several 'Queries being Twenty ii number relating to this Province, which were sent to him by the Lords of Trade which having been read were ordered to be entered in the Minnits and are as follow vizt. '

-- PROVINCE OF NEW YorK.

1738.

STATE OF THE PROVINCE OF NEW YORK - 1738. { Council Min; XVII. ]

In Council ; New York 5th Janry 1737.

His Honor (Lt Gov Clark) laid before the Board several 'Queries being Twenty ii number relating to this Province, which were sent to him by the Lords of Trade which having been read were ordered to be entered in the Minnits and are as follow vizt. '

Queries relating to His Majesty's Province of New York.

No1. What is the situation of the Province under your Government, the natttre of the Country soil & Climate, the Latitudes -& Longitudes of the most considerable places in it, or the neighbouring ffrench or Spanish settlements? Have those Latitudes & Longitudes been settled by good observations, or only by common Computations, and from whence are the Longitudes "Computed 2

2. What are the Reputed boundaries, and are any parts thereof Disputed, what parts & by whom 2? ~8. What is the Constitution of the Government ?

4. What is the Trade of the Province, the number of shiping, their tunnage, and the number of sea-fearing men with y® 'yespective Increase or Diminution within ten years past ?

5. What Quantity & sorts of British a. do the 'Inhabitants annually take from hence ?

6. What. Trade 'has the Province under ye Governmt with 'any foreign Plantations or any part of Europe, besides Great

Britain, how is that Trade carried on, what commoditys do the "people under your: 'Government send to, or receive from foreign "plantations ?

What is the Trade of the Province, the number of shiping, their tunnage, and the number of sea-fearing men with y® 'yespective Increase or Diminution within ten years past ?

5. What Quantity & sorts of British a. do the 'Inhabitants annually take from hence ?

6. What. Trade 'has the Province under ye Governmt with 'any foreign Plantations or any part of Europe, besides Great

Britain, how is that Trade carried on, what commoditys do the "people under your: 'Government send to, or receive from foreign "plantations ?

'7. What methods are there used to prevent illegal Trade, and

'are the same effectual ?

166 STATE OF THE

8. What is the Natural produce of the Country staple-Commoditys and Manufactures, and what vallue thereof in sterling money may you annually Export ? ;

9. What mines are there ?

10. What is the number of Inhabitants white and Blacks ?

11. Are the Inhabitants Increased or decreased within the last ten years, how much and for what reasons ?

12. What is the number of the Militia 2

13. What fforts and places of Defence are there within your Government, and in what Condition ?

14. What number of Indians have you and how are they inclined ?

15. What is the strength of the neighbouring Indians 2

16. What is the strength of your neighbouring Europeans ffrench or Spaniards ?

17. What effect have the ffrench or Spanish Settlements on the Continent of America upon His Majesty's plantations, especially on your province ? .

What fforts and places of Defence are there within your Government, and in what Condition ?

14. What number of Indians have you and how are they inclined ?

15. What is the strength of the neighbouring Indians 2

16. What is the strength of your neighbouring Europeans ffrench or Spaniards ?

17. What effect have the ffrench or Spanish Settlements on the Continent of America upon His Majesty's plantations, especially on your province ? .

18. What is the Revenue arising within your Government and how Is it appropriated 2

19. What are the ordinary and extraordinary Expences of your Government ?

20. What are the Establishments civil & military within your Government, and by what authority Do the officers hold their places ? .

And to the End His Honor may be enabled to give their Lordships the greatest satisfaction concerning them and the most certain distinct and perfect answers thereto that possibly can be procured or made. It is Ordered that the two first Queries be sent to Cadwallader Colden Esqt His Majesty's Surveyor General of Land for this Province for him to make an answer thereto and transmit the same to his Honor.

That the 4th 5th 6th 7th gth be sent to the Collector of His Majesty's Customs and that he return an answer thereto.

As to the 10th Query that Orders issue to the Sherriffs of the several Countys within this Province, to transmit a particular and exact account of the number of Inhabitants, both Whites and Blacks in their respective Countys, Distinguishing in

It is Ordered that the two first Queries be sent to Cadwallader Colden Esqt His Majesty's Surveyor General of Land for this Province for him to make an answer thereto and transmit the same to his Honor.

That the 4th 5th 6th 7th gth be sent to the Collector of His Majesty's Customs and that he return an answer thereto.

As to the 10th Query that Orders issue to the Sherriffs of the several Countys within this Province, to transmit a particular and exact account of the number of Inhabitants, both Whites and Blacks in their respective Countys, Distinguishing in

PROVINCE OF NEW-YORK. 167

Columns for that purpose to be made, the number of Whites, Males and Females above and under Ten, and the number of Blacks, Males and Females above and under that age, so that a particular account may appear not only of the whole number of Inhabitants in each respective County, but also of the particular * species or kind of Inhabitants of both Colours and sexes above and under the age aforesaid ; and for their better guidance and direction in the doing thereof, It is Ordered that the Clerk do send to each of the Sherriffs respectively a sample or Form, in which such accounts are so to be taken and made; and that the same may be taken with as much certainty, as the nature of the Thing will possibly admit ; It is Ordered that the Sherriffs of the said several Countys be directed to Issue their Precepts or Summons's to the Constables, or other under officers of the several Towns, Parishes, Districts and Precincts, in each of their respective County's, requiring them to transmit to each of the Sherriffs respectively as soon as conveniently may be a particular account of the number of Inhabitants in manner as aforesaid, in each of their respective Towns parishes precincts or Districts.

Columns for that purpose to be made, the number of Whites, Males and Females above and under Ten, and the number of Blacks, Males and Females above and under that age, so that a particular account may appear not only of the whole number of Inhabitants in each respective County, but also of the particular * species or kind of Inhabitants of both Colours and sexes above and under the age aforesaid ; and for their better guidance and direction in the doing thereof, It is Ordered that the Clerk do send to each of the Sherriffs respectively a sample or Form, in which such accounts are so to be taken and made; and that the same may be taken with as much certainty, as the nature of the Thing will possibly admit ; It is Ordered that the Sherriffs of the said several Countys be directed to Issue their Precepts or Summons's to the Constables, or other under officers of the several Towns, Parishes, Districts and Precincts, in each of their respective County's, requiring them to transmit to each of the Sherriffs respectively as soon as conveniently may be a particular account of the number of Inhabitants in manner as aforesaid, in each of their respective Towns parishes precincts or Districts.

As to the 12t> Quere--That orders be sent to the Collonells of the several Regiments of militia in the several Countys within this province, for them to send a particular account of the number of Men, Horse and ffoot in each of their respective Regimenis.

As to the 12t> Quere--That orders be sent to the Collonells of the several Regiments of militia in the several Countys within this province, for them to send a particular account of the number of Men, Horse and ffoot in each of their respective Regimenis.

As to the 14th 15 16th & 17th Queres Ordered that the same be sent to the Commissioners of Indian affaires for them to return an answer thereto.

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OBSERVATIONS

ON THE

SITUATION, SOIL, CLIMATE WATER COMMUNICATIONS,

BOUNDARIES &c.

PROVINCE OF NEW YORK.

By CapwaLLaperR CoxpeEn Esq. Surveyor General.

1738.

[From a. MS. in the hand writing of the Author.]

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PROVINCE OF NEW YORK. FEB'Y 14t 1737 | 8.

. To the Honourable Grorcr Ciarke Esq Lieutt Gouverneur of the Province of New York &c.

May it please your Honour.

In obedience to your Honour's Order in Council, of the 5th of the last month referring to me the following Queries from the Lords of Trade & Plantations viz--

No. 1. "What is the Scituation of the Province under your cy Se " Government, The Nature of the Country, Soil, & Leds of Frade and ¢ Climate--The Latitude & Longitude of the most Plant:

"considerable places in it, or the neighbouring

"French or Spanish Settlements? Have those Latitudes and "Longitudes been settled by good Observations; or only by "common Computations, and fort whence are the ae computed 2

No. 2. " What are the reputed Boundaries and are any parts "thereof disputed: what parts & by whom ?"

- Tshall, that Answer may be made thereto, mention such particulars as occur to me, from my own knowledge; or the Credible Information of others, on the Subject Matter of their Lordp® Queries, & Class them in the same order observ'd in the Queries.

Have those Latitudes and "Longitudes been settled by good Observations; or only by "common Computations, and fort whence are the ae computed 2

No. 2. " What are the reputed Boundaries and are any parts "thereof disputed: what parts & by whom ?"

- Tshall, that Answer may be made thereto, mention such particulars as occur to me, from my own knowledge; or the Credible Information of others, on the Subject Matter of their Lordp® Queries, & Class them in the same order observ'd in the Queries.

The Scituation of the Province of New York is to the East- Se rametbabpr kt ward of the Provinces of New Jersey & Pensylvania Province of New & of the Indian Countries lyirfg to the Northward

& Westward of Pensylvania ; To the Southward of

Canada and the Indian Countries claimed by the French, & To the Westward of the Colonies of Massathusetts Bay & Connecticut.

The nature of the Country is more uneven, hilly, stony, &

rocky, than that of the Provinces to the Southward pede res of it. In some parts it is mountainous. At about

toltssurface- 40 miles from the City of New York Northward, a Mountains. chain of Mountains' of about 10 miles in Breadth, commoly called the Highlands, cross Hudson's River running

172 STATE OF THE

many miles from the Northeast Southwestward. About 90 miles Northward from New York another body of Mountains rise on the west side of Hudson's River, at about 10 miles from the River, & are commonly called the Kaats kill Mountains or Blew Hills. From these Mountains the most northerly Po conte Branches of Delaware River, some Branches of Susquehana River, and several of Hudson's River take their rise.

toltssurface- 40 miles from the City of New York Northward, a Mountains. chain of Mountains' of about 10 miles in Breadth, commoly called the Highlands, cross Hudson's River running

172 STATE OF THE

many miles from the Northeast Southwestward. About 90 miles Northward from New York another body of Mountains rise on the west side of Hudson's River, at about 10 miles from the River, & are commonly called the Kaats kill Mountains or Blew Hills. From these Mountains the most northerly Po conte Branches of Delaware River, some Branches of Susquehana River, and several of Hudson's River take their rise.

The Southern part of the Country, that is, from the sea on both sides of Hudson's River to within 20 miles of Albany, is generally cover'd with oaks of several sorts, intermixed with Wallnuts, Chesnuts & allmost all sorts of 'Timber, according to the Difference of the Soil in several parts. I have seen in several parts of the Country large quantities of the Larix tree from whence Venice Turpentine is made, about Albany, & as I am inform'd, 4 great way up the Eastern Branch of Hudson's River, the Land.is generally cover'd with Pines of several sorts. The Mohawk's Country or that part of this Province lying on both sides the Western Branch of Hudson's River, is generally cover'd with Beech, Maple & Elm.

The settlements extend in Lenth, from the Ocean northward,

along Hudson's River and the eastern branch of it, Extent of the Se- .t4 about 40 miles to the Northward of Albany, &

I have seen in several parts of the Country large quantities of the Larix tree from whence Venice Turpentine is made, about Albany, & as I am inform'd, 4 great way up the Eastern Branch of Hudson's River, the Land.is generally cover'd with Pines of several sorts. The Mohawk's Country or that part of this Province lying on both sides the Western Branch of Hudson's River, is generally cover'd with Beech, Maple & Elm.

The settlements extend in Lenth, from the Ocean northward,

along Hudson's River and the eastern branch of it, Extent of the Se- .t4 about 40 miles to the Northward of Albany, &

fvestward along the western Branch, to about four score miles west northwest from Albany, so that the settled & improved part of New York extends about 200 miles in Jenth. But there are few settlements any where to the Northward or Westward of Albany at any distance from the Branches of Hud- 'son's River.

In the Mohawks Chantry; the Level of the Land seems to be

at the greatest heigth above the sea: for in that

The timber.

medi part of the Country, at about 50 miles west north mountains above' west from Albany, & 12 miles westfrom the Mohawks River, some Branches of the largest Rivers

-in North America, & iol run contrary courses, take their rise

within 2 or 3 miles of each other, viz 1st a Branch of Hudson's

river, which falls into the sea'near New-York, after having run about 250 miles,

at the greatest heigth above the sea: for in that

The timber.

medi part of the Country, at about 50 miles west north mountains above' west from Albany, & 12 miles westfrom the Mohawks River, some Branches of the largest Rivers

-in North America, & iol run contrary courses, take their rise

within 2 or 3 miles of each other, viz 1st a Branch of Hudson's

river, which falls into the sea'near New-York, after having run about 250 miles,

PROVINCE OF NEW YORK. 173

2, The Oneida River running Northward falls into the Oneida Lake, which empties itself; into the Cadarackui Lake at Oswego: from this Lake the great River St Lawrence takes its rise, which passing Montreal & Quebec empties it self into the Ocean opposite to Newfoundland. 34'y a Branch of Susquehana River, which running Southerly passes through Pensylvania & Maryland, and empties it self into Cheasaspeak Bay in Virginia.

The Province of New York has, for the Conveniency of naaed Lula Commerce, advantages by its Scituation beyond any Rivers & advant- Other Colony in North America For Hudson's River, ints Commerce, LUNDIng through the whole extent of this Province,

affords the inhabitants an easy Transportation of all their Commodities, to & from the City of New York. From the Eastern Branch there is only land Carriage of sixteen miles. to the Wood Creek, or to Lake St Sacrament, both of. which fall into Lake Champlain, from whence Goods are transported by water to Quebec. But the Chief advantages are from the western Branch of Hudson's River. At 50 miles from Albany the Land Carriage from the gibaou nan Mohawks river to a lake from whence the Northern Branch of Susquehana takes its rise, does not exceed 14 miles. Goods may be carried from this lake in Battoes or flatt. bottomed Vessels, through Pennsylvania, to Maryland & Virginia, the current of the river running every where easy, without any cataract in all that large space, In going down this River two large branches of the same River are met, which come from the westward, & issue from the long ridge of mountains, which stretch along behind Pensylvania, Maryland, Virginia & Carolina, commonly call'd the Apalachy Mountains.

Goods may be carried from this lake in Battoes or flatt. bottomed Vessels, through Pennsylvania, to Maryland & Virginia, the current of the river running every where easy, without any cataract in all that large space, In going down this River two large branches of the same River are met, which come from the westward, & issue from the long ridge of mountains, which stretch along behind Pensylvania, Maryland, Virginia & Carolina, commonly call'd the Apalachy Mountains. By either of these Branches Goods may be carried to the Mountain & I am told that the passage through the Mountains to the Branches of the Misissipi which issue from the West side of these Moun- - tains, is neither long nor difficult ; by which means an Inland Navigation may be made to the Bay of Mexico. From the Head of the Mohawks River there is likewise a short land Carriage of four miles only, to a Creek of the The great lakes or Cneida lake, which empties it self into Cadarackui Lake at Oswego : and the Cadarackui Lake, being

Hudson's River.

174 STATE OF THE

. truely an Inland sca, of greater breadth than can be seen by the

eye, communicates with Lake Erie, the Lake of the Hurons, Lake Michigan & the Upper lake, all of them Inland seas, By means of these Lakes, & the Rivers which fall into them, Commerce may be carried from New York, through a vast Tract of Land, more easily than from any other maritime Town in North America.

174 STATE OF THE

. truely an Inland sca, of greater breadth than can be seen by the

eye, communicates with Lake Erie, the Lake of the Hurons, Lake Michigan & the Upper lake, all of them Inland seas, By means of these Lakes, & the Rivers which fall into them, Commerce may be carried from New York, through a vast Tract of Land, more easily than from any other maritime Town in North America.

These advatages I am sensible, cannot be sufficiently understood, without a Map of North America. The best whichI have seen, is Mr. De L'Isle's Map of Louisiana, published in French in the year 1718. For this reason I frequently use the French names of places, that I may be better understood. .

There are great Quantities of Iron oar in several parts of the Province, Large Quantities of Sulphur in the Mohawks Country Salt Springs in the Onondaga Country. Lead oar has likewise been found. in several parts of the Province, but no where as yet sufficient to pay the Expence of working.

The Soil is less uniform, as the Surface is more unequal, than in the more Southern Provinces ; & consequently there is a great variety of soil in several parts of the Province. It is generally proper for most sort of Grain, as wheat, Rye, Barley, Oats, Maiz or Indian Corn & Buckwheat. The wheat of this Province is generally heavier than that of the Provinces more to the Southward & yields a larger quantity & better kind of Flower.

The Soil is less uniform, as the Surface is more unequal, than in the more Southern Provinces ; & consequently there is a great variety of soil in several parts of the Province. It is generally proper for most sort of Grain, as wheat, Rye, Barley, Oats, Maiz or Indian Corn & Buckwheat. The wheat of this Province is generally heavier than that of the Provinces more to the Southward & yields a larger quantity & better kind of Flower.

The soil is likewise more fit for pasturage running naturally, assoon as it is clear'd of the woods into clover and other good grass, & is almost every where intermixed with good meadow. grounds. These in several parts are of a deep rich black mold & have when sufficiently drain'd produced Hemp to great advantage. What I say of Hemp is grounded on what has been done in New Jersey, & tho' the experiment has not been sufficiently tried in this Province, I can see no reason to doubt of the like success.

On many of the Branches of Hudson's River, &- near Albany on Hudson's river it self, there is a kind of soil made by the Rivers & extends about half a mile in breadth along the Rivers. This being made by the soil, which the Rivers let fall is exceed-

Minerals.

Nature of the soil.

PROVINCE OF NEW YORK. 175

ing rich, yields large crops of the best Wheat, and the repeated - overflowings of the Rivers keeps it always in strenth.

On many of the Branches of Hudson's River, &- near Albany on Hudson's river it self, there is a kind of soil made by the Rivers & extends about half a mile in breadth along the Rivers. This being made by the soil, which the Rivers let fall is exceed-

Minerals.

Nature of the soil.

PROVINCE OF NEW YORK. 175

ing rich, yields large crops of the best Wheat, and the repeated - overflowings of the Rivers keeps it always in strenth.

The Soil of the Mohawks Country is in general much richer & stronger, than that of the moreSouthern parts of the Province & exceeds any soil that I ever saw in any part of America. I am told, the same kind of soil extends through the countries of the Oneydoes, Onondagas, Cayugas, & Senekas. This soil, I am persuaded, will produce any thing, that can be produced in a Climate where the Winters are very cold.

The Climate of the Province of New York, confining it to

the present christian Settlements, extends from: the ~ Ginae * "° 40% degree and 30 mint. of Latitude to the 43¢

degree & 30 minutes. It is much colder in Winter than those parts of Europe, which ly under the same parallels of Latitude, The Alerations in the Thermometer, are very considerable, as great perhaps as in any part of the world: but the changes in the Barometer are not so great, the Mercury seldom descending so low as in Brittain. The changes of Heat & Cold pass through all the degrees of the Thermometer. I have observ'd the Cold so great, that the Spirit in Patrick's Thermometer, which is fixed to his portable Barometer, descended the space of 84 Gradations below all the Graduations marked on the Thermometer: at the same time, the Spirit in my Florentine Thermometer was included intirely within the Ball: But so great a degree of Cold happens seldom.

It is much colder in Winter than those parts of Europe, which ly under the same parallels of Latitude, The Alerations in the Thermometer, are very considerable, as great perhaps as in any part of the world: but the changes in the Barometer are not so great, the Mercury seldom descending so low as in Brittain. The changes of Heat & Cold pass through all the degrees of the Thermometer. I have observ'd the Cold so great, that the Spirit in Patrick's Thermometer, which is fixed to his portable Barometer, descended the space of 84 Gradations below all the Graduations marked on the Thermometer: at the same time, the Spirit in my Florentine Thermometer was included intirely within the Ball: But so great a degree of Cold happens seldom. The Peach & Quince trees were in many places killed byit, but the Apple & Pear trees are never hurt by the Cold. Hudson's River, so far as it is fresh ig froze every year, so as to bear Horses & Carriages... The Excesses in Heat & Cold seldom continue a week together, or more than two or three days. The greatest cold isin January, & Heat in July & August. Since the Country has been settled & Clear'd the Seasons are become more moderate.

The spring comes late, itis seldom sensible before April. This it is probable, is occasioned by great quantities of snow to the northward, which every where are cover'd from the Sun by thick Forests, & by melting slowly produces cold northerly winds. The spring being late of consequence is short, the succeeding warm weather produces a quick growth so that the

Since the Country has been settled & Clear'd the Seasons are become more moderate.

The spring comes late, itis seldom sensible before April. This it is probable, is occasioned by great quantities of snow to the northward, which every where are cover'd from the Sun by thick Forests, & by melting slowly produces cold northerly winds. The spring being late of consequence is short, the succeeding warm weather produces a quick growth so that the

176 ATE OF THE:

'face of the country, ina short time, becomes surprisingly changed. In the summer exceeding heavy Dews fall: almost: every night. The wheat harvest is in the beginning of July.

The Fall of the leaf is the most pleasant season in this country. From the beginning of September to December we have moderate weather with a serene sky the Horizon being seldom cover'd with clouds in that time.

dm fede the mow The City of New York is in Latitude... 40.42 Seen Sanaa Longitude. 74.37

Sandy Hook, a Cape in the Ocean at the Entrance into the Bay into which Hudson's River empties itself, Lat.. 40.25

Long 74.37

Albany, the second City in New York & most considerable place for the Fur trade, _ Lat.. 42.48 . Long. 74.24

Ohswego, a Fort on Cadarackuy lake, From whence the Fur trade of Albany is carried on with the Western

Indians, Lat.. 48.35 Long. 76.50 Philadelphia, Lat.. 39.58 -- Long. 75.40: Boston, Lat.. 42.25 Long. 71.28 Quebeck, the Capital of Canada Lat.. 46.45 Long. 69.48) Montreal, the second Town in Canada & nearest New York, Lat. .°45.52 Long. 74.10

Albany, the second City in New York & most considerable place for the Fur trade, _ Lat.. 42.48 . Long. 74.24

Ohswego, a Fort on Cadarackuy lake, From whence the Fur trade of Albany is carried on with the Western

Indians, Lat.. 48.35 Long. 76.50 Philadelphia, Lat.. 39.58 -- Long. 75.40: Boston, Lat.. 42.25 Long. 71.28 Quebeck, the Capital of Canada Lat.. 46.45 Long. 69.48) Montreal, the second Town in Canada & nearest New York, Lat. .°45.52 Long. 74.10

Crown Point, The place where the French have built a Fort, near the South end of Lake Champlain, Lat... 44.10 Long. 74.00 LawindccoapueaLhe Longitude of all these places is computed westward from the Meridian of London. The Latitude & Longitude of New York is from my own obserbien vations, which I am satisfied are near enough the

thas Longitudes & truth for common use, tho not made with such tit det i ia i fal Instruments, care & acuracy as is necessary where

PROVINCE OF NEW YORK. 177

the greatest exactness is requisite. The Longitude is from the Immersions & Emersions of Jupiter's first Satellite, and the Calculations made from Dt Pound's Tables of that Satellite.

The Latitude & Longitude of Boston are from the observations made at Cambridge Colledge in New England, & those of Quebeck from the observations of the French there. Those of the other places are computed from their distance & scituation, with respect to some one or more of these that are determined by Observation.

The Province of New York is bounded, To the southward by the Atlantick Ocean, & runs from Sandy hook, daries of New Youincluding Long Island & Staten Island, up Hudson's River till the 41st degree of North Longitude be compleated, which is about 20 miles above the City of New York, East New Jersey lying for that space on the west side of Hudson's River.

Those of the other places are computed from their distance & scituation, with respect to some one or more of these that are determined by Observation.

The Province of New York is bounded, To the southward by the Atlantick Ocean, & runs from Sandy hook, daries of New Youincluding Long Island & Staten Island, up Hudson's River till the 41st degree of North Longitude be compleated, which is about 20 miles above the City of New York, East New Jersey lying for that space on the west side of Hudson's River. From the 41st degree of Latitude on Hudson's River, it runs northwesterly to 41 degrees & 40 min of Latitude on the most northerly Branch of Delaware River, which falls near Cashiektunk, an Indian Settlement on a Branch of that River eall'd the Fish kill. Thence it runs up that Branch of Delaware River till the 424 degree of Latitude be compleated or to the Beginning of the 434 degree, Pensylvania stretching along the west side of Delaware River, so far northward as to this parallel of Latitude. From the Beginning of the 434 degree New York runs westerly, on a Parallel of Latitude, along the Bounds of Pensylvania to Lake Erie, or so far west as to comprehend the Country of the Five Nations, (the French having by the Treaty of Utricht quitted all claim to these Five Nations) Then it runs along lake Erie, & the streights between Lake Erie & Cadarackuy lake, & along Cadarackuy lake to the east end thereof--From thence it continues to extend easterly along the Bounds of Canada, to the Colony of Massathuset's Bay. Then Southerly along the Boundaries of the Massathuset's Bay, & of the Colony of Connecticut, to the sound between Long Island & thé main, & then easterly along that Sound to the Atlantick Ocean.

From the Beginning of the 434 degree New York runs westerly, on a Parallel of Latitude, along the Bounds of Pensylvania to Lake Erie, or so far west as to comprehend the Country of the Five Nations, (the French having by the Treaty of Utricht quitted all claim to these Five Nations) Then it runs along lake Erie, & the streights between Lake Erie & Cadarackuy lake, & along Cadarackuy lake to the east end thereof--From thence it continues to extend easterly along the Bounds of Canada, to the Colony of Massathuset's Bay. Then Southerly along the Boundaries of the Massathuset's Bay, & of the Colony of Connecticut, to the sound between Long Island & thé main, & then easterly along that Sound to the Atlantick Ocean. The Boundaries between New York Province & the Provinces

VoL. tv. 2

178 STATE OF THE

of New Jersey & Pensylvania, are so well Describ- Where these Boun- 64 in the Grants to the Proprietors of New Jersey

& Pensylvania, that by determining the proper Parallels of Latitude on Hudson & Delaware Rivers, the Boundaries between them may at any time be fixed with sufficient certainty. But as this has not hitherto been actually done, Disputes now in several parts subsist, between the Proprietors of the lands near the line, which is supposed to run between New York & New Jersey, from Hudson's River to Delaware River. And it is probable the like Disputes will happen, between the Inhabitants of the Provinces of New York & Pensylvania, when the lands near the line Dividing them shall be settled.

& Pensylvania, that by determining the proper Parallels of Latitude on Hudson & Delaware Rivers, the Boundaries between them may at any time be fixed with sufficient certainty. But as this has not hitherto been actually done, Disputes now in several parts subsist, between the Proprietors of the lands near the line, which is supposed to run between New York & New Jersey, from Hudson's River to Delaware River. And it is probable the like Disputes will happen, between the Inhabitants of the Provinces of New York & Pensylvania, when the lands near the line Dividing them shall be settled.

The Boundaries Between New York & Connecticut are entirely settled, by agreement between the two Colonies, & by Lines run at about 21 miles from Hudson's River, & running nearly parallel to the general Course of that River. | I know no Regulations for Determining the Boundaries between

New York & Canada. Its probable each will Where these Boun- endeavour to extend themselves as far as they can. The French have lately made a wide step, by building a Fort at Crown Point, which alarm the English Colonies by its being a Pass of great Importance. By this Pass only there is access to Canada from the English Colonies, & from this the French will be able, in War time, to send out parties, to harass & plunder the Colonies of Massathuset's Bay, New York & Connecticut. The building of this Fort deserves the more notice by reason, it isnot at half the Distance from the settlements in New York, that it is from the nearest settlements in Canada. If we are to Judge of the Pretentions of the French, by the maps lately published in France by Publick Authority, they not only claim this part of the Country and the Countries of the Five Nations depending on New York; but likewise a considerable part of what is actually settled by the Inhabitants of New York.

The building of this Fort deserves the more notice by reason, it isnot at half the Distance from the settlements in New York, that it is from the nearest settlements in Canada. If we are to Judge of the Pretentions of the French, by the maps lately published in France by Publick Authority, they not only claim this part of the Country and the Countries of the Five Nations depending on New York; but likewise a considerable part of what is actually settled by the Inhabitants of New York. The English maps are such servile copies of the French that they mark out the Boundaries between the English & French, with the same Disadvantage to the English, that the French do. The Boundaries between Massathuset's Bay & New York is

PROVINCE OF NEW YORK. 179

every where disputed. By the Massathuset's Bay Charter, that Colony is to extend as far west as Connecticut. The Question is whether it shall extend, as far west as to Connecticut, or extend as far west as Connecticut does. The Difference is so considerable, that it takes in near as great a quantity of Land, as' the whole of what is not disputed. It is probable, they may at last make their claim good, by the numerous settlements they ~ have allready & are daily making upon it.

Your Honours knowledge of this Country, will easily discover any Errors I may have committed, & will supply the Defects. I have endeavour'd that what I have wrote may be of use to you, in some maters, wherein you are less conversant, & may assist your memory in others. In hopes that it may & in obedience to your Commands it is submitted by

It is probable, they may at last make their claim good, by the numerous settlements they ~ have allready & are daily making upon it.

Your Honours knowledge of this Country, will easily discover any Errors I may have committed, & will supply the Defects. I have endeavour'd that what I have wrote may be of use to you, in some maters, wherein you are less conversant, & may assist your memory in others. In hopes that it may & in obedience to your Commands it is submitted by

St Your most obedient & most humble servant _ CapwaLLaperR CoLpEN.

180 STATE OF THE

MR. CLARKE'S ANSWERS TO QUERIES OF BOARD OF TRADE 2 JUNE 1738

3. The constitution of the Government is such as his Majesty. by his commission to his Governor directs, whereby the Governour with the Council and Assembly are impowered to »ass laws not repugnant to the laws of England. -

13. In the town of New York is an old fort of very little defence, cannon we have but the carriages are good for little, we have ball but no powder, nor will the board of ordinance send any on pretence that a larg quantity was sent in 1711 for the Canada expedition which is.27 year agoe, much of it has for many years been trodden under foot in the magazine, the barrells having been rotten.

There is a battery which commands the itt of the harbour whereon may be mounted 50 cannon this isnew having been built but three years but it wants finishing.

In the town of New York is an old fort of very little defence, cannon we have but the carriages are good for little, we have ball but no powder, nor will the board of ordinance send any on pretence that a larg quantity was sent in 1711 for the Canada expedition which is.27 year agoe, much of it has for many years been trodden under foot in the magazine, the barrells having been rotten.

There is a battery which commands the itt of the harbour whereon may be mounted 50 cannon this isnew having been built but three years but it wants finishing.

At Albany there is a new stone fort built the same year with the Battery at New York.

And at Schanectady a new fort built at the same time and both are sufficient for those places.

In the Mohocks Country there is an old stockado'd fort of little use now the country there was about being pretty well settled and nigh Schanectady.

I have been trying to prevail with the Seneca's to let us build a fort at Tierandequat in their country which will more effectually secure the fidelity of the six Nations and better preserve the fur Trade, and I hope at last to prevail.

18. We have no revenue established at present.

19. The ordinary and extraordinary expences of the Government are about £4000 a year.

20. We have a Militia in every county for the regulating whereof there is annually past an act of Assembly.

I have been trying to prevail with the Seneca's to let us build a fort at Tierandequat in their country which will more effectually secure the fidelity of the six Nations and better preserve the fur Trade, and I hope at last to prevail.

18. We have no revenue established at present.

19. The ordinary and extraordinary expences of the Government are about £4000 a year.

20. We have a Militia in every county for the regulating whereof there is annually past an act of Assembly.

The people are generally expert in the use of fire arms. All the officers are commissioned by the Governour.

The Mayors and Recorders of the cities of New York and

PROVINCE OF NEW YORK. 381

Albany hold their places by commissions under the seal of the province so do the Sherriffs Corroners and Clerks of the peace.

The Chief Justice is usually appointed at home and by the King's warrant to the Governour he gives him a commission under the seal of the province the second and third Judges have no warrant the Governour appointing them himself under the seal of the province the Attorney General the Surveyor General of the lands and the Secretary or Agent for Indian affairs are appointed as the Chief Justice is by the King's warrant &c.

The Secretary and receiver General have their Commission under the great seal of England.

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PROVINCE OF NEW YORK.

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184 STATE OF THE

A LIST OF THE NUMBER OF INHABITANTS

WHITE AND BLACK ABOVE AND UNDER THE AGE OF TEN YEARS IN THE CITY AND COUNTY OF ALBANY.

Whites males above ten yearS.......escescseceseress 3209 Ditto Fameles 'above ten «..|. «isc he ce wince w les wele shee ee oun

Dtto males under ten........... <ipteteg Gees seomig stekeieas 1463

Dito Fameles under teh 71.9 come t= dete ce te ae oe ore on whe 1384 Totall.of "Wihtite: 23 sae. aecaw o6 eee eee AN 9051 -

Black's males above ten.......eccee cee i Nace Slap ares @ f0,,vieha 714

Dtto Famblesjabovesten >.'.2 GAet icc. cecscsesesevsss: (490 Dtto males Ander tein' S|. hak ols ccc ee «ache wee ten, eee Dito.Fameles uaderitenl cz, . 3 Fisis.c.<-s-ccoissoce-s-onehsiepobaselomaeeal Od

Totall- of Blacks Wet © Po). geese lvcccces ees Sec aiotaeeie 1630

Dito Fameles under teh 71.9 come t= dete ce te ae oe ore on whe 1384 Totall.of "Wihtite: 23 sae. aecaw o6 eee eee AN 9051 -

Black's males above ten.......eccee cee i Nace Slap ares @ f0,,vieha 714

Dtto Famblesjabovesten >.'.2 GAet icc. cecscsesesevsss: (490 Dtto males Ander tein' S|. hak ols ccc ee «ache wee ten, eee Dito.Fameles uaderitenl cz, . 3 Fisis.c.<-s-ccoissoce-s-onehsiepobaselomaeeal Od

Totall- of Blacks Wet © Po). geese lvcccces ees Sec aiotaeeie 1630

The whole No of White & Black above & under ten 10681 'Pr. JOHN LINDESAY, Sheriff

A LIST OF THE NUMBER OF INHABITANTS

BOTH WHITES AND BLACKS MALES AND FEMALES EACH SORT ABOVE AND UNDER THE AGE OF TEN YEARS IN THE COUNTY OF DUTCHESS.

Whites Males above Ten. yearsiald ... 2.3 s... ne. sacs" 940 Whites females above 10 years old.........ceeeeeeees 860 Whites males under 40.325 Sato pnlos fekels s% ove ohn eee i 790 Whité females tindér'Qy.35 6.2. papa mses eene sn taer = -GA6

Total of Whites..... SO ee Sales Se sieses ste - SLO Blacks Males above 10......... 2000 eee. RR See he 161 Blacks femalestaboved@ 2... 62% seme cece ce os cc hcceee 42 Blacks.malées under, ROesan:.. soci Cres oss « « oe 37 Blacks ffemales under 10........... PSN so <M, 22

Total of (BRCKGe oT... caetlnces soon occ 262

The number of the Whole in the county Except the High Lands. 6... Matas os ese clepumennsey at HOBO

PROVINCE OF NEW YORK. 185

A LIST OF THE NUMBER OF INHABITANTS

SO ee Sales Se sieses ste - SLO Blacks Males above 10......... 2000 eee. RR See he 161 Blacks femalestaboved@ 2... 62% seme cece ce os cc hcceee 42 Blacks.malées under, ROesan:.. soci Cres oss « « oe 37 Blacks ffemales under 10........... PSN so <M, 22

Total of (BRCKGe oT... caetlnces soon occ 262

The number of the Whole in the county Except the High Lands. 6... Matas os ese clepumennsey at HOBO

PROVINCE OF NEW YORK. 185

A LIST OF THE NUMBER OF INHABITANTS

BOTH WHITES AND BLACKS MALES AND FEMALES EACH SORT ABOVE AND UNDER THE AGE OF TEN YEARS IN THE COUNTY OF ULSTER ANNO, 1738. sees

Whites Males above ten years Old......e.ceseeeeveese 1175

Whites Females above 10 years..........seeeeceeeeee 1681

Whites) Males finders 10.8. 40. .s%ere Mcle cing detidenecccs | =» D4]

WVehites! Fembhles under 10. ... 60th eet goctidscsecae | 601 DOAN COL WRIES swore kT ee tow) cee eden cece MOUS

Biseks Males above LOis. .. tive ckldos Glee clive. qetdals sé.e ene

Blacks females ahaVe LO... srcsoe aide o'iSnlee Sleeenerwsrevteg | MOBO

Blaekcs pales WEY EO, o oso icag oie Geral ere faite ovetshbve. oleudvenalle. acettu inane

Blaeks Momales UNE 1D... jaroos iotore'o ng wertisfoesiones den! oabhG (BOA 0S eR ERO Kern rn hotare o aumne dphdipi coe mie elvis RIOTS

The number of the whole in the County Except y¢ Dign Lands... Mies. ce sisied erste ets ee es DLT

e@eoe

'

A LIST OF THE NUMBER OF INHABITANTS

ROTH WHITES AND BLACKS MALES AND FEMALES OF EACH SORT ABOVE AND UNDER THE AGE OF TEN YEARS IN THE COUNTY OF ORANGE 1738.

Blaeks Momales UNE 1D... jaroos iotore'o ng wertisfoesiones den! oabhG (BOA 0S eR ERO Kern rn hotare o aumne dphdipi coe mie elvis RIOTS

The number of the whole in the County Except y¢ Dign Lands... Mies. ce sisied erste ets ee es DLT

e@eoe

'

A LIST OF THE NUMBER OF INHABITANTS

ROTH WHITES AND BLACKS MALES AND FEMALES OF EACH SORT ABOVE AND UNDER THE AGE OF TEN YEARS IN THE COUNTY OF ORANGE 1738.

on he =| oO A He ils. la|2 lg./2 [4 2g leh | Es] ss | b au |S BS 3° (88 |ac|se pas | ss) Es | se Ye fovre presincts of Orange) 22 jar | S2)/se8| 8S |/ ae] Oo} sR County : a3 BS a3 aS ge Ag 2k Es See Hp | Sh>1 es] en| SS | Sm Salg® | se lef) fel ag] FP | wg ° | = 5 EP a > Fs A a (2) Orangetown..'...+6+-..- ++e++{ 00238/000231/000113/000108} 00053} 00048] 00022) 00017 Gogharn yc arotas siecslemle' <s\etee « 00319/000249/000183/000191} 00034; 00023) 00007) 60011 Haverstraw ..... seeeescesse| 00205/000176 000144/000072| 00029] 00019) 00005) 00004 Minnisinck ...... 0. vi ps ecerehee -| 00098 000097/000061/000062} 00009} 00005) 00004) 00003 860 753 501 433 125 95) 38 The to- 753 The to- tall of 501 tall of Blacks 433 whites 283

The above isa true acount of the numbers of the Whites and Blacks inthe County of Orange This 20 day of June 1738. W. DUNING, Sheriff.

186 STATE OF THE

on he =| oO A He ils. la|2 lg./2 [4 2g leh | Es] ss | b au |S BS 3° (88 |ac|se pas | ss) Es | se Ye fovre presincts of Orange) 22 jar | S2)/se8| 8S |/ ae] Oo} sR County : a3 BS a3 aS ge Ag 2k Es See Hp | Sh>1 es] en| SS | Sm Salg® | se lef) fel ag] FP | wg ° | = 5 EP a > Fs A a (2) Orangetown..'...+6+-..- ++e++{ 00238/000231/000113/000108} 00053} 00048] 00022) 00017 Gogharn yc arotas siecslemle' <s\etee « 00319/000249/000183/000191} 00034; 00023) 00007) 60011 Haverstraw ..... seeeescesse| 00205/000176 000144/000072| 00029] 00019) 00005) 00004 Minnisinck ...... 0. vi ps ecerehee -| 00098 000097/000061/000062} 00009} 00005) 00004) 00003 860 753 501 433 125 95) 38 The to- 753 The to- tall of 501 tall of Blacks 433 whites 283

The above isa true acount of the numbers of the Whites and Blacks inthe County of Orange This 20 day of June 1738. W. DUNING, Sheriff.

186 STATE OF THE

LIST OF INHABITANTS IN THE COUNTY OF NEW-YORK

1738. ee A 1Bo |S ikaeelee> lage henge Fa |Z.) Beek dinsole® dae ketie City and county of | 32 B =I S 3 3 8 elie eer llics New-York William | oe aol a | Sent> St lodith © 2 ess Cosby Sherifie | 2 Fa i= Ga a a Oa 3 E < em Page am |e ep NS | 2 | 2 |s |S 2 8 nS 4 od a4 ree | St et 22 |B /2 | 2S) e481 el8 Sea E |e a | AR} a la le he ee pee ecpey ee East Ward .....2.0. 558} 610] 246] 229! 2131 203 76) +6 9/794alt719 West Ward .....00% 298) 396) 144) . 136 65 48 7 8 South Ward........ 805 414, 22) NEI 66 96 20 21 Worth Ward, .+.<05 357) 312). 111]. . 168 88 43 AT 38 Dock Ward....... eo 274, 292 161 167} 117 126 36 35 Mountgomry Ward..} 235] 323/ 136 147 60 41 19 14 Bowry Ward....... 150 134 AT 54 44 30 15 10 Harlem Ward...... 76 87 22 26 21 22 9 12 3253) 3568] 1088] 1036 674/ 609 229} 207 3568 609 1088 229 1036 207 8945 total of whites 1719 totall of both.... 9662

1738. ee A 1Bo |S ikaeelee> lage henge Fa |Z.) Beek dinsole® dae ketie City and county of | 32 B =I S 3 3 8 elie eer llics New-York William | oe aol a | Sent> St lodith © 2 ess Cosby Sherifie | 2 Fa i= Ga a a Oa 3 E < em Page am |e ep NS | 2 | 2 |s |S 2 8 nS 4 od a4 ree | St et 22 |B /2 | 2S) e481 el8 Sea E |e a | AR} a la le he ee pee ecpey ee East Ward .....2.0. 558} 610] 246] 229! 2131 203 76) +6 9/794alt719 West Ward .....00% 298) 396) 144) . 136 65 48 7 8 South Ward........ 805 414, 22) NEI 66 96 20 21 Worth Ward, .+.<05 357) 312). 111]. . 168 88 43 AT 38 Dock Ward....... eo 274, 292 161 167} 117 126 36 35 Mountgomry Ward..} 235] 323/ 136 147 60 41 19 14 Bowry Ward....... 150 134 AT 54 44 30 15 10 Harlem Ward...... 76 87 22 26 21 22 9 12 3253) 3568] 1088] 1036 674/ 609 229} 207 3568 609 1088 229 1036 207 8945 total of whites 1719 totall of both.... 9662

Return'd p WILL: COSBY vid: com:

Norr.--There are several errors in the footings of the above which are left uncorrected.-- Ep.

A [IST OF THE NUMBER OF INHABITANTS

BOTH WHITES AND BLACKS MALES AND FEMALES OF EACH SORT ABOVE AND UNDER THE AGE OF TEN YEARS IN KINGS county, 1738.

Return'd p WILL: COSBY vid: com:

Norr.--There are several errors in the footings of the above which are left uncorrected.-- Ep.

A [IST OF THE NUMBER OF INHABITANTS

BOTH WHITES AND BLACKS MALES AND FEMALES OF EACH SORT ABOVE AND UNDER THE AGE OF TEN YEARS IN KINGS county, 1738.

: 3 ad

32] ge/2.heol3e/2_ 2/8. |e

oe | Es | 22/82/22 | 22] 98 | gs | es

the names of the towns a2 ]/">| 74 Br bee || © 5/45) 33

eo lsc |se/23 (88 |22| 43 [<2 | Bs

is |ae |B? / 22/23 | 22 | 25 | 23 | Fz

a talus ai) (CO i eS

= ia HE flatiatids'. $0. .6.28% 000.6 83 76 32 27 19 19 7 5} 268 SBIABVETANA..ceeeeccssees 75 70 22 25 15 16 6 6) 2385 BeBORTANG vases oo seccah 191 196 66 84 74 49 31 30 721 flatbush. ..... 00 cece 148 138 56 64 44 41). 18 81 54.0, New-uytrick. .......... 72) 65 26 32 36 23 17 11; 282 Bushwick... 0.20 ss0cecke 85 86 33 32 22 21 5 18 302 654| 631 235) 264) 210 169 84 101} 2348

Totall of Whites...........- 1784| Total of Blacks...| 564!

--_--_

PETER STRYCKER, JUNR. Sheriff.

PROVINCE OF NEW YORK. 187

A LIST OF THE NUMBER OF INHABITANTS

BOTH WHITES AND BLACKS MALES AND FEMALES EACH SORT ABOVE AND UNDER THE AGE OF TEN YEARS IN QUEENS COUNTY 3 VIZ

Whites males above ten years old........... etaes:s Coop 40d Whites females above ten yearS Old... ccc cece eens eee 2290 Warite- DhAtes MINICed. LOM: s-5 o's ened tees va en vee wether se) LOUD Writes fora lest anger tens. 6 S366 ec (hoe «be eu s asus ee 1656

A LIST OF THE NUMBER OF INHABITANTS

BOTH WHITES AND BLACKS MALES AND FEMALES EACH SORT ABOVE AND UNDER THE AGE OF TEN YEARS IN QUEENS COUNTY 3 VIZ

Whites males above ten years old........... etaes:s Coop 40d Whites females above ten yearS Old... ccc cece eens eee 2290 Warite- DhAtes MINICed. LOM: s-5 o's ened tees va en vee wether se) LOUD Writes fora lest anger tens. 6 S366 ec (hoe «be eu s asus ee 1656

POLI OL EW NEES ts sete se o Bes Po.e0 ena seegcempeanee . 7388 amen smoalesmove' TO 65 0. cs sete. «ds acnuemags Treen heh.

PCM CIn AIS ADOVE-CON cs «cs tle cde coe seuss susvuie «ols s o'er we Dinekeunaiogmmder tens 20 057. Bee koh idaacaesmecescw uw oUt

biaeks females under tén'. 05.30 i. kes Pe 227 Total of Blacks ner se Saitce di stdhe 5. stte ec 1Abs. dco Miateme eiiariie 1311 » the number of the whole in the County ........ «. 8699

-- ye 26 of June 1738 Adm LAWRENCE, Sheriff.

A LIST OF THE NUMBER OF INHABITANTS

BOTH WHITES AND BLACKS MALES AND FEMALES EACH SORT ABOVE AND UNDER THE AGE OF TEN YEARS IN THE COUNTY OF SUFFOLK.

1. Whites males above ten years old .........000.20. 2297 2. Whites females above ten years old..........00026- 2358 3. Whites males under ten....... PUR IO Ore Pees rhs, Sy IRCA PETALS TULL SCL 5 see oR Waren odes o's eee HAS

The totall of whites....... oe ES REP See gr EE 6833 5. blacks males above ten........0. srie ta? batasvendde: %8 tos 393 67 blaéks nmles-under. ten 2. cds she see tccecccssces "BOT 7. blacks males above ten.... .... 00. Te, OR ee ey S.-plack females under ten... f 0 Qs cs eecvenvcov &95 slod8a

Whites males under ten....... PUR IO Ore Pees rhs, Sy IRCA PETALS TULL SCL 5 see oR Waren odes o's eee HAS

The totall of whites....... oe ES REP See gr EE 6833 5. blacks males above ten........0. srie ta? batasvendde: %8 tos 393 67 blaéks nmles-under. ten 2. cds she see tccecccssces "BOT 7. blacks males above ten.... .... 00. Te, OR ee ey S.-plack females under ten... f 0 Qs cs eecvenvcov &95 slod8a

The Totall of blacks 2... 5..8c000 99029000 destac O97

The number of the whole in the county of Suffolk 7923.

188 STATE OF THE.

A LIST OF THE NUMBER OF INHABITANTS

BOTH WHITE AND BLACKS MALES AND FEMALES OF EACH SCRT, ABOVE AND UNDER THE AGE OF TEN YEARS IN THE COUNTY OF RICHMOND

TAKEN IN MARCH 1738.

White Males above 10 years old*.....cccccceccseccete 488 White Females above 10 years old .......... Ritts Ste oe 407, Menite: tales Under: LO'...:ce cms so cient ee re ss Wiite Memales under Ge c05/ca3.5: ets ors We ads cata Fae | $1,266 Total "Of: WHitess strcc <a te «tte ects «tien te i a Black Males above 10 ....... cece cee spdielecess, Pelepant siuyett aad leate Black Fémalés above 10.35... i. cece cena wes Pera Sa my BlackeMales under 10.) : «sss siees «et ackeeek cet ee eee Black Females under 10 ........... ou8:6.00, 60:6 otal tn Se TOAD OLADIOCK so5 5 Co cea k os ce es eee Slaw nic Cade. POLO The Number of the whole in the County &e...... 1889

Ritts Ste oe 407, Menite: tales Under: LO'...:ce cms so cient ee re ss Wiite Memales under Ge c05/ca3.5: ets ors We ads cata Fae | $1,266 Total "Of: WHitess strcc <a te «tte ects «tien te i a Black Males above 10 ....... cece cee spdielecess, Pelepant siuyett aad leate Black Fémalés above 10.35... i. cece cena wes Pera Sa my BlackeMales under 10.) : «sss siees «et ackeeek cet ee eee Black Females under 10 ........... ou8:6.00, 60:6 otal tn Se TOAD OLADIOCK so5 5 Co cea k os ce es eee Slaw nic Cade. POLO The Number of the whole in the County &e...... 1889

PAUL MICHAUX

Sheriff

*,* For the Table showing the total population of the Province in 1738, see Doc. Hist, of N. Y., Vol. I, Art. XXIII.

A LIST OFF ALL THE INHABITANTS:

OFF THE TOWNSHIP OFF FLATTBUSH BOTH OF WHITES AND BLACKS, MALES AND 'FEMALES.

oO oO > He) So > ew 22 gules Eoiathats ge 82 do 32 38 ¢ 3h 3 The names off the masters off the 2 oe a gS ge ae & Be Pe the house or mistresses &c. Hohe tio euete . Bae so aie s . Beg GR BM OU g ela alee : ad 'sk A S) o gS a) eg fi 2 23 = = me ey [oat 5 3 a eet JUS PolhMvs «005 eemese ee «+B <P Mp Vg Liamert bennet. 066068002 0°B-+sg¢-5 F208, Willan: Boerton acne oe oe Tan. Carl"DOeTrom « .42-o2 ea ae a Meme Clee eer tere enn | Isaac shegeman ..5 323 -< su mee arc Ot A oerciere SOWMSION s, .is-5 sc aeee bieer Le a , William bennett........ 1 3 vas Lae

Beg GR BM OU g ela alee : ad 'sk A S) o gS a) eg fi 2 23 = = me ey [oat 5 3 a eet JUS PolhMvs «005 eemese ee «+B <P Mp Vg Liamert bennet. 066068002 0°B-+sg¢-5 F208, Willan: Boerton acne oe oe Tan. Carl"DOeTrom « .42-o2 ea ae a Meme Clee eer tere enn | Isaac shegeman ..5 323 -< su mee arc Ot A oerciere SOWMSION s, .is-5 sc aeee bieer Le a , William bennett........ 1 3 vas Lae

.Adrayonn Hageman..... 3 Martin Simson.....+6..6. <1

under 10 years.

we

PROVINCE OF NEW-YORK. PRLEARO ESS GES oy «ts Ey EA So a a Saag Re Sioa tae 2 Garritt Snedeker ....... 1 8h sl2.4) Hendrick wickhot...... Te tod 1m Oi eds YR Cornelius wickhof ...... 2) Ss os- eURDURY Gums i] Nicklas wickhof ....... we 13 359 5 2 seg Nicklas andrissen,....... PP eT ee es iousneis Corel, 0.5.8. ~2° 87 SWseceeeri 1 Isack Snedeker......... B NY saced Teale. THe, Joreysperbasko, ..3...8, a. OF 2...Q Mga 2} 98 Elbert hegeman,........ a § Doves crag MEUM John Van wicklen,...... 1 en ee SM I Garrit Cosine 0....4...4. 1. de. the nae MPG 59, faqseph, hegemah......8 |G BL .8-.-d++ 0. 9H 0 fen ol: 65 s.08as ve scare TY i]? «ks. Qua, Pio ag iqhn Striker ~-.ses0e 0d o ed EL ~ Boe). EP a | Larance detmas ....... . a A eS ee nada | Penijp Heveman weds. eda. Lo F . Sevag OR ITEM MG John detmas .......... AQ. Bo. Qe. i Peng John uanderuer .8...... 3 = be #; Abragom-lott Sf... ce. ome! BS TE Bae HQ 2 inderdi@eman ..<..8.. flo So; -de- see [QI EHH dus Sedan Bae. . Be Ay 4 3 PS2 1 ARCODISAU AWN ileisic arses.ce, oe Ms 2B vee 2 1 Daniel Ramsonis.. 0. 2B Be ee - DE Pietef Stry kerljun®: ..8. 0 «bh, He es Dee eg 1 Corneallas bennum..... o, he eh eee SBA NT eg | William hogaland....... 3 See aee HOSTS Cattren uanderveer ..... .. .

Qe. i Peng John uanderuer .8...... 3 = be #; Abragom-lott Sf... ce. ome! BS TE Bae HQ 2 inderdi@eman ..<..8.. flo So; -de- see [QI EHH dus Sedan Bae. . Be Ay 4 3 PS2 1 ARCODISAU AWN ileisic arses.ce, oe Ms 2B vee 2 1 Daniel Ramsonis.. 0. 2B Be ee - DE Pietef Stry kerljun®: ..8. 0 «bh, He es Dee eg 1 Corneallas bennum..... o, he eh eee SBA NT eg | William hogaland....... 3 See aee HOSTS Cattren uanderveer ..... .. . Bee art coe CornealasSadam........ 2 .. 4 RP John Sadatn. .4/.. 26... So B, Su. do-sey Reis John Vanderwort ....... 2. 4 Die hae dhe ees SHS

190 STATE OF THE

The names off the masters off the house or mistresses &c.

---- ee ee

Johanas Johnson........ Isaac Okey ......3 ree Born Vande Vandan, .... Dom Antonadus ..:. ... Ad» Hegeman.......... John Waldron,....,..¢. Co!l! Peter Stryker ..... Tryntje [s]olleman...... John Renham ........,. s Joseph Renham ......., John Van Bueren....... Giljan. Cornel. ...5..... Cartryna filkin...4...4. Marten Adriaansz....... Rem Martense :......... Adriaan Martense,...... Phillippus Nagel........ Ari Van der Bilt........ Abraham hegeman...... Cornelius Cornel........ Isaac Leffertze........6.

Jan Van der Bilt....... ' Rem hegeman.......... Peter Leffertz..... bods

Dominicus V D Veer.. 2 Gerrit Van Duyn........

John Verkerck...., alee tes Rolef Verkerck........, Peter Lysteric 0. ek .. & William houerd.........

Josef houerd:. .... 4. 0. de JUS BION oi ead

Whites males above

5 of

ba pa One eee

SRE eee ea a oS; ie ae | 1 1 ] ] 1... ltoggsig, we a Rs 2 4 2 wnbloin asad 1 : Leeaouk mek 1 1 1 2 o Saul. tyeinpyes eqitoly AQ 3.. .0,. ipmie? elinadgl l 0 1 0... 019250 1 0 0 OD. 2...0. "Ote0BEG 0 * £0 Q...0...0sar0od Db 6 1 OT LS uc) ata ] 1] 1 1 ee | | 0 4 [5] 2......1hmayehaulaoan Leaps 0 19 lv eendyntigl 'Sed A eee aoe eee oe ; a Oe ae Iscmnhs ssintg. i tae. 3 Ls "A th Bil 1 2 Seo oat é ] 1 2) Be 4 Od; Dirt Baad ahd te Bases oc, eer Hee F aoe | ee eee ny) Bxiiy oe Le ear De ie be ve larbiong, Ara oe yy 5g Bingq te 6 (Be. hunted} Eviglg 2 B~ 5... 2inviasd. eT, LD 2: . 0% hades 0 0 Tl 1.

"Ote0BEG 0 * £0 Q...0...0sar0od Db 6 1 OT LS uc) ata ] 1] 1 1 ee | | 0 4 [5] 2......1hmayehaulaoan Leaps 0 19 lv eendyntigl 'Sed A eee aoe eee oe ; a Oe ae Iscmnhs ssintg. i tae. 3 Ls "A th Bil 1 2 Seo oat é ] 1 2) Be 4 Od; Dirt Baad ahd te Bases oc, eer Hee F aoe | ee eee ny) Bxiiy oe Le ear De ie be ve larbiong, Ara oe yy 5g Bingq te 6 (Be. hunted} Eviglg 2 B~ 5... 2inviasd. eT, LD 2: . 0% hades 0 0 Tl 1. A, Sapp bitte 1 0 2.,0.. Babak Qr108 15 2+ 1) Shae a 0 0 Oe ti... Dane Ons 0 akg ] ] 1 hising 0 0 90 a 2 ise eran 10202 O18

PROVINCE OF NEW YORK. 191

e n 2 we 3 oOo ua = 2 s ra ms w The names off the masters off the 2 & Tn) Tag apne & 8 2S a house or mistresses &c. a2 58 fo Ze BS &. fo & As apn | tito Sees fo = 'Sgt S oe 5 os a sae he ee a Booge ae § 3¢ 3 34 4 Ee fae pee om Bem 3 Catirin Lots . Ga ..k3 . Gh eae S008 Fie 47h 1erv0 Sarahi Lotid. Ge. iy. 284 2 S1- . Qe. Qe be arit1220 Phomas betts.00..20..62° 8D f 2... Lesayoov0an? brood dco Ramsent)...00..02 02 18 .2.. ... ceOievO? eOitiv0

e n 2 we 3 oOo ua = 2 s ra ms w The names off the masters off the 2 & Tn) Tag apne & 8 2S a house or mistresses &c. a2 58 fo Ze BS &. fo & As apn | tito Sees fo = 'Sgt S oe 5 os a sae he ee a Booge ae § 3¢ 3 34 4 Ee fae pee om Bem 3 Catirin Lots . Ga ..k3 . Gh eae S008 Fie 47h 1erv0 Sarahi Lotid. Ge. iy. 284 2 S1- . Qe. Qe be arit1220 Phomas betts.00..20..62° 8D f 2... Lesayoov0an? brood dco Ramsent)...00..02 02 18 .2.. ... ceOievO? eOitiv0

Robert bets . 6's. so ale 1 1 Q ee 1 0

141. 59 144 66 39 19 44 27

A LIST OFF ALL THE INHABITANTS

OFF THE TOWNSHIP OFF FLATT LANDS, BOTH OF WHITES AND BLACKS, MALES AND FEMALES.

4 : 2

io) 2 A at gy' S82 80s a a The names off the masters off the 3 x ye SR & a @ x s = > 3 houses or mistresses &c. 3 2 g 3 5 Si eS ae ehh: aS ay

Fs| sh Be wis: Aa om ne B mie n a eo =

om wa oe ) mr n> ae a) Be ee oe ee on 3 qae gq 8 ce S38 zg BU sl = 2 isa 5B 6A 5 Johannes Lott. ...0. ws - O03 038 02°01 -02 00° OT '02 Marten Schenck....... - 02 O80 02:-OF UT" 00" 0106

io) 2 A at gy' S82 80s a a The names off the masters off the 3 x ye SR & a @ x s = > 3 houses or mistresses &c. 3 2 g 3 5 Si eS ae ehh: aS ay

Fs| sh Be wis: Aa om ne B mie n a eo =

om wa oe ) mr n> ae a) Be ee oe ee on 3 qae gq 8 ce S38 zg BU sl = 2 isa 5B 6A 5 Johannes Lott. ...0. ws - O03 038 02°01 -02 00° OT '02 Marten Schenck....... - 02 O80 02:-OF UT" 00" 0106

So oO oS (a2) fon) Oo -- -- o oO

hendrick wickof........ 02 00 01 Jacobus Amerman....... 03 00 02 yan AMerman..,...0<s. O04 00 02 pieter nevyus....... 02 G0" 01 pieter Wickof ju'....... 01 O1 O17 ijan Stevensen.......... 04 00 08 wijllem kovwenoven..... 04 O1 04 Steven Schenk.......... 02 00 03 peorret hapsen........... Q1 00. O1 pijeter monfoor......... 02 02 02 wijllem van gelden...... 05 00 03

Se ae SS SS HS SS Sima GC CS oo Ore Cee Te Ot SS So CO KF KF NOH eS OH CO Cao Go Goo Ge >> <> 1S SS WS One: SS Sra eS © Cae ee ee OS SS SS SS oe. SS oo oc 0° =e oOo co So SO Cl GS eal ae aly Fm) oa a OOo DO Oo. a aS oS SS

rary om wow

STATE OF THE

The names off the masters off the house or mistresses &c.

Se ae SS SS HS SS Sima GC CS oo Ore Cee Te Ot SS So CO KF KF NOH eS OH CO Cao Go Goo Ge >> <> 1S SS WS One: SS Sra eS © Cae ee ee OS SS SS SS oe. SS oo oc 0° =e oOo co So SO Cl GS eal ae aly Fm) oa a OOo DO Oo. a aS oS SS

rary om wow

STATE OF THE

The names off the masters off the house or mistresses &c.

Cornelvs van yoorhees... marten Schenck.........

koert van voorhees...... Lvijcas Stevensen....... cornlvs van arsdaJen..... ijan van voorhees..... <5 auken van voorhees..... tevnys rijennesen. rateierersi

cornelys nefevs....

jjzaack van voorhees..... APRIMCIDERSOH oes ores sigse pijeter wy coll. dae cone PISCeP WH COM ess ov arolerorstens abraham westervelt ..... ijohannes van sijggelen .. Han Duleng yey... s.en ijan terhvnen ........ SS wijlhelmus Stothof...... cornelvs Stevensen...... harmanus hoogelant..... roelof van voorhees.....

White males above 10 years.

males under 10 ~ -years.

Whites females above 10 years.

GhewSSintye oe o 2s opie a ao gs BS Si -m. se eo 01 02 00 O01 00 00 02 00 00 00 01 00 00 00 00 00 02 00 O1 00 00 00 00 00 06 03 00 00 O1 00 00 00 00 OO O1 00 00 00 00 00 02 00 00 00 00 02 00 00 00 00 02 O1 00 O1 00 00 01 00 00 00 01 00 00 00 O00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 O00 00 00 0G 00 00 00 O1 01 O1 02 00:02; 002-0 OF 00 00 00 O00 00 01 01 00 00 00 01 00 00 00 00 25 Say rae

GhewSSintye oe o 2s opie a ao gs BS Si -m. se eo 01 02 00 O01 00 00 02 00 00 00 01 00 00 00 00 00 02 00 O1 00 00 00 00 00 06 03 00 00 O1 00 00 00 00 OO O1 00 00 00 00 00 02 00 00 00 00 02 00 00 00 00 02 O1 00 O1 00 00 01 00 00 00 01 00 00 00 O00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 O00 00 00 0G 00 00 00 O1 01 O1 02 00:02; 002-0 OF 00 00 00 O00 00 01 01 00 00 00 01 00 00 00 00 25 Say rae

ee eee eee eeeeeeseCNN""§§'"

PROVINCE OF NEW YORK.

"A LIST OFF 'ALL THE INHABITANTS

OFF THE TOWNSHIP OFF GRAVESEND, BOTH OFF WHITES AND BLACKS, MALES AND FEMALES.

The names off the masters off the BE 3 g &é mo f "ey b & a house or mistresses. ard a © gn 3 & ne = 2 Z Ss GeEIS(SCH .... ste soci « oy 5 oo lee oe Pernaras mOyder..oe.. a om. 1 fT YT "fa Roeloff Ter hunen..... @- 2d DS. Hemant fe Rich4 Stillwell.......... A 10 ~ 2. Ved sicoous Strycker..U...G fl #1 .38..1. 1, 4 Nicklas wilam$ ...43..8° 2 .@ 92,22 Shmuel Hnbbard. @..8° 2, g 2. 1 Jd Gare Jambbertton 8.2.7, @. @ 8. D ssinsad pean Andro Emmans ....... ~ Sh Ale caek. 2 Ree. bq weedaw Emans..... .2. 1 Ls LL. cceepenl des farnandus: U: sicklen.... 3 . 2? meshes pyre Waiddeu Courten..J...0. 1 : ) ree SR gohn Goysd. -. 0°. .ddied. Crain ith oss eadowoneavin Willem bom. ...2...8 °° 4b eT Nicklas Stilwilk...0...0. - treed" Cournelas Strikar....... 1 1 a ae Iboworicds: = ..0...8 Sal 2 =F = 1. hares, ek Hlizabeth@ricgs. <0. ..8. 9G. oB. 1 et, we qsotkedatuns Mlassiubbardh its .d. «23 fle Ll 4 ve oneener d Garret Dorland....... aay Ee «FARO AR TPC aad es eee a farnandus.

D ssinsad pean Andro Emmans ....... ~ Sh Ale caek. 2 Ree. bq weedaw Emans..... .2. 1 Ls LL. cceepenl des farnandus: U: sicklen.... 3 . 2? meshes pyre Waiddeu Courten..J...0. 1 : ) ree SR gohn Goysd. -. 0°. .ddied. Crain ith oss eadowoneavin Willem bom. ...2...8 °° 4b eT Nicklas Stilwilk...0...0. - treed" Cournelas Strikar....... 1 1 a ae Iboworicds: = ..0...8 Sal 2 =F = 1. hares, ek Hlizabeth@ricgs. <0. ..8. 9G. oB. 1 et, we qsotkedatuns Mlassiubbardh its .d. «23 fle Ll 4 ve oneener d Garret Dorland....... aay Ee «FARO AR TPC aad es eee a farnandus. V Sicklen.... 3 3 2-1 #1 1 Jacobs Binand...0.¢.3.---5 12 8% 2 sewrante ane Barntijon@ou.d...4...8 Gb gf 2. 1 oe awaits Daniél Lake .0)..0...4.812 $8 1.2 ysohs Dd Sohn Rid' :..0...0...g- 8 23 4 J Mourten Vi forés..0...g. @ 1 2 4 A 1 Peter' Willamsén..c...¢. §2 « (1 4 Bhebs VaR Clift ..4...8 Gd@.@d 1 °.. Pohn Van @lift?,..0.:.1.- 02 53 °2, 4 : 61 $1 60..36r) 1b 04 [7

VoL. Iv.

13.

under 10 years.

° pate

194 STATE OF THE

A LIST OFF ALL THE INHABITANTS

OFF THE TOWNSHIP OFF NEWUTRECHT, BOTH OFF WHITES AND BLACKS, MALES AND FEMALES.

cor Fo Ee Rouk

Be! Xa gi 5, catoveuales wlossery

ga ¢2 85 te 88 8 ah

ee ee ee Samuel Groenen Dyck... 5 2 1 2 1 4 «1 Cornelis Van brunt...... 29 A.. 3... 0. chow grijete bant ..... ee. eee. 1. 0. Ba. 0... ues ee rubecha cemans ......++ 2 © 3..-0... Sitatly a2 Sarels berrij ..4...4-..5 Los. 2.2. DOddi4 119 yoost van brunt ........ L Dy "dy. Oweteeoddial 3 elisabet gewout........- Da Ds. glee» shes. OPSHOU TD myndert ijansen-......-. 1 i Ay RO; . OnuOR 20 henderick ijaensen...... 5 0 2 0 1 90 1 rutgert van brunt.......

ee ee ee Samuel Groenen Dyck... 5 2 1 2 1 4 «1 Cornelis Van brunt...... 29 A.. 3... 0. chow grijete bant ..... ee. eee. 1. 0. Ba. 0... ues ee rubecha cemans ......++ 2 © 3..-0... Sitatly a2 Sarels berrij ..4...4-..5 Los. 2.2. DOddi4 119 yoost van brunt ........ L Dy "dy. Oweteeoddial 3 elisabet gewout........- Da Ds. glee» shes. OPSHOU TD myndert ijansen-......-. 1 i Ay RO; . OnuOR 20 henderick ijaensen...... 5 0 2 0 1 90 1 rutgert van brunt....... S Be esa. Qi edword drynewater...... 1 By aks snkys 20, .08te aert van Pelt.........+. 2 10 wOee sO, sah, [O50 pl albert: koerte....c+ess0- 2 10 3s..0.. dligOi od jjan van:pelt. 4:..22..%.. 2 4h 9.2.53. witiniangd pijeter kartelijou........ 1) {0 03s us0). 2s -eOatael ailte karteloijou....... na O Bin ed. het ial Jaques DenyeS.... +++. 2 ED BS Si a ADO F2 William Barkelo....... 2 QDs =n 0. sD SyL & William Ver Done' ?.:.2. °2 3 <P) Ottae 'VOenhd Thomas Stillwell........ 4 % .4,..0...0cn00T 30 John piterse......++- i, _B- £02 tool. . Lanes Thomas Van Dick ...... 2° SN 1.....0., Cree Cherck Van Dick .2...¢.° "3 % .5...0.. 0. ,-@ihi0 gerret Van Dyck......-. 1 © . 1... 0. et TF od hendrik Suydam..%...:. -2 A -L...d..mbemOiW1 Rutgert Van Brunt...... 2 2 3 1.3 2 3 Joseph Ditmars.'......5. "1 0 --1...0...0790 nn0 ynachijel vandervers...05 :1 (52 2 2 0 0 O

under 10 years.

cowNwnsoocoow~roocooorFrF OorFocONerFrSer:S

PROVINCE OF NEW YORK. 195

oO So o Oo b me ret > 3 a 3 a a 4 & s 5 cre < & a SE seo Gh Be sk g am &§ The names of the master of the ao &¢ Bs Rogstad St: Bese of) house or mistresses &c. A= ba e Pe Mote Ho SES ee eee ce eS Be =| 2, ae eS oO a © 2 i) pee a ae g a So, ea Pen cae e oe 5 & 3 gerrijt van duijn........

oO So o Oo b me ret > 3 a 3 a a 4 & s 5 cre < & a SE seo Gh Be sk g am &§ The names of the master of the ao &¢ Bs Rogstad St: Bese of) house or mistresses &c. A= ba e Pe Mote Ho SES ee eee ce eS Be =| 2, ae eS oO a © 2 i) pee a ae g a So, ea Pen cae e oe 5 & 3 gerrijt van duijn........ Ek & L.sdp, Bia s0ii 0 marija van nuijs........ 0. OF &. .0:. saasOF ee'. ouken van nuijs ........ i D> © 4... dacs OnE Beh 0 ijacobus van nilijs. 4... 2 DO 1..0:..0. Wiss g@ Wyllem van nuijs....... 3 &-~ 2.2.0... 0m sONe Greed ijan van dijck .........3 tO OO, 0). .0::,. Oct Onad 64 34 67 20 36 11 22 15

A LIST OF ALL THE INHABITANTS

OFF THE TOWNSHIP OFF BROOKLAND, BOTH OFF WHITES, AND BLACKS, MALES AND FEMALES WC.

The names of ye masters of the house or mistresses dc.

White males above 10 years. White males under 10° years. above ten years. White females under 10 years.

10 years.

10 years.

White females

Jeronymus Rapalje..... % George Rapalje......... Isaac Johnson.......... Jacob' Ryerson ¥....%..<% Hans 'Bergen yereves..<.% JACODRBErSEN. Vic Poesia «|e Jeremias Remsen ....... Gizbart Bogaert ....... ' Gizbart Bogaert Jun™.... Cornelius Bogard ....... Nicasius Couwenhoven .. Marten Vanderhoeven...

m We WwOHe DDH = DW YE

Se es

We WH ww WW Ow DY w FPorPWNohRH OoOWMHHS

White males above 10 years. White males under 10° years. above ten years. White females under 10 years.

10 years.

10 years.

White females

Jeronymus Rapalje..... % George Rapalje......... Isaac Johnson.......... Jacob' Ryerson ¥....%..<% Hans 'Bergen yereves..<.% JACODRBErSEN. Vic Poesia «|e Jeremias Remsen ....... Gizbart Bogaert ....... ' Gizbart Bogaert Jun™.... Cornelius Bogard ....... Nicasius Couwenhoven .. Marten Vanderhoeven...

m We WwOHe DDH = DW YE

Se es

We WH ww WW Ow DY w FPorPWNohRH OoOWMHHS

ee ee, ee tS Blacks males above ee ee es a cs ye | nals 1 pee. Sooo co S = om © ww w/! Black females above See OOF OO OO OS w|under 10 years.

196 STATE OF THE

The names of ye masters of the house or mistresses d&e.

White mvles above 10 years

White males under 10 years.

White females

above 10 years.

White females under 10 years.

Black males above

10 years.

under 10 years.

Black female above 10 years

under 10years.

a ,

Gerrit Adriaanse ......; Nicholas Vechten ....... Fredrick Blaeuw........

John Blaeuw: oh .e dh ow he

Juryen Blacuw ....5...- Peter StactS...5...s0e.

Aovian Bennetess «aes « of Cornelius' Van Duyn, .... Johannes Holst... . 240. John Bennet ...... Ae

Jacob Bennety so keane aes Thomas Van Dyck, ..... Samuel Stellingwerg..... Simon-D* Fant: 29.%..4%« Wouter Van Pelt... ..s Joseph Hegeman.... ... Hendrick Van Dyck,.... Elizabeth Garner .......

George Remsen. . A %. oe

Rem Remsen. 6... a... Tsaac Sebering.... Aeltje Sebérings... 1... § Israell Horsfield........ John Thompson........

Mally Burwouter..... a8 Theophilus Elsworth.... Petrus Ewetse ........4

Juryen Blacuw ....5...- Peter StactS...5...s0e.

Aovian Bennetess «aes « of Cornelius' Van Duyn, .... Johannes Holst... . 240. John Bennet ...... Ae

Jacob Bennety so keane aes Thomas Van Dyck, ..... Samuel Stellingwerg..... Simon-D* Fant: 29.%..4%« Wouter Van Pelt... ..s Joseph Hegeman.... ... Hendrick Van Dyck,.... Elizabeth Garner .......

George Remsen. . A %. oe

Rem Remsen. 6... a... Tsaac Sebering.... Aeltje Sebérings... 1... § Israell Horsfield........ John Thompson........

Mally Burwouter..... a8 Theophilus Elsworth.... Petrus Ewetse ........4

gohn Bhyn?... 85..0.. .$ G@abriail Céx 20.0.8... John Rapalje .:.. 04... Thomas Browne........ Billy Nicbin .. (0... 2.4

Hep OVE ROH Oddo mwoHoHe A WEY WD Ow Pm

Pe SPM ea i Soom MEW oOS OSC OO NOSSO OCH SOMO

dt nt pet BD RO Et et tt 89 AD WO EE et 0 09 CD OF WD SH 1 09 09 00 EO et ee DD

BrP WOoRHr NRF OCONWSCHF KF OH ON ON H HF OH OH ODMH HLOWwH

SeSHDHFOOWSOSCORP HP HH OW H Hr WODC OC OH OK oo CotC Oo

Serv oorForqcoorFWNOCOFF CNT C COCO OrFD oO oOo SO

PROVINCE OF NEW-YORK. 197

ars.

Black males above 10 years

The names of ye masters of the . house or mistresses &c.

White males above 10 years White males under 10 years. above 10 years White females unde 10 years. Black males under 10. years.

White females

--_

Daniell Bontecoue ...... Aert Middagh ......... Breghje Giiciff ...8...%. Hendrick Stryker ...... Cornelius filkin ........ Aeltje Provoost ..i...¢. John Middagh ........: Christopher Codwise.... 1 Cornelius Ewetsé.......

Serv oorForqcoorFWNOCOFF CNT C COCO OrFD oO oOo SO

PROVINCE OF NEW-YORK. 197

ars.

Black males above 10 years

The names of ye masters of the . house or mistresses &c.

White males above 10 years White males under 10 years. above 10 years White females unde 10 years. Black males under 10. years.

White females

--_

Daniell Bontecoue ...... Aert Middagh ......... Breghje Giiciff ...8...%. Hendrick Stryker ...... Cornelius filkin ........ Aeltje Provoost ..i...¢. John Middagh ........: Christopher Codwise.... 1 Cornelius Ewetsé.......

John Ewetse......66.e0. James Harding.......... Jacob Deklyn...... scat Rem Remsen.....6...6. Everardus Brouwer.. ... Johannes Johnson...... ' Albertje Johnson ......0. GeorverLerrewrent 2.5 oss Jacob Hanse Bergen..... Cornelius Webbers...... TsadelGrawi.... --.< ' Joost D'Beavois..... Sete Jacobus Beavois......... John Ellen. : caesar. veers Hans -Berpetiwent.. «.. << Jacobus Vandewater..... Benjamin,V. D. Water... Styntje Vander Voort.... Lambert Andriesen...... Jacobus Leffertze........ George Rapalje......... aveR BLOW 60 ict: 0-0, « vee Rem V. D. Beeck.......

CorPNWHKY OCOWOC Ww

HMowp ae ese wptdHeerKwponr

=~

merwoooooseooo Soo OF OOOH CC COC OC OC OC OO Om kK mnder 10 years. "Soo ooeoeooooeososeooo So OoOew OH COCO ODO OOO COC So under 10 years

WHO MMOS AerHKSCSCOCHNNYTWC SHO SHDWSNYHSH OHO SO TP WWW HOH HOH ANNHDH HOH OCH HK DWaAWDWHE TAHDWeE we LD SB&oOr SOCOSCOH OH COOH SOOO WO HMO OM HM HONS

SSP Seocotise ess ooScoS HOM SC ORMHE COM HOS

=WOsoSSDSCNOCCOHFH CO WPO OW we

WWW HWW YM «eg RH ww WH

198 STATE OF THE

Black females above

e

The names of ye masters of the house or mistresses &¢

"Soo ooeoeooooeososeooo So OoOew OH COCO ODO OOO COC So under 10 years

WHO MMOS AerHKSCSCOCHNNYTWC SHO SHDWSNYHSH OHO SO TP WWW HOH HOH ANNHDH HOH OCH HK DWaAWDWHE TAHDWeE we LD SB&oOr SOCOSCOH OH COOH SOOO WO HMO OM HM HONS

SSP Seocotise ess ooScoS HOM SC ORMHE COM HOS

=WOsoSSDSCNOCCOHFH CO WPO OW we

WWW HWW YM «eg RH ww WH

198 STATE OF THE

Black females above

e

The names of ye masters of the house or mistresses &¢

White males abov 10 years White males under 10 years White females above 10 years White females under 10 years Black males above 10 years 10 years

John' Dorland+........ hs Hendrick Suydam....... Cornelius V. D. hoven... Cornelius V. D. hoeven Ju'. Peter' V. DAVoortee. se Paultis VoD. Voorts. «oe.

John :V.. D. Voort .....¢ A

John Van Noortstrant.... Dirck Rapalji.?. ose. 2.8. Sara Rapalje. 5... .66068. Jacob Cossauw.. ..c. cece KeaacyRemsen yy 6A os Jacob Durrie..3.5 6 ke sats

Mathys Van Dyck....... Abraham Brewer........ Juryen Brewer........05

me 9 wo WP Qt HW AH woe w HY

we woMe wWoorKFopwndcwe

wownmnnwnnrw WPNorr WP THK eee WHY

wwnnenwnrcocoownrwnwnwneosdcr»

SCOrFrF CO OOo OF OSD COO Co CO oo | under 10 years OrMrPreroror ota oordce

Socorooscoo oN SC OF OF OS | under 10 years

eee

199 81175 92 69. 23 43 23

A LIST OFF ALL- THE INHABITANTS

OFF THE TOWNSHIP OFF BUSHWYCK, BOTH OF WHITES AND BLACKS, MALES AND FEMALES.

oD oO o

= > e

° ° °

me 9 wo WP Qt HW AH woe w HY

we woMe wWoorKFopwndcwe

wownmnnwnnrw WPNorr WP THK eee WHY

wwnnenwnrcocoownrwnwnwneosdcr»

SCOrFrF CO OOo OF OSD COO Co CO oo | under 10 years OrMrPreroror ota oordce

Socorooscoo oN SC OF OF OS | under 10 years

eee

199 81175 92 69. 23 43 23

A LIST OFF ALL- THE INHABITANTS

OFF THE TOWNSHIP OFF BUSHWYCK, BOTH OF WHITES AND BLACKS, MALES AND FEMALES.

oD oO o

= > e

° ° °

ci p n & : 2 3 n ne ic) m

: 38 @ a> gg @¢..4¢--88 6 Thenames of the masters of the @h % #2 hm Rh BR Be Bf house or mistress &¢ Ao. & Se S ppheuhe Fhe es Sn | 8 eo ee eas a @ 8'3,. 3. /Sohidte.! Siloos 5. EO eee eee Johannes Schenck. .....«. 1 00 08) = 00 ne 22100 David Sprongh......... 38 1- 3 00 00 .00;,00 00

PROVINCE OF NEW YORK 199

5 g e - rit 2 2

eee kee oe E MarijtieSehenck.. 4.20... UM 3 00 + ss PCr Peg Oey by Jannitie Van Ende...... 6 ¢ 1-00 +4) OOF &°P?*00 Symon Dorjion ....K. S39 O04 Vos: - QUOI 0 Charel Dorijie!..+...i.. DEVAL 26 Qrists 1 OSM MND Ska OU folkert folkertse......... Lod T: 4.72200 + +1- 000000 Necklaas folkertse...... 1 00 -4.00-°1~00- 00°00 Jacobus @ozyh .. dt... 2. 2 00) & 3 OO = 8° G0 100 Picter Pon. o.oo. se. Ain wee eet OO: 7 b.A008 00 Geertruy Wortman..... 2 02 1 00.00 00. 00 00 Abraham Coeck........ cei Pore 0000 007-00 POOSLO OUI 6 Mone. ss sary 1 .00 1 00 00 00 00 00 FAacoO PICtersOs.. ak Sete 277007 2 2. 00> 00-00) 00 Arent Stockholum....... 2 POO S0-5,00) 1,00. 00-00 Daniel bodet........... ory (QoTyl , 1. 00° 00 - 00 Jurijen Nagel........ aorta To YOO 0a2n 20072 ket 1-2. 00 Hendrick Vande Wt.... 1 3 #1 00 00.00 00 00 femmetie anders........ 2 00 2 00 00° 00 00 00 abraham Liquir. ....... 4 00 4 2 00 00 00 00 Tryntie Calijer..... thaws hk 00° 2 00) «6002700? 200/00 Jacobus Calijer......... 00° "1; 1 007100 200000 Pieter Wit. ai2% 31) 2 gaia.

Ain wee eet OO: 7 b.A008 00 Geertruy Wortman..... 2 02 1 00.00 00. 00 00 Abraham Coeck........ cei Pore 0000 007-00 POOSLO OUI 6 Mone. ss sary 1 .00 1 00 00 00 00 00 FAacoO PICtersOs.. ak Sete 277007 2 2. 00> 00-00) 00 Arent Stockholum....... 2 POO S0-5,00) 1,00. 00-00 Daniel bodet........... ory (QoTyl , 1. 00° 00 - 00 Jurijen Nagel........ aorta To YOO 0a2n 20072 ket 1-2. 00 Hendrick Vande Wt.... 1 3 #1 00 00.00 00 00 femmetie anders........ 2 00 2 00 00° 00 00 00 abraham Liquir. ....... 4 00 4 2 00 00 00 00 Tryntie Calijer..... thaws hk 00° 2 00) «6002700? 200/00 Jacobus Calijer......... 00° "1; 1 007100 200000 Pieter Wit. ai2% 31) 2 gaia. To 4 is. Oc. 4ki00 Johannis pietersi, sié{lew2 1 00 2 00 00 00 00 00 David" Cata:c. 0c.» stiles . 1 00° 2 8 00°00 00 00 Alexander berd....... a uit 00) "2°00 . Twalk Daddo) Pieter praa.... +... idee adi 00 "1° 00 ~ strom Disia00 Derck Wortman...qieg cei? 00° 1 00 Brwoki. eBoway frang Tijius\.. aoduet te sae 1 12 Bulo00) Isauiao Thomas fardoniwiid avo 6 00 2 2 e400) 202 Jams Bobijn?.....coolé lod 00 "1) 00 EgdubyY lavat Andris Stockholum...... er 2 3°) 1 10098000100 Johannis Calijer......... 3 00 4 1 00 00 00 00 Jacobus Calijer......... 2 00 3 00 00 00 00 00

200 STATE OF THE

3 aA n g n 5 e , nm Ei wn

Twalk Daddo) Pieter praa.... +... idee adi 00 "1° 00 ~ strom Disia00 Derck Wortman...qieg cei? 00° 1 00 Brwoki. eBoway frang Tijius\.. aoduet te sae 1 12 Bulo00) Isauiao Thomas fardoniwiid avo 6 00 2 2 e400) 202 Jams Bobijn?.....coolé lod 00 "1) 00 EgdubyY lavat Andris Stockholum...... er 2 3°) 1 10098000100 Johannis Calijer......... 3 00 4 1 00 00 00 00 Jacobus Calijer......... 2 00 3 00 00 00 00 00

200 STATE OF THE

3 aA n g n 5 e , nm Ei wn

The names of the masteis of the gE ge gaa g 2 & zg 2a house or mistress &c. SOs aS Uipeaie 2 'a aS

| Sole ye Sree eee SG

3) 22 ae ee

ee ee ee

Johannis, boechout....«.. . 3 00 5 1 <4. 00 60,00 tuenes Rapellie......48. 1 00 1. 2.01100 60.00 Abraham dorijie....... - 4 :°.2 38 2 00 00° 00.00 Leffeert Leffertse........ 4.1. 600 1, 2.3.04} 00! BO«100 Jan mesnel. 4 fess desd.. £4 $1 4,72 shed raed Pieter Consellie......... 2 12 _ 5... 00:00) 00:06:80 Johannis aberse......... 3-00 6° 1. drxO0 apdhadip J? ot) OUR ol ae Osea

Compt: 325 Ziele.

hh,

A LIST OF FREEHOLDERS

IN SUFFOLK COUNTY 27 FFEBRUARY 1737

James Beebe Willam King: Jur Joshua Curtis Charles Glover Thomas terry John King: Jur

David Moore Walter Brown Samuel Conklin John Conklin

Joseph Conklin Joseph Conklin Junt

Gideon Youngs John Conklin Jun" Jonathan Youngs peter pain Richard Shaw John Budd. Richard Brown John vail

BO«100 Jan mesnel. 4 fess desd.. £4 $1 4,72 shed raed Pieter Consellie......... 2 12 _ 5... 00:00) 00:06:80 Johannis aberse......... 3-00 6° 1. drxO0 apdhadip J? ot) OUR ol ae Osea

Compt: 325 Ziele.

hh,

A LIST OF FREEHOLDERS

IN SUFFOLK COUNTY 27 FFEBRUARY 1737

James Beebe Willam King: Jur Joshua Curtis Charles Glover Thomas terry John King: Jur

David Moore Walter Brown Samuel Conklin John Conklin

Joseph Conklin Joseph Conklin Junt

Gideon Youngs John Conklin Jun" Jonathan Youngs peter pain Richard Shaw John Budd. Richard Brown John vail

Joseph Brown Alsup pain

Samuel Crook Samuel Emmons

Samuel Landon Sylvester Lhummidue

David Youngs Isreal Moore . John Racket Samuel Griffing Henry tuttle: Junt Ebbenezer Johnson Henry Conklin John Youngs

PROVINCE OF NEW YORK.

Thomas Reeve James Landon John peck Jonathan Horton John Salmon Thomas Conklin Joseph Horton Isaac Hubbard Samuel Reeve Samuel terry Joshua Budd Benjamin Reeve peter Halliock John Dickinson Nathaniel Youngs Samuel Case

John Goldsmith Daniel tuttle: Jur William Salmon Hazekiah Reeve Joshua Horton: Junt Samuel Curwin Sylvenus Davis Benjamin Case Zebulon Hallick David Reeve William Reeve Henry Wells Uriah terry 'Thomas Goldsmith Jonathan Horton Junt Solomon Wells William Benjamin Joshua Wells: Junt Richard terry Thomas Booth Gideon Wickhar Daniel Osmon

Constant king Barnebus Winds John Reeve David Horton John hudson Samuel Clark Junt Caleb Horton David Curwin Gersham terry Daniel Reeve James Reeve Timothy. Hudson Thomas Reeve Jun? John Howel Isaac Howel Thomas Clark Aaron Howel John Cleaves David Cleaves Daniel] Curwin Ezekiel pette James terry Josiah Youngs Daniel Youngs Samuel Wells Daniel Wells Nathaniel Wells Richard Howel Stephen Sweasay Joseph Mapes David Howel peter Hallick Richard Swasey Elezer luce: Jur Daniel terry Christipher Youngs Hezekiah howell Jonah Bower

Constant king Barnebus Winds John Reeve David Horton John hudson Samuel Clark Junt Caleb Horton David Curwin Gersham terry Daniel Reeve James Reeve Timothy. Hudson Thomas Reeve Jun? John Howel Isaac Howel Thomas Clark Aaron Howel John Cleaves David Cleaves Daniel] Curwin Ezekiel pette James terry Josiah Youngs Daniel Youngs Samuel Wells Daniel Wells Nathaniel Wells Richard Howel Stephen Sweasay Joseph Mapes David Howel peter Hallick Richard Swasey Elezer luce: Jur Daniel terry Christipher Youngs Hezekiah howell Jonah Bower

Obadiah Rogers Ichabod Seayr Ichabud Cooper Thomas Stephens Henry person Josiah howel * John foster James hearick Narthan hearick Benjamin hains Samuel Jenings Thomas lupton Job Seayr

Hugh gilson Jonathan peirle Stephen herrick Gershem Culver Jeremiah Culver Samuel Ludle John Mitchel Joseph Rodgers Henry Holsey David phithin Samuel hains Daniel Moore Thomas Sandford Ezekiel Sandford Abraham peirson Josiah peirson Stephen tapping Josiah tapping Job peirson Henry wick James Cooper John lupton Thomas Cooper Jur Elisha howel Elias pette

STATE OF THE

Elnathan white John moorehouse John norris Daniel hedges Theopple howel Thomas holsey Constant heavins Joseph howel Abraham holsey Nathaniel holsey David burnit John Seayr James White Aaron burnit John tapping Benjamin howell Henry howell Zechariah sandford Joshua hildreth Elias Cook Abraham howell John peirson Benjamin Woodruph Stephen bower Nathaniel Jesup Artter howell John Cook Jonathan Cook Isaac hildreth Timothy mulford Jeremiah mulford William hedges Narthan dayton William. osman Elisha Conklin Mathew mulford Edward Jones Daniel miller

Eleazer miller Samuel persons John merry Thomas talmage John talmage Lion gardner Samuel hedges Ephraim burnet Samuel hudson John mulford Josiah miller Henry hudson Thomas osmon John hunting Robert moore Jonathan wick Ezekiel hubard James chittester David Kitcham Samuel Smith Daniel Keeley James Keeley Obediah Rogers David Rogers Joseph lewes William Jerves Nathaniel Kacham philip plat John Rogers Job smith Arron Smith David Carey William row 'Jonathan Jones Jacob Munsel Platt Smith Solomon Smith Zephaniah plat

Eleazer miller Samuel persons John merry Thomas talmage John talmage Lion gardner Samuel hedges Ephraim burnet Samuel hudson John mulford Josiah miller Henry hudson Thomas osmon John hunting Robert moore Jonathan wick Ezekiel hubard James chittester David Kitcham Samuel Smith Daniel Keeley James Keeley Obediah Rogers David Rogers Joseph lewes William Jerves Nathaniel Kacham philip plat John Rogers Job smith Arron Smith David Carey William row 'Jonathan Jones Jacob Munsel Platt Smith Solomon Smith Zephaniah plat

PROVINCE OF NEW YORK.

John hockins

_ Moses Acerly

Josiah wicks John Scidmore Robert Arter Joshua Arter Timothy tredwell Obadiah Smith Benjamin Gold Daniel Smith Richard Smith Job Smith Ebenezer Smith Shubel Marchant Timothy Smith Joseph Smith Edmond Smith Richard Smith Isaack Mills Timothy Mills Richard Blidenberg James: Dickonson John Dickonson Jonathan Dayton John Arter William Green William phillips Amos willis Richard willis Richard floyd Nichols floyd Nathaniel Woodhull William Smith + James tutthil Dannie] Brewster James Smith Israel Smith James Sell

Joseph roberson John robberson Hezekiah Dayton Nathaniel Dayton Noah hallock Thomas Green William Miller

* Richard Miller Andrew Miller Robert robinson Thomas robinson Moses burnett Joseph phillips Joseph dauis Samuel dauis Daniel dauis Beniamin dauis John tucker George Norton John Mosier Henry Dayton Hugh Mosier Thomas Strong George tucker John row

_ Nathaniel row Henry robbins Nathaniel brewster John wood Samuel D'henuaz William Jean Stephen Jean

STATE OF THE

Matthews Jean Josep brewster Nathaniel Liscom Nathaniel Sattirly George Owen Samuel Smith Arter Smith

John hellock Beniamin hallock John tucker . Samuel thompson Jonathan Owen Nathaniel bigss William helms Eleazer hockins Amos Dickenson Henry Smith Esq Thomas Chatfield Joshua Youngs Joseph wickham Nathaniel warner Mathias burnett Daniel Sayr William Jenings Nathanil Smith, George phillips Richard Woodhull Obadiah Smith Charles Saxton John wicks

_ Nathaniel row Henry robbins Nathaniel brewster John wood Samuel D'henuaz William Jean Stephen Jean

STATE OF THE

Matthews Jean Josep brewster Nathaniel Liscom Nathaniel Sattirly George Owen Samuel Smith Arter Smith

John hellock Beniamin hallock John tucker . Samuel thompson Jonathan Owen Nathaniel bigss William helms Eleazer hockins Amos Dickenson Henry Smith Esq Thomas Chatfield Joshua Youngs Joseph wickham Nathaniel warner Mathias burnett Daniel Sayr William Jenings Nathanil Smith, George phillips Richard Woodhull Obadiah Smith Charles Saxton John wicks

Dauid Corey Sherriff The whole amounts to--328.

PROVINCE OF NEW YORK. 205

LIST OF THE FFREEHOLDERS

OF DUTCHESS COUNTY VIZT.

Henry Beekman Lowrence Knickerbacker Nicholas Hoffman Martinus Hoffman Barent Van Benthuysen Philip Londen Hendrick Kip

Nicholas Row

Jury Soefelt

Zacharias Haber Fredricke Sipperly Johannis Spaller

Jury Feder

William Cole

Hans Heyner

Johannis P: Snyder Johannis Backus

Hans felte Wollever Hans Lambert

Joseph Rykert Hendrick Sheffer

Peter Oostrander Benjamin Van Steenbergh Hans felte Sheffer Willem Freer

Teunis Freer.

Jury Ackert .

Evert Knickerbacker Nicholas Bonesteel Jacobus Van Etten June. Basteaan Trever Coenradt Berringer Wendell polver

Peter Van Etten William Simon

William Scott Michaell Sipperly David Richart

Jacob Mowl

Mathys Earnest Adam Oostrander Simon Kool Godfreed Hendrick Wendel Yager Jacob Drom Martinus Shoe

Jury Adam Soefelt Philip foelandt Andries Widerwox Fran Neker Christophell Snyder Marten Tiel

Arnout Viele Lowrence Tiel Jacob Cool

Philip More

Jan Van Benthuysen Zacharias Smith Josias Ross

Gysbert Westfall Andries Hermans Michael Polver Johannis Weaver William Van Vreedinburga Johannis Kip

Arie Hendrickse Willem Van Vreedinburgh Junr Isaac Kip | Roeloff Kip

Peter Van Etten William Simon

William Scott Michaell Sipperly David Richart

Jacob Mowl

Mathys Earnest Adam Oostrander Simon Kool Godfreed Hendrick Wendel Yager Jacob Drom Martinus Shoe

Jury Adam Soefelt Philip foelandt Andries Widerwox Fran Neker Christophell Snyder Marten Tiel

Arnout Viele Lowrence Tiel Jacob Cool

Philip More

Jan Van Benthuysen Zacharias Smith Josias Ross

Gysbert Westfall Andries Hermans Michael Polver Johannis Weaver William Van Vreedinburga Johannis Kip

Arie Hendrickse Willem Van Vreedinburgh Junr Isaac Kip | Roeloff Kip

Jacob Kip

Abraham Kip

Mathys Sleght

Evert Van Wagenen Goese Van Wagenen Hendrickus Heermans Lowrence Oosterhout Peter Tippell Albartus Shriver Stephen Frelick Arent Oostrander Philip Feller

Henry Filkin

Francis Hagaman John Gay

Isaac Filkin

Jan Ostrom

Roeloff Ostrom

Simon Flegelaer Augustine Creed Jacob Hoff

Lowrence Hoff

Isaac Germain

Isaac Germain Jun! Josias Crego

Isaac Tietsort

Richard Sackett Gerret E: Van Wagenen Isaac Runnells

Tsaac Runnells Jun* Frans Van Dyck Nehemiah Runnells ; Nicholas Van Wagenen Peter Palmer Nathaniell Marshall Joseph Palmer

Jacob Van Campen John Runnells Samuell Palmer

STATE OF THE

Joshua Palmer Manuell Gonselesduck William Palmer

Peter Lassing

Isaac Lassing

William Lassing Christophell Van Bomell Jacob Van Wagenen Lewis Du Bois

Mathys Du Bois Marcus Van Bomell Rudolphus Swartwoudt Mathewis Van Keuren Hendrick Willsie Elias Van Buntschoten Jacobus Van Bomell Thomas Lewis

Henry Vandenburgh John Concklin

Jacob Low

Johannis Van Kleek- Simon Freer

Mosis De Graaff Barnardus Swartwoudt Johannis Tappon Myndert Vandenbogart Hendrick Ostrom Barent Van Kleek Frans La Roy Lowrence Van Kleek Jacobus van Den Bogart Frans Filkin Bowdewine La Count Lowrence Gerbrantz Robert Kidney

William Lassing Christophell Van Bomell Jacob Van Wagenen Lewis Du Bois

Mathys Du Bois Marcus Van Bomell Rudolphus Swartwoudt Mathewis Van Keuren Hendrick Willsie Elias Van Buntschoten Jacobus Van Bomell Thomas Lewis

Henry Vandenburgh John Concklin

Jacob Low

Johannis Van Kleek- Simon Freer

Mosis De Graaff Barnardus Swartwoudt Johannis Tappon Myndert Vandenbogart Hendrick Ostrom Barent Van Kleek Frans La Roy Lowrence Van Kleek Jacobus van Den Bogart Frans Filkin Bowdewine La Count Lowrence Gerbrantz Robert Kidney

Peter Viele

John Emons

Magiel Pells

PROVINCE OF NEW YORK

Abraham Freer Jun Peter Parmatier

Gybsert Peelen

Arie Van Vliet

Johannis Van Benthuysen William Syfer

William Smith Secundus Alexander Griggs Jacobus De Yeo

James Auchmoty Samuell Mathews George Ellsworth Johannis Dollson

Jacob De Witt

David De Dutcher

John Cook

John Carman

Nicholas Koens Nicholas Emigh

' Hendrick Ow"

Mosis Nauthrup Stephen Crego

Peter Simpson

John Gamble

William Humphreys Francis Nellson

Thomas Davinport

Tsaac Van Amburgh Peter Du Bois Junt Cornelis Bogardus Jacobus De Peyster John Calkin Junt Johannis Van Voorhees Coert Van Voorhees Johannis Van Voorhees Junt Hendrick Philip Johannis Middellaer John Lossee

Johannis Willsie Johannis Ter Boss

- Isaac Dolson

Teunis Van Vliet Hendrick Van Tessell Hendrick Ter Boss Robert Britt Jacobus Ter Boss Cornelis Van Wyck Francis Britt Hendrick Rosekrans Thomas Langdon John Baily Christiaan Du Bois Jacobus Swartwout Theodorus Van Wyck Benjamin Hasbrook Willem Schutt George Brinckerhoff Daniell Boss Ephraime Bloome John Brinckerhoff Cornelis Lossee Lowrence Lossee Jonathan Du Bois Jacob Du Bois

John Montross Peter Mufford

John flewellen William Drake Joshua Griffen William Ver Planck Samuell Hallstead Daniell Yeomans John Rosekrans Cornelis Willsie Maes Oostrander Abraham Swartwoudt

Teunis Van Vliet Hendrick Van Tessell Hendrick Ter Boss Robert Britt Jacobus Ter Boss Cornelis Van Wyck Francis Britt Hendrick Rosekrans Thomas Langdon John Baily Christiaan Du Bois Jacobus Swartwout Theodorus Van Wyck Benjamin Hasbrook Willem Schutt George Brinckerhoff Daniell Boss Ephraime Bloome John Brinckerhoff Cornelis Lossee Lowrence Lossee Jonathan Du Bois Jacob Du Bois

John Montross Peter Mufford

John flewellen William Drake Joshua Griffen William Ver Planck Samuell Hallstead Daniell Yeomans John Rosekrans Cornelis Willsie Maes Oostrander Abraham Swartwoudt

STATE

Isaac Brinckerhoff Baltus J Van kleek Baltus B Van kleek Simon La Roy Ahaswarus Van kleek Teunis Van Buntskoten Gideon Ver Veelen Dutchess ss August 28: 1740

OF THE

Peter Outwater

Jacob Brinckerhoff Hendrick Mufford Marten. Shenk Mathew Du Bois Jun! Abraham De Graeff

The Aforegoing is a True List of the ffreeholders of said County To the best of my knowledge.

JA. WILSON Sheriff

A LIST OF THE OFFICERS AND SOLDERS

ORANGE IN THE PROVINCE OF

" BELONGING TO THE REGIMENT OF FFOOT MILITIA IN THE COUNTY OF

NEW YORK CONSISTING OF EIGHT

COMPANYS OF FFOOT WHEREOF VINCENT MATHEWS IS COLL'.

Vincent Mathews Coll Solle Carpenter Lett Coll: George Ramsen Major Michael Jacson Adejt James Tompson Quarts

first Company

Ram Remsen Capt

Cornelius Smith Livt

Eb Smith Ensine

Three Sarjents

Three Corporalls

One Drumer

Sixty Three private men--in all 73

2 Company

Sam!! Odel Capt

Henry Cuyper Livt

Benjam: Allison Ensine

Three Sarjents

Three Corporalls

one Drumer

fifty Eight private men--in all 68 .

3 Company

John Holly Capt

COMPANYS OF FFOOT WHEREOF VINCENT MATHEWS IS COLL'.

Vincent Mathews Coll Solle Carpenter Lett Coll: George Ramsen Major Michael Jacson Adejt James Tompson Quarts

first Company

Ram Remsen Capt

Cornelius Smith Livt

Eb Smith Ensine

Three Sarjents

Three Corporalls

One Drumer

Sixty Three private men--in all 73

2 Company

Sam!! Odel Capt

Henry Cuyper Livt

Benjam: Allison Ensine

Three Sarjents

Three Corporalls

one Drumer

fifty Eight private men--in all 68 .

3 Company

John Holly Capt

Mich Duning Liv*t

Solomon Carpenter Jun" Ensine

Three Sargents

Three Corporalls

one Drumer

one Hundred & Eleven private men--in all 121

4 Company

Jacobus Swartwoot Capt

Johan' West. Brook Liut

Johan' West Brook Junt Ensine

Three Sarjents

"PROVINCE OF NEW YORK. 209

Three Corporalls 7 Company one Drumer Jacob Vander Bilt Capt fifty five private men--in all 65 Andrew Underdonk Livt 5 Company Aron Smith Ensine Nathaniel Dubois Capt -- Three Sargents David Sovtherlon Leut Three Corporalls Isaac Hennion Ensine one Drumer Three Shargents fifty private men--In all 60 = Three Corporalls | Troop of Hors one Drumer Henry Youngs Capt Sixty three private men--in all W™ Mapes Livt 73 Michael Jaeson Cornt 6 Company ' Two Shargents Abra Hearing Jut Capt Two Corporalls Garret Blawvelt Livt One Trumpeter John Hearing Ensine fifty two private men--In all 60 Three Sargents The totall 595 Three Corporalls officers & Soldiers one Drumer Sub officers 56 ffoot

Sixty two private men--In all 72

The above is a Trew Account of the numbers of y® Officers & Soldiers boath of Hors & foot under my Command in the County of Orange according the Respective Roles I have Received from each Respective Capt

Three Corporalls 7 Company one Drumer Jacob Vander Bilt Capt fifty five private men--in all 65 Andrew Underdonk Livt 5 Company Aron Smith Ensine Nathaniel Dubois Capt -- Three Sargents David Sovtherlon Leut Three Corporalls Isaac Hennion Ensine one Drumer Three Shargents fifty private men--In all 60 = Three Corporalls | Troop of Hors one Drumer Henry Youngs Capt Sixty three private men--in all W™ Mapes Livt 73 Michael Jaeson Cornt 6 Company ' Two Shargents Abra Hearing Jut Capt Two Corporalls Garret Blawvelt Livt One Trumpeter John Hearing Ensine fifty two private men--In all 60 Three Sargents The totall 595 Three Corporalls officers & Soldiers one Drumer Sub officers 56 ffoot

Sixty two private men--In all 72

The above is a Trew Account of the numbers of y® Officers & Soldiers boath of Hors & foot under my Command in the County of Orange according the Respective Roles I have Received from each Respective Capt

This 20 Day of June 17388 VINT MATHEWS

--_ +r

LIST OF THE QUEEN'S COUNTY COMPANY

COMMANDED BY CAP'® JACOB HICKES

Cap Jaco Hicks Calip Carman

Lef. Samm Seman Nath. Vollintine Insi Josh¢ Barns Beni® yallintine

Sa : John Carle Tho Lee

Sa : John Sovthword Jose Lee

Sa: Solomo Seman Richa Townsend Sa: Willie Pine Sim2" Searing

Tho Carman eorge Gildersleeve Tho Sprage John Mott

VOL; IV. 14.

210 STATE OF THE

Sam Williams Elias Dorlon Roba Williams John Bedle Sam Bedle Jerem Bedle John Jonson Willi Langdon Josep Langdon Samv Langdon Samv Carman Deric Brevar Tho Manering Barns Cornelos Davi Pine Edw=t Spragg Jonat Smith Samve Rainer Benia Wood Benia Wood Samve Bertsel Will : Totton Ben's Britsel Jeams Wood Abra® Sovthward Char''s Abrahams John Abrahams Jespe Totton Robart Lee Tho Gildersleeve Drummer John Smith Mordeca Lester Rich Bedle Samve Seman J Danie!

210 STATE OF THE

Sam Williams Elias Dorlon Roba Williams John Bedle Sam Bedle Jerem Bedle John Jonson Willi Langdon Josep Langdon Samv Langdon Samv Carman Deric Brevar Tho Manering Barns Cornelos Davi Pine Edw=t Spragg Jonat Smith Samve Rainer Benia Wood Benia Wood Samve Bertsel Will : Totton Ben's Britsel Jeams Wood Abra® Sovthward Char''s Abrahams John Abrahams Jespe Totton Robart Lee Tho Gildersleeve Drummer John Smith Mordeca Lester Rich Bedle Samve Seman J Danie! Smith Tho Seaman

Josep Carman Hen Seman Josep Seman Gar*h Smith Josep Pettet George Boldin Dani! Bedle Jeams Smith Isaac Jarman Jeams Bedle Joseph Wood John Carle: J Beni2 Pine Ric*« Gildersleeve Beniz Bedle Joseph Bedle Adam Mott Samve Carman Richa Maniring John Seman Jacob Seman Jonas flower Rich Totton Will, Verity John Sovthword. J. Daniel Hevlet Matha Totten Samve Totten Robart Marvin John Smith J. John Rainer Jeams Pine Beni® Smith Jeams Seman Jeams Mott Samve Seman

This is a tru Copy wrk out of ye Original Roll by me

CAPN JACOB HICKES

PROVINCE OF NEW YORK. 211

LIST OF THE NEW YORK COMPANIES 1738.

A LIST OF THE BLUE ARTILLERY COMPANY UNDER JOHN WALDRON.

John Brown Capt Lietenant Peter Low first ditto W™ Harmersly second ditto Henry Rew third ditto Willillam Carr William Hillton Vicktor Beekers Zebadiah Hunt Henry Ricke

John .Tebout

William Floyde

John Turner

Frances Siluester Andrew Law Junt Beniaman Thomas John Braser

John Golett

Isreal Chadwick John Morschalick Tharnett Basley Alexander Aliar Jacob Golett

Thomas Hill

William Smith

John Pintard

LIST OF THE NEW YORK COMPANIES 1738.

A LIST OF THE BLUE ARTILLERY COMPANY UNDER JOHN WALDRON.

John Brown Capt Lietenant Peter Low first ditto W™ Harmersly second ditto Henry Rew third ditto Willillam Carr William Hillton Vicktor Beekers Zebadiah Hunt Henry Ricke

John .Tebout

William Floyde

John Turner

Frances Siluester Andrew Law Junt Beniaman Thomas John Braser

John Golett

Isreal Chadwick John Morschalick Tharnett Basley Alexander Aliar Jacob Golett

Thomas Hill

William Smith

John Pintard

James Spencer Andrew Bristed Phillip Jacob Bomper Jeremiah Lattouch Thomas Niblett Hasewell van Cure Abraham Pells

John Walker

Moses Gamboa Allbartus Tebout

John Byuank Danel Bonett William Carr John Lewis Dauid Griffis Robert Prouoost Peter Pantynier Ahasuars Ellsnorth Joseph Lidle John Turman Richard Baker James Sauers Samuel Lawrance Isaak Johnson Thomas Hunt Nicholas Carmer Jacob Sarly Mathew Woollfe Robert Bennett

'Edmond Peers

Robert Wood John Hunt Henry Williams Peter Demett John Lush Andrew Mansfild Alexander Phinix Samuel Bourdett James Tucker Linthorn Ratsey Jacob Phinix Daniel Bloom Robert Ratsey Jaob Kip

Henry Tucknep

James Hill John Bell Phillip Brown Thomas Tateke Richard Barker James Skeliton Richard Jeffers William Deen

|

STATE OF THE

William Boyde Dauid Goodwine Samuel Payton Jespar Bush Vincent Bodine James Fauear William Bryant

LIST OF THE COMPANY OF MILITIA

UNDER THE COMMAND OF GERARD BEEKMAN.

first Lieutenant & Second Ditto John Delamontanje Rich¢ Van Dam & Jacob Miller John Lashly Junt

both Dee4.

Meyer Insign non resident

Gerard' Comford W Gilbert Gert Harsen Dan"! Gotier

Jacobus Quick Thos Howard Abraham Ten Eyck. Aron Smith John King

James Hill John Bell Phillip Brown Thomas Tateke Richard Barker James Skeliton Richard Jeffers William Deen

|

STATE OF THE

William Boyde Dauid Goodwine Samuel Payton Jespar Bush Vincent Bodine James Fauear William Bryant

LIST OF THE COMPANY OF MILITIA

UNDER THE COMMAND OF GERARD BEEKMAN.

first Lieutenant & Second Ditto John Delamontanje Rich¢ Van Dam & Jacob Miller John Lashly Junt

both Dee4.

Meyer Insign non resident

Gerard' Comford W Gilbert Gert Harsen Dan"! Gotier

Jacobus Quick Thos Howard Abraham Ten Eyck. Aron Smith John King

Lewis Nordyn Daniel Meker James Young John Quick

John Van Gylder John Williams John Bassett Jacob Haraw Arie Bogaert

; Peter Marschalk

Sargants

David Gallation Lucas Kierstead John Nicholls Richard Bocas

, William Eagles

John Beekman James Davie Jacob Wessells John Van Deursen Jacob De Lamontanje Jacob Slover David Van Gelder David Provoost Barent-Coerten Jacob Trimper Collin Bursey

... Swaen John Tiljew Walter Heyer Charles Missebagh Jeremia Sherdewyn Peter Rusten

39 men

PROVINCE OF NEW YORK. 213

A LIST OF THE COMPANY

BELONGING UNDER THE COMMAND OF CAPT. CHARLES LAROEXS.

Gul Ver Plank, first Lut»

John 'Killmaster

Tobias Stoutenburgh second Lut» James Harding

David Abeel Insigne

Andrew Hunter Henry Carmer John Dewint Joseph Hayse Gilbert Rotery Seth Smith Samuel Burling John Man William Freedenburgh William Seatly John Freedenburgh Hannes Snoek Lucas Van Veghte John Burges

John Roberson George Ellman John Tennor William Snyder Daniel Dyke William Dyke Abraham Persel John Casanie Phillip Shaljoth Jacob Shareman John Grig

Israel Shadick William Roose Daniel Revoe Joseph Annow Standly Homes Cornelius Quackenbosh

Gul Ver Plank, first Lut»

John 'Killmaster

Tobias Stoutenburgh second Lut» James Harding

David Abeel Insigne

Andrew Hunter Henry Carmer John Dewint Joseph Hayse Gilbert Rotery Seth Smith Samuel Burling John Man William Freedenburgh William Seatly John Freedenburgh Hannes Snoek Lucas Van Veghte John Burges

John Roberson George Ellman John Tennor William Snyder Daniel Dyke William Dyke Abraham Persel John Casanie Phillip Shaljoth Jacob Shareman John Grig

Israel Shadick William Roose Daniel Revoe Joseph Annow Standly Homes Cornelius Quackenbosh

Dirk Amerman Cohan Jurry Mitter Johan france Waldron Thomas Wood William Brown William Strong William Hoppe William Horne Abraham Van Aram Phillip Soper -- Thomas Montanjea Abraham Poalin Petrus Montanjea John Ackerson - Edward Anderson Richard Green Isaac Van Gelder Phillip Young Jones Wright William Van Syce Symon Van Syce William Moor Joseph Montanjea James Louwe

John Van Wyke Theopheles Elswort Mathew Redit Andrew Redit Fredrick Sebrant John Coxs rs Baran Juda

Peter Smith Fredrick Becker

James Simson John Meserol Marta Bont Hendrick Orders Tunes Tebout John Coxs

Isaac Demilt Martinus Bogaart John Balden Henry Jenkings Aron Magerson John Magerson Robert Carter Frank Moany

STATE OF THE'

George Arter Samuel Pell John Lawrence John Kingston Peter Degrot Patrick Smith Joseph Doty John Montanjea Esias Smith Peter Wyth Isaac Borea Thomas Wallace Peter Panebaker Simon Breasted--94

_+ + a

CAPT. STUYVESANT'S COMPANY.

Gt Stuyvesant Asq? Capt

Lift Jacobus Kip

Insine Phillip Minthorne

Sariants John Horn Marten Van Evera Dirrick Benson William Waldron

Christian Hartman William low Jacob Tinne Fransis Child John Minthorne Chernalus Child Fradrick Webbers John Harson Charls Dosson Jacob Horn

STATE OF THE'

George Arter Samuel Pell John Lawrence John Kingston Peter Degrot Patrick Smith Joseph Doty John Montanjea Esias Smith Peter Wyth Isaac Borea Thomas Wallace Peter Panebaker Simon Breasted--94

_+ + a

CAPT. STUYVESANT'S COMPANY.

Gt Stuyvesant Asq? Capt

Lift Jacobus Kip

Insine Phillip Minthorne

Sariants John Horn Marten Van Evera Dirrick Benson William Waldron

Christian Hartman William low Jacob Tinne Fransis Child John Minthorne Chernalus Child Fradrick Webbers John Harson Charls Dosson Jacob Horn

Axnovt Horn John Kip Isack De Lamantanya Andris Anderson David De Voor Ser David De Voor Jur Abraham Anderson Johnthon Hardmon Arron Buse

William Richson

°

John Bas Ser

John Bas Jur Abraham De Lamarten Mathan Megure Burger Van Evera John Sprong

John De Voor Robert Greage

John Waldron Van Hornshoke

PROVINCE OF NEW YORK.

Benjamin Waldron John Waldron

Arron Kortreght 1 John Benson Abraham Van Bramen Tsack Mier

John Sickels

Omfre Patoo

Abraham Myer Jur Arron Myer

John Luis

David De Voor

Peter Waldron Adovlf Benson Adovlf Myer Jur

John Myer Jut Sammual Waldron J' John Waldron Van hogt Jocom Cardener

Jacob Cardener

John Dyckman Lowrance Low Abraham Van Braman John Karsse

Abraham Karsse Ressolvert Waldron John Van Oblenes Jacob Dyckmen

Jacob Dyckmen Jur

John Nagel Jur Harman Van Dewater Addrian Hogland John Anderson Chernalus Dyckman Edde Van Evera Handrick Van Flackra Tunnes Van Flackra William Dickre

John Dyckman Nicklus Dyckman John Fox

John Wabbers

Jacob Van Ourda Abraham Van Flackra Jsack Wabbers Chornalus Wabbers John Hoppah

Andris Hoppah

John Cownoven

_ Foulkert Somerindiek

John Myer Jut Sammual Waldron J' John Waldron Van hogt Jocom Cardener

Jacob Cardener

John Dyckman Lowrance Low Abraham Van Braman John Karsse

Abraham Karsse Ressolvert Waldron John Van Oblenes Jacob Dyckmen

Jacob Dyckmen Jur

John Nagel Jur Harman Van Dewater Addrian Hogland John Anderson Chernalus Dyckman Edde Van Evera Handrick Van Flackra Tunnes Van Flackra William Dickre

John Dyckman Nicklus Dyckman John Fox

John Wabbers

Jacob Van Ourda Abraham Van Flackra Jsack Wabbers Chornalus Wabbers John Hoppah

Andris Hoppah

John Cownoven

_ Foulkert Somerindiek

Tsack De Lamter

William Algalt

Fradrick Allgalt

John Duffeback

John Mandevele

Jelyes Mandevele

Choranlus Wabbers--86 men

a SS EEE

CAPT RICHARDS COMPANY --

A MALITIA COMPANY UNDER YE ESPECIALZ COMMAND OF

Paul Richards Esq?

Joseph Coutey Insigne --

Cornelius Sandford First Left Moses Gomer Clarke

Abell Hardenbroock 24 Left

Henry Meyer John Vangelaer

STATE OF THE

Jacob morris Hendrikes Bulen

Abraham Vangelder Serjeants John Ellsworth

Nicholas anthony Cornelius Myer William Varnall James Weyley Joseph Waldron John Bealy

Isaac Twentymen William Hyer Burtoll miller James Best Andrew Clappar John Roerbeck Cornelius seabrean Wandle Horn Richard Anlay Samuell Hazard William Procter John Wright Thomas Brown John basett James Budselott

Henriques Wessells

Petter vandick Richard vandick Daniell Yow John Rynders John Taylor

Jacobus Montanie ~

Seidney Briess Potter Fressneau

Anthony Lamb William Guest Albartus Bush John Coae Henry bedlow James Brown John Horse Joseph Read Herry King Lawrence Fresst Arculas Windfford John Fordham James Favier William Stone Mathias Gonear

Gerrett & andrew Abrahams

Ephffriam Braiser Jacob Abraham Alexander Oglesby John Myer

Isaac Twentymen William Hyer Burtoll miller James Best Andrew Clappar John Roerbeck Cornelius seabrean Wandle Horn Richard Anlay Samuell Hazard William Procter John Wright Thomas Brown John basett James Budselott

Henriques Wessells

Petter vandick Richard vandick Daniell Yow John Rynders John Taylor

Jacobus Montanie ~

Seidney Briess Potter Fressneau

Anthony Lamb William Guest Albartus Bush John Coae Henry bedlow James Brown John Horse Joseph Read Herry King Lawrence Fresst Arculas Windfford John Fordham James Favier William Stone Mathias Gonear

Gerrett & andrew Abrahams

Ephffriam Braiser Jacob Abraham Alexander Oglesby John Myer

Tsaac Revara

_ David Van horne

Isaac Blanck Petter Coake Daniell Dunscum Curoth Covernover Thomas Picketh Petter Prawboneth John Steward Denis Hicks

Nathaniell Hazard Alexander Weyley Cornelius Turk

Andrew barhead Senior Andrew barhead Junior John Masiay

PROVINCE OF NEW YORK 217

William MeDoval) Elias Mambrewtt John Flasher

Petter A Voatts Stephen Burdet--h73 Men

CAPT. BOELEN'S COMPANY.

AN EXACT LIST OR MUSTER ROUI, OF THE COMPANY WHEREOF IS

Capt Abrah Boelen Lutt Abrah Van Wyk Sec. Lut. Henry Beekman Insign William de Peyster Sargiants 1 Victoor Heyer 2 Kasper Burger 3 Jn° Roome 4 Jn° Meyer Coarprals 5 'Walter Heyer 6 Wiliam Beek 7 Isack Van Deurse

8 William Baldwin 9 Jn° Coo 10 Jno Parmijter 11 Edward Hiter 12 Jn° Ten Brouk 13 Arond Heyer 14 William Heyer 15 William Oglesbey 16 Oliver Sioert 17 Cornelius Van Den Berg 18 Johannes Aelstyn 19 Samuel Bell 20 Jn° Barlow 21 Abrah Aeylstyn Junt 22 Sampson Bensin 23 Abrah Finsher

o7 4]

Henry Beekman Insign William de Peyster Sargiants 1 Victoor Heyer 2 Kasper Burger 3 Jn° Roome 4 Jn° Meyer Coarprals 5 'Walter Heyer 6 Wiliam Beek 7 Isack Van Deurse

8 William Baldwin 9 Jn° Coo 10 Jno Parmijter 11 Edward Hiter 12 Jn° Ten Brouk 13 Arond Heyer 14 William Heyer 15 William Oglesbey 16 Oliver Sioert 17 Cornelius Van Den Berg 18 Johannes Aelstyn 19 Samuel Bell 20 Jn° Barlow 21 Abrah Aeylstyn Junt 22 Sampson Bensin 23 Abrah Finsher

o7 4]

Jn° Couzyn

Jn° Hatton Phillip Boiles Joseph de Vou Thomas Windover Samuel Berry Henry George Harman Bensin Gerrit Hyer

Jn° Demmok Harman Lineh Jn° Van Horne Peter Hebon Joshua Slyder Jacobus Berry Jn° Walker Vincent Montanie Walter Hyer Cornelius Bussing Jeptah Smith Gerret Cozyn Adriaen Hogeland

'Henry Slyk

Thomas Welsh James Turner William Roome Peter Roome Thomas Lawrence Jn° Barker Daniel Van Deurse

218 STATE OF THE

54 Samuel Dunscomb 63 Machiel Cornelisse 55 Thomos Sanders 64 Roberd Troop

56 William Welsh 65 Jn° Montayne

57 Jno James 66 Jacob Roome

58 Robberd Sickles 67 George Van Horne 59 William Lattim 68 Fredrik Bloom

60 Jn° Johnson 69 Herman Johnson

61 Jno Exeen 70 Cornelius Van Hook--74 62 George Willis

New York Febrt 8 Ao 1737 | 8.

A LIST OF THE COMPANY OF CAPT, CORNELUS VAN HORNE. Capt Cornelus Van Horne David Michell Lev! Jacob Walton Benjamen Loory 2 Levt David Provoost 20 Phillip Lewis Insign Henry Rutgers John Christian Arie King Samuel Barnhart Serjeant Jacob Kip. Marthen Myer Henry Benson Isack Brazier Aernout Rome 25 Abraham Peltron > Johannes Pool 5 Samson Benson Sams Son John Van Pelt James Hyde Charles Sprangier Abraham Sanders Robbert Provoost Samson Benson Thewes Son 30 Joshua Laplaine James Clerck Samuell Weever 10 Samuel Maghee : Jonathan Peasley Alexander Maghee Peter Vergeroa John Stephens Edward Killey John Evvets 35 Nicolas Murfey Thomas Perdou John Bogert John Son 15 John Waddell Jacobus Quick Lodewyck kraan Samuell Couwenoven

Marthen Myer Henry Benson Isack Brazier Aernout Rome 25 Abraham Peltron > Johannes Pool 5 Samson Benson Sams Son John Van Pelt James Hyde Charles Sprangier Abraham Sanders Robbert Provoost Samson Benson Thewes Son 30 Joshua Laplaine James Clerck Samuell Weever 10 Samuel Maghee : Jonathan Peasley Alexander Maghee Peter Vergeroa John Stephens Edward Killey John Evvets 35 Nicolas Murfey Thomas Perdou John Bogert John Son 15 John Waddell Jacobus Quick Lodewyck kraan Samuell Couwenoven

John White John Robins

PROVINCE OF NEW YORK.

Pieter pontenier aswerus Elzewaart Cap Nathaniel Hinson Wynant van Gelder Jonathan Right James Burlin Richard Gill

William Hauckshurst Lodewyck Bempe1 Daniell Bountekoe Abraham Hyat

Isack Bokee

James Bussy

Aarent Gilbord

John fine

George Joung

- James Codden June

George Marschalk Henry Van de Water Daniell Bonett Jacob Senjoor Wiliam Eckson Hugh Wentwort Phillip Cetchim Gilbord Hyatt John Chappell Tsack Varian Nathaniell Sackett Tsack Gardner Mozes Tayler Thomas Fealds

John Walless

John Suttin

Richard Durham Cornelus Van Gelder John Saunders Jeremia Sherdevine Alexander Mackdou Robberd Marrell Thomas Bradberry Peter De Groof Wiliam Bartled Thomas Grant Edward Hix

Orstin Hix

Walter Achter de Long Charles Smith Thomas Sickels Junt Richard Waldron Hendrick Header Daniell Vaun

Joseph North

John Dunscum Joseph Collett David Schot

Wiliam Boyd

John Lake

Mathew Woodford Wiliam Cerlijal Abraham Bokee *

100 Caleb Farley 101 Daniell Van Vleck--105

920 STATE OF THE

A LIST OF THE COMPANY.

OF MALITIA WHEREOF IS CAPTN. HENRY CUYLER.

James Searle 1st Wil™ Walton 24 John Vanderspegle Ensign Thos Hall

_ Ja' Creighton

Richard Durham Cornelus Van Gelder John Saunders Jeremia Sherdevine Alexander Mackdou Robberd Marrell Thomas Bradberry Peter De Groof Wiliam Bartled Thomas Grant Edward Hix

Orstin Hix

Walter Achter de Long Charles Smith Thomas Sickels Junt Richard Waldron Hendrick Header Daniell Vaun

Joseph North

John Dunscum Joseph Collett David Schot

Wiliam Boyd

John Lake

Mathew Woodford Wiliam Cerlijal Abraham Bokee *

100 Caleb Farley 101 Daniell Van Vleck--105

920 STATE OF THE

A LIST OF THE COMPANY.

OF MALITIA WHEREOF IS CAPTN. HENRY CUYLER.

James Searle 1st Wil™ Walton 24 John Vanderspegle Ensign Thos Hall

_ Ja' Creighton

; Leiv'ts

W™ Colegrove Martin Clock Sam!! Sage

Sam!! Lewis

John Hamans Hutehin Marshal Benjamin Moore Humphry Jones Sam! Babington John Stout Hendrick Cregeer. Martinus Cregeer Junt Abraham Bargeau John Smith Benjamin Shoot James Wallbritten Francis Wessels Henry Holt

Thos Peirce James Jarret Sam!! Levy

David Robinson John Pintard Thos Duncan Tobias Ten. Eyck John Hastier George Burnett Charles Hume Joris Brinckerhoff

; Sergeants.

Jacob Franks Moses Franks David Franks Thos Willit

Joseph Leddel Joseph Leddel Junt Stephen Calas Robt Crook

Thos Oaks

James Bayley Thos Tyte

Sam!! Pell Gerardus Duyckinck John M*Mullen Rich4 Ray

W™ Shermur

John Swilivan W™ Orsban

W™ Gale

Barant Bush

John Wright Elijah Heaviland George Lamb Joseph Watkins Charles Sleigh John Williams Sam!! Myers Cohen Andries Ten Eyck Rich¢ Ten Eyck Peter Telyew Henry Demire Robt Richardson Rich4 Evits

John Ganter Nicholas Ganter

PROVINCE OF NEW YORK.

Thomas Griggs Thomas Griggs Junt William Colwill. Isaac Shurdavine Rice Williams

Joseph Leddel Joseph Leddel Junt Stephen Calas Robt Crook

Thos Oaks

James Bayley Thos Tyte

Sam!! Pell Gerardus Duyckinck John M*Mullen Rich4 Ray

W™ Shermur

John Swilivan W™ Orsban

W™ Gale

Barant Bush

John Wright Elijah Heaviland George Lamb Joseph Watkins Charles Sleigh John Williams Sam!! Myers Cohen Andries Ten Eyck Rich¢ Ten Eyck Peter Telyew Henry Demire Robt Richardson Rich4 Evits

John Ganter Nicholas Ganter

PROVINCE OF NEW YORK.

Thomas Griggs Thomas Griggs Junt William Colwill. Isaac Shurdavine Rice Williams

John Lundlakin Jacobus Fork Richard Fork

Elias Burger

Jacob Vandergrift Peter Praw Vinsant John Gasharee Henry Patterson Peter Galatian

Sam!! Brown John Dewitt John Buckanover Franciss Worner Rineer Burger Daniel Lynsen David Walker Thos Picks Thos Rigby Rich¢ Byfield Joseph Scott Lashare Charles Hanley--91 Men 97 (officers omitted.)

A LIST OF A FOOT COMPANY

UNDER THE COMMAND OF CAPT. JOSEPH ROBINSON TAKEN IN NEW YORK THE 21 pay oF JANUARY 1737 | 8

Isaac De peyster Leuff

N W grant Second Leuff gaul Du Bous Insine

Jacobes Stoutenburgh Clarck

harme Bussingh

Benjamen Quackenbos Christeaen Stuiver

John Blaack Serd

John Monthanye Drummer

John EKeuwets franses Barrea Richard hopper Isaac Stoutenburgh John Vredenburgh odreen Deppye Walter De Graau

WRAP wwe

8 John oblyne 9 John Stoutenburgh 10 Tobias Stoutenburgh 11 Albartus Van de Water 12 henderyckas Van de Water 13 frerick heyr 14 Richard Warner 15 John Bond 16 Adward Linter 17 John Nicholds 18 Adam Van de Bergh 19 Willm Spoor 20 Aswerus turck 21 Zacharejas Ziggelse 22 Richard Baker 23 Willm Louwdeth 24 Peter Pruar 25 Peter Lott

John EKeuwets franses Barrea Richard hopper Isaac Stoutenburgh John Vredenburgh odreen Deppye Walter De Graau

WRAP wwe

8 John oblyne 9 John Stoutenburgh 10 Tobias Stoutenburgh 11 Albartus Van de Water 12 henderyckas Van de Water 13 frerick heyr 14 Richard Warner 15 John Bond 16 Adward Linter 17 John Nicholds 18 Adam Van de Bergh 19 Willm Spoor 20 Aswerus turck 21 Zacharejas Ziggelse 22 Richard Baker 23 Willm Louwdeth 24 Peter Pruar 25 Peter Lott

4] Bl bd

STATE OF thomas Ellon 58 Pieter Losie 59 Corneles Van Vechten 60 Willm poppelstorf 61 Alexander Willsen 62 gerrit Van gelder 63° Evert pels 64 Samuel pels 65 Marchus Peffer 66 Corneles Cozeijn 67 John Whiler 68 adward kimmel 69 Wilm Croleus 70 Peter Corsieleus ak henderickas oth 72 Johannes Remie 73 Johannes Staat 74 Johannes pieter Kimpel 75 gerret de freest 76 Baltus hejr 17 John Cure 78 Robbert Cure 79 Ducke arrell 80 Jacob Wickenbergh 81 Wilm Acklye 82 John Acklye 83 Pieter Andriesse 84 geysbert gertitse 85 Samuel oths 86 Wilm persell 87 Anthony hem 88 John Dubs 89

John Bogert henry Van Ness Richard Kip Isaac Bussingh Aron Bussingh Caspares Blanck John van orden John Davis

Jacob Bruar John Bruar Abram Bruar Nicolas tomas Daniel Burger Nicholas Rosevelt Adam king Willm fisser John Post

Peter Carbie henry Stanton John monthanye Jacob Monthanye Anthony Boutser Barnaba Saruch Corneles Magielse Benjamen Watchen amus Willckenson Willm Burneth John hughsten henry hennejou Isaac hennejon Michall Louwerier

Everardus Bruar---95 Men

PROVINCE OF NEW YORK. 223

STATE OF thomas Ellon 58 Pieter Losie 59 Corneles Van Vechten 60 Willm poppelstorf 61 Alexander Willsen 62 gerrit Van gelder 63° Evert pels 64 Samuel pels 65 Marchus Peffer 66 Corneles Cozeijn 67 John Whiler 68 adward kimmel 69 Wilm Croleus 70 Peter Corsieleus ak henderickas oth 72 Johannes Remie 73 Johannes Staat 74 Johannes pieter Kimpel 75 gerret de freest 76 Baltus hejr 17 John Cure 78 Robbert Cure 79 Ducke arrell 80 Jacob Wickenbergh 81 Wilm Acklye 82 John Acklye 83 Pieter Andriesse 84 geysbert gertitse 85 Samuel oths 86 Wilm persell 87 Anthony hem 88 John Dubs 89

John Bogert henry Van Ness Richard Kip Isaac Bussingh Aron Bussingh Caspares Blanck John van orden John Davis

Jacob Bruar John Bruar Abram Bruar Nicolas tomas Daniel Burger Nicholas Rosevelt Adam king Willm fisser John Post

Peter Carbie henry Stanton John monthanye Jacob Monthanye Anthony Boutser Barnaba Saruch Corneles Magielse Benjamen Watchen amus Willckenson Willm Burneth John hughsten henry hennejou Isaac hennejon Michall Louwerier

Everardus Bruar---95 Men

PROVINCE OF NEW YORK. 223

New York ye 10th Aprill 1738. A LIST OF YE INHABITANTS

Capt Mathew Clarkson Simon Johnson first Leutenant 28 Cornelius Wynkoop 274 Leutent 29 John Dyer Ensigne

John Heyer Sarst

John Lesher Z John De Foreest.Corpt

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Cornelus Bruckman James Symes Adam Dobbs Samuel Johnson James Cammel Daniel Masters John Richard Peter Wesseils William Brown Abraham Isaac Henry Breasted James De Hart

New York ye 10th Aprill 1738. A LIST OF YE INHABITANTS

Capt Mathew Clarkson Simon Johnson first Leutenant 28 Cornelius Wynkoop 274 Leutent 29 John Dyer Ensigne

John Heyer Sarst

John Lesher Z John De Foreest.Corpt

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Conia ol SCSONIAark WwW WH

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Cornelus Bruckman James Symes Adam Dobbs Samuel Johnson James Cammel Daniel Masters John Richard Peter Wesseils William Brown Abraham Isaac Henry Breasted James De Hart

John Dunlop

Edward Nickolds John Cregier Harmanis Schuyier Richard Nauwood Francis Bratt Solomon Myers John Ten Eyck Thomas Routh Jarvis Routh Abraham Marchalk John De Foreest Isaac De Foreest Nicholas De Foreest

o4 3D 4]

OF Y® SOUTH WARD IN Y¥ BEAT OF CAP? MATHEW CLARKSON.

David Cox Isaac Maddox Justis Witfeald Henry Witfeald Daniel Effets Gedion Lynsen John De Mercor Henry Carmor William Lewis James Manna Stheven Smith Andrew Breasted William Holton William Dobbs Anthony Yerrenton Francis Harding Dennes Andersin Nicholas Anthony Joseph Simson Thomas Edwards Henry Biffins ' John Bloom Abrahan Van Deursen Jassa De Foreest Adam Beeckman John Blage Benjamin Blage Henry Peek James Mecerty John Nickolds William English Garret Heyer--65 with of ficers

224 STATE OF THE

LIST OF THE COMPANY OF MILITIA

, FORMERLY COMMANDED BY JOHN MOORE,

David Schuyler 1st Lieutent

St George Talbot Ensine but since removed

Isaue Blanck

Tunis Devour

Tunis Van Wort Corporal

Private Centinels

Cornelius Van De Water

W Hitchcock

Jacob Van Deursen

Matthew Bell Sent

Matthew Bell Jun*

W™ Ellsworth.

David Cox Isaac Maddox Justis Witfeald Henry Witfeald Daniel Effets Gedion Lynsen John De Mercor Henry Carmor William Lewis James Manna Stheven Smith Andrew Breasted William Holton William Dobbs Anthony Yerrenton Francis Harding Dennes Andersin Nicholas Anthony Joseph Simson Thomas Edwards Henry Biffins ' John Bloom Abrahan Van Deursen Jassa De Foreest Adam Beeckman John Blage Benjamin Blage Henry Peek James Mecerty John Nickolds William English Garret Heyer--65 with of ficers

224 STATE OF THE

LIST OF THE COMPANY OF MILITIA

, FORMERLY COMMANDED BY JOHN MOORE,

David Schuyler 1st Lieutent

St George Talbot Ensine but since removed

Isaue Blanck

Tunis Devour

Tunis Van Wort Corporal

Private Centinels

Cornelius Van De Water

W Hitchcock

Jacob Van Deursen

Matthew Bell Sent

Matthew Bell Jun*

W™ Ellsworth.

John Claude

John Alwin

Peter Armant

10 Jeremiah Reading

11 John Johnson

12 W™ Millerin

13 Cornelis Brower

14 Benjamin Killmaster

15 James Bodin

16 Joseph De Lorne

17 John Johnson

18. John Morin

19 Benje Appleby

20 George Witts

21 Anthony Rutgers

22 Robert Benson

23 Richard Bradburne

23 Henry Beckman

24 Matthew Allstine

25 Samuel Goodness

26 Peter Petersen

! Sergeants

CcoaoA as OOP OF DO =

Thomas De Waite John Brasier John Norris Robert Griffith W™ Griffith

W Pritch

David Griffith John Thompson W™ Lyell |

W™ Pearsley Aron Van Hook John Meckilsa Elias Stanbury David Goodwin John Steinobuck Jacob Peek David Smith John Peterskyder Yost Palden Gisbert Vytden Bogert Jacob Pitt Abraham Pitt

' Peter Lamerse

Robert Harris Peter Cobusnyder Saunders Rutson Surt Olivers Adam King Henry Cavalier . Paulus Speder Paulus Berger Jacob Bush Peter Plowman Gisbert Van Deursen

Thomas De Waite John Brasier John Norris Robert Griffith W™ Griffith

W Pritch

David Griffith John Thompson W™ Lyell |

W™ Pearsley Aron Van Hook John Meckilsa Elias Stanbury David Goodwin John Steinobuck Jacob Peek David Smith John Peterskyder Yost Palden Gisbert Vytden Bogert Jacob Pitt Abraham Pitt

' Peter Lamerse

Robert Harris Peter Cobusnyder Saunders Rutson Surt Olivers Adam King Henry Cavalier . Paulus Speder Paulus Berger Jacob Bush Peter Plowman Gisbert Van Deursen

PROVINCE OF NEW YoRK. 225

61 Surfus Fleerinboome 77 Hendrick Anthony 62 George Prior _. 8 William Cansaly 63 Peter Lesser 79 John Dennis

64 Jacob King : 80 Gisbert Van Vleeq 65 Samuel Browne 81 Barent Barhite

66 Gisbert'' Uytden Bogert 82 William Morgan 67 Cornelius Roomer Sen™ 83 Dirrick Cook Junt

68 Cornelius Roomer Junt 84 Peter Van Norden 69 Cornelius Thorp 85 John Elnor 70 John Clarke -- 86 William Peick 71 John French 87 Abraham Blanck 72 Abraham Wheeler 88 Jacob Bennet 73 William Cook 89 Garret Defreest 74 Lawrence Lamerse 90 Thomas Maybourn 75 Elbert Hommerman 91 Roger MeCornet--with. of- 76 Abraham Florentine ficers 98 bal wes

LIST OF OFFICERS ISSUED FOR NEW YORK

WITH THE DATES OF THEIR COMMISSIONS.

No. Charles Le Roux Esq™ Major - - - 1738, Augt 15 1 Abram Vanwyck Captain in the room of Capt® Le Roux 16 2 Guilian Verplanck Capt in the room of Coll Moore - = abT 3 Isaac De Peyster Capt in the room of Coll Robinson - 18

68 Cornelius Roomer Junt 84 Peter Van Norden 69 Cornelius Thorp 85 John Elnor 70 John Clarke -- 86 William Peick 71 John French 87 Abraham Blanck 72 Abraham Wheeler 88 Jacob Bennet 73 William Cook 89 Garret Defreest 74 Lawrence Lamerse 90 Thomas Maybourn 75 Elbert Hommerman 91 Roger MeCornet--with. of- 76 Abraham Florentine ficers 98 bal wes

LIST OF OFFICERS ISSUED FOR NEW YORK

WITH THE DATES OF THEIR COMMISSIONS.

No. Charles Le Roux Esq™ Major - - - 1738, Augt 15 1 Abram Vanwyck Captain in the room of Capt® Le Roux 16 2 Guilian Verplanck Capt in the room of Coll Moore - = abT 3 Isaac De Peyster Capt in the room of Coll Robinson - 18

First Lieutenants:

1 Henry Beekman - - To Capt. Abram Boelen - Cag 2 Jacob kip - sin to Capt. Gerards Stivesant - 21 3 David Provoost - - to Capt. Paul Richards - -. 22 4 William Walton Junt - to Capt Abram Vanwyck - 23 5 Abel Hardenbrook - to Capt Gerardus Beekman - 24 6 Tobias Stoutenburgh - to Capt Isaac Depeyster -- - 25 7 Walter Dubois - - to CaptGulian Verplank - 26 Second Lneutenants. 1 Philip Minthorne - -- to Capt GerardusStivesant 28 2 David Abeel - = toCapt Henry Cuyler - - 29 3 John Dyer - + to Capt Mathew Clarkson - 30

VoL. Iv. 15

226 STATE OF THE

4 William Depeyster - to Capt Abram Boelen - - 31 5 John vanderspiegle - to Capt Cornel's Vanhorne Sept 1 6 Henry Rutgers - - to Capt Abram Vanwyck. - 2 7 John Pinhorne - to Capt Guilian Verplank - 4 8 John Dewit - - to Capt Gerardus Beekman 5 9 Edward Hicks - to Capt Paul Richards - - =~ 6 10 Thomas Duncan - - to Capt.

226 STATE OF THE

4 William Depeyster - to Capt Abram Boelen - - 31 5 John vanderspiegle - to Capt Cornel's Vanhorne Sept 1 6 Henry Rutgers - - to Capt Abram Vanwyck. - 2 7 John Pinhorne - to Capt Guilian Verplank - 4 8 John Dewit - - to Capt Gerardus Beekman 5 9 Edward Hicks - to Capt Paul Richards - - =~ 6 10 Thomas Duncan - - to Capt. Isaac Depeyster - 9 Ensigns. 1 Thos Willet - - to Capt Guilian Verplank - 9 2 Barent Rynders - - to Capt Henry Cuyler - 11 3 Humphry Jones - to Capt Abram Vanwyck - 12 4 Andw Clopper - - to Capt Isaac Depeyster - 13 5 Barthw Lereaux - to Capt Cornelius Vanhorne - 14 6 Robert Bensen - - to Capt Gerardus Beekman 15 7 John Barberie - - to Cap' Paul Richards - = 1G 8 Abram Cortlandt - to Capt Mathw Clarkson - 18 9 Gerardus Beekman Junt to Capt Abram Boelen - - 19 10 John Bensen - - to Capt Gerardus Stivesant - 20

ULSTER COUNTY MILITIA 1738.

FIELD OFFICERS.

Colle A. Gaasbeek Chambers. Let Colle Wessel Ten Broeck. Mayor Coenradt Elmendorp. Quarter Master Cornelis Elmendorp.

ULSTER SS: 4 List of the Troopers Under the Command of

Capt Johannis Ten Broeck 3'd Corpor! Arie Van Vliet Lieutt Wessel Ten Broeck Junr 4th Corpor! Martie Lamatre Cornt Tho's Gaasbeek Chambers 5 Corpori Ffrederick Schoon- 1st Qr. Mas. Hendrickus Krom maker

Isaac Depeyster - 9 Ensigns. 1 Thos Willet - - to Capt Guilian Verplank - 9 2 Barent Rynders - - to Capt Henry Cuyler - 11 3 Humphry Jones - to Capt Abram Vanwyck - 12 4 Andw Clopper - - to Capt Isaac Depeyster - 13 5 Barthw Lereaux - to Capt Cornelius Vanhorne - 14 6 Robert Bensen - - to Capt Gerardus Beekman 15 7 John Barberie - - to Cap' Paul Richards - = 1G 8 Abram Cortlandt - to Capt Mathw Clarkson - 18 9 Gerardus Beekman Junt to Capt Abram Boelen - - 19 10 John Bensen - - to Capt Gerardus Stivesant - 20

ULSTER COUNTY MILITIA 1738.

FIELD OFFICERS.

Colle A. Gaasbeek Chambers. Let Colle Wessel Ten Broeck. Mayor Coenradt Elmendorp. Quarter Master Cornelis Elmendorp.

ULSTER SS: 4 List of the Troopers Under the Command of

Capt Johannis Ten Broeck 3'd Corpor! Arie Van Vliet Lieutt Wessel Ten Broeck Junr 4th Corpor! Martie Lamatre Cornt Tho's Gaasbeek Chambers 5 Corpori Ffrederick Schoon- 1st Qr. Mas. Hendrickus Krom maker

2nd Qr. M. Johannis De Lamatre 6 Corpor! Solomon Haasbrock Trump? Abraham Constapell Solomon Van Bunschoten

1st Corpor! Richard Wells Jacob Haasbrock

2nd Corpor! Gerrit Elmendorph Cornelis Depue

PROVINCE OF NEW YORK.

Samuel Bovie

Benjamin Depue Egbert Brinck

Jan Ffreer

Cornelis Ten Broeck Johannis Wynkoope Junt Daniel De Bois

Danill Haasbrock Arent Ploegh

Samuel Schoonmaker Tjerck Schoonmaker Arie Oosterhout

Wessel Broadhead Simon Jacobs Van Wagenen Simon Van Wagenen Jacob Van Wagenen Egbert De Witt

Hendrickus Krom maker

2nd Qr. M. Johannis De Lamatre 6 Corpor! Solomon Haasbrock Trump? Abraham Constapell Solomon Van Bunschoten

1st Corpor! Richard Wells Jacob Haasbrock

2nd Corpor! Gerrit Elmendorph Cornelis Depue

PROVINCE OF NEW YORK.

Samuel Bovie

Benjamin Depue Egbert Brinck

Jan Ffreer

Cornelis Ten Broeck Johannis Wynkoope Junt Daniel De Bois

Danill Haasbrock Arent Ploegh

Samuel Schoonmaker Tjerck Schoonmaker Arie Oosterhout

Wessel Broadhead Simon Jacobs Van Wagenen Simon Van Wagenen Jacob Van Wagenen Egbert De Witt

David Burhance Edward Whittaker Jun Jacobus Schoonmaker Thomas Nottingham Abraham Van Wagenen Cornelis De Witt

Cornelis New Kerck Petrus Ten Broeck Abraham de Lamatre Wilhelmus Van Hooghtyling J* Joghem Schoonmaker Junt Wessel Jacobs Ten Broeck Jan Tuenis Oosterhout Martie Middagh Johannis Dubois Petrus Tappen Coenraedt Elmendorph Junt Abraham Hardenbergh Gysbert Hendk Krom Leonard Hardenbergh Cornelis New Kerek Jacob Rutsen Junt Harma Rosekrans Philip Dumon Lucius Elmendorph Abraham Kiersted James Scott William Krom Jun*

tot!! 60

os

ULSTER Al list of the foot Company of Militia of the Corpora-

COUNTY

Cap! John Persen

Lievte. Peter Oosterhout Ensign Edward Whittaker. Sarj2 Aarey Newkerk

Sarj Ned Devenport

Sarj* Jacobus Van Dyck Corp? Samuel Nights

Corp? Nathan Dubois

Corp? Solomon Freer

Dromer Andries Van Leven

ration of Kingston Under the Command of

Christian Myre William Legg Jacobus Debois Jn: Samuel Debois William Whittaker Jacobus Whittaker John Davenport Jnt Johanes Schram _ Corne Longing Dyck

Abr« Hardenberge

Samuel Wood Jacobus Roosa Coenradt Elmenderp Jacobus Persen Peter Van Leven Nemiah Debois Ricard Davenport Andris Hoof Phillip Hoof Hendricus Oosterhout Daniel Whittaker Samuel Davenport Cornelus Persen William Myre

Sarj* Jacobus Van Dyck Corp? Samuel Nights

Corp? Nathan Dubois

Corp? Solomon Freer

Dromer Andries Van Leven

ration of Kingston Under the Command of

Christian Myre William Legg Jacobus Debois Jn: Samuel Debois William Whittaker Jacobus Whittaker John Davenport Jnt Johanes Schram _ Corne Longing Dyck

Abr« Hardenberge

Samuel Wood Jacobus Roosa Coenradt Elmenderp Jacobus Persen Peter Van Leven Nemiah Debois Ricard Davenport Andris Hoof Phillip Hoof Hendricus Oosterhout Daniel Whittaker Samuel Davenport Cornelus Persen William Myre

;

Capt Tjrck Van Keuren Lievtent Abraham Low Ensign Dirck Winekoop Sergt William Swart Sergt Tobias Van Bueren Corp! Petrus Smedes Corp! Ephraim Dubois Corp! Marynis Van Aken Drom« Corn! Jansen Willem Eltinge

Peter Van Aken Thomas Beekman Cornelis Van Kueren Cornelis Sleght

David De Lametter Evert Bogardus

Nicolas Bogardus

Jan Heermans

ULSTER COUNTY

STATE OF THE

Anthony Sleght John Legg Jnt Humphy Devenport Mosas Youman Brure Decker John Decker Tobias Winekoop Johanes Humble Godfrey Woolf Jur Fredrick Row Michel Planck Jurian Tappen Robert Bever Totall 47

Al list of the foot Company of Militia of the Corporation Kinston. Under the Command -of Capt. Tjrck Van Keuren.

Teunis Van Steenbergh Abr Van Steenbergh. Hendrikus Slegh Johannis Dubois

Abr De Lametter Johans Ba: De Witt Hiskiah Dubois

Evert Winekoop Jur Tobias Van Steenbergh Jan Van Aken Johannis Chonsalisduek Jan Perse Jur

/Petrus Low

Isaac Van Wagenen Abr Van Kueren Gerett Freer

Corn! Perse

Robert Beever

PROVINCE OF NEW YORK.

Mooses Jorck Giedeon Van Aken Frans Hendrick Joseph Chonsalisduck Thimoteos Van Steenbergh Jacobus De Ioo Dirck Teerpen

Under the Command -of Capt. Tjrck Van Keuren.

Teunis Van Steenbergh Abr Van Steenbergh. Hendrikus Slegh Johannis Dubois

Abr De Lametter Johans Ba: De Witt Hiskiah Dubois

Evert Winekoop Jur Tobias Van Steenbergh Jan Van Aken Johannis Chonsalisduek Jan Perse Jur

/Petrus Low

Isaac Van Wagenen Abr Van Kueren Gerett Freer

Corn! Perse

Robert Beever

PROVINCE OF NEW YORK.

Mooses Jorck Giedeon Van Aken Frans Hendrick Joseph Chonsalisduck Thimoteos Van Steenbergh Jacobus De Ioo Dirck Teerpen

Maas Bloemendal] Jacob Turck

Jacobus Eltinge

Jan Lome

Johannis Felter

Jame Letsin

Peter Vanderline Petrus Eltinge

Corn! De Lametter Jut Abr® Lome Ju Jacobus Van Kueren Willem Krom

Petrus Van Aken William Deen

Dirck Yan Vleet Ju: Benjamin Van Vleet Johannis Van Vlect--tot" 60.

ULSTER COUNTY 4 List of the foot Company of Militia of the Corporation of Kingston under the Command of

Capt Tjrck Dewitt Left Petrus Bogardus Insi Igenas Dumont Serjt Jury Snyder Serjt William Wells Serjt Petrus Viele Corp? Lukas Dewitt Corp°® Peter Dumont Corp® Wilhelmus Hoghteling Clark Jarman Pick Phillip Viele Jur Sam!! Wells

Corne Viele

Corn® Marston

John Masten

Gerritt Viele Jacobus Dumond Benj? Marten

John Maclene Antony Hoffman Hendr Vankuren Teunis Ploegh

@

Zacryas Hoffman Jur Petrus Edmundus Elmendorp Lenard Hardenbergh Jacob Hardenbergh Peter Leebonte Dirck Shepmoes Johanes Viele Gerritt Van Steenbergh Corn® Van Kuren Jut Johanis Masten

John Waters

Henry Ellis

Jacob Mauris

Isaac Wheeler Hump» Davenport Peter Burgar

Isaac Dubois

Johan' Shepmoes' Gerrett Davenport Art Masten

Coenr? Vanburen Albert Beein

230. STATE OF THE

Dirck Teerpening Christan Derick Jacobus Deyoe Fredrick Row Johans Degrave Tobias Winekoop Corne Vankuren William Bell Jacobus Vanetten Arie Delonga Maitys Merkell Corn® Vandenbergh Hendrick Vreligh Johan' Hoghteling | Coenrad Rechtmire Jacob Dubois Jur Heskia Winekoop Tot! 61.

Zacryas Hoffman Jur Petrus Edmundus Elmendorp Lenard Hardenbergh Jacob Hardenbergh Peter Leebonte Dirck Shepmoes Johanes Viele Gerritt Van Steenbergh Corn® Van Kuren Jut Johanis Masten

John Waters

Henry Ellis

Jacob Mauris

Isaac Wheeler Hump» Davenport Peter Burgar

Isaac Dubois

Johan' Shepmoes' Gerrett Davenport Art Masten

Coenr? Vanburen Albert Beein

230. STATE OF THE

Dirck Teerpening Christan Derick Jacobus Deyoe Fredrick Row Johans Degrave Tobias Winekoop Corne Vankuren William Bell Jacobus Vanetten Arie Delonga Maitys Merkell Corn® Vandenbergh Hendrick Vreligh Johan' Hoghteling | Coenrad Rechtmire Jacob Dubois Jur Heskia Winekoop Tot! 61.

ny

o

ULSTER COUNTY .A'List of the foot Company of Militia of the Corporation of Kingston under the Command of

Capt Hendrick H. Schoonmaker Jacob Brinck

Leut: John Sleght Lawrens Swart

Insjn Lawrens Van Gaashbeck Abr2 Post +

Sarj: Edward Wood Abr* Oosterhout

Sarj: Dirck Van Vleet Jan Woolf

Sarj: Jacobus De Lametter Johannis Burhans

Corp°® Teunis Swart Marta Snyder

Corp? Johanas Snyder - Zachary Backer

Corpe William Oosterhout Lawrence Salisbury Ciark Benjamin Sleght Johannis Burhans Jn« John Ploegh Poules Pelen

Peter Winne Bowdewine Vanderlip Heskiah Schoonmaker Teunis Van Bunschote Teunis A. Swar _ Wilhelmus Demyer Aarent Ploegh Jacobus Van Steenbergh John Wittaker Hendricus Ploegh Jnt Abr2 Burhans Hend Krynse Oosterhout Cryn Oosterhout Petrus Krynse Oosterhout Jan Peterse Oosterhout Hendricus Ploegh Aares Van Steenbergh Abr? Davenport

Teunis Oosterhout Petrus Oosterhout

Jan Krinse Oosterhout Corn Swart

Hendrick Brinck Grieg Magriegere--tot!! 46.

PROVINCE OF NEW YORK.

ULSTER COUNTY. 4 List of the foot Company of Militia of marbletown under the Command of Capt. Daniel Brodhead.

Peter Winne Bowdewine Vanderlip Heskiah Schoonmaker Teunis Van Bunschote Teunis A. Swar _ Wilhelmus Demyer Aarent Ploegh Jacobus Van Steenbergh John Wittaker Hendricus Ploegh Jnt Abr2 Burhans Hend Krynse Oosterhout Cryn Oosterhout Petrus Krynse Oosterhout Jan Peterse Oosterhout Hendricus Ploegh Aares Van Steenbergh Abr? Davenport

Teunis Oosterhout Petrus Oosterhout

Jan Krinse Oosterhout Corn Swart

Hendrick Brinck Grieg Magriegere--tot!! 46.

PROVINCE OF NEW YORK.

ULSTER COUNTY. 4 List of the foot Company of Militia of marbletown under the Command of Capt. Daniel Brodhead.

Capt Daniel Brodhead Lievt John Dewitt Ensign John Brodhead Serjeant Martin Bogart Serjeant Jacobus Bush Serjeant Thomas Keator

Melgart Ketor

Thos Vandermark Augustinus Ketor Hendrick Roosa Hend* Vandermarke Dirck Keyser

Corporal Cornelius Van Kampen Samuel Davis

Corporal Christopher Davis Corporal Jacob Keator Drummer Seter Vandenbergh Clerke Ric4 Pick

Lambert Brinck

- Johannes Van Luven Andreas Van Luven Frederick Davis Gysbt Roosa

Jan Roosa

Jacob Keyser Valentine Smith Tuenis Klarwater Johannes Bush James Robinson Mathew Algar James Algar Hartman Hine

~ Arien Vandermarke Jacob Vandermarke Jacob Middagh Jacobus Tack

Isaac Tack Johannes Jansen Dirck Bush

Samuel Cock Benj Davis Alexander Ennis Andrew Kernith Tsaac Van Kampe Samuel Mourits Johan' Thomas Moses Cantien Nicholas Keyser

~ William Hine

John Wood Johannes Elting Anthony Gerrits Corné Tack Jn* Henry Jansen

Thos Bush

Fred' Keator

Hend* Bush

John Price

Lambert Bush Moses Depuy

Johans Vandermarke Thoms Vandermarke Nicholas Vandermarke Arie Ketor

Thoms More

John Krom Henry Krom Jnr Robert Maginnis Lewis Bevier

STATE OF THE

Augus Vandemarke Ephaim Chambers Dirck Keyser Jnt Jacob Keyser Jnr

Samuel Cock Benj Davis Alexander Ennis Andrew Kernith Tsaac Van Kampe Samuel Mourits Johan' Thomas Moses Cantien Nicholas Keyser

~ William Hine

John Wood Johannes Elting Anthony Gerrits Corné Tack Jn* Henry Jansen

Thos Bush

Fred' Keator

Hend* Bush

John Price

Lambert Bush Moses Depuy

Johans Vandermarke Thoms Vandermarke Nicholas Vandermarke Arie Ketor

Thoms More

John Krom Henry Krom Jnr Robert Maginnis Lewis Bevier

STATE OF THE

Augus Vandemarke Ephaim Chambers Dirck Keyser Jnt Jacob Keyser Jnr

Johanas Kool Jacob Sleyter Andreas Conterman Nicholas Sleyter Henry Conterman Nich* Sleyter Jnt

Adam Hoffman Johannes. Depuy Hendricus Van Steenburgh Fred? Schoomker Abr Constaple Power Easel

Edward Robason John Smith--tot!! 89

Richard Lonsberry William Ennis

A LIST OF THE COMPANY OF MILITIA OF THE WALL A KILL UNDER THE COMMAND OF CAPT JOHN BYARD Mathew Young

John Andraws James McNeill

Capt John Byard Lievt William Berland _ Ensign William Keils

Serjt John Newkerk John McNeill

Corp? John Miller Andraw borland _ Lendert Coll John borland Cornelius Coll John McNeill Jur. Barnat Coll James Craford John Robeson John Craford James Glispy Alexander Milligan Thomas Glispy Nathaneill Hill John Willkine Alix4 kid

Wiliam Wilkins Archabald Hunter Andraw Graham James Hunter George Olloms John Wharrey John North Benj Hins John North Jur John Me Neill Senior Samuel North Mathew Prea James Young William Craford

Robert Young Robert hunter

James Munall Gors Monull John Munall William Monall Thomas Neils Robert Neils John Neils Mathew Neils Nathaneill jojter John Neily Jur Joseph butteltown Thomas Colman Joseph Shaw pathrick broodrick William Soutter John butfield John Mcve John Jones ' Joseph knap Tsakiah Gaill Celab knep Robert McCord William fallkne Ezrail Rodgr Jaremiah Rodgr James Rodgr James Whit John Manly francius walls Robert Hughy Robert banhanan James Egar

Wiliam Wilkins Archabald Hunter Andraw Graham James Hunter George Olloms John Wharrey John North Benj Hins John North Jur John Me Neill Senior Samuel North Mathew Prea James Young William Craford

Robert Young Robert hunter

James Munall Gors Monull John Munall William Monall Thomas Neils Robert Neils John Neils Mathew Neils Nathaneill jojter John Neily Jur Joseph butteltown Thomas Colman Joseph Shaw pathrick broodrick William Soutter John butfield John Mcve John Jones ' Joseph knap Tsakiah Gaill Celab knep Robert McCord William fallkne Ezrail Rodgr Jaremiah Rodgr James Rodgr James Whit John Manly francius walls Robert Hughy Robert banhanan James Egar

Thomas McCollom --

Sojornars Her John Haves M kam Clein Jury burger

PROVINCE OF NEW YORK.

Hugh flenign Benj? benot Patrick Mc peick John Eldoris Patrick Galasby John Lowry Samuel mith Jopth Teall James Craford Joseph Sutter David Cree Edward Andrews Samuel Crayford Endrew Doell Phillip Milsbugh Cronamas Mingus Stuffel Moll Hannas Crane John Yong Hendrick Newkerk Frederick Sanzabus Cornelius. walls Hendrick Crist Hunas Crist Lowrance Crist Mattys Milsbigh and his son

John Mings Stevanis Crist

* Jacob bush

Cronamas falter Richard Gatehouse John boyls

Richard boyls

John Jameson

John M¢Donall

James Davis--tot!! 114

234 . : STATE OF THE

COUNTY

Capt Cornelis Wine Coop Left Antonie Crispel Insin Abraham Ten Eyck Serje Hendrick Konstaple Corp! Solomon ter Willege Corp! Jacob Vanwagene Drom: Marynis Chambers Jan Van Duese Clarke

ULSTER 2 4 list of the foot Company of Militia of hurly under the Command of Capt. Cornelis Wine Coop.

John Mings Stevanis Crist

* Jacob bush

Cronamas falter Richard Gatehouse John boyls

Richard boyls

John Jameson

John M¢Donall

James Davis--tot!! 114

234 . : STATE OF THE

COUNTY

Capt Cornelis Wine Coop Left Antonie Crispel Insin Abraham Ten Eyck Serje Hendrick Konstaple Corp! Solomon ter Willege Corp! Jacob Vanwagene Drom: Marynis Chambers Jan Van Duese Clarke

ULSTER 2 4 list of the foot Company of Militia of hurly under the Command of Capt. Cornelis Wine Coop.

Nicolas Blansjan Lambert Brinck Tuenis Oostrander Jan Roosa Hendrick Oostrander Gerret Konstapel Johannis Crispel Johannis Suylandt Arie Van Etten Harmanus Oostrander Antonie Crispel Jur Johans Konstaple Andries Van Vliet Heyman Roosa

Jan A Roosa Gysbert Roosa Jur Jan Crispel Jur Dirck Roosa

Gerret Jeo Freer Ned Wieler

Edvart Chammers Daniel potter

Robert Wieler

- Wouter Sluyter

Evert Sluyter

Willem Smit

Gerret Van Wagenen

Johans Van Wagenen

Aert Van Wagenen

Matys Blansyan Jur

Simon Helm

Adam Sjeever

Jefta De Lange

Chrisstoffel Brosie

Mattheus Nieukerck

Benj« Nieukereck

Petrus Crispel

Jan Ja: Roosa

Abr Roosa

Nicolas Roosa

Benj? Claerwater

Jan ter Willege Jur

Jan Van Deuse Jur

Jan Brinck

Johannis Oostrander Jur

Willem Sluyter Jur

Hendrick Ja: Freer

Jan Waters

Albert Ja: Roosa

Willem Burhans

Jacop Clyn

Jacop Oostrander Tot!! 60.

Bins PROVINCE OF NEW YORK. 235

ULSTER it list of the foot Company of Militia of Rocester

COUNTY

Capt Cornelius Hoornbeck Lieut phillip Dubois Ensign Cornelius B : Low Serj? Johannis Hoornbeck Serj* John Wesbroeck Serj@ Harmanis Rosekrans Corp? Samuel Swarthout Corp® Tuenis Middagh Corp? Manuel Gonsalis

Jan Van Deuse Jur

Jan Brinck

Johannis Oostrander Jur

Willem Sluyter Jur

Hendrick Ja: Freer

Jan Waters

Albert Ja: Roosa

Willem Burhans

Jacop Clyn

Jacop Oostrander Tot!! 60.

Bins PROVINCE OF NEW YORK. 235

ULSTER it list of the foot Company of Militia of Rocester

COUNTY

Capt Cornelius Hoornbeck Lieut phillip Dubois Ensign Cornelius B : Low Serj? Johannis Hoornbeck Serj* John Wesbroeck Serj@ Harmanis Rosekrans Corp? Samuel Swarthout Corp® Tuenis Middagh Corp? Manuel Gonsalis

Arien Van Vliet John Schoonmaker Benj* van wagenen John Robeson John Hillmen Frans Kelder Jacob Kelder

' William Kelder

Felter Kelder

Jacobus Quick Jacobus Depue

Joh® Hendreickson Joh® Krom

Hendrick Krom Danie] Schoonmaker Jocham Fra: Schoonmaker Johannis Miller Josaphat Dubois

Jacob Vernoy

Tuenis Oosterhout Jur Kryn Oosterhout Nicholas Ketor

Petrus Oosterhout Hend® Oosterhout

under the Command of Capt. Cornelius Hoornbeck.

Jonathan Westbroeck Johannis Westbroeck Matheus Terwillige Nicklas Low

Abra Low

Cornelius Low

Jacobus Low

Johannis Oosterhout Jeremia Van Dermerke Jacob Dewitt Jut John Dewitt Cornelius Winekoop Jacobus Terwillige John Terwillige Benj Hoornbeck Dirck Hoornbeck Peter Westbroeck Tobias Hoornbeek Jacobus Hoornbeck Lowrence Cortreght Mathew Cortreght Peter Cortreght Hendrick Cortreght Johannis Ketor Isaac Van Aken Charles Danneson Richard Kittle Benj Roggers Wessel Vernoy Coenradt Vernoy Michel Helm Petrus Low

Lawies Bovier Jur Cornelius Bovier

Samuel Bovier Jut Jacob Bovier Manuel Gonsalis Jw Jacob Middagh Abr® Middagh Isaac Middagh Johannis Middagh

STATE OF THE

Janies Simson

Jacob. Vandermarke Geradus Van Inwegen: Benj? Coddebeck William Coddebeck Abr® Coddebeck

Peter Jemare--totall 81.

ULSTER e list of the foot Company of Militia of the Pals

Johannis Oosterhout Jeremia Van Dermerke Jacob Dewitt Jut John Dewitt Cornelius Winekoop Jacobus Terwillige John Terwillige Benj Hoornbeck Dirck Hoornbeck Peter Westbroeck Tobias Hoornbeek Jacobus Hoornbeck Lowrence Cortreght Mathew Cortreght Peter Cortreght Hendrick Cortreght Johannis Ketor Isaac Van Aken Charles Danneson Richard Kittle Benj Roggers Wessel Vernoy Coenradt Vernoy Michel Helm Petrus Low

Lawies Bovier Jur Cornelius Bovier

Samuel Bovier Jut Jacob Bovier Manuel Gonsalis Jw Jacob Middagh Abr® Middagh Isaac Middagh Johannis Middagh

STATE OF THE

Janies Simson

Jacob. Vandermarke Geradus Van Inwegen: Benj? Coddebeck William Coddebeck Abr® Coddebeck

Peter Jemare--totall 81.

ULSTER e list of the foot Company of Militia of the Pals

COUNTY

Capt Zacharias Hoffman Lievt Benjamin Smedes Jur Ensign Zacharias Hoffman Jur Serjs John teer penning Serj' John Freer

Serjs Evert Terwillege Corpe Christian Dujo Corpe Hendrick Dujo Corp? Isaac Lefever Isaac freer

Tuenis Terpening

Jan Une

Jonas freer

James Agmodt

Simon Lefever

Petrus Low

Johannis Low

Josia Elting

Abr? Dujo

Cornelius Dubois Jonathan Dubois

Hendr Dubois

Mosis Dujo

August® Van Dermerke Jacob Ge: Decker James Pinnick

e

under the Command of Capt. Zacharias Hoffman.

Daniel Winfiel Manewel ter Willige Johannes Terwilige Hendrick Decker Petrus Terwillige Thoms Janson Jur William Rosekrans Josua Smedes Gerett Ja: Decker Stevanis Swart John Robertse Andrew Grames Rober Greams John Blake

James Jonston Salamon Isrel Samuel Sampson Roger blamles Richard Davis Lawrence Eldorp Tomas Maccoun John Andrew Arie Terwillege William Schoot Cornelius bruyn William Ja: Decker

PROVINCE OF NEW YORK.

Jacob Ja: Decker Abr@ Ja: Decker Isaac Ja: Decker Benj Ja: Decker Jacob He: Decker Abr* He: Decker Abr* Terwillige Isaac Terwillige Evert Terwillige Jut Corn' Schoonmaker Jut Corns Cool

Daniel Winfiel Manewel ter Willige Johannes Terwilige Hendrick Decker Petrus Terwillige Thoms Janson Jur William Rosekrans Josua Smedes Gerett Ja: Decker Stevanis Swart John Robertse Andrew Grames Rober Greams John Blake

James Jonston Salamon Isrel Samuel Sampson Roger blamles Richard Davis Lawrence Eldorp Tomas Maccoun John Andrew Arie Terwillege William Schoot Cornelius bruyn William Ja: Decker

PROVINCE OF NEW YORK.

Jacob Ja: Decker Abr@ Ja: Decker Isaac Ja: Decker Benj Ja: Decker Jacob He: Decker Abr* He: Decker Abr* Terwillige Isaac Terwillige Evert Terwillige Jut Corn' Schoonmaker Jut Corns Cool

Johannis Cool

Lowis Pontenere John Gream

William Weller Hendrick Weller Isaac Haasbroeck Jacob Haasbroeck Ju Benj Haasbroock Jur Zacharias klarwater Abr?® Bovier

COUNTY | Eyjison.

ULSTER Capt Thomas Ellison Liev George Harrison Ensign John Young Serjent David Davis

. Serjent Patrick McCloghry.

Serjent Mosas Garitson Corp? Jacobus Bruyn Jnt Corp® James Stringham Corp? Jonathan Hazzard Clark Charles Clinton John Umphrey

va

Mathues Bovier Jacobus Bovier Isaac Bovier

Abr? Lefever Nathael Lefever Benj? Haasbroeck Symon Dubois Isaac Lefever Jut Peter De: jo

Huge Freer Jur Hendrick Van Wijak Abra Vandermerke Lewis Sa: Bovier William Armstrong Robert Jong Mathew Jong Robert Cain Robert Hanne John Magdonel John Jemson

Johannes Masseker---totl! 94

Jl list of the foot Company of Militia of the presenk. of the Higland Under the Command-of Capt. Thos.

Jame Gamble John Gamble Cornelius M°Clean John Umphry Jn? James Umphry Peter Mulinder Robert Burnet Archibald Beaty Arthar Beaty David Olliver Mathew Davis

Alexander Falls David Bedford William Coleman Joseph Sweezer Thomas Coleman John McVey John J. ones Patrick Broderick Joseph Shaw Calab Curtis William Sutten Jeremiah Foster Charles Beaty Amas Foster

Huge Freer Jur Hendrick Van Wijak Abra Vandermerke Lewis Sa: Bovier William Armstrong Robert Jong Mathew Jong Robert Cain Robert Hanne John Magdonel John Jemson

Johannes Masseker---totl! 94

Jl list of the foot Company of Militia of the presenk. of the Higland Under the Command-of Capt. Thos.

Jame Gamble John Gamble Cornelius M°Clean John Umphry Jn? James Umphry Peter Mulinder Robert Burnet Archibald Beaty Arthar Beaty David Olliver Mathew Davis

Alexander Falls David Bedford William Coleman Joseph Sweezer Thomas Coleman John McVey John J. ones Patrick Broderick Joseph Shaw Calab Curtis William Sutten Jeremiah Foster Charles Beaty Amas Foster

Alexander Denniston

James Young James Nealy Robert Feef Joseph Butterton Samuell Luekey John Markham John Read

Jeseph M¢Mikhill David Umphrey Johannis George Jeremiah Tomkins Isaac Tomkins William Watts Josiah Elsworth James Elsworth Anthony Preslaer Jonathan Tomkins

STATE OF THE

John Nicoll Jnt Alexander McKey Robert Sparks Jevriah Quick Thomas Quick Jacob Gillis Joseph Simson James Clark

John Clark Lodewick Miller Peter Miller George Waygant William Ward William Ward Jnr John Mattys Kimbergh William Smith Jnr James Edmeston

' Tobias Waygate

Jerry Mause Thomas Johnston Casparis Stymas John Monger James Luekey Thomas Williams Robert Banker Thomas Fear Frederick Painter Mosas Elsworth John Marie Jonathan Owens Andrew McDowell

Danie] Coleman--Tot. 86

PROVINCE OF NEW YORK.>

LIST OF OFFICERS

CIVIL AND MILITARY FOR RICHMOND COUNTY.

Judges of the Court of Common Pleas.

John Le Conte Judge

Christian Corsen Second Judge

Gozen Adrianz Third Judge

Justices of the Peace.

* Nicholas Britton

* Richard Stilwell

John Clark Lodewick Miller Peter Miller George Waygant William Ward William Ward Jnr John Mattys Kimbergh William Smith Jnr James Edmeston

' Tobias Waygate

Jerry Mause Thomas Johnston Casparis Stymas John Monger James Luekey Thomas Williams Robert Banker Thomas Fear Frederick Painter Mosas Elsworth John Marie Jonathan Owens Andrew McDowell

Danie] Coleman--Tot. 86

PROVINCE OF NEW YORK.>

LIST OF OFFICERS

CIVIL AND MILITARY FOR RICHMOND COUNTY.

Judges of the Court of Common Pleas.

John Le Conte Judge

Christian Corsen Second Judge

Gozen Adrianz Third Judge

Justices of the Peace.

* Nicholas Britton

* Richard Stilwell

* Joseph Bedell

* John Veghte

_* Rem Vander Beek

* John La Tourrette

* Thomas Billopp Corneillius Corsen Joshua Mersereau Abraham Cole Barent Martling

Those marked thus (*) are of the Quorum.

Nicholas Larzelere Sheriff John Hillyer Coroner Daniel Corsen Clarke

Military Officers. Jacob Corsen Colonel Christian Corsen Lieut. Col Thomas Billopp Major

For the North Division. John Veghte Captain Frederick Berge Lieutt Jacob Corsen Jn' Ensign

For the S°th Division. Corneillius Stouthoff Capt Jacob Berge Lieutefhant Aris Rvertse Ensign

For the West Division. Nathaniel Britten Capt - Matthias Johnson Lieutt Abraham Maney Ensign

For the Troop. Peter Perrin Captain Gerrett Crosse Lieut Wynant Wynants Cornet Daniel Wynants Quarter Master

240 me STATE OF THE

ANSWER TO FOUR QUERIES REFERR'D BY HIS HONOUR THE EIEUT. GOVERNOUR & COUNCILL OF

THE PROVINCE OF NEW YCRK TO THE COMMISSIONERS OF INDIAN

AFFAIRS.

14. The Six Nations of Indians including the River & Schaachkook Indians are about 1500 fighting men of which number } part Incline to French Interest. Being partly overaw'd by fear, The French have their interpreter continually among the Sinnekes who has a great Influence over them & they often send messengers with presents to the Six -Nations.

ANSWER TO FOUR QUERIES REFERR'D BY HIS HONOUR THE EIEUT. GOVERNOUR & COUNCILL OF

THE PROVINCE OF NEW YCRK TO THE COMMISSIONERS OF INDIAN

AFFAIRS.

14. The Six Nations of Indians including the River & Schaachkook Indians are about 1500 fighting men of which number } part Incline to French Interest. Being partly overaw'd by fear, The French have their interpreter continually among the Sinnekes who has a great Influence over them & they often send messengers with presents to the Six -Nations.

15. The Indians living near about Montreal & Quebeck are about 1000 fighting men besides a Vast number of other Foreign nations amongst whom the French have Sixteen Fortifications and Settlements :

16. The Fvench Europeans settled on the River St. Lawrence in Canada consisting of the three Goverments of Quebeck, Montrea] and the three Rivers are about Ten thousand Fighting men Including Thirty Two Companys of Regular Forces.

Spaniards none.

17. The Metropolis of New France is Quebeck a well Fortified Town being inclosed in a very strong wall & has a Strong Fort scituated on a Rock, being the sea Port on the North side of River St. Lawrence. About Sixty Leagues S* West thereof is Montreal on the same side of the River which is regularry fortify'd & Surrounded with a strong stone wall, having Batteries within & a Large Trench round the North, East & West Sides thereof & to the South is the River. )

About Seven Leagues South from Montreal is a Village called Chambley scituated ona River running out of Corlaers Lake which is by the French called Champlain, & emptys it self into the River St. Lawrence at Soreil there is a good Strong Stone Fort at the side of the River at the upper end of a Bason.

About Sixty Leagues S* West thereof is Montreal on the same side of the River which is regularry fortify'd & Surrounded with a strong stone wall, having Batteries within & a Large Trench round the North, East & West Sides thereof & to the South is the River. )

About Seven Leagues South from Montreal is a Village called Chambley scituated ona River running out of Corlaers Lake which is by the French called Champlain, & emptys it self into the River St. Lawrence at Soreil there is a good Strong Stone Fort at the side of the River at the upper end of a Bason.

The French have also a very Strong Fort to the west of Crown point, at the side & South east end of Corlaer's Lake beforementioned called by the French La pointe au la Chevleures, about Seventy miles to the Northward of our farthest Settlements, built in the year 1736 for a retreat when the French at any time

PROVINCE OF NEW YORK 241

should come to disturb or Annoy our Frontiers, either in our

Province or New England. This Fort is scituated on a Rock having a very Strong Cittadel Arch'd with Stone three Storys

high, the wall thereof is about Seven feet thick, it commands the

Entrance into the Lake beforementioned from the Southward & has

four Regular Bastions, to the Southward is a Large plain. They

Likewise by that means Extend their Limitts, having encroached

upon Land belonging to his Majesty.

They have also aStrong Fort at Cadaruchque at the North East End of the Lake Ontario which emptys it self in the River St. Lawrence, made there not only in order to entice the Six Nations of Indians to their Interest & to have an awe over them, but also for a retreat to the French when at any time they should attack or Annoy the Six Nations & likewise to prevent the said Six Nations from going to Canada in time of War.

They have also aStrong Fort at Cadaruchque at the North East End of the Lake Ontario which emptys it self in the River St. Lawrence, made there not only in order to entice the Six Nations of Indians to their Interest & to have an awe over them, but also for a retreat to the French when at any time they should attack or Annoy the Six Nations & likewise to prevent the said Six Nations from going to Canada in time of War.

They have also a strong Fortification at Niagara which is at the South west end of Cadaruchque Lake, below the falls of that name about three Leagues, where there is a Carrying place, it borders near the Six Nations which in a great Measure commands the Indian Trade the' Westward & overawe the Sinnekes.

They have severall Settlements & Forts as above observed of Less note among the Upper Nations of Indians on the chief passages as the Indians come from their hunting in order to Intercept the Furr Trade & to keep an awe & command over them.

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They have severall Settlements & Forts as above observed of Less note among the Upper Nations of Indians on the chief passages as the Indians come from their hunting in order to Intercept the Furr Trade & to keep an awe & command over them.

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REASONS

IN SUPPORT OF

TRIENNIAL ELECTIONS

IN THE

PROVINCE OF NEW YORK:

KING'S VETO ON THE TRIENNIAL ACT.

1738.

*,* Previous to the year 1743 there was no limit prescribed by Statute to the continuance in office of Members of Assembly in the Province of New York. It was held to belong to the Royal Prerogative to dissolve the Legislature and to order anew election. The consequence was, that the existence of the Assembly generally depended on its subserviency to the local Governor and a new appeal to the People was made, for the most part, only when the popular branch quarrelled with the Executive. Sometimes only a few months intervened between general elections ; sometimes a year, but usually a general election came about biennially, until the administration of Gov. Hunter, when the Assembly elected in 1716 continued its functions until 1726--a period of ten years and two months.

The consequence was, that the existence of the Assembly generally depended on its subserviency to the local Governor and a new appeal to the People was made, for the most part, only when the popular branch quarrelled with the Executive. Sometimes only a few months intervened between general elections ; sometimes a year, but usually a general election came about biennially, until the administration of Gov. Hunter, when the Assembly elected in 1716 continued its functions until 1726--a period of ten years and two months. The elections for representatives after this happened, from divers disturbing causes, to be annual until Gov. Cosby's administration, when the Assemblyagain assumed a protracted existence of nine years, vizt: from 1728 to 1737. The leaders in the popular branch seeing this tendency to abuse, by the removal of the representatives from all responsibility to their constituents, determined to remedy the evil, and passed a bill in the session of 1734, declaring that no Assembly should continue more than Three Years. The Council, however, did not act upon it, and when the Legislature again met in October of the same year, the Assembly sent to enquire what had been done with their Bill of the spring. It was, thereupon, taken up and amended by the Council, but as the Assembly refused to concur in these amendments, it was lost, for the Conncil refused to recede from their position. The Assembly, now (Nov. 28), sent an address to the Governor requesting that they may be dissolved, to which Cosby replied, that as it was a part of the prerogative to convéne and dissolve them at pleasure, he was determined to act in the premises as he thought proper, and not as they desired, and in this state of things the session was prorogued. Shortl y after the meeting of the Legislature in the following year, a petition was presented (Noy. 4, 1785) to the House from the citizens of New York, complaining of the long continuance of the same set of representatives, and praying a dissolution.

The Assembly, now (Nov. 28), sent an address to the Governor requesting that they may be dissolved, to which Cosby replied, that as it was a part of the prerogative to convéne and dissolve them at pleasure, he was determined to act in the premises as he thought proper, and not as they desired, and in this state of things the session was prorogued. Shortl y after the meeting of the Legislature in the following year, a petition was presented (Noy. 4, 1785) to the House from the citizens of New York, complaining of the long continuance of the same set of representatives, and praying a dissolution. This petition was sent to Gov. Cosby, who again refused compliance, and he died, in March, 1736, 'almost universally detested," says Smith. In April, 1787, the Triennial Bill was again introduced, but it did not reach a third reading, as the House was dissolved, to the great gratification of the people, on the 3d May, 1737, after its nine years' existence. One of the first measures introduced in the new House (June 16), was the Bill for the frequent election of Representatives. It was soon passed, together with an address to Lt. Gov. Clarke (to be found at length on the Journals), urging on him by strong and unanswerable arguments, the necessity of such a reform. His Honor returned a favorable answer, and in'compliance, as it were, with his disposition, the Council concurred, and the Bill received the Lieutenant Governor's sanction on the 16th Dec. 1737. Before the Assembly adjourned, they requested Clarke to use his utmost endeavors to obtain his Majesty's assent to the Bill. It was sent to England early in the following year, when the Lieutenant Governor strongly recommended it to the favor of the King's Ministers, Some of the arguments in favor of the measure and its ultimate fate, are recorded in the follawing Documents, Ep.

His Honor returned a favorable answer, and in'compliance, as it were, with his disposition, the Council concurred, and the Bill received the Lieutenant Governor's sanction on the 16th Dec. 1737. Before the Assembly adjourned, they requested Clarke to use his utmost endeavors to obtain his Majesty's assent to the Bill. It was sent to England early in the following year, when the Lieutenant Governor strongly recommended it to the favor of the King's Ministers, Some of the arguments in favor of the measure and its ultimate fate, are recorded in the follawing Documents, Ep.

'

TRIENNIAL ELECTIONS, 1738.

Memorandum of some Grounds and Reasons to hope that his Majesty will be graciously pleased to grant his Royal Assent to the Act for ffrequent Election of Representatives lately passed in the General

Assembly of the Colony of New York.

That happy Union that is Established between the King and his People under the British Constitution, has so closely connected their Mutual Interests, that whatever tends to the advancement of the peace and prosperity of the People, it may be Humbly presumed will be a Good reason why it should meet with his Majestyes approbation and Encouragement, but it is Conceived that the passing that Law, will tend as much to Advance the Interest of his Majestyés Crown, as the welfare of His people if it be Considered that the Scituation of this Colony is in the very Heart of the British Dominions in America, that it Contains a passage from the Ocean almost all the way by water, to the most -- distant Nations of Indians, which lye Northward of the Bay of Mexico. It is near to Canada once the seat of a dangerous Enemy, and now its rival in the ffur trade, which is of so much Importance to Great Brittain that Pts in the neighborhood of a People Extremly Jealous of its Interests, and ever watchfull to seize on every Advantage for the Extension of their settlements

That happy Union that is Established between the King and his People under the British Constitution, has so closely connected their Mutual Interests, that whatever tends to the advancement of the peace and prosperity of the People, it may be Humbly presumed will be a Good reason why it should meet with his Majestyes approbation and Encouragement, but it is Conceived that the passing that Law, will tend as much to Advance the Interest of his Majestyés Crown, as the welfare of His people if it be Considered that the Scituation of this Colony is in the very Heart of the British Dominions in America, that it Contains a passage from the Ocean almost all the way by water, to the most -- distant Nations of Indians, which lye Northward of the Bay of Mexico. It is near to Canada once the seat of a dangerous Enemy, and now its rival in the ffur trade, which is of so much Importance to Great Brittain that Pts in the neighborhood of a People Extremly Jealous of its Interests, and ever watchfull to seize on every Advantage for the Extension of their settlements

upon the Lands undoubtedly belonging to the British Crown - (witness the late Settlements, of the ffrench at Crown Point, and Niagara, and thei late attemps to get a ffooting in the Cinekes Country). That a fatal blow will be given to this British Interest both in Europe and America, if this Country should ever fall into the hands of the ffrench, these and many other weighty considerations, makes the welfare & prosperity of this Colony, of the last Consequence to the Crown of Great Brittain, it is generally Acknowledged, that not one Plantation in America has greater Advantages than this with respect to the fertility of its

upon the Lands undoubtedly belonging to the British Crown - (witness the late Settlements, of the ffrench at Crown Point, and Niagara, and thei late attemps to get a ffooting in the Cinekes Country). That a fatal blow will be given to this British Interest both in Europe and America, if this Country should ever fall into the hands of the ffrench, these and many other weighty considerations, makes the welfare & prosperity of this Colony, of the last Consequence to the Crown of Great Brittain, it is generally Acknowledged, that not one Plantation in America has greater Advantages than this with respect to the fertility of its

246 TRIENNIAL ELECTIONS IN

Soil, healthfullness of its air and Commodiousness of its Scitu

ation for an Inland and foreign Trade and N avigation. Yet under these many Natural advantages, it is asad truth universally attested, That it has been for many years visibly Declining in its Husbandry, Navigation, Trade, Ship Building and other Manufactures, Advantagious to Great Brittain. It has been deserted by great numbers of its Sea men and other Inhabitants, who have been obliged to Seek their Bread in the neighbouring Colonies, while the Lands in the Country and the Houses in the City, have been seen to sink to near half their fformer Value, and its Navigation Almost wholy fallen into the hands of Strangers, and at the same time, universal Discontent ready to break out into publick Tumult and Disorder, and Extream poverty, have overspread the Country and threatened its utter ruin.

It has been deserted by great numbers of its Sea men and other Inhabitants, who have been obliged to Seek their Bread in the neighbouring Colonies, while the Lands in the Country and the Houses in the City, have been seen to sink to near half their fformer Value, and its Navigation Almost wholy fallen into the hands of Strangers, and at the same time, universal Discontent ready to break out into publick Tumult and Disorder, and Extream poverty, have overspread the Country and threatened its utter ruin.

This is, or very lately was, the Miserable Estate of this Colony, which rendered the Disolution of the last Assembly Necessary both for his Majesty's Honour and the Interest of the Country. And the present Assembly when chosen, being of Opinion that the present and past Miseries of this Country, were greatly owing to the want of the frequent election of Assemblys, they past the Law in Question, presuming that upon the weighty Reasons upon which it is founded, it would not fail of the Royal Assent. The Assembly observed, that the Great Declension of this Country in all its valuable Interests, had hapened during the Continuance of the Two last long Assemblies, while at the same time no visible Cause could be assigned, for it but what it was in the power of a ffree and ffrequent Representation of the People to prevent, Especially when at the same time, the neighbouring Colonies of the Masachusets Bay Connecticut and Rhode Island on the one hand, and Pensilvania on the other, were Increasing in People, flourishing in Trade, and abounding with Wealth and Contentment.

The Assembly observed, that the Great Declension of this Country in all its valuable Interests, had hapened during the Continuance of the Two last long Assemblies, while at the same time no visible Cause could be assigned, for it but what it was in the power of a ffree and ffrequent Representation of the People to prevent, Especially when at the same time, the neighbouring Colonies of the Masachusets Bay Connecticut and Rhode Island on the one hand, and Pensilvania on the other, were Increasing in People, flourishing in Trade, and abounding with Wealth and Contentment.

The Assembly Observed that those Colonies have the Annual Choice of their Representatives, by which General Grievances are either happily Prevented, or always Speedily redressed while by Experience they have found, that the long Continuance of Assemblies in this Colony, had an unhappy Tendency to Intro-

THE PROVINCE OF NEW YORK. sas

duce Grievances, and Establish them as an Insupportable Burthen upon the People. They observed that the long Continuance -of power in the same hands, had. always grown up into an oppressive Domination of a few men, which they found to have been the fruitfull Parent of all those Evils, under which this Country had Visibly Declined ; and which had in some late Instances Proved Exceeding Dangerous to the Peace of His Majesty's Government within this Colony.

These are the Reasons that Induced the Assembly with great Zeal and Unanimity to propose and pass that Law, as a most necessary Expedient, to retrieve the Peace and Promote the prosperity of this Miserable and Distressed Colony.

They observed that the long Continuance -of power in the same hands, had. always grown up into an oppressive Domination of a few men, which they found to have been the fruitfull Parent of all those Evils, under which this Country had Visibly Declined ; and which had in some late Instances Proved Exceeding Dangerous to the Peace of His Majesty's Government within this Colony.

These are the Reasons that Induced the Assembly with great Zeal and Unanimity to propose and pass that Law, as a most necessary Expedient, to retrieve the Peace and Promote the prosperity of this Miserable and Distressed Colony.

The Just representation of this matter to His Majisty, It's believed cannot fail of procuring his assent to this Law, which his People here have so much at heart. Tis not doubted but His Majisty will think it necessary for His Honor, that His Subjects here, should live as easy and as happy under His immediate Government as His Subjects are in the Neighbouring Colonies, under the Charters Granted by His Royal Predecessors. Tis verily believed, that nothing can have a more happy Tendency to Accomplish this, than the passing this law.

Tis Evident, that the Liberty Ease and Safety of the People in the Neighbouring Colonies, who Enjoy the Priviledge of Choosing their Assemblies yearly, is Attended with the most happy Consequences; this causes them to multiply Exceedingly, by their Natural Growth, and vast Additions from Protestant Countrys abroad, Whereas this Colony is but thinly Peopled, and more persons have Deserted it than have come to it for several years past. Those Colonies have been fflourishing in Trade, and Extending it abundantly while it has been miserably declining among us. Twill hardly be believed in England that those Goverments, have so much the Advantage of us, in the Value of their Lands, as they have, It being a truth Capable of the fullest proof, that the Lands in Connecticut, will sell for three times: the price of the Lands in New York, tho the Lands are Contiguous, and there is no Difference in the Soil, but what proceeds: meerly from the Partition line that.

Those Colonies have been fflourishing in Trade, and Extending it abundantly while it has been miserably declining among us. Twill hardly be believed in England that those Goverments, have so much the Advantage of us, in the Value of their Lands, as they have, It being a truth Capable of the fullest proof, that the Lands in Connecticut, will sell for three times: the price of the Lands in New York, tho the Lands are Contiguous, and there is no Difference in the Soil, but what proceeds: meerly from the Partition line that. Divides it. This Country has an Advantage for Ship Building, raising of Hemp, making,

248 TRIENNIAL ELECTIONS IN

of Iron and other Naval Stores, beyond any of the Plantations in America. Yet it is evident, that under the Ease and Safety of the Charter Goverments, Secured Chiefly by their Annual Assemblys These Colonies have flourished to a great Degree in those usefull Manufactures, so Advantagious to the Trade and Safety of Great Britain, while this Colony has been under such Discouragements, as to have done little or nothing in these Manufactures, but has seen the Iron Ore carried from hence, to be worked up at about 200 miles Distance in New England, tho with Respect to Wood and Water, this Country has as good or better Conveniences than that. the vast Number of People Inhabiting the New England Colonies, the sudden and prodigious growth of Pensilvania, with their Annual Assemblies while the finist Colony lying between them, under the Kings Immediate Goverment, that has been as long Settled as either of them, is Empty of People poor and Starving, is generally believed to be chiefly owing to those Mischiefs, which have arose from the want of a frequent Election of Assemblies, and the passing of this Law, will Doubtless Tend to the Multiplying of our People, the Extension of our ffrontiers, the promoting of the fur Trade, and making this Colony a strong Barrier against the ffrench, and Consequently the Bulwark and Safety of British Interests in America.

Yet it is evident, that under the Ease and Safety of the Charter Goverments, Secured Chiefly by their Annual Assemblys These Colonies have flourished to a great Degree in those usefull Manufactures, so Advantagious to the Trade and Safety of Great Britain, while this Colony has been under such Discouragements, as to have done little or nothing in these Manufactures, but has seen the Iron Ore carried from hence, to be worked up at about 200 miles Distance in New England, tho with Respect to Wood and Water, this Country has as good or better Conveniences than that. the vast Number of People Inhabiting the New England Colonies, the sudden and prodigious growth of Pensilvania, with their Annual Assemblies while the finist Colony lying between them, under the Kings Immediate Goverment, that has been as long Settled as either of them, is Empty of People poor and Starving, is generally believed to be chiefly owing to those Mischiefs, which have arose from the want of a frequent Election of Assemblies, and the passing of this Law, will Doubtless Tend to the Multiplying of our People, the Extension of our ffrontiers, the promoting of the fur Trade, and making this Colony a strong Barrier against the ffrench, and Consequently the Bulwark and Safety of British Interests in America. It will make this Colony of more Service to Great Britain, by a larger Consumption of its Commodities, by raising of Hemp and making of Iron, and other Naval Stores. It will raise a spirit of Industry among the People, and Extend our Trade, restore our Seamen and Navigation, and remove that Discontent, which has always Increased in proportion to the Age ' of Past Assemblies. It will raise the Honour of His Majestys immediate Government, as it will greatly advanée the happiness of His people, that live under it, and will make the Neighboring Colonies to set a less value upon their Charters.

It will make this Colony of more Service to Great Britain, by a larger Consumption of its Commodities, by raising of Hemp and making of Iron, and other Naval Stores. It will raise a spirit of Industry among the People, and Extend our Trade, restore our Seamen and Navigation, and remove that Discontent, which has always Increased in proportion to the Age ' of Past Assemblies. It will raise the Honour of His Majestys immediate Government, as it will greatly advanée the happiness of His people, that live under it, and will make the Neighboring Colonies to set a less value upon their Charters. It is a Privilege Enjoyed by the Provinces of New Hampshire and South Carolina Barbadoes Antigua and the Leward Islands under His Majestyes Immediate Government to have an Annual Election of Assemblies, and North Carolina Enjoys a Biennial Assembly, and it may be hoped that his Majesty will not deny to his Loyal Subjects in New York, what not only their pies and prosper-

THE PROVINCE OF NEW YORK 249

ity, but also the peace and Honour of His Goverment, the Interests of His Crown, and the Trade of Great Britain, and the Safety of the Neighbouring Colonies seems to render absolutely necessary.

Memoranpum of Some of the Reasons that may be oftered for obtaining his Majesties Royall Assent to the Act for frequent Election of Representatives.

First, For that its the Universal Opinion of the Inhabitants of this Colony that the Long Continuance of Assemblys has been one of the greatest Causes of the present Declining State of this Colony, which is such that while our Neighbours of Pensilvania on the one hand and of Connecticut, Rhode Island and Massachusets Bay and New Hampshire on the other Hand Do yearly greatly Encrease in numbers of People and the value of their Lands rise and their Trade flourishes, Yet this Colony which has much greater Natural advantages than any of them has for several years past decreased in numbers of People, Rents in the City of New York have generally fallen near one half, and the Lands of this Colony about one third part of the value which they have heretofore been at, Our seamen and Ship Carpenters have almost wholly deserted us, and our Navigation -is almost got into the Hands of Strangers to this Colony.

First, For that its the Universal Opinion of the Inhabitants of this Colony that the Long Continuance of Assemblys has been one of the greatest Causes of the present Declining State of this Colony, which is such that while our Neighbours of Pensilvania on the one hand and of Connecticut, Rhode Island and Massachusets Bay and New Hampshire on the other Hand Do yearly greatly Encrease in numbers of People and the value of their Lands rise and their Trade flourishes, Yet this Colony which has much greater Natural advantages than any of them has for several years past decreased in numbers of People, Rents in the City of New York have generally fallen near one half, and the Lands of this Colony about one third part of the value which they have heretofore been at, Our seamen and Ship Carpenters have almost wholly deserted us, and our Navigation -is almost got into the Hands of Strangers to this Colony. Long Assemblys are supposed to be one of the greatest Causes of this Bad State, by their not finding Remedies to prevent or put a stop to this declining State, by their Suffering the People long to Labour under Grievances, without obtaining or Endeavouring to obtain relief against them, In some Counties even their very Representatives have become themselves their greatest Grievance For while they have Suffered and Abetted a Governour in Tyrannizing over all they have become Deputy Tyrants in their Counties. They have often got into their Hands the Sole Recommendation of all Judges, Justices, Officers of the Militia, and other Officers in their Counties, those so recommended by them they Supported in those Offices tho' often unworthy of them, The hopes of being supported encouraged those officers to Despise and Oppress the People And thus a Gradation of

Long Assemblys are supposed to be one of the greatest Causes of this Bad State, by their not finding Remedies to prevent or put a stop to this declining State, by their Suffering the People long to Labour under Grievances, without obtaining or Endeavouring to obtain relief against them, In some Counties even their very Representatives have become themselves their greatest Grievance For while they have Suffered and Abetted a Governour in Tyrannizing over all they have become Deputy Tyrants in their Counties. They have often got into their Hands the Sole Recommendation of all Judges, Justices, Officers of the Militia, and other Officers in their Counties, those so recommended by them they Supported in those Offices tho' often unworthy of them, The hopes of being supported encouraged those officers to Despise and Oppress the People And thus a Gradation of

250 TRIENNIAL ELECTIONS IN

Tyrants has been often Established and Supported and the People left: Destitute of Relief against their Daily Insults and Injuries--Which with many other things too many to repeat with too much reason has induced many of the Inhabitants to think they had no Liberty at all nor property certain in this Colony, and that they had better to remove to the neighbouring Colonies of Hither Side where such Tyrannizing was fully prevented by a yearly Election of Representatives and where the. Liberties and Properties of the People are well preserved--aAnd its universally believed that a frequent Election of Representatives would have the like effect here, And that the Short duration of Assemblys will not only prevent the Representatives themselves from. Domineering in their Counties by Laying them under. a necessity to preserve the Affections of the People in order to preserve their power But will also give the People an Opportunity from time to time to Chuse such men as are Sensible of what Grievances they Labour under and as are Capable to obtain a Redress of them, and of what has Rendered or is like to render the Liberties and properties of the People precarious.

Domineering in their Counties by Laying them under. a necessity to preserve the Affections of the People in order to preserve their power But will also give the People an Opportunity from time to time to Chuse such men as are Sensible of what Grievances they Labour under and as are Capable to obtain a Redress of them, and of what has Rendered or is like to render the Liberties and properties of the People precarious. Secondly--The great Natural advantages which this Colony has beyond the neighbouring Colonies by its Furr Trade, Excel-. - lent Harbours, their nearness to the Sea, its Inland Navigation to & through every one of the Counties of this Colony and to and amongst the Indian Nations as far as the Banks of St Lawrence River and its Lakes and the fertile soil of this Colony, with -- the hopes that this Law often by, the people and. Assemblies in vain endeavoured for might at last be obtained, Tho' they have not been able to hinder this Colony from greatly Declining while its Neighbours with much less Natural Advantages are growing and flourishing Yet they have hitherto in great measure hindered its being intirely-deserted But should his Majestie deny his Royal Assent to this Law its to be feared That great numbers of the Inhabitants would forthwith provide to remove to the Neighbouring Colonies where they believe they are more Sure of protection for their Liberties and Properties This Colony which is the Barrier against the French for the other Colonies may thereby in time be Deserted, The French our Rivals in the ffur Trade will then get it intirely from us into their Hands

Assemblies in vain endeavoured for might at last be obtained, Tho' they have not been able to hinder this Colony from greatly Declining while its Neighbours with much less Natural Advantages are growing and flourishing Yet they have hitherto in great measure hindered its being intirely-deserted But should his Majestie deny his Royal Assent to this Law its to be feared That great numbers of the Inhabitants would forthwith provide to remove to the Neighbouring Colonies where they believe they are more Sure of protection for their Liberties and Properties This Colony which is the Barrier against the French for the other Colonies may thereby in time be Deserted, The French our Rivals in the ffur Trade will then get it intirely from us into their Hands

'

THE PROVINCE OF NEW YORK. 251

Great Britain will thereby lose the Exportation of Great Quantities of Strouds, Blankets and other Woollen Goods which the Indians now take in Exchange for their ffurs, and ffrance will acquire the furnishing of them with the Same, And also the manufacturing of the ffur and Skins got from the Indians in Exchange, and possibly this Colony may at last become possessed by the French as a Derelict (as parts of it on the Banks of St Lawrence and its Lakes already [are] Crown point and Neagara are Examples of this) and the other Colonies will by this means be exposed to their Insults & Even to"be Conquered by them And unless the Liberties and Properties of the People of this Colony are Secured by this Law its Conceived not only impossible for it to grow as Other the neighbouring Colonies but even to hinder the Inhabitants from greatly deserting it Thirdly--The neighbouring Colonies of Pensilvania on the one hand and of Connecticut, Rhode Island Massachusets Bay & New Hampshire on the other hand have the Priviledge of Annual Assemblies secured to them, By means of which any Grievance that Affects the People is their quickly removed Their Liberties and properties are by reasonable Laws protected and Enjoyed This Encourages their people to Industry and to the Extending their Trade This invites not only the people of this Colony to them but also great numbers from all Protestant Countries in Europe Whereas in this Colony for want of a speedy redress of Grievances and the Security*'of the Liberties and Properties of the People foreigners are discouraged to Come and Settle with us, and Discontents Do Sometimes arise amongst us toa very great Heighth, Insomuch that Insurrections have been often not without reason feared The precariousness of the Liberties and Properties of the People Curbs their Industry This Colony abounds with Iron Oar and with streams of Water and timber fitt for melting it and bringing it into Barrs, which are intirely neglected while our neighbours with less Convenience have got to a great heighth in that manufacture This Colony has plenty of Lands fitt for Hemp which lies neglected -while our neighbours have much improved in it That precariousness Cramps the minds of the People from thinking to Launch out into trade which has given other Colonies the oppor-

Great Britain will thereby lose the Exportation of Great Quantities of Strouds, Blankets and other Woollen Goods which the Indians now take in Exchange for their ffurs, and ffrance will acquire the furnishing of them with the Same, And also the manufacturing of the ffur and Skins got from the Indians in Exchange, and possibly this Colony may at last become possessed by the French as a Derelict (as parts of it on the Banks of St Lawrence and its Lakes already [are] Crown point and Neagara are Examples of this) and the other Colonies will by this means be exposed to their Insults & Even to"be Conquered by them And unless the Liberties and Properties of the People of this Colony are Secured by this Law its Conceived not only impossible for it to grow as Other the neighbouring Colonies but even to hinder the Inhabitants from greatly deserting it Thirdly--The neighbouring Colonies of Pensilvania on the one hand and of Connecticut, Rhode Island Massachusets Bay & New Hampshire on the other hand have the Priviledge of Annual Assemblies secured to them, By means of which any Grievance that Affects the People is their quickly removed Their Liberties and properties are by reasonable Laws protected and Enjoyed This Encourages their people to Industry and to the Extending their Trade This invites not only the people of this Colony to them but also great numbers from all Protestant Countries in Europe Whereas in this Colony for want of a speedy redress of Grievances and the Security*'of the Liberties and Properties of the People foreigners are discouraged to Come and Settle with us, and Discontents Do Sometimes arise amongst us toa very great Heighth, Insomuch that Insurrections have been often not without reason feared The precariousness of the Liberties and Properties of the People Curbs their Industry This Colony abounds with Iron Oar and with streams of Water and timber fitt for melting it and bringing it into Barrs, which are intirely neglected while our neighbours with less Convenience have got to a great heighth in that manufacture This Colony has plenty of Lands fitt for Hemp which lies neglected -while our neighbours have much improved in it That precariousness Cramps the minds of the People from thinking to Launch out into trade which has given other Colonies the oppor-

252 TRIENNIAL ELECTIONS IN

tunity to become almost our Sole Carriers, and should we Decrease in our Shipping as for some years past, they will soon be entirely so--

Fourthly,--If his Majestie will be graciously pleased to give his Assent to this Act its hoped and believed, that by means of it no great Grievance will remain long unredressed, That reasonable Laws will from time to time be made to secure the Liberties and Properties of the People. This will its hoped, soon invite Back our people that have deserted us--This will induce our neighbors to believe they can be as safe in their Liberties and properties and that they can live as happily under his Majesties immediate Government as under any of their Charter Governments, And when they are so Convinced Its not Doubted but that the Natural Advaritages which this has Beyond those Colonies will soon invite many of them to settle here and Encourage other Foreign Protestants to follow their example, By which our Indian Trade and the Settlement of this Colony may soon be greatly extended; Its probable the want of bringing this Colony into those Circumstances that has obstructed its being settled quite to and along the Banks of St Lawrence & its Lakes, and which has given the Opportunity to the French to make Sundry Settlements there which this Colony might have done, so that this Colony has but one single Settlement upon the Lakes-of St Lawrence, to witt, Oswego & no Settlement within one hundred & fifty milés thereof to support it. seraf

This will its hoped, soon invite Back our people that have deserted us--This will induce our neighbors to believe they can be as safe in their Liberties and properties and that they can live as happily under his Majesties immediate Government as under any of their Charter Governments, And when they are so Convinced Its not Doubted but that the Natural Advaritages which this has Beyond those Colonies will soon invite many of them to settle here and Encourage other Foreign Protestants to follow their example, By which our Indian Trade and the Settlement of this Colony may soon be greatly extended; Its probable the want of bringing this Colony into those Circumstances that has obstructed its being settled quite to and along the Banks of St Lawrence & its Lakes, and which has given the Opportunity to the French to make Sundry Settlements there which this Colony might have done, so that this Colony has but one single Settlement upon the Lakes-of St Lawrence, to witt, Oswego & no Settlement within one hundred & fifty milés thereof to support it. seraf

But its hoped that this may still be in great measure retrieved if this Colony be brought into the Circumstances aforesaid For this Colony by its safe and short navigation to Brittain and its safe, short and speedy Inland N avigation to the Indian Nations and Lakes of St Lawrence may be Enabled far to undersel the French amongst the Indians, and thereby Can in time cut them out of all that Trade, which now they will probably cut us out of, if this act should be Damned. ;

But its hoped that this may still be in great measure retrieved if this Colony be brought into the Circumstances aforesaid For this Colony by its safe and short navigation to Brittain and its safe, short and speedy Inland N avigation to the Indian Nations and Lakes of St Lawrence may be Enabled far to undersel the French amongst the Indians, and thereby Can in time cut them out of all that Trade, which now they will probably cut us out of, if this act should be Damned. ;

Fifthly--Should it be objected by Enemies to the being of 'this Colony, That tho' our Neighboring Colonies of both Sides have Annual Elections, yet they are Charter Governments and why should the Kings Government follow their Example, Answer, Its Derogatory to his Majisties goodness and Honour to

THE PROVINCE OF NEW YORK. 253

suppose that he would Deny any thing to the Colonies under his immediate Government that will tend to their well being and prosperity which this Act plainly will, and Does in those Colonies which Enjoy the Benefit of it, On the Contrary it would Greatly tend to his Majesties Honour and Interest that the Colonies under his Immediate Government had their Liberties and Properties Even better Secured by Good Laws than in those Charter Governments. The Certain Consequence whereof would be That such Colonies under his Majisties immedtate Government would flourish more than the Charter Colonies now do. That would tend to make those Colonies indifferent as to their Charters and in time to give them up and to Chuse his Majesties immediate Government in the place thereof. Whereas while this Colony remains in its past uncertain State as to the Liberties and Properties of the People, Those neighboring Colonies get our people from us, and are taught by our Sufferings highly to value their Charters and to pity our Misfortunes.

The Certain Consequence whereof would be That such Colonies under his Majisties immedtate Government would flourish more than the Charter Colonies now do. That would tend to make those Colonies indifferent as to their Charters and in time to give them up and to Chuse his Majesties immediate Government in the place thereof. Whereas while this Colony remains in its past uncertain State as to the Liberties and Properties of the People, Those neighboring Colonies get our people from us, and are taught by our Sufferings highly to value their Charters and to pity our Misfortunes.

Sixthly--Its not Charter Governments only that have the priviledge of frequent Election of Representatives for their General Assembly,--For we are well assured that South Carolina and North Carolina have likewise that priviledge the first an Annual Election and the last a biennial, But as to them it may be said, they had those Priviledges while they were Charter Governments, Butas to that we are informed that Barbadoes--Antigua & the other Leward Islands never were Charter Governments and yet they have the Priviledge of an Annual Election Whether any and which of the other Colonies have such :priviledges we are unacquainted, But whither they have or not we Conceive is very Little to the Question, which we think is,

Whether as this Colony is Scituated betwixt Colonies on both Sides which have it. And as this Colony has greatly Suffered and now suffers thro' the want of it, It be possible for this Colony to preserve its inhabitants and to prosper, and to keep on a footing with the neighbouring Colonies without that priviledge which 'they'enjoy so much tending to their happyness, advantage and prosperity.

Sixthly--Its not Charter Governments only that have the priviledge of frequent Election of Representatives for their General Assembly,--For we are well assured that South Carolina and North Carolina have likewise that priviledge the first an Annual Election and the last a biennial, But as to them it may be said, they had those Priviledges while they were Charter Governments, Butas to that we are informed that Barbadoes--Antigua & the other Leward Islands never were Charter Governments and yet they have the Priviledge of an Annual Election Whether any and which of the other Colonies have such :priviledges we are unacquainted, But whither they have or not we Conceive is very Little to the Question, which we think is,

Whether as this Colony is Scituated betwixt Colonies on both Sides which have it. And as this Colony has greatly Suffered and now suffers thro' the want of it, It be possible for this Colony to preserve its inhabitants and to prosper, and to keep on a footing with the neighbouring Colonies without that priviledge which 'they'enjoy so much tending to their happyness, advantage and prosperity.

And whether the Declining State of this Colony thro' the want of that Law does not tend to the Loss of the Indian Trade,

254 TRIENNIAL ELECTIONS IN

to the Dispeopling of this Colony, to the Possessing of it by the French, and to the Loss of all the other Colonies in Consequence of it.

REPRESENTATION TO THE KING. Augt 10 1738. To the kings most Excellent Majesty May it please your Majesty

And as this Colony has greatly Suffered and now suffers thro' the want of it, It be possible for this Colony to preserve its inhabitants and to prosper, and to keep on a footing with the neighbouring Colonies without that priviledge which 'they'enjoy so much tending to their happyness, advantage and prosperity.

And whether the Declining State of this Colony thro' the want of that Law does not tend to the Loss of the Indian Trade,

254 TRIENNIAL ELECTIONS IN

to the Dispeopling of this Colony, to the Possessing of it by the French, and to the Loss of all the other Colonies in Consequence of it.

REPRESENTATION TO THE KING. Augt 10 1738. To the kings most Excellent Majesty May it please your Majesty

We have had under our consideration an act passed in your Majestys Province of New York in December 1737 intitled "An Act for the frequent elections of Representatives to serve in Gen! Assembly and for the frequent calling and meeting of the General Assembly so Elected."

We have likewise had the opinion of M* Fane one of your Majesty's Council at Law, and are of opinion with him that it is an Infringment of Your Majesty's Prerogative by taking away the undoubted Right which the Crown has always exercised by calling and continuing the assembly of this Colony at such times and as long as it was thought necessary for the publick service, and as no reason has appeared to us to require such an Innovation, we humbly lay the same before Your Majesty for ayeat Royal Disapprobation,

We have likewise had the opinion of M* Fane one of your Majesty's Council at Law, and are of opinion with him that it is an Infringment of Your Majesty's Prerogative by taking away the undoubted Right which the Crown has always exercised by calling and continuing the assembly of this Colony at such times and as long as it was thought necessary for the publick service, and as no reason has appeared to us to require such an Innovation, we humbly lay the same before Your Majesty for ayeat Royal Disapprobation,

Which is most humbly submitted R. PLumMer

M. Buapen Monson

. Ja. BRNDENELL Whitehall August 10th 1738

THE PROVINCE OF NEW-YORK. 25

VETO OF THE TRIENNIAL ACT. [Council Min. XVII.] At THE Court or Sr. Jamus's the 30th Noyt 1738. Present The Kines most Excettent Masesty. Arch Bishop of Canterbury Earl of Abercorne.

Lord Chancellor. Earl of Selkirk

Lord President. Lord Harvey.

Duke of Montagu. Lord Harrington

Ear] of Pembrooke. M' Speaker

Earl of Graintham. St Paul Methuen. Ear] of Cholmondley Horatio Walpole Esq'.

Wuereas by Commission under the Great Seal of Great Britain, the Governour Council and Assembly of His Majesty's Province of New-York, are Authorized and Impowered to make, Constitute and Ordain Laws, Statutes and Ordinances, for the Publick Peace, Welfare and Good Government of the said Province ; which Laws, Statutes and Ordinances are to be, as near as conveniently may be, agreeable to the Laws and Statutes of this Kingdom, and to be transmitted for His Majesty's Royal Approbation or Disallowance ; And Whereas in Pursuance of the said Powers, An Act was past in the said Province in Dec". 1737. Entitled

Wuereas by Commission under the Great Seal of Great Britain, the Governour Council and Assembly of His Majesty's Province of New-York, are Authorized and Impowered to make, Constitute and Ordain Laws, Statutes and Ordinances, for the Publick Peace, Welfare and Good Government of the said Province ; which Laws, Statutes and Ordinances are to be, as near as conveniently may be, agreeable to the Laws and Statutes of this Kingdom, and to be transmitted for His Majesty's Royal Approbation or Disallowance ; And Whereas in Pursuance of the said Powers, An Act was past in the said Province in Dec". 1737. Entitled

" An Act for the frequent Election of Representatives "to serve in General Assembly and for the "frequent calling and meeting of the General " Assembly so Elected."

Which act together with a Representation from the Lords Commissioners for Trade and Plantations proposing the Repeal thereof, having been referred to the Consideration of a Committee of the Lords of His Majesty's most Hon>le Privy Council

.for Plantation Affairs, The said Lords of the Committee did this day Report to His Majesty as their opinion, that the said Act | ought to be repealed :--His Majesty taking the same into his Royal Consideration, was pleased, with the advice of his Privy Council, to Declare his Disallowance of the said Act, and

256 TRIENNIAL ELECTIONS IN THE. PROVINCE OF NEW YORK.

pursuant to His Majesty's Royal Pleasure thereupon Exprest, the said act is hereby repealed, Declared void, and of none effect : Whereof the Governor or Commander in Chief of His Majesty's Province of New York for the time being, and all others whom it may concern, are to take Notice and Govern

.for Plantation Affairs, The said Lords of the Committee did this day Report to His Majesty as their opinion, that the said Act | ought to be repealed :--His Majesty taking the same into his Royal Consideration, was pleased, with the advice of his Privy Council, to Declare his Disallowance of the said Act, and

256 TRIENNIAL ELECTIONS IN THE. PROVINCE OF NEW YORK.

pursuant to His Majesty's Royal Pleasure thereupon Exprest, the said act is hereby repealed, Declared void, and of none effect : Whereof the Governor or Commander in Chief of His Majesty's Province of New York for the time being, and all others whom it may concern, are to take Notice and Govern

themselves accordingly Ja: Vernon,

Albany Octr 7th 1758.

Norr.--A Law, commonly called the Septennial act, was passed in 1743 , by which the continuance of the Provincial Assembly was limited to seven re This Act remained in force down to the Revolution---Ep.

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JOURNALS

Ok

Sir WM. JOHNSON'S SCOUTS.

1755, 1756.

Vou. Iv. 17

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A JOURNAL OF THE NEW HAMPSHIRE SCOUT

OF JEREE MEN SENT FROM LAKE GEORGE TO RECONOITRE FORT FREDERICK, OR CROWN POINT FORT THE NEW WORKS, AND ARMY THERE.

Set, forward in a Battoe from the Encampment, the 14th Sept-- at about 25 miles distance down the Lake, landed about day light, took the Battoe out & hid it, left two Men of Connecticut Forces there to watch the Battoe, & Provisions till our return-- Saw, that morning, Sundry Indian Canoes passing in the Lower part of the Lake. Went forward towards Crown Point.

OF JEREE MEN SENT FROM LAKE GEORGE TO RECONOITRE FORT FREDERICK, OR CROWN POINT FORT THE NEW WORKS, AND ARMY THERE.

Set, forward in a Battoe from the Encampment, the 14th Sept-- at about 25 miles distance down the Lake, landed about day light, took the Battoe out & hid it, left two Men of Connecticut Forces there to watch the Battoe, & Provisions till our return-- Saw, that morning, Sundry Indian Canoes passing in the Lower part of the Lake. Went forward towards Crown Point.

The 17th day, at evening discovered the wheat fields, & four houses, about 2 miles Southerly from Crown Point Fort. In the night went to the Intrenchment, made from the Fort, Encompassing a little Hill, the Trenches not finished, but reaches about thirty rods from the Fort. Which Intrenchment begins at the Southwest Corner of the Fort, & Trends Southwesterly, about two rods wide at the Fort, & widens to about 15, at the other End--went into the Trench, & spent the night, for discovery in & about there till morning, & then retired to a Mountain, about a Mile West from the Fort, where there was a Clear view of all the Fort and appurtenances--and saw an addition to the Fort, from the Northwest Corner, about 25 rods, which reached to the Water side, Inclosing some Buildings--many Tents set up in it. 'A Windmill about Sixty rods South of the Fort, in which Space many Tents were up--had a Clear discovery of the Fort, & appurtenances. The Soldiery were Mustered, & Exercised-- the whole of French, & Indians we Judged were near upon Five or Six hundred.

Which Intrenchment begins at the Southwest Corner of the Fort, & Trends Southwesterly, about two rods wide at the Fort, & widens to about 15, at the other End--went into the Trench, & spent the night, for discovery in & about there till morning, & then retired to a Mountain, about a Mile West from the Fort, where there was a Clear view of all the Fort and appurtenances--and saw an addition to the Fort, from the Northwest Corner, about 25 rods, which reached to the Water side, Inclosing some Buildings--many Tents set up in it. 'A Windmill about Sixty rods South of the Fort, in which Space many Tents were up--had a Clear discovery of the Fort, & appurtenances. The Soldiery were Mustered, & Exercised-- the whole of French, & Indians we Judged were near upon Five or Six hundred.

Their People, some few were at work at the Intrenchmen's seemed unconcerned--hunting Pidgeons &c. all round in the Wood. Some of which came within about fifteen rods of the Scout--We came off the Hill at night.

260 JOURNALS OF

19th, Set homeward, travelled to the Lake, about Six Miles from Tionduroque.

20th, Set up the Lake, to where we left the Battoe, found that, & the two Men (we left) were gone, and we set homeward. The 234 Jate at night arrived at the great Camp.

The land is Rough, and Mountainous from the Lower end of the Lake, to Crown Point. The distance about 20 miles. And we apprehend impracticable to git a feasable Road there--Which is the General Account of the discovereys we have made. And is humbly submitted by

20th, Set up the Lake, to where we left the Battoe, found that, & the two Men (we left) were gone, and we set homeward. The 234 Jate at night arrived at the great Camp.

The land is Rough, and Mountainous from the Lower end of the Lake, to Crown Point. The distance about 20 miles. And we apprehend impracticable to git a feasable Road there--Which is the General Account of the discovereys we have made. And is humbly submitted by

Your Honours Most Dutifull, and Obedient Servant Rozert Ropcers.

24% Sept 1755.

To the Hon>!e Joseph Blanchard Esq. Col? of the New Hampshire Regim! In the Expedition against Crown Point.

May it please your Honour

The foregoing is a Report of Capt Robert Rodgers, under your direction, sent with a party to Crown Point, to Reconoitre that Post. Which is humbly offered by Your

Most humble Servant

JosEpH BLANCHARD. Lake George 24' Septt 1755. To the Honble General Johnson.

A JOURNAL OF THE NEW HAMPSHIRE SCOUT.

OF FIVE MEN SENT FROM THE ENCAMPMENT AT LAKE GEORGE TO RECONOITRE THE ENCAMPMENT OF THE FRENCH AND INDIANS AT TORONDUROQUE.

Sept 27th. P.M. Set forward, in a Birch Canoe. Past that night Sundry Indian Fires (their Spyes) by the sides of the Lake. 'Put ashore about 7 miles from the Carrying place, left three with the Canoe--two went forward.

Early on the 28 about ten in the morning came in view of an Encampment at the lower end of the Lake, at the Carrying

OF FIVE MEN SENT FROM THE ENCAMPMENT AT LAKE GEORGE TO RECONOITRE THE ENCAMPMENT OF THE FRENCH AND INDIANS AT TORONDUROQUE.

Sept 27th. P.M. Set forward, in a Birch Canoe. Past that night Sundry Indian Fires (their Spyes) by the sides of the Lake. 'Put ashore about 7 miles from the Carrying place, left three with the Canoe--two went forward.

Early on the 28 about ten in the morning came in view of an Encampment at the lower end of the Lake, at the Carrying

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SIR WM. JOHNSON'S SCOUTS. 261 '

place, of about one thousand French and Indians--We Crawled thro' their Guards to within about thirty or forty rods of the Encampment.

There was no Fort nor Artillery there. We retired & went about one Mile & a half further, & discovered their Grand Encampment--Crept thro' their Guards to within about Sixty rods, found a Fort building there--discover'd a Number of Cannon Mounted--we had a Convenient Situation for a View, which we kept till toward night & by the appearance of the Tents & Troops, French & Indians we Judged likely to be about three thousand.

Their Situation Comands the passage at the Carrying place, & (we tho't) the passage down Champlain from Wood Creek to Crown Point.

Next day, the 29", returned to our Canoes & found a Large Indian Canoe had passed up the Lake with one Frenchman, & Nine Indians, who on their return we waylayed on a point of the Lake--they came in reach of our small arms, at whom we fired about Forty Guns. Disenabled or killed six of them, & Chased the remaining four, but at their Schrieks three Indian Canoes came to their relief which Prevented our bringing them in.

Next day, the 29", returned to our Canoes & found a Large Indian Canoe had passed up the Lake with one Frenchman, & Nine Indians, who on their return we waylayed on a point of the Lake--they came in reach of our small arms, at whom we fired about Forty Guns. Disenabled or killed six of them, & Chased the remaining four, but at their Schrieks three Indian Canoes came to their relief which Prevented our bringing them in.

Returned to our Camps that night. Which is the General in. formation we are able to give, & is humbly submitted by

Your Honours most Obedient Humble Servant Rozert Ropcers.

Sept 29t 1755.

To the Hon le Joseph Blanchard Esq. Cole of the New Hampshire Regt In the Expedition against Crown Point.

May it please your Honour

The foregoing is a report of Capt Robert Rodgers, under your Direction, sent with a party to Toronduroque to Reconoitre that post, which is humbly offered by

Your most humble servant -

JosErH BLANCHARD. Lake George 29" Sept 1755. To the Hon»!e General Johnson.

262 JOURNALS OF =

LIEUT. LORD'S REPORT Haid Quarters Camp Lake George October

A Return of the persedings of the Detaichment of men ordered on the Scout under the Comand of Philip Lord on Sunday the 4th of october we marched about Teen miles to the Eastward of this incampment and so sent oute parties of 4 and 5 men to the South Easte and North Easte and so Conteneued Begining as 'sun as it was Day Light for the Spase of 3 Days and Returned 'with oute making aney Discouerey of the Inemy.

A Return of the persedings of the Detaichment of men ordered on the Scout under the Comand of Philip Lord on Sunday the 4th of october we marched about Teen miles to the Eastward of this incampment and so sent oute parties of 4 and 5 men to the South Easte and North Easte and so Conteneued Begining as 'sun as it was Day Light for the Spase of 3 Days and Returned 'with oute making aney Discouerey of the Inemy.

Commander of Pui.ie Lox } the Detachmt.

To Honoble Gener! Jonson

CAPT. RODGERS' REPORT.

October the 7th 1755.

In the Evening Embarkt by order from the Camp at Lake George with a partey of aboute 50 men To make Descouery of the french at Atianderogoe & wee went by three or four fires & in sixteen miles sailing I mist one Batoe it being Dark Could Not find it went on with the Rest of the Command And aboute brake Day landed our Batoes on ye East side of y® Lake Georg within Twelve miles of the Caring Place at atenderrogo lay their that Day Made No Discouery the Eighth Day at Evening ; Landed our Batoes and Boare towards Tianderrogoe & Descouerd a fire on an Island put to land & sent of a burtch Cannoe to see whate was their They that was'on ye Island Descouerd ye Canmoe & Put oute their fires & as we supposed went of In their 'Cannoe then went Down with ye Party within aboute 7 miles of the Cereing place & landed on a point on ye west side of ye lacke George and Drewe up y® Batoes and secuered them ye 9th at morning sent off Capt Putnam with one man and Capt Hunt with 3 men more In order to goe to ye Carring Place and Tianderogoe and make Discouerys their & Returne to the Partey at

In the Evening Embarkt by order from the Camp at Lake George with a partey of aboute 50 men To make Descouery of the french at Atianderogoe & wee went by three or four fires & in sixteen miles sailing I mist one Batoe it being Dark Could Not find it went on with the Rest of the Command And aboute brake Day landed our Batoes on ye East side of y® Lake Georg within Twelve miles of the Caring Place at atenderrogo lay their that Day Made No Discouery the Eighth Day at Evening ; Landed our Batoes and Boare towards Tianderrogoe & Descouerd a fire on an Island put to land & sent of a burtch Cannoe to see whate was their They that was'on ye Island Descouerd ye Canmoe & Put oute their fires & as we supposed went of In their 'Cannoe then went Down with ye Party within aboute 7 miles of the Cereing place & landed on a point on ye west side of ye lacke George and Drewe up y® Batoes and secuered them ye 9th at morning sent off Capt Putnam with one man and Capt Hunt with 3 men more In order to goe to ye Carring Place and Tianderogoe and make Discouerys their & Returne to the Partey at

SIR WM. JOHNSON'S SCOUTS. 263

Evening Capt Hunt Come back with Two men at Night sent of Ens" Putnam with three men and ordered them to make what Discouery they Could with the Borch Conew and to goe to the Cereing Place Tarry their all Night and in ye morning as soon as it was light to Come back To their Command That Night Discouer¢ Several fires on ye shoar of ye Jake 10 Day Sun half an hour highe In ye morning our burch Canoe Come in keept oute Small Scouts by land and Good Guards for fear of the Enemy Coming on our Backs ye Sun aboute 2 hours high then came up 3 burtch Canoes Came by y® East Shore 'Came within 70 Rods of y® Point where wee were weel ambushed for them they lay on their oars for ye Best Part of an oure 23 in Number then-sent oute our burtch Canoe to Decoye them up by the Point our Cannoe went Pariled with them within 30 Rods then turnd and Padeled Back up by ye Point But they Did not folow them but turnd Down y® Lake half a mile and boar ouer to the west-shore & their landed their Cannoes our Centry and small Scouts Come in and said they Discourd Indians and heard them talk Capt Putnam Instantly Came back with ye account ye Indians were cn our Backs wee found their Partey to stronge for us to Encounter with launché our Batoesand sat homewards 15 miles and lodged on an Island y® 11th Day we arived at lake georg the Incampment where wee tooke our Departure from

Evening Capt Hunt Come back with Two men at Night sent of Ens" Putnam with three men and ordered them to make what Discouery they Could with the Borch Conew and to goe to the Cereing Place Tarry their all Night and in ye morning as soon as it was light to Come back To their Command That Night Discouer¢ Several fires on ye shoar of ye Jake 10 Day Sun half an hour highe In ye morning our burch Canoe Come in keept oute Small Scouts by land and Good Guards for fear of the Enemy Coming on our Backs ye Sun aboute 2 hours high then came up 3 burtch Canoes Came by y® East Shore 'Came within 70 Rods of y® Point where wee were weel ambushed for them they lay on their oars for ye Best Part of an oure 23 in Number then-sent oute our burtch Canoe to Decoye them up by the Point our Cannoe went Pariled with them within 30 Rods then turnd and Padeled Back up by ye Point But they Did not folow them but turnd Down y® Lake half a mile and boar ouer to the west-shore & their landed their Cannoes our Centry and small Scouts Come in and said they Discourd Indians and heard them talk Capt Putnam Instantly Came back with ye account ye Indians were cn our Backs wee found their Partey to stronge for us to Encounter with launché our Batoesand sat homewards 15 miles and lodged on an Island y® 11th Day we arived at lake georg the Incampment where wee tooke our Departure from

Sir , This is the Most Correct account of my agurnale on my Command till my Returne to this Place this with all the Reporte of my Spies I sent oute ; Rogart Ropeers.

To the Honarble William Johnson Esqt

Commander in Chiefe at Lake. George

Which is presented from . Yt Honnours Most obdiont and Humble Servant

(Endorsed) A Journal of Capt Rodgers' Proceedings with a Command on Lake Georg deliv4 the 12 October 1755.

264 JOURNALS OF

REPORT OF CAPT. PUTNAM.

SENT BY CAPT. RODGERS AS A SPY TO TIONDEROGO.

Oct?-9'h 1755. Then lift Capt Rogers upon a neck of Land upon the west side of Lake George and Set out towards tycondorogue to see what Discoveries we Could make and after we had marchd about 7 or 8 miles we came upon a Large Mountain near the Heither end of the narrows, and when we came there we Could make no Discovery at all but after sometime wee espyed three Barke Cannoes Drew upon the Shore upon a point of Land that Ran into the Lake, and then wee espyed two Indians Comeing out of the Bushes toward the Cannoes, after water, and after sometime we espyed several french and Indians on the East side of the Lake and soon after that we heard the noise of Cutting, hewing, adsing, and sawing, as tho there wasa Large Company of men at work, and by their talking and Laughing their was amongst them, and then we Espyed about thirty Indians Came out of the Bushes on the west side of the Lake on the point within a large musket shot of us, and played a spell on the Beach, and then Returned into the Bush, and from the point Eastward, their was almost a Continual fireing and barking of Doggs and talking so we thot it was not safe to proceed to Tycondarogue and so Concluded 'to tarry there all knight and see what further Discoveries' wee Could make by the fires in the knight, and just at the Dusk of the evening their Came four Cannoes from the East and went to the west side of the Lake _ and landed on the point where the others were inéamped, and Drew up their Cannoes on y@ Shore and by this time wee began to Discover the fires on the point and on the East side of the Lake, but Could not Discover what number their was, because the Bushes were so thick by the Lake but as near as we Could » best Judge we thot there was six or seven hundred by the fires and Guards set on both sides the Lake and about Day Brake, they mustered their men to work and then wee Left the mountain and Returned to Capt Rogers on tle point and when we Came within sixty or seventy Rods of the point we Espyed thirteen Indians pass by within ten Rods of us, towards the point where

Then lift Capt Rogers upon a neck of Land upon the west side of Lake George and Set out towards tycondorogue to see what Discoveries we Could make and after we had marchd about 7 or 8 miles we came upon a Large Mountain near the Heither end of the narrows, and when we came there we Could make no Discovery at all but after sometime wee espyed three Barke Cannoes Drew upon the Shore upon a point of Land that Ran into the Lake, and then wee espyed two Indians Comeing out of the Bushes toward the Cannoes, after water, and after sometime we espyed several french and Indians on the East side of the Lake and soon after that we heard the noise of Cutting, hewing, adsing, and sawing, as tho there wasa Large Company of men at work, and by their talking and Laughing their was amongst them, and then we Espyed about thirty Indians Came out of the Bushes on the west side of the Lake on the point within a large musket shot of us, and played a spell on the Beach, and then Returned into the Bush, and from the point Eastward, their was almost a Continual fireing and barking of Doggs and talking so we thot it was not safe to proceed to Tycondarogue and so Concluded 'to tarry there all knight and see what further Discoveries' wee Could make by the fires in the knight, and just at the Dusk of the evening their Came four Cannoes from the East and went to the west side of the Lake _ and landed on the point where the others were inéamped, and Drew up their Cannoes on y@ Shore and by this time wee began to Discover the fires on the point and on the East side of the Lake, but Could not Discover what number their was, because the Bushes were so thick by the Lake but as near as we Could » best Judge we thot there was six or seven hundred by the fires and Guards set on both sides the Lake and about Day Brake, they mustered their men to work and then wee Left the mountain and Returned to Capt Rogers on tle point and when we Came within sixty or seventy Rods of the point we Espyed thirteen Indians pass by within ten Rods of us, towards the point where

SIR WM. JOHNSON'S SCOUTS. 265

we left Capt. Rogers, and after they had passed by us, we Came to the point where we left Capt Rogers, and found all well this is the Chef of the Discovery and best acovnt that I am able to give IsraEL Purnam To Capt Rodgers The Report of Captain Putnen (Endorsed) Capt Pitmans Report who was sent by Capt Rodgers as a Spy to Tiondorogo delivd 12 Oct.

REPORT OF CAPT. HUNT.

Laike gorge october the 9th 1755.

Left Capt Rodgers by His orders to go to tiandrogo and the Careing place and macke Discovers then and had two men with _ me and Capt putnom went with me with one man moore and we

traveld Down the Laike gorge within two miles of the Narros or Careing place and se where the friench were at work one the Eas Side of the Lake gorge and one the west side there was an Kincampment of Abovt one Hundred Indiens A gainst the friench Eincampments and the whole that wase one both sids of the Laike we Jvded to be about 7 or 8 Hondred men Heard the shoot sevrel Gons and sce severel Botos Drawed up By ther Eincampments Left Capt pvtnum and one man to geo to tiandrogo and Retvrned to Aqvaint ovr Comand of what Discoverey we Had made Come to them Abovt Svn Downe this Is the Chef that I can say Consernin the Discovereys that I made who is Sir yovr Hvmbl Servent SamiL Honr. To Capt Rodgers (Endorsed) Report of Capt Hunt

traveld Down the Laike gorge within two miles of the Narros or Careing place and se where the friench were at work one the Eas Side of the Lake gorge and one the west side there was an Kincampment of Abovt one Hundred Indiens A gainst the friench Eincampments and the whole that wase one both sids of the Laike we Jvded to be about 7 or 8 Hondred men Heard the shoot sevrel Gons and sce severel Botos Drawed up By ther Eincampments Left Capt pvtnum and one man to geo to tiandrogo and Retvrned to Aqvaint ovr Comand of what Discoverey we Had made Come to them Abovt Svn Downe this Is the Chef that I can say Consernin the Discovereys that I made who is Sir yovr Hvmbl Servent SamiL Honr. To Capt Rodgers (Endorsed) Report of Capt Hunt

sent as a spy to Tionderogo by Capt Rodgers

deliv' 12 Octo. 1755

266 JOURNALS OF

REPORT OF ENSIGNE PUTNAM. October the 9th 1'755.

I left Capten Rodgers by His ord: to geo in the Borch Conow to make Discovereys of the fre at the Careying place or whair they freiench Incampments was and took three men with me wen abovt 5 or 6 miles downe the Laike and discovred severel fiers one the wes side of the Laike one a point and went within twenty Rods of the fers and see the men, by the fiers and thee Espeyed our Conoo and made Ratling Atho thee ware pvting ovt after us we mad ove to the East shore and Lay one ovr ors for some time Expecting the Enemy bvt None followed then went Downe by there fiers abovt one Quarter of A.mile and see a Lardge in Campment on the East Side of Abovt A thovsand men as we Jvdged they spred one the Laike for Half A mile and we Come back twoards ovr Comand one mile and went into A Coue and Lay till Brak of Day and went Downe within Half A mile of the fiers and them friesh and then returned to ovr Comand whear we found all well this is the chefe that I can say Consarning ovr Discovery Timotuy Pyrnym.

I left Capten Rodgers by His ord: to geo in the Borch Conow to make Discovereys of the fre at the Careying place or whair they freiench Incampments was and took three men with me wen abovt 5 or 6 miles downe the Laike and discovred severel fiers one the wes side of the Laike one a point and went within twenty Rods of the fers and see the men, by the fiers and thee Espeyed our Conoo and made Ratling Atho thee ware pvting ovt after us we mad ove to the East shore and Lay one ovr ors for some time Expecting the Enemy bvt None followed then went Downe by there fiers abovt one Quarter of A.mile and see a Lardge in Campment on the East Side of Abovt A thovsand men as we Jvdged they spred one the Laike for Half A mile and we Come back twoards ovr Comand one mile and went into A Coue and Lay till Brak of Day and went Downe within Half A mile of the fiers and them friesh and then returned to ovr Comand whear we found all well this is the chefe that I can say Consarning ovr Discovery Timotuy Pyrnym.

Laike Gorge to Capten Rodgers ;

REPORTS OF JOHN TAPLIN AND HENRY BABCOOK. Lake Gorge october the 10 1755 I marched from this place with fifty men and marched a Bout fiue or six mils to the South East and in Camped and sent out - Scouts toward the South Bay and toward wood Crik and we mad No descouery of any Eanmy and Retorned Home this Day ~ october the 13. Joun Tarun.

Laike Gorge to Capten Rodgers ;

REPORTS OF JOHN TAPLIN AND HENRY BABCOOK. Lake Gorge october the 10 1755 I marched from this place with fifty men and marched a Bout fiue or six mils to the South East and in Camped and sent out - Scouts toward the South Bay and toward wood Crik and we mad No descouery of any Eanmy and Retorned Home this Day ~ october the 13. Joun Tarun.

Lake George Octor 18, 1755 A Report of the Scout of the West Side of the Lake--Went out the 10' Instant with 50 men reconnoitred the Woods about 10 or 12 miles from the Camp, discovered no Enemy, returned to the Camp the 13th, Pr Henry Baxscocx Capt of the Scout.

SIR WM. JOHNSON S SCOUTS. 267 .

CAPT SYMS' REPORT. Sir ; We are now Incamped about three miles from you imedeately on our coming here we sent out two Scouts, both came in and did not discover any thing towards Evening I posted Century out one of wh was shot and scalp' a hatched was leftin his head, Shall be glad to receive your farther orders some of my men seem frightened and fear some will run off to night as they seem much frightened Iam ; Sir your most humble servant WILLIAM SYMS I shall stay in this Place till I receive your farther orders. I believe some fresh hands would be necessary. To General Johnson at Lake George

REPORT OF LIEUT. FONDA.

Sir ; We are now Incamped about three miles from you imedeately on our coming here we sent out two Scouts, both came in and did not discover any thing towards Evening I posted Century out one of wh was shot and scalp' a hatched was leftin his head, Shall be glad to receive your farther orders some of my men seem frightened and fear some will run off to night as they seem much frightened Iam ; Sir your most humble servant WILLIAM SYMS I shall stay in this Place till I receive your farther orders. I believe some fresh hands would be necessary. To General Johnson at Lake George

REPORT OF LIEUT. FONDA.

Camp at Lake George 14 Oct? 1755

_ A Report of the Scout under my Command being in Number. 1 Sergint and 12 Men--Agreeable to orders Came op first with the party Commanded by Lut: Van Schaick who was on the return back to this Camp and asked the Reason why they returned so soon or why they had not proceded as an accident had happened to one of their men he sayd he was sick and unfit to proced on which I left him and Came up with the party Commanded by Capt» Syms, who was waiting for orders on which I then gave him the orders I Received from gen!! Johnson Aid Dé Camp to March forward upon whichall Exceptingall to Refused to proced and then I asked my party to go and take their Blanketts and provisions which they Denied Except with their own Officers and I then Called and said all you that are Cowards Come and Ile take y" names Down and they Come so thick that I Could see But 10 or 12: Left of the whole party & they mostly

Johnson Aid Dé Camp to March forward upon whichall Exceptingall to Refused to proced and then I asked my party to go and take their Blanketts and provisions which they Denied Except with their own Officers and I then Called and said all you that are Cowards Come and Ile take y" names Down and they Come so thick that I Could see But 10 or 12: Left of the whole party & they mostly

&

268 JOURNALS OF

Consisting of New Yorkers and thenI asked the Commander what he woud do or whether he understood me that he was to go forword he said he believed he would Come back and so: we returned to this Camp

JELLES FONDA

CAPT. SIMS' REPORT.

Monday ye 13th Instant Set out from ye Camps about 2, o'the Clock in y® afternoon upon Comé with Fifty men under my Command Travild about three miles upon ye West of ye Lake and sent out 3 Scouts according to orders; and Encamp4 2 of which Performed their orders and return'd without any Discovery, But thro' mistake the officer that was ordered for to send y° North Scout, sett only a Centery, who was Placed near 45 Rods from ye Encampt and about half an Hour after sunset he was fired upon as near as We could Judge by a Scout from ye Enemy Consisting of four or five Indians, upon which I ordered all to arms and to proceed with all speed to ye Place where ye fire was and 4vhen I got there to my astonishm! I had but about 15 men with me, I Looked Back and they Cried out for Gods 'sake call us all togeather or we shall be cut off, upon which I order'd them to spread and march ina half moon in order to Discover y® Ennemy or y® occation of y® Fire and without Further Discovery But ye Loss of all Except about six.or seven Living men which was with meand my Lieutent Then Returned and upon our Return found ye Centery kil'd & sculp'd Took him Down to y® Camp and there found y® Rest of my men In Great Distress Tying up their Packs; upon which I Doubled ye Guards and ordered all to stand their Ground upon their Perril where I with Difficulty kept them Till Furth" orders from your Hont upon ye Receipt of which I could Prevail upon but 13 men to Proceed Further and therefore Judged Best and most advisable to returne and Report ye Occation of my not Proceeding y® Scout out asI have Particularly Informed your Honr Worthy S* I now stand ready upon all orders to Pursue your

I had but about 15 men with me, I Looked Back and they Cried out for Gods 'sake call us all togeather or we shall be cut off, upon which I order'd them to spread and march ina half moon in order to Discover y® Ennemy or y® occation of y® Fire and without Further Discovery But ye Loss of all Except about six.or seven Living men which was with meand my Lieutent Then Returned and upon our Return found ye Centery kil'd & sculp'd Took him Down to y® Camp and there found y® Rest of my men In Great Distress Tying up their Packs; upon which I Doubled ye Guards and ordered all to stand their Ground upon their Perril where I with Difficulty kept them Till Furth" orders from your Hont upon ye Receipt of which I could Prevail upon but 13 men to Proceed Further and therefore Judged Best and most advisable to returne and Report ye Occation of my not Proceeding y® Scout out asI have Particularly Informed your Honr Worthy S* I now stand ready upon all orders to Pursue your

+

SIR WM. JOHNSON's SCOUTS. 269

Comm*s to a Tittle upon my Part, Provided I can have such materials as are fit for y® Purpose, and When Ever I fail Lett me be stigmatized JI Remain Your Hon's Most Dutiful and Obt

Humble Servt W Symes. Camp at Lake George Octobt 224 1755.

To the Honnorble Will™ Johnson Esq Leutt Gen!! of ye Army at Lake George

+

SIR WM. JOHNSON's SCOUTS. 269

Comm*s to a Tittle upon my Part, Provided I can have such materials as are fit for y® Purpose, and When Ever I fail Lett me be stigmatized JI Remain Your Hon's Most Dutiful and Obt

Humble Servt W Symes. Camp at Lake George Octobt 224 1755.

To the Honnorble Will™ Johnson Esq Leutt Gen!! of ye Army at Lake George

REPORT OF CAPT. RODGERS' AND CO'S SCOUT.

On the fourteenth Day of October 1755 I' Embarked in a Burch Canoe at the Camps on the South End of Lake George with Four Men beside my self & sailed twenty five miles & Land ed on the west side of the Lake then Traveled by Land and on the Eighteenth Day I arived on the Mountain on the West side of Crown point there I lay that Night and all the next Day and observed the Enemys motions there & about Crown point and observed Ambuseers Built upon the Mount about Thirty Rods To the Southwest of Crown point fort in the Evening went Down To the Houses that was built upon the lake to the South of -- Crown point & went Into a barn that was well filld with wheat & left three men & proceeded with one man To make further Discoverys at the fort and found a good place To ambush within Sixty Rods of the furt & Imediatly went back & took our partners & ambushd at the proper place we had found & there we lay Till about Ten of the Clock & observed several Canoes passing up & Down the Lake & sundry men that went out To work about their Secular affairs & Judged the whole that was in the fort to be about five Hundred at length a french man Came out of 'the fort Towards us without his Gun & Came within fifteen Rods of where we lay then I with another man Run up to him In order to Captivate him--But he Refused To Take Quarter so we kill,d him and Took of his Scalp in plain sight of the fort then Run and in plain veiw about Twenty Rods & made our

On the fourteenth Day of October 1755 I' Embarked in a Burch Canoe at the Camps on the South End of Lake George with Four Men beside my self & sailed twenty five miles & Land ed on the west side of the Lake then Traveled by Land and on the Eighteenth Day I arived on the Mountain on the West side of Crown point there I lay that Night and all the next Day and observed the Enemys motions there & about Crown point and observed Ambuseers Built upon the Mount about Thirty Rods To the Southwest of Crown point fort in the Evening went Down To the Houses that was built upon the lake to the South of -- Crown point & went Into a barn that was well filld with wheat & left three men & proceeded with one man To make further Discoverys at the fort and found a good place To ambush within Sixty Rods of the furt & Imediatly went back & took our partners & ambushd at the proper place we had found & there we lay Till about Ten of the Clock & observed several Canoes passing up & Down the Lake & sundry men that went out To work about their Secular affairs & Judged the whole that was in the fort to be about five Hundred at length a french man Came out of 'the fort Towards us without his Gun & Came within fifteen Rods of where we lay then I with another man Run up to him In order to Captivate him--But he Refused To Take Quarter so we kill,d him and Took of his Scalp in plain sight of the fort then Run and in plain veiw about Twenty Rods & made our

270 JOURNALS OF

Escape the same Night we Came Right West of Tianarago about three Miles and upon a Mountain in plain sight of their fort & see large Incampments Round it & heard a vast number of smal arms fired Judged there To be Two Thousand men at Tianarago & on the Twenty first Day Got To Our Canoes about Eight of the Clock in the Morning & found all safe & about Nine of the Clock in the Evening Arived all well at our Encampments where we set out. '

The above account is the Cheif Discovery that we made at Crown point & Tianaragoe. To the Honourable William John- ] son Esq? Commander in Cheif of

Rozert Ropeers

the Forces at Lake George this JONATHAN BUTTERFIELD presented By Your Honours Most 1 P Harb leSecut J SRAEL PuTNaM

(Endorsed) Capt Rodgers & Cs Acct of Scout to Crown Point rec'd 22 Octo® 1755

CAPT. DOLITTLE'S JOURNAL OF HIS SCOUT TO TIONDOROGO.

Octobt 24th 1755 after a tedias march over hills and holes we Indeavoured to Disscover ye french on this side of ye Carrying Place but Could not hear any of ye Choping or Shooting or Druming we went Down To ye Lake but Could not Disscover them Then we Proceeded farther To Tiondaroga where we had a fare View of y® french a little before son set They ware at work Clearing of Lahd and Choping of Timber they have Cleared a Pint of Land that Looks East a Cross the Water that Runs from Lake George and ye South Bay which is To appearance but little more than Quarter of a Mile a Cross they have built no fort as I could Disscerne neither have they any Great Guns that I could see we Lay all night within about a mile of them saw them Light up y° fires and Beat ye Drums there appears to be about 150 Tents some small Boarded Housen there may [be] about 100 men as near as I Can Gess we Design' to view y™ ye next morning but'

Octobt 24th 1755 after a tedias march over hills and holes we Indeavoured to Disscover ye french on this side of ye Carrying Place but Could not hear any of ye Choping or Shooting or Druming we went Down To ye Lake but Could not Disscover them Then we Proceeded farther To Tiondaroga where we had a fare View of y® french a little before son set They ware at work Clearing of Lahd and Choping of Timber they have Cleared a Pint of Land that Looks East a Cross the Water that Runs from Lake George and ye South Bay which is To appearance but little more than Quarter of a Mile a Cross they have built no fort as I could Disscerne neither have they any Great Guns that I could see we Lay all night within about a mile of them saw them Light up y° fires and Beat ye Drums there appears to be about 150 Tents some small Boarded Housen there may [be] about 100 men as near as I Can Gess we Design' to view y™ ye next morning but'

SIR WM. JOHNSON'S SCOUTS. 271.

was Prevented by y¢ snow filling yeare we then Proceeded Back on ye 25t to Disscover ye french on this side ye Carring Place if Possable we went to the Lake but not near y™ but Dissern ye Buildings but could not Disscover ye strength nor numbers but saw that it was on ye west side of y® Lake at a verey Narrow Place ye next morning we Determin4 to make farther Disscoverey but was Prevented by a thick fogg our Provision being spent Could tarrey no Longer God knows wheather Ever we Get home if we Do I would Humbly Present these fow Lines to Gen! Wm. Johnson Recd 28t Oct. 1755.

was Prevented by y¢ snow filling yeare we then Proceeded Back on ye 25t to Disscover ye french on this side ye Carring Place if Possable we went to the Lake but not near y™ but Dissern ye Buildings but could not Disscover ye strength nor numbers but saw that it was on ye west side of y® Lake at a verey Narrow Place ye next morning we Determin4 to make farther Disscoverey but was Prevented by a thick fogg our Provision being spent Could tarrey no Longer God knows wheather Ever we Get home if we Do I would Humbly Present these fow Lines to Gen! Wm. Johnson Recd 28t Oct. 1755.

Or

CAPT. REED'S REPORT.

26 of October 1755 in obedience to my orders I 1 arched with 50 men 5 or 6 miles North Est from this Camp made no Discouery of Any Enemy and Set out Sentreys and in camped.

27 Day Sent outa Scout of 4 men About Day Brake and Sundery more Scouts after them the furst Scout Did not Return whilst 2 of the clock in the afternoon and thay said that thay Descoured A path whare thay thought the Enemy had pest gon A Long towards wood Crick.

28 Jest as the Day Brock I went out with 4 men and trauiled 2 or 3 miles North Est and Came to a Camp which Looked varey New and Judged to be made by the Enemey and we went in and thare fier was not all out But we Judged that they had begon 2 ouers or more and they trauiled Right North and maid A Larg Road then I Returned to our Camp and sent out a Scout of 10 men which folowred that Road 3 miels and then thay Could Not folow No futher for the Enemey Scatrad so that thay could not tel which way they went and then thay Returned to the Camp our other Scouts mad no Descovery.

28 Jest as the Day Brock I went out with 4 men and trauiled 2 or 3 miles North Est and Came to a Camp which Looked varey New and Judged to be made by the Enemey and we went in and thare fier was not all out But we Judged that they had begon 2 ouers or more and they trauiled Right North and maid A Larg Road then I Returned to our Camp and sent out a Scout of 10 men which folowred that Road 3 miels and then thay Could Not folow No futher for the Enemey Scatrad so that thay could not tel which way they went and then thay Returned to the Camp our other Scouts mad no Descovery.

29 Day Send out Sundery Scouts which mad No Discovery' of Any Enemey and then we all marched for this Camp and on our Return made no Descovery of any Enemey Nor No New sins. James Reep Capt.

272 JOURNALS OF

REPORT OF CAPT. RODGERS & C0.

_ OF THEIR SKIRMISH WITH THE ENEMYS ADVANCED GUARD. May it Please your Honour

Pursuant to your Orders of ye 29th of October Last I set off with ye Party to me ordered and Went Down ye Lake and ye 31st made a Discovy ofa nomber of fires By night Scituated on a Point of Land on y® West Side of ye Lake, upon Which we Landed and Secured our Battoes upon ye Same Side of ye Lake about a mile & half Distance from their Encampment, Next morning Sent out Spies for further Discovery, in y® Evening Capt Fletcher one of y® Spies return'd Leaving 2 of ye Spies there, and made Report yt there was four Tents and Sundry Small fires on Sd Point,and upon yt after Consultation it was Concluded advisable to acquaint your Honour of our Discovery and Reinforce us if you thotight advisable in order to Proceed further and Make a Push upon our Enemy, accordingly Capt Fletcher. was Dispatch¢ to you with Six men in ye Battoe and Six being return'd as Invaleeds Leving me with nineteen men only, but being un Hasie with the Report, I took a Battoe with 5 men and went Down within 25 Rods of their Fires Discovered a Small Fort with Several Small Log Camps within ye Fort which I Judged to Contain about } of an acre Said Fort being open towards ye Water The rest Picketted.

Pursuant to your Orders of ye 29th of October Last I set off with ye Party to me ordered and Went Down ye Lake and ye 31st made a Discovy ofa nomber of fires By night Scituated on a Point of Land on y® West Side of ye Lake, upon Which we Landed and Secured our Battoes upon ye Same Side of ye Lake about a mile & half Distance from their Encampment, Next morning Sent out Spies for further Discovery, in y® Evening Capt Fletcher one of y® Spies return'd Leaving 2 of ye Spies there, and made Report yt there was four Tents and Sundry Small fires on Sd Point,and upon yt after Consultation it was Concluded advisable to acquaint your Honour of our Discovery and Reinforce us if you thotight advisable in order to Proceed further and Make a Push upon our Enemy, accordingly Capt Fletcher. was Dispatch¢ to you with Six men in ye Battoe and Six being return'd as Invaleeds Leving me with nineteen men only, but being un Hasie with the Report, I took a Battoe with 5 men and went Down within 25 Rods of their Fires Discovered a Small Fort with Several Small Log Camps within ye Fort which I Judged to Contain about } of an acre Said Fort being open towards ye Water The rest Picketted. Made no further Discovery there and Returnd to My Party, found all well except Capt Putnam and ye Spie with him, who was not returned, The next Morning about 10 0 the Clock Capt Putnam return'd and ye Spie with him who Gave much the Same acct ag above Saving yt ye Enemies Centrys was sett 20 Rods from yt Fires and for a more Crittical examination of y® Enemies Proceedings he went forward till he Came so nigh yt he was fired upon by one of ye Centeries within a Rod of him, But unfortunately upon Preparing to Fire upon him fell into a Clay Pit and wett his Gun made ye Best retreat he was able, hearing y® Enemy Close to their Heels, yy made a Tack & Luckely escap4 Safe to our Party;Soon after there was a Discovery made of two Frenchmen upon a Hill a Small Distance, who Called to us, said Hill overlooked our ambush, in a few minutes they retreated, and Two Canoes appeared and went by us & Lay in

Made no further Discovery there and Returnd to My Party, found all well except Capt Putnam and ye Spie with him, who was not returned, The next Morning about 10 0 the Clock Capt Putnam return'd and ye Spie with him who Gave much the Same acct ag above Saving yt ye Enemies Centrys was sett 20 Rods from yt Fires and for a more Crittical examination of y® Enemies Proceedings he went forward till he Came so nigh yt he was fired upon by one of ye Centeries within a Rod of him, But unfortunately upon Preparing to Fire upon him fell into a Clay Pit and wett his Gun made ye Best retreat he was able, hearing y® Enemy Close to their Heels, yy made a Tack & Luckely escap4 Safe to our Party;Soon after there was a Discovery made of two Frenchmen upon a Hill a Small Distance, who Called to us, said Hill overlooked our ambush, in a few minutes they retreated, and Two Canoes appeared and went by us & Lay in

SIR WILLIAM JOHNSON'S SCOUTS. 273

ye middle of ye Lake about 40 Rods Distance from Each other, Finding by y* Behaviour, there was a Party Coming by Land y* we must inevitably be between 2 Fires.

Upon Which I ordered Two Battoes into y¢ Water Leut Grant with 6 men, and I went into ye other with 6 more & Put on Board Each a Wall peice and Went out towards ye Canoes, who seemed to Ly upon their Paddles as tho' they had a Design to Decoy us into some mischief by their Party yt was Designed to Surround our People on Shore, and then attack us by keeping us between y™ an their Land party finds there Designe attacked them first put ym to y® Rout and surprised so yt they made to y® shore Where Cap: Putnam with ye rest of our Party Lay, but unhappy to y™ he was Prepared for ym shot and kill'd y* Cockson; and by our Wall Peices &c; kill'd Divers of ym Butt upon his fireing upon y: Canoe, Immeadiatly ye Enemy Upon that was upon his Back fired upon and had but Just time to Shove his Battoe into ye Water, and Gett into Before y° Enemy appeared upon ye Waters Edge and Made a Brisk fire upon him Shot Thro' his Blanket in Divers Places, and thro' ye Battoe and then made to our Battoes for refuge, upon his Escape we pursued ye Cannoes with a constant fire upon them till we came within Eighty Rods of yt fires, Discovered a nomber of men upon Each Side of y® shore within about 40 Rods of us Gave y™ Each a Broad side which put y™ to y® Bush, and Gave usa Clear Passage Homewards and after we Got fairly into ye Lake Lay upon Our Oars and Inguired after the Circomstances of y® Party Found none killed, but one Wounded which Gave Joy to all of us after so Long an Engagement which I Judge was near 2 Hours Xe:

Upon Which I ordered Two Battoes into y¢ Water Leut Grant with 6 men, and I went into ye other with 6 more & Put on Board Each a Wall peice and Went out towards ye Canoes, who seemed to Ly upon their Paddles as tho' they had a Design to Decoy us into some mischief by their Party yt was Designed to Surround our People on Shore, and then attack us by keeping us between y™ an their Land party finds there Designe attacked them first put ym to y® Rout and surprised so yt they made to y® shore Where Cap: Putnam with ye rest of our Party Lay, but unhappy to y™ he was Prepared for ym shot and kill'd y* Cockson; and by our Wall Peices &c; kill'd Divers of ym Butt upon his fireing upon y: Canoe, Immeadiatly ye Enemy Upon that was upon his Back fired upon and had but Just time to Shove his Battoe into ye Water, and Gett into Before y° Enemy appeared upon ye Waters Edge and Made a Brisk fire upon him Shot Thro' his Blanket in Divers Places, and thro' ye Battoe and then made to our Battoes for refuge, upon his Escape we pursued ye Cannoes with a constant fire upon them till we came within Eighty Rods of yt fires, Discovered a nomber of men upon Each Side of y® shore within about 40 Rods of us Gave y™ Each a Broad side which put y™ to y® Bush, and Gave usa Clear Passage Homewards and after we Got fairly into ye Lake Lay upon Our Oars and Inguired after the Circomstances of y® Party Found none killed, but one Wounded which Gave Joy to all of us after so Long an Engagement which I Judge was near 2 Hours Xe:

And Then we made ye Best of our Way to our Head quarters about half Way, We met With ye Reinforcemt--But upon Consultation, Thought Best to report What had happend Without further proceeding, and accordingly arrived here to y® Encampmt ye 34 Instant--All which is Hum Submitted by your

Dutyfull Serv's. Rozsert RopeErs Camp at Lake George Novr 34 1755. IsraEL PutTNaM (Endorsed) Report of Capt Rodgers &C° Noau Grant. of their Skirmish with the Enemys advanced Guard reced 3 Noy" 1755 18

Q74 JOURNALS OF

REPORT OF CAPT. BILLING.

Lake George Nov' ye 21755

I ye subscriber Beeing ordered With a number of men to Go Near y® Narrows to Join Capt Rogers and his men but on my way their I met Capt Rogers Returning home he Beejing Discouer'd by a Party of the Enemy & attacked & thought Best to Return to ye Camp & I also Returned Back With him by his Desire.

Rocer Bitiine Capt,

REPORT OF CAPT ANGELL

Camp Lake George Novem>r 3: 1755.

Report of my Procedings on a Scout Towards Tenondorogo.

So according to your Orders of the 31 of Octt Last I put of from the Camp in the Evening of the same Day about four miles Down the Lake I saw a fier on the West Shoar and went Nigh to it being Informed by the people With me that Our Scouts Commonly made fiers Near that place I Proceeded about Seven Miles from hear I saw a fier on the East Side on a Neck of Low Land and passed it at sum Distance about fourteen Miles from hear I saw a fier on the West Shoar Which J passed at two or three miles Distance So Proceeded Down the Lake tel about _ four o'clock in the morning the Wind Blew fresh and Rained and was very Dark I being unserten how far Wee had got Down the Lake put on Shoar hall'd up the Canoe and staid til morning then found that we had not got Within Seven or Eight Miles of the Narrows Concluded to travel that Day by Land accordingly at Eight o'clock I satt out Leut Waterbery and one man more and Left two men with the Canoe Wee Traveled til Past Noon along the sides of Mountains allmost Impasable and got on the top of a very high Mountain Where I had a fine Prospect of this Lake and of the Mountains on Champlaine I judged Wee had got about

So according to your Orders of the 31 of Octt Last I put of from the Camp in the Evening of the same Day about four miles Down the Lake I saw a fier on the West Shoar and went Nigh to it being Informed by the people With me that Our Scouts Commonly made fiers Near that place I Proceeded about Seven Miles from hear I saw a fier on the East Side on a Neck of Low Land and passed it at sum Distance about fourteen Miles from hear I saw a fier on the West Shoar Which J passed at two or three miles Distance So Proceeded Down the Lake tel about _ four o'clock in the morning the Wind Blew fresh and Rained and was very Dark I being unserten how far Wee had got Down the Lake put on Shoar hall'd up the Canoe and staid til morning then found that we had not got Within Seven or Eight Miles of the Narrows Concluded to travel that Day by Land accordingly at Eight o'clock I satt out Leut Waterbery and one man more and Left two men with the Canoe Wee Traveled til Past Noon along the sides of Mountains allmost Impasable and got on the top of a very high Mountain Where I had a fine Prospect of this Lake and of the Mountains on Champlaine I judged Wee had got about

SIR WM. JOHNSON'S SCOUTS. 275

five miles by four hours hard traveling I allso thought I could see all from their by the Looks of the Land Within a Little Ways of the Narrows and Judged I Could see aney advantagous ground this side the Narrows Where the Enemy Would be likely to post their Guard I could see no Smoak only at a great Distance towards Champlain Which I Judged the Products of the Camp at Carelon finding the Mountains so Bad to pass Concluded to Return to the Canoe and go Down the Lake that Night about Eight miles if I Did not Discouer aney Enemy Soner acordingly I did and at Dark Lanched the Canoe and Proceded it Rained and Was very Dark so I could have seen aney Light a great Distance wee padled Down the Lake about three hours got where the Lake was very Narrow Could Discouer no Light Judged I had got By where the party was posted acording to what Information I had had Looked at it not Safe to Land there that Night as it was so Near the Enemys Camp knowing Capt Rogers had been thar a Day or two before and that Likely he Might have alarmed them and that by that means they Might auoyd keeping fires in Order to Lay in Wate for an opurtunity to Discouer our Spies I Judged that If I should be Discouered in the Day time that it was more than an Equil Chance to be taken So taking Every Circumstance into Consideration Looked at it Beter to Return unsuccessfull then to Run So Big Risk of being Discouered as I Looked at it I must Land there and stay another Day about ten O Clock that Night Sett out for hoome where I arrived about 12 O Clock the next Day all Well .

five miles by four hours hard traveling I allso thought I could see all from their by the Looks of the Land Within a Little Ways of the Narrows and Judged I Could see aney advantagous ground this side the Narrows Where the Enemy Would be likely to post their Guard I could see no Smoak only at a great Distance towards Champlain Which I Judged the Products of the Camp at Carelon finding the Mountains so Bad to pass Concluded to Return to the Canoe and go Down the Lake that Night about Eight miles if I Did not Discouer aney Enemy Soner acordingly I did and at Dark Lanched the Canoe and Proceded it Rained and Was very Dark so I could have seen aney Light a great Distance wee padled Down the Lake about three hours got where the Lake was very Narrow Could Discouer no Light Judged I had got By where the party was posted acording to what Information I had had Looked at it not Safe to Land there that Night as it was so Near the Enemys Camp knowing Capt Rogers had been thar a Day or two before and that Likely he Might have alarmed them and that by that means they Might auoyd keeping fires in Order to Lay in Wate for an opurtunity to Discouer our Spies I Judged that If I should be Discouered in the Day time that it was more than an Equil Chance to be taken So taking Every Circumstance into Consideration Looked at it Beter to Return unsuccessfull then to Run So Big Risk of being Discouered as I Looked at it I must Land there and stay another Day about ten O Clock that Night Sett out for hoome where I arrived about 12 O Clock the next Day all Well .

Sam ANGELL. To Major Gener Johnson

cope creer) Lake George Nov 3. 1755 Capt Angells Letter

276 JOURNALS OF

THE REPORT OF JAMES CONNOR

OF COL. COCKCROFTS REGT WHO WENT IN A BATTOE WITH 5 MEN MORE TO DISCOVER THE POSTURE OF THE ENEMYS ADVANCED GUARD ON LAKE GEORGE.

Parted from the Camp 5 Novt in the Evening & lay by near the mouth of the first narrow that night--AIU next day lay still, till Evening ab! 7 a Clock, then went on & ab' 10 discovered one of the Enemys advanced Fires on the East shore, proceeded & came in between 2 of their Flank Fires, then went in upon their main Fire & discovered them releiving their Sentrys we" were 5 in number then returned about 4 miles in the middle of the Lake, put in on the East Shoar into a little Creek & lay there that night

The 7 Inst in the Morning he & two men went by Land & concealed themselves in some Spruce Shrubs where the Enemy had been felling some Timber abt 5 Rod from the Lake side weh is there about 300 yards wide, saw the Enemy come down to the West side of the Lake & carry away some Timber we lay there floating & carried it up to their Encampt upon handspikes, heard Workmen Chopping & hamering. Saw the Guards from the Two Advanced Fires upon the Lake side, come in, in Two Birch Canoes, each of we contained 12 or 13 men. Saw no Indians. discovered a Breast work round their Incampt with pickets put up like ours here, & several Log houses within it & Suppose there may be between 150 or 160 men there, lay there til it began to rain hard & the Enemy left off working web judge was between 10 & 11 a Clock yesterday morning, then came away & joined the other men at the Battoe lays still till about 12 a Clock at night, then set off for this Camp, about 3 this morning struck up a little fire upon a small Island abt 20 miles from hence about half an hour afterwards heard a whooping of Indians on the East side of the Lake kept a strict watch till Day break when the whooping was repeated more stronly, then set off in the Battoe homewards & made no further Discoveries.

Saw no Indians. discovered a Breast work round their Incampt with pickets put up like ours here, & several Log houses within it & Suppose there may be between 150 or 160 men there, lay there til it began to rain hard & the Enemy left off working web judge was between 10 & 11 a Clock yesterday morning, then came away & joined the other men at the Battoe lays still till about 12 a Clock at night, then set off for this Camp, about 3 this morning struck up a little fire upon a small Island abt 20 miles from hence about half an hour afterwards heard a whooping of Indians on the East side of the Lake kept a strict watch till Day break when the whooping was repeated more stronly, then set off in the Battoe homewards & made no further Discoveries.

Camp at Lake George 8 Noyr Afternoon taken by me

Peter WRAXALL (Endorsed) The Report of James Connor

relating to the Enemys Advanced Guard.

SIR WM. JOHNSON'S scouts. O77

A REPORT OF THE SCOUT TO THE N. E. OF THIS INCAMPMENT.

Camp at Lake George 8'» Novt 1755

Having according to Orders Gone the Distance w® we Reach'd: the 6t sent out Two Scouts Imediately one for South Bay the other for wood Crick. the one that went to wood Crick returnd the same Evening and acquainted me they had Discoverd Newly beating Tracts to the st w4 upon w® on the 7h at day break sent four ye same way to reach the falls of wood Creek But being a Rainy day & having no Compass within they went about S Eas nigh as I can judge from their Information, and In the' Close of the Evening Came up with a Tract Just Trod which they Immediately follow'd: & not Long before they discoverd the Rise of a smoke from a small hutt on the side of a hill, they made a halt & Concluded to send one forwarded to make what discoverys he Cow'd (the other lay in ambush abt 30 rod off) on his Coming near he Discovered Seven Nigh the fire Three french and four Indians.

Having according to Orders Gone the Distance w® we Reach'd: the 6t sent out Two Scouts Imediately one for South Bay the other for wood Crick. the one that went to wood Crick returnd the same Evening and acquainted me they had Discoverd Newly beating Tracts to the st w4 upon w® on the 7h at day break sent four ye same way to reach the falls of wood Creek But being a Rainy day & having no Compass within they went about S Eas nigh as I can judge from their Information, and In the' Close of the Evening Came up with a Tract Just Trod which they Immediately follow'd: & not Long before they discoverd the Rise of a smoke from a small hutt on the side of a hill, they made a halt & Concluded to send one forwarded to make what discoverys he Cow'd (the other lay in ambush abt 30 rod off) on his Coming near he Discovered Seven Nigh the fire Three french and four Indians. On w he returned to his party and Acquainted them of their Numbers, upon w? they Concluded that as soon as it was Dark to go & attack 'em: in the mean Time the person that Had made the discovery went & Lay to watch 'em to see if they sett any Sentrys : he had not sett Long before it Grew Dark: and he Discoverd four of 'em Come'g within a Rod or Two of him, & having a Great Cold Could not refrain Coughing: wh he did at the Time, with his hand to his mouth as the first of the four Came across him: upon wt he thinking they had discoverd him, He fires on him & he Dropt & Scremd out Bitterly he Imediately made to the party & they went of from the place & return'd to me this morning at Ten o Clock; the Scout that went to South Bay having reached it, Stay'd some Time To make what Discovery they Coud.

On w he returned to his party and Acquainted them of their Numbers, upon w? they Concluded that as soon as it was Dark to go & attack 'em: in the mean Time the person that Had made the discovery went & Lay to watch 'em to see if they sett any Sentrys : he had not sett Long before it Grew Dark: and he Discoverd four of 'em Come'g within a Rod or Two of him, & having a Great Cold Could not refrain Coughing: wh he did at the Time, with his hand to his mouth as the first of the four Came across him: upon wt he thinking they had discoverd him, He fires on him & he Dropt & Scremd out Bitterly he Imediately made to the party & they went of from the place & return'd to me this morning at Ten o Clock; the Scout that went to South Bay having reached it, Stay'd some Time To make what Discovery they Coud. But returned not having Discoverd anything--Nothing more that's

material has happen'd Micut Tuopey.

278 JOURNALS OF

THE REPORT [OF] HENDRICK & NICKLAS

TWO MOHAWK INDS MADE; WHO WENT UPON A DISCOVERY TOWARDS CROWN POINT TIONDAROG &c.

1755. Nov" 24. Encamped upon alarge Mountain near the Lake;

34. Still keeping to the westward of Lake George along the mountains, and encamped upon a mountain ealld Tekaghweangaraneghton, heard firing in the Woods but could not dome up with any Parties tho came upon several Tracks ; imagining to be hunting Parties.

278 JOURNALS OF

THE REPORT [OF] HENDRICK & NICKLAS

TWO MOHAWK INDS MADE; WHO WENT UPON A DISCOVERY TOWARDS CROWN POINT TIONDAROG &c.

1755. Nov" 24. Encamped upon alarge Mountain near the Lake;

34. Still keeping to the westward of Lake George along the mountains, and encamped upon a mountain ealld Tekaghweangaraneghton, heard firing in the Woods but could not dome up with any Parties tho came upon several Tracks ; imagining to be hunting Parties.

4*, Discovered a French Guard of abt: 30 or 40 men who had two Hutts upon a Point of the Lake, they look'd for a place of Ambush and encamped so near Pe Guard that they heard them speak;

5. Laid still trying to get a scalp

6". Went to the Road which goes along the Water side towards Tiyondaroga in Order to get a scalp but no Body pass'd and they returned, and built up a small fire some Distance from that Guard, at niglip observd the fires of an Encampment so bright that it appeard to them like Day.

7*. In the Morning resolvd to discover the Encampment nearer accordingly they went, and found it to their surpriz and amazement so large that they never seen the like and the Encamp! at this Lake was nothing in Comparison did not see any Indians in the Encampmt returned to the Place of Ambush.

8h, Laid there this Day for a scalp

9. Provision growing short resolvd to return and report their Discovery

10. Travelled back

7*. In the Morning resolvd to discover the Encampment nearer accordingly they went, and found it to their surpriz and amazement so large that they never seen the like and the Encamp! at this Lake was nothing in Comparison did not see any Indians in the Encampmt returned to the Place of Ambush.

8h, Laid there this Day for a scalp

9. Provision growing short resolvd to return and report their Discovery

10. Travelled back

11. In the Evening arrived at the Camp.

------_----_--_----_-->--_$_____--____.

A REPORT OF THE SCOUTT TO THE. EASTWARD. Lake George 13' Novt 1755. having marcht ab! Twenty five miles to the Eastw4 of this Camp being hinderd by the Rain from going farther, Sent Severall advanc'd Scoutts: But none of us Divervsrd any thing Nothing more has happen'd. Prrrer Becker To Major Gen" Johnson.

SIR WM. JOHNSON'S SCOUTS. 279

REPORT OF SERGT. THOMPSON.

Sergt Thompson of the Rhode Island regt Went down the Lake yesterday with a Battoe & 4 Men between 6 & 7 a Clock in the Evening rowed abt 4 hours came to a little Island abt 8 miles off halted struck up a little Fire & eat some victuals when Connor in his Battoe joined them, then set off & stopped at a little Island abt one Mile on this side the first Narrows, there went ashoar & reconnoitred it, thus went round it twice in a Battoe by web time it was abt Sunrise, thus supposed were discovered by the Enemy, for immediately a large white Flag was hoisted on a point of the Main Land on the East side of the Lake from hence not above a Mile from where we were & is one of the points of Land we makes the narrows w¢ did not seem to me to be above 40 yards wide, the Flag continued flying till we were out of sight.

Sergt Thompson of the Rhode Island regt Went down the Lake yesterday with a Battoe & 4 Men between 6 & 7 a Clock in the Evening rowed abt 4 hours came to a little Island abt 8 miles off halted struck up a little Fire & eat some victuals when Connor in his Battoe joined them, then set off & stopped at a little Island abt one Mile on this side the first Narrows, there went ashoar & reconnoitred it, thus went round it twice in a Battoe by web time it was abt Sunrise, thus supposed were discovered by the Enemy, for immediately a large white Flag was hoisted on a point of the Main Land on the East side of the Lake from hence not above a Mile from where we were & is one of the points of Land we makes the narrows w¢ did not seem to me to be above 40 yards wide, the Flag continued flying till we were out of sight. Connor thinks the Flag was 7 or 8 Miles from the Island -where they discovered it.

They say that to the Northward of the s¢ White Flag, they discovered a large Smoak wh appeared to be a Mile long.

REPORT OF THE SCOUTS TO SOUTH BAY.

Lake george November y® 15" 1755 then set out a Scout with two of ye Mohawk officers and two of their Indians and three of my men went towards y® South Bay to See what Descovéry we Could make of an army Comming against us and traveled about

They say that to the Northward of the s¢ White Flag, they discovered a large Smoak wh appeared to be a Mile long.

REPORT OF THE SCOUTS TO SOUTH BAY.

Lake george November y® 15" 1755 then set out a Scout with two of ye Mohawk officers and two of their Indians and three of my men went towards y® South Bay to See what Descovéry we Could make of an army Comming against us and traveled about

_East South East til we came where our advance guard goes and finding their Camps But no body there we Stil Stered about ye Same Course til night Came on & we Lookt out for a Conveniant Place to Camp and there Campt ye Next morning we Sent out three Scouts & when they Returned one of them thought he saw a smoak & a nother heard a gun & then we set out toward where they thought they see the Smoak and heard ye gun and there we Stopt and Sent out Scouts to see what Descovery they Could make who Returned and made no Descovery and then we set

280 JOURNALS OF

out about ye same Course and traveled til Sun about one hour high and there we Left a party and went to ye South Bay to see what Discovery we Could make and marcht about two miles Down y¢ Bay & made no Discovery of y® Enimy that was new. But Saw a Large Body of Ducks and gees and then we Returned to ye party and Lookt out a Conveniant place to Camp and as Soon as Day Light appeard we Set out to y® Bay again with a party to see what Descovery we Could make and marcht Down y° Bay about three miles and saw no Enimy but saw Large Incampments where they Landed their Battos and then we Returned to ye party and found all well and then we set out back again to ye Came house and marcht til about Sun about one hour high and then we Came upon another Large incampment that ye Enimy had maid and then we marcht about half a mile & Came upon y¢ tract of four Enimy which we supposed to be going to fourt Edward and then we marcht homeward about three miles where we incampt that night next morning we Set out home to

But Saw a Large Body of Ducks and gees and then we Returned to ye party and Lookt out a Conveniant place to Camp and as Soon as Day Light appeard we Set out to y® Bay again with a party to see what Descovery we Could make and marcht Down y° Bay about three miles and saw no Enimy but saw Large Incampments where they Landed their Battos and then we Returned to ye party and found all well and then we set out back again to ye Came house and marcht til about Sun about one hour high and then we Came upon another Large incampment that ye Enimy had maid and then we marcht about half a mile & Came upon y¢ tract of four Enimy which we supposed to be going to fourt Edward and then we marcht homeward about three miles where we incampt that night next morning we Set out home to

our Camp and found all well. IsraEL Putnam Capt

STEPHEN ScHUYLER (Endorsed) Report of Capt Putnam & Comps Scout to South Bay.

LIEUT. WATERBURY'S REPORT.

November the 15 Day A D 1755

Set out on a Cout In a Botto By his honers ordors Jeneral Jonson his honers horders Was for three Battos and twenty for Men Bot When Came to Be Redy to Go one third Declind to proseed and So I Set of With 2 Battos and 16 men a Bout seuen a Clock at Night and proseded til I came a Boue the first Naros and stoped on a Island for to Rest and Coming to Examin of the popel What prouison the had I found Scasity for one half for the tim I Desined to Be Gon so I thot proper to Send Back one Batto and half of the Men and take the other prouison and So prosed Not With Standing I had Bot one third of the Strengh

Set out on a Cout In a Botto By his honers ordors Jeneral Jonson his honers horders Was for three Battos and twenty for Men Bot When Came to Be Redy to Go one third Declind to proseed and So I Set of With 2 Battos and 16 men a Bout seuen a Clock at Night and proseded til I came a Boue the first Naros and stoped on a Island for to Rest and Coming to Examin of the popel What prouison the had I found Scasity for one half for the tim I Desined to Be Gon so I thot proper to Send Back one Batto and half of the Men and take the other prouison and So prosed Not With Standing I had Bot one third of the Strengh

~

SIR WM. JOHNSON'S SCOUTS. . 281

perposed By his honer on the 16 Day of Instant I lay Stil til Sonset and then I Set out for a Dis Couery and Did prosed as far as the Naros Whar the advansed party Lay the Night Being uery Light I Sopos they Discouer us forst for We Was Betwen the Moon and they and I sopos a Bout three quartor of a Mild Distans When forst Discouered Bov us We Lay a Spel to Consider What was Best Bot they Son Let us Noy they Was a Wake By ' fiering a Larem Gon and the other party anserd them and It Was the General uote of the popel to Retorn By Being Dis Couered and for Want of provison for We had Not any at all So We Retorned With sped and Mad No other Discouery of Enymy and We Got In on the 17 Day a Bout 12 a Clock To the onrabel Jenerael] Jonson Esquire Commander and Chef of the army at Lake Gorg this Cout proseded By David Waterbery Lt (Endorsed) Report of Lieut Waterbury of the Enemy at the Narrows. 17 Nov.

perposed By his honer on the 16 Day of Instant I lay Stil til Sonset and then I Set out for a Dis Couery and Did prosed as far as the Naros Whar the advansed party Lay the Night Being uery Light I Sopos they Discouer us forst for We Was Betwen the Moon and they and I sopos a Bout three quartor of a Mild Distans When forst Discouered Bov us We Lay a Spel to Consider What was Best Bot they Son Let us Noy they Was a Wake By ' fiering a Larem Gon and the other party anserd them and It Was the General uote of the popel to Retorn By Being Dis Couered and for Want of provison for We had Not any at all So We Retorned With sped and Mad No other Discouery of Enymy and We Got In on the 17 Day a Bout 12 a Clock To the onrabel Jenerael] Jonson Esquire Commander and Chef of the army at Lake Gorg this Cout proseded By David Waterbery Lt (Endorsed) Report of Lieut Waterbury of the Enemy at the Narrows. 17 Nov.

<i

ORDERS TO LIEUT. RODGERS.

You are to proceed with the party under your command to Tiondorogo in order view the posture & strength of the Enemy as distinctly as you possibly can. If you find the Enemy a considerable Body you are to dispatch Two of your party hither with an acct & proceed with the rest to Crown Point where you are to make all the discoveries you can & if possible to take a

ORDERS TO LIEUT. RODGERS.

You are to proceed with the party under your command to Tiondorogo in order view the posture & strength of the Enemy as distinctly as you possibly can. If you find the Enemy a considerable Body you are to dispatch Two of your party hither with an acct & proceed with the rest to Crown Point where you are to make all the discoveries you can & if possible to take a

Prisoner. Given under my hand this 16 day of Novt

at ye Camp at Lake George 1755. (Endorsed) Orders to Lieut Rodgers 16 Novr 1755.

i

REPORTS OF LIEUTTS RODGERS & CLAUS.

By Orders of the Hon!¢ Major General Johnson Lieutt Rodgers & Claus made the following Discoveries at Diontarogo & Crown Point .

1755 Novt 16th In the Evening sat off ina Battoe with 2 Mohawk Inds and one of the Newhampshire Men, came that

289 JOURNALS OF

Night as far as the large Bay of the Lake, att 12 or 14 miles from the Camp where we Lay that Night.

17h Travelled on, discovered nothing. ¥

18' Ditto, heard 3 Canon fired abt 2 or 3 0 Clock afternoon.

19th abt 4 in the afternoon came where the french advanced Guard keeps, Lieuts Rodgers & Claus with an Indian went on top of a mountain opposite the Diontorogo Camp, where. they discovered at the foot of it the french advance Guard, seen them walk upon the Beech judged their Number abt 40 or 50.

Night as far as the large Bay of the Lake, att 12 or 14 miles from the Camp where we Lay that Night.

17h Travelled on, discovered nothing. ¥

18' Ditto, heard 3 Canon fired abt 2 or 3 0 Clock afternoon.

19th abt 4 in the afternoon came where the french advanced Guard keeps, Lieuts Rodgers & Claus with an Indian went on top of a mountain opposite the Diontorogo Camp, where. they discovered at the foot of it the french advance Guard, seen them walk upon the Beech judged their Number abt 40 or 50.

Observed the Smoke of Diandorogo Camp to be at the same Place Capt Rodgers discovered it, but the Ind»s said it was then not to be compared to the smoke he seen when there afew Days before, heard frequent firing of Guns & Drums beating staid till dark, & then went back to our Company.

20th Early in the morning all of us went further down towards Diondarago abt 2 miles from where we encampd and coming toa mountain opposite the Camp went up & laying there a little while heard a Gun near us tried to come up to it but found it to be at the advance Guard.

Hendrick the Indian with Lieut Claus went upon an Eminence of the Mountain to view the french Camp, but the Ind= wag surprised to find such an alteration for he said the smoke he seen when there Jast was much larger 'and he could not but thinck the greatest part marchd off for Want of Provisions, Abt noon sat off for Crown point :

20th Early in the morning all of us went further down towards Diondarago abt 2 miles from where we encampd and coming toa mountain opposite the Camp went up & laying there a little while heard a Gun near us tried to come up to it but found it to be at the advance Guard.

Hendrick the Indian with Lieut Claus went upon an Eminence of the Mountain to view the french Camp, but the Ind= wag surprised to find such an alteration for he said the smoke he seen when there Jast was much larger 'and he could not but thinck the greatest part marchd off for Want of Provisions, Abt noon sat off for Crown point :

21t Abt 3 o Clock afternoon came within fair Prospect of Crown Point Fort and the adjacent Plantations, but could make no remarkable Discovery as the Place seemed quite desolate to us we could observe no smoke in the Fort or neighbouring houses tho' we staid till dark, saw no Body stirring, no Craft upon the Lake, heard only 2 or 3 Guns fired in the Woods over the Lake, We thought to intercept a Prisoner there or burn their Grain but seeing no house inhabited, & no stack wth Grain (which article Henry the Indian observed to be too precious to the french as to leave it upon stacks :) we returned at Dark a little ways & encamped.

224 Weather & Scarcity of Provisions would not permit us to lay by any longer, wherefore took to our Retour, had an other

21t Abt 3 o Clock afternoon came within fair Prospect of Crown Point Fort and the adjacent Plantations, but could make no remarkable Discovery as the Place seemed quite desolate to us we could observe no smoke in the Fort or neighbouring houses tho' we staid till dark, saw no Body stirring, no Craft upon the Lake, heard only 2 or 3 Guns fired in the Woods over the Lake, We thought to intercept a Prisoner there or burn their Grain but seeing no house inhabited, & no stack wth Grain (which article Henry the Indian observed to be too precious to the french as to leave it upon stacks :) we returned at Dark a little ways & encamped.

224 Weather & Scarcity of Provisions would not permit us to lay by any longer, wherefore took to our Retour, had an other

SIR WM. JOHNSON'S SCOUTS. 283

view upon an eminent Rock of a Mountain of Diondaroga, heard firing of Guns & Cutting of Wood, & seen some smokes on the other side of Take Champlain, when the old Indian was convinced of the Enemy's marching backward as he said the smoke of y® Camp was higher up the Lack when he saw it last, as also the firing & beating of Drums ; 23, 24, 25th Travelled homewards under great deal of hardships suffered by y® severity of the Weather. Which is Report of your Honours Most Obedient humble Servants Ricuarp RopeeErs Dant Cravs. To The Honoblé Major General Johnson

view upon an eminent Rock of a Mountain of Diondaroga, heard firing of Guns & Cutting of Wood, & seen some smokes on the other side of Take Champlain, when the old Indian was convinced of the Enemy's marching backward as he said the smoke of y® Camp was higher up the Lack when he saw it last, as also the firing & beating of Drums ; 23, 24, 25th Travelled homewards under great deal of hardships suffered by y® severity of the Weather. Which is Report of your Honours Most Obedient humble Servants Ricuarp RopeeErs Dant Cravs. To The Honoblé Major General Johnson

REPORT OF CAP™ FALES UPON EASTERN SCOUT.

Monday November ye 17:8 AD 1755

I marched with a parte of men from these Camps and Went on y® Wagon Rod about 3 miles and then tornd to y® East and marched about .7. miles then touren to ye Northerd of the Est and marched about . 20. miles and thar in Campt and a Bout Daylitin I herd a Bout . 21 . grat gones fird a Bout North from us .in y¢ moring I marched to the North .4 or|5 miles and then torned and mad homard Rangen ye Woods But Dident Discouer an thing at al

Exipuaret Fares Capt. °

ORDERS TO CAPT -RODGERS

Fort W™ Henry 29° Jamy 1756

You are Hereby Ordered to March the Partey Under your

Command y® nighest And Best way you Can to Crown Point

284 : JOURNALS OF

I marched with a parte of men from these Camps and Went on y® Wagon Rod about 3 miles and then tornd to y® East and marched about .7. miles then touren to ye Northerd of the Est and marched about . 20. miles and thar in Campt and a Bout Daylitin I herd a Bout . 21 . grat gones fird a Bout North from us .in y¢ moring I marched to the North .4 or|5 miles and then torned and mad homard Rangen ye Woods But Dident Discouer an thing at al

Exipuaret Fares Capt. °

ORDERS TO CAPT -RODGERS

Fort W™ Henry 29° Jamy 1756

You are Hereby Ordered to March the Partey Under your

Command y® nighest And Best way you Can to Crown Point

284 : JOURNALS OF

There Take a View of that Fortress & out works & make minnets of the Same if you meet Indieans or any Enemy in your way you are to take them Prisoners or Kill them or distress them any other ways or Means your Prudence shall direct you are to take Good Care of your men and not Expose them too much you are to use all Immaginable Protection not to Loos a man if it should Snow you are to Return Imedintly to this Fort if you Discover any Large Body of the Enemy you are to send off of the most Active of your men with Intelligence to me as Soon as you Can Preforme this Scoute you are to Return to this Fort with your Partey I heartily wish you success And am Sr your Humble Servant: . B Gueasier

There Take a View of that Fortress & out works & make minnets of the Same if you meet Indieans or any Enemy in your way you are to take them Prisoners or Kill them or distress them any other ways or Means your Prudence shall direct you are to take Good Care of your men and not Expose them too much you are to use all Immaginable Protection not to Loos a man if it should Snow you are to Return Imedintly to this Fort if you Discover any Large Body of the Enemy you are to send off of the most Active of your men with Intelligence to me as Soon as you Can Preforme this Scoute you are to Return to this Fort with your Partey I heartily wish you success And am Sr your Humble Servant: . B Gueasier

To Capt Robt Rotgers

CAPT ROGERS' REPORT

Fort W™ Henry Janty ye 29% 1756

Set out with a Partey of fifty men with Orders to Look Into Crown Point & the Advance Battreys that is Built Round it the first Day we martd Down the Lake George aboute Fighten Miles & Camp4 so we Proceed by the west" of the Greate Moun: tains And Continud our March until the 2¢ of Febry than Clamb'4 up a greate Mounton to the westtd of Crown Point about one Mile & Gave it the name of Ogdens Mount there we took a Particular View of the s¢ Fort & the Ridouts that is Built Round it & a Plan of the Same we Laide there untell the Evening then went Down the Mounten marhd through a small Village Aboute half a mile from the Fort to the Suthord there we Laide in Ambush upon each side of the Roade that leads from the Fort through Sad Village there we Laide Untill about nine of the Clock in Mors and there Came Along one French man which we took Prisoner & 2 more were upon the Roade Accomming towards ns but Discoverd our Ambush & made a Speedy Escape to the Fort

Set out with a Partey of fifty men with Orders to Look Into Crown Point & the Advance Battreys that is Built Round it the first Day we martd Down the Lake George aboute Fighten Miles & Camp4 so we Proceed by the west" of the Greate Moun: tains And Continud our March until the 2¢ of Febry than Clamb'4 up a greate Mounton to the westtd of Crown Point about one Mile & Gave it the name of Ogdens Mount there we took a Particular View of the s¢ Fort & the Ridouts that is Built Round it & a Plan of the Same we Laide there untell the Evening then went Down the Mounten marhd through a small Village Aboute half a mile from the Fort to the Suthord there we Laide in Ambush upon each side of the Roade that leads from the Fort through Sad Village there we Laide Untill about nine of the Clock in Mors and there Came Along one French man which we took Prisoner & 2 more were upon the Roade Accomming towards ns but Discoverd our Ambush & made a Speedy Escape to the Fort

SIR WM. JOHNSON'S SCOUTS. 285

& some of my men pursued them within Gun Shoot of the Fort but could not overtake them So we Being Discouerd thought it needles to waite any Longer for Prisoners but Imedently set fire to the Barns & Houses where was abundance of wheat & other Graiens & we Kill4 there Cattle, Horses and Hoogs in Number Aboute fifty Left none Living in s¢ Village to our knowledg aboute 11 o'clock we march4 Home ward Leving the Village on fire the 5th Insta: In the Morning one of our men was taken Sick soI stooped with Seven men & sent the Rest Home with Cap» Cushinn & Liev' Ogden they Arré at our Fort Aboute 6 In the Evening & I got Home the next Day Aboute 4 o'clock In ye - afternoon with the Remainder of my Partey A true Accouny by

& some of my men pursued them within Gun Shoot of the Fort but could not overtake them So we Being Discouerd thought it needles to waite any Longer for Prisoners but Imedently set fire to the Barns & Houses where was abundance of wheat & other Graiens & we Kill4 there Cattle, Horses and Hoogs in Number Aboute fifty Left none Living in s¢ Village to our knowledg aboute 11 o'clock we march4 Home ward Leving the Village on fire the 5th Insta: In the Morning one of our men was taken Sick soI stooped with Seven men & sent the Rest Home with Cap» Cushinn & Liev' Ogden they Arré at our Fort Aboute 6 In the Evening & I got Home the next Day Aboute 4 o'clock In ye - afternoon with the Remainder of my Partey A true Accouny by

your Humble Servant. ° Rosert Roperrs Witnesses

Sermo CusuHine

JOURNAL OF A SCOUT

From Fort William Henry down into Lake Champlain pursuant to an order from his Excellency Major General Shirley to Captin Robert Rogers--as followeth--viz'.

June y® 20th 1756 Set out with a party of fifty men in five Whale Boats & Proceeded at abt twenty miles to an Island in Lake George were we encamped ye next day went five miles farther Down ye Lake and there landed, halled out our Boats ashore and carried them over a Mountain about six miles to South Bay whare we arrived ye 34 July in the afternoon and ye Same evening went down ye Lake at about six miles Distance from ye Forts.

June y® 20th 1756 Set out with a party of fifty men in five Whale Boats & Proceeded at abt twenty miles to an Island in Lake George were we encamped ye next day went five miles farther Down ye Lake and there landed, halled out our Boats ashore and carried them over a Mountain about six miles to South Bay whare we arrived ye 34 July in the afternoon and ye Same evening went down ye Lake at about six miles Distance from ye Forts.

July ye 4th towards morning we halled up ye Boats on the East side of the Lake & Concealed them & lay by untill Evening, then set Out again & Passed by Tiantiroga & found we were not Discovered by being so near ye Enemy as to hear y® Senterys Watch word. We judged from the number of their fires they had a body of about two thousand men, & yt y® Lake in this

286 ; JOURNALS OF

Place to be about Seventy Rods--Continued on till Day light about five miles from ye Fort. then halled up y® Boats & Conee cealed all day on ye Same Shore and discovered 30 going loaded : from expwil point to Sundry Battoes, Loaded and unloaded which ware bark canoes with ing ing ye we e i shout 2 Taian, ae ie & going Bpony rg in ye Evening of from Ticondorog, Y° fifth Day Put of again & attempted to Pass by Crownpoint But thought it imprudent to Pursue this Intention by Reason of the Clearness & light of the Night, So haa Si ome halled up ye Boats again & Lay Concealed all Be cmpty and) Day being of 6t Currant. this Day near one hunpare aoe dred Boats Passed us Seaven of Which Came very [near] us and asked to land at the Point Where we lay but their officer went farther on & Landed about 25 Rods from us Where they Dined in our View But did not think it advisable to Attack them in the Situation we were in--About 9 in ye Evening Set out again Passed ye fort at Crownpoint & went ten miles from it Down ye Lake & halled up ye Boats about brake of Day.

Place to be about Seventy Rods--Continued on till Day light about five miles from ye Fort. then halled up y® Boats & Conee cealed all day on ye Same Shore and discovered 30 going loaded : from expwil point to Sundry Battoes, Loaded and unloaded which ware bark canoes with ing ing ye we e i shout 2 Taian, ae ie & going Bpony rg in ye Evening of from Ticondorog, Y° fifth Day Put of again & attempted to Pass by Crownpoint But thought it imprudent to Pursue this Intention by Reason of the Clearness & light of the Night, So haa Si ome halled up ye Boats again & Lay Concealed all Be cmpty and) Day being of 6t Currant. this Day near one hunpare aoe dred Boats Passed us Seaven of Which Came very [near] us and asked to land at the Point Where we lay but their officer went farther on & Landed about 25 Rods from us Where they Dined in our View But did not think it advisable to Attack them in the Situation we were in--About 9 in ye Evening Set out again Passed ye fort at Crownpoint & went ten miles from it Down ye Lake & halled up ye Boats about brake of Day.

July 7 about 10 in ye Morn. 30 Boats Passed towards Supose part of those CANda also a Light Schooner of about 35 or 40 Seen the day before. tung--Set out again in ye Evening & went 15 miles farther Down and went ashore about 1 oClock a. m. upon a Point on y® East Side of & Immediately Sent a party farther Down the Lake for Discovery. who Saw a Schooner at Anchor Some Distance from ye Shore about a mile from us And upon this Intelligence lightned our Boats & prepared to Board them but were prevented about 3 of ye Clock by two Lighters Coming up the Lake who we found intended to Land in ye Place Where we Were which Vessels we fired npon immediately and atterwards hailled them & offered them Quarters if they would Come ashore which they said they would Comply with but Instead thereof put off in their Boats to ye opposit Shore but we followed them in our Boats & Intercepted them & after taking them found twelve men three of which were killed & two wounded one of the wounded Could not March therefore put an end to him to Prevent Discovery--as soon as y® prisners were Secure we employed our Selves in Destroying & Sinking Vesels and Cargoes-- Which was Chiefly Wheat & flour Rice Wine & Brandy except-

July 7 about 10 in ye Morn. 30 Boats Passed towards Supose part of those CANda also a Light Schooner of about 35 or 40 Seen the day before. tung--Set out again in ye Evening & went 15 miles farther Down and went ashore about 1 oClock a. m. upon a Point on y® East Side of & Immediately Sent a party farther Down the Lake for Discovery. who Saw a Schooner at Anchor Some Distance from ye Shore about a mile from us And upon this Intelligence lightned our Boats & prepared to Board them but were prevented about 3 of ye Clock by two Lighters Coming up the Lake who we found intended to Land in ye Place Where we Were which Vessels we fired npon immediately and atterwards hailled them & offered them Quarters if they would Come ashore which they said they would Comply with but Instead thereof put off in their Boats to ye opposit Shore but we followed them in our Boats & Intercepted them & after taking them found twelve men three of which were killed & two wounded one of the wounded Could not March therefore put an end to him to Prevent Discovery--as soon as y® prisners were Secure we employed our Selves in Destroying & Sinking Vesels and Cargoes-- Which was Chiefly Wheat & flour Rice Wine & Brandy except-

SIR WM. JOHNSON'S SCOUTS. 287

ing Some few Casks of Brandy & Wine which we hid in very secure: Places with our Whale boats at Some Distance on ye opposite Shore the Prisners informed yt about five hundred men of which they were foremost, were on their Passage at about two Legs Distance which occasioned us to set forward on our Return y® Morning of the 8t* Currant & persued our March till ye 12tb Where we arrived on the West Side of Lake George about twenty five miles from Fort Wilm Henry & Sent Lieut Rogers to said fort for Battoes & Provisions to Carry us by water the 14th in ye evening y® Lieut Returned to us with thirty men and ten Battoes & y® 15th at two of the Clock we arrived safe With all my Party & Prisners at Fort Wil™ Henry.

ing Some few Casks of Brandy & Wine which we hid in very secure: Places with our Whale boats at Some Distance on ye opposite Shore the Prisners informed yt about five hundred men of which they were foremost, were on their Passage at about two Legs Distance which occasioned us to set forward on our Return y® Morning of the 8t* Currant & persued our March till ye 12tb Where we arrived on the West Side of Lake George about twenty five miles from Fort Wilm Henry & Sent Lieut Rogers to said fort for Battoes & Provisions to Carry us by water the 14th in ye evening y® Lieut Returned to us with thirty men and ten Battoes & y® 15th at two of the Clock we arrived safe With all my Party & Prisners at Fort Wil™ Henry.

Rogert Rocers

To Sir Wil™ Johnson

CORNELIUS CUYLER'S CALCULATION OF THE DISTANCE

FROM ALBANY TO CROWN POINT.

From Albany to Still Water - - - - 22 mills from Still Water to Sarichtoge - . - 14 from Sarichtoge to the Great Carrying Place - 14 from the Carrying Place a Cross to Wood Creek 10 from the Wood Creek Down to the forks - - 6 from the forks to the Little falls Being the end of

the Wood Creek - - - - - - 24

from the Little falls to the Narrows in the Drowned Lands, where 2 hills are opposite one

another - - - - - is 9 from the Narrows to Tjondaroge where Lake St

From Albany to Still Water - - - - 22 mills from Still Water to Sarichtoge - . - 14 from Sarichtoge to the Great Carrying Place - 14 from the Carrying Place a Cross to Wood Creek 10 from the Wood Creek Down to the forks - - 6 from the forks to the Little falls Being the end of

the Wood Creek - - - - - - 24

from the Little falls to the Narrows in the Drowned Lands, where 2 hills are opposite one

another - - - - - is 9 from the Narrows to Tjondaroge where Lake St

Sacrama falls into the River - - - = QI from Tjondaroge to Crown point - - - 15

ioe 9 2 - ; . a beaut ows : ar ; MA Oped tb é

tear ser 4 Wo nits MKS wma Ab ~

o a

' as se . ee tn we 5 7 Certataliel steslotiyr ocd i hetsd. b> ake) walk ork wank aN Ps ti ke t ore ep ent te Pua os fer om: Fir , an J hE Pe i a1a98 Fhe en Po Oe Te See : ih re ; Oise fai Se adn es hn ee ids waist othe "gd"

ore € be ae ; ¥ 42S ve wii-ain Bee de rt ered i cry meet dice! je RBS 00 17 borer ee of ep bpedataechelaltdiye-onemntaih wank

OERe i lecik soo hauueteyy aie eget, Seiad a Raia ee.

duces oni Q Tooth ioe reg Gh lust i havicie. ow, orak¥h

' as se . ee tn we 5 7 Certataliel steslotiyr ocd i hetsd. b> ake) walk ork wank aN Ps ti ke t ore ep ent te Pua os fer om: Fir , an J hE Pe i a1a98 Fhe en Po Oe Te See : ih re ; Oise fai Se adn es hn ee ids waist othe "gd"

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XII.

| Ns iad eed ill 9 Sth

RELATING PRINCIPALLY TO THE

CONVERSION AND CIVILIZATION

* OF THE

SIX NATIONS OF INDIANS,

INTERSPERSED WITH

Writers

-- ioneen vent Bien, wind sles Sik est dy . "woaniol aH ee

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XII.

| Ns iad eed ill 9 Sth

RELATING PRINCIPALLY TO THE

CONVERSION AND CIVILIZATION

* OF THE

SIX NATIONS OF INDIANS,

INTERSPERSED WITH

Writers

ON OTHER SUBJECTS OF PUBLIC INTEREST.

1642--1776.

Vou. iv. 19

EARLY MISSIONARIES AMONG THE IROQUOIS

IN THE PROVINCE OF NEW YORK.

Jesutts.

Paut Racueneav. Arrived in Canada 28 June 1636; Superior from 1650 to 1653; sent to Onondaga 26 July 1657; left 20 March 1658; died at Paris 3 Sept. 1680.

Isaac Joeves born in France, 1607; arrived in Canada 24 July 1636; prisoner among the Mohawks from Aug. 1642 to Aug. | 1643; sent a missionary to the same tribe in 1646 and killed, (at Caughnawaga as is supposed), 18 Oct. of the same year.

Frs. Jos: Lemercier. Arrived in Canada 20 July 1635; Superior from 1653 to 1656; sent to Onondaga May 17 of the latter year; remained there until 20 March 1658; died in the West Indies.

_ Frs. Durrrron. Arrived in Canada between 1636 and 1638; returned to France Aug. 23 1650; came out a second time, was missionary at Onondaga from 1657 to 1658, and again returned to France 6 Sept. 1658; arrived for the third time in Canada June 30 1665, and died at Fort St Louis, Chambly the 10 Noy. following.

Arrived in Canada 20 July 1635; Superior from 1653 to 1656; sent to Onondaga May 17 of the latter year; remained there until 20 March 1658; died in the West Indies.

_ Frs. Durrrron. Arrived in Canada between 1636 and 1638; returned to France Aug. 23 1650; came out a second time, was missionary at Onondaga from 1657 to 1658, and again returned to France 6 Sept. 1658; arrived for the third time in Canada June 30 1665, and died at Fort St Louis, Chambly the 10 Noy. following.

Simon te Moyne. Arrived in Canada about 1638, when he was sent to the Hurons; sent to Onondaga 2 July 1654; arrived at the Mohawks 16 Sept 1655; remained there until 9 Nov. of same year; sent thither again in 1656; returned 5 Nov. same year; went to the Mohawks a third time 26 Aug. 1657, and returned to Quebec May 21 1658; sent to Onondaga 2 July 1661, returned to Quebec Sept 15, 1662; sent on 30 July 1663 to the Senecas, but remained at Montreal. Died at Cape de la Magdeleine in Canada 24 Nov. 1665.

292 PAPERS RELATING TO

Francois Joseru Bressanr. <A native of Rome; arrived in Canada in 1642 [16382]; prisoner among the Mohawks from Ap'] 30, to 19 Aug. 1644; left for Europe Nov 2, 1650; died at ee 9 Sept. 1672.

Pierre JoserpH Mary Cuavmonor. Born near Chatillon sur Seine; entered at Rome in 1632; arrived in Canada 1 Aug 1639. Sent to Onondaga Sept 19, 1655, abandoned it March 20, 1658. Founded Lorette, and died at Quebec 21 February

Francois Joseru Bressanr. <A native of Rome; arrived in Canada in 1642 [16382]; prisoner among the Mohawks from Ap'] 30, to 19 Aug. 1644; left for Europe Nov 2, 1650; died at ee 9 Sept. 1672.

Pierre JoserpH Mary Cuavmonor. Born near Chatillon sur Seine; entered at Rome in 1632; arrived in Canada 1 Aug 1639. Sent to Onondaga Sept 19, 1655, abandoned it March 20, 1658. Founded Lorette, and died at Quebec 21 February

"1693.

Joseph Anruony Poncet. Arrived in Canada 1 Aug J639; prisoner among the Iroquois from Aug 20 to Oct 3, 1652; started for Onondaga 28 Aug 1657, but recalled at Montreal; left Canada 18th Sept 1657; died at Martinique 18 June 1675.

Rene Menarp. Arrived in Canada July 8, 1640; was a missionary with Lemercier at Onondaga from 1656 to 1658, and afterwards among the Cayugas. Is said to have died in the woods near Lake Superior in Aug. 1661. d

Juvien Garnier. Was born in 1643; arrived in Canada 27 Oct

1662; was ordained Ap'l 1666; sent to the Mohawks May 17, 1668; passed to oneaeey thence to Seneca; on. the mission sath 1683. He appears to have been one of the Missionaries sent to the Cantons in 1702. "In silvis apud Troquois." Catal. 1703.

Ciaupe Darion. Arrived in Canada 1655 when he proceeded to Onondaga, and continued there a few years. He labored afterwards among the tribes of the Upper Jakes, and was Superior from 1670 to 1693. The date of his decease is not known; he was still alive in 1694.

1662; was ordained Ap'l 1666; sent to the Mohawks May 17, 1668; passed to oneaeey thence to Seneca; on. the mission sath 1683. He appears to have been one of the Missionaries sent to the Cantons in 1702. "In silvis apud Troquois." Catal. 1703.

Ciaupe Darion. Arrived in Canada 1655 when he proceeded to Onondaga, and continued there a few years. He labored afterwards among the tribes of the Upper Jakes, and was Superior from 1670 to 1693. The date of his decease is not known; he was still alive in 1694.

Jacques Fremin.. Was missionary at Onondaga from 1656 to 1658; sent to the Mohawks in July, 1667; left there 10 Oct., 1668 for Seneca, where he remained a few years. He

. died at Quebec 20 July, 1691.

Pierre Rarerx. Arrived in Canada 22 Sept 1663; chaplain in in Courcelles' expedition in 1665; sent to Cayuga in 1671; thence, on Carheils' return, to setae where he was in 167 9, He was in Quebec in 1702-3 though in an infirm state of health.

THE SIX NATIONS. 293

Jaques Bruyas. Arrived Aug. 3, 1666. Sent to the Mohawks, July 1667, & to the Oneidas in Sept. where he spent 4 years; thence he returned to the Mohawks in 1672, and was at Onondaga in 1679, in 1700 and 1701. He was still alive in 1703, at Fort St Louis.

Evrenne pe Carneri. Arrived in Canada 6 Aug. 1666; sent to Cayuga 1668--absent in 1671, 2; returned and remained until 1684. Died at Quebec July 1726. He is said to have spoken the Iroquois better than his own language.

Sent to the Mohawks, July 1667, & to the Oneidas in Sept. where he spent 4 years; thence he returned to the Mohawks in 1672, and was at Onondaga in 1679, in 1700 and 1701. He was still alive in 1703, at Fort St Louis.

Evrenne pe Carneri. Arrived in Canada 6 Aug. 1666; sent to Cayuga 1668--absent in 1671, 2; returned and remained until 1684. Died at Quebec July 1726. He is said to have spoken the Iroquois better than his own language.

Pierre Miter. Was sent with de Carheil to Cayuga; left in 1684; was at Niagara in 1688; taken prisoner at Cataracouy in 1689 and remained in captivity until October 1694 He was alive in 1701 and Charlevoix, who came in 1705,

, says that he lived several years with him.

Jean Pierron. Arrived in Canada 27 June 1667; sent to the Mohawks the following month; returned to Quebec and arrived again among the Mohawks 7 Oct. 1668; left in 1670 and was sent to the Senecas after 1672,3 where he still was in 1679.

Jean peLampervinty. Arrived probably ind668. At Onondaga in 1671, 2; left it and was sent to Niagara in 1687; at Laprairie in 1690 and in France in 1699.

Francois Boyrrace. Sent to the Mohawks in 1668, 9; laboring there after 1673; died at Quebec 17 Dec. 1674.

Frs. Variant pe Guests; arrived prior to. 1674. Succeeded Father Boniface among the Mohawks about 1674; accompanied the expedition against the Senecas in 1687; on the 31 Dec. of that year was sent to New York and to the Senecas in 1703, 4.

At Onondaga in 1671, 2; left it and was sent to Niagara in 1687; at Laprairie in 1690 and in France in 1699.

Francois Boyrrace. Sent to the Mohawks in 1668, 9; laboring there after 1673; died at Quebec 17 Dec. 1674.

Frs. Variant pe Guests; arrived prior to. 1674. Succeeded Father Boniface among the Mohawks about 1674; accompanied the expedition against the Senecas in 1687; on the 31 Dec. of that year was sent to New York and to the Senecas in 1703, 4.

Jacques' pp Lamservitte. Among the Mohawks in 1675-8; subsequently at Onondaga which place he left in 1686. At Montreal in 1700, again among the Jroquois in 1703, and at Onondaga in Sept 1708. He was at Cayuga in 1709, whence he fled on the breaking out of the war.

Pierre pE Marevit. At Onondaga in June 1709, when he surrendered himself to the English in consequence of war breaking out between the latter and the French, and

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came to Albany where the government caused every attention to be paid to him,as appearsby Journ. Ass.i., 255. Jacques D'Hev was a Missionary among the Onondagasin 1708; and in 1709 among the Senecas; is said to have been drowned in 1728. Aytuony Gorpon, founded St Regis in 1769, with a Colony from Sault St. Loui

Sulpitians.

Francis Picquer. Came to America in 1733; founded Oswe gatchie in 1748; abandoned that place in 1760, and died in France 15 July 1781.

Pierre Paut Frs. pe ta Garpe. Succeeded Abbe Picquet at. Oswegatchie; died at Montreal April 4 1784.

Jacques D'Hev was a Missionary among the Onondagasin 1708; and in 1709 among the Senecas; is said to have been drowned in 1728. Aytuony Gorpon, founded St Regis in 1769, with a Colony from Sault St. Loui

Sulpitians.

Francis Picquer. Came to America in 1733; founded Oswe gatchie in 1748; abandoned that place in 1760, and died in France 15 July 1781.

Pierre Paut Frs. pe ta Garpe. Succeeded Abbe Picquet at. Oswegatchie; died at Montreal April 4 1784.

*.* Weare Indebted to the politeness of Mr. Joun M. Suna S. J. for the preceding list. Ep.

REV? M® HARTWICK TO SIR W™ JOHNSON.

Honourable Sir, May it please Your Honour.

Here i make bold to communicate to Your Honour a Project for the better peopling governing and defending of the Limits of North America, wich i leave to Your Honts Wisdom and Discretion, if you could aprove of it Sir, or devise any better, i conceive it would be more taken Notice of, if proposed to his Majesty, by Way of an Advice of the Indians. I have thought Sir, that it would be more for the good of the Planta tions in the present Circumstances, if the Cost, wich must be spent to the Carrying on of a War, were imployed for transporting settlers, and providing for them for one year at least, besides parchasing of Implements and Cattle and that a Circling Line might be improved and at convenient Places and Distances Forts and Towns erected and a Borroagh Grave or Guard a limit settled at Camp Johnson, at Oswego, at Lake Erie and at Ohio, wich Borroagh Graves should be immediates that is independents of the Respective Goverments but only depending on his Majesty's Orders, and only accountable to him. To whom a District sufii-

I have thought Sir, that it would be more for the good of the Planta tions in the present Circumstances, if the Cost, wich must be spent to the Carrying on of a War, were imployed for transporting settlers, and providing for them for one year at least, besides parchasing of Implements and Cattle and that a Circling Line might be improved and at convenient Places and Distances Forts and Towns erected and a Borroagh Grave or Guard a limit settled at Camp Johnson, at Oswego, at Lake Erie and at Ohio, wich Borroagh Graves should be immediates that is independents of the Respective Goverments but only depending on his Majesty's Orders, and only accountable to him. To whom a District sufii-

THE SIX NATIONS. 295

©

cient for its own Defence should be granted and assigned, with Power sufficient for the Defence thereof, wich at set Times should be subject to a Visitation of a Commission of his Majesty, whose Power must be more extensive in the Beginning in order to make Tryal and subject to Limitations from his Majesty as oceasion should offer. .This i conceive is the Method, by wich the German Emperors have preserved their Extensive Territories against the Incursions of the Barbarians, in former Times You know Sir, it doth not signify, to claim and even conquer large Territories, if you can not keep them, and you cannot keep them except you can settle them, and that it will cost less to settle and improve them then in process of time it will cost the king and Country to erect Forts keep them in Repair and maintain Garrisons at so great a Distance from the Settlements It will indeed cost more in the Beginning and at once, but these Costs will lessen and determine and instead thereof the Income of the Country will increase and the Costs and Troubles of Ware will be spared.

cient for its own Defence should be granted and assigned, with Power sufficient for the Defence thereof, wich at set Times should be subject to a Visitation of a Commission of his Majesty, whose Power must be more extensive in the Beginning in order to make Tryal and subject to Limitations from his Majesty as oceasion should offer. .This i conceive is the Method, by wich the German Emperors have preserved their Extensive Territories against the Incursions of the Barbarians, in former Times You know Sir, it doth not signify, to claim and even conquer large Territories, if you can not keep them, and you cannot keep them except you can settle them, and that it will cost less to settle and improve them then in process of time it will cost the king and Country to erect Forts keep them in Repair and maintain Garrisons at so great a Distance from the Settlements It will indeed cost more in the Beginning and at once, but these Costs will lessen and determine and instead thereof the Income of the Country will increase and the Costs and Troubles of Ware will be spared. But then i would also advise That such Borrough Graves or Guard a limits must settle first in the Fixt Line one towards the other, and that in defensible Towns, so that the settling must begin at their respective Residences and so round about and extending first and principally as much as possible from the Residence of one Borrough Grave to the other and to secure the Communication of the Burggraves with one another Forts must be erected at convenient Places and proper Distances between them, and a Correspondence by Post and express kept. If the Crown would resolve upon this Method it would be adviseable to listen at present to the Proposals of the French Carl for an accommodation, on Condition that the Forts errected on the kings Territories be immediately demolished.

But then i would also advise That such Borrough Graves or Guard a limits must settle first in the Fixt Line one towards the other, and that in defensible Towns, so that the settling must begin at their respective Residences and so round about and extending first and principally as much as possible from the Residence of one Borrough Grave to the other and to secure the Communication of the Burggraves with one another Forts must be erected at convenient Places and proper Distances between them, and a Correspondence by Post and express kept. If the Crown would resolve upon this Method it would be adviseable to listen at present to the Proposals of the French Carl for an accommodation, on Condition that the Forts errected on the kings Territories be immediately demolished. And if then this Method was immediately put in Execution, we would gain upon Canada insensibly so that they would be -- obliged to be in fear of us in place that we must now be in fear 'of them. If Your Honour approves of my scheme and promoteth a Subscription of the Indians to the Inclosed Petition i shall, God willing undertake a Voyage to England and promote the scheme, _ with all my might. I wish that i might be so happy to speak with your Honour about it, or to obtain an Answer in Writing

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But Circumstances bid me conclude Recommending Sir, Your Honourable Person, House, Office and circumstances to the Divine Favour and Protection, and my self to the Continuation of yours i remain with all possible Respect. Honourable Sir Your Honour ° most obedient Servant

If Your Honour approves of my scheme and promoteth a Subscription of the Indians to the Inclosed Petition i shall, God willing undertake a Voyage to England and promote the scheme, _ with all my might. I wish that i might be so happy to speak with your Honour about it, or to obtain an Answer in Writing

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But Circumstances bid me conclude Recommending Sir, Your Honourable Person, House, Office and circumstances to the Divine Favour and Protection, and my self to the Continuation of yours i remain with all possible Respect. Honourable Sir Your Honour ° most obedient Servant

J.C. Hartwick. Staatsborough ye 18th Januty 1756.

P. S. Since according to his Majestys Instructions a Fund for an Indefinite Salary for the Governor must be provided Quarit wether not this scheme might be improved. so as to be some: thing subservient to it, in such Case it would be advizable that such Burggraviates must be. subject to the Governors.and a Deputy. Governor resident in the Chief Burgtown. And i have. forgotten in the Letter to observe that the Inhabitants, who must be obligd, by Turns to guard the Forts and defend the Frontiers must be exempt from taxes and from bearing a share in the Expenses belonging to the Government of the Provinces to wich they are the Barrier. I hope Sir you will improve these Raw Hints, wich to Day expecting your arrival are come in my. mind and that you will pardon my Freedom and immature Patriotism I wish you, Honourable Sir, an happy New Year and if "possible Peace, if not, Victory and Success.

And i have. forgotten in the Letter to observe that the Inhabitants, who must be obligd, by Turns to guard the Forts and defend the Frontiers must be exempt from taxes and from bearing a share in the Expenses belonging to the Government of the Provinces to wich they are the Barrier. I hope Sir you will improve these Raw Hints, wich to Day expecting your arrival are come in my. mind and that you will pardon my Freedom and immature Patriotism I wish you, Honourable Sir, an happy New Year and if "possible Peace, if not, Victory and Success.

REV. MR HARTWICK TO THE MOHAWKS OF CANAJOHARE.

Beloved Brethren ! Grace be unto you, and Peace from God our Father and from the Lord Jesus Christ.

For as much asi have been hindred for a considerable Time, both by Reason of Sickness and your absence to see your Face or to write to you, and asi apprehend, you might be'concerned or troubled in your mind about it as i am: icould not forbear imbracing an opportunity of Speaking to you in Letters, wich i

THE SIX NATIONS. 297

expected the Honourable General Johnson, would give me if i ora Letter could hit him at his Return from New York. Dear Brethren, i at the same Time will condole and congratulate you. that ou the victory obtained by you ; this because of the spilling of so much noble and brave Blood, in particular that of our Brother Henry. But i- forbear, saying more about it, least i should perhaps make the Wound, wich beginns to heal soar and bleed again. Let it be to your Comfort: That he died in a good Cause as a faithfull allie and a brave Captain, and sleepeth on the Bed of Honour, where his Name will be a good Savour, as long as a Free Englishman and faithful Mohawk remains over - Andas he hath been your Brother your Father and your (aptain, it is your Duty to be a Guard to the Bed whereon he sleepeth.

But i- forbear, saying more about it, least i should perhaps make the Wound, wich beginns to heal soar and bleed again. Let it be to your Comfort: That he died in a good Cause as a faithfull allie and a brave Captain, and sleepeth on the Bed of Honour, where his Name will be a good Savour, as long as a Free Englishman and faithful Mohawk remains over - Andas he hath been your Brother your Father and your (aptain, it is your Duty to be a Guard to the Bed whereon he sleepeth. That no perfidious Frenchmen may disturbe the Rest of his Bones, and ashes: And if the French and their Slaves will not rest satisfied with the litle Revenge you have taken from them, and desist from their Incroachments and cruel Ravages, and restore what they have unjustly taken: then stand up for your and your Bretherns Right and revenge the dear Blood so unjustly spilt! I would also beseech you, Brethern that you would not suffer, that some, who are unworthy to be lookd upon by you as Brethren or even Men, because they are more cruel than Savage Beasts, might spoil the Good name and Fame you have of late purchased with your blood. That your Heart might not be as a stone but be moved with Compassion and on hearing of the more then barbarous Treatment your Brethren ° the English in Pensylvania & parts. adjacent have met with.

And as to the Cognawaghes who are of your Blood, let them know that it would have been 100 Times' better for them, to have accepted your Generous offer of Peace and Friendship then to Reject' Iton so frivolous Excuses; as; their having been washd with the same Water as the French Since there is but one Baptism, and you are washd with the same Water as they.

That your Heart might not be as a stone but be moved with Compassion and on hearing of the more then barbarous Treatment your Brethren ° the English in Pensylvania & parts. adjacent have met with.

And as to the Cognawaghes who are of your Blood, let them know that it would have been 100 Times' better for them, to have accepted your Generous offer of Peace and Friendship then to Reject' Iton so frivolous Excuses; as; their having been washd with the same Water as the French Since there is but one Baptism, and you are washd with the same Water as they. Since even the Papists do not even repaptize those of the protistants that imbrace their superstitions Way of Worship.

I let you know also beloved, that if you are good spiritual Warriors who manfully fight under the Banner of your Chief Captain Jesus, against your Spiritual Enemies} vidz' wicked

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Spirits & men as also your own bad Inclinations and Habits : That then the Great God, who is calld Immanuel, that isto say : God with us will be with you & fight your Battles.

Lastly my Brethren, Let my tears be wipd of, for the Death of my Brother Henry, by a letter to Great King George, wich i beseech you to subscribe in my Behalf, lest i might loose the Fruit of so many years' toil, trouble and charges. And i assure you, as soon as the Lord shall enable me, you shall not find me ungratefull. And as I have not been unmindfull hitherto, but remembered you at the Throne of Grace, so i shall in Times to COME: j4 |

Lastly my Brethren, Let my tears be wipd of, for the Death of my Brother Henry, by a letter to Great King George, wich i beseech you to subscribe in my Behalf, lest i might loose the Fruit of so many years' toil, trouble and charges. And i assure you, as soon as the Lord shall enable me, you shall not find me ungratefull. And as I have not been unmindfull hitherto, but remembered you at the Throne of Grace, so i shall in Times to COME: j4 |

, The Lord be with you and your Love with me, who am Beloved Brethren your Loving Brother Servant and Intercessor- by God

a Joun Curistopuer Hartwick. Staatsborough

y° 15" of January 1756. (Addressed) To Abraham Petersen, Paylus Petersen, Niclas and the Rest of the Brethren of the Mohawks of the Castle at Canadshohare

~

+e

PROPOSED ADDRESS TO THE KING IN FAVOR OF THE REV? MR HARTWICK.

To the Great Sachem of the Brittish Nation George the Second of Great Brittain, France and Ireland King, Defender of the pure Christian Faith N ursing Father of the seven Indian . Nations of America The humble Address of the Chiefs and others of. the Mohawk Indians of Canad Schohary May it please Your Majesty ! Whereas We from a long Experience, are convinced, not only of Your Majestys Power and Inclination, to defend your subjects

THE SIX NATIONS. 299

from the Insults and Attacks of their Ennemies, but also of your Majesty's Faithfullness in Performing your Coyenants with your Majesty's alliance and Protection a that of the French King against all attemts of the latter to intice and move us to the Contrary and therefore both formerly and now in particular lately, being moved thereunto, by our Brother General Johnsen have renewed the Covenant Chain subsisting between Your Majesty and the Six Nations, and increased it, with lincking another Nation to it, by wich means Your Majestys Interest is . become ours, wich now, after the famous and glorious Battel and Victory fought and obtained against and over the French Army at Lake George, under the Wise Conduct of our brave Brother General Johnsen, since it costs us a good proportion of our best and noblest Blood, our Captain Henry besides

from the Insults and Attacks of their Ennemies, but also of your Majesty's Faithfullness in Performing your Coyenants with your Majesty's alliance and Protection a that of the French King against all attemts of the latter to intice and move us to the Contrary and therefore both formerly and now in particular lately, being moved thereunto, by our Brother General Johnsen have renewed the Covenant Chain subsisting between Your Majesty and the Six Nations, and increased it, with lincking another Nation to it, by wich means Your Majestys Interest is . become ours, wich now, after the famous and glorious Battel and Victory fought and obtained against and over the French Army at Lake George, under the Wise Conduct of our brave Brother General Johnsen, since it costs us a good proportion of our best and noblest Blood, our Captain Henry besides

more being killd in it, to wich Victory on this occasion we take the opportunity humbly and heartily to congratulate Yeur Majesty, is become still more so. Hence, and from many considerations more it is morally impossible for us, That we should undertake, do or advize any thing, to the Hurt of Your Majesty's' or our Brethren's Your Faithful Subjects Interest.

And whereas We, who live between Your Majesty's and the French Kings Territories naturally must know better, what is conducive to the Defension of the Fronteer of Your Majestys Dominions in America, than those living remoter can know.

Therefore do we hope, that Your Majesty will graciously indulge us humbly to advize something concerning the Savety of the extreme Parts of Your Majesty's Dominions.

Hence, and from many considerations more it is morally impossible for us, That we should undertake, do or advize any thing, to the Hurt of Your Majesty's' or our Brethren's Your Faithful Subjects Interest.

And whereas We, who live between Your Majesty's and the French Kings Territories naturally must know better, what is conducive to the Defension of the Fronteer of Your Majestys Dominions in America, than those living remoter can know.

Therefore do we hope, that Your Majesty will graciously indulge us humbly to advize something concerning the Savety of the extreme Parts of Your Majesty's Dominions.

By long Experience we know, that the Guarding the Provinces of Your Majesty against the Incroachments and Insults of a foreign Enemy, by Means depending on an Assembly the Members whereof, for the greatest Part live remote from them, is a very precarious and ineffectual Method, and therefore humbly take upon us, to propose another, vizt.

That Your Majesty might be pleased, to grant, to such Persons, as were willing and able to settle and cultivate and to whom we should be inclined to sell, Tracts of Land sufficient to erect Towns and Forts thereon, under the Restrictions and Conditions, to settle thereon in Towns, and not in so scattered a Manner as

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is done in other Paris of the Country, to Fortify, Garrison nd defend such Towns, to settle and maintain Ministers of the Gospeland Schoolmasters, both for themselves and the Indians living | about them: and to free such Towns and Precincts from allother public Taxes Expenses and troubles, wherein they should not particularly be concerned. - And whereas we find John Christopher Hartwick minister of the Gospel inclined and conceive him able to promote both the kingdom of Christ and that of Your Majesty: therefore after he had obtained Your Majestys Lycence to purchase, we have sold to him in Your Majestys Name a Tract of Land the remotest, that hath been purchased yet.

is done in other Paris of the Country, to Fortify, Garrison nd defend such Towns, to settle and maintain Ministers of the Gospeland Schoolmasters, both for themselves and the Indians living | about them: and to free such Towns and Precincts from allother public Taxes Expenses and troubles, wherein they should not particularly be concerned. - And whereas we find John Christopher Hartwick minister of the Gospel inclined and conceive him able to promote both the kingdom of Christ and that of Your Majesty: therefore after he had obtained Your Majestys Lycence to purchase, we have sold to him in Your Majestys Name a Tract of Land the remotest, that hath been purchased yet. And whereas both by Reason of the great Distance from markett and because of the Nearness to the Enemies Country and the Adjoining Wilderness of the people that would undertake to settle it must labour under great Hardships and Difficulties, arising from the above mentioned Circumstances easily to be conceived and too tedious to mention to Your Majesty and whereas the far greater part of the Tract of 'Land aforesaid is not improvable, and what is so is much interrupted by Hills, so that the good cannot be seperated from the bad, without putting the undertaker to insupportable Charges, the Land must either remain waste to the Detriment of Your Majesty's Interest because it cannot make good the charges and Fees of Surveying and Patenting, wich are great, or bring up the Quitrent, wich is now higher than that wich is paid from good and conveniently and savely situated Land, or an Exemption must be granted. _ For these Reasons and from such Considerations as these, as also trom the Confidence we put in the Grace and Favour, wich Your Majesty hath allways been wont to bestow upon us We have taken upon us to intercede to Your Majesty in Behalf of the aforementioned John Christopher Hartwick humbly praying Your Majesty, to grant to the said John Christopher Hartwick the Tracts of Land sold to him by us; and more particularly described in the Deeds of Conveyance and Returns of the Surveyor; on such easy Terms as to Your Majesty in Your Grace and Wisdom 'shall seem most fit and expedient for the Intents and Purposes: aforementioned, wich we forbear mentioning at

And whereas both by Reason of the great Distance from markett and because of the Nearness to the Enemies Country and the Adjoining Wilderness of the people that would undertake to settle it must labour under great Hardships and Difficulties, arising from the above mentioned Circumstances easily to be conceived and too tedious to mention to Your Majesty and whereas the far greater part of the Tract of 'Land aforesaid is not improvable, and what is so is much interrupted by Hills, so that the good cannot be seperated from the bad, without putting the undertaker to insupportable Charges, the Land must either remain waste to the Detriment of Your Majesty's Interest because it cannot make good the charges and Fees of Surveying and Patenting, wich are great, or bring up the Quitrent, wich is now higher than that wich is paid from good and conveniently and savely situated Land, or an Exemption must be granted. _ For these Reasons and from such Considerations as these, as also trom the Confidence we put in the Grace and Favour, wich Your Majesty hath allways been wont to bestow upon us We have taken upon us to intercede to Your Majesty in Behalf of the aforementioned John Christopher Hartwick humbly praying Your Majesty, to grant to the said John Christopher Hartwick the Tracts of Land sold to him by us; and more particularly described in the Deeds of Conveyance and Returns of the Surveyor; on such easy Terms as to Your Majesty in Your Grace and Wisdom 'shall seem most fit and expedient for the Intents and Purposes: aforementioned, wich we forbear mentioning at

THE SIX NATIONS. 301

Large being confident Your Majestys Wisdom will from this Hint easily infer them.

If Your Majesty shall be pleased to grant these our Prayers we shall thanckfully acknowledge it, as a Token of Your Majestys especial Grace and Favour towards us, and use our best Endeavours by a Faithfull Attachment to Your Majestys Crown to deserve it allways praying to the Heavenly Father-to support Your Majesty in Your old age, with continual Supplies of Heavenly and Royal Gifts, Graces Power and Strength to the longest Period of Life, and to crown Your Endeavors for the Happiness of Your People and maintaining Peace among. Christian Princes, with Success, and at last when Your Majesty shall be full of Days to leave Your Crown toa Prince of Your Royal Blood, who shall not be unworthy to be Son to such a Father and Successor to such a king, and to receive a Crown of Glory in the Heavenly kingdom that fadeth not.

Finally, we pray, That Your Majesty would be pleased to continue that fatherly Care and Protection wich we have hitherto injoyed towards us and our Brethren the Six Nations and to receive into the same also the Nation of wich by the. Care of our Brother Johnson hath been joined with us and linek to the Covenant Chain in particular we pray That Your Majesty would be pleased to provide for us, to the Glory of God and our Souls Wellfare a Church and a Minister residing among us; that we may more fully enjoy the Light of the Gospel, wich hath begun to dawn upon us; That we delivered from the Power of Darkness may walk in it--and Your Majestys Petitioners shall ever pray May it please Your Majesty

Care of our Brother Johnson hath been joined with us and linek to the Covenant Chain in particular we pray That Your Majesty would be pleased to provide for us, to the Glory of God and our Souls Wellfare a Church and a Minister residing among us; that we may more fully enjoy the Light of the Gospel, wich hath begun to dawn upon us; That we delivered from the Power of Darkness may walk in it--and Your Majestys Petitioners shall ever pray May it please Your Majesty

Your Majesty's * most humble and obedient Servants

REV MR. OGILVIE TO SIR WM JOHNSON. Albany May 14% 1756 Dear Sir--I hope before this you have received the Lines | sent to the care of M® Peterson of Schenectady I inclose a Letter I just now rec? and was in Hopes toe have sent you the public

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Papers but none come to Hand. This Morning arrived an Express from Virginia, the contents have not yet transpired: I imagine the Indians and French have penetrated far into that Province by some hints-I have heard.

I plainly foresee, unless we act with more Vigour & uanimity, we shall become a Byword among the Heathen, and the Enemy will Laugh us to scorn. Y heard Geni Shirley say that he would order _ Montrosure to plan a Defensible Fort which he intended to send to you, as a Model for the Forts among the Indians, and that he would order them immediately to be built as he looked upon it the only Measure left to secure the Alliance of the five Nations : For my part I thought Mr Shirley's Zeal for the public would not have left this Measure to be executed at this Time, espeéially as we were told in the public Papers, that the six Nations were effectually secured by his Activity the last Summer: Iam very apprehensive, from what I hear, that the Delawares will obstruct our building a Fort at Onogquaga, and I fear yowll meet with Difficulty in procuring Workmen for that Service.

Y heard Geni Shirley say that he would order _ Montrosure to plan a Defensible Fort which he intended to send to you, as a Model for the Forts among the Indians, and that he would order them immediately to be built as he looked upon it the only Measure left to secure the Alliance of the five Nations : For my part I thought Mr Shirley's Zeal for the public would not have left this Measure to be executed at this Time, espeéially as we were told in the public Papers, that the six Nations were effectually secured by his Activity the last Summer: Iam very apprehensive, from what I hear, that the Delawares will obstruct our building a Fort at Onogquaga, and I fear yowll meet with Difficulty in procuring Workmen for that Service. I am quite of opinion, that those who undertake that affair should be well guarded. Yesterday Sr I....St L[ege]r was in violent Wrath in consequence of a Letter from Broadstreet, what the Contents were I know not: I believe the Gen! is embarrassed between them both: One, I am convinced he must give up, and I am inclined to think he'll in appearance drop Broadstreet, for Material Reasons. I am vastly diverted to see Alexander pursuing §r John.where ever he goes. Iam Sensible their Accounts puzzled them confoundedly. I am this minute inform'd That the French & Indians had surrounded Winchester & that Washington was there only with fifty Men but that the Militia of Ten Counties were on their March for it's Relief. Major Sparkes sends his Compliments, Mrs Ogilvie joins in our best Wishes Pray make my Compliments to Capt Wraxal

I am vastly diverted to see Alexander pursuing §r John.where ever he goes. Iam Sensible their Accounts puzzled them confoundedly. I am this minute inform'd That the French & Indians had surrounded Winchester & that Washington was there only with fifty Men but that the Militia of Ten Counties were on their March for it's Relief. Major Sparkes sends his Compliments, Mrs Ogilvie joins in our best Wishes Pray make my Compliments to Capt Wraxal

I am Dr Sir yours affectionately Joun Ocitvim.

P. 8. This Minute all the Barracks at the Patrons Mils were consumed by Fire by which Means a great Quantity of Wheat. is lost. '

\\

\

THE SIX NATIONS. 303

SIR WM JOHNSON TO THE REV. JEAN B. ROUBAULT,

JESUIT MISSIONARY AT ST FRANCIS.

a Fort Johnson, 1st March 1761 ir

It is but a few days since I had y¢ pleasure of receiving your most polite and friendly letter. I wish it had been in my power when in Canada, to have made you more sensible of my good inclination to serve you, or any gentleman in your then unhappy scituation, as nothing could ever afford me a more Sensible happiness than to be able to reward merit & relieve ye distressed. Your very Generous and gratefull Sentiments, expressed on ye occasion, far exceed any thing I could have done for so worthy a Person wherefor all I can say in return is, that I shall ever be desirous of & wish for a favorable oportunity to convince you of my esteem.

I wish it had been in my power when in Canada, to have made you more sensible of my good inclination to serve you, or any gentleman in your then unhappy scituation, as nothing could ever afford me a more Sensible happiness than to be able to reward merit & relieve ye distressed. Your very Generous and gratefull Sentiments, expressed on ye occasion, far exceed any thing I could have done for so worthy a Person wherefor all I can say in return is, that I shall ever be desirous of & wish for a favorable oportunity to convince you of my esteem.

Thave on my arrival last Autum acquainted the Loups of Orange also the Siz Nations with wt passed between me & the Abanakis your Flock, concerning that unlucky affair, and desired they would all remain quiet until the Spring of the year, when, I assured them proper satisfaction would be made for what had been done by the Abanakis, they all acquiesced, and now expect the arrival of said Indians soon when that happens I shall take care to have the affair properly made up, and a good understanding settled between both Parties, and in order to enable the Abanakis the better to come to Albany unmolested I have ordered Lient Claus now at Montreal my Deputy Agent, to give them a Flag w" they are to carry when coming this way, and at the same time, desired he would (on my acct) advance you for your own use Ten pounds, which I hope you will please to accept as a small Token of my regard for you. The good disposition of ye Indians y* way gives.me great pleasure, and hope they will be sensible enough to continue it, as it will be for their own Interest.

Thave on my arrival last Autum acquainted the Loups of Orange also the Siz Nations with wt passed between me & the Abanakis your Flock, concerning that unlucky affair, and desired they would all remain quiet until the Spring of the year, when, I assured them proper satisfaction would be made for what had been done by the Abanakis, they all acquiesced, and now expect the arrival of said Indians soon when that happens I shall take care to have the affair properly made up, and a good understanding settled between both Parties, and in order to enable the Abanakis the better to come to Albany unmolested I have ordered Lient Claus now at Montreal my Deputy Agent, to give them a Flag w" they are to carry when coming this way, and at the same time, desired he would (on my acct) advance you for your own use Ten pounds, which I hope you will please to accept as a small Token of my regard for you. The good disposition of ye Indians y* way gives.me great pleasure, and hope they will be sensible enough to continue it, as it will be for their own Interest. You may assure them Sir, from me, that as long as they behave well, they will have my good wishes, and interest with whatever generel may be here, and I flatter myself while they have you

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for their guide, they will not do any thing to forfeit it. I wish you all the success imaginable and am with perfect esteem Sir Your Sincere friend & very Humble Servant W.d.

The good disposition of ye Indians y* way gives.me great pleasure, and hope they will be sensible enough to continue it, as it will be for their own Interest. You may assure them Sir, from me, that as long as they behave well, they will have my good wishes, and interest with whatever generel may be here, and I flatter myself while they have you

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for their guide, they will not do any thing to forfeit it. I wish you all the success imaginable and am with perfect esteem Sir Your Sincere friend & very Humble Servant W.d.

*,* Father Jean Basile Roubault, to whom this letter is addressed, is represented. as having arrived inCanada in 1742 and remained there until 1764. Ep.

REV. MR. BROWN TO SIR W. JOHNSON.

Sr

I proposed being at Fort-Hunter on Sunday Next but am unhappily disappointed by being so much out of Order that I am incapable of undertaking so long a Journey. Besides I have Duty to do at Albany to morrow, if I find myself capable. I hope you have not acquainted the Indians of my Design of coming, or if you have, shall esteem it as a Favour if you will let the Interpritor acquaint y™ of my Reason for Not coming. Major Rogers who favour's me with this, will acquaint you of all the News stiring, shall therefore to avoid giving you farther Trouble beg

leave to subscribe myself Yt most obedient

Hum: Servant Albany Friday. March 27th T: Brown.

I hope you have not acquainted the Indians of my Design of coming, or if you have, shall esteem it as a Favour if you will let the Interpritor acquaint y™ of my Reason for Not coming. Major Rogers who favour's me with this, will acquaint you of all the News stiring, shall therefore to avoid giving you farther Trouble beg

leave to subscribe myself Yt most obedient

Hum: Servant Albany Friday. March 27th T: Brown.

T received the enclos'd of Mr Corry, & was in hopes of deli: vering it info y" own Hands.

*,* Rey. Tiros. Brown, of whom there are some few particulars.in Doc. His, fii, § xxi, was Deputy Chaplain to H. M. 60th Reg't of Foot, or Royal Americans, according to his own petition, and not to the 27th regiment, as already erroneously stated. He supplied the Rey. Mr. Ogilvie's place at Albany from 21 Dec. 1760 to Nov. 1761, when he also was ordered on an expedition. At the desire of St. Peter's Congregation he was, on his return, appointed Mr. Ogilvie's successor, and continued to have charge of that church until 1767, when he was succeeded by Rey. Harry Munro. (Abstract Soc. Prop. Gosp.) For his subsequent career, the reader is referred to the 3d vol. of this work.

1 e

THE SIX NATIONS. 305

SIR W. JOHNSON TO THE REV. ELEAZER WHEELOCK.

Fort Johnson, Nov" 17th 1761 Reverand Sir,

Yours of the 24 Inst I had a few days ago The pleasure of receiveing by y® hands of Kirtland,' I am pleased to find ye Lads I sent have meritted your good opinion of them. I expect they will return, and hope will make such progress in the English Language, & their Learning, as may prove to your Satisfaction, & the Benifit of the Indians, who are realy much to be Pittied-- my absence these four month, has prevented my design of encourageing some more Lads going to you, and since my return (which is but Lately) I have not had an opportunity of seeing either Old or Young, bing all on their Hunt, when they come back, I shall talk with, & advise their Parents to Embrace this favourable opertunity of havin their Children instructed, and doubt not of their readiness to Lay hold of so kind & charitable an offer.

I expect they will return, and hope will make such progress in the English Language, & their Learning, as may prove to your Satisfaction, & the Benifit of the Indians, who are realy much to be Pittied-- my absence these four month, has prevented my design of encourageing some more Lads going to you, and since my return (which is but Lately) I have not had an opportunity of seeing either Old or Young, bing all on their Hunt, when they come back, I shall talk with, & advise their Parents to Embrace this favourable opertunity of havin their Children instructed, and doubt not of their readiness to Lay hold of so kind & charitable an offer.

Kirtlands intention of Learning ye Mohawk language I much approve of, as after acquireing it, he could (when qualified) be of vast service to them as a Clergy man which they much want, and are verry desireous of having.

The present Laudable design of instructing A number of Indian Boys will I doubt not, when more known, lead Several Gentlemen to contribute towards it, & enable You thereby to increase the number of Scholars, wt* whom I shall not be backward to contribute my mite.

I have given in charge to Joseph? to speak in my name to any

1 Rev. Samuel Kirtland, afterwards so celebrated as a missionary among the * Oneidas. His life, by his grandson, Rev. S. K. Lothrop, will be found in Spark's Amer. Biography, 2 ser. XV.

2 This was the celebrated Josren Brant, Thay-en-de-nea-ga, since so well known through Col. Stone's elaborate biography of him. We find the following account of his introduction to the Rey. Mr. Wheelock in the latter's Narrative of 'the Indian School at Lebanon, 1763. '' Taz Honourable Scorcu Commissioners in and near Boston, understanding and approving of the Design of sending for Indian Children of remote Tribes, to be educated here, were the first Body, or Society, who have led the Way in making an Attempt for that purpose.

2 This was the celebrated Josren Brant, Thay-en-de-nea-ga, since so well known through Col. Stone's elaborate biography of him. We find the following account of his introduction to the Rey. Mr. Wheelock in the latter's Narrative of 'the Indian School at Lebanon, 1763. '' Taz Honourable Scorcu Commissioners in and near Boston, understanding and approving of the Design of sending for Indian Children of remote Tribes, to be educated here, were the first Body, or Society, who have led the Way in making an Attempt for that purpose. Which because of the Newness and remarkable Success of it, and because it may encour-

Vou. iv. 20

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good Boys he may See, and incourage 'em to accept the Generous offer now made them, wh he promised to do, & Return as Soon as possible & that without horses--in case there should not a Sufficient number go now, I will on return of y® Inds from Huntage sucha Design in time to come, I suppose it may not be disagreeable, if I am a little particular in my aceount of it: While I was in Boston they passed a Vote to this purpose, May 7, 1761, 'That the Rev. Mr. Wheelock of Lebanon be. desired, to fit out David Fowler, an Indian Youth, to accompany Mr. Sampson Occom, going on a Mission to the Oneidas, that said David be supported on said Mission for a Term not exceeding 4 Months; and that he endeavour on his Return to bring with him a Number of Indian Boys, not exceeding three, to be put under Mr. Wheelock's Care and Instruction, and that 201. be put into Mr. Wheelock's Hands to carry this Design into Execution; and that when said Sum shall be expended, he advise the Treasurer of it, and send his Accounts for Allowance.'

Sampson Occom, going on a Mission to the Oneidas, that said David be supported on said Mission for a Term not exceeding 4 Months; and that he endeavour on his Return to bring with him a Number of Indian Boys, not exceeding three, to be put under Mr. Wheelock's Care and Instruction, and that 201. be put into Mr. Wheelock's Hands to carry this Design into Execution; and that when said Sum shall be expended, he advise the Treasurer of it, and send his Accounts for Allowance.'

"Pursuant to this Vote I cloathed and furnished said David with Horse and Money, for his long Tour into the Wilderness, which he set out on June 10th, in Company with Mr. Occom, by the Way of New-York; in which Journey he rode above a thousand Miles, and by the Advice, Direction and Assistance of Sir Wittram Jonnson, obtained three Boys of the Mohawk Nation, who were willing to leave their Friends and Country and come among Strangers of another Language, and quite another Manner of Living, and where, perhaps, no one of their Nation then living had ever been; and among a People of whom their Nation have been of a long Time inclined to entertain Jealousies. Their Names were, Joseph, Negyes, and Center. They arrived here August Ist, 1761, but had so much Caution in the extraordinary Enterprize, that they brought each of them an Horse from their own Country. Two of them were but little better than naked, and could not speak a Word of English. The other being of a Family of Distinction among them, was considerably cloathed, Indian-fashion, and could speak a few words of English. They let me know, as soon as I could understand them , that Sir Wm. Jonnson had told them they should return and visit their Friends in the Fall of the Year.

They arrived here August Ist, 1761, but had so much Caution in the extraordinary Enterprize, that they brought each of them an Horse from their own Country. Two of them were but little better than naked, and could not speak a Word of English. The other being of a Family of Distinction among them, was considerably cloathed, Indian-fashion, and could speak a few words of English. They let me know, as soon as I could understand them , that Sir Wm. Jonnson had told them they should return and visit their Friends in the Fall of the Year. I took speedy Care to cleanse and cloath them.

* * * * * * *

"' Center's Countenance, as I thought when he came, discovered that he was not in Health. My Suspicions increased, and the Issue proved they were not groundless. He continued with me till the Fall, when the Physician I employed advised me, that his Disorders threatned his Life, and prevailed te such a Degree that he looked upon him to be incurable, and that he judged it best to send him back to his Friends, and that soon, or it would be too late to send him at all j and according to this Advice I sent him away with Negyes, having furnished them with Money for their Journey into the Mohawk Country, on the 23d Day of October. Joseph tarried longer to accompany young Kirtland, who was learning the Mohawk Language of him, and whom I sent into that Country to obtain six Boys of those Nations, to partake of the Benefit of Sir Perrr WARREN's Legacy, according to the Instructions of the General Assembly of the Province of Massachusetts-Bay, before mentioned.

He continued with me till the Fall, when the Physician I employed advised me, that his Disorders threatned his Life, and prevailed te such a Degree that he looked upon him to be incurable, and that he judged it best to send him back to his Friends, and that soon, or it would be too late to send him at all j and according to this Advice I sent him away with Negyes, having furnished them with Money for their Journey into the Mohawk Country, on the 23d Day of October. Joseph tarried longer to accompany young Kirtland, who was learning the Mohawk Language of him, and whom I sent into that Country to obtain six Boys of those Nations, to partake of the Benefit of Sir Perrr WARREN's Legacy, according to the Instructions of the General Assembly of the Province of Massachusetts-Bay, before mentioned.

"Center reached home, but died soon after, Negyes, I hear, was captivated

THE SIX NATIONS, 307

ing, advise them To Send as many as is required also endeavour to Send one To the Rev¢ Mt Graves,' whose offer (if they have any common Sence) they will look upon in the friendly & Geng: rous light it Deserves.

As Iam very much hurried at present, must beg leave to refer you to Kirtland for any perticulars you may choose to. be informed of as I had a good deal of Conversation with him, regarding the Present State & Disposition of the Indians in severall. I wish you all Success in it undertaking

ing, advise them To Send as many as is required also endeavour to Send one To the Rev¢ Mt Graves,' whose offer (if they have any common Sence) they will look upon in the friendly & Geng: rous light it Deserves.

As Iam very much hurried at present, must beg leave to refer you to Kirtland for any perticulars you may choose to. be informed of as I had a good deal of Conversation with him, regarding the Present State & Disposition of the Indians in severall. I wish you all Success in it undertaking

And am wth truth & Sincerity Reverend Sir Your most obedient Humble Servant, The Reverend Eleazer Wheelock. Wo. Jounson

an al

REV. JACOB OEL TO SIR WM. JOHNSON.

uijt mein hauss febr. de 8t® A° 1762, To the honorable

Sir William Johnson. that ij reit these Letter en trouble You bij

these ij be forced for it : the Reason is because ij heard yesterdaij in the Castle that the Bostoniers were designed to erect schools

by a young Female and married. Mr. Kirtland and Joseph set out for the Mohawk Country November 4th, and returned November 27th, and brought two Mohawk Lads with them, viz. Moses and Johannes, by whom Sir Wm. Jounson informed me that he expected to be able to send the Rest when they came in from hunting. I informed the Hon. Commissioners of the State of the Case, and by a Letter from the Reverend Dr. Cuauncy, Chairman of their Committee, in the Name of the rest, was desired to let them have in their Pay and under their Direction these two who came last with Joseph, which I consented to, provided they would remit the necessary Charges which I had been at in procuring and cloathing them, and give me as I afterwards charged them for their Support and Tuition, upon which Conditions they took them.

Commissioners of the State of the Case, and by a Letter from the Reverend Dr. Cuauncy, Chairman of their Committee, in the Name of the rest, was desired to let them have in their Pay and under their Direction these two who came last with Joseph, which I consented to, provided they would remit the necessary Charges which I had been at in procuring and cloathing them, and give me as I afterwards charged them for their Support and Tuition, upon which Conditions they took them. I immediately sent to Sir Wm. Jonnson for other six to partake of Sir Perur Warren's Legacy. These three, viz. Joseph, Moses and Johannes, continued with me in the Pay of the Commissioners till May 27,

1762." 1 Rev, Matthew Graves, Episcopal minister of New London, Conn. .

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in everij Castle by choosing uijt two jung boijs for to be send in nieu engelland to be instructed there and them should instruct the others in proper learning. now learning is good en is most necessarij amongs the haddens that cannot be contradicted but ij want to know to what design as it is to introduce their own Presbijteren Church than can it not be allowed, en as it prejudice our Church en Church ceremonies, en is not a greable en conform to them than it must not be allowed en as so is itis against them - but as het design is with that pourpose than ij have nothing to saij en be content en must be content withit. now Sir ij letit to your Sirs weisse consideratie en he shall to best know de what is in these matters, en let my be ignorant in that matter. but ij think it shall not be taken in a rang sense that ij reit these things to your Honour then ij noem freely mine beste friend that ij have here en can trust ij want your presence en to tak freely to you but yesterday en now is not occasie for it, for to hear your meaning in that matter as it is for the prejudice en rung the Church ij cannot Consent to it. en ij must mantaine en will mantain the Church of our Church, so lang ij can en wath is in mine little power ij shall doe, en will doe, allways ij remain in hast your ; friend en well wisher with all respect

in everij Castle by choosing uijt two jung boijs for to be send in nieu engelland to be instructed there and them should instruct the others in proper learning. now learning is good en is most necessarij amongs the haddens that cannot be contradicted but ij want to know to what design as it is to introduce their own Presbijteren Church than can it not be allowed, en as it prejudice our Church en Church ceremonies, en is not a greable en conform to them than it must not be allowed en as so is itis against them - but as het design is with that pourpose than ij have nothing to saij en be content en must be content withit. now Sir ij letit to your Sirs weisse consideratie en he shall to best know de what is in these matters, en let my be ignorant in that matter. but ij think it shall not be taken in a rang sense that ij reit these things to your Honour then ij noem freely mine beste friend that ij have here en can trust ij want your presence en to tak freely to you but yesterday en now is not occasie for it, for to hear your meaning in that matter as it is for the prejudice en rung the Church ij cannot Consent to it. en ij must mantaine en will mantain the Church of our Church, so lang ij can en wath is in mine little power ij shall doe, en will doe, allways ij remain in hast your ; friend en well wisher with all respect

P. S. ij hope en think Sir Williamsen en humble Servant Your Honour shall be for our churches Joun Jacog OEL.

Seithe dadjeu

as ij can have an Answer thro of

by few lines ij shall take it

for a great Honour. ' (Addressed) These Letter is directed

to the honorable Sir Baronet William Johnson overseer over the Indien affairs en present now att Cunad Schoharrij ¢ @

Mr. Oel was appointed assistant missionary to the Mohawk Indi 1750. He continued to act in that capacity downto the revolution.--Ep. oe

Sir

THE SIX NATIONS. 309

GEN" AMHERST TO COL. BRADSTREET.

FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CONGREGATION IN ALBANY. New York 7 March 1762.

* * * * * * * * * *

* * * . * * *

Nothing can be more agreeable to me than to Grant any Religious Community such priviledges as are in my power ; And, as the Forrage house near the Main Guard is not at present wanted, you will, agreable to the Request of the Presbyterian Congregation, Acquaint them, they have my Leave to make use of the said House for their place of worship.

I am, Sir, your most Obedient Servant, JEFF : AMHERST. Colonel Bradstreet, i : D. Q. M. G. Albany :

SIR WM. JOHNSON TO THE REV. MR. BARCLAY. Fort Johnson, March 13th 1762,

Your favor of the 12t ultimo, I have received, as I did sometime ago your answer concerning the land transmitted by the Lieut Governor, and cannot but consider your proposal as very reasonable.

Nothing can be more agreeable to me than to Grant any Religious Community such priviledges as are in my power ; And, as the Forrage house near the Main Guard is not at present wanted, you will, agreable to the Request of the Presbyterian Congregation, Acquaint them, they have my Leave to make use of the said House for their place of worship.

I am, Sir, your most Obedient Servant, JEFF : AMHERST. Colonel Bradstreet, i : D. Q. M. G. Albany :

SIR WM. JOHNSON TO THE REV. MR. BARCLAY. Fort Johnson, March 13th 1762,

Your favor of the 12t ultimo, I have received, as I did sometime ago your answer concerning the land transmitted by the Lieut Governor, and cannot but consider your proposal as very reasonable.

The experience which I have had of your good character would effectually discredit any aspertions which might be cast upon you.

I shall at all times pay adue regard to merit, and your recommendation, and therefore cannot but approve of Mr. Bennet for his zeal to promote the interest of Religion, where it is so much wanted, but at the same time I must observe that it is not in my power to do more than countenance so pious an.

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undertaking as there is no allowance for that service, except what is made to Mr. Ogilvie who In my opinion should, and I make no doubt will be readily induced to consider the Gentleman's services. I am, &c.

Bennet for his zeal to promote the interest of Religion, where it is so much wanted, but at the same time I must observe that it is not in my power to do more than countenance so pious an.

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undertaking as there is no allowance for that service, except what is made to Mr. Ogilvie who In my opinion should, and I make no doubt will be readily induced to consider the Gentleman's services. I am, &c.

The Reva. M'. Barclay.

REY. DAVID ZISBERGER TO MR. PETERS.

Philadelphia 5% april 1762. Mr. Peters Iam to inform you that I was obliged to take an Indian Guide to shew me the way to Wyomink as the whole country was covered with snow and the weather the severest I ever knew I agreed to give him three Pounds for himself and his horse and to find provisions for him, weh with other Expences hath cost me five Pounds this Journey and I hope you will not think five pounds too much for my trouble considering how many days it hath taken up and what danger I have been in I am Sir Your most humble servant

Davip ZIsBERGER Rece'd ten pounds for my Journey with St. W™. Johnsons Letter to Teedyuseung at Wyomink & and bringing jhis answer to

Philadelphia

April 5° 1762. Davip ZisBERGER.

» "«" See Loskiel's Hist. of the Moravian Missions, part ii. 197, for some parti.

bitars of this visit. A sketch of Zeisberger's life will be found in Allen's Biog. Pict. --Ep.

Peters Iam to inform you that I was obliged to take an Indian Guide to shew me the way to Wyomink as the whole country was covered with snow and the weather the severest I ever knew I agreed to give him three Pounds for himself and his horse and to find provisions for him, weh with other Expences hath cost me five Pounds this Journey and I hope you will not think five pounds too much for my trouble considering how many days it hath taken up and what danger I have been in I am Sir Your most humble servant

Davip ZIsBERGER Rece'd ten pounds for my Journey with St. W™. Johnsons Letter to Teedyuseung at Wyomink & and bringing jhis answer to

Philadelphia

April 5° 1762. Davip ZisBERGER.

» "«" See Loskiel's Hist. of the Moravian Missions, part ii. 197, for some parti.

bitars of this visit. A sketch of Zeisberger's life will be found in Allen's Biog. Pict. --Ep.

EDWARD JOHNSON, SCHOOL MASTER AT TUSCARORA, TO SIR W. JOHNSON.

ti Tuscarora Castle April ye 10% 1762 Most Worth S*.

Yours I received on the 12 of March Date Janty 30' and Indeed St [thank you very kindly for the many favours your ~ honour hag Been pleased to bestow on me But In Deed St much

THE SIX NATIONS. 811

more so for your last Sr. It hapens so that I Cant at this time Come my Self and thefore must rely on your own Goodness : but I have sent by as trusty a hand I thinck as any I Could Geet for indeed he seems to be the truest to me of any of them and he is a Christian if there is one any where amongst them: St. I owe to the value of three pounds which I have taken up since I begun to teach these people: and I have had no opertunity of Earning any thing for myself for these people will give nothing. $*I tell your honor of all that has hapened me.

It hapens so that I Cant at this time Come my Self and thefore must rely on your own Goodness : but I have sent by as trusty a hand I thinck as any I Could Geet for indeed he seems to be the truest to me of any of them and he is a Christian if there is one any where amongst them: St. I owe to the value of three pounds which I have taken up since I begun to teach these people: and I have had no opertunity of Earning any thing for myself for these people will give nothing. $*I tell your honor of all that has hapened me. There is here two sorts people the one is for the religion and the other is not and that Party is allways striving to hurt me by words and some times allmost to the taking of my life but with the help of God I stand it though with Great Difficulty and Danger. S'I have been at onidia and had there 18 Scholars and I have teached so long that the are Come to 4 Shurly s*. you know as well as I that at this Time of the year the are scattered Every where, but I believe when the minister Comes there will be a Great many more that will Learn our tongue. but St there has been here at onidia som o the other sort of people which told them that the English wanted these to take up with our religion and then the land willbe all theirs But I have told to the Contrary and tell them that it [is] for the Good of their Souls that the English wants to learn them and not for lands for they have Jand Enough I Beg St your honour will Give no heed to fals storeys for the bearer of this will [convince] you to your own satisfaction.

S'I have been at onidia and had there 18 Scholars and I have teached so long that the are Come to 4 Shurly s*. you know as well as I that at this Time of the year the are scattered Every where, but I believe when the minister Comes there will be a Great many more that will Learn our tongue. but St there has been here at onidia som o the other sort of people which told them that the English wanted these to take up with our religion and then the land willbe all theirs But I have told to the Contrary and tell them that it [is] for the Good of their Souls that the English wants to learn them and not for lands for they have Jand Enough I Beg St your honour will Give no heed to fals storeys for the bearer of this will [convince] you to your own satisfaction.

St Pray pardon me for being to tedious if your honour Pleaseth to send: if you Pleas to send it by the bearer Isaac or his father and one line to let me know what and How much Sr Powder is very scears and Provision not very Pleanty if you Pleas to answer this S« I rest Myself your humble Servant

Epwarp JoHnson

St The Scholers are Gone to hunting and I am Gowing to Isaacs hous at Connosomothdian where I believe I shall stay till he Comes back a Gain.

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St Pray pardon me for being to tedious if your honour Pleaseth to send: if you Pleas to send it by the bearer Isaac or his father and one line to let me know what and How much Sr Powder is very scears and Provision not very Pleanty if you Pleas to answer this S« I rest Myself your humble Servant

Epwarp JoHnson

St The Scholers are Gone to hunting and I am Gowing to Isaacs hous at Connosomothdian where I believe I shall stay till he Comes back a Gain.

312 PAPERS RELATING TO

ISAAC THE INDIAN TO SIR WM JOHNSON.

Tuscarora Castle Avril y® 10th 1'762, Worthy Sr :

this Day Isaac spoake to me to write To your honour Concern ing the Christian religion As he himself told you: and as you told him : when He was last at your house Brother: Sais he: I am now in the very same mind that I was when you Saw me Last and I Do intend to keep this same rode as Long as God shall Give me life and breath that is with his assistance: Brother Just before the Minister Came here the last Sumer I was moued off from this town Something more than half way to Connoquaga to a Place Called Connosomothdian Where I have remaind til] now. and some few Days a Gow the Came tome from Each Castle and Desired me. that I should Either Come back or Els Gow fororards to Hither of these two Castles on the Count of Settleing of affars. but knowing the Disposion of both In short I Dont like Either the told me by a belt of Wampom the town and people was mine To Doas I thought proper and I think It would be best for them both to Come to me as there is good land Every thing Pleanty there and nothing is Plenty where the now are but rum and the all know that I have Done with that with the help of God.

this Day Isaac spoake to me to write To your honour Concern ing the Christian religion As he himself told you: and as you told him : when He was last at your house Brother: Sais he: I am now in the very same mind that I was when you Saw me Last and I Do intend to keep this same rode as Long as God shall Give me life and breath that is with his assistance: Brother Just before the Minister Came here the last Sumer I was moued off from this town Something more than half way to Connoquaga to a Place Called Connosomothdian Where I have remaind til] now. and some few Days a Gow the Came tome from Each Castle and Desired me. that I should Either Come back or Els Gow fororards to Hither of these two Castles on the Count of Settleing of affars. but knowing the Disposion of both In short I Dont like Either the told me by a belt of Wampom the town and people was mine To Doas I thought proper and I think It would be best for them both to Come to me as there is good land Every thing Pleanty there and nothing is Plenty where the now are but rum and the all know that I have Done with that with the help of God. Now Brother I want your advice in this and I shall here what you Say In this case, the say also it is very hard that I Dont mind them and their ways. Sr I thinkIf I may Speak one word that as there is a Division amongst themselves it would be proper for them that follow the Christian religion to live by themselves.

Now Brother I want your advice in this and I shall here what you Say In this case, the say also it is very hard that I Dont mind them and their ways. Sr I thinkIf I may Speak one word that as there is a Division amongst themselves it would be proper for them that follow the Christian religion to live by themselves.

S* Concerning the Stories that your honour has hard of me if you pleas to ask this man and he can tell you Whetre it be true or not this from your Loving Brother.

Isaac and from your humble Servant 5 Epwarp Jounson.

Sarah the wife of Isaac Gives her kind love to your honour

And Desires the favour of a little Chocolate if you please. And She remains your most Loving Sister till Death . Saray Isaac

THE SIX NATIONS. 313

REV. MR WHEELOCK TO SIR WM. JOHNSON.

Lebanon 20 Augt 1762, Hon? Sir.

Yours by David, with three Boys, came Safe on Wednesday Evening after he left you. The two Smaller of the Ladds seem well contented, love their Book, and make good Proficiency ; the other seems not to have a Genius for Leirning, and is desirous to return. Joseph and the other two are also well, and behave very well.

David informs me that the Youth of whom I-wrote you, and for whom I sent him, viz George Haxton was imployed at the Royal Block House at Onoyada Lake by one Reggens a Trader who lives at Fort Stanwick, and that Mt Occom informed him, that the youth was inclined to Come but his obligations to Reggens, and Reggens' violent opposition to it forbad him for the present, And that the Youth appears likely to answer our purpose, your Hon" is most likely to know, and best abel of any man to Judge in the affair, Will you please, sir, to make the Enquiry, and if you think favourably of my being at the Expence of fitting him for Interpreter or Missionary, be Instrumental to his coming hither for that Purpose. )

David informs me that the Youth of whom I-wrote you, and for whom I sent him, viz George Haxton was imployed at the Royal Block House at Onoyada Lake by one Reggens a Trader who lives at Fort Stanwick, and that Mt Occom informed him, that the youth was inclined to Come but his obligations to Reggens, and Reggens' violent opposition to it forbad him for the present, And that the Youth appears likely to answer our purpose, your Hon" is most likely to know, and best abel of any man to Judge in the affair, Will you please, sir, to make the Enquiry, and if you think favourably of my being at the Expence of fitting him for Interpreter or Missionary, be Instrumental to his coming hither for that Purpose. )

In a letter I wrote you last Fall I proposed that if way could be made for setting up of this School in some convenient Place, And the Settlement of three or four Towns round about it, I would remove with it, and bring Several Ministers with me of the best Character and take Care to people the Place with Inhabitants of known Honesty, Integrity, and such as Love Indians, & will seek their Interest. but whether the Letter reached you or not I never heard, or whether you thought it any more thana sudden indigested thought I cant tell, however I should be very 'glad to hear if there be any Probability that such a Design may be Effected ; If your Hont can find Leisure enough amidst your weighty affairs to gratify me in the things which I have assumed the Boldness to request of you, you will Greatly oblige me and I hope the Nature of the affair and the assurances your Hont has

In a letter I wrote you last Fall I proposed that if way could be made for setting up of this School in some convenient Place, And the Settlement of three or four Towns round about it, I would remove with it, and bring Several Ministers with me of the best Character and take Care to people the Place with Inhabitants of known Honesty, Integrity, and such as Love Indians, & will seek their Interest. but whether the Letter reached you or not I never heard, or whether you thought it any more thana sudden indigested thought I cant tell, however I should be very 'glad to hear if there be any Probability that such a Design may be Effected ; If your Hont can find Leisure enough amidst your weighty affairs to gratify me in the things which I have assumed the Boldness to request of you, you will Greatly oblige me and I hope the Nature of the affair and the assurances your Hont has

314 PAPERS RELATING TO

given me of your Friendship towards it will be esteemed a suffi cient excuse for me and that your Hon: will believe thatIam with the most sincere Respect

your most Obedt and most Hum»le Servt

ELeazarR WHEELOCK. Sir William Johnson Baronet.

REV. MR. WHEELOCK TO SIR WM. JOHNSON.

Lebanon September 8t" 1762.

Pe Your Honour has no doubt been informed of a Legacy of Sir Peter Warren of about Seven hundred and fifty Pounds Sterling left in the hands of the Province of the Massachusetts Bay, it being the Sum due to him from that Province, as his Commissions for their pay from the Crown for taking Cape Breton some Years ago, and which he gave to be by them improved at Six p' Cent for the Education of the youth of the Sia Nations.

Pe Your Honour has no doubt been informed of a Legacy of Sir Peter Warren of about Seven hundred and fifty Pounds Sterling left in the hands of the Province of the Massachusetts Bay, it being the Sum due to him from that Province, as his Commissions for their pay from the Crown for taking Cape Breton some Years ago, and which he gave to be by them improved at Six p' Cent for the Education of the youth of the Sia Nations. It has lain unimproved until last Fall, when I was in Boston, I was informed of it, and preferred a Memorial to the General Assembly there, and prayed for the use of it in this School, in answer to which they Voted as you have seen, that I should be allowed for the support of Six Youth of the Six N ations, Twelve pounds lawful money for each, for one year, and accordingly Ihave now obtained the Boys, and they are under the best advantages if they have but the Wisdom to improve them.

But there is since in and about Boston a Society incorporated for Indian Affairs, which includes all the Scotish Commissioners, many more to the Number of Eighty, and they have lately found out, as I understand by Doct Chauncy, that the method Tam taking is not the best way to promote Religion and Learning among the Siz Nations, but a much likelier one is, by setting up English Schools among them, the Children to live with their Parents, and attend,upon the School, their Parents to Support them &c, and that they design to apply for the use of said

But there is since in and about Boston a Society incorporated for Indian Affairs, which includes all the Scotish Commissioners, many more to the Number of Eighty, and they have lately found out, as I understand by Doct Chauncy, that the method Tam taking is not the best way to promote Religion and Learning among the Siz Nations, but a much likelier one is, by setting up English Schools among them, the Children to live with their Parents, and attend,upon the School, their Parents to Support them &c, and that they design to apply for the use of said

THE SIX NATIONS. 315

Legacy for that purpose, and let these Boys go where they will, but considering the insuccessfulness of schools set up thus among the little Tribes in these parts through their want of a due esteem of, and desire for Learning, their savage roving disposition, their want of Government amongst themselves, their Poverty, their proneness to imbibe prejudices against English masters, especially on accot of a good and necessary Government &¢ by which means they dont get so much Learning inseven years as they do in this School in One, and that notwithstanding their Parents keep much at home, not having dependance upon hunting for their support &c. Gentlemen here are generally, if not universally of Opinion that this method is by far preferable at least for the present till a Number of their own sons are fitted for School Masters, &c.

Your Honour best of any man knows what methods have the greatest Probability of Success among the Six Nations, and if you think with me that it is best to continue these Boys as they are, and will please to write your Mind to Governt Bernard with the Reasons of it, I doubt not but as it is generally understood that your Uncle designed a Testimony of his Respect to you in. that Donation, so that Assembly will likely lay great Weight upon what you shall write, and if your Honour will please to inclose it to me I can send it direct by the Post.

Your Honour best of any man knows what methods have the greatest Probability of Success among the Six Nations, and if you think with me that it is best to continue these Boys as they are, and will please to write your Mind to Governt Bernard with the Reasons of it, I doubt not but as it is generally understood that your Uncle designed a Testimony of his Respect to you in. that Donation, so that Assembly will likely lay great Weight upon what you shall write, and if your Honour will please to inclose it to me I can send it direct by the Post.

And if it were not too great boldness I would ask the favour to know the substance of what you write, it may be of some advantage to me. -

I want also to know whether your Honour thinks it likely that this School may after a while be set up in some convenient place near you accommodated with three or four Towns of well chosen Inhabitants. I understand that some of our People are about to settle our new Purchase on Susquahannah River, if it does not disoblige and prejudice the Indians I shall be glad, and it may be if that settlement should go on a Door may open for my Design on that Purchase, but your Honour has full understanding of the affair, and interested therein, and I can rely with greater Safety on your Judgment and Counsel than any other mans.

I understand that some of our People are about to settle our new Purchase on Susquahannah River, if it does not disoblige and prejudice the Indians I shall be glad, and it may be if that settlement should go on a Door may open for my Design on that Purchase, but your Honour has full understanding of the affair, and interested therein, and I can rely with greater Safety on your Judgment and Counsel than any other mans.

316 PAPERS RELATING TO

'Joseph and the rest of the Boys are well, studious and diligent. I hope you have received a Line I sent you a few weeks ago, and that you will be able to send me the English Youth of whom I wrote if you esteem him likely and suitable for the Purpose.

I pray your Honour to excuse the Trouble I so often give you, and believe that I am

With Sincere Respect P. S. Being yet weak aftera Your Honours

fit of sickness I am obliged Most obedient and most to write you by the hand humble servant of my Pupil. Eveazer Wuretock

Sir William Johnson Baronet

REVD. DR. POMROY TO SIR WILLIAM JOHNSON.

Hebron Septembr 8th 1762. Sir The Fame of your Humanity, & Benevolence in general ; and especially, what, I have more, lately heard by Mr. Wheelock, of your forwardness to encourage the Indian School, under his care emboldens me to trouble your Honr with a Line, or two, in Favor of that truly noble, & charitable Design--and as I am perswaded, you will rejoice at an opportunity to do good to your fellow-men, advance the Interest of Christs Kingdom among the Heathen Nations, and more firmly attach them to the Crown of great Brittain; and as I am somewhat concerned, in the Important affair of s4 school, so I wo'd now earnestly bespeak your Patronage of it ; not Dow ting but that you will be able, in various ways to subserve the truely generous Design.

Wheelock, of your forwardness to encourage the Indian School, under his care emboldens me to trouble your Honr with a Line, or two, in Favor of that truly noble, & charitable Design--and as I am perswaded, you will rejoice at an opportunity to do good to your fellow-men, advance the Interest of Christs Kingdom among the Heathen Nations, and more firmly attach them to the Crown of great Brittain; and as I am somewhat concerned, in the Important affair of s4 school, so I wo'd now earnestly bespeak your Patronage of it ; not Dow ting but that you will be able, in various ways to subserve the truely generous Design. M' Wheelock, having acted hitherto very much alone, in the - Important Business, and his true character not very universally known ; It appears reasonable, those who encourage him in it, sho'd have some proper testimonials of his qualification for it, I therefore now take the freedom to transmit to you Inclosed in this; a Coppy of a Letter of Recommendation, sent to Mr.

/

THE SIX NATIONS. 317

Debert, Merchant In London ; The perusal, whereof may possibly give you all the satisfaction, at present necessary, and excuse from troubling you any further, Him, who is, with the utmost Respect : Your Honour's most sincere, most obedient, and very Hum!e sernt ; Bensamin Pomroy. To Sir William Johnson Baronet. *,* Rey. Dr. Pomroy, brother-in-law of the Rev.Eleazer Wheelock, graduated at Yale in 1733, and was ordained in 1735. He served as a Chaplain in the French

Debert, Merchant In London ; The perusal, whereof may possibly give you all the satisfaction, at present necessary, and excuse from troubling you any further, Him, who is, with the utmost Respect : Your Honour's most sincere, most obedient, and very Hum!e sernt ; Bensamin Pomroy. To Sir William Johnson Baronet. *,* Rey. Dr. Pomroy, brother-in-law of the Rev.Eleazer Wheelock, graduated at Yale in 1733, and was ordained in 1735. He served as a Chaplain in the French

and Revolutionary wars, and died at Hebron, Dec., 1784, aged 80 years, He is represented as one of the best preachers of his day.-- Aur.

{Enclosure In Dr Pomroy's letter.]

Chilsea in Norwich July 10 1762 Sir,

We Ministersof the Gospel, and Pastors of Churches, hereafter mentioned with our Names, having for a number of years past heard of, or seen with pleasure the Zeal, Courage, and firm Resolution of the Rev4 Eleazar Wheelock of Lebanon to prosecute to Effect, a Design. of spreading the Gospel among the Natives in the Wilds of our America, and especially his Perseverance in it amidst the many peculiar Discouragements he had to encounter during the late years of the War here, and upon a Plan which appears to us to have the greatest probability of Success Viz, by the Mission of their own Sons ; and as we are verily persuaded that the smiles of divine Providencé upon his School, and the Success of his endeavours hitherto, justly may and ought to encourage him, and all, to believe it to be of God, and that which he will own and succeed for the glory of his own great Name in the Enlargement of the Kingdom of our divine Redeemer, as well as for the great Benefit of the Crown of Great Britain, and especially of his Majestys Dominions in America, so we apprehend the present openings in Providence ought to invite Christians of every Denomination to Unite their Endeavours and lend a helping hand in carrying on the charitable design, and we are heartily sorry if Party Spirit and Party differences shall at all obstruct the Progress of it, or the old Leaven in this Land ferment uvon this Occasion, and give a watchful adversary Oppor-

We Ministersof the Gospel, and Pastors of Churches, hereafter mentioned with our Names, having for a number of years past heard of, or seen with pleasure the Zeal, Courage, and firm Resolution of the Rev4 Eleazar Wheelock of Lebanon to prosecute to Effect, a Design. of spreading the Gospel among the Natives in the Wilds of our America, and especially his Perseverance in it amidst the many peculiar Discouragements he had to encounter during the late years of the War here, and upon a Plan which appears to us to have the greatest probability of Success Viz, by the Mission of their own Sons ; and as we are verily persuaded that the smiles of divine Providencé upon his School, and the Success of his endeavours hitherto, justly may and ought to encourage him, and all, to believe it to be of God, and that which he will own and succeed for the glory of his own great Name in the Enlargement of the Kingdom of our divine Redeemer, as well as for the great Benefit of the Crown of Great Britain, and especially of his Majestys Dominions in America, so we apprehend the present openings in Providence ought to invite Christians of every Denomination to Unite their Endeavours and lend a helping hand in carrying on the charitable design, and we are heartily sorry if Party Spirit and Party differences shall at all obstruct the Progress of it, or the old Leaven in this Land ferment uvon this Occasion, and give a watchful adversary Oppor-

318 PAPERS RELATING TO

tunity so to turn the course of Endeavours into another Channel as to defeat the design of spreading the Gospel among the Heathen, to prevent which, and encourage Unanimity, and Zeal in prosecuting the design, we look upon it our Duty as Christians, and especially as Ministers of the Gospel to give our Testimony, that as we verily believe, a disinterested Regard to the Advancement of the Redeemer's Kingdom, and the Good of his Majesty's Dominions in America were the governing Motives which at first induced the Revd Mt Wheelock to enter upon the great affair, and to risk his own private Interest as he has done since in carrying it on, so we esteem his Plan to be good, his Measures prudently and well concerted, his Endowments peculiar, his Zeal fervent, his Endeavours indefatigable for the accomplishing this design, and we know no Man likeminded who will naturally care for the State. May God prolong his Life, and make him extensively useful in the Kingdom of Christ. We have also some of us at his desire examined his Accompts, and find that beside giving in all his own Labour and trouble in the Affair, he has charged for the Support, Schooling &ca of the Youth at the lowest rate it could be done for, as the price of things have been, and still is amongst us, and we apprehend the generous Donations already made, have been, and we are confident will be laid out in the most prudent manner, and with the best advice for the furthering of the important Design, and we pray God abundantly to reward the liberality of any upon this occasion, and we hope the Generosity, especially of Persons of distinction and Note will be a happy lead and inducement to still greater liberalities, and in Consequence thereof, the wide extended Wilderness of America will blossom as the Rose, habitations of Cruelty become dwelling places of Righteousness, and the blessings of Thousands ready to perish come upon all those, whose Love to Christ and Charity to them has been shown upon this Occasion which is the hearty Prayer of Sir Your most sincere Friends and humble Servants Ebenezer Rossiter, Pastor of the first Chh in Stonington Joseph Fish, Pastor of the Second Chh in Stonington

We have also some of us at his desire examined his Accompts, and find that beside giving in all his own Labour and trouble in the Affair, he has charged for the Support, Schooling &ca of the Youth at the lowest rate it could be done for, as the price of things have been, and still is amongst us, and we apprehend the generous Donations already made, have been, and we are confident will be laid out in the most prudent manner, and with the best advice for the furthering of the important Design, and we pray God abundantly to reward the liberality of any upon this occasion, and we hope the Generosity, especially of Persons of distinction and Note will be a happy lead and inducement to still greater liberalities, and in Consequence thereof, the wide extended Wilderness of America will blossom as the Rose, habitations of Cruelty become dwelling places of Righteousness, and the blessings of Thousands ready to perish come upon all those, whose Love to Christ and Charity to them has been shown upon this Occasion which is the hearty Prayer of Sir Your most sincere Friends and humble Servants Ebenezer Rossiter, Pastor of the first Chh in Stonington Joseph Fish, Pastor of the Second Chh in Stonington

THE SIX NATIONS. 319

Nathaniel Whitaker, Pastor of the Church at Chilsea in Norwich ;

Benjamin Pomroy, Pastor of the first Church in Hebron

Elijah Lathrop, Pastor of the Church at Gilead in Hebron

Nathaniel Eells, Pastor of a Church in Stonington

THE SIX NATIONS. 319

Nathaniel Whitaker, Pastor of the Church at Chilsea in Norwich ;

Benjamin Pomroy, Pastor of the first Church in Hebron

Elijah Lathrop, Pastor of the Church at Gilead in Hebron

Nathaniel Eells, Pastor of a Church in Stonington

Mather Byles, Pastor of the first Chh in New London

Jonathan Barber, Pastor of a Chh in Groton

Matthew Graves, Missionary at New London

Peter Powers, Pastor of the Church at Newent in Norwich

Daniel Kirtland, former Pastor of the Chh at Newent in Norwich

Asher Rossiter, Pastor of the first Church in Presson

Jabez Wight, Pastor of the fourth Chh in Norwich

David Jewett, Pastor of the second Chh in New London

Benjamin Throop, Pastor of a Church in Norwich

Samuel Mosely, Pastor of a Church in Windham

Stephen White, Pastor of a Church in Windham

Richard Salter, Pastor of a Church in Mansfield

Timothy Allen, Pastor of the Church at Ashford ©

Ephraim Little, Pastor of the first Chh in Colchester

Hobart Eastabrook, Pastor of a Chh in East haddam

Joseph Fowler, Pastor of a Chh in East haddam

Benjamin Boardman, Pastor of the 4! Chh of Christ in Middletown

John Norton, Pastor of the 6 Chh of Christ in Middletown

Benjamin Dunning, Pastor of a Chh of Christ in Marl-

_ borough .

The above and foregoing is a True Copy of the Original

examined by us, SaMuEL Gray

SAMUEL KirRTLAND

320 PAPERS RELATING TO

SIR WM. JOHNSON TO REY. DR. POMROY.

Johnson Hall October 16th 1762 Sir

Joseph Fowler, Pastor of a Chh in East haddam

Benjamin Boardman, Pastor of the 4! Chh of Christ in Middletown

John Norton, Pastor of the 6 Chh of Christ in Middletown

Benjamin Dunning, Pastor of a Chh of Christ in Marl-

_ borough .

The above and foregoing is a True Copy of the Original

examined by us, SaMuEL Gray

SAMUEL KirRTLAND

320 PAPERS RELATING TO

SIR WM. JOHNSON TO REY. DR. POMROY.

Johnson Hall October 16th 1762 Sir

The other day I was favoured with yours of the 8t ulte together with a Letter of Recommendation sent to M' Debert in London.

I shall be always ready to do any thing in my power for the public good and the promoting knowledge and instruction amongst the Indians, and am very glad to find a Gentleman of your pious sentiments and abilities is in some measure concerned in the School with Mt Wheelock concerning whom I have always entertained the most favourable Sentiments, and therefore have not the least doubt of his Qualifications for the discharge of that Trust.

The testimonials in his behalf which you transmitted, deserve all due regard, and shall be considered by me as proofs of the Esteem which is paid to his Character.

I shall at all times be glad to promote so useful a design and heartily wish you success in your undertakings,

I am Sir Your well wisher and Humble Servant

The Revd Mt Pomroy. . Wn. Jounson.

\

SIR W. JOHNSON TO REV. MR. WHEELOCK.

I shall be always ready to do any thing in my power for the public good and the promoting knowledge and instruction amongst the Indians, and am very glad to find a Gentleman of your pious sentiments and abilities is in some measure concerned in the School with Mt Wheelock concerning whom I have always entertained the most favourable Sentiments, and therefore have not the least doubt of his Qualifications for the discharge of that Trust.

The testimonials in his behalf which you transmitted, deserve all due regard, and shall be considered by me as proofs of the Esteem which is paid to his Character.

I shall at all times be glad to promote so useful a design and heartily wish you success in your undertakings,

I am Sir Your well wisher and Humble Servant

The Revd Mt Pomroy. . Wn. Jounson.

\

SIR W. JOHNSON TO REV. MR. WHEELOCK.

Johnson Hall Octr 16th 1762

Sir

I have been favoured with yours of the 8 ult, and agree with you in opinion that the Indian Children will not improve in their Studys near so much from the method proposed of Erecting Schools in their Nations, as they would do. according to your plan of Education, whereby they are kept out of the way of & uninfluenced by bad Example, but notwithstanding these my Sentiments on that head I should not chuse to interfere therein

he,

THE SIX INDIANS. 321

as those Gentlemen cannot but observe on due consideration the advantages which the one plan hath in preference to the other » Whilst the Indians remain in their present Sentiments it will be highly improper to attempt any Settlement in their Country as they are greatly disgusted at the great Thirst which we all seem to shew for their Lands, and therefore I must give it as my opinion that any Settlement on the Susquehanna River may prove fatal to those who should attempt to Establish themselves thereon, as the Indians have all declared not only their great aversion thereto, but have also threatned to prevent any such Settlement, so that I hope the dangers to which they may be Exposed, together with your Governor's proclamation against the same, will induce those concerned to drop their undertaking.

as those Gentlemen cannot but observe on due consideration the advantages which the one plan hath in preference to the other » Whilst the Indians remain in their present Sentiments it will be highly improper to attempt any Settlement in their Country as they are greatly disgusted at the great Thirst which we all seem to shew for their Lands, and therefore I must give it as my opinion that any Settlement on the Susquehanna River may prove fatal to those who should attempt to Establish themselves thereon, as the Indians have all declared not only their great aversion thereto, but have also threatned to prevent any such Settlement, so that I hope the dangers to which they may be Exposed, together with your Governor's proclamation against the same, will induce those concerned to drop their undertaking. When I can find out the English youth you mention, I shall endeavour to comply with your request if I find he will answer your purpose. Iam glad to hear that the Boys prosecute their studies with diligence and hope you haveperfectly recovered of your late indisposition, as I am

Sir Your well wisher and very humble Servant

The Revd M® Wheelock Wo. Jounson.

i>

SIR WM. JOHNSON TO THE REV. DR. BARCLAY,

RESPECTING A NEW EDITION OF THE INDIAN PRAYER BOOK.

Johnson Hall Oct® 16t 1762 Dear Sir

When I was last at New York I acquainted you with my design of having a new Edition of the Indian Prayer Book printed of which you were pleased to undertake the inspection.

Iam glad to hear that the Boys prosecute their studies with diligence and hope you haveperfectly recovered of your late indisposition, as I am

Sir Your well wisher and very humble Servant

The Revd M® Wheelock Wo. Jounson.

i>

SIR WM. JOHNSON TO THE REV. DR. BARCLAY,

RESPECTING A NEW EDITION OF THE INDIAN PRAYER BOOK.

Johnson Hall Oct® 16t 1762 Dear Sir

When I was last at New York I acquainted you with my design of having a new Edition of the Indian Prayer Book printed of which you were pleased to undertake the inspection.

I now therefore herewith transmit you the old Edition, which as it wanted the Singing Psalms, I therefore send you such of them in Manuscript as I have been able to procure, together with the Communion Service, & Public Baptism of Infants &c. which they would be desirous to have inserted, as also some Prayers of

Vou. rv. 21,

$22 APERS RELATING TO

the propriety of which you are the most proper J udge, you will therefore please to do therein as you shall Judge best.

You will please to direct that there be printed 400 Setts on a better type, and paper than that of the Former and as the Square Figure of that Edition rendered it somewhat inconvenient the present may make a handsome small Octayo.

In order to bestow on principal People, I would chuse:to have 2) Setts out of the beforementioned 400 printed on a fine Paper & type and neatly bound, Lettered on the back and gilt, of two Setts of which I must beg your acceptance, & that you will make any alterations or additions which you may think necessary thro'out the work ordering the same to be bound in such manner as you shall judge most fitting.

In order to bestow on principal People, I would chuse:to have 2) Setts out of the beforementioned 400 printed on a fine Paper & type and neatly bound, Lettered on the back and gilt, of two Setts of which I must beg your acceptance, & that you will make any alterations or additions which you may think necessary thro'out the work ordering the same to be bound in such manner as you shall judge most fitting.

Tam convinced you will have particular pleasure in taking under your inspection a performance calculated for the instruction of the ignorant, & the promoting of Christianity which with my experience of your abilities are the principal inducemts to offer you this trouble by recommending the whole to your care.

. Tam, The Revd Dr Barclay with Sincerity, Dear Sir, &c.

REV? M® WHEELOCK TO SIR W™ JOHNSON.

' Lebanon 20th Jany A D 1763. ir

The inclosed from M* Charles J effery Smith! is not the Fruit of an Enthusiastic turn of Mind or any Freak'of a heated Imagi-

- 1 Rev. C. J. Surrm was a descendant of Col. William Smith of St. George's Manor, L.I. It is surmised that his father was Henry §., who died in 1747, He was ordained at Lebanon in J une, 1763, and was ordered to proceed to Onohoghquage asa missionary, but he had not time to effect much good in that quarter, as his labors were interrupted by the Pontiac war. He returned in consequence, and went to Brookhaven where he resided in 1766. He afterwards itinerated in the south and was very successful as a preacher among the colored population of Virginia. He devoted much of his means to charitable purposes, Ep.

It is surmised that his father was Henry §., who died in 1747, He was ordained at Lebanon in J une, 1763, and was ordered to proceed to Onohoghquage asa missionary, but he had not time to effect much good in that quarter, as his labors were interrupted by the Pontiac war. He returned in consequence, and went to Brookhaven where he resided in 1766. He afterwards itinerated in the south and was very successful as a preacher among the colored population of Virginia. He devoted much of his means to charitable purposes, Ep.

THE SIX NATIONS. 323

nation, but the Result of much Deliberation & good Advice ; and your Hont may depend upon it as such.

He isa young Gentleman of about 22 years of age. He received the Honours of our College five years ago; and has obtained a good and unblemished Character. He had the offer of the Place and Office of a Tutor in our College last Fall but refused it for the sake of teaching this Indian School gratis. He is the only son of his Father, who lived at Brook Haven on Long Island, and there died about 15 years ago. And the estate left to this young Gentleman, he supposes to be sufficient to' support himself and an Interpreter in the Business of a Missionary among the Indians, to which Purpose he seems inclined to devote it. J esteem him remarkably turn'd for that Business. And make no doubt your Hon will have much satisfaction in him when you shall have opportunity to know his worth by personal acquaintance with him ; for I think you will find the amiable Characters of a Gentleman, a peed and a Christian very agreably meeting in him.

And the estate left to this young Gentleman, he supposes to be sufficient to' support himself and an Interpreter in the Business of a Missionary among the Indians, to which Purpose he seems inclined to devote it. J esteem him remarkably turn'd for that Business. And make no doubt your Hon will have much satisfaction in him when you shall have opportunity to know his worth by personal acquaintance with him ; for I think you will find the amiable Characters of a Gentleman, a peed and a Christian very agreably meeting in him.

And the poor Heathen will not have occasion to object against him as they have done against some " that he loves himself and his money more than the Indians"

Joseph and the rest of the Boys from your Quarter are all welland make good Progress in Learning. I was much discouraged with the bigest Abraham for some Time, but he does very well of late. ,

Joseph is indeed an excellent youth, he has much indeared himself to me, as well as to his Master, and every body else, by his good Behaviour. When Mr? Smith first proposed to me his taking him for his Interpreter, I opposed it, fearing it would obstruct his Studies, and expose him to get into a roving unsettled State ; but upon further Consideration Iam of Opinion it will be best, as Mr Smith is apt and able to teach, and proposes to bed and board with him. If it should prove otherwise and be a mean to prevent his pursuing his Studies afterwards I shall be very sorry

Smith first proposed to me his taking him for his Interpreter, I opposed it, fearing it would obstruct his Studies, and expose him to get into a roving unsettled State ; but upon further Consideration Iam of Opinion it will be best, as Mr Smith is apt and able to teach, and proposes to bed and board with him. If it should prove otherwise and be a mean to prevent his pursuing his Studies afterwards I shall be very sorry

I very Thankfully acknowledge the Receipt of yours by Mt Kingsley, but your Letter to Joseph which you mention in that to me, never arrived, nor can I guess what was the Fate of it.

324 PAPERS RELATING TO

My School now consists of 25, who depend wholly upon the Charities of Gods people for their support, and if the Hearts of Gentlemen shal] continue open to contribute supplies for it, we must in a little Time determine where to fix it in order to build conveniently for it.

Governour Wentworth has offered a Tract of Land in the western part of the Province of New Hampshire which he is now settling, for the use of it if we will fix it there. And there has been some Talk of fixing it in one of the New Townships in the Province of the Massachusetts which lie upon New York Line near Albany. But whether either of those Places, or here where it now is will be best for the Furtherance of the general Design, is not yet determined. I much want to consult your Honour in the Affair, but must wait upon providence. and remain with sincere esteem and respect.

And there has been some Talk of fixing it in one of the New Townships in the Province of the Massachusetts which lie upon New York Line near Albany. But whether either of those Places, or here where it now is will be best for the Furtherance of the general Design, is not yet determined. I much want to consult your Honour in the Affair, but must wait upon providence. and remain with sincere esteem and respect.

Your Honours Most obedient, and Most Humble Servant ELEazar WuHEkELock. Sir William Johnson Baronet

-- April. 10. 1763

This Letter has lain by waiting for an opportunity till now, and what the fate of it will be I cant tell. Your Two to Joseph came as he informs you. had the former came Seasonably he should likely have gone with Kirtland to N. Jersey College, but I apprehend it is, all things considered, better as it is, I purpose to take him with me to Portsmouth about 160 miles this Spring and would not have you expect him till June when M. Smith

Designs to take the journey with him. : Tam Yours ut ante E. Wueetocx.

THE SIX NATIONS. 325

MR. SMITH TO SIR WILLIAM JOHNSON.

ze Lebanon January 18 A. D. 1763. ir

Though I have not the Honor of personal Acquaintance with you, yet the important and repeated services you have _ done Your Country, have long made me acquainted with Your Charecter, which shines with such distinguished Lustre in the Annals of Fame.

Smith

Designs to take the journey with him. : Tam Yours ut ante E. Wueetocx.

THE SIX NATIONS. 325

MR. SMITH TO SIR WILLIAM JOHNSON.

ze Lebanon January 18 A. D. 1763. ir

Though I have not the Honor of personal Acquaintance with you, yet the important and repeated services you have _ done Your Country, have long made me acquainted with Your Charecter, which shines with such distinguished Lustre in the Annals of Fame.

Yet I should not presume to give you this Trouble, was I not

moved and emboldened hereto, by an Affair of some Importance, the Execution of which depends much on Your Honours Approbation., _. This Necessity I hope your Candour will admit as a sufficient Excuse, for the Liberty a Stranger takes in writeing to you : and therefore without further Apology I beg Leave to lay the Affair before you.

I propose next Summer to take an excursion into the Mohawk Country as a Missionary; and being a stranger to the Indian Dialect, IT must of Consequence improve an Interpreter, having spent some Time here as a schoolmaster, (with that worthy Gentleman, and eminent Friend of Indians The Rev' M". Wheelock) I have contracted an intimate Acquaintance with Joseph who I understand is high in your affection and esteem, and has the Wisdom and Prudence to resign himself to your Direction and Conduct--as He is a promising Youth, of a sprightly Genius, singular Modesty, and a Serious Turn, I know of none so well calculated to answer my End as He is--in which Design He woud very Willingly and cheerfully engage shoud Your Honour consent to and approve of it.

Wheelock) I have contracted an intimate Acquaintance with Joseph who I understand is high in your affection and esteem, and has the Wisdom and Prudence to resign himself to your Direction and Conduct--as He is a promising Youth, of a sprightly Genius, singular Modesty, and a Serious Turn, I know of none so well calculated to answer my End as He is--in which Design He woud very Willingly and cheerfully engage shoud Your Honour consent to and approve of it.

He has so much endeared Himself to me by his Amiable Deportment ; his Laudable Thirst after and Progress in Learning: that did I not apprehend this woud be as beneficial to Him, as advantageous to me, I shoud neither desire his Assistance nor solicit Your Approbation.

but I apprehend I can much sooner perfect Him in the English Language, and better instruct Him in whatever He shall have

325 PAPERS RELATING TO

occasion to learn, when he is constantly with me, and I ean devote myself so much more to his Service, than when in the School where a large Number are to be taken care of in conjunetion with Him--and perhaps this woud be a Spur to Him, as well as an additional Motive with Me, to take particular Pains in accomplishing Him for such a Service, and so the general Design of His Education be rather forwarded than retarded.

Shoud Your Honour acquiesce in, and approve of the Propo- . sal, I shoud immediately take upon me the whole Expence of his Education ; and go long as he serves in the Character of an Interpreter, would allow him a genteel Reward.

occasion to learn, when he is constantly with me, and I ean devote myself so much more to his Service, than when in the School where a large Number are to be taken care of in conjunetion with Him--and perhaps this woud be a Spur to Him, as well as an additional Motive with Me, to take particular Pains in accomplishing Him for such a Service, and so the general Design of His Education be rather forwarded than retarded.

Shoud Your Honour acquiesce in, and approve of the Propo- . sal, I shoud immediately take upon me the whole Expence of his Education ; and go long as he serves in the Character of an Interpreter, would allow him a genteel Reward.

The present Excursion is designed only for a few months, after which He can return again to this School, so that I imagine if its of no Advantage, it can be but of little disadvantage to Him. but if there shoud be farther occasion for Him and it shoud %e agreable to You" to have Him continued in such a Service, T trust that I shall do Honourably by Him.

If Your Honour woud be pleased to acquaint me with Your Sentiments relative hereto, it woud be received as a Favour, And acknowledged with Gratitude by Him, who, relying on Your Candour to excuse the Prolixity, and pardon the Inaccuracies of this Letter, begs Leave in the most Respectful Manner to Subscribe Himself

Your Honours most Obedient Humble Servant Cuartes Jerrry Smirn. Sir William Johnson

The present Excursion is designed only for a few months, after which He can return again to this School, so that I imagine if its of no Advantage, it can be but of little disadvantage to Him. but if there shoud be farther occasion for Him and it shoud %e agreable to You" to have Him continued in such a Service, T trust that I shall do Honourably by Him.

If Your Honour woud be pleased to acquaint me with Your Sentiments relative hereto, it woud be received as a Favour, And acknowledged with Gratitude by Him, who, relying on Your Candour to excuse the Prolixity, and pardon the Inaccuracies of this Letter, begs Leave in the most Respectful Manner to Subscribe Himself

Your Honours most Obedient Humble Servant Cuartes Jerrry Smirn. Sir William Johnson

CWT:

MR. WEYMAN, PRINTER, TO THE REV. DR. BARCLAY.

CONCERNING THE INDIAN PRAYER BOOK, Rev Sir I crave your Pardon for not answering you sooner relating to the Prayer Book:--The Government Work Jaid heavy on my Hands at the Time you sent it; but having now dispateh'd it,

THE SIX NATIONS. 327

can begin upon the Book as soon as Sir William thinks proper to engage at the Prices and form mentioned.

I am, Sir, Your obliged, Humble Servant, N. York, April.2¢ 1763. Wm. Weyman.!

To D: Barclay.

1 Wittiam Weyman was son of the rector of the Episcopal church at Oxford, Philadelphia Co., Pa. He served his time to Wm. Bradford in Philadelphia, and in Jan. 1753 became a partner of John Parker of New York. Weyman managed the concerns of this firm which published a newspaper called the N. Y. Gazette or Weekly Post Boy, and several books. <A piece entitled '' Observations on the Circumstances and Conduct of the people in the counties of Ulster and Orange in the Prov'ce of New York," from the pen of the Rev.

He served his time to Wm. Bradford in Philadelphia, and in Jan. 1753 became a partner of John Parker of New York. Weyman managed the concerns of this firm which published a newspaper called the N. Y. Gazette or Weekly Post Boy, and several books. <A piece entitled '' Observations on the Circumstances and Conduct of the people in the counties of Ulster and Orange in the Prov'ce of New York," from the pen of the Rev. Hezekiah Watkins of Newburgh, having appeared in the paper of the 15th March, 1765, the Assembly on whose conduct it reflected, took umbrage and summoned the printers to their bar. Weyman alone appeared at first, but Parker came into town immediately and surrendered himself to the Sergeant at Arms, but on petition they were shortly afterwards discharged. Watkins was Missionary of the Society for Propagating the Gospel; on being arrested by order of the House in the course of the following year, he acknowledged himself the author of the piece, was reprimanded and discharged. In Jan. 1759, Weyman's partnership with Parker was dissolved, and on 16th Feb. he commenced the publication of the N. Y. Gazette, which was printed on a crown sheet every Monday. In Nov. 1760, he became public printer, and was appointed to print Smith & Livingston's edition of the Laws. In Nov. 1766 he printed in his paper the address of the Assembly to Goy. Moore, in which the House said, among other things, '' Your Excellency has done us no more than justice in supposing that we will cheerfully co-operate with you." Weyman by some blunder omitted the little word ''no," and for this was arraigned again before the representatives of the people. He threw the blame on one of his journeymen, but was unable to prove the allegation.

In Nov. 1766 he printed in his paper the address of the Assembly to Goy. Moore, in which the House said, among other things, '' Your Excellency has done us no more than justice in supposing that we will cheerfully co-operate with you." Weyman by some blunder omitted the little word ''no," and for this was arraigned again before the representatives of the people. He threw the blame on one of his journeymen, but was unable to prove the allegation. He was dismissed on asking pardon, and promising to be more careful for the future.* Parker, his late partner, having been appointed post-master at New York, is accused by Weyman of suppressing the copies of the Gazette placed in the P. O. for distribution. Whether this was true or not, the circulation of his paper fell off to such an extent that it ceased to be published Dec. 28, 1767. Its proprictor did not long survive it. On the 15th January following he resigned his office as public printer and after a lingering illness, which had for some time rendered him incapable of business, he died in New York on the 18th July 1768. It appears by one of the letters in this series, that he died bankrupt. Ep.

* The Journal of the Assembly of the Prov. of New York for the Session of 1766, being unfortunately omitted in the printed edition, we haye no means of comparing the above statement (made in Thomas's Hist. of Printing) with the Votes of the House.

On the 15th January following he resigned his office as public printer and after a lingering illness, which had for some time rendered him incapable of business, he died in New York on the 18th July 1768. It appears by one of the letters in this series, that he died bankrupt. Ep.

* The Journal of the Assembly of the Prov. of New York for the Session of 1766, being unfortunately omitted in the printed edition, we haye no means of comparing the above statement (made in Thomas's Hist. of Printing) with the Votes of the House.

328 PAPERS RELATING TO

REV. MR. WHEELOCK TO GENL AMHERST.

Lebanon, Connecticut, April 2, 1763. May it please your Excellency,

The narrative herewith inclosed, gives your Exeellency some short account of the success of my feeble endeavours, through the blessing of God upon them, in the affair there related.

Your Excellency will easily see, that if the number of youth in this school continues to increase, as it has done, and as our prospects are that it will do, we shall soon be obliged to build to accommodate them, and accordingly to determine upon the place where to fix it. And I would humbly submit to your Excellency's consideration the following proposal, viz.

That a tract of land, about fifteen or twenty miles square, or so much as shall be sufficient for four townships, on the west side of Susquehanna River, or in some other place more convenient, in the heart of the Indian country, be granted, in favor of this School. The said townships be peopled with a chosen number of inhabitants of known honesty, integrity, and such as love and will be kind to, and honest in their dealings with Indians.

That a tract of land, about fifteen or twenty miles square, or so much as shall be sufficient for four townships, on the west side of Susquehanna River, or in some other place more convenient, in the heart of the Indian country, be granted, in favor of this School. The said townships be peopled with a chosen number of inhabitants of known honesty, integrity, and such as love and will be kind to, and honest in their dealings with Indians.

That a thousand acres of, and within said grant, be given to this school. And that the School be an Academy for all parts of useful learning ; part of it tobe a College for the education of missionaries, interpreters, school masters, &c.; and part. of it a school to teach reading, writing, &e. And that there be - manufactures for the instruction both of males and females, in whatever shall be useful and necessary in life, and proper tutors, masters, and mistresses be provided for the same. That those towns be furnished with ministers of the best characters, and such as are of ability, when incorporated with a number of the most understanding of the inhabitants, to conduct the affairs of the school, and of such missions as they shall have oceasion and ability for, from time to time. That there be a sufficient number of laborers upon the lands belonging to the school ; and that the students be obliged to labor with them, and under their direction and conduct, so much as shall be necessary for their health, and

That those towns be furnished with ministers of the best characters, and such as are of ability, when incorporated with a number of the most understanding of the inhabitants, to conduct the affairs of the school, and of such missions as they shall have oceasion and ability for, from time to time. That there be a sufficient number of laborers upon the lands belonging to the school ; and that the students be obliged to labor with them, and under their direction and conduct, so much as shall be necessary for their health, and

to give them an understanding of husbandry. And those who

THE SIX NATIONS. 329

are designed for farmers, after they have got a sufficient degree of school learning, to labor constantly, and the school to have all the benefit of their labor, and they the benefit of being . instructed therein, till they are of an age and understanding sufficient to set up for themselves, and introduce husbandry. among their respective tribes. And that there be a moderate tax upon all the granted lands, after the first ten or fifteen years, and also some duty upon mills, &c. which shall not be burdensome to the inhabitants, for the support of the school, or missionaries among the Indians, &c.

By this mean much expence, and many inconveniences occasioned by our great distance from them, would be prevented, our missionaries be much better supported and provided for, especially in case of sickness, &. Parents and children be more contented, being nearer to one another, and likely many persuaded to send their children for an education who are now dissuaded from it, only on account of the great distance of the school from them.

And that there be a moderate tax upon all the granted lands, after the first ten or fifteen years, and also some duty upon mills, &c. which shall not be burdensome to the inhabitants, for the support of the school, or missionaries among the Indians, &c.

By this mean much expence, and many inconveniences occasioned by our great distance from them, would be prevented, our missionaries be much better supported and provided for, especially in case of sickness, &. Parents and children be more contented, being nearer to one another, and likely many persuaded to send their children for an education who are now dissuaded from it, only on account of the great distance of the school from them.

The bearer, Mr. Charles Jeffrey Smith, is able if your Excellency desires it, to give you a more full and particular account of the present state of this School, having been for some time the master and instructor of it, and is now designed with the leave of Providence, the ensuing summer, to make an excursion, as a missionary among the Indians, with an interpreter from this school. And by him your Excellency may favour me with your thoughts on what I have proposed.

I am with sincerest duty and esteem May it please your Excellency your Excellency's most obedient and most humble servant, ELEAzZAR WHEELOCK.

330 PAPERS RELATING TO

SIR WM. JOHNSON TO THE REY. DR. BARCLAY.

CONCERNING THE INDIAN PRAYER BOOK,

Johnson Hall Apr! 29th 1763 Sir,

T have been favored with yours of the 12th inst. which needed no Apology as I never in the least doubted your assiduity and inclination to forward a Work which I flatter myself will under your inspection prove of great utility to the propagation of Christian knowledge. :

I am with sincerest duty and esteem May it please your Excellency your Excellency's most obedient and most humble servant, ELEAzZAR WHEELOCK.

330 PAPERS RELATING TO

SIR WM. JOHNSON TO THE REY. DR. BARCLAY.

CONCERNING THE INDIAN PRAYER BOOK,

Johnson Hall Apr! 29th 1763 Sir,

T have been favored with yours of the 12th inst. which needed no Apology as I never in the least doubted your assiduity and inclination to forward a Work which I flatter myself will under your inspection prove of great utility to the propagation of Christian knowledge. :

I herewith Enclose you the plan which I most approve of for the Size & Quantity of the Book, the same being much more portable than the other, and must therefore request you will give directions accordingly, and that you will likewise be so good as to give such Necessary Assistances therein as you shall Judge Expedient, for which purpose Capt Claus has sent you the Old Printed Book, as also that any other Offices &e which you can afford may be inserted for rendering the present Edition more Compleat than the former.

I am glad you approve of my Sentiments concerning the Missionaries which are not only very Requisite amongst the Indians, but will tend to advance the Established Church which is in great want of a proper support in these parts.

D: Barclay Iam &c.

REV. MR. WHEELOCK TO SIR WM. JOHNSON.

Hartford May 16th 1'763 Sir, May it please your Honour,

Ireceived last Evening a Paper with your Seal inclosing a Letter to Joseph from his Sister 3' wrote, I suppose in the Mohawk Language ; and by which he informs me, he is ordered to come directly home; that the Indians are displeased with his being here at School, that they don't like the People &c, which has

REV. MR. WHEELOCK TO SIR WM. JOHNSON.

Hartford May 16th 1'763 Sir, May it please your Honour,

Ireceived last Evening a Paper with your Seal inclosing a Letter to Joseph from his Sister 3' wrote, I suppose in the Mohawk Language ; and by which he informs me, he is ordered to come directly home; that the Indians are displeased with his being here at School, that they don't like the People &c, which has

1 Molly Brant, Sir W. Johnson's " housekeeper."" Ep.

\

THE SIX NATIONS. 331

occasioned no small Exercise to my Mind, and many Turnings of Thoughts what should be the Occasion or meaning of it.

In my last to you, I informed you of the truly noble, and charitable Design of Mt Charles Jeffry Smith (who has been Joseph's Tutor last winter), his Purpose to come with Joseph to you as soon as he could get ready for the Business of his proposed Mission, and that I designed to take Joseph with me to Boston & Portsmouth &c, and that you might expect him in June &¢ but whether you have received that Letter with others from M* Smith and Joseph I don't learn, but suppose it likely you ha'n't yet received them. And inasmuch as there was nothing wrote to me manifesting your Pleasure in the Affair, I presume your Honour did not know the Contents of the Inclosed though it came under your Seal ; and how to conduct in the Affair Iam at a great Loss--Mr Smith is now gone to New York &c to prepare for his Mission ; I expect him back soon, and if he comes & finds Joseph gone, whom he depends upon for a Pilot & Companion he will be greatly disappointed, and I fear will think himself very ungratefully treated.

And inasmuch as there was nothing wrote to me manifesting your Pleasure in the Affair, I presume your Honour did not know the Contents of the Inclosed though it came under your Seal ; and how to conduct in the Affair Iam at a great Loss--Mr Smith is now gone to New York &c to prepare for his Mission ; I expect him back soon, and if he comes & finds Joseph gone, whom he depends upon for a Pilot & Companion he will be greatly disappointed, and I fear will think himself very ungratefully treated. Joseph is rendered so very uneasy, for fear of gaining the Displeasure of his Friends, that I am doubtful whether it will do to detain him, and to send him alone will not be well, be sure on Foot, and to send a Horse with him may give him much Trouble to return him. Nor have I any intimation of any valuable End that may be served by his going before the Time proposed--And as Joseph desires to put himself under your Honour's Conduct, as what he apprehends most safe & prudent for him to do, so I. should be glad your Honour would as explicitly as you please let me know your Pleasure, And upon the whole think it advisable to detain Joseph (if he will be content to stay), till I receive your Honour's Pleasure, or till the Time appointed for his coming by Mt Smith.

And I am with Sincere Respect & Esteem Your Honour's most obedient humble Servt Sir William Johnson. Eveazar WHEELOCK.

Nor have I any intimation of any valuable End that may be served by his going before the Time proposed--And as Joseph desires to put himself under your Honour's Conduct, as what he apprehends most safe & prudent for him to do, so I. should be glad your Honour would as explicitly as you please let me know your Pleasure, And upon the whole think it advisable to detain Joseph (if he will be content to stay), till I receive your Honour's Pleasure, or till the Time appointed for his coming by Mt Smith.

And I am with Sincere Respect & Esteem Your Honour's most obedient humble Servt Sir William Johnson. Eveazar WHEELOCK.

332 PAPERS RELATING TO

GEN. AMHERST TO REV. MR. WHEELOCK.

New York, May 23, 1763. bck morning, Mr. Smith delivered me your letter of the 21st [24] April, with the narrative enclosed, which I have perused. The design is a very commendable one, and I should be extremely happy in having it in my power, to be any ways instrumental in civilizing the Indians, and promoting seminaries of learning in this country ; but as the disposal and settlement of the conquered lands in America must be determined by His Majesty, and that there is reason to beleive the same is now under consideration at home ; I can only advise you to make application there ; for I have no authority whatever, to dispose of any lands in this country. You cannot have a better patron than the nobleman to whom you have dedicated your narrative, and I shall be very glad to hear that your application is attended with success.

The design is a very commendable one, and I should be extremely happy in having it in my power, to be any ways instrumental in civilizing the Indians, and promoting seminaries of learning in this country ; but as the disposal and settlement of the conquered lands in America must be determined by His Majesty, and that there is reason to beleive the same is now under consideration at home ; I can only advise you to make application there ; for I have no authority whatever, to dispose of any lands in this country. You cannot have a better patron than the nobleman to whom you have dedicated your narrative, and I shall be very glad to hear that your application is attended with success.

I am, Sir, Your most obedient servant, Rey, Eleazar Wheelock. JEFFRY AMHERST.

REV. DR. BARCLAY TO REVD. SAM" JOHNSON.

Rev4 Sir

I am so crampt in Time that I cannot give You a particular answer to yours of the First Instant. I know not how to advise Mr. Bennet! to go amongst the Indians in this unsettled state

1 Mr. Benner was originally master of the first school, established in 1741, in connection with the Episcopal Church at Newport, R. I. The Abstract of the Soc. for Prop. the Gospel, for 1765, referring to him says '' By a letter from Mr. Cornelius Bennet, Catechist to the Mohawk Indians, inclosed in a letter from the Revd. Mr. Apthorp, dated 12 March, 1764, we learn that Mr. Bennet has entered upon the work of instrueting the Indians, and has a fine company of children under his care, who are very orderly and ingenious. They hear prayers morning and evening, learn to read English, are. catechised in the Mohawk Tongue, taught obedience to their parents, the observation of the Lords day, Respect to their Supcriors, and a courteous behaviour toall.

Cornelius Bennet, Catechist to the Mohawk Indians, inclosed in a letter from the Revd. Mr. Apthorp, dated 12 March, 1764, we learn that Mr. Bennet has entered upon the work of instrueting the Indians, and has a fine company of children under his care, who are very orderly and ingenious. They hear prayers morning and evening, learn to read English, are. catechised in the Mohawk Tongue, taught obedience to their parents, the observation of the Lords day, Respect to their Supcriors, and a courteous behaviour toall. This, he says, is the only

THE SIX NATIONS. 333

of things amongst Them. I am in hopes we shall hear better acctts soon. I cannot find that the Mohawks approve of the Measures taken by the other Indian Nations, but some people suspect them. As to the Boston Commissioners, 'tho' I could have wished the Society had been before hand with them, yet, as you say, I cannot see how we can refuse their offer. Please therefor in your Letter to them to signify My assent to their proposal. I have not time to write to M* Bennet now but shall as soon as I have a certain acctt of the State of Things amongst the Indians. If he ventures, I shall comply with my proposal as to Lodging and Board, till such Time as I conclude a Bargain with Sir William Johnson who is treating with me for my Farm, fora Glebe for the Indian Missionary, as I have before informed you please inform M* Bennet of this.

I have not time to write to M* Bennet now but shall as soon as I have a certain acctt of the State of Things amongst the Indians. If he ventures, I shall comply with my proposal as to Lodging and Board, till such Time as I conclude a Bargain with Sir William Johnson who is treating with me for my Farm, fora Glebe for the Indian Missionary, as I have before informed you please inform M* Bennet of this.

As to the printing my letter to Mt Apthorp, with Your piece, I should have no objection, if it were not that I suspect mine to the Society in answer to Smith may still be published. Besides I have not a copy of it for I had no time to take one. I am however willing to do any thing You Shall judge useful. Iam with usual Compliments

Rev Sir Yours affectionately Henry Barcray. Augst 8 1763 P. S. Ihave had a long letter from Rye intimating M' Palmers!

English school ever known here, and may by a divine blessing, sooth and mollify their wild fierce Tempers. The parents are so well pleased with their children's Improvement that they send them for Instruction from an Indian Town 30 miles up the River. As there is no Physician near, Mr. Bennet visits the poor Indians when they are sick and infirm, and supplies them with Medicines, by which means their minds are still more conciliated towards the English. Mr. Apthorp recommends him to the continuance of the Societies Favour as a person well, qualified for the service he has undertaken." Rev. Mr. East Apthorp was the Society's Missionary at Cambridge, Mass., which charge he resigned at the date of the. above letter, and returned to England, were he died in1816- Mr, Bennet did not continue long among the Mohawks, for his name does not appear on the Society's lists in connection with them after this date---Ep.

Apthorp recommends him to the continuance of the Societies Favour as a person well, qualified for the service he has undertaken." Rev. Mr. East Apthorp was the Society's Missionary at Cambridge, Mass., which charge he resigned at the date of the. above letter, and returned to England, were he died in1816- Mr, Bennet did not continue long among the Mohawks, for his name does not appear on the Society's lists in connection with them after this date---Ep.

1 Revd. Mr. Patmer was originally a Dissenting Minister of New England. He went to England with strong recommendations from the Revd. Dr. Johnson | and other clergymen, and was ordained by the Bishop of Bangor in1754. On his

334 PAPERS RELATING TO

unwillingness to give up that Mission for N. Haven, and a growing disaffection to Mr. Punderson at Rye! Mr Cooper was at Westchester on Sunday last and tells me he hears Mr. Punderson is endeavoring to make Interest There.

MR. WEYMAN TO REY. DR. BARCLAY.

CONCERNING THE INDIAN PRAYER BOOK,

Revé Sir

I send a 24 Proof to be revised by you.--I apprehend ye Corrections on our Side be not so exact as I could wish.--Please to peruse it a 24 Time.--We are put to prodigious Difficulty to print such Language (in form) in North America, where we have . hot the Command of a Letter-Maker's founding-House to suit ourselves in y® particular Sorts required, such as--p's--k's--y's--- &c.--&c. when had it been in ye English Tongue, we could make much greater Dispatch,--but at present 'tis absolutely impossible,--I having been obliged to borrow sundry Letters from my

I send a 24 Proof to be revised by you.--I apprehend ye Corrections on our Side be not so exact as I could wish.--Please to peruse it a 24 Time.--We are put to prodigious Difficulty to print such Language (in form) in North America, where we have . hot the Command of a Letter-Maker's founding-House to suit ourselves in y® particular Sorts required, such as--p's--k's--y's--- &c.--&c. when had it been in ye English Tongue, we could make much greater Dispatch,--but at present 'tis absolutely impossible,--I having been obliged to borrow sundry Letters from my

return he became missionary of the towns of New Milford, Sharon and Litchfield, Conn. In 1761, he was removed at his own request, tc Amboy, N. J. On the recommendation of Dr. Johnson he was appointed successor to Mr. Wetmore at Rye, in 1763. But the congregation at this place preferred the Revd. Mr. Punderson, and the Society was requested to change Mr. Palmer, which it declined. ''The people at Rye (says the Archb. of Canterbury, writing to Dr. J., March 1763.) may refuse him if they will, and take the maintenance of Mr. Punderson on themselves, and we shall be very well pleased." The difficulty was settled apparently, for we find Mr. Palmer at New Haven in 1764. In 1769, he was missionary at Litchfield and Great Barrington. His death is supposed to have occurred in 1772, for Mr. Mosely is mentioned as Missionary at Litchfield in 1773.--Ep,

1 Esenrzer Punprrson, graduated at Yale Coll. in 1726, and was a Congregational Minister at Groton, Conn. He conformed to the Church of England about the year 1732. Having received orders in London in 1734, he organized a congregation, on his return, in Norwich, at the village of Poquetanuck about the year 1738. His name appears on the Society's lists as ' Itinerant Missionary in Connecticut," until 1753, when he was settled in the church of N.

1 Esenrzer Punprrson, graduated at Yale Coll. in 1726, and was a Congregational Minister at Groton, Conn. He conformed to the Church of England about the year 1732. Having received orders in London in 1734, he organized a congregation, on his return, in Norwich, at the village of Poquetanuck about the year 1738. His name appears on the Society's lists as ' Itinerant Missionary in Connecticut," until 1753, when he was settled in the church of N. Haven, the place of his nativity. In the spring of 1768, being succeeded by the Rey. John Beardslee, he took charge of the Church of Rye, Westchester Co., and officiated there and in the adjoining towns until the following year, when he died (22d Sept.) aged 60 years.--Ep.

THE SIX NATIONS. 335

brother Printers even to complete this present half sheet, when I have as complete an office to print English as any of them.-- For these Reasons, I trust neither yourself, or Sir William, will condemn me for neglect,--adding, withal, the Difficulty of keeping a Journeyman to his Duty. I am, Sir, Your obliged H»le Servant, Oct" 20, 1763. Won. Weyman.

+< p>

REY. MR. LAPPIUS TO SIR WM. JOHNSON.

Conajoharie December 29th 1763, Sir!

The good opportunity I have by M« William Seeber my friend, gives me encouragement to trouble your Honour with these few Lines, to beg the favour of sending me by him a bottle of brandy & some Raisins, which your Honour would have send long ago, if you had a good opportunity, as I am resolved to Trye that Cure with old Peer, I have drank this 4 weeks an ugly Drink of what the Germans Call Longe Kraut, which grows on the white oak Trees, & this Decoctum makes me Cough up more as ever I did, but my breath goes freer & Stronger, Doctor Stringer has send me 2 boxes of pills which J used, I can not say of any great effect they did, Seeng that all will not do, I shall Try Peer & then leave of, My Strength goes away with my flesh, for all have I good Stomach & appetite like a Man that is wel, I did leave of for a while preaching, which neglect I thougt made me siker as I was, therefore have don my Service last holydays & was wel afterwards, the only thing what troubles me so much, is cold I can hardly get a warm foot ina Day, if I set upon the Stoaf, which occasioned great head ague, So that I was several times in a bad Condition for that Complaints sake, I have no warm.

The good opportunity I have by M« William Seeber my friend, gives me encouragement to trouble your Honour with these few Lines, to beg the favour of sending me by him a bottle of brandy & some Raisins, which your Honour would have send long ago, if you had a good opportunity, as I am resolved to Trye that Cure with old Peer, I have drank this 4 weeks an ugly Drink of what the Germans Call Longe Kraut, which grows on the white oak Trees, & this Decoctum makes me Cough up more as ever I did, but my breath goes freer & Stronger, Doctor Stringer has send me 2 boxes of pills which J used, I can not say of any great effect they did, Seeng that all will not do, I shall Try Peer & then leave of, My Strength goes away with my flesh, for all have I good Stomach & appetite like a Man that is wel, I did leave of for a while preaching, which neglect I thougt made me siker as I was, therefore have don my Service last holydays & was wel afterwards, the only thing what troubles me so much, is cold I can hardly get a warm foot ina Day, if I set upon the Stoaf, which occasioned great head ague, So that I was several times in a bad Condition for that Complaints sake, I have no warm. Cloathing & my house is vere cold & most open, & so poor in cash &c: that I can not for this time supply this Want, your Honour would oblige your old faithfull Servant, if you would Trust him a cupple new planckets for making a new, warm Coat, to cover his Cold sick poor body, till he shall turn wel or able to Do Your Honour satisfaction for them.

Cloathing & my house is vere cold & most open, & so poor in cash &c: that I can not for this time supply this Want, your Honour would oblige your old faithfull Servant, if you would Trust him a cupple new planckets for making a new, warm Coat, to cover his Cold sick poor body, till he shall turn wel or able to Do Your Honour satisfaction for them.

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I farder must Complaint to your Honour out of my Lazareth that Wicked Ury Clok has puzzled into the Eears of Some people upon the land called the Switzer mount, that your Honour had ordered me to make them all sign a bond for all the Costs which would arise from that Action, under the Name of a petition, Which your Honor know as wel as I that never such a thing has been don, the ignorant people have most Eaten up my little flesh & bones, which I thought they would tare in pieces, would it not been good that Clok should be paid once for his Devilish seditious humour ?

Finally do I wish your Honour & the whole your Noble Family a blessed & happy Exodum to this-most Ended year, & a prosperous Transitum & over step into the New year near by, The God of heaven & Eart Grant your Honour upon a New His Godly Patronage, favour Mercy, Wisdom, Strength & all Requisita, with which he has been pleased to Endow your Person this Manny Years to the best of Land & Church, as a faithfull Servant unto his Master the king, & that when your Days are spent, that I may have the pleasure to See you with this My Eyes in the Rest & happiness to Come after this Troublesome Life, So wishes he, who Dyes

Finally do I wish your Honour & the whole your Noble Family a blessed & happy Exodum to this-most Ended year, & a prosperous Transitum & over step into the New year near by, The God of heaven & Eart Grant your Honour upon a New His Godly Patronage, favour Mercy, Wisdom, Strength & all Requisita, with which he has been pleased to Endow your Person this Manny Years to the best of Land & Church, as a faithfull Servant unto his Master the king, & that when your Days are spent, that I may have the pleasure to See you with this My Eyes in the Rest & happiness to Come after this Troublesome Life, So wishes he, who Dyes

Your Honours Most Dutifull Servant Jou. Caspr: Laprivs.

.D.M. P. S. My Neighboor John Abeel Acts the Mad man.

ie REV. FATHER ROBAUD TO SIR WM JOHNSON. ir

I am Extreemly sensible, and very readily acknowledge, the great honour you have done me, by your Jate obliging Letter. Every part thereof breath politeness, Witt and Generosity ; An open heart and Sincere, all declares the man of honour, and shews Monsieur le Chevallier Johnson. I have no Term ; no Expression can avail me, to render (or speak) all I naturally

THE SIX NATIONS. JOT

feel, at the sight of so noble, so generous a proceeding. I had not heretofore the honour to be acquainted with the English Nation. Born in the midst of France without being natural Subject of the French King, I had hitherto hardly known any but Frenchmen. But how truly can I affirm that Inever have seen in any one of them, any thing that approach in the least, of or Like that noble generosity, (or the great characteristick of the English,) so Remarkable amongst the English.

I had not heretofore the honour to be acquainted with the English Nation. Born in the midst of France without being natural Subject of the French King, I had hitherto hardly known any but Frenchmen. But how truly can I affirm that Inever have seen in any one of them, any thing that approach in the least, of or Like that noble generosity, (or the great characteristick of the English,) so Remarkable amongst the English. I have followed that Nation Step by Step, Ever since the conquest of Canada, and I confess that I cannot recover my surprise. What hath made the greatest Impression on my mind, is that fund of Integrity, which nothing can alter: that disinterestedness, which is above what ever I can say inits praise. If New England had been so unfortunate as to become the prey of the French, it had time to shed/Tears, or to Mourn and bewail its lamentable fate. And Canada Taken by the English, daily bless its Destiny. yes, I daily hear the Canadians wishing Joy to one another, and congratulating themselves, that they have been taken by General Amherst, and are governed by the respectable heros that commands there, this day. This, I have had the honour to declare to Gen! Hamerst, last winter in my Letters, and will not cease to ° proclaim the same to the world, wilst I have Being.

These generous proceeding have so far gained Upon me, that Ihave not hesitated on moment, but Gave general Amherst all the knowledge and Lights, which my Stay in Canada, and my connections, Especially, with the late French generals, have enabled me to procure. These papers are of the utmost consequence, Yowll Judge thereof on their Titles. You shall hereafter be acquainted with the motives, which obliges me to declare them (that is, the contents of thepapers,) to you.

These generous proceeding have so far gained Upon me, that Ihave not hesitated on moment, but Gave general Amherst all the knowledge and Lights, which my Stay in Canada, and my connections, Especially, with the late French generals, have enabled me to procure. These papers are of the utmost consequence, Yowll Judge thereof on their Titles. You shall hereafter be acquainted with the motives, which obliges me to declare them (that is, the contents of thepapers,) to you. The first packet contained a discourse directed to Gen! Hamerst, wherein I shew him, what it would be right for England to Insist on, and do, Whether, at the Next peace to be made, Canada be returned to the French, or no. There is many things in this discourse regarding the Indians, Especially the benakis and the Iroquois, who may be called English Indians, and whom it would be very practicable to bring back again into their Ancient habitations, let the Event of the war be what it will, that is to say, the one --

Vou. rv. 22

3088 . PAPERS RELATING TO

Nation in Acadia, and the other among the Six Nations. I show therein the means, and at the same time declare the Immense Benefit, that would Accrue to the British commerce, from this kind of Transmigration. Jam so bent for that same, that if canada be restored to the French, and Gener! Amherst, from whom I daily Expect an Answer to some former Letter, don't give me a Call, I will certainly quit the Contry.

Nation in Acadia, and the other among the Six Nations. I show therein the means, and at the same time declare the Immense Benefit, that would Accrue to the British commerce, from this kind of Transmigration. Jam so bent for that same, that if canada be restored to the French, and Gener! Amherst, from whom I daily Expect an Answer to some former Letter, don't give me a Call, I will certainly quit the Contry.

The second packet contained Instructions from M« Montcalm to divers Minimes of France, to the minimes of the Marine, to the plenipotentiaries Intended to be sent to the future congress for the General peace, to the future governoer of Canada, And finally to the Intendants.

The third and last packet contained a code of Civil Law adapted for the governm' of Canada, which Mr de Moncalm had at his leasure houres originally projected and drawn. this last work is not perfect, and altho I daily work thereon, it cannot be so soon finished, the truth is, that having unhapily lost a part of my papers in my frequent Travels, I must supply what is wanting. This is the matter contained in these papers, which I had the honour to remit to General Amherst, and concerning 'which I Expect a decisive Answer. If these papers concerned you in the least, I would gladly transmit them to you, but I could not very soon comply, because, besides the Extraordinary length of the contents of these papers, Iam now busy in completing the canadian Code of Civil law, but I should have remitted you indeed the discourse to General Amherst, wherein Are contained many Anecdotes relating to the Indians. You will be so kiud to Signify your pleasure on this Subject, and you shall be obeyed.

If these papers concerned you in the least, I would gladly transmit them to you, but I could not very soon comply, because, besides the Extraordinary length of the contents of these papers, Iam now busy in completing the canadian Code of Civil law, but I should have remitted you indeed the discourse to General Amherst, wherein Are contained many Anecdotes relating to the Indians. You will be so kiud to Signify your pleasure on this Subject, and you shall be obeyed.

Could I but obtain the honour of waiting on you, I would more fully apprise you, with the whole Matter of fact; and I assure you that if that was intirely left to my choice, I should soon offer myself into your presence, but I have not been able hetherto to obtain leave of the government, to undertake such a Journey. They have rather been pleased to order my Stay at St Francois, where indeed I have been protected against a multitude of Enemies, Especially my Brethren, the Jesuits; who have proclaimed open war against me, but thank to god, Ihave found my good protection amongst those of the English Nation. My

THE SIX NATIONS. 339

Indians cannot set out for your place these ten days, poverty hath lengthened their hunting Season, and is the real cause of this delay ; which Excuse, I pray you to accept for your self, and to cause it, to be accepted of also, by the Loups and the Six Nations. They will on return bring me your Answer and what may be your pleasure in regard to what I have had the honour to impart to you above.

Indians cannot set out for your place these ten days, poverty hath lengthened their hunting Season, and is the real cause of this delay ; which Excuse, I pray you to accept for your self, and to cause it, to be accepted of also, by the Loups and the Six Nations. They will on return bring me your Answer and what may be your pleasure in regard to what I have had the honour to impart to you above.

I Long to find some signal opportunity, I don't say to prove you my gratitude ; a man of that little account, as I am ; is not capable of doing itin a manner worthy of you. but at least, to show you some part of that most Sincere respect and attachment which I have for your person. I never was fortunate in my whole life, and I told it to myself a thousand times, that I was not born to be the happy Man. ButI have erred ; & I am happily convinced thereof from the moment I got into your acquaintance, and gained your friendship. The friendship of a gentleman like you, is a fortune of Superior value, tis a good so transcendant, that I don't think I have ever procured myself so valuable a one since I was born. I dare to subjoin, Sir, that I am not all together Unworthy, and that if I merit such distinction, I merritt it by these sentiments of respect devotion and atttachment, which will End with my Life. This is my way of thinking. it is the heart that dictates all I write, therefore pardon my spinning this Letter to such unusuall length. When the heart is Engaged with a person thoroughly Esteemed, it hath always some thing new to Impart.

I dare to subjoin, Sir, that I am not all together Unworthy, and that if I merit such distinction, I merritt it by these sentiments of respect devotion and atttachment, which will End with my Life. This is my way of thinking. it is the heart that dictates all I write, therefore pardon my spinning this Letter to such unusuall length. When the heart is Engaged with a person thoroughly Esteemed, it hath always some thing new to Impart.

I eagerly wait for your Answer, as I hope it may decide something in my favour, and will perhaps procure me the honour and pleasure of waiting on you soon, according to my wishes.

I am with great Respect &c.

--_-- SQ um

THE SCHOOLMASTER AT CANAJOHARY TO S8 W™ JOHNSON. Canajohary March yé¢ 224 1764. Brother Waronghyage The most Part of the Indians here in our Castle have consented and agreed that I should instruct their children to read and write, Ido also consent to perform the same if they entirely

340 PAPERS RELATING TO

agree to it. I think it would be good also if you would advise them to act in Pursuance thereof. Some of them like me well enough, but will not approve of having their children chastised if they do Il. I would have you to write to me how I am to act in this Affair, that I might acquaint them what is your Pleasure in this Respect. I am very certain that some take great Delight in having their children instructed, and taught to read and write, and for such I shall use more than common zeal to perform the Trust in me reposed. I wish you could send me two of our printed Books, for I want them very much for two of my Scholars that are pretty fur advanced in their Learning. please to send them with my Father or Mother I am very scarce of Paper, I wish you could assist me in that, as also with some Quills to make Writing Pens

I am very certain that some take great Delight in having their children instructed, and taught to read and write, and for such I shall use more than common zeal to perform the Trust in me reposed. I wish you could send me two of our printed Books, for I want them very much for two of my Scholars that are pretty fur advanced in their Learning. please to send them with my Father or Mother I am very scarce of Paper, I wish you could assist me in that, as also with some Quills to make Writing Pens

Please to send with my Mother the ten Pounds whch J have with you yet, and I shall remain your Brother,

Puiuip JonatHan,

M® WEYMAN TO SIR W™ JOHNSON,

ABOUT THE INDIAN PRAYER BOOK.

New York, Sept 17, 1764. Sir,

Your favour of August 224 1764, I received and duly complied with your Orders touching y® advertisement, by inserting it in ye other News Papers of this City, besides my own.

Your Excellency's request with Regard to the Indian Prayer Book, I can only answer by saying That the long Indisposition and Death of Dr Barclay (which since yé writing of yours no doubt you heard of ) put a total Stop to its Progress, more than you have now inclosed, it not being in our Power to revise or correct it at any Rate ; so that 'twill require your appointment of some proper Person to overlook it as we proceed in y¢ Composition. Before the Doctor's Death he told me y¢ Copy he had was vastly eroneous, which took him up a good deal of time to correct, still doubtfull of his own Capacity, having not studied

Your Excellency's request with Regard to the Indian Prayer Book, I can only answer by saying That the long Indisposition and Death of Dr Barclay (which since yé writing of yours no doubt you heard of ) put a total Stop to its Progress, more than you have now inclosed, it not being in our Power to revise or correct it at any Rate ; so that 'twill require your appointment of some proper Person to overlook it as we proceed in y¢ Composition. Before the Doctor's Death he told me y¢ Copy he had was vastly eroneous, which took him up a good deal of time to correct, still doubtfull of his own Capacity, having not studied

THE SIX NATIONS. 341

y® Language much since his Call here ; and partly had forgot it, but was determined to do his best--adding withal, That there was some Gentleman (he mentioned his name to me but I forgot it) who had a more perfect Copy than his, and who understood y® Language at this time better than he did ;--I think he told me it was your Son, or one by ye Name of Claus, or Closser who then was absent at Quebeck, Montreal, or some other distant Part back of you, or y® Dt would have wrote to have got it ; and whether he ever signify'd it to youI cannot tell. Thus it rests. I have one half sheet of ye D's correcting in hand; ye Remainder of y® Copy is at his Widdow's, which I could obtain at your Request, and deliver it to any Person you chuse should have y¢ Correction of it and ye work shall proceed directly, and be finished. Iam, Your Excellency's Much obliged H>le Servant W* Weyman.

y® Language much since his Call here ; and partly had forgot it, but was determined to do his best--adding withal, That there was some Gentleman (he mentioned his name to me but I forgot it) who had a more perfect Copy than his, and who understood y® Language at this time better than he did ;--I think he told me it was your Son, or one by ye Name of Claus, or Closser who then was absent at Quebeck, Montreal, or some other distant Part back of you, or y® Dt would have wrote to have got it ; and whether he ever signify'd it to youI cannot tell. Thus it rests. I have one half sheet of ye D's correcting in hand; ye Remainder of y® Copy is at his Widdow's, which I could obtain at your Request, and deliver it to any Person you chuse should have y¢ Correction of it and ye work shall proceed directly, and be finished. Iam, Your Excellency's Much obliged H>le Servant W* Weyman.

REVD. DR. WHEELOCK To SIR WM. JOHNSON.

Lebanon 24th Octr. 1764. Sir The Commissioners of a Bord of Corrispondents, lately formd by a Comission of the Honble Society in Scotland for Propagating christian knowledge, some time ago sent M*. Occum,' to meet Your Honour, on Your Return from your late

1 Samson Occom, an Indian clergyman, was born at Mohegan, near Norwich, Conn., in the year 1723. He was the first Indian pupil educated at Lebanon, by the Rev. Mr. Wheelock, with whom he entered in 1742, at the age of 19, and remained with him 4 years. In 1748 he taught school in New London, and about the year 1755, went to the east end of Long Island, where he opened a school for the Shenecock Indians.

1 Samson Occom, an Indian clergyman, was born at Mohegan, near Norwich, Conn., in the year 1723. He was the first Indian pupil educated at Lebanon, by the Rev. Mr. Wheelock, with whom he entered in 1742, at the age of 19, and remained with him 4 years. In 1748 he taught school in New London, and about the year 1755, went to the east end of Long Island, where he opened a school for the Shenecock Indians. He was ordained by the Suffolk Presbytery in August, 1759. In Jan. 1761, he visited the Oneidas, and in 1766 was sent by Mr. Wheelock to England with Mr. Whittaker, the Minister of Norwich, in order to promote the interests of Moor's School, as Mr. Wheelock's institution at Lebanon was called. As Occum was the first Indian preacher that visited England, he attracted large audiences and preached between three and four hundred sermons,

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Tour to Lake Erie, in Hopes he might meet You before the Parties from remote Tribes, who had joyn'd you, should be dispersed ; in Order to make Proposals to them of Receiving Missionaries, and School Masters among their respective Tribes. But when M'. Occum came to N. York and heard that you was got Home, he was thereupon advised to return, and accordingly did so ; by which Means I was prevented such a supply of proper youth for this school as I hoped he, with your assistance, and Direction, might obtain from Tribes more remote than I have yet had. Which Disappointment is, in part, the occasion of the present trouble given your Honour.

But when M'. Occum came to N. York and heard that you was got Home, he was thereupon advised to return, and accordingly did so ; by which Means I was prevented such a supply of proper youth for this school as I hoped he, with your assistance, and Direction, might obtain from Tribes more remote than I have yet had. Which Disappointment is, in part, the occasion of the present trouble given your Honour.

The Bearers M*. Kirtland, and Joseph Woolley,* come to submitt themselves to your Hon's Direction and conduct with Desire to learn the Seneca and Mohock Languages, and while they are doing that to teach school among them also, if it may be, to procure a Number of likely and suitable, youth for this school. We have heard of a promising English Youth, whom you have sent to King Thomas at Onoquagee, and also of one, Peter, a judicious, and religious Indian there. and also of two likely Indian Boys whom M? Forbush pointed out to the Commis-

About £1,000 were collected for establishing Schools among the American Aborigines. This was placed in the hands of Trustees of whom the Earl of Dartmouth was the principal, and Dr. Wheelock's School was removed to Hanover, N.H. On Occum's return he labored among his countrymen, and removed eventually in 1786 to Brotherton, near Utica, N. Y., whither many Mohegans and Montauks accompanied him, and where he died in July 1792, aged 69. He was accompanied to the grave by upwards of 300 Indians. An account of the Indians of Montauk, by Occum, is published in the Mass: Hist: Coll. He pub: lished a sermon at the execution of Moses Paul at New Haven, Sept. 2, 1772, and much of his correspondence is among the papers of the Hist.

On Occum's return he labored among his countrymen, and removed eventually in 1786 to Brotherton, near Utica, N. Y., whither many Mohegans and Montauks accompanied him, and where he died in July 1792, aged 69. He was accompanied to the grave by upwards of 300 Indians. An account of the Indians of Montauk, by Occum, is published in the Mass: Hist: Coll. He pub: lished a sermon at the execution of Moses Paul at New Haven, Sept. 2, 1772, and much of his correspondence is among the papers of the Hist. Soc. of Hartford, Conn. A portrait of him was published in one of the early Vols. of the Evangelical Mag. McClure's Life of Wheelock--Life of Countess of Huntington.

1 Josepn Woorrey was a Delaware. He was sent by Dr. John Brainerd to Dr, Wheelock's school, where he arrived with Hezckiah Calvin, another Delaware, 9 April 1757. He spent the winter of 1764, at Onohoghquage for the purpose of learning the Iroquois language. He was licensed to teach in the spring of 1765, and set out shortly after with Rev. Mr. Smith, on his return to his previous post at the Susquehannah river, but he fell sick at Cherry Valley, and died in the course of the same year. He is represented as of an amiable disposition and polished manners.--Ep.

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Sioners in Boston, for an English Education. If Your Honr advises to any, or all of these, and they may be obtained, I will take them, or any others you shall think proper, to the number of 10. or 15. and if you think best to send several Females to be instructed in Housewifery &c I will receive them.

Smith, on his return to his previous post at the Susquehannah river, but he fell sick at Cherry Valley, and died in the course of the same year. He is represented as of an amiable disposition and polished manners.--Ep.

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Sioners in Boston, for an English Education. If Your Honr advises to any, or all of these, and they may be obtained, I will take them, or any others you shall think proper, to the number of 10. or 15. and if you think best to send several Females to be instructed in Housewifery &c I will receive them.

If there shall be occasion for Woolley to return to accompany the Children hither, please to Order him to do so, and if there be no Door open for their attaining the other End of their Journey, they will both Return.

IT rely upon the repeated assurances Your Hont has given me of your Friendship in this affair, and in Confidence thereof, recommend these young men to your Hon's Patronage, and submitt the whole to your Determination.

The Boys, I have from Your Parts behave very well, better than any I have had from any other Quarter; and it seems to me they are really a much better Breed. little Peter is a fine Genius indeed. But off their state, and the state of my school Mr'. Kirtland can inform you.

I look upon myself in particular, as well as, upon my country in general, to be much indebted to Your Honour for Your indefatigable and (hitherto) successful Labors, to establish a Peace with the Natives, upon a sollid and lasting Foundation. May God requite Your Labour and Fatigue with that peace which is the peculiar privilege of his chosen. I am with most sincere duty and Esteem, may it please Your Honor.

Kirtland can inform you.

I look upon myself in particular, as well as, upon my country in general, to be much indebted to Your Honour for Your indefatigable and (hitherto) successful Labors, to establish a Peace with the Natives, upon a sollid and lasting Foundation. May God requite Your Labour and Fatigue with that peace which is the peculiar privilege of his chosen. I am with most sincere duty and Esteem, may it please Your Honor.

Your Honour's Most obedient and Most Humble Servant Evesazar WHEELOCK.

M® WEYMAN TO SIR W™ JOHNSON.

New York, Nov 27, 1764. Sir As I have had no Directions from your Excellency how to act in Regard to y® Indian Prayer Book, since I wrote and sent you ye Copy Part of what I had printed ; and being lately informed

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that ye Gentleman I mentioned to you by ye Name of Capt Clause, was your Son, and that you could not spare him to come down to revise and correct y® Impression here ; I therefore * made bold to apply to Mrs Barclay, for all y® Copy relating to it, that she could find in ye Doctor's Library. She was kind to forward it down to me this Day ; and I now inelose it, imagining, (unless yonr Excellency has some Gentleman here to undertake its Inspection) that its being transcribed in a very fair legible Hand under your own hye, and by ye Assistance of your Son's Copy, the Book can still be finished ; as, by being transmitted to me, in a fair Manuscript, or other plain Alterations to be made in ye printed Copy ; I will undertake to finish it to satisfaction in y¢ form already began, and keep Letter for Letter with ye M.S. yousend me.

She was kind to forward it down to me this Day ; and I now inelose it, imagining, (unless yonr Excellency has some Gentleman here to undertake its Inspection) that its being transcribed in a very fair legible Hand under your own hye, and by ye Assistance of your Son's Copy, the Book can still be finished ; as, by being transmitted to me, in a fair Manuscript, or other plain Alterations to be made in ye printed Copy ; I will undertake to finish it to satisfaction in y¢ form already began, and keep Letter for Letter with ye M.S. yousend me. I inclose another set of what I have printed, lest ye one I sent before may have miscarried. I am, Your Excellency's very obliged Humble Servant, W™ Weyman.

CIRCULAR OF THE SOCIETY FOR THE PROMOTION OF ARTS,

New-York, 10t Deer, 1764,

A very laudable Spirit for promoting the Welfare of this Colony, begins to prevail here--A Society is already formed, consisting of Persons of all Ranks, who propose to advance husbandry, promote Manufactures, and suppress Luxury--Several Hundred Pounds are already subscribed, and paid into the Hands of Mr. John Vanderspiegel, the Treasurer--Other necessary Officers are appointed, and several Committees formed for the good Ends more fully explained in the Public Papers now inclosed.

The Society have thought fit to Name us to bea Committee for Correspondence, with all those Gentlemen at a distance who may be willing to lend their Aid for the general Weal of the Colony.

A very laudable Spirit for promoting the Welfare of this Colony, begins to prevail here--A Society is already formed, consisting of Persons of all Ranks, who propose to advance husbandry, promote Manufactures, and suppress Luxury--Several Hundred Pounds are already subscribed, and paid into the Hands of Mr. John Vanderspiegel, the Treasurer--Other necessary Officers are appointed, and several Committees formed for the good Ends more fully explained in the Public Papers now inclosed.

The Society have thought fit to Name us to bea Committee for Correspondence, with all those Gentlemen at a distance who may be willing to lend their Aid for the general Weal of the Colony.

THE SIX NATIONS. 345

In Discharge of this Trust, we beg Leave to invite you to subscribe, and to take as many Subscriptions as you can obtain, receive the Money, and transmit it to the Treasurer; to be disposed of in Premiums as the Society shall hereafter direct ; of which Premiums many will fall to the Share of the Farmer. The Form of a Head for the Subscription-Roll, is added at the Foot of this Letter. And we think it necessary further to mention, that no Subscription under Twenty Shilling will be received ; and that a Subscription of Five Pound entitles the Subscriber to vote in the Disposal of the Funds.

As diffusing a Zeal for this Undertaking throughout the Province, will probably be attended with the most beneficial Effects, permit us to urge you to Form a Society in your Neighbourhood, to meet as often as they conveniently can, to correspond with us, and to furnish us with useful Hints relative to what may be proper to fall under the Society's Notice ; and particularly what Branches of Husbandry ought to be encouraged ; and for what Manufactures Premiums ought to be given; and, in general, to suggest all Manner of proposals that may be for the Public Benefit in Arts, Manufactures, Agriculture and Giconomy.

As diffusing a Zeal for this Undertaking throughout the Province, will probably be attended with the most beneficial Effects, permit us to urge you to Form a Society in your Neighbourhood, to meet as often as they conveniently can, to correspond with us, and to furnish us with useful Hints relative to what may be proper to fall under the Society's Notice ; and particularly what Branches of Husbandry ought to be encouraged ; and for what Manufactures Premiums ought to be given; and, in general, to suggest all Manner of proposals that may be for the Public Benefit in Arts, Manufactures, Agriculture and Giconomy.

You may be assured that a proper Respect will be shewn to your Schemes, Hints, and Proposals; and that they will be regularly communicated to the Society, at their monthly Conventions.

We are, Your very Humble Servants, Cus W. Apruorp. W* Smiru JR Wat? RuTHERFURD. Jx° Morin Scorr. Ja® Duane. To the Hon>le S* William Johnson Bartt at Johnson Hall.

346 PAPERS RELATING TO

SIR W. JOHNSON TO THE COMMITTEE OF CORRESPONDENCE OF THE SOCIETY FOR PROMOTING ARTS &e.

Johnson Hall Jany 4th 1765. Gentlemen,

I did not receive your favour of the 10' ulto till a few days ago, neither had I a moments leisure to answer it till now. You may be assured that I shall think myself happy In any opportunity of promoting the Welfare of this Province, & of encouraging as far as in me lyes a laudable Spirit for that purpose, which can not be better effected than by the Suppression of Luxury & the promoting Husbandry and Manufactures, the former has not as yet crept in to the parts where my Interest & acquaintance chiefly lyes, to any Degree requiring a restriction, & shod rather think that a little turn for possessing more of the conveniencies of Life wo rather stir up a Spirit of Industry am'st the people here, who tho' they have Lands well Qualified for it, nevertheless neglect Husbandry as they have little relish beyond the mere necessarys of Life, & are too Indolent in Gen! to Labour for more than a bare subsistence.

You may be assured that I shall think myself happy In any opportunity of promoting the Welfare of this Province, & of encouraging as far as in me lyes a laudable Spirit for that purpose, which can not be better effected than by the Suppression of Luxury & the promoting Husbandry and Manufactures, the former has not as yet crept in to the parts where my Interest & acquaintance chiefly lyes, to any Degree requiring a restriction, & shod rather think that a little turn for possessing more of the conveniencies of Life wo rather stir up a Spirit of Industry am'st the people here, who tho' they have Lands well Qualified for it, nevertheless neglect Husbandry as they have little relish beyond the mere necessarys of Life, & are too Indolent in Gen! to Labour for more than a bare subsistence. I am far from thinking the suppression of Luxury, an unnecessary article, on the Contrary I most earnestly wish that the people of America may be prevailed upon to live with» the bounds prescribed by their Rank & fortune, and so far as that it would give me great' pleasure to support the undertaking as well as to encourage Husbandry in all its branches. And altho' I am persuaded you will not encourage any schemes which may be disagreable to the Mother Country Yet you must allow that in a Society composed of persons of all Ranks some things may at least be proposed by some of the Members which cannot be pleasing to Gt Britain, and in which I couldn't with the least propriety engage, as a Servant to the Crown.

I am far from thinking the suppression of Luxury, an unnecessary article, on the Contrary I most earnestly wish that the people of America may be prevailed upon to live with» the bounds prescribed by their Rank & fortune, and so far as that it would give me great' pleasure to support the undertaking as well as to encourage Husbandry in all its branches. And altho' I am persuaded you will not encourage any schemes which may be disagreable to the Mother Country Yet you must allow that in a Society composed of persons of all Ranks some things may at least be proposed by some of the Members which cannot be pleasing to Gt Britain, and in which I couldn't with the least propriety engage, as a Servant to the Crown.

The Nature of my Department likewise affordsme little time to advert to matters of this nature which I presume you will readily allow when I assure you that so far from having leisure to attend to any domestic concerns, I cannot command the ordinary hours, of refreshment amply enjoyed by every Labourer in the province, & tho' I might give myself more Ease I could not do so consist-

THE SIX NATIONS. 347

ent with myself and with my desire to promote the public Tranquility .

I must request your Acceptance of £10 Curr which I shall Direct M* Darlington of N York to pay into the Treasurers hands, and if circumstanced as J am, I can be of any farther service to your undertaking, I shall most Chearfully comply, to convince you how much I am a Wellwisher to this province

The Nature of my Department likewise affordsme little time to advert to matters of this nature which I presume you will readily allow when I assure you that so far from having leisure to attend to any domestic concerns, I cannot command the ordinary hours, of refreshment amply enjoyed by every Labourer in the province, & tho' I might give myself more Ease I could not do so consist-

THE SIX NATIONS. 347

ent with myself and with my desire to promote the public Tranquility .

I must request your Acceptance of £10 Curr which I shall Direct M* Darlington of N York to pay into the Treasurers hands, and if circumstanced as J am, I can be of any farther service to your undertaking, I shall most Chearfully comply, to convince you how much I am a Wellwisher to this province

and your very humble Servt.

REV. MR BROWN TO SIR WM JOHNSON. Sr

Ihave received yt kind Favor by Paulus, & have, (I hope) given him Satisfaction. I have paid him in cash

Bills of Ten pounds 2 De of Two De 2 Dto of Jersey £3.5 0 1 In gold 3.3 0

Total 30 8 0

--

I have likewise Paid to Mt Ab™ Lyle for goods Twenty Pounds eighteen shilling's, so that I have paid him three shillings too much.

I shall do the Duty at Albany on Sunday next ; but propose being at the Mohock Castle the Sunday following. shall therefore be obliged to you to acquaint the Indians of it. As for News we expect all from you; we are quit dull & stupid inthis Place. I see you laugh & say to y"self when was you otherwise. However the Weather being Dull & Heavy I think it add's to my dullness likewise, so shall conclude by subscribing myself

I shall do the Duty at Albany on Sunday next ; but propose being at the Mohock Castle the Sunday following. shall therefore be obliged to you to acquaint the Indians of it. As for News we expect all from you; we are quit dull & stupid inthis Place. I see you laugh & say to y"self when was you otherwise. However the Weather being Dull & Heavy I think it add's to my dullness likewise, so shall conclude by subscribing myself

y® oblidged Hum Servt T : Brown.

Albany Jan 8th 1765

348 PAPERS RELATING TO

SIR WM. JOHNSON TO THE SOCIETY FOR THE PROMOTION OF THE ARTS.

Johnson hall Feby 27» 1765. Gentlemen .

I have received your favor of the 5th Inst and I am very glad to hear that the Society do not avow any articles affecting England, as such would have evidently apeared in the Mother Country to be the result of rancour and passion, which might be productive of Disagreeable effects to the province in General, & Iam Persuaded that a due attention to those Improvements, which can in no wise be construed to affect his Majestys dominions at home will answer many Salutary purposes.

The state of Agriculture in this country is very low, and in short likely to remain so to the great Detriment of the Province, which might otherwise draw many resources from so extensive and valuable a Country, but the turn of the old settlers here is not much calculated for improvement, content with the meer Necessaries of Life, they don't chuse to purchase its superfluities at the expence of Labour neither will they hazard the smallest matter for the most reasonable prospect of gain, and this principle will probably subsist as long as that of their equality, which is at present at such a pitch that the conduct of one neighbor can but little influence that of another.

The state of Agriculture in this country is very low, and in short likely to remain so to the great Detriment of the Province, which might otherwise draw many resources from so extensive and valuable a Country, but the turn of the old settlers here is not much calculated for improvement, content with the meer Necessaries of Life, they don't chuse to purchase its superfluities at the expence of Labour neither will they hazard the smallest matter for the most reasonable prospect of gain, and this principle will probably subsist as long as that of their equality, which is at present at such a pitch that the conduct of one neighbor can but little influence that of another.

Wheat which in my Opinion must shortly prove a drug, is in fact what they chiefly concern themselves about and they are not easily to be convinced that the Culture of other articles will tend more to their advantage. If afew of the Machines made use of for the breaking of hemp was distributed amongst those who have Land proper for the purpose it might give rise to the culture of it--or if one only properly constructed was sent as a model, it might Stir up a spirit of Industry amongst them, but Seed is greatly wanted, & Cannot be procured in these parts, and the Germains (who are the most Industrious people here) are in general in too low circumstances to concern themselycs in anything attended with the smallest Expence, their Planta-

If afew of the Machines made use of for the breaking of hemp was distributed amongst those who have Land proper for the purpose it might give rise to the culture of it--or if one only properly constructed was sent as a model, it might Stir up a spirit of Industry amongst them, but Seed is greatly wanted, & Cannot be procured in these parts, and the Germains (who are the most Industrious people here) are in general in too low circumstances to concern themselycs in anything attended with the smallest Expence, their Planta-

THE SIX NATIONS. 349

tions being as yet in their infancy, & with regard to the old Settlers amongst the Germans who live farther to the Westward, they have greatly adopted the sentiments of the rest of the inhabitants. The Country Likewise labours under the disadvantage of narrow, and (in many places) bad roads, which would be still worse did I not take care that the inhabitants, laboured to repair them according to law. the ill Condition of Publick roads is a Great obstruction to husbandry, the high Wages of labouring men, and the great number of tepling houses are likewise articles which very much want regulation. These disagreeable circumstances must for sometime retard the Progress of husbandry ; I could heartily wish I had more leisure to attend to these necessary articles of Improvements to promote which my Influence and Example should not be wanting. I have formerly had pease very well split at my mills, and I shall set the same forward amongs't the people as far as I can, I have Likewise sent for Collections of many Seeds, and usefull grasses which I shall Encourage them to raise, and from the great wants of stock, even for home use, & Consumption, I am doing all I can to turn the intention of the inhabitants to raising these necessary articles, for the purchase of which, a good deal of cash has hither to been annually carried into the N.

I have formerly had pease very well split at my mills, and I shall set the same forward amongs't the people as far as I can, I have Likewise sent for Collections of many Seeds, and usefull grasses which I shall Encourage them to raise, and from the great wants of stock, even for home use, & Consumption, I am doing all I can to turn the intention of the inhabitants to raising these necessary articles, for the purchase of which, a good deal of cash has hither to been annually carried into the N. England Collonies.

Before I set the Examples, no farmer on the Mohock River ever raised so much asa single Load of Hay, at present some raise above one Hundred, the like was the case in regard to sheep, to which they were intire strangers until I introduced them, & I have the Satisfaction to see them at present possess many other articles, the result of my former Labors for promoting their welfare and interests. my own Tennants amounting to about 100 Familys are» not as yet in circumstances to do much, they were settled at great Expence and hazard dureing the heat of the War, and it was principally (I may venture to affirm, solely) oweing to their residence & mine, that the rest of the inhabitants did not all abandon their settlements at that Distressfull Period ; But tho? my Tennants are considerably in my Debt, I shall yet give them all the assistance I can for encouraging any usefull Branches of Husbandry, which I shall contribute to promote thro'out the rest of the country to the

Before I set the Examples, no farmer on the Mohock River ever raised so much asa single Load of Hay, at present some raise above one Hundred, the like was the case in regard to sheep, to which they were intire strangers until I introduced them, & I have the Satisfaction to see them at present possess many other articles, the result of my former Labors for promoting their welfare and interests. my own Tennants amounting to about 100 Familys are» not as yet in circumstances to do much, they were settled at great Expence and hazard dureing the heat of the War, and it was principally (I may venture to affirm, solely) oweing to their residence & mine, that the rest of the inhabitants did not all abandon their settlements at that Distressfull Period ; But tho? my Tennants are considerably in my Debt, I shall yet give them all the assistance I can for encouraging any usefull Branches of Husbandry, which I shall contribute to promote thro'out the rest of the country to the

350 PAPERS RELATING TO

utmost of my power, and Communicate to you any material article which may occur upon that Subject. I am Gentlemen, your very humble servant Mess's, Smith & Rutherfoord j

REV. MR WHEELOCK TO SIR WM JOHNSON.

Lebanon March 284 1765 Sir

Your Excellency's Favour of February 19th by David and Peter came safe to Hand. I thank your Excellency most heartily for all your Condescension, and repeated Favours shown me ; and particularly, for your love for, and kindness to, my dear Mr Kirtland. I have been concerned, lest, through the Zeal and Vigour of his youth, the natural Sprightliness of his Genius, and Unacquaintedness with the Business he was sent upon, he would be surprized into some indecent and imprudent Sallies.

Your Excellency's Favour of February 19th by David and Peter came safe to Hand. I thank your Excellency most heartily for all your Condescension, and repeated Favours shown me ; and particularly, for your love for, and kindness to, my dear Mr Kirtland. I have been concerned, lest, through the Zeal and Vigour of his youth, the natural Sprightliness of his Genius, and Unacquaintedness with the Business he was sent upon, he would be surprized into some indecent and imprudent Sallies. But my principal confidence, under God, has been in that paternal care for such, which I take to bea Native in your Excellency's Breast. I pray your Excellency to continue your paternal Kindness towards him. and whatever Supplies he shall stand in Need of please to provide him with the same, and charge them to my Account. I have inclosed to him an Address to the Chiefs of the Nations, to be convened by your orders this Month, and have desired him to submit the same to your Excellency's censures, which I hope you will not at all spare, out of Favour to me.

I am well pleased with Peter and David. They both seem honestly desirous to be instructed.*

We expect to have Opportunity to recommend to your Excellency's favourable Notice, two likely young Gentlemen, in the capacity of Missionaries, this spring ; and three young Indians of this School, in the capacity of school masters. I purpose also, that all your five first Boys shall come home this Spring, or by some Time in June, to visit their Friends, and return to me in the Fall. It is proposed that they shall keep Schools under the conduct of the Missionaries.

We expect to have Opportunity to recommend to your Excellency's favourable Notice, two likely young Gentlemen, in the capacity of Missionaries, this spring ; and three young Indians of this School, in the capacity of school masters. I purpose also, that all your five first Boys shall come home this Spring, or by some Time in June, to visit their Friends, and return to me in the Fall. It is proposed that they shall keep Schools under the conduct of the Missionaries.

THE SIX NATIONS. 351

William will likely make a fine Boy. He behaves very well. A specimen of his Writing I inclose. .

I have this Week received a Letter from the Countess of Huntingdon,' wherein she expresses great Friendship towards this School, &. And as your Excellency's Influence is great at Home, and, in these affairs, greater than any other Man's, May not I use the Freedom to ask for the Benefit of it toward the Support and Progress.of this School? I think it will be a great Pity if Party Names, and circumstantial Differences, in Matters of Religion, should by any Means obstruct the Progress of this so great and important Design of Gospelizing the Heathen.

Please to let the Parents of these Boys, know, that they are all well ; and also inform them of their proposed Visit to them.

I hope your Excellency will be able to obtain the Grand son of the Onondaga Sachem, which you mentioned to me, and send him with M* Kirtland, whom I have advised to visit us this Spring.

I think it will be a great Pity if Party Names, and circumstantial Differences, in Matters of Religion, should by any Means obstruct the Progress of this so great and important Design of Gospelizing the Heathen.

Please to let the Parents of these Boys, know, that they are all well ; and also inform them of their proposed Visit to them.

I hope your Excellency will be able to obtain the Grand son of the Onondaga Sachem, which you mentioned to me, and send him with M* Kirtland, whom I have advised to visit us this Spring.

And that God may long preserve your valuable and important Life, and continue and increase your Usefulness in the World, is the earnest Prayerof,

May it please your Excellency, your much obliged, and most obedient, humble Servant. ELeazar WHEELOCK. His Excellency, Sir William Johnson.

1 Senin, countess of Huntingdon the '' Countess Matilda" of Wesleyism, the Second daughter of Washington earl of Ferrars, was born 24 Aug. 1707, & married Theophilus 9th Earl of Huntingdon. After a severe illness she abandoned her former habits of gayety and dissipation, and became all at once grave, reserved and melancholy. Her thoughts were wholly absorbed by religion and she employed her ample resources in disseminating her principles by the agency of Whitefield, Romaiie and other Methodist Clergyman. She not only threw open her private residence to, but built chapels in various parts of England for the accommodation of their followers, and erected a college in Wales for the education of persons intended for the Ministry. She was the patroness of Occum whilst he remained in England, and not only hospitably entertained him in her house but introduced him to the notice of several of the Nobility. She was, also, a generous contributor to Dr Wheelock's Indian School.

She not only threw open her private residence to, but built chapels in various parts of England for the accommodation of their followers, and erected a college in Wales for the education of persons intended for the Ministry. She was the patroness of Occum whilst he remained in England, and not only hospitably entertained him in her house but introduced him to the notice of several of the Nobility. She was, also, a generous contributor to Dr Wheelock's Indian School. She died full of years and piety at her house in Spafields, London, on the 17th June 1791. There isa portrait of her prefixed to Life and Times of Selina Countess of Huntingdon," London. 1844 2 vy. 8vo inthe State Lib.

352 PAPERS RELATING TO

REV. MR. WHEELOCK'S ADDRESS

To the Sachems and Chiefs of the Mohawk, Oneida, Tuscarora, and other Nations and tribes of Indians.

My Brethren and Friends

I have had you upon my heart ever since I was a boy. I have pitied you on account of your wordly poverty, but much more on account of the perishing case your precious souls are in, without the knowledge of the only true God and Saviour of Sinners. I have prayed for you daily for more than thirty years, that a way night be opened to send the gospel among you, and you be made willing to receive it. And I hope God is now answering the prayers that have long been made for you, and that the time of his Mercy to your perishing nation is near at hand.

I have pitied you on account of your wordly poverty, but much more on account of the perishing case your precious souls are in, without the knowledge of the only true God and Saviour of Sinners. I have prayed for you daily for more than thirty years, that a way night be opened to send the gospel among you, and you be made willing to receive it. And I hope God is now answering the prayers that have long been made for you, and that the time of his Mercy to your perishing nation is near at hand.

Some years ago I educated Mt Occum (who has been a little while with some of you) with hopes that God would make him an instument of great good to my poor brethren the Indians. He labored a number of years with the Indians at Montauk ; and was a mean of much good to that tribe, and also an instrument of good to some in New England, and I hope did a little good to you in theshort time he was with you.

After I had educated Mt Occum, and saw no other way to help the perishing Indians, there being no door open to send missionaries among them, I determined on setting up an Indian School to teach their Children, that when they had got their learning, they might return home, and in their own language teach their brothers, sisters and friends the way of Salvation by Jesus Christ.

And accordingly I began this School more then ten years ago. I first took two boys of the Delewares, but one of them died when he was almost fit for College, the other went to College and when he was almost through, was overcome by strong drink, and by this he grieved my very heart.

After I had educated Mt Occum, and saw no other way to help the perishing Indians, there being no door open to send missionaries among them, I determined on setting up an Indian School to teach their Children, that when they had got their learning, they might return home, and in their own language teach their brothers, sisters and friends the way of Salvation by Jesus Christ.

And accordingly I began this School more then ten years ago. I first took two boys of the Delewares, but one of them died when he was almost fit for College, the other went to College and when he was almost through, was overcome by strong drink, and by this he grieved my very heart. I hope he would have been good, and [ hope yet that God will have mercy on him and make him good before he dies.

I am now sending you eight of your sons, whom IJ have learned to read and write well. The ministers who have joined with

\

THE SIX NATIONS. 353

me to help forward the great design of Christianizing the Indians, have examined them, and recommend two of them with Joseph Woolly, to be school masters, where they can find the Indians willing to have their children taught: the other six, though they can read and write well enough to teach a school, yet we think they are too young to be masters. We are afraid your children will not mind them ; and therefore have ordered them to teach your children, under the direction of the missionaries, till next fall ; and then they are to return to this school to get more learning; and I hope some of them will be fit in time to preach Christ to you, if God shall please to give them good hearts.

me to help forward the great design of Christianizing the Indians, have examined them, and recommend two of them with Joseph Woolly, to be school masters, where they can find the Indians willing to have their children taught: the other six, though they can read and write well enough to teach a school, yet we think they are too young to be masters. We are afraid your children will not mind them ; and therefore have ordered them to teach your children, under the direction of the missionaries, till next fall ; and then they are to return to this school to get more learning; and I hope some of them will be fit in time to preach Christ to you, if God shall please to give them good hearts.

Now I assure you, my brethren, in what I have done, and am doing, { have no interest of my own in view ; but I have compassion upon your precious souls, for whom Christ died, and which must be lost and miserable for ever unless you be made to know him, and the way of life by him, and so to partake of the great salvation, which he has purchased for us.

Two ministers are coming to you from my schoo , who are sent to you by the commissioners, and they are men of learning, have had a liberal education, and are able to teach you the way of salvation by Christ. And they love you much; they do not come to get money, nor to get away your lands, nor to cheat or wrong you in any thing, but only todo you good. And you may depend upon it, I will never willingly send one to preach the gospel to you, who has any higher view than to save your souls.

Two ministers are coming to you from my schoo , who are sent to you by the commissioners, and they are men of learning, have had a liberal education, and are able to teach you the way of salvation by Christ. And they love you much; they do not come to get money, nor to get away your lands, nor to cheat or wrong you in any thing, but only todo you good. And you may depend upon it, I will never willingly send one to preach the gospel to you, who has any higher view than to save your souls. That is the errand these men come upon, and as such you must receive them, and treat them kindly.

David Fowler,' who has been educated at my school, and is

1 Davip Fowiur was a Montauk Indian, entered the Indian School at Lebanon, about 1759. He early shewed an aptitude for agriculture, and it was Dr. Wheelock's opinion that he would make a good farmer if he should ever have the advantage of experience. In June, 1761, he accompanied Sampson Occom to the Oneidas and returned in August with three Indian youths. He was approved as an Indian teacher in March, 1765, and set out accordingly for the Oneida Nation on*the 29th of April. He shortly after wrote Dr. Wheelock the following letter from his new residence :--

'«Kanayarohare, in Oneida, June 15, 1765. '« Honored and Rey. Sir

"This is the twelfth day since I began my school ; and eight of my scholars

In June, 1761, he accompanied Sampson Occom to the Oneidas and returned in August with three Indian youths. He was approved as an Indian teacher in March, 1765, and set out accordingly for the Oneida Nation on*the 29th of April. He shortly after wrote Dr. Wheelock the following letter from his new residence :--

'«Kanayarohare, in Oneida, June 15, 1765. '« Honored and Rey. Sir

"This is the twelfth day since I began my school ; and eight of my scholars

are now in the third page of their spelling book. I never saw children exceed

VoL. Iv. 23

354 PAPERS RELATING TC

one of the school masters before mentioned, I now send to keep school among you, to teach your children, if you will receive him.

He is a rational, sprightly, active young man ; and I believe you will find him to be very honest and faithful. He comes only to do you good. His friends at Montauk have sent to me, éarnestly desiring that he might come there and teach their children; but I have often heard that you desired greatly to be, taught, and I hope he will do more good among you, and therefore I send him to you. I hope you will be kind to him as one of your-own people, and help him to live among you. I hope you will help him to get a house, and let him have some of your land to plant and sow; and he will, besides teaching your children, help and instruct you in managing husbandry ; which you must learn if you expect God will increase your number, and build you up, and make you his people.

I hope you will be kind to him as one of your-own people, and help him to live among you. I hope you will help him to get a house, and let him have some of your land to plant and sow; and he will, besides teaching your children, help and instruct you in managing husbandry ; which you must learn if you expect God will increase your number, and build you up, and make you his people.

I hear that some of the Indians think it to be a mean thing, and below men to work in the field, that it belongs only to women. This thought is not right nor pleasing to God.

The first work he sat man about, and that before he ever had sinned, when he was more honorable than any mere man has ever been since, was to till the ground to get his living by it.

these in learning. The number of my scholars is twenty six, but it is difficult to keep them together ; they are often roving about from place to place to get something to live upon. I am also teaching a singing school. They take great pleasure in learning to sing. We can already carry three parts of several tunes. I am well contented to live here, so long as Iam in such great business. I believe I shall persuade the men in this castle, at least the most of them, to labour next year. They begin now to see, that they could live better if they cultivated their lands, than they do now by hunting and fishing.

They take great pleasure in learning to sing. We can already carry three parts of several tunes. I am well contented to live here, so long as Iam in such great business. I believe I shall persuade the men in this castle, at least the most of them, to labour next year. They begin now to see, that they could live better if they cultivated their lands, than they do now by hunting and fishing.

''T ask the continuance of your prayers, that God would give me grace, and fill my heart with love of God and compassion to perishing souls ; and that God would make me an instrument of winning many souls to Christ, before I leave this world.

'Please to accept much love and respect, from your affectionate and unworthy pupil, "¢Davip Fow ier."

The famine which visited western N. York this year obliged the Oncidas to remove in search of food to another quarter, and David Fowler returned to N. England for further aid. We have no means of following up the remainder of his career, but he is stated t ?ave been alive in 1811 at Oneida, an industrious farmer and useful man.--Ep.

THE SIX NATIONS. 355

And after man had sinned, God told him he should get his living by the sweat of his face, and he has commanded us in the fourth commandment to work six days in the week. And often in his word testified his displeasure against those who will not work for a living. This earth is all God's land, and he will have it all cultivated. So long as there are not people enough to inhabit the earth, God lets the wild beasts have it for their dwelling place ; and a few lazy savage people he suffers to live a hungry miserable life by hunting.

And after man had sinned, God told him he should get his living by the sweat of his face, and he has commanded us in the fourth commandment to work six days in the week. And often in his word testified his displeasure against those who will not work for a living. This earth is all God's land, and he will have it all cultivated. So long as there are not people enough to inhabit the earth, God lets the wild beasts have it for their dwelling place ; and a few lazy savage people he suffers to live a hungry miserable life by hunting. But when the children of men grow numerous, and want the earth to cultivate for a living, the wild beasts must give place to them, and men must improve the land for God ; if they do not they are bad tenants and must be turned off as such. If you will not cultivate God's land, you cannot expect that God will greatly multiply you. I speak this only for your good: I propose no advantage to myself nor to any other, but you and your posterity by it.

When you improve your land, and provide a living for yourselves and families in that way, you will live much easier and ~ better than you now do or can do by hunting. And when your game is gone, you will not have occasion to remove to another place, or to go a great way to catch wild creatures to live upon as Indians have been forced to do; but you will live as well without them as with them, by the produce of your own farms. And then you will be under circumstances to have ministers and schoo] masters settled among you ; and will be able to support them according to the laws of Christ, to. teach you and your children the great things that concern your peace with God, and the eternal salvation of your precious souls ; and so you may soon become a learned and knowing people.

And when your game is gone, you will not have occasion to remove to another place, or to go a great way to catch wild creatures to live upon as Indians have been forced to do; but you will live as well without them as with them, by the produce of your own farms. And then you will be under circumstances to have ministers and schoo] masters settled among you ; and will be able to support them according to the laws of Christ, to. teach you and your children the great things that concern your peace with God, and the eternal salvation of your precious souls ; and so you may soon become a learned and knowing people. And then you will be in no danger of being imposed upon and cheated, as you have been by bad men, who care not what becomes of Indians, if they can only get your lands, and cheat and wrong you in other things. I pity you greatly on these accounts ; and I wish you would mind what I say to you. I greatly desire you may become a great, and good, and very happy people.

David Fowler can tell] you how God has dealt with Indians in New England, and how they now begin to see their-error, and amend their doings.

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I thank you for the kindness, which some of you have shewn to my dear M' Kirkland, whom I sent into your country last fall. His heart is bent todo good to the Indians. He denies himself all the pleasure and honors which he might have here among his friends, only to do you good. JI hope you will continue your kindness to him, and treat him as my child. I hope God will make him an instrument of great good to the Indians.

I thank you for the kindness, which some of you have shewn to my dear M' Kirkland, whom I sent into your country last fall. His heart is bent todo good to the Indians. He denies himself all the pleasure and honors which he might have here among his friends, only to do you good. JI hope you will continue your kindness to him, and treat him as my child. I hope God will make him an instrument of great good to the Indians.

I wish you all the happiness in this world and the world to come. I design by God's help to do all the good I can to the poor miserable Indians as long as I live; and when you can pray to God for yourselves, then pray also for me. I hope I shall-live in heaven with many of you, and that we shall rejoice together in beholding our glorified Redeemer forevermore. Amen.

ELeAazaArR WHEELOCK. Lebanon, April 29, 1765.

REVD M® WHEELOCK TO SIR W™ JOHNSON.

Lebanon, 29th April, 1765. Sir, May it please your Excellency,

The Bearer, David Fowler, has been for some Time in this School ; and is a youth of good Abilities, whose activity & Prudence, Fortitude & Honesty have much recommended him to _ me. He comes with Design if he meets with proper encouragment to settle down among the Oneyada's (unless some other place more inviting presents) in the capacity of a School Master; and also {so far as that Business will allow) has a Design to set them an Example of Agriculture for his Support : and do what he can to recommend that manner of living to the Indians.

The Bearer, David Fowler, has been for some Time in this School ; and is a youth of good Abilities, whose activity & Prudence, Fortitude & Honesty have much recommended him to _ me. He comes with Design if he meets with proper encouragment to settle down among the Oneyada's (unless some other place more inviting presents) in the capacity of a School Master; and also {so far as that Business will allow) has a Design to set them an Example of Agriculture for his Support : and do what he can to recommend that manner of living to the Indians.

And if he ean be accomodated to his mind he has Thoughts as soon as he has prepared a Habitation &¢ to return and marry a very,amiable Girl, whom I have been educating for the Purpose, and who will bea good Assistant in prosecuting the Design.

And as the Life and Success of the whole, under God, very much depends upon your Excellency's countenance ; I have

THE SIX NATIONS. 357

advised him to submitt the whole to your Direction and conduct, not doubting but, so far as the crowd of your Affairs will allow, you will favour him with such Instructions, and Recommendation, as you shall think needful, or useful for him.

If M' Kirtland's Conduct, in Indian Affairs, has been agreable to you, and the Prospect of his usefulness be such as is worthy Encouragment, a Recommendation from vour Excellency would be of great service therein.

I conclude you have seen in the public Prints, the Resolves of this Board of Corrispondents on the 12' ult, to send severel Missionaries, and School Masters into your country. But having no Fund, we have been seeking a meet Person to accompany Mr Occom, or some other Indian from this sclfool, to Europe to ask the Charity and Assistance of good people towards the support of the Plan we have laid.

If M' Kirtland's Conduct, in Indian Affairs, has been agreable to you, and the Prospect of his usefulness be such as is worthy Encouragment, a Recommendation from vour Excellency would be of great service therein.

I conclude you have seen in the public Prints, the Resolves of this Board of Corrispondents on the 12' ult, to send severel Missionaries, and School Masters into your country. But having no Fund, we have been seeking a meet Person to accompany Mr Occom, or some other Indian from this sclfool, to Europe to ask the Charity and Assistance of good people towards the support of the Plan we have laid.

The Board of Corrispondents in N. Jersey, have been applied to for Mt Brainerd,! but for several Reasons he cant be obtained. I have now wrote Mr Charles J. Smith to undertake in that affair, but who will be the man is not yet determined. Mr John Smith Mercht in Boston is going to England in May or June, who will be employed in the affair so far.as may be consistant with his Business and Character, if no Clergyman can be obtained for that purpose. And a Recommendation of the Affair to Gentlemen at Home, by your Excellency, may be of very great service to the Furtherance of it, and likely of much greater service to it thanany other man's, as your Connections are, and your Character now rising in the Kingdom.

If Your Excellency will condesend to favour us and The Design in these Respects we shall esteem it to bea singular Favour.

Mr John Smith Mercht in Boston is going to England in May or June, who will be employed in the affair so far.as may be consistant with his Business and Character, if no Clergyman can be obtained for that purpose. And a Recommendation of the Affair to Gentlemen at Home, by your Excellency, may be of very great service to the Furtherance of it, and likely of much greater service to it thanany other man's, as your Connections are, and your Character now rising in the Kingdom.

If Your Excellency will condesend to favour us and The Design in these Respects we shall esteem it to bea singular Favour.

I have ordered David to make ready 8 or 10 likely Boys, such as you shall approve for this School, by that Time the rest of my Boys arive to you, by whom I shall send a Lad to accom pany hither those he thus prepares for me, unless Joseph Woolley's coming with them sho4 prevent me.

1 Rey. Joun Brainerp was brother tothe celebrated David B. and like him an Indian Missionary. He graduated in Yalein1746. His labours were chiefly among the Indians of New Jersey. He died in 1780.

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And that Almighty God may support you under all your Toil & Labours for your King & Country, and late, very late, reward the same with himself is the Prayer of, May it please your Excellency Your Excellency's most Obedient, . and most Humble Servant Eveazar WueEeE.ock.

Joun Brainerp was brother tothe celebrated David B. and like him an Indian Missionary. He graduated in Yalein1746. His labours were chiefly among the Indians of New Jersey. He died in 1780.

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And that Almighty God may support you under all your Toil & Labours for your King & Country, and late, very late, reward the same with himself is the Prayer of, May it please your Excellency Your Excellency's most Obedient, . and most Humble Servant Eveazar WueEeE.ock.

P. S.--Your Boys are all well excepting that little Elias received a bad blow with a Ballstick from one of his mates as they were playing together but he is in a way to be well soon.

Sir William Johnson.

REV? SAMUEL KIRTLAND TO SIR W™ JOHNSON.

Canesedage' 17 June 1765. Sir.

I arriv'd safe here 30th May, after a very fatiguing J ourney receg little or no assistance from my ungrateful Fellow Travellers.

Pve answer'd ye two belts by which they demanded Provisions for ye Women & Children, Trade &c they have made no return. I apprehend are a little guilty & asham'd of ye mean part they acted. The Sachem knew nothing of their Sending yt large belt for Provisions &c. was surprised to hear of their unreasonable demands. The Sachem and several others do really appear friendly. in general they treat me with no more respect than they would shew to a dog--but this is equal to me. I believe a little more Provision than I'm like to get here, will be necessary for my subsistence this summer. The Indians from above living so much upon this Town since y° general | meeting, has created a great scarcity of Provisions. I suppose

The Sachem knew nothing of their Sending yt large belt for Provisions &c. was surprised to hear of their unreasonable demands. The Sachem and several others do really appear friendly. in general they treat me with no more respect than they would shew to a dog--but this is equal to me. I believe a little more Provision than I'm like to get here, will be necessary for my subsistence this summer. The Indians from above living so much upon this Town since y° general | meeting, has created a great scarcity of Provisions. I suppose

1 For the site of this town also written Canadesagay, see Guy Johnson's Indian Map in this vol. It is said that this was the original name of Geneva, Ontario Co., but in the Col. Johnson's Map the Indian Castle is laid down 10 miles west of the head of Seneca lake.

THE SIX NATIONS. 359

there is not 3 bushels of indian Corn in ye Castle, when I went from hence last spring they were well stored. Could I have a plenty of fresh venison & bears flesh, I would do without bread, ye staff of Life. but to have little of either & ye most of y' little rotten, I think may be call'd coarse fare.

It was said in ye ancient puritanick times, yt man should not live by bread alone,--The Modern ages it seems have degenerated, especially in these parts, for we are like to be denied any bread at all.

Could I have a plenty of fresh venison & bears flesh, I would do without bread, ye staff of Life. but to have little of either & ye most of y' little rotten, I think may be call'd coarse fare.

It was said in ye ancient puritanick times, yt man should not live by bread alone,--The Modern ages it seems have degenerated, especially in these parts, for we are like to be denied any bread at all.

I design (god willing) to be down about twenty days from hence. [ve wrote desiring Capt Butler to make ready Provision for me against my arrival, your Excellency approving y® same. I dont doubt but Rev' Mt Wheelock would think it expedient. it will be to y® credit of y® Design, as well as my comfort & support. Tho' success in my present undertaking be uncertain, J must make a trial of 3 or 4 years, yt I may answer with a clear Conscience before Almighty God. My obligations from without are considerable, but much greater from within. I submit it wholly to your Excellency, whose direction and advice I esteem infinitely preferable to my own; also for whose former undeserved kindness and condesention, I desire to renew most humble thanks. .

That Success & Prosperity may crown all your Excellency's undertakings. is ye sincere wish of him.--who is with greatest esteem

Your Excellencys most obedient & obliged humble servant S. Krrtianp.

His Excellency S* W™ Johnson.

P. S. I shall go down by water, with one or two Indians who have invited me to go with them for sake of learning y® Language. -

I submit it wholly to your Excellency, whose direction and advice I esteem infinitely preferable to my own; also for whose former undeserved kindness and condesention, I desire to renew most humble thanks. .

That Success & Prosperity may crown all your Excellency's undertakings. is ye sincere wish of him.--who is with greatest esteem

Your Excellencys most obedient & obliged humble servant S. Krrtianp.

His Excellency S* W™ Johnson.

P. S. I shall go down by water, with one or two Indians who have invited me to go with them for sake of learning y® Language. -

I have not, nor shall I acquaint them yt I have any thoughts of getting Provision up here.

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REV? M8 WHEELOCK TO SIR W™ JOHNSON.

Lebanon 21st Oct' 1765. Sir, May it please your Excellency.

The Bearer a Narraganset Indian with a number of that Tribe . desire me to write you in their Favour. I am not acquainted with their Case only by common Fame and it has been often said that a number of that Tribe appear more spirited to cultivate their Lands, and live by the Produce of them, than heretofore they haye been, but that they are like to be prevented therein by a drunken Sachem who has got in Debt, and is selling their Lands fast to the English, Your Excellency no doubt knows their Case much better than I do, and will be ee to prevent the Evil they fear if it be in your power.

I am not acquainted with their Case only by common Fame and it has been often said that a number of that Tribe appear more spirited to cultivate their Lands, and live by the Produce of them, than heretofore they haye been, but that they are like to be prevented therein by a drunken Sachem who has got in Debt, and is selling their Lands fast to the English, Your Excellency no doubt knows their Case much better than I do, and will be ee to prevent the Evil they fear if it be in your power.

Sir. I am ordered by the Board of Corrispondents in the Colony of Connecticut to return your Excellency their grateful acknowledgment of your favourable recommendation of this Indian School &c. and for all the Expressions of your Favour and Friendship towards the Important Design of Inlarging & advancing the kingdom of the Redeemer among the Savages. and to Express their best Wishes for your temporal and eternal Felicity. We rely upon your Friendship, and would by no means justly merit the Contrary.

Tam obliged to write in utmost Hurry & Confusion or not embrace this Favourable opportunity of Conveyance which your Goodness will readily enough consider as an Excuse for what is so unfashionably offered by Honé Sir.

Your Excellency's much obliged and most Obed! Humble Servant ELEAzAR WHEELOCK.

Sir Wilim Johnson.

SIR W. JOHNSON TO REV. THOMAS BARTON.

Johnson Hall Nov« 7t4, 1765. Sir I have had the favor of yours, and I am much obliged to you for the trouble you have given yourself about the Electrica]

Tam obliged to write in utmost Hurry & Confusion or not embrace this Favourable opportunity of Conveyance which your Goodness will readily enough consider as an Excuse for what is so unfashionably offered by Honé Sir.

Your Excellency's much obliged and most Obed! Humble Servant ELEAzAR WHEELOCK.

Sir Wilim Johnson.

SIR W. JOHNSON TO REV. THOMAS BARTON.

Johnson Hall Nov« 7t4, 1765. Sir I have had the favor of yours, and I am much obliged to you for the trouble you have given yourself about the Electrica]

THE SIX NATIONS. 361

Aparatus &c and for your polite & friendly offers of Service of which I may now & then avail myself.

The Interest I have in the Welfare of the Indians, & my sincere regard for their happiness has induced me at all times to give proper Introductions & Assistance to the Missionarys sent amongst them, and if my becoming a Member of the Society will increase my power to forward so good an undertaking I shall not hesitate to agree to Mr Auchmutys kind proposal, to whose civility I am much obliged and must beg the favor of you to transmit him my hearty thanks for his intentions relative to me, assuring him that I can have no Objection to becoming a member of so Venerable a body.

Ishall be Extremely glad to hear of your Welfare or to serve whenever in my power as I am.

The Revé M* Barton

*,*Revd Thomas Barton, was born in Ireland in 1730. He was a graduate of Trinity Coll., Dublin. In 1754, the Society for the Prop. of the Gospel, erected a Mission for the counties of York and Cumberland, Pa, and appointed Mr. Barton to it, he haying brought over with him, and laid before the Society a certificate from the Trustees and Professors of the Philadelphia Coll., that he had been more than two years employed as an assistant in that Institution, and discharged his duty to their full satisfaction, and therefore joined in recommending him ag a proper person for the Society's service.

In 1754, the Society for the Prop. of the Gospel, erected a Mission for the counties of York and Cumberland, Pa, and appointed Mr. Barton to it, he haying brought over with him, and laid before the Society a certificate from the Trustees and Professors of the Philadelphia Coll., that he had been more than two years employed as an assistant in that Institution, and discharged his duty to their full satisfaction, and therefore joined in recommending him ag a proper person for the Society's service. This being a frontier settlement, its duties were particularly onerous. He had to ride 148 miles every six weeks to attend his three congregations, and often at the head of his people went to oppose the Savages when desolating the neighboring settlements. He served in 1758 as Chaplain in the expedition against Fort Duquesne, and thus became acquainted with Washington and other distinguished Officers.

In 1770 he received the degree of A. M., from King's Coll., New York. On the breaking out of the revolution he adhered to the Royal cause and was in consequence placed on the limits of his county, and afterwards confined to his house. He continued thusa prisoner two years, and at last found himself under the necessity of leaving his family and parish, after a service of 20 years, and withdrawing to New-York, where he arrived in November, 1778. His long confinement to his house impaired his health, and brought

"on a dropsy, under which he languished until the 25th May, 1780, when he yielded to his fate at the age of 50 years. He left in Pennsylvania, a widow, and eight children by a former wife. The well known Prof, Barton, of the University of Penn., was hisson. Ep.

He continued thusa prisoner two years, and at last found himself under the necessity of leaving his family and parish, after a service of 20 years, and withdrawing to New-York, where he arrived in November, 1778. His long confinement to his house impaired his health, and brought

"on a dropsy, under which he languished until the 25th May, 1780, when he yielded to his fate at the age of 50 years. He left in Pennsylvania, a widow, and eight children by a former wife. The well known Prof, Barton, of the University of Penn., was hisson. Ep.

362 PAPERS RELATING TO

CHURCHWARDENS OF SCHENECTADY TO SIR W™ JOHNSON.

Schonactady 20th December 1765. Sir As the Congregation of the Church of England have come to a Resolution to petition his Excellency the Governor to grant them a Charter to Secure their Rights and privileges in the Church built here, they beg leave to lay their petition before you for your approbation, and likewise beseech you Sir to Honour them with an Acceptance of beeing one of the Trustees in the Charter if one can be Obtained, as we then can have no doubt if a Gentleman of your known Merit and Charecter will Espouse our Cause it will prevent for the future the presbyterians from makeing any unjust attemps on the priviledges in the Church we hope you will graciously, Honour us _ With an answer as soon as your Leisure will permit which will confere the most Gratefull Obligation on our Congregation, and in a perticular manner on your Honors Most Obedient humble servants J W Brown MarttHew Lyne » Ricup Cunyiw JONATHN OGDEN

Sir As the Congregation of the Church of England have come to a Resolution to petition his Excellency the Governor to grant them a Charter to Secure their Rights and privileges in the Church built here, they beg leave to lay their petition before you for your approbation, and likewise beseech you Sir to Honour them with an Acceptance of beeing one of the Trustees in the Charter if one can be Obtained, as we then can have no doubt if a Gentleman of your known Merit and Charecter will Espouse our Cause it will prevent for the future the presbyterians from makeing any unjust attemps on the priviledges in the Church we hope you will graciously, Honour us _ With an answer as soon as your Leisure will permit which will confere the most Gratefull Obligation on our Congregation, and in a perticular manner on your Honors Most Obedient humble servants J W Brown MarttHew Lyne » Ricup Cunyiw JONATHN OGDEN

REVD SAMUEL KIRTLAND TO SIR W™ JOHNSON.

Sir.

I wrote your Honour sometime past by Onuhsocktea & yetwo white men from Niagara,. weh I hope has come safe to hand.-- We have no news of consequence stiring among us at present. I've heard by some of ye Indians yt your Honour has had a very easy happy time thro' the winter--No Visiters no Company excepting Cap Monteur, no Letters from abroad. Nothing to do but to set down & enjoy ye Comforts of Life. wet news I tell them is too good to be true. I rather fear ye contrary. Ive

I wrote your Honour sometime past by Onuhsocktea & yetwo white men from Niagara,. weh I hope has come safe to hand.-- We have no news of consequence stiring among us at present. I've heard by some of ye Indians yt your Honour has had a very easy happy time thro' the winter--No Visiters no Company excepting Cap Monteur, no Letters from abroad. Nothing to do but to set down & enjoy ye Comforts of Life. wet news I tell them is too good to be true. I rather fear ye contrary. Ive

THE SIX NATIONS. 363

lately spoke to the Indians here, something farther concerning my design &. I have had an agreable encouraging answer--of w° I shall acquaint your Honour by ye next opportunity having but a moment to write at present, & y® Bearer now waiting. I beg leave being desir'd to insert a short speech for Tekanondo, as he is my special friend & main suppurt here. I mention only y® Substance.

"TY return you many thanks for your friendly encouraging words last fall--they buried almost all my sorrow, & gave me as it were new life. I keep y™ continually in my mind. I again return most hearty thanks for your Remembrance of me. I desire you wou'd consider ye present disposition & intention of my warriors to visit ye old Enemies yé Cherokee. you are well acquainted wth our ancient Customs & Traditions, yt ye late Breach in my family cant be fully made up in any other way. I know not wt your present stores are, nor how you are disposed towards these things. I ask only this yt you woud take it into consideration. You are doubtless sensible it is hard for me to see all my Notes pass me on this Business, & I being alone, perhaps shall set down & weep wth my miserable Condition.

I desire you wou'd consider ye present disposition & intention of my warriors to visit ye old Enemies yé Cherokee. you are well acquainted wth our ancient Customs & Traditions, yt ye late Breach in my family cant be fully made up in any other way. I know not wt your present stores are, nor how you are disposed towards these things. I ask only this yt you woud take it into consideration. You are doubtless sensible it is hard for me to see all my Notes pass me on this Business, & I being alone, perhaps shall set down & weep wth my miserable Condition. But if my Warreours go Ill be contented to tarry your encouraging word & strict charge last fall shall support me & be continually in my mind.

In much hast your Honours most obedt & ever humé Seryt S. Kirrnanp.

Kaunaudasage Feby 18, 1766, if I dont mistake.

I beg y® favour of an Almanack if your Honour has a supply. I fear I shall forget y® Sabbaths & perhaps new moons, & become a Savage indeed.

The Hon! Sir W™ Johnson.

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M8 WEYMAN, PRINTER, TO SIR W™ JOHNSON

ON THE SUBJECT OF THE INDIAN PRAYER BOOK.

New York, March 25, 1766. Sir,

The Indian Common Prayer Book stil lies dead ;--I should be glad to be informed how I am to proceed. I have been at much Expence for what is done, and assure myself of your consideration of ye Affair. I shall wait your Motion with Pleasure ;--No doubt occurrences prevented its farther Progress with you. The Reverend M* Ogilvie, who is now Curate here, will no doubt undertake its Correction, if you doubt my Carefulness from sticking close to a legible Copy ; and, I think, Sir, he will readily assist on Application, which, if you please, I will undertake to address for, should you incline to continue its Publication. :

I have been at much Expence for what is done, and assure myself of your consideration of ye Affair. I shall wait your Motion with Pleasure ;--No doubt occurrences prevented its farther Progress with you. The Reverend M* Ogilvie, who is now Curate here, will no doubt undertake its Correction, if you doubt my Carefulness from sticking close to a legible Copy ; and, I think, Sir, he will readily assist on Application, which, if you please, I will undertake to address for, should you incline to continue its Publication. :

I am, Your Excellency's obliged, and Obedient H>le Servant, W™ Weyman.

THE MAYOR OF ALBANY TO THE REV. MR. WHEELOCK.

May, 1766. Rev. Sir,

We are favored with your letter of the 21st, and with Mr. Smith's of the 10' of April last. The design of christianizing the Indians, and diffusing the light of the gospel to those unhappy people, that have not yet partaken of that divine blessing, is so truly charitable, and favorable to humanity, that it deserves all the encouragement and attention, that it has met with from our gracious sovereign, and those worthy benefactors, who so generally followed the roya] example.

We esteem ourselves peculiarly happy that an opportunity is offered us, to show how much we are inclined to promote a plan so universally countenanced, and so deservedly applauded. We

THE SIX NATIONS. 365

have informed: ourselves of the Rev. Mr. Kirkland, to whom you was pleased to refer us for particulars. The affair is of so much importance, that it claims our most serious and deliberate consideration, and the little time allowed from the speedy return of Mr. does not permit us to send our proposals by him: we shall however embrace the earliest opportunity to convey them to you, and we hope that when you get them, they will be such as will meet with your approbation, and merit the consideration of those worthy gentlemen in England, to whom this affair is referred.

The affair is of so much importance, that it claims our most serious and deliberate consideration, and the little time allowed from the speedy return of Mr. does not permit us to send our proposals by him: we shall however embrace the earliest opportunity to convey them to you, and we hope that when you get them, they will be such as will meet with your approbation, and merit the consideration of those worthy gentlemen in England, to whom this affair is referred.

We beg leave to assure you, sir, of our particular regard for you ; we wish you much of the divine grace, and health to go on with this good work, of which (greatly to your honour be it spoken, and may it long be gratefully remembered) you have been the first promoter.

We are, Rev, Sir, Your most humble servant V. Dow, Mayor, &e.

REVP M® WHEELOCK TO SIR W™ JOHNSON.

Lebanon 4th July 1766. Sir,

I gratefully acknowledge the Receipt of Your Excelleys Favour by David Fowler--I much regrett the loss of Goak, who, as David and others inform me, was a man of great Consequence, both with respect to their religious, and Secular Interest.

And I am indeed much affected with the accot (which you referr me to David for) of the occasions given to several Tribes to revive their old Prejudices, and renew their Hostilities against the English. May your Excellency experience that same Fountain of Wisdom which has hitherto guided you on such occasions, to be still sufficient for you, in this critical affair.

I gratefully acknowledge the Receipt of Your Excelleys Favour by David Fowler--I much regrett the loss of Goak, who, as David and others inform me, was a man of great Consequence, both with respect to their religious, and Secular Interest.

And I am indeed much affected with the accot (which you referr me to David for) of the occasions given to several Tribes to revive their old Prejudices, and renew their Hostilities against the English. May your Excellency experience that same Fountain of Wisdom which has hitherto guided you on such occasions, to be still sufficient for you, in this critical affair.

My plan is much disconcerted hereby--The English youth

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who accompany this, viz. Johnson and McCluer,' are Members of Yale College, as well as of this School ; and were design'd, if it might be, under Your Excellency's Direction & Favour, to spend the ensuing Season, (with their Indian associates) in learning the Language of such Tribes, as they may likely serve, as Missionaries & School Masters, when they have compleated their Learning. The Disposal of them is now submitted to your Wisdom, and Prudence. M' Kirtland seems inclined to take McCluer to Onoyada with him; But whether the learning of that Language will be of such Consequence as that it will be worth his spending his Time for it, Your Excellency is best able to judge.

I have thought it might be best for Joseph Johnson, who is a Mohegan,? and is too young to have the government of a school, to be employed, as an Usher under David Fowler, whose school, I understand, will likely be big enough for two masters.

M' Kirtland seems inclined to take McCluer to Onoyada with him; But whether the learning of that Language will be of such Consequence as that it will be worth his spending his Time for it, Your Excellency is best able to judge.

I have thought it might be best for Joseph Johnson, who is a Mohegan,? and is too young to have the government of a school, to be employed, as an Usher under David Fowler, whose school, I understand, will likely be big enough for two masters.

Jacob? who is Brother to David, and tho' but 16. years old, I

1 Davin McCuurz, D. D., was a natlve of Brookfield, Mass. Atter spending some time under Mr. Kirtland, at Oneida, he graduated at Yale College in 1769, and then became a teacher in Dr. Wheelock's school. In the summer of 1772 he set out to visit the Delaware Indians on the Muskingum river, west of the Ohio, a journal of which mission is published in Wheelock's Nar. for 1773. On his return to Pittsburgh from this, what turned out to be a fruitless mission, he spent seven months among the scattered white settlements in Western Penn. In the summer of 1774, in company with Messrs. Dean and others, he visited the Canada Indians. During, and for some time after the revolution, he was minister of Northampton, N. H., and in 1786 removed to East Windsor, where he died June 25, 1820, aged 71. His wife was the daughter of Dr. Pomeroy and niece of Dr. Wheelock, whose Memoirs he published in connexion with Dr. Parish in 1811.-Ep.

On his return to Pittsburgh from this, what turned out to be a fruitless mission, he spent seven months among the scattered white settlements in Western Penn. In the summer of 1774, in company with Messrs. Dean and others, he visited the Canada Indians. During, and for some time after the revolution, he was minister of Northampton, N. H., and in 1786 removed to East Windsor, where he died June 25, 1820, aged 71. His wife was the daughter of Dr. Pomeroy and niece of Dr. Wheelock, whose Memoirs he published in connexion with Dr. Parish in 1811.-Ep.

2 Joseru Jounson was born near Norwich about the year 1750. His father served near Lake George in 1757. At the age of 15, Joseph became a school. master as above stated, and was so employed for two years. He fell off, however, from this life of regularity afterwards, and went on a whaling voyage. Returning in 1771, he fell sick at his native place, which circumstance had such an effect on him, that he became quite religious. He was afterwards licensed to preach among the Six Nations, and was very faithful to the American cause during the revolution. It is said that he was not inferior to Samson Occum as a Preacher. Axren. See also Wheelock's Narrative, 1775.

3 Jacoz Fowzer, a Montauk Indian was born in 1750. He was approved asa Teacher in 1765, and taught for several years after among the Six Nations and N.E. tribes. Things, however, did not go well with him, and in 1774, he re-

He was afterwards licensed to preach among the Six Nations, and was very faithful to the American cause during the revolution. It is said that he was not inferior to Samson Occum as a Preacher. Axren. See also Wheelock's Narrative, 1775.

3 Jacoz Fowzer, a Montauk Indian was born in 1750. He was approved asa Teacher in 1765, and taught for several years after among the Six Nations and N.E. tribes. Things, however, did not go well with him, and in 1774, he re-

THE SIX NATIONS. 367

apprehend is endowed with Prudence & Discretion sufficient to conduct (and is well accomplished to instruct) a School.

I would also propose to your Excellency Whether it will be best for Hezekiah [Calvin] to take the School which Joseph Woolley left at Onohoquagee, as I hear Mr Brown determines to defeat his Design of settling at Fort Hunter,

But I need not be particular as the Bearers are fully knowing to whatever I should otherwise have need to inform you of; in this affair. And also.as the Rev' M' Pomeroy & my son, are appointed (and yesterday sat out via New-York) to wait upon you for your advice respecting the place to fix upon, and build for this Schoo]. They will also be able to acquaint you with the favourable Reception, Mess's Whittaker & Occum, & the Design they Recommend, meet with at Home ; and the Prospect I have of any Favour I can reasonably desire from the Board of Trade, if only the Place for the School was once determined. and as J would act in every step agreable to your mind, for I apprehend you are ahle above any man in this Land to serve the grand Design in view. What seems to be wanting at Home, at present, is only to know the place to fix it.

They will also be able to acquaint you with the favourable Reception, Mess's Whittaker & Occum, & the Design they Recommend, meet with at Home ; and the Prospect I have of any Favour I can reasonably desire from the Board of Trade, if only the Place for the School was once determined. and as J would act in every step agreable to your mind, for I apprehend you are ahle above any man in this Land to serve the grand Design in view. What seems to be wanting at Home, at present, is only to know the place to fix it. And I purpose to mention several, with such Recommendations, Incouragements &c as shall be respectively given them, and leave it with Gentlemen at Home to determine which of the number it shall be.

You will please to weigh the Arguments offerd by MC, J. Smith to carry it into the Southern Governments, a rough Draft . of which I have sent by my son.

William (Major as we call him for distinction sake) is a very good Genius, and capable of making a very likely man; but his Pride and the Violence of his Temper have sometimes rendered him troublesome ; and obliged me to use severity with him, of which my son can inform you perhapsa Line or Message from You might be of Special service to him. I ordered him. to write a few lines (which I inclose) as a Specimen He complained, and you will see, not without Reason, that his Ink was bad. Iam heartily sorry to add to the great weight of Care, &

William (Major as we call him for distinction sake) is a very good Genius, and capable of making a very likely man; but his Pride and the Violence of his Temper have sometimes rendered him troublesome ; and obliged me to use severity with him, of which my son can inform you perhapsa Line or Message from You might be of Special service to him. I ordered him. to write a few lines (which I inclose) as a Specimen He complained, and you will see, not without Reason, that his Ink was bad. Iam heartily sorry to add to the great weight of Care, &

turned as a teacher to Dr. Wheelock's School, where he prepared himself for holy orders, previous to moving into the Oneida country with Sampson Occum. WuereELock,

368 PAPERS RELATING TO

Crowd of Business you are continually in; and rely only upon your Goodness and the nature and importance of the things I write, for Pardon, for this Trouble. That God may restore your Health, Support you under all your Labours, and long lengthen out your important life, is the earnest Prayer of him who begs leave to subseribe, with most Sincere Duty and Esteem. Your Excellency's Obedient and very Humble Servant Sir William Johnson Baront, EvLeazar WHEELOCK.

REV. MR BROWN TO SIR W™ JOHNSON.

Albany Sep 13th 1766. Sr:

I have the Honour of y's of the 10 Instant pr master Peter, wherein I find no particular Instructions in Regard to his schooling, conclude therefore that you leave him to me on that Head. Depend on it I shall take the same care of him in every Respect as my own Child. I shall be prepared to meet his Excellency y'self & the rest of the Fraternity on the earliest notice. My Discourse to my Indian Children shall be short, but how sweet I must leave to y™ better Judgment.

I have the Honour of y's of the 10 Instant pr master Peter, wherein I find no particular Instructions in Regard to his schooling, conclude therefore that you leave him to me on that Head. Depend on it I shall take the same care of him in every Respect as my own Child. I shall be prepared to meet his Excellency y'self & the rest of the Fraternity on the earliest notice. My Discourse to my Indian Children shall be short, but how sweet I must leave to y™ better Judgment. I shall obey y' other commands by inviting four or five the most decent of our Brethren to meet his Excellency on that Solemn oceasion.

I remain S' with the utmost Respect y* most obliged Hum Servt St W™ Johnson. T. Brown.

REV? M® CHAMBERLAIN TO THE REV. ME BROWN. Onowadagegh Oct. 10 A. D. 1766. Rev Sir Though my being a Stranger to you might free me from many offices which might be expected from a youth bound to you by

THE SIX NATIONS. 369.

many acts of your kindness yet I cant neglect writing to you on a late occurrence without violating the Bonds of simple Humanity which bind equally the most remote Acquaintance and the most intimate Friends. A Report has been lately handed about here that you Rev4 Sir at the late Meeting at Johnson Hall christend serveral children in the Presence of his Honour the Governor the honourable Sir W" Johnson many other Gentlemen and a Number of Indians of several Tribes who had been before christened by Missionaries of the presbyterian order. I acknowledge Rev4 Sir that the Fact mention'd in their Report is too notoriously conterary to the Practices of Christians of every Denomination to gain Credit amongst any but Indians and the most ignorant and crudilous Part of the white People, confident therefore that this Report is intirely Groundless I have thought it imprudent to apply to any Gentleman to have it refuted but to yourself who will I doubt not readily give so full and ample Refatations of it from under your own Hand that I may for the Futer be able to put to shame all who would thereby asperse your character or bring into Contempt and Neglect amongst these ignorant Heathen the whole christian system.

I acknowledge Rev4 Sir that the Fact mention'd in their Report is too notoriously conterary to the Practices of Christians of every Denomination to gain Credit amongst any but Indians and the most ignorant and crudilous Part of the white People, confident therefore that this Report is intirely Groundless I have thought it imprudent to apply to any Gentleman to have it refuted but to yourself who will I doubt not readily give so full and ample Refatations of it from under your own Hand that I may for the Futer be able to put to shame all who would thereby asperse your character or bring into Contempt and Neglect amongst these ignorant Heathen the whole christian system. It was my advice from several presbiterian Ministers and from all whom I convers4 with on the subject that twas best as much as possible to keep from the minds of the Indians every Notion of any Difference or Distinction amongst prodestant Christians. Tothis . I have always been despos4 and have therefore been ever ready to stand by a silent Spectator and Auditor of what ever any Gentleman of the standing church chlergey have desired to act or speak in any of the Places where my commission under the honle Scots Society has impowered me to officiate. The Prudence of this Measure the Advantage it gives to the common cause of Christianety and its utility to the Nation so far as we consider the natinal Interest as connected with the scheme christinising the Heathen in these Parts must appear to every considerate Person upon the least Reflection but if the forementiond Report obtains we are obviously under a Necessity either to leave the Indians intirely or else to give a satisfactory Reason for such a Piece of unheard of Conduct. The first of these Sir you may readily suppose we shall not do before we see the VoL. ty. 24

The Prudence of this Measure the Advantage it gives to the common cause of Christianety and its utility to the Nation so far as we consider the natinal Interest as connected with the scheme christinising the Heathen in these Parts must appear to every considerate Person upon the least Reflection but if the forementiond Report obtains we are obviously under a Necessity either to leave the Indians intirely or else to give a satisfactory Reason for such a Piece of unheard of Conduct. The first of these Sir you may readily suppose we shall not do before we see the VoL. ty. 24

370 PAPERS RELATING TO

Indians all suppli¢ with Ministers of some Prodistant Persuation who will reside amungst them to instruct currect and persuade them and to set them Examples of such christian conduct as J trust all christians would rejoice to see prevail amongst mankind and to expect this from the church clargey who are so scarce in these Parts is childish unless then you will amply refute the Report of your having rebaptisd Children we are necessatated to give a Reason for such Bisbaptisms and this we cannot do without entering into a Distinction which we desire never to mention here and which would to God there had never been occasion for. You may depend upon it Sir that Iam disposd to treat every man in a christian Manner who act like a Christian and to use them with all that Deference and Respect which either their Age or Carracter or any Distinction can claim from me and shall therefore be entirely silent about the above Report till I see whether an Answer to my Request is to be expected from you and after that shall endeaver to act ina Manner most consistant with the same Principals.

You may depend upon it Sir that Iam disposd to treat every man in a christian Manner who act like a Christian and to use them with all that Deference and Respect which either their Age or Carracter or any Distinction can claim from me and shall therefore be entirely silent about the above Report till I see whether an Answer to my Request is to be expected from you and after that shall endeaver to act ina Manner most consistant with the same Principals. The affair has given some uneasiness both to Rev4 M? Kirtland and myself and in Case you think this unworthy an Answer we shall doubtless apply to some Gentleman who was present and will freely give us that satisfaction which I at present hope to obtain from you and by which shall be able to satisfy M Kirtland and to put a stop toa Rumor so abusive and uncommon. In hopes of this I rest for the Present and beg Leave to subscribe myself Revé & Worthy Sir Your Humble Servant

THEOPHILUS CHAMBERLAIN. To Revd M: Brown. :

** THEoPHILUS CHAMBERLAIN was ordained at Lebanon, on 24 April, 1765, and set out on the 19th June following for the country of the Six Nations. He established several schools among the Mohawks, visited the Oneydas, made a tour among the Onondagas, and preached to them. He returned to Lebanon in October, accompanied by two Oneida youths to be placed under Dr. Wheelock's charge. He returned again the following year to the Mohawk country, as appears by the above, and a subsequent letter Ep

** THEoPHILUS CHAMBERLAIN was ordained at Lebanon, on 24 April, 1765, and set out on the 19th June following for the country of the Six Nations. He established several schools among the Mohawks, visited the Oneydas, made a tour among the Onondagas, and preached to them. He returned to Lebanon in October, accompanied by two Oneida youths to be placed under Dr. Wheelock's charge. He returned again the following year to the Mohawk country, as appears by the above, and a subsequent letter Ep

THE SIX NATIONS. 371

CHURCHWARDENS OF SCHENECTADY TO SIR WM JOHNSON.

Schenectady Dect 4th 1766. Hond Siz After rendring you our sincere thanks for the tender regard you expressed for our Church, in your favour to the Rev4 Mr Auchmuthy, we would acquaint you that Mr. Lyne--when in New York waited on his Excellency to know the result of our _ petition, and we have the pleasure of hearing that it was laid before the Council where it met with a favourable reception, agreeable to which the Charter will shortly be sent up with his Excellencies subscription money and Church furniture. Mr Lyne has also procured a Clerk to officiate in the Church, who we are persuaded will answer the Character given him by several Gentlemen of Credit in New York. We conclude with craving a continuance of your protection of our Church and its Liberties, and subscribe ourselves Honé Sir Your most Obt & Hum: Servants J W Brown Ricup CuLLen StepHen Duptey. Cuares Dogan Marruew Lyne.

Lyne--when in New York waited on his Excellency to know the result of our _ petition, and we have the pleasure of hearing that it was laid before the Council where it met with a favourable reception, agreeable to which the Charter will shortly be sent up with his Excellencies subscription money and Church furniture. Mr Lyne has also procured a Clerk to officiate in the Church, who we are persuaded will answer the Character given him by several Gentlemen of Credit in New York. We conclude with craving a continuance of your protection of our Church and its Liberties, and subscribe ourselves Honé Sir Your most Obt & Hum: Servants J W Brown Ricup CuLLen StepHen Duptey. Cuares Dogan Marruew Lyne.

REV? M® CHAMBERLAIN TO SIR W¥ JOHNSON.

Conajohare 29th Dec? 1766

May it please your Honour

I but lately received your Honours Letter of the 8» instant, am sorry tho have been the occasion of so much Trouble to your 'Honour whose Indulgence and Condescention I have so often experiencéed, and stand corrected with Pleasure.

I am surprised that the Rev4 Brown should suspect that by privatly informing him of what he was said to have done I

372 PAPERS RELATING TO

intended to intimate the misconduct of those in whose Presence it was said he did-it. I never doubted may it please your Hont but that his Exelency the Govenor had a Right to ask and obtain M* Browns assistance in Conferring his Name upon whome he pleasd and this without transgressing the strictest Rules of Christianity, and was far from thinking that his Exelency or any Gentleman in the Civil Government would interpose his authority with a clergyman to oblige him to rebaptize Children because they were first baptized by ministers of another . Denomination. Nor was I may it please your Hon' suspicious -- that the Gentlemen of the establishd Church Clergy gave them-* selves or others too much Trouble to bring into Disrepute other religious Persuasions.

I never doubted may it please your Hont but that his Exelency the Govenor had a Right to ask and obtain M* Browns assistance in Conferring his Name upon whome he pleasd and this without transgressing the strictest Rules of Christianity, and was far from thinking that his Exelency or any Gentleman in the Civil Government would interpose his authority with a clergyman to oblige him to rebaptize Children because they were first baptized by ministers of another . Denomination. Nor was I may it please your Hon' suspicious -- that the Gentlemen of the establishd Church Clergy gave them-* selves or others too much Trouble to bring into Disrepute other religious Persuasions. I treated this Report or at least aimd to -- _ like what was false and only wrote Mt Brown for his authority to. say it was false. I gave a greater Latitude to some Expressions than I should otherwise that Mt Brown might give me a direct answer which would stop the mouths of those who can see nothing significant in arguing what men will do from their Character--but never once supposed the Rev4 Gentleman would make so great an affair of it as to have me answerd as he has in a manner which gives me the greatest Pain. I mentiond the Presence of his Exelency the Govenor, the Honle Sir William Johnson and other Gentlemen and the Indians with no other view than to give the Report the airs with which I several Times heard it told not suspecting that the Letter would be proposed to any one as what was designed to fault the conduct of my Rulers, for to this I dont give myself.a License in any case but especially should not with your Honour to whom I am so much indebted must therefore may it please your Honour. beg the continuance of your Honours favours to be without which will be itself a mark of ungratfull and will soon render me intirrely useless.

I mentiond the Presence of his Exelency the Govenor, the Honle Sir William Johnson and other Gentlemen and the Indians with no other view than to give the Report the airs with which I several Times heard it told not suspecting that the Letter would be proposed to any one as what was designed to fault the conduct of my Rulers, for to this I dont give myself.a License in any case but especially should not with your Honour to whom I am so much indebted must therefore may it please your Honour. beg the continuance of your Honours favours to be without which will be itself a mark of ungratfull and will soon render me intirrely useless. In hopes to obtain this I conclud and beg Leave to subscribe myself May it Please your Honour your Hon'* most obediant humble servant THEOPHLUS CHAMBERLAIN.

THE SIX NATIONS. 373

REV. MR. BROWN TO SIR WM. JOHNSON.

Sr

The Bearers hereof are going up the Mohawk River to try to collect money to finish off a Church at Great-Barrington, where they have suffer'd every Hardship from the Presbaterian Party ; And designing to call at yf' House I have taken the Liberty of requesting yt advice. They beg of me to return with them to Barrington for a Sunday, but as my Duty call's me to the

- Mohawks cannot think of going without your consent. A Line from yon will Determine the Case. I hope you will not let yr Foridness for master Peter keep him too long from his Studies as a misapplication of his Time will make him forget what he has learnt. Jam S* with Respect - | y« most obedient Servant 3 T: Brown.

They beg of me to return with them to Barrington for a Sunday, but as my Duty call's me to the

- Mohawks cannot think of going without your consent. A Line from yon will Determine the Case. I hope you will not let yr Foridness for master Peter keep him too long from his Studies as a misapplication of his Time will make him forget what he has learnt. Jam S* with Respect - | y« most obedient Servant 3 T: Brown.

. Albany Jan 30th 1767.

If I do not go to Barrington a number of Brother's propose paying you a Visit on Saturday.

To Honble Se W™ Johnson.

REVD. MR. HANNA TO SIR WM. JOHNSON.

Schenectady May 29th. 1767. . Honorable Sir,

The many Favours I have received at your Hand, lay me under Indispensible Obligations to acknowledge your Generosity ; & acquaint you that as it is not in my Power to return

ethem in this Life: You are therefore to look for your Reward where the most of Good Benifectors have done before you, viz in

Heaven ; But can assure you, that I*bear a sincere & grateful

Sense of your Kinnesses in my Breast & shall never forget them

while I am mindful of myself: particularly your last Letter to

the Governor in my Favour which was of Singular Service

to me. ' Sir, Since my Return from your House, I have attended close at M". Silvesters Office, to acquaint myself with the Formalities

ethem in this Life: You are therefore to look for your Reward where the most of Good Benifectors have done before you, viz in

Heaven ; But can assure you, that I*bear a sincere & grateful

Sense of your Kinnesses in my Breast & shall never forget them

while I am mindful of myself: particularly your last Letter to

the Governor in my Favour which was of Singular Service

to me. ' Sir, Since my Return from your House, I have attended close at M". Silvesters Office, to acquaint myself with the Formalities

874 PAPERS RELATING TO

& proceedings of the Court, have got my Licence, & qualified last Tuesday, am come to Schenectady, with a Design to settle: & should be glad to have it in my Power to serve you or any of your Friends. all from Honorable Sir ° your most humle, & obe'4. servt. Witiiam Hanna!

MR. JOHN ARBO, SECY TO THE MORAVIANS TO SIR WM. JOHNSON.

g Bethlehem the 6t" Januar. 1768. ir

The high and important Station in which the Providence of GOD and our Gracious Sovereign have placed You, together with Your well known benevolent Disposition towards the Indians in general, occasions my Addressing Your Excellency at this Time.

1 Rev. Waiite Hanna, the first) Presbyterian clergyman at Albany, was educated at the Revd. Dr. Finley's Academy at Nottingham in Maryland; he next was assistant at Rev. Dr. Robert Smith's School at Pequea, Pennsylvania, and graduated at Princetown College. In 1759 he received the degree of A. B from Kings College, New York, and that of Master'of Arts, in 1765, from the same institution. He was licensed to preach by the Litchfield Presbytery, Connecticut, 28 May, 1760. He became pastor of the Presbyterian Church organised for the first time in Albany in 1762, of which congregation he continued pastor for the space of about five years.

Robert Smith's School at Pequea, Pennsylvania, and graduated at Princetown College. In 1759 he received the degree of A. B from Kings College, New York, and that of Master'of Arts, in 1765, from the same institution. He was licensed to preach by the Litchfield Presbytery, Connecticut, 28 May, 1760. He became pastor of the Presbyterian Church organised for the first time in Albany in 1762, of which congregation he continued pastor for the space of about five years. But '' having taken a civil commission from the governor," and ''as it was not customary for any member of the church to which he beionged to bear a civil office," the congregation requested his Dismission, which followed accordingly. It seems that he next moved to. Schenectady, after having studied law with Mr. Silvester of Albany, and was" admitted to practice, as appears above, in May 1767. But his success at the bar was not commensurate with his expectations, and in 1771 he expressed a desire to be admitted to orders in the Church of England. The clergy of New York, for reasons to be found i in Dr. Auchmuty's letter (post) of the 11th June 1771, thought it would not do for them to recommend him for ordination, but suggested his application to Lord Baltimore. He thereupon proceeded to Morylaikt and having been furnished with letters to Col. Washington and other leading gentlemen of Virginia, he went next to the latter Colony. His reception, here, was so favorable that he, forthwith, sailed for England, where the Bishop of even conferred orders on him, 14 June 1772.--Ep.

Auchmuty's letter (post) of the 11th June 1771, thought it would not do for them to recommend him for ordination, but suggested his application to Lord Baltimore. He thereupon proceeded to Morylaikt and having been furnished with letters to Col. Washington and other leading gentlemen of Virginia, he went next to the latter Colony. His reception, here, was so favorable that he, forthwith, sailed for England, where the Bishop of even conferred orders on him, 14 June 1772.--Ep.

THE SIX NATIONS. 375

I presume Your Excellency cannot be unacquainted with the Missions and Labours of the Brethren, begun and _ hitherto subsisting for upwards of Twenty five Years amongst the Northern Indians, and that their Zeal, in bringing many of them to the Knowledge of GOD our Saviour Jesus Christ, has been crown'd with great Success. True it is, the Troubles and Calamities attending the late Indian War, in which the Missionaries and their Converts met with such a Variety of Distress, Vicissitudes and Interruption in their Labours, as even threatened their total Extirpation ; Yet it has nevertheless pleased the Almighty GOD in his great Goodness, after very many of them had departed this Life in Faith and Love to Jesus Christ, still to preserve a Remnant of them, who now live together in brotherly Love at Wiealusing on the Susquehannah possessing the same Mind with Us to lead a peaceable and quiet Life in all Godliness & Honesty under the British Government.

This Infant Indian Settlement, which we now have the Pleasure of seeing in a prosperous Situation, We beg Leave to recommend with our Missionaries, to Your Excellency's Kind Notice and Protection.

True it is, the Troubles and Calamities attending the late Indian War, in which the Missionaries and their Converts met with such a Variety of Distress, Vicissitudes and Interruption in their Labours, as even threatened their total Extirpation ; Yet it has nevertheless pleased the Almighty GOD in his great Goodness, after very many of them had departed this Life in Faith and Love to Jesus Christ, still to preserve a Remnant of them, who now live together in brotherly Love at Wiealusing on the Susquehannah possessing the same Mind with Us to lead a peaceable and quiet Life in all Godliness & Honesty under the British Government.

This Infant Indian Settlement, which we now have the Pleasure of seeing in a prosperous Situation, We beg Leave to recommend with our Missionaries, to Your Excellency's Kind Notice and Protection.

In this View I have the Pleasure of transmitting to Your Excellency the Greenland History in 2 Vols. wrote by David Cranz one of our Brethren ; which we beg Your kind Acceptance of. The first Vol: Containing a Description of the Country and the natural Curiosities of that cold Climate, I flatter myself, may not prove Unentertaining and the second, I imagine will convey to Your Excellency the truest and best Idea of the Brethrens Method of propagating the Gospel amongst the Savage Nations.

For this Purpose also this History has been presented to their Majesties the King and Queen, the Ministers of State, Bishops & Board of Trade &c. &c.

The first Vol: Containing a Description of the Country and the natural Curiosities of that cold Climate, I flatter myself, may not prove Unentertaining and the second, I imagine will convey to Your Excellency the truest and best Idea of the Brethrens Method of propagating the Gospel amongst the Savage Nations.

For this Purpose also this History has been presented to their Majesties the King and Queen, the Ministers of State, Bishops & Board of Trade &c. &c.

In Behalf of the Members of the Brethren's Society for the Furtherance of the Gospel amongst the Heathen I have the Honour to subscribe myself

Your Excellency's most obedt Humble Servant Joun Arzo, Secretary.

376 PAPERS RELATING TO

SEC. OF THE SOCIETY FOR PROP. THE GOSPEL TO SIR W™ JOHNSON.

Sir,

It isa great satisfaction to the society to be informed, that you perfectly approve their resolutions, with regard to Indian Missionaries, & Catechists, & are very desirous of seeing some part of the scheme carried immediately into execution. This is a point we have constantly kept our attention upon ; and are truly sorry that we have not yet been able to engage any proper person to undertake that employment. We had good hope that some of the more approved & experienced among the Clergy in your parts, who from their knowledge of the Indians, & their acquaintance in the neighbourhood, & especially from that countenance which you would naturally give them, might become -- likely to have the best Success, would not have been unwilling to have taken this appointment; especially when they had some kind of assurance that a larger salary than usual would have been allowed on such an occasion Dt Auchmuty tells me, that he has done every thing in his power to forward our Scheme, but without success.

We had good hope that some of the more approved & experienced among the Clergy in your parts, who from their knowledge of the Indians, & their acquaintance in the neighbourhood, & especially from that countenance which you would naturally give them, might become -- likely to have the best Success, would not have been unwilling to have taken this appointment; especially when they had some kind of assurance that a larger salary than usual would have been allowed on such an occasion Dt Auchmuty tells me, that he has done every thing in his power to forward our Scheme, but without success. "+ Perhaps, says he because the Clergy do "not care to leave a certainty for an uncertainty." We therefore desire you to inform us, what you think would be a proper allowance to offer to a Missty for this department: The Society are ready to concur to the utmost extent of their abilities to carry on so beneficial a design ; tho' indeed their income is far too scanty of itself alone & without some good assistance to forward it in the manner they wish. I have the honor to be with the most perfect esteem & respect.

. Your most Obedt humble Servant

D. Burrton.! Abingdon Street Westminster Febr" 1st 1768.

1 Rev. Dante Burton, D. D., chancellor of the diocese of Oxford and Rector of St. Peter's Poor, London, was for many years Secretary to Dr. Secker, Archb. of Canterbury, to whose will he was also executor. He was raised to the dignity of Canon of Christ Church, Oxford, on 24th June, 1760, and in 1761 succeeded Dr. Bearcroft as Secretary to the Society for propagating the gospel, which office he held until 1773, when he, in his turn, was succeeded by the Rey, Dr.

D., chancellor of the diocese of Oxford and Rector of St. Peter's Poor, London, was for many years Secretary to Dr. Secker, Archb. of Canterbury, to whose will he was also executor. He was raised to the dignity of Canon of Christ Church, Oxford, on 24th June, 1760, and in 1761 succeeded Dr. Bearcroft as Secretary to the Society for propagating the gospel, which office he held until 1773, when he, in his turn, was succeeded by the Rey, Dr. Richard

THE SIX NATIONS, 377

CORPORATION OF ALBANY TO THE REV. MR. WHEELOCK.

Albany, March 21st 1768. Reverend Sir, '

Since the Letter which the Mayor did Please to write you, our annul Election for the Aldermen and Assistants to serve in this Corporation having taken place and some other adventitious Circumstances Intervening have Concurred to delay our answer to your favour of the 27th August last, these being now happily removed we Embrace this oppertunity to answer your Letter It gives us much, pleasure to find that you think our proposals in several respects Inviteing and Generous ;! yon will do justice to,our Sentiments, if you also believe that we wish to have it in our Power todo more and if we would chearfully Give every. assistance that the projector and Patrons of this Scheme have a . right to require from every Person Impressed (as we are) with its utility and Philanthropy, your declining to fix on any particular place for the School without the Previous knowledge and approbation of Lord Dartmouth and the other worthy Persons that. have countenanced the plan and promoted Its success at home by procuring such Considerable donations for its Establishment gives us at once a Strikeing Instance of your modesty, and a.high Idiea of your Prudence in paying such strict attention to avoid Every step that. might tend to Prejudice this Institution--Which in its progress may do honor to the age In which it has taken rise and reflect lustre on you as the first Promoter, Permitt, us to thank you Sir, for having transmitted home Copys of our Letters and of those that were Written you on this subject from New York the Gentlemen that did us the honor to write

Since the Letter which the Mayor did Please to write you, our annul Election for the Aldermen and Assistants to serve in this Corporation having taken place and some other adventitious Circumstances Intervening have Concurred to delay our answer to your favour of the 27th August last, these being now happily removed we Embrace this oppertunity to answer your Letter It gives us much, pleasure to find that you think our proposals in several respects Inviteing and Generous ;! yon will do justice to,our Sentiments, if you also believe that we wish to have it in our Power todo more and if we would chearfully Give every. assistance that the projector and Patrons of this Scheme have a . right to require from every Person Impressed (as we are) with its utility and Philanthropy, your declining to fix on any particular place for the School without the Previous knowledge and approbation of Lord Dartmouth and the other worthy Persons that. have countenanced the plan and promoted Its success at home by procuring such Considerable donations for its Establishment gives us at once a Strikeing Instance of your modesty, and a.high Idiea of your Prudence in paying such strict attention to avoid Every step that. might tend to Prejudice this Institution--Which in its progress may do honor to the age In which it has taken rise and reflect lustre on you as the first Promoter, Permitt, us to thank you Sir, for having transmitted home Copys of our Letters and of those that were Written you on this subject from New York the Gentlemen that did us the honor to write

Hind. WHarriot Burton, his only daughter, married (Aug. 15, i778,) the Hon. John, afterwards Lord, Trevor, Minister plenipotentiary to the diet at Ratisbon, in 1780, and to the court of Sardinia in 1788. This nobleman dying (1824) without, issue, the title is now extinct. Dr. Burton died on the 28d April, 1775. He, had the character of a very pious, sensible, diligent, careful and disinterested man.--Ep.

1 The Corporation had offered, to give two thousand three hundred pounds to Dr. Wheelock, on condition that, he would remove his Institution from Lebanon to. Albany.--Ep.

378, PAPERS RELATING TO

them are all of distinguished Characters Emminent for Cherishing and Cultivating the Social Virtues their Circumstances and _ Situation in life such as sets them above the suspicion of sinister or selfish views, and the many oppertunitys they have had of being acquainted with our moral Character from the Frequent Intercourse with us Which their profession Necessarly engages them in Constitutes them very Computent Judges of it can it then be reasonable to suppose that Gentlemen of suchas they are, should so far forget the duty they owe to themselves and to society as warmly to recommend the fixing of a Seminary (In which it will be necessary to Incultivate virtue and morallity as much If not more by example than Precept) In the midst of a People of a reputed Immoral Character such a supposition would be altogether absurd and we should think ourselves Justifyed in resting on their Recommendation only as a sufficient vindication of our Character against the uncharitable and unjust anamadversions of designing men but duty and the Justice we owe to our Constituents obliges us to declare that the Present Majestracey of this Place in pursuit of the principals laid down by their predessessors make it the first object of their attention to Inspire their Constituents with the Loue of Virtue and the abhorrence of vice to this end they discourage whatever may tend to Corrupt the manners or debauch the morals of the people whilst at the same time Encouragement is given to every Plan Cultivated for their happiness actuated by these principals we readily .embraced yours and rejoiced in the fair Prospect that such an Establishment amongst us Promised additional oppertunitys of advanceing the Education of our youth all what we ardently wish and therefore what we Could Give we offered with the utmost Good will, if our Good Intentions already are or should be prustrated by the selfish views of designing persons we shall be Equally sorry on our own account ason theirs whom they deceive Haveing been already explicet in our former letters on the advantages that the school would reap by being in the vicinity of the City we shall be silent on that head and make only remark to obviate the difficulty you mention on account of a supposed want of opportunitys to instruct the Indian Children In Agriculture and the Manuel Arts that the Immediate Environs of this City

them are all of distinguished Characters Emminent for Cherishing and Cultivating the Social Virtues their Circumstances and _ Situation in life such as sets them above the suspicion of sinister or selfish views, and the many oppertunitys they have had of being acquainted with our moral Character from the Frequent Intercourse with us Which their profession Necessarly engages them in Constitutes them very Computent Judges of it can it then be reasonable to suppose that Gentlemen of suchas they are, should so far forget the duty they owe to themselves and to society as warmly to recommend the fixing of a Seminary (In which it will be necessary to Incultivate virtue and morallity as much If not more by example than Precept) In the midst of a People of a reputed Immoral Character such a supposition would be altogether absurd and we should think ourselves Justifyed in resting on their Recommendation only as a sufficient vindication of our Character against the uncharitable and unjust anamadversions of designing men but duty and the Justice we owe to our Constituents obliges us to declare that the Present Majestracey of this Place in pursuit of the principals laid down by their predessessors make it the first object of their attention to Inspire their Constituents with the Loue of Virtue and the abhorrence of vice to this end they discourage whatever may tend to Corrupt the manners or debauch the morals of the people whilst at the same time Encouragement is given to every Plan Cultivated for their happiness actuated by these principals we readily .embraced yours and rejoiced in the fair Prospect that such an Establishment amongst us Promised additional oppertunitys of advanceing the Education of our youth all what we ardently wish and therefore what we Could Give we offered with the utmost Good will, if our Good Intentions already are or should be prustrated by the selfish views of designing persons we shall be Equally sorry on our own account ason theirs whom they deceive Haveing been already explicet in our former letters on the advantages that the school would reap by being in the vicinity of the City we shall be silent on that head and make only remark to obviate the difficulty you mention on account of a supposed want of opportunitys to instruct the Indian Children In Agriculture and the Manuel Arts that the Immediate Environs of this City

THE SIX NATIONS. 379

are Inhabited by farmers whom if we may be allowed to Judge of their skill Industry and Occonomy from the affluence of their Circumstances acquired only by Husbandry, we shall not hesitate to rank them in the first class of husbandmen and as these Children will not require to be taught any other manual arts then such as will serve towards procureing the immediate necessarys and more Simple Conveniencies of life these too may both be obtained in this City. We could have wished that your son and the Reverend Mr Pomory had Communicated to us the Intention of their Journey when they were here at the time you mention they would have had no reason: to Complain of any Coldness in us nor indeed can we be Charged with any as we do not know that those Gentlemen were ever here otherwise then by your Letter.

We thank you Sir for those sentiments of good will that you Express to Entertain for us we hope you will have no occasion to Change them and we should be happy to have you in this Neighberhood that you might experience repeated Instances of our's towards you. .

We have read your published account of the School since its beginning it has confirmed our opinion that your whole Conduct has been with a view to Promote religion and the happiness of . mankind may God In whose holy worship you are attempting to instruct the uninformed Savages Crown all your endeavors with success and Give you to see the accomplishment of your Good work and when it shall Please him as the supreame disposer of all things may you depart hence in his peace

We have read your published account of the School since its beginning it has confirmed our opinion that your whole Conduct has been with a view to Promote religion and the happiness of . mankind may God In whose holy worship you are attempting to instruct the uninformed Savages Crown all your endeavors with success and Give you to see the accomplishment of your Good work and when it shall Please him as the supreame disposer of all things may you depart hence in his peace

We are Reverend Sir &

REV. MR. WHEELOCK TO THE CORPORATION OF ALBANY.

: Lebanon 8th April 1768. W: pful and hon? Sirs

Yours of March 9 Came Safe to hand two days, ago, in which I observe and gratefully acknowledge the unmerited expressions of your benevolence and respects towards me and your truely

.

o

380 PAPERS RELATING TO

generous dispositions towards this rising Institution.. I amsorry that my unguarded manner of expressing myself in a former letter respecting the objection so often made against fixing my school in the vicinity of your City (viz the bad morals of the place) was received in any other light than was simply and honestly intended : my design was only to advice you, that such an objection had been frequently and strongly urged ; and to Give you an opportunity to obviate the same's being further improved to the disadvantage of the design proposed I had not the least intention or disposition to reflect upon your City, or so much as express my own sentiments respecting that matter ; however the carless and ungaurded manner of my expression, naturally lead you to conceive, that which was very different from that entire friendship which wolly Governed me in, that matter, and which was so far from my intention that I never hada tho't or the least jealousy of my being so. understood, till I was informed of it by my Son, and since more fully by Mt Smith of New York, However I hope-that matter is now set right, and that you will Candidly ascribe it to that Crow'd of affairs, which obliges me relying upon the goodness of those to whom, I write, often to dismiss even Letters of iniportance, without such a review as I should otherwise think expedient. *

I amsorry that my unguarded manner of expressing myself in a former letter respecting the objection so often made against fixing my school in the vicinity of your City (viz the bad morals of the place) was received in any other light than was simply and honestly intended : my design was only to advice you, that such an objection had been frequently and strongly urged ; and to Give you an opportunity to obviate the same's being further improved to the disadvantage of the design proposed I had not the least intention or disposition to reflect upon your City, or so much as express my own sentiments respecting that matter ; however the carless and ungaurded manner of my expression, naturally lead you to conceive, that which was very different from that entire friendship which wolly Governed me in, that matter, and which was so far from my intention that I never hada tho't or the least jealousy of my being so. understood, till I was informed of it by my Son, and since more fully by Mt Smith of New York, However I hope-that matter is now set right, and that you will Candidly ascribe it to that Crow'd of affairs, which obliges me relying upon the goodness of those to whom, I write, often to dismiss even Letters of iniportance, without such a review as I should otherwise think expedient. *

Ishall take the earliest opportunity to transmit your letters, to the Earl of Dartmouth &c, and also. Cap» Lansing's generous proposal at Stoneroby

Ishall take the earliest opportunity to transmit your letters, to the Earl of Dartmouth &c, and also. Cap» Lansing's generous proposal at Stoneroby

It gives me sensible pleasure Gentlemen that your sentiments are the same with mine as to the expediency and propriety of proceeding, only with the advice and approbation of the Earl of Dartmouth, and the other Worthy Gentlemen of the Trust at home respecting the Place to fix this School.

Iam informed that some overtures are making to invite the settlement of this school in the Province of New Hampshire near Coos. ,

And by a letter from home, I understand, that Gen! Lyman is using his endeavours to have it. carried into his Government on the Ohio,

I have also lately heard that a new plan is forming to detain. it in this Government--what these PRGROsas will ripen to, I

THE SIX NATIONS. 381

cannot say, and how Gentlemen at home will have light to satisfie them, or what expedient they will think proper to obtain light. sufficient to act understandingly and safely in determining. the important point, I cant tell, I desire to do all on my part to be done, and submit it to and wait upon the Great Governor and disposer of all events to direct and determine the same according to his own holy and righteous will, ;

You may assure yourselves that the testimonials you have given me of your friendship are not the least among the many circumstances which would render the prospect of such a situation agreeable to me ; as I am with much esteem & respect

cannot say, and how Gentlemen at home will have light to satisfie them, or what expedient they will think proper to obtain light. sufficient to act understandingly and safely in determining. the important point, I cant tell, I desire to do all on my part to be done, and submit it to and wait upon the Great Governor and disposer of all events to direct and determine the same according to his own holy and righteous will, ;

You may assure yourselves that the testimonials you have given me of your friendship are not the least among the many circumstances which would render the prospect of such a situation agreeable to me ; as I am with much esteem & respect

Gentlemen : your most obedient and very humble Servant

ELeazon WHEELOCK. The W: pful the Mayor & Ald» of y® City of Albany .

REVD MR. BARTON TO SIR WM. JOHNSON.

Worthy Sir,

I suppose, before now, William has again seen his Native Soil, & delivered you my last Letter--I had such Expectations from this Lad, that I am sorry I could not prevail upon him to stay & prosecute his Studies a little longer; but he got so uneasy at the violent Proceedings in these Parts, that he apprehended himself in Danger indeed no Wonder!--Some People here are grown so insolent and daring, thatmany even of the Inhabitants themselves seem to dread the Consequences--The Spirit of Violence & Outrage flames not only here, but throughout several of the Colonies, and bends its Fury at present against the Bishops & the Church of England:--where it will end, God only knows. . .

I suppose, before now, William has again seen his Native Soil, & delivered you my last Letter--I had such Expectations from this Lad, that I am sorry I could not prevail upon him to stay & prosecute his Studies a little longer; but he got so uneasy at the violent Proceedings in these Parts, that he apprehended himself in Danger indeed no Wonder!--Some People here are grown so insolent and daring, thatmany even of the Inhabitants themselves seem to dread the Consequences--The Spirit of Violence & Outrage flames not only here, but throughout several of the Colonies, and bends its Fury at present against the Bishops & the Church of England:--where it will end, God only knows. . .

Ever since the Murder of the Canestogo Indians, their Plantation, called Indian Town of Canestogo, has lain open to waste, & to the Use, or rather Abuse of every bold Intruder--I lately

382 PAPERS RELATING TO

made some Enquiry about the Indian Deeds relating to this town, which I once saw in the Hands of some Persons, who "were suspected to be concerned in the Assassination of those hapless Wretches, & had the Pleasure to be informed that they had been collected by Capt McKee, & by him transmitted to you.

Now I humbly request the Favour of you to permit me to take this Plantation under my Care, and to sow one of the clear Fields untill it is claimed by, & wanted for the Use of the proper Owners--lI ask this Favour because the Land is convenient to me (being only seven miles from Lancaster,) and as Iliveinatown, where I-have no Land of my own near, & where Grain of every kind is sold at a most extravagant Price--I am likewise encouraged to make this Application as I am well assured that my Care of the Plantation, in preventing future waste & keeping off Intruders, will fully compensate for any Benefits I may reap from a little Crop; And I promise to resign it in good Repair whenever demanded by you or the Indians--If you should think proper then to favour my humble Boon, be pleased to appoint me a kind of Agent or Overseer to. take Care of this Place by a Certificate, or in any other manner which you shall deem better--I trust you will pardon, Worthy Sir, this Sollicitation--The Admission with which you have honoured me to your Favour & Friendship, leaves no Room to doubt but you will kindly indulge me the Freedom of this Address, & always allow me the satisfaction of declaring myself

Now I humbly request the Favour of you to permit me to take this Plantation under my Care, and to sow one of the clear Fields untill it is claimed by, & wanted for the Use of the proper Owners--lI ask this Favour because the Land is convenient to me (being only seven miles from Lancaster,) and as Iliveinatown, where I-have no Land of my own near, & where Grain of every kind is sold at a most extravagant Price--I am likewise encouraged to make this Application as I am well assured that my Care of the Plantation, in preventing future waste & keeping off Intruders, will fully compensate for any Benefits I may reap from a little Crop; And I promise to resign it in good Repair whenever demanded by you or the Indians--If you should think proper then to favour my humble Boon, be pleased to appoint me a kind of Agent or Overseer to. take Care of this Place by a Certificate, or in any other manner which you shall deem better--I trust you will pardon, Worthy Sir, this Sollicitation--The Admission with which you have honoured me to your Favour & Friendship, leaves no Room to doubt but you will kindly indulge me the Freedom of this Address, & always allow me the satisfaction of declaring myself

Your most obedient, obliged and Affectionate humble servant Tuo Barton.

The Hon>'e Sir William Johnson, Baronet.

P.S. As it might give some Offence to the Proprietary Agents that this Application was not made to them, I would beg to receive the Favour I ask, as if from yourself, who thought it necessary that this Plantation should be put under the Care and Protection of some Person who lived near it--May I hope for an Answer as soonas your Avocations will allow you to hear me.--Vive diu salvus & sospes!

The Hon>'e Sir William Johnson, Baronet.

P.S. As it might give some Offence to the Proprietary Agents that this Application was not made to them, I would beg to receive the Favour I ask, as if from yourself, who thought it necessary that this Plantation should be put under the Care and Protection of some Person who lived near it--May I hope for an Answer as soonas your Avocations will allow you to hear me.--Vive diu salvus & sospes!

THE SIX NATIONS. 383

This will be delivered to you by M* Clench, a Man of Property who resided many years in Reputation in this County, but now moves with his Family to the Mohawk River.

Endorsed "supposed in May 1768"

MR. JW. BROWN TO SIR WM. JOHNSON.

Schonactady, 5th of August 1768

Hond Sir

Our Congregation begs to know wether there is any reason to Expect M* Murray" soon here. if not if your Honour approves of it, we would give him an Invitation to come here, that if this place is agreeable to him and he to us. we will then Subscribe yearly as much as lies in our power for him, tho' IJ really think it will not exceed £40 this Currency but however if Mt Murray comes and you think him a person that [is] likely to promote Religion among us, we make no doubt but you will Sir: by recommending another Mission, to be added to this, or by some other means, make the terms agreeable to him we are now the more Anxiously Solicitious on this Head, as the Presbyterians are busee to get Mt Bay? among them I shall not make any appology for troubling your Honour with this Letter as it would betray a diffidence in your friendship for our Church which we have had too many Proofs. to admit a doubt of

Our Congregation begs to know wether there is any reason to Expect M* Murray" soon here. if not if your Honour approves of it, we would give him an Invitation to come here, that if this place is agreeable to him and he to us. we will then Subscribe yearly as much as lies in our power for him, tho' IJ really think it will not exceed £40 this Currency but however if Mt Murray comes and you think him a person that [is] likely to promote Religion among us, we make no doubt but you will Sir: by recommending another Mission, to be added to this, or by some other means, make the terms agreeable to him we are now the more Anxiously Solicitious on this Head, as the Presbyterians are busee to get Mt Bay? among them I shall not make any appology for troubling your Honour with this Letter as it would betray a diffidence in your friendship for our Church which we have had too many Proofs. to admit a doubt of

I am with the utmost Respect Sir. your Honour most Obedient Humble Servant J W : Brown

To the Honorable Sir William Johnson Bart

1 Reyd AtexaNpER Murray, Episcopal minister of Reading Pa. from 1763,4

to the breaking out of the Revolution, when all the Episcopal Churches in Pennsylvania' were closed. .He withdrew to England, in1778. Ep.

2 Rev. AnprEw Bay was a native of Ireland, and emigrated to Maryland where he married a Miss Hall. He belonged originally to the Newcastle Presbytery. He succeeded Mr. Hanna as Presbyterian Minister in Albany which charge he filled for the space of five years, or until about the date of the above letter. He next moved to Newtown, L.I. His name first appears as a member of the N.

to the breaking out of the Revolution, when all the Episcopal Churches in Pennsylvania' were closed. .He withdrew to England, in1778. Ep.

2 Rev. AnprEw Bay was a native of Ireland, and emigrated to Maryland where he married a Miss Hall. He belonged originally to the Newcastle Presbytery. He succeeded Mr. Hanna as Presbyterian Minister in Albany which charge he filled for the space of five years, or until about the date of the above letter. He next moved to Newtown, L.I. His name first appears as a member of the N. York Presbytery in 1774 by which body he was dismissed June 20th

384 PAPERS RELATING TO

HUGH GAINE TO SIR WM. JOHNSON

ON THE INDIAN PRAYER BOOK.

Sir

In searching Mr. Weyman's Papers after his Decease, a Number of the Sheets of the Indian Common Prayer that you employed him to print off, came to Hand, but ina very imperfect State: He had got as far as the 74th Page which completes only 9 sheets ; but as Part of several of the sheets are not to be found, the exact Number of each is as follows, viz

_A - - 280 sheets Dit ae}? G - -- 400 B - - 436 Bi- 4413 GH itimsy 390 © - - 460 F -(= 413 Bs2406

I have got all the Copy but what is in the Hands of the Revd. Mr. Ogilvie, who is very willing to assist in getting the Work completed, in Case you think proper to have the same carried on.

Weyman's Papers after his Decease, a Number of the Sheets of the Indian Common Prayer that you employed him to print off, came to Hand, but ina very imperfect State: He had got as far as the 74th Page which completes only 9 sheets ; but as Part of several of the sheets are not to be found, the exact Number of each is as follows, viz

_A - - 280 sheets Dit ae}? G - -- 400 B - - 436 Bi- 4413 GH itimsy 390 © - - 460 F -(= 413 Bs2406

I have got all the Copy but what is in the Hands of the Revd. Mr. Ogilvie, who is very willing to assist in getting the Work completed, in Case you think proper to have the same carried on.

I am informed Mr. Weyman had Money advanced him on account of the Common-Prayer ; I hope, if tis so, the Work he has done may make compensation, as there is nothing left to pay the many Hundreds he owes, and me among the.other Creditors the Sum of £300. ;

I am ignorant on what Conditions Mr. Weyman undertook this Job ; however if he has made any Bargain and you are

1775. In the records of the Synod of New York and Philadelphia, in May 1776, is the following minute :--

'The Synod renewed the consideration of Mr. Bay's appeal, and after mature deliberation, confirmed that part of the Presbytery's judgment which dissolves the union between Mr. Bay and his congregation; and with respect to the latter part of said judgment, the Synod are of opinion, that it would, have been proper to have recommended to the parties, to leave the settlement of all matters respecting the glebe and its appurtenances, to arbitrators mutually chosen ; and they ' further advise that if any disagreement should hereafter arise between Mr.

Bay's appeal, and after mature deliberation, confirmed that part of the Presbytery's judgment which dissolves the union between Mr. Bay and his congregation; and with respect to the latter part of said judgment, the Synod are of opinion, that it would, have been proper to have recommended to the parties, to leave the settlement of all matters respecting the glebe and its appurtenances, to arbitrators mutually chosen ; and they ' further advise that if any disagreement should hereafter arise between Mr. Bay and the congregation of Newtown, respecting said glebe and appurtenances, that they decide them in the same way." (Prime's Hist. of L.I. 304.) After quiting Newtown, Mr B. is supposed to have proceeded to Charleston, S. C. where his son, Elisha Hall Bay, was subsequently Judge. All his descendants reside in the South , except a daughter who married a British officer and settledin Nova Scotia. The Rev. Mr. Bay was Grand uncle of Dr, Bay, of Albany, Ep.

THE SIX NATIONS. 385

willing I should compleat the work, I am satisfied to abide by his.

Ido suppose the Number he intended to print must have ~been 500; if so, and that Number must be completed, the whole must be done over again ; but if 400 would suffice, that Quantity could be compleated by only reprinting the Letters A & H.

As this Matter entirely depends on you, whatever Orders you may think proper to transmit me, with regard to the same, shall be strictly observed by, Sir

willing I should compleat the work, I am satisfied to abide by his.

Ido suppose the Number he intended to print must have ~been 500; if so, and that Number must be completed, the whole must be done over again ; but if 400 would suffice, that Quantity could be compleated by only reprinting the Letters A & H.

As this Matter entirely depends on you, whatever Orders you may think proper to transmit me, with regard to the same, shall be strictly observed by, Sir

Your very humble Servant H. Garve.

New-York Aug. 26, 1768.

*," Huan Garne was an Irishman, and served 'his time to James Magee, printer, of Belfast. We learn from Thomas, that he came to New York in 1745, and worked as journeyman to Parker. His wages at first were a dollar anda quarter a week; he afterwards was allowed a trifle for board. To his credit it is stated, that even under these discouraging circumstances his economy and frugality were such that he saved money, and with the assistance of a friend imported a press and types, with which he opened a printing establishment about the year 1750, to which he added a Bookstore, in Hanover Square. In 1752, he commenced the publication of the New York Mercury. Having printed in his paper of Novy. 12, 1753, a part of the proceedings of the Assembly, he was brought to the bar of the House and reprimanded. He printed the Journals of the Assembly from 1691 to 1765, 2 y. fol., and in January 1768 succeeded Weyman as public printer. Sir Wm. Johnson, for whom he printed the Book of Common Prayer inthe Mohawk Tongue, patronized him, and in the collection of that Baronet's Mss. in the State Library, are a number of Gaine's letters, giving Sir William the earliest intelligence, and most of the current gossip of the day.

Having printed in his paper of Novy. 12, 1753, a part of the proceedings of the Assembly, he was brought to the bar of the House and reprimanded. He printed the Journals of the Assembly from 1691 to 1765, 2 y. fol., and in January 1768 succeeded Weyman as public printer. Sir Wm. Johnson, for whom he printed the Book of Common Prayer inthe Mohawk Tongue, patronized him, and in the collection of that Baronet's Mss. in the State Library, are a number of Gaine's letters, giving Sir William the earliest intelligence, and most of the current gossip of the day. He found it very difficult to navigate through the tempest of the Revolution. At first he removed his office and business to Newark, N. J. He, however, returned to New York, and resided in that city throughout its occupancy by the British. His Mercury was discontinued at the peace, after an existence of about 31 years. He obtained permission from the State Legislature to remain in the city after its restoration to the Americans. After which he confined himself to book printing, He was punctual in his dealings, of correct morals, and respectable as a citizen. He began life as a poor man, but by close application to business amassed a for: tune, He died April 25, 1807, aged 81 years --Ep.

Vou. rv. 25

386 PAPERS RELATING TO

SIR. W. JOHNSON TO HUGH GAINE.

Johnson hall Sept 8th 1768.

Sir

I have Just received your Letter concerning the Indian prayer book,which was put into the late Mt' Weymans hands, The Multiplicity of business prevented my Writing to him About it for some time past, Tho' I heartily wish it was Completed. I cannot recollect whether M* Weyman was Advanced any thing on Accot but believe not by me.

Vou. rv. 25

386 PAPERS RELATING TO

SIR. W. JOHNSON TO HUGH GAINE.

Johnson hall Sept 8th 1768.

Sir

I have Just received your Letter concerning the Indian prayer book,which was put into the late Mt' Weymans hands, The Multiplicity of business prevented my Writing to him About it for some time past, Tho' I heartily wish it was Completed. I cannot recollect whether M* Weyman was Advanced any thing on Accot but believe not by me. Neither do Iremember what were the conditions of our Agreement tho' to the best of my remembrance there was Something proposed in that way, but that so usefull a Work might not be Longer delayed, I should be glad you weuld inform me what would be the Expence of re-printing the Letters A. & H. so as to Complete 400 Copys (which I think may be sufficient) ina Good Legible Character & on Suitable Paper, if your Charge will Answer My purpose I shall then desire you to Compleat the Work, and shall by the favor of Mr Ogilvies Assistance which I make no doubt he will chearfully give on such an Occasion.

Please to send an answer to Sir I was to have abt 20 Books Your most humble Servant

neatly bound & Gilt.

M' Hugh Gaine.

--

HUGH GAINE TO SIR WM JOHNSON.

Fi New-York, Sept 17, 1768. ir

Your Favour of the 8th Instant I this Day received, and since my last to you have found a Memorandum among Mr Weyman's Papers, in the following Words;

Neither do Iremember what were the conditions of our Agreement tho' to the best of my remembrance there was Something proposed in that way, but that so usefull a Work might not be Longer delayed, I should be glad you weuld inform me what would be the Expence of re-printing the Letters A. & H. so as to Complete 400 Copys (which I think may be sufficient) ina Good Legible Character & on Suitable Paper, if your Charge will Answer My purpose I shall then desire you to Compleat the Work, and shall by the favor of Mr Ogilvies Assistance which I make no doubt he will chearfully give on such an Occasion.

Please to send an answer to Sir I was to have abt 20 Books Your most humble Servant

neatly bound & Gilt.

M' Hugh Gaine.

--

HUGH GAINE TO SIR WM JOHNSON.

Fi New-York, Sept 17, 1768. ir

Your Favour of the 8th Instant I this Day received, and since my last to you have found a Memorandum among Mr Weyman's Papers, in the following Words;

"In this Size [which is marked on a Sheet of Paper,] it will make 20 Sheets in 4to, which on account of the Difficulty of the Tongue or Language, cannot be done for less that 36s per Sheet, and Sir William must pay for the Paper besides, which will be

THE SIX NATIONS. 387

from 12s to 18s per Ream, and each Ream will scarcely make 450, the whole therefore will amount to £36: 0:0 for printing only: The binding also must be paid by Sir William."

"In this Size [which is marked on a Sheet of Paper,] it will make 20 Sheets in 4to, which on account of the Difficulty of the Tongue or Language, cannot be done for less that 36s per Sheet, and Sir William must pay for the Paper besides, which will be

THE SIX NATIONS. 387

from 12s to 18s per Ream, and each Ream will scarcely make 450, the whole therefore will amount to £36: 0:0 for printing only: The binding also must be paid by Sir William."

By the above agreement the reprinting the Letters A and H, will amount to no more than £3: 12:0, and the Paper I think not more than 4s.

I am very glad M: Weyman has had no money advanced him on account of this Work, as what he has done will serve to pay some Part of his Debts.

With regard to the Binding, I do suppose they will cost about 1s 6d each, and the 20 you want gilt, and I suppose in red Morocco, will come very high; however the whole shall be well executed, and on as easy Terms as possible, by Sir

: Your humble Servant : H. Garner. To Sir W™ Johnson, Bart.

,.!

MR. J. W. BROWN TO SIR WM. JOHNSON.

Schonactady Oct 19th 1768.

Honé Sir I Received your Interesting Letter, which I immediately Communicated the contents which regards the Church to the Vestry which made us all very happy, but as we want words to Express our gratefull Sentiments to you as we ought we must be silent we shall instantly sett about finishing the Church, tho I fear it will be too late in the season to Plaister the walls. According to order I have sent 1 Barrell of Rusk Branded on the Head E B which I hope is come safe to hand and am with the most gratefull Respect Hon¢ Sir Your most Obliged Hum?!

Honé Sir I Received your Interesting Letter, which I immediately Communicated the contents which regards the Church to the Vestry which made us all very happy, but as we want words to Express our gratefull Sentiments to you as we ought we must be silent we shall instantly sett about finishing the Church, tho I fear it will be too late in the season to Plaister the walls. According to order I have sent 1 Barrell of Rusk Branded on the Head E B which I hope is come safe to hand and am with the most gratefull Respect Hon¢ Sir Your most Obliged Hum?! Servant

J W Brown.! To Sir William Johnston Barnet.

1 We learn from Mr. L, H. Willard of Union College, that Jonn W, Brown was born in the year 1727; he came to this country from London and settled in Schenectady in 1748. He married a Miss Wemple, and left one son and two

388 PAPERS RELATING TO MEMORIAL OF REVD. MR. WHEELOCK.

To Their Excellencies Sir William Johnsen Baronet Superintendent of Indian Affairsin North America, Sir Henry Moore Esquire Governor of the Province of New York, Benjamin Franklin Esquire Governor of the Province of New Jersey and John Penn Esquire Deputy Governor of Pennsylvania, now convened at Fort Stanwix. The Memorial of Eleazer Wheelock of Lebanon in the Colony of Connecticut, Founder and Director of the Indian Charity School in-said Colony, humbly sheweth.

That said School was founded with a single view to promote the knowledge of the only true God, and our common Salvation, especially among the Savages of this Land; thereby to deliver them from their present miseries, make them good Members of Society, loyal Subjects to our rightful Sovereign, and especially cordial subjects to the King of Zion. and the Plan has sihce been well approved, and the School generously endowed by the Liberalities of his present Majesty King George the third, and

That said School was founded with a single view to promote the knowledge of the only true God, and our common Salvation, especially among the Savages of this Land; thereby to deliver them from their present miseries, make them good Members of Society, loyal Subjects to our rightful Sovereign, and especially cordial subjects to the King of Zion. and the Plan has sihce been well approved, and the School generously endowed by the Liberalities of his present Majesty King George the third, and

by many Noblemen and Gentlemen in Europe, as well as by | many charitably disposed People in America.--and much Labour and cost have been already expended to fit and qualify a number both English and Indians for Missionaries and .School-Masters among their several Tribes who are now or will soon be ready to enter upon their respective services, if suitable doors should daughters. After having passed evenly through the troubles of the revolution, in which he manifested very little interest, and arriving at an advanced age, he laid down to rest in 1814. The following is a copy of the inscription on a slab in St.

George's Church, Schenectady :--

3n Memory of JOHN W. BROWN Who departed this life, June 30 1814; aged 87 years.

A native of GREAT BRITAIN Came to Schenectady 1748; Where he remained untill his death; The founder and steady friend of this CHURCH.

THE SIX NATIONS. 389

be opened for their improvement therein. Some attempts have * also been already made among the Onoidas, and not without some encouraging Prospect that, their Lives and Manners may be soon formed to rules of decency, civility and religion.--Some endeavors have also been used by your Memorialists the last spring to introduce Missionaries and School-Masters among the Onondagas and Tuscaroras, which proposal they appeared to approve ; but suspended their full determination to comply with it; till they could have the concurrence of their Brethren of | other Tribes therein.

Some attempts have * also been already made among the Onoidas, and not without some encouraging Prospect that, their Lives and Manners may be soon formed to rules of decency, civility and religion.--Some endeavors have also been used by your Memorialists the last spring to introduce Missionaries and School-Masters among the Onondagas and Tuscaroras, which proposal they appeared to approve ; but suspended their full determination to comply with it; till they could have the concurrence of their Brethren of | other Tribes therein.

And your Memorialist, being now informed that all the Nations are summoned to meet upon the present public occasion, has judged it seasonable to improve the same for the purposes aforesaid, and especially as he hopes he may have the advantage of your countenance and Influence, therein; which he doubts not your compassion towards those miserable Creatures will constrain you cheerfully to afford to the utmost of your power if you shall think the Plan well devised to attain the end proposed. And he has therefore sent the Rev4 Ebenezer Cleaveland! and Mt Allen Mather on purpose to solicit your favour and assistance in this matter, by recommending to them the design of sending Missionaries and School-Masters among their several Tribes ; or by any other ways or means, which your great wisdom and prudence shall dictate--relying on your Candour and the Nature of the Cause to excuse the freedom and boldness herein assumed by him, who is with highest Esteem

and Respect, May it please your Excellencies,

And he has therefore sent the Rev4 Ebenezer Cleaveland! and Mt Allen Mather on purpose to solicit your favour and assistance in this matter, by recommending to them the design of sending Missionaries and School-Masters among their several Tribes ; or by any other ways or means, which your great wisdom and prudence shall dictate--relying on your Candour and the Nature of the Cause to excuse the freedom and boldness herein assumed by him, who is with highest Esteem

and Respect, May it please your Excellencies,

Your most obedient and most humble servant ELeazer WHEELOCK. Dated at Lebanon October 16th A. D. 1768

1 Rev. Epenezer CLEAVELAND was born at Canterbury, Conn., in the year 1726. He studied at Yale College. While at home, during a vacation in 1744, he attended a dissenting meeting for which he was brought to an account on his return. He pleaded that he was, with his parents, a member of the church. This excuse would not be received and he was expelled. This extreme proceeding called forth much public indignation. Ie received his degree in 1749, and died minister of. Gloucester, July 4th, 1805, aged 79 years. --ALLEN.

390 PAPERS RELATING TO

CAVEAT OF TWO N. E. MISSIONARIES.

AGAINST HIS MAJESTY'S ORDERS TO SIR WM. JOHNSON.

To the Honble Sir William dip Superint of the Six Nations &¢

Your Excellency having receiv'd a Letter lately from the tev' Dr E, Wheelock as also seen his Instructions for propegateing the Gospel among the Indss &c. Pursuant wherunto These are humbly to desire & importune your Excellency, That in as much as your Excellency hath been pleased more publicly, & privately to manifest an approbation, & goodliking to the Drs plan, and laudable design of propegateing the glorious Gospel among the Ind®s, under your Excellencies Superintendency : so your Excellency would please Still to countenance, & encourage the truely noble design.

Your Excellency having receiv'd a Letter lately from the tev' Dr E, Wheelock as also seen his Instructions for propegateing the Gospel among the Indss &c. Pursuant wherunto These are humbly to desire & importune your Excellency, That in as much as your Excellency hath been pleased more publicly, & privately to manifest an approbation, & goodliking to the Drs plan, and laudable design of propegateing the glorious Gospel among the Ind®s, under your Excellencies Superintendency : so your Excellency would please Still to countenance, & encourage the truely noble design. And in order to prosecute the same to effect, that your Excellency (as a tender Father to these perishing Indians) Ww ould be pleased, of your most generous & benevolent disposition, 80 to befriend their cause, aS to prevent their setting themselves off from their Lands ; therby to frusterate the afors¢ design of propegateing the Gospel among them, which undoubtedly will be the Sad consequence of their so doing, that this efiect may not hap'en, your Excellency is humbly desir'd to restrict the Bounds of the respective Provinces, that they may not be extended So far North & west, as to'cut off the Lands & Inheritances of the Natives : but that they possess & enjoy them for their own private Temporal use; and that more Sacred benefit of propegateing the knowlege of the great Saviour of the - world among them, that so, by the Grace of God, they may have a further Becsoctanity of a more general offer of the Gospel to them. And for this end, that your Excellency would be pleased to recommend, out of your clemency, and goodness, the above design of propegateing the Gospel among them, To the Heads & Chiefs of the Nations that may be present. at this "Congress And finally, that we may have an oppertunity, by order of your Excellency, to lay the same before the Heads & chiefs that may be here.

And in order to prosecute the same to effect, that your Excellency (as a tender Father to these perishing Indians) Ww ould be pleased, of your most generous & benevolent disposition, 80 to befriend their cause, aS to prevent their setting themselves off from their Lands ; therby to frusterate the afors¢ design of propegateing the Gospel among them, which undoubtedly will be the Sad consequence of their so doing, that this efiect may not hap'en, your Excellency is humbly desir'd to restrict the Bounds of the respective Provinces, that they may not be extended So far North & west, as to'cut off the Lands & Inheritances of the Natives : but that they possess & enjoy them for their own private Temporal use; and that more Sacred benefit of propegateing the knowlege of the great Saviour of the - world among them, that so, by the Grace of God, they may have a further Becsoctanity of a more general offer of the Gospel to them. And for this end, that your Excellency would be pleased to recommend, out of your clemency, and goodness, the above design of propegateing the Gospel among them, To the Heads & Chiefs of the Nations that may be present. at this "Congress And finally, that we may have an oppertunity, by order of your Excellency, to lay the same before the Heads & chiefs that may be here. And in so doing, your Excellency will . not onely gain further just esteem, and deserved thanks of all that - wish well to this. most Christian design ; but. the blessing of

And for this end, that your Excellency would be pleased to recommend, out of your clemency, and goodness, the above design of propegateing the Gospel among them, To the Heads & Chiefs of the Nations that may be present. at this "Congress And finally, that we may have an oppertunity, by order of your Excellency, to lay the same before the Heads & chiefs that may be here. And in so doing, your Excellency will . not onely gain further just esteem, and deserved thanks of all that - wish well to this. most Christian design ; but. the blessing of

THE SIX NATIONS. 391

many ready to perish will come upon your Excellency in this present world, and in the world to come, thro' ye Grace of God, life everlasting which is the unfeigned desire, & constant Prayer of your Excellencys most obliged Humble Servants -- ene my missionaries Dated Fort Stanwix October 17? 1768

*," Rev. Davin Avery, after his return from Fort Stanwix, graduated at Yale College and went in 1771 to preach to the Indians on Long Island. He was ordained at Hanover 29th August 1771 as assistant to the Revd Mr. Kirtland at Oneida whither he immediately proceeded. After spending a year there he was obliged to abandon the Mission, in consequence of the Indians in that quarter being entirely disinclined to receive a second Missionary or school Master. This cause added to hig ill health, discouraged Mr. Avery so much that he returned to Dartmouth. '

Davin Avery, after his return from Fort Stanwix, graduated at Yale College and went in 1771 to preach to the Indians on Long Island. He was ordained at Hanover 29th August 1771 as assistant to the Revd Mr. Kirtland at Oneida whither he immediately proceeded. After spending a year there he was obliged to abandon the Mission, in consequence of the Indians in that quarter being entirely disinclined to receive a second Missionary or school Master. This cause added to hig ill health, discouraged Mr. Avery so much that he returned to Dartmouth. '

REVD MR JOHNSON TO SIR W. JOHNSON.

Sir

May it please your Excellency To informe the Indian Chiefs here present that the Reasons why I was not present at the First opening of the Congress. Was partly oweing to my being unwell that day and partly by misinformation of the Time when upon my hearing of the Condolence &c I much regretted my absence and especially since I have heard some ill improvement has been already made of it by Monsir Mountour which may possibly yea probably prejudice the minds of the Indians against me & even the Protestant Religion which Sir is very affecting & grievious to me & sundry others who have reminded me of it with concern--your Excellency will therefore please to let my Fathers & Brethren of the Indians know I Heartily Sympathize | with them & am greatly grievd & concernd that there should be , any impressions made on their minds of a contrary tendency | Let them, know I am a most sure & fast Friend to them and

Was partly oweing to my being unwell that day and partly by misinformation of the Time when upon my hearing of the Condolence &c I much regretted my absence and especially since I have heard some ill improvement has been already made of it by Monsir Mountour which may possibly yea probably prejudice the minds of the Indians against me & even the Protestant Religion which Sir is very affecting & grievious to me & sundry others who have reminded me of it with concern--your Excellency will therefore please to let my Fathers & Brethren of the Indians know I Heartily Sympathize | with them & am greatly grievd & concernd that there should be , any impressions made on their minds of a contrary tendency | Let them, know I am a most sure & fast Friend to them and

392 PAPERS RELATING TO

especially their Souls Salvation who am may it please your Excellency Your excellencies Hume Seryt.

Jacos Ws. JoHnson (Endorsed) Parson Johnson's letter

POSITION OF REY. MR. JOHNSON DEFINED.

To Sir William Johnson, Governer Franklin, The Rev4 Mr Peters, the Chief Justice Smyth, Coll. Johnson and the other Respectable Gent» of this Table. Health & prosperity to you all.

Jn as much as I am a minister of Christ, & my Work principally to preach the Gospel to the lower rank of people: I have not used my self much to the company, & converse of Gent" of the Civil & Military order especially in the pleasure and practice of drinking Healths, Loyal Toasts &c wherfore I may easily offend in this respect, with no ill meaning--And in as much as in drinking the Kings health yesterday, I used such terms, as to offend Col Johnson Mr Chief Justice, & it may be some others, In saying I drink the King of New Engé Health, the Health of the King, that hears our Prayers, &c I do hereby honestly, and before him that knoweth all things, protest, I had no other meaning then, or now, but what is express'd or imply'd in these words--I drink the Health of King George iii. of Great Britain &e--comprehending New Eng4 & all the.

Jn as much as I am a minister of Christ, & my Work principally to preach the Gospel to the lower rank of people: I have not used my self much to the company, & converse of Gent" of the Civil & Military order especially in the pleasure and practice of drinking Healths, Loyal Toasts &c wherfore I may easily offend in this respect, with no ill meaning--And in as much as in drinking the Kings health yesterday, I used such terms, as to offend Col Johnson Mr Chief Justice, & it may be some others, In saying I drink the King of New Engé Health, the Health of the King, that hears our Prayers, &c I do hereby honestly, and before him that knoweth all things, protest, I had no other meaning then, or now, but what is express'd or imply'd in these words--I drink the Health of King George iii. of Great Britain &e--comprehending New Eng4 & all the. British Colonies & provinces in North America. And I mean to drink such a Health to his British Majesty, when occasion serves, so long as his Royal Majesty shall govern his British, & American subjects according to Magna Charta, or the great charter of English Liberties, and hears the prayers of his American Subjeets, when properly laid before Him--But in case his Bitish Majesty (which God in great mercy prevent) should superseed & proceed contrary to charter rights & privileges, & Govern us with a Rod of Tron, & the mouth of Canons and, make his Little Finger thicker than his Fathers loyns, and utterly refuse to hear or consider our Humble prayers; then, & in that ease I should think it my:

And I mean to drink such a Health to his British Majesty, when occasion serves, so long as his Royal Majesty shall govern his British, & American subjects according to Magna Charta, or the great charter of English Liberties, and hears the prayers of his American Subjeets, when properly laid before Him--But in case his Bitish Majesty (which God in great mercy prevent) should superseed & proceed contrary to charter rights & privileges, & Govern us with a Rod of Tron, & the mouth of Canons and, make his Little Finger thicker than his Fathers loyns, and utterly refuse to hear or consider our Humble prayers; then, & in that ease I should think it my:

THE SIX NATIONS. 393

indispensable Duty to seek a retreat else where: or joyn with my Countrymen in Forming a New Empire in Ameriea, distinct from. & independent of the British Empire: agreeable to a projected, & predicted Plan ina late essay* which in Substance agrees with my mind in these things & if Iam not mistaken, with every true son of Liberty. Your Excellencies most Obedt Humle servt

: Jacog W §, Jounson.

Fort Stanwix octob, 20 1768.

"a late essay Intitled the Power & Gendure of Great Britain, Founded on the Liberties of the Colonies &c.

SEs

REV. MR. JOHNSON TO SIR WM. JOHNSON.

May it please Your Excelency

It is with some apprehension 'of Concern I write--I am sensible of the great. propriety of Your Excellencys forbidding the Ind»s intoxicating Spirits (at this Time)--and besides the other Ind2 in gen!!, It may be observ'd the Seneca's who have been a great while in coming--come arm'd--while we at the Fort & round about are naked--& defenceless--They have also (it is s¢) their Romish Priests among them: who hold it meritorious to kill Hereticks (as they cal] us) And our sins and provocations may incense Heaven to let them lose at unawares upon us; if the utmost care, & precaution be not taken--which your Excellency in his superior Wisdom will doubtless well consider--& give orders accordingly.

It is with some apprehension 'of Concern I write--I am sensible of the great. propriety of Your Excellencys forbidding the Ind»s intoxicating Spirits (at this Time)--and besides the other Ind2 in gen!!, It may be observ'd the Seneca's who have been a great while in coming--come arm'd--while we at the Fort & round about are naked--& defenceless--They have also (it is s¢) their Romish Priests among them: who hold it meritorious to kill Hereticks (as they cal] us) And our sins and provocations may incense Heaven to let them lose at unawares upon us; if the utmost care, & precaution be not taken--which your Excellency in his superior Wisdom will doubtless well consider--& give orders accordingly. As the Scituation of affairs wear a most threatning aspect (at this juncture) so I ean't but think it a time to be serious, if there be any such Time: And in this Spirit I write to your Excellency. If my apprehensions are groundless, I shou'd be glad, & ask your Excellencies forgiveness--who am with all due Respect your Excelly,

obedt Humle Servt

Fort Stanwix octobr 22 1768. Jacozn Ws Jounson.

P. S. As I am aseer, I may be knowing to some things--Your Excellency possibly may not--which occasions me thus to write-- '

394 PAPERS. RELATING TO

REY. MR JOHNSON TO THE COMMISSIONERS.

To Sir W™ Johnson Governour Franklin Col Grahom Col] Butler and. other Respectable Gent» Intrested & concerned at their Congress

Honle & Respectable As I am here in behalfe of Dt Wheelock in the cause of Propegateing the Gospel among the Indians of these Nations I must

As I am aseer, I may be knowing to some things--Your Excellency possibly may not--which occasions me thus to write-- '

394 PAPERS. RELATING TO

REY. MR JOHNSON TO THE COMMISSIONERS.

To Sir W™ Johnson Governour Franklin Col Grahom Col] Butler and. other Respectable Gent» Intrested & concerned at their Congress

Honle & Respectable As I am here in behalfe of Dt Wheelock in the cause of Propegateing the Gospel among the Indians of these Nations I must

be Faithful To let you know that whereas the Dt Especially &

some others with him have laid out much Labor & cost with a

view to spread the Gospel among the Indians we are extremely

loath to see the cause dye under our hands and a furid at Home of above £12000 Sterling that was raised by Noble generous & charatable benefactors and additions therunto in this country be lost or diverted from the design of the Doners which we Imagin must be in whole or in great part if the Indians & especially

these Onoida's yield up their Lands We therfore ask that a

Door may be kept open fo them where the Gospel has been

preached and Schools set up that we may know where to find

them & not have to ramble all over the world after them or

Find them vassals on other mens Land And as we propose to

propegate the Gospel in the most open christian & catholick

manner imaginable we are quite unwilling to be circumvented in any way whatsoever being assured our Design is good whatever our success may be And therfore pray you most Honle

preached and Schools set up that we may know where to find

them & not have to ramble all over the world after them or

Find them vassals on other mens Land And as we propose to

propegate the Gospel in the most open christian & catholick

manner imaginable we are quite unwilling to be circumvented in any way whatsoever being assured our Design is good whatever our success may be And therfore pray you most Honle

Gent» duely & deeply to consider & weigh the Cause not for

man but for God to whom you & I must soon give an account.

I am ready to confer with any of you Gen™ & others who would

know farther of these things or would make any Proposals about

them which I have thus in gen!! hinted at who am with all due Respect yours Jacop Ws Jounson. Fort Stanwix octob 30 1768.

THE SIX NATIONS. 395

SPEECH OF REV. MR JOHNSON

INTENDED TO BE DELIVERED TO THE SIX CONFEDERATE NATIONS AT FORT STANWIX, 31st ocroBER, 1768.

Know Ye That Whereas The Rev4 Dr Eleazer Wheelock of Lebanon in the Colony of Connecticut in New England Minister of Jesus Christ is about to Set up a College or Great School for the benefit of the Indians which generous & good design is favourd by your Royal Father the King of Great Britain The Ear] of Dartmouth together with many wise as well as great & good men And a place is now Searching out whearon to set up sd College and many great offers made in Lands & Monies wherwith to endow s4 College in several of the neighbouring English Goverments but no place resolv'd upon as yet to set up sd College.--

Know Ye That Whereas The Rev4 Dr Eleazer Wheelock of Lebanon in the Colony of Connecticut in New England Minister of Jesus Christ is about to Set up a College or Great School for the benefit of the Indians which generous & good design is favourd by your Royal Father the King of Great Britain The Ear] of Dartmouth together with many wise as well as great & good men And a place is now Searching out whearon to set up sd College and many great offers made in Lands & Monies wherwith to endow s4 College in several of the neighbouring English Goverments but no place resolv'd upon as yet to set up sd College.--

These are therfore to ask of you Fathers & Brethren if it be your minds and what you would choose to appropriate & devote acertain tract of your Land or country for this great & good purpose on or near The Mohawk River or wherever you in your Wisdom may think most convenient of such extent and worth as may be sufficient with what monies & other Benefactions & Charities may be given to endow s4 College That it may be of a most Public & extensive use & benefit to the several Nation of Indians And this proposal is made with no view to acqnire your Lands for any private use of any person or persons no Fathers & Brethren we dont want your Lands for ourselves but for this most public use & benefit to the Indian Nations if it shall be your Desire to have it set upon your Country rather than on the English ground and upon a Representation made herof to the Honle & Respectable Board of Trust in Great Britain They shall think it more expedient & better upon all views & considerations to set it in your Country rather than on the English Ground

These are therfore to ask of you Fathers & Brethren if it be your minds and what you would choose to appropriate & devote acertain tract of your Land or country for this great & good purpose on or near The Mohawk River or wherever you in your Wisdom may think most convenient of such extent and worth as may be sufficient with what monies & other Benefactions & Charities may be given to endow s4 College That it may be of a most Public & extensive use & benefit to the several Nation of Indians And this proposal is made with no view to acqnire your Lands for any private use of any person or persons no Fathers & Brethren we dont want your Lands for ourselves but for this most public use & benefit to the Indian Nations if it shall be your Desire to have it set upon your Country rather than on the English ground and upon a Representation made herof to the Honle & Respectable Board of Trust in Great Britain They shall think it more expedient & better upon all views & considerations to set it in your Country rather than on the English Ground

Your answer to the above Proposal is Desird By Jacob Ws Johnson Minister of Christ & Missionary to the Onoida Indians & others. .

396 PAPERS RELATING TO

HUGH GAINE TO SIR WM JOHNSON,

CONCERNING THE INDIAN PRAYER BOOK. Sir

Your favour of the 12th ultimo from Fort Stanwix, is now before, which I should have answered much Sooner, had JT not well known you were deeply ingaged in Business of greater consequence to your Country, and I rejoice to hear you have so happily succeeded in the same.

Your answer to the above Proposal is Desird By Jacob Ws Johnson Minister of Christ & Missionary to the Onoida Indians & others. .

396 PAPERS RELATING TO

HUGH GAINE TO SIR WM JOHNSON,

CONCERNING THE INDIAN PRAYER BOOK. Sir

Your favour of the 12th ultimo from Fort Stanwix, is now before, which I should have answered much Sooner, had JT not well known you were deeply ingaged in Business of greater consequence to your Country, and I rejoice to hear you have so happily succeeded in the same.

I expect to have the Prayer Book finished by Christmas, but as it will make several sheets more than was at first imagined, I am confident the Binders will expect 2s. instead of 1s6 for the plain Ones Please to let me know how many you'll want in Morroco Leather. I heard the Revd Mr Ogilsby say, he should have Occasion for a few neatly bound.

With Regard to the Price of the Printing I will only say this, that when the Bargain Mt Weyman made, is completed, the Printer will have but very little for his Trouble, and that there would be a much greater Benefitt resulting from English at half the Price. However I,want no more than what is reasonable which I am very certain you will allow me.

The Difference to me in an Impression of a 1000 or 400, with Regard to the Labour, would not have been £5 and should have been no more to you than that of the Paper, but now that is too late to be thought of.

With Regard to the Price of the Printing I will only say this, that when the Bargain Mt Weyman made, is completed, the Printer will have but very little for his Trouble, and that there would be a much greater Benefitt resulting from English at half the Price. However I,want no more than what is reasonable which I am very certain you will allow me.

The Difference to me in an Impression of a 1000 or 400, with Regard to the Labour, would not have been £5 and should have been no more to you than that of the Paper, but now that is too late to be thought of.

I have sent to Boston for a set of Hutchinson's History of Massachusetts-Bay, and there is not a gilt 4to Bible in this City to be sold, but I shall endeavor to get you one by the Spring, if I should run it by way of Falmouth, as we have all agreed not to send for any Goods this Winter. Iam your Very humble Servant

Huex Gainer.

New-York Noy. 19, 1768.

P.S. If any of the Common Prayers are to be sent to London, if they are sent in sheets in my Opinion it may do, as they can be bound there to satisfaction.

THE SIX NATIONS. 397

SIR W. JOHNSON TO GENL GAGE

TOUCHING THE INTRIGUES OF THE N. E. MISSIONARIES AT THE TREATY AT FORT STANWIX.

Johnson hall, Nov? 24 1768. Dear Sir,

[have now the pleasure to enclose you a Copy of the Indian Deed of Cession to his Majesty specifying the Boundary as also Extracts of the most material parts of the Transactions at the late Treaty. The Indians insisted 'on their Title to the Lands as far as the Cherokee River, which they Cede to the King and I was contented to admit it in the Deed & Transactions, notwithstanding any pretended Claim of the Cherokees, because it puts an End to the Claim of the Northern Indians, and leaves it only to be settled by the Cherokees shod the latter appear to have any Colour of a title thereto, Tho I am Confident they have no pretensions to Lands North of that River or beyond certain Mountains which I heard both the Cherokees and 6 Nations many years ago declare to be the true boundary between them.

The Indians insisted 'on their Title to the Lands as far as the Cherokee River, which they Cede to the King and I was contented to admit it in the Deed & Transactions, notwithstanding any pretended Claim of the Cherokees, because it puts an End to the Claim of the Northern Indians, and leaves it only to be settled by the Cherokees shod the latter appear to have any Colour of a title thereto, Tho I am Confident they have no pretensions to Lands North of that River or beyond certain Mountains which I heard both the Cherokees and 6 Nations many years ago declare to be the true boundary between them. The Indians were for Continuing the Line from Canada Creek in a manner which wod have been judged very disadvantageous to this Province and therefore we agreed to stop at the Mouth of Canada till his Majestys pleasure wod be known, when, as it is an affair in which only Two Nations are concerned I apprehend I can settle it reasonably and perhaps on much more advantageous terms.

It will be impossible for you to Judge in the least of my Trouble and the difficulties I had to overcome from the Extracts I have sent or indeed from a Copy of the whole, for the most Material Points are settled at private Congresses with the Chiefs of weh no minutes can be taken, and these I was engaged in Night & Day, for as we came to Argue the Continuation of the Boundary Northward from Fort Pitt, we had sev! disputes & the difficulties encreased in proportion as we went to the Northward and Came near the Settlements of the Six Nations or their dependts and to add to all this Two N. England Missionaries came up the one of whom was strongly recommended to me by

It will be impossible for you to Judge in the least of my Trouble and the difficulties I had to overcome from the Extracts I have sent or indeed from a Copy of the whole, for the most Material Points are settled at private Congresses with the Chiefs of weh no minutes can be taken, and these I was engaged in Night & Day, for as we came to Argue the Continuation of the Boundary Northward from Fort Pitt, we had sev! disputes & the difficulties encreased in proportion as we went to the Northward and Came near the Settlements of the Six Nations or their dependts and to add to all this Two N. England Missionaries came up the one of whom was strongly recommended to me by

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Dt Wheelock of Connecticut and did all in their power to prevent the Oneidas (whose property part of the Susquehannah &c is) from agreeing to any Line that might be deemed Reasonable They had even the face in opposition to his Majestys Commands & the desire of the Colonies to Memorial me Praying that the Inds might not be allowed to give up far to the North or West but to reserve it for the purposes of Religion,--and publickly declared to sev! Gentlemen there, that they had taken infinite pains with the Inds to obstruct the Line & would Continue to do so. The New Englanders have had Missionaries for sometime amongst the Oneidas & Oghquagaes and I was not ignorant that their old pretensions to the Susquehanna Lands, was their Real, tho' Religion was their assumed: object, but knowing that any steps I could take with these Missionss would from the Inds conceptions be deemed violent I treated them with silent contempt, Tho I think you should know these Circumstances, & the Government & public in Gen" should see ~ in what manner their favors & Indulgences are made use of by these Gentry of which I cod give many Instances being possessed of their secret instructions & many other very extraordinary papers. : |

The New Englanders have had Missionaries for sometime amongst the Oneidas & Oghquagaes and I was not ignorant that their old pretensions to the Susquehanna Lands, was their Real, tho' Religion was their assumed: object, but knowing that any steps I could take with these Missionss would from the Inds conceptions be deemed violent I treated them with silent contempt, Tho I think you should know these Circumstances, & the Government & public in Gen" should see ~ in what manner their favors & Indulgences are made use of by these Gentry of which I cod give many Instances being possessed of their secret instructions & many other very extraordinary papers. : |

The Reservations the Inds have made and every thing else necessary will I hope be confirmed & secured by Colony Laws, I have only at this time to add my Wishes that the Transactions at the late Treaty may be agreeable to you, & to assure you that I am With the greatest Truth & Regard.

: Dear Sir &c My last Letters were of the 18th & 20t of this month.

DR. SHUCKBURGH TO SIR WM. JOHNSON,

TOUCHING THE INDIAN PRAYER-BOOK.

N. York 28 Novr 1768. Sir

As T had often visited Mt Gaine abt the Inda Prayer Books I was w'h him this Day, he says all that he has to do wth them

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will be finishd in a few Days then will send them to the Binders so that in less than a fortnight you may have some of them up. I have made bold to tell him not to let any go out of his hands till you have the whole that you want, for he spoke as if Mr Ogilive would Expect some to send to his friends in England.

As T had often visited Mt Gaine abt the Inda Prayer Books I was w'h him this Day, he says all that he has to do wth them

THE SIX NATIONS. 399

will be finishd in a few Days then will send them to the Binders so that in less than a fortnight you may have some of them up. I have made bold to tell him not to let any go out of his hands till you have the whole that you want, for he spoke as if Mr Ogilive would Expect some to send to his friends in England. M® Gaine desir'd me to inform you that those that you woud have bound in Moroco Leather had better be sent in Sheet to England & bound there as 'twill be difficult to get that sort of Leather, Expensive, & the work not so neatly done as in England. y? Letter to Lord Hillsborough I gave to Mt Adams as I understood he had Liberty of sending y* Dispatches by a private Ship if none of ye kings Pacquets were here: there is a new Pacquet for y* kings us Comanded by Cap' Goodridge advertis'd this Day to go in December. Gen! Gage not yet returnd tis said he is by the Way on the Land Richardsis arriy'd in ten Weeks no material news can I gather from home or here. Iam wth due Respect to you & family y' most obligd & very hble Servt R4 Spuckgureg.

MR. BROWN TO SIR WM. JOHNSON.

Letter to Lord Hillsborough I gave to Mt Adams as I understood he had Liberty of sending y* Dispatches by a private Ship if none of ye kings Pacquets were here: there is a new Pacquet for y* kings us Comanded by Cap' Goodridge advertis'd this Day to go in December. Gen! Gage not yet returnd tis said he is by the Way on the Land Richardsis arriy'd in ten Weeks no material news can I gather from home or here. Iam wth due Respect to you & family y' most obligd & very hble Servt R4 Spuckgureg.

MR. BROWN TO SIR WM. JOHNSON.

Schonactady December 6th 1768.

Sir Bi

On the receipt of your Letter you hon' me with dated 24th October, we immediately wrote to Mt Murrey but have not yet recd an answer we could not go on at that time with Ceiling the Church as there was not one Plaisterer in Town, so concluded to stay till the Spring when Mauffet as Promised to do it, we shall give Mr Sutton the offer of the Joiners work as any recommendation from your Hont Ought and shall always be an agreeable command with us. but the way M* Davies and he proposes will Vastly exceed what we can pretend too, itgave me real concern that Mr Peters had left this place before we knew it which was owing to M' Clinch forgetfulness as he promised to acquaint me with his arival here as we intended to have return'd

On the receipt of your Letter you hon' me with dated 24th October, we immediately wrote to Mt Murrey but have not yet recd an answer we could not go on at that time with Ceiling the Church as there was not one Plaisterer in Town, so concluded to stay till the Spring when Mauffet as Promised to do it, we shall give Mr Sutton the offer of the Joiners work as any recommendation from your Hont Ought and shall always be an agreeable command with us. but the way M* Davies and he proposes will Vastly exceed what we can pretend too, itgave me real concern that Mr Peters had left this place before we knew it which was owing to M' Clinch forgetfulness as he promised to acquaint me with his arival here as we intended to have return'd

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him our gratefull thanks. I have talked with Collins very plain about the money which he collected for the use, of the Church at Fort Stanwix but he declares it is not more than twenty nine Shillings but if so he surely ought to have Acquainted your honour there with I am with the Most Dutifull respect Sir your Most Humbl Servant J W. Brown. To the Honorable Sir William Johnson.

SIR WM. JOHNSON TO GENL GAGES

Johnson hall Dect 10th 1768. Dear Sir

I wrote you yesterday by Major Gorham,.This Letter is addressed to you at the intreaty of the Bearer M: Adair, who I am informed was for many years a Trader of first consequence amongst the Cherokees &c. I believe his present Circumstances are very indifferent but he conceives he has a prospeét of some advantage in view from the Publication of a manuscript he has wrote on the Manners, Customs & History of the Southern Indians, tending to prove their descent from the Hebrews, which performance shews him a man well acquainted with the Languages, and very Curious in his Remarks, His design is to go for England and (if he may be allowed) to take some Chicksaws with him, & as none of that Nation were ever there he conceives it would be for the public advantage to Shew them the greatness and power of the English.

I believe his present Circumstances are very indifferent but he conceives he has a prospeét of some advantage in view from the Publication of a manuscript he has wrote on the Manners, Customs & History of the Southern Indians, tending to prove their descent from the Hebrews, which performance shews him a man well acquainted with the Languages, and very Curious in his Remarks, His design is to go for England and (if he may be allowed) to take some Chicksaws with him, & as none of that Nation were ever there he conceives it would be for the public advantage to Shew them the greatness and power of the English.

I apprehend that your Patronage in whatever shape you may please to Countenance his design, is his principal object. If he is worthy of it in any degree my recommendation is needless-- His appearance may not be much in his favor and his voluminous Work may rather be deemed, Curious than entertaining, but he is certainly well acquainted with the Southern Indians,

1 Janus Aparr, author of the History of American Indians, London Ato, 1778.

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and a man of Learning-tho Rusticated by 30 years residence in a Wild Country--He thinks that I could serve him by mentioning him to you, and I hope that his importunity in consequence of that opinion will apologize for the Liberty I have taken in Giving you this Trouble.

ST Oo

SIR WM. JOHNSON TO THE REVD. WM. SMITH.

. Johnson Hall Jany 34 1769. ir The return of M* McClay affords me a good opportunity of answering your favor of last month on the subjects you mention on some of which M? Peters & I have conversed, and to whom I have wrote fully the other day as well concerning M* Murray, as of the Two Young men you mention for Orders your Sentiments on which I greatly approve. /

JOHNSON TO THE REVD. WM. SMITH.

. Johnson Hall Jany 34 1769. ir The return of M* McClay affords me a good opportunity of answering your favor of last month on the subjects you mention on some of which M? Peters & I have conversed, and to whom I have wrote fully the other day as well concerning M* Murray, as of the Two Young men you mention for Orders your Sentiments on which I greatly approve. /

'I long since informed the Society that if his Majestys permission was obt¢ I would use my Interest to get a valuable Tract of Land for the Church but have never since received any thing concerned it, I however lately secured a purchase made by myself for these purposes, & if the Society will use their Interest to obtain the Royal Grant, I will still endeavor to get a large purchase to the Northward where the Line is not yet Closed.

Mr. Barton and yourself may be well assured of my friendly 'regards, and of my inclination to do you any good office in my power, I am likewise Sensible of your care of my Son,and your good inclinations towards him, and wish I could obtain the Tract you require in a Convenient place. The Line as I before observed is not closed to the Northward so that Lands there must lye till his Majestys pleasure is known, and for the rest it is Ceded to the King by the late Treaty, so that it is hard to know what will be the Channell for Patents in future, and the fees here. are Extremely high--at the late Treaty nothing was done with regard to Lands but what related to the boundary, or had been before determined on, should any Tract answer that may be had on a reasonable lay, worthy your attention, I shall

The Line as I before observed is not closed to the Northward so that Lands there must lye till his Majestys pleasure is known, and for the rest it is Ceded to the King by the late Treaty, so that it is hard to know what will be the Channell for Patents in future, and the fees here. are Extremely high--at the late Treaty nothing was done with regard to Lands but what related to the boundary, or had been before determined on, should any Tract answer that may be had on a reasonable lay, worthy your attention, I shall

Vou. Iv. 26

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be very Glad to serve you in it. Iam much obliged by the honor done mein Choosing me a Member of the Philosophical Society, and altho' my Necessary Avocations must deprive me of pinch of the pleasure I might otherwise receive as one of that Body. I cannot but accept it with many thanks, heartily wishing that their Institution may be attended with that Utility to the public & Reputation to the founders which may be reasonably expected from the Transact»s of Gentlemen who apply themselves to studies of such Importance...

Be assured, Sir, of the perfect Esteem with which I am always. &c.

*,* Rev Dr. Siri to whom the above letter is addressed, was a native of Scotland and graduated at Aberdeen in 1747. He then immigrated to this country, and on being invited to take charge of the College in Philadelphia, returned to England and received orders in the church of England in December 1753. In May following he was placed at the head of the Philadelphia institution. He revisited England in 1759 when the degree of D.D. was conferred on him by the University of Oxford. After a life of much usefulness he died in Philadelphia, A.D. 1803, aged 76 years.

He then immigrated to this country, and on being invited to take charge of the College in Philadelphia, returned to England and received orders in the church of England in December 1753. In May following he was placed at the head of the Philadelphia institution. He revisited England in 1759 when the degree of D.D. was conferred on him by the University of Oxford. After a life of much usefulness he died in Philadelphia, A.D. 1803, aged 76 years. His works in 2 v. 8vo. are in the State Library. Ep.

JOSEPH CHEW ESQ. TO SIR WM. JOHNSON.

New London Janry 24th 1769 Dear Sir

Nothing could make me so happy as to hear of your health, ° indeed Iam Extremely impatient for this as I have not heard anything from the Hail since I left Albany.

I was at New Haven last week where the General Assembly. of this Colony were setting and heard Cole Dyer make his application to them for a Deed of the susquehanna Lands--in doing this he was pleased to say somethings that I knew were not true and informed several of the House of it & Could I have'stayed untill he Came out should have told him so--I have since heard the-Assembly did not Choose to give any Deed--One Keeny who says he has been a Missionary or Preacher, with the Indians has told many of them here that you have ordered all the dissenters

THE SIX NATIONS. 403

out of the Indian Country and will suffer none but Church men to preach to or have any thing to say to them--Numbers of the Saints have applyed to me I informed them that I heard the Seneca and Onondaga Sachems say none of them should Come amongst them untill the Oneida's grew better & Reformed their manners.

I was at New Haven last week where the General Assembly. of this Colony were setting and heard Cole Dyer make his application to them for a Deed of the susquehanna Lands--in doing this he was pleased to say somethings that I knew were not true and informed several of the House of it & Could I have'stayed untill he Came out should have told him so--I have since heard the-Assembly did not Choose to give any Deed--One Keeny who says he has been a Missionary or Preacher, with the Indians has told many of them here that you have ordered all the dissenters

THE SIX NATIONS. 403

out of the Indian Country and will suffer none but Church men to preach to or have any thing to say to them--Numbers of the Saints have applyed to me I informed them that I heard the Seneca and Onondaga Sachems say none of them should Come amongst them untill the Oneida's grew better & Reformed their manners.

Some Gentlemen that may be depended on who I have seen within these few days from Boston Report that the People there who were such Hero's in August & Sept. last are now under the most terrible apprehensions for fear of being Called to Great Britain by virtue of 1 Lord Chief Justices Warrant--for Calling & meeting at a Famous Convention and other matters of the same Nature--Some Letters from London Mention that Lord George Sackvile is talk't of to succeed Mt Barnard I have sent you with the Boston papers one Published in this Town which I think a very curious one indeed I can't help being of opinion that the Resolutions of this Parliment will put a stop to many things of this sort.

Some Gentlemen that may be depended on who I have seen within these few days from Boston Report that the People there who were such Hero's in August & Sept. last are now under the most terrible apprehensions for fear of being Called to Great Britain by virtue of 1 Lord Chief Justices Warrant--for Calling & meeting at a Famous Convention and other matters of the same Nature--Some Letters from London Mention that Lord George Sackvile is talk't of to succeed Mt Barnard I have sent you with the Boston papers one Published in this Town which I think a very curious one indeed I can't help being of opinion that the Resolutions of this Parliment will put a stop to many things of this sort.

I have wrote two or three Letters to Col° Croghan but! nave not had an answer--hope my good friends in the Neighbourhood of Fort Johnson are very well also those at the Hall and beg my Respects to them--M's Chew presents hers to you and I offer all the good wishes in my Power for your health & Happiness and am most sincerely and Respectfully

Dear Sir your most Obedt & Most Hble Servt ; Jos Curw. Tne Hont!le Sir W™ Johnson Bart.

SIR WM. JOHNSON TO REV. DR. AUCHMUTY.

Johnson Hall Jany 25th 1769. Sir I am to thank you for your favor of the 4th Inst, and for the particulars you communicated concerning the Conduct of the

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Gentleman & party therein mentioned, relative to which I by. the same post received some farther accounts of a personal Nature which obliged me on his lately applying for my Interest at the ensuing Election, to address him particularly on, the score of the Liberties I heard he had taken, which in a letter in Answer he denys and explains his Conduct in that matter, however I shall take the first opportunity. to.

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Gentleman & party therein mentioned, relative to which I by. the same post received some farther accounts of a personal Nature which obliged me on his lately applying for my Interest at the ensuing Election, to address him particularly on, the score of the Liberties I heard he had taken, which in a letter in Answer he denys and explains his Conduct in that matter, however I shall take the first opportunity. to. Let him know something more of my Mind;--

As to the present Election It was appointed so Suddenly by the Sheriff that it was impossible to Collect the Voters of this extensive County particularly as the roads are so bad & the Rivers impassible it being a very uncommon Season in these parts, besides I find no other persons inclined to set up, and as to my Son tho' he is very much obliged to his friends for the desire they Express in his: favor, itis a, Station he by no means inclines to. Iimagine that thenew Assembly does not promise long duration for if they take the same affair in hands I presume the Gov" will be obliged to dissolve them unless these matters are settled at home in the interim. There will probably be more time given should there be another Election soon, & some persons may start up as Candidates worthy encouragemt, but I have had such long Experience of the Views and Interests of some partys amongst you, that I imagine one or two Members from hence however otherwise inclined would prove of little service as to any thing to be done in the House, particularly as to politicks, in Matters of Religion indeed, the Church of England is on so respectable a footing at New York that I hope & have reason to think it will now Succeed & that it will Extend itself and flourish, to which any Consistent endeavors of mine that might be at all deemed necessary should not be wanting.

There will probably be more time given should there be another Election soon, & some persons may start up as Candidates worthy encouragemt, but I have had such long Experience of the Views and Interests of some partys amongst you, that I imagine one or two Members from hence however otherwise inclined would prove of little service as to any thing to be done in the House, particularly as to politicks, in Matters of Religion indeed, the Church of England is on so respectable a footing at New York that I hope & have reason to think it will now Succeed & that it will Extend itself and flourish, to which any Consistent endeavors of mine that might be at all deemed necessary should not be wanting. As to the person you particularly Mention he applied to me at his first entrance into the House, & as I had nothing then to urge against him, I made no Stirr, nor had he any opponents, If his Conduct since will Justify me I shall at another opportunity do what is needfull,.as I have the pleasure to find that a Conduct which gives me inward satisfaction has produced me an Influence ; & Interest in this Country of which it is not in their power. to deprive me, and of which I shall never,make. an ill use.

THE SIX NATIONS. 405

HUGH GAINE TO SIR W™ JOHNSON INDIAN PRAYER BOOK COMPLETED. Sir

This yowll receive by Col]. Croghan, who will at the same Time deliver you one of the Indian Common Prayers: Agreeable to my Promise I had them compleated by Christmass, and they are now in the Hands of the Binders, and I expect to have them ready to send up by the first Sloops that go up in the Spring.

THE SIX NATIONS. 405

HUGH GAINE TO SIR W™ JOHNSON INDIAN PRAYER BOOK COMPLETED. Sir

This yowll receive by Col]. Croghan, who will at the same Time deliver you one of the Indian Common Prayers: Agreeable to my Promise I had them compleated by Christmass, and they are now in the Hands of the Binders, and I expect to have them ready to send up by the first Sloops that go up in the Spring.

On Enquiry I found that no Books printed in the Colonies, could be sent to Great Britain, but at a very great Expence, and shall therefore endeavour to get 2 Dozen done here in Morroco, which I hope to get compleated to Satisfaction. The Bible and other Articles you wrote for shall accompany the Common Prayers.

The Rev4 Mr Ogilvie says he must have at least half Dozen of the Common Prayers, which he intends for some of his Friends in England. What must be done in this Case? I only wait your Orders, and am Sir

Your humble Servant

: H. Garner. New-York Feb. 2, 1769.

CHURCHWARDENS OF SCHENECTADY TO SIR W™ JOHNSON.

Schenectady 25th Febty 1769.

Sir

Ou Thursday last we Recd the inclosed Letter, by which you'll understand, that all our Expectations, as to M* Murray are at an End, you can't. immagine how the Disappointment affects us, and willbe attended with the Consequences of losing some part of our Congregation by their Joining the Dissenters, as they have provided themselves with a Gentleman who is much admired, And as we areata Loss how to proceed farther for the speedy provision of a Missionary , We make, bold to Crave your

Ou Thursday last we Recd the inclosed Letter, by which you'll understand, that all our Expectations, as to M* Murray are at an End, you can't. immagine how the Disappointment affects us, and willbe attended with the Consequences of losing some part of our Congregation by their Joining the Dissenters, as they have provided themselves with a Gentleman who is much admired, And as we areata Loss how to proceed farther for the speedy provision of a Missionary , We make, bold to Crave your

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Advice how to act. Last Fall when M* Brown was in New York The Revd Dt Auchmuthy told him in Case of a Disappointment with Mt Murray, that he donbted not but that (with your Approbation) he could procure us a Worthy Gentleman. We have the pleasure to inform you that we Waited on the Governour when last here and Received his subscription money, as also the sum of £3 5s from Coll! Morris. We are informed that M* Motfat will be up next Week to go on with the Church. We are with the Greatest Respect Sir Your most Obt & Humble Servants Martruew Lyne. Joun SHEE. THomas ARNOLD.

Jw. Brown. P. S.--Pray Excuse haste.

[Enclosure.]

& Reading 31 January 1769 ir

1 was favoured witha Joint Letter from you, Messrs Shee, Brown & Curry dated 24 Inst. But never Received the other you mention of Octr last, or woud not have failed so far in Duty & Kespect as not to have answered it immediately. Jn consequence of some Letters that passed betwixt Sir William Johnson & the Revd Dr Smith of Philad# I wrote the Society in January last for leave to Remove to Schenectady, & accordingly obtained their Consent Summer last: But hearing nothing in the Interim from the People as I expected from what Dt Smith wrote Sr William when I applied the Society, I was obliged to drop all farther thoughts of that Mission, & Signified to the Society in September last, that, as matters thus stood, they shoud not postpone the Settlement of iton my account.

Jn consequence of some Letters that passed betwixt Sir William Johnson & the Revd Dr Smith of Philad# I wrote the Society in January last for leave to Remove to Schenectady, & accordingly obtained their Consent Summer last: But hearing nothing in the Interim from the People as I expected from what Dt Smith wrote Sr William when I applied the Society, I was obliged to drop all farther thoughts of that Mission, & Signified to the Society in September last, that, as matters thus stood, they shoud not postpone the Settlement of iton my account. And since then I have entered into a married State, which woud make a Removal so far as to Schenectady very inconvenient, & the Salary there wou'd be very unequal to the Expence of supporting a Family : However Tam much indebted you for your kind Invitation, & sincerely

THE SIX NATIONS, 407

wish you may be soon provided in a Worthy Missionary, & am with all Gratitude & Esteem Sir Your most obliged and very Affectionate Friend & Servt Auex®? Murray.

PASS TO MESSRS DANFORTH & WILLARD,

Ol CAMBRIDGE TO OBSERVE THE TRANSIT OF VENUS.

By His Excellency The Honorable Thomas Gage, General and Commander in Chief of all His Majesty's Forces in North America, &ca, &ca, &ca,

To the officers Commanding at Fort Ontario, Niagara, Fort Brie, Detroit & Missilimakinak.

Wuerras, Mess's Danforth and Willard, Professors of the Mathematicks, are going to observe the transit of Venus in Lake Superior ; The officers commanding as abovementioned at and on the Communication to Missilimakinak, are required to treat them with all such Convenience as their respective Posts will afford, and to give all such aid and assistance, as may be in their Power to forward the abovementioned Gentlemen, their Attendance &ca with Dispatch from Post to Post to the Place of their Destination: And should any of the Vessels be out or not in readiness to progeed, upon their arrival at any of the Posts, they are immediately to be accommodated with Boats and proper Crews to row them across the Lake where this shall happen.

Wuerras, Mess's Danforth and Willard, Professors of the Mathematicks, are going to observe the transit of Venus in Lake Superior ; The officers commanding as abovementioned at and on the Communication to Missilimakinak, are required to treat them with all such Convenience as their respective Posts will afford, and to give all such aid and assistance, as may be in their Power to forward the abovementioned Gentlemen, their Attendance &ca with Dispatch from Post to Post to the Place of their Destination: And should any of the Vessels be out or not in readiness to progeed, upon their arrival at any of the Posts, they are immediately to be accommodated with Boats and proper Crews to row them across the Lake where this shall happen.

The otficer. wanna at Missilimakinak, is further required to acquaint the Indians, with the design of these Gentlemen proceeding to Lake Superior, to reconcile them to their Intentions and to prevent any Jealousy that might be conceived by them, either from their Errand, or the use ofthe Instruments they carry along with them : He is likewise to Inndeayor, to engage some of the Indians Inhahiting Lake Superior to attend them, and protect them. from any Insults that may be offered them, by

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any straggling Indians they may meet with on the Lake for which service the above Gentlemen will make the Indians who attend them a reasonable Present.

Given under my Hand and Seal

at Head Quarters in New York, fan Si]

The otficer. wanna at Missilimakinak, is further required to acquaint the Indians, with the design of these Gentlemen proceeding to Lake Superior, to reconcile them to their Intentions and to prevent any Jealousy that might be conceived by them, either from their Errand, or the use ofthe Instruments they carry along with them : He is likewise to Inndeayor, to engage some of the Indians Inhahiting Lake Superior to attend them, and protect them. from any Insults that may be offered them, by

"£98 PAPERS RELATING TO

any straggling Indians they may meet with on the Lake for which service the above Gentlemen will make the Indians who attend them a reasonable Present.

Given under my Hand and Seal

at Head Quarters in New York, fan Si]

this 17 Day of March, 1769

Tuos. Gace. By his Excellency's Command G. Marurin Jr.

*,.* Great preparations were made to observe the above Transit, (which was to take place on 3d June 1769,) as another would not occur until 1874. It was observed on this continent, by Samuel Holland, Esq. at Quebec; by T. Wright, at Isle au Coudre; by Prof. Jno. Winthrop, at Cambridge, Mass.; by Joseph Brown, 'at Providence, R. I.; by Rev. Dr. Smith, at Philadelphia; by Messrs. Biddle and Bailey at Lewiston, Del.; by John Leeds, at Annapolis, Md.; by Messrs. Wales and Dymond, on the N. W. coast of Hudson's Bay; and by Abbé Chappé at California. Dr, Harris of Cambridge informs me, that Tuomas Dan- ForTu, mentioned above, was probably the son of Hon. Judge Samuel Danforth, of Cambridge, (Saml. was son of Rey. John, of Dorchester, and Rev. John was son of Rey. Saml. of Roxbury--all distinguished for mathematical attainments,) --graduated at Harvard College, 1762, was Tutor there from 1765 to 1768, settled as a lawyer in Charlestown, Mass., and died in 1820.

W. coast of Hudson's Bay; and by Abbé Chappé at California. Dr, Harris of Cambridge informs me, that Tuomas Dan- ForTu, mentioned above, was probably the son of Hon. Judge Samuel Danforth, of Cambridge, (Saml. was son of Rey. John, of Dorchester, and Rev. John was son of Rey. Saml. of Roxbury--all distinguished for mathematical attainments,) --graduated at Harvard College, 1762, was Tutor there from 1765 to 1768, settled as a lawyer in Charlestown, Mass., and died in 1820. JoszpH Wixtarp graduated at Harvard College, 1765, was Tutor 1766 to 1772, and afterwards President of the College. He died in 1804. It is not known whether these gentlemen went to Michilimakinac; I can find nothing of their Journey thither in print --Ep.

PO >--_--__--------------

JOHN RAND TO REV. DR. AUCHMUTY.

Reverend Sir

Receiving Information that last Week you being in Company with several Rev4 Gentlemen: some one taking Occasion to speak of my being in the Province & of my Design with respect to A Living, there appeared in yourself & others, A willingness to countenance me in my undertakings. Verily S* there are no Favours which I so gratefully notice as those of this Kind. As to iny leaving the School at Rye, to engage in the same employ at Fort Johnson, I am pleased with the Motion,--maugre the Consideration of Salary in one Place & the other : hopeing that

THE SIX NATIONS. 409

my Removal thither may be favorable to my Design of entering into Holy Orders: for which office may I be better prepared--I Tam now engaged by the Rev' Mr Avery in the Service of the Society for propagating the Gosple in foreign Parts--from which Venerable Society I understand that you St have Instructions with Respect to Fort Johnson,--Now all things considered it is my Resolve with Respect to leaving Rye to hearken to yours & Mr.

my Removal thither may be favorable to my Design of entering into Holy Orders: for which office may I be better prepared--I Tam now engaged by the Rev' Mr Avery in the Service of the Society for propagating the Gosple in foreign Parts--from which Venerable Society I understand that you St have Instructions with Respect to Fort Johnson,--Now all things considered it is my Resolve with Respect to leaving Rye to hearken to yours & Mr. Avery's Advice and that no one have Occasion to repent of favor granted to me shall be the steady purpose of your humble servant Joun Rann.

Rye April 3.1769 | To the Revd D*. Achmuty

P. S. Rey4 Sir, in the above Letter you have Mt Rand's sentiments respecting Sir William Johnsons Request--Mr. Rand is complaisant enough to leave the whole affair to our judgment and will chearfully comply with our Directions, please therefore to act your own Discretion Jetting me know, very soon (by a Line) your Determination. kind Respects to Mts Auchmuty and Family conclude me, Rev Sir,

Your Friend and Brother | Erum Avery.1

REV. HARRY MUNRO TO SIR WM. JOHNSON.

Honourable Sir, Being just now returned from New York, I

beg Leave to send you inclosed a Letter from Doctor Auchmuty.

1 Rev. Epuraim Avery, of Pomfret, Conn., obtained the degree of A. B. from Yale College, and in 1767 received that of Master of Arts from the King's College, New York. His mother, it is said, was Deborah Avery, afterwards wife of John Gardiner, of Gardiner's Island, and subsequently married to Major Gen. Putnam. Mr. Avery succeeded Mr, Punderson as minister of Rye in 1765, and continued in charge of that church until the Revolution, when he became so obnoxious to the whigs that his horses were seized, his cattle driven off and his property plundered.

B. from Yale College, and in 1767 received that of Master of Arts from the King's College, New York. His mother, it is said, was Deborah Avery, afterwards wife of John Gardiner, of Gardiner's Island, and subsequently married to Major Gen. Putnam. Mr. Avery succeeded Mr, Punderson as minister of Rye in 1765, and continued in charge of that church until the Revolution, when he became so obnoxious to the whigs that his horses were seized, his cattle driven off and his property plundered. Ne died 5 November 1776. General Putnam's wife died in 1777, at Head quarters in the Highlands, and was interred in Beverly Robinson's family vanlt.--Boxron. ;

410 PAPERS RELATING TO

{am sorry that my unexpected Journey did put it out of my Power to wait on the Indians at Easter, as I intended, but my Business was so urgent, that 1 am persuaded you will readily excuse me. J shall be much obliged to you. Sir, if you will acquaint the Indians, that 1 am now ready to wait on them ; on Trinity Sunday, being the Twenty first of May. If that Day will not Suit, I will, wait Upon them on the Seventh of May, being the fe next before Whitsunday. You will please inform me by first opportunity, what time will be most Agreeable to you, & I will endeavour to come up accordingly ; but whitsunday you know, is a particular festival on which I must administer the Sacrement to my Congregation at Albany. very little News at New York; The Packet was not arrived. Mr Cruger is chosen Speaker in the Assembly, to the no Small mortification of a certain Party, who have lost Ground not only in New York, but in Philad* likewise have lately received a mortal wound. |

You will please inform me by first opportunity, what time will be most Agreeable to you, & I will endeavour to come up accordingly ; but whitsunday you know, is a particular festival on which I must administer the Sacrement to my Congregation at Albany. very little News at New York; The Packet was not arrived. Mr Cruger is chosen Speaker in the Assembly, to the no Small mortification of a certain Party, who have lost Ground not only in New York, but in Philad* likewise have lately received a mortal wound. |

Doctor Chandler has received several Letters from the Bishops

other dignified Clergy, approving of his appeal; He desires

'to present his best Respects to Sir William Johnson. He is

w publishing a Vindication of the appeal, and is to Send Sir

illiam a Copy.

Please to accept my best Respects, and am with great Regard

Honourable Sir, Your most Obedient Servant Harry Munro. Albany 12 April ? 1769. '

P.S. My best Regards, if you please, to Sir John, Col! J ohn

son, Co]! Claus, M*. Grace, & M* Dailey. adieu.

*,* The Rev. Harry Munro was born in 1729. He was the son of Dr. Robert Mubro of Dingwall whose father was Alexander, Munro, Laird of Killichoan, in Rosshire, grandson of Sir Robert Munro 3d baronet, and 24th baron of Fowlis in Inverness. His mother was Ann Munro of Peaceen a distant cousin of her husband. Being the second son of the Laird of Killichoan his father was bred a surgeon and in that capacity joined Lord Loudon's army in 1745, and died the next year from injuries received in that campaign, leaving two sons, Harry and Alexander Munro. Harry was then a lad of 16, & shortly after his father' s death entered the University of St Andrews.

His mother was Ann Munro of Peaceen a distant cousin of her husband. Being the second son of the Laird of Killichoan his father was bred a surgeon and in that capacity joined Lord Loudon's army in 1745, and died the next year from injuries received in that campaign, leaving two sons, Harry and Alexander Munro. Harry was then a lad of 16, & shortly after his father' s death entered the University of St Andrews. After taking the usual degrees of

THE SIX NATIONS. 411

HUGH GAINE TO SIR WM. JOHNSON.

Sir : Your favour of the 14th Instant 1s now before me. I am very sorry the Common Prayer Books could not have been sent sooner. The Fault was not mine, but the Bookbinders, out of whose Hands I could not get them before the Middle of March, and then only 283, which I sent you the first Instant, with all the other Articles you wrote for that could be obtained in this

acted

Bachelor, & Master of Arts, he studied Divinity in Edinburgh. In 1757 he was admitted to orders in the Kirk of Scotland, & appointed Chaplain to the 77th Regiment of foot commanded by Col. Montgomery ; he accompanied that regiment 'to America in 1759, and served with it to the close of the French war.

On the return of Peace he resided mostly at Princeton, New Jersey. A change uow came over his theological views, and he embraced episcopacy. He was accordingly recommended for orders by a Convention of the clergy of that denomination which met at Perth Amboy on 20th Sept 1764, and he sailed for England in the course of the month of December following. He returned to America the next Spring with an appointment from the Soc: for prop: the Gospel to St John's Church, Yonkers, of which he was the first Pastor--He was connected two years with this church, and. was appointed in 1767, Minister of St.

He was accordingly recommended for orders by a Convention of the clergy of that denomination which met at Perth Amboy on 20th Sept 1764, and he sailed for England in the course of the month of December following. He returned to America the next Spring with an appointment from the Soc: for prop: the Gospel to St John's Church, Yonkers, of which he was the first Pastor--He was connected two years with this church, and. was appointed in 1767, Minister of St. Peter's Albany, of which church he took charge on the 26 March 1768. In 1778, King's Coll ; New York conferred the degree of A.M. on him. In the summer of 1775, he resigned the rectorship of St Peter's on the alleged ground of ill health, and moved to Hebron in Washington County where he owned a considerable tract of

land. Like many other of the clergy of the church, he was considered at the commencement of the Revolution anenemy-to the liberties of America. Iie applied personally in Augnst 1776 to the Albany Committee for a Pass to go to New Jersey or Pennsylvania, but this was refused ; he obtained perinission, the following year, to remove to Canada and at the close of 'the war returned to Scotland, became Rector of a church at Edinburgh. where he died in the year 1801, aged 71 years. He is buried in the West Church yard of St Cuthberts church of that city.

'The Revd. Mr. Munro was married three times. His first wife was the widow of an ofiicer of his own regiment. She died in child bed within a year after their marriage, leaving one child named Hlizabeth, afterwards Mrs. Fisher, who died lately in Montreal. In 1762, the revd Mr. M, married Miss Stockton of Princeton N.

Iie applied personally in Augnst 1776 to the Albany Committee for a Pass to go to New Jersey or Pennsylvania, but this was refused ; he obtained perinission, the following year, to remove to Canada and at the close of 'the war returned to Scotland, became Rector of a church at Edinburgh. where he died in the year 1801, aged 71 years. He is buried in the West Church yard of St Cuthberts church of that city.

'The Revd. Mr. Munro was married three times. His first wife was the widow of an ofiicer of his own regiment. She died in child bed within a year after their marriage, leaving one child named Hlizabeth, afterwards Mrs. Fisher, who died lately in Montreal. In 1762, the revd Mr. M, married Miss Stockton of Princeton N. J. grand aunt, it' is apeea: of Com. Stockton, U. S. Senate. This lady died in the autumn of 1764, leaving an infant who survived its mother but a few weeks. On his removal to Yonkers in 1765, he 'married his third wife Eve, eldest. daughter of Ch. Just. Jay. This lady died 'in *1810, leaying one. son, Peter Jay Munro, a distinguished member of the bar, and one of the framers of the Constitution of this State of 1822. Peter J.M. died 2 22. Sept 1838, aged 66

years. Letter of E. F. De Lancey, Esq. © sl '

412 PAPERS RELATING TO

City. The Prayer Books that are to be bound in Morroco, must be delayed for some Time, as I must send to Boston for the Leather; and when compleated shall be sent with the account 'of the whole.

This lady died 'in *1810, leaying one. son, Peter Jay Munro, a distinguished member of the bar, and one of the framers of the Constitution of this State of 1822. Peter J.M. died 2 22. Sept 1838, aged 66

years. Letter of E. F. De Lancey, Esq. © sl '

412 PAPERS RELATING TO

City. The Prayer Books that are to be bound in Morroco, must be delayed for some Time, as I must send to Boston for the Leather; and when compleated shall be sent with the account 'of the whole.

The Laws of last Session were sent you by Post, as soon as finished, but T suppose have been lost by some Means or other in Albany: I by this Opportunity send you another Set, which T hope will go safe to Hand, as also the Votes to the 18th Instant, since which none have been printed, and shall continue the latter regularly by every Post.

Bayles General Dictionary is not to be had in this Place, but shall send to London for them as soon as we are permitted to import any Goods from that Part of the World. And am, Sir, in the mean Time

Your Obliged humble Servant H. Garne.

New-York April 22, 1769

JAMES ADAIR ESQ. TO SIR WM. JOHNSON.

Great Sire

Tho' Pm just on ye point of returning southwardly, by ye way of Philadelphia ; yet my gratitude & intense affection incite me to send you these lines in return for yt kindness to me at yt hospitable Hall; And for yt kindly patronage of my weak & honest productions, on y® Origin of ye Indian Americans. All ranks of ye learned, here, have subscribed to their being publish'd in London, a half year, hence; And y* two volumes, Octavo, wh they consist of, Ido myself' ye particular honour, from an innate generous principle, to dedicate to you & Sir Henry Moore ; For tho' he has not seen y® manuscripts, yet, on y® strong recommendations of ye Learned, he has patronised me, both here, and in ye Islands, and every where else, that his good' nature & philosophic temper cow'd think of.

All ranks of ye learned, here, have subscribed to their being publish'd in London, a half year, hence; And y* two volumes, Octavo, wh they consist of, Ido myself' ye particular honour, from an innate generous principle, to dedicate to you & Sir Henry Moore ; For tho' he has not seen y® manuscripts, yet, on y® strong recommendations of ye Learned, he has patronised me, both here, and in ye Islands, and every where else, that his good' nature & philosophic temper cow'd think of. My great Hybernian Meceenas as yo've approved of my Indian performance, from y:

THE SIX: NATIONS. 413

own knowledge and accurate observations, I'm fully perswaded, that, upon my solicitation, youw'll take some convenient opportunity to recommend me to ye notice of Lord Hillsborough, yr friends in Ireland, &. For, You know, I came from y¢ Southward, on purpose to apply to y* friendly mediation, of which General Gage has taken no notice, on account; as 'm informed by the Clergy, of certain (supposed) Stuart's principles. Opposition makes honest men, only, the more intent: and ther's a certain time for every thing; As y® two letters I did myself ye pleasure to write to you, from ys place, sufficiently indicate, according to my opinion.

Please to excuse ys' hurry'd-off scroll and to give my sincere & lasting respects to y™ honble extensive family, one by one ; and to accept the same, from,

Great Sire y* obliged, & very devoted Hble Servt

James Aparr. N. York April 30th ann 1769.

Opposition makes honest men, only, the more intent: and ther's a certain time for every thing; As y® two letters I did myself ye pleasure to write to you, from ys place, sufficiently indicate, according to my opinion.

Please to excuse ys' hurry'd-off scroll and to give my sincere & lasting respects to y™ honble extensive family, one by one ; and to accept the same, from,

Great Sire y* obliged, & very devoted Hble Servt

James Aparr. N. York April 30th ann 1769.

JAMES ADAIR ESQ® TO SIR W™ JOHNSON.

Sire,

About a month ago, I did myself y® pleasure of writing to you,, both in complyance to y* kindly request, and my own ardent inclination. And, now, I re-assume it, returning you my most hearty thanks, for your civilities and favours of each kind.

In a great measure, I ascribe to you my Meecenas, that ye Rev Mess's Inglis and Ogilvie, ye Professors of y® College, and a good many of ye Learned, here, including, in a very particular manner, the good-humourd, the sensible, the gay, ye witty, & polite, Sir Henry Moore, have taken me into their patronage ; Tho' 'm sorry to say, that Gent! Gage paid so little regard to y" friendly' letter in my behalf, as not to order his Aid de Camp to introduce me when I called to wait of him. Indeed he subscribed for two Setts of my Indian Essays and History : And so do several other Gent on account of their reputed merit ; for ye Learned applaud

In a great measure, I ascribe to you my Meecenas, that ye Rev Mess's Inglis and Ogilvie, ye Professors of y® College, and a good many of ye Learned, here, including, in a very particular manner, the good-humourd, the sensible, the gay, ye witty, & polite, Sir Henry Moore, have taken me into their patronage ; Tho' 'm sorry to say, that Gent! Gage paid so little regard to y" friendly' letter in my behalf, as not to order his Aid de Camp to introduce me when I called to wait of him. Indeed he subscribed for two Setts of my Indian Essays and History : And so do several other Gent on account of their reputed merit ; for ye Learned applaud

414 PAPERS RELATING TO

ye performance. In short, Sir, I look down, with a philosophic

eye, on. that, or any such, neglect as a most imaginary trifle : Especially, if what I said to a curious & inquisitive Son of Caledonia, concerning ye well-known mismanagement, & ill Situation, of our Indian affairs, westwardly, should have occasioned it ; For truth will prevail, when painted with its genuine honest colours.

In y¢ historical part, I shall put myself under y' most friendly patronage, and yt of Sir Henry Moore, and do myself y°¢ particular favour of writing to each of you, from ye southward, before I sett off to England, next summer. As His Excelly has not only induced ye Hon»le members of His Majestys Council to give a sanction to my performance, and engaged to perswade ye Comons House of Assembly to follow their Copy ; But, likewise to continue to take in subscriptions, till ye Books are published, and remit me a Bill, on ye agent, at London, as soon as he has heard, by y° public accounts, of their being in the Press ; I'm hopefull, yowll be pleased to excuse my freedom of infolding, in this, a New-York printed Proposal ; and that y? patriotic temper will incite You to shew it to such Lovers of letters, as frequent your Hall, in order to gain, at least, nominal subscriptions, and give a sanction to the treatise in Europe ; Likewise, yt when I do myself y® honour of writing to you, again, you'll be so kind as to remit me their names, at London, according to request.

As His Excelly has not only induced ye Hon»le members of His Majestys Council to give a sanction to my performance, and engaged to perswade ye Comons House of Assembly to follow their Copy ; But, likewise to continue to take in subscriptions, till ye Books are published, and remit me a Bill, on ye agent, at London, as soon as he has heard, by y° public accounts, of their being in the Press ; I'm hopefull, yowll be pleased to excuse my freedom of infolding, in this, a New-York printed Proposal ; and that y? patriotic temper will incite You to shew it to such Lovers of letters, as frequent your Hall, in order to gain, at least, nominal subscriptions, and give a sanction to the treatise in Europe ; Likewise, yt when I do myself y® honour of writing to you, again, you'll be so kind as to remit me their names, at London, according to request.

Pve room to be pretty certain, that four of y* learned friends, here ; viz, the Rev4 Doctor Aecmody, the Rev4 Doctor Cooper, and ye Revd Messts Inglis & Ogilvie, A. M. will, thro' a true benevolence of heart, recommend me to the notice of y° President of y® Society for propogating y® Gospel, in order to obtain a missionary for our old friendly Chickosahs ; and likewise, their patronage in ye publication of my Indian work. When you're writing to my Lord Hillsborough, shonld yr own public spirit induce you to recommend me to his patronage. it would provea great advance towards obtaining satisfaction for what y® Governmt is indebted me. That, & ye like, I leave to y: own kindness of heart, which always leads and directs you, in support of a: generous cause.

M. will, thro' a true benevolence of heart, recommend me to the notice of y° President of y® Society for propogating y® Gospel, in order to obtain a missionary for our old friendly Chickosahs ; and likewise, their patronage in ye publication of my Indian work. When you're writing to my Lord Hillsborough, shonld yr own public spirit induce you to recommend me to his patronage. it would provea great advance towards obtaining satisfaction for what y® Governmt is indebted me. That, & ye like, I leave to y: own kindness of heart, which always leads and directs you, in support of a: generous cause.

Please to give my most hearty respects to y: cheerful and most

THE SIX NATIONS. 415

promising favourite son, Sir John, to ye gay, ye kindly, & ye 'witty Col! Johnson, to his discreet & most amiable Lady, & their pretty little Sheelah Grah, who is y@ lovely and lively picture of them both; To all yours. One by one; To Col! Class & his Lady ; To ye Gent with you, & ; and to accept y® same, from, Great Sir Yt very obliged & most Hble Servt James ADAIR. (Endorsed) Mr James Adairs letter supposed to be wrote in April or March recd 18th of April 1769. Ansd May 10' 1769.

SIR WM JOHNSON TO JAMES ADAIR.

- Johnson hall May 10th 1769. Sir,

J have received two of your Letters since your departure, a third which you speak of, never came to hands, but from the others I find with pleasure that you have met with the Countenance & patronage of the Gentlemen you mention & I sincerely wish they may prove of Service to you, tho' lam concerned that you met with any neglect from the quarter you speak of however I am hopefull that the protection you have hitherto found will prove a good introduction to your Curious performance, & that its publication will tend to your reputation & Interest, to which I shall gladly Contribute as far asin me Lyes.

J have received two of your Letters since your departure, a third which you speak of, never came to hands, but from the others I find with pleasure that you have met with the Countenance & patronage of the Gentlemen you mention & I sincerely wish they may prove of Service to you, tho' lam concerned that you met with any neglect from the quarter you speak of however I am hopefull that the protection you have hitherto found will prove a good introduction to your Curious performance, & that its publication will tend to your reputation & Interest, to which I shall gladly Contribute as far asin me Lyes. I am obliged to you for your Intentions respecting the Dedication, which I should chuse to decline but that I would not disappoint your good intentions, tho' I would check the flowings of a friendly pen which unrestrained might go farther than is consistent with my inclinations.

I return you your printed proposals, Subscribed to by myself & family with Two or Three others, which are as many as I have hitherto had an opportunity of Laying them before, & the time you spent in these parts has enabled youl presume to know

416 PAPERS RELATING TO

enough of its Inhabitants not to be Surprised that a. Work of that Nature shod meet with such Small encouragement. Sir John. Col. Johnson &c¢ thank you kindly for the manner in which you have remembered them heartily wishing you success, & be assured that I shall be glad to serve you in your undertaking as well as to hear of your prosperity being Sir,

I return you your printed proposals, Subscribed to by myself & family with Two or Three others, which are as many as I have hitherto had an opportunity of Laying them before, & the time you spent in these parts has enabled youl presume to know

416 PAPERS RELATING TO

enough of its Inhabitants not to be Surprised that a. Work of that Nature shod meet with such Small encouragement. Sir John. Col. Johnson &c¢ thank you kindly for the manner in which you have remembered them heartily wishing you success, & be assured that I shall be glad to serve you in your undertaking as well as to hear of your prosperity being Sir,

Your real Well Wisher & very humble Servt

M°, James Adair.

LIST OF SCHOLARS AT THE FREE SCHOOL, JOHNSTOWN.

Richard Young Peter Young Hendrick Young Richard Cotter Hendrick Rynnion James Mordon Daniel Cammel Samuel Davis Reneir Vansiclan Jacob Veder - Randel M'Donaid John Foilyard Peter Rynnion Peter Potman Jacob Doran David Doran Jeromy Doran Adam M'Donnald Abraham Boice Caleb MCarty -- Hendrick Collinger Jacob Servos John Servos

John Miller James MGregar George Binder Christian Rider Bernard Rider Simeon Scouten Francis Bradthau John Everot Sarah Connor Leny Rynnion Betsey Garlick Baby Garlick Rebecca Vansiclan Caty Cammel Caty Garlick Mary M'Intyre Peggy Potman Eve Waldroff Caty Waldroff Leny Waldroff Margaret Servos Catharine Servos Males & Females--45,

THE SIX NATIONS. 417

MOHAWK SCHOOL AT FORT HUNTER.

Began to Open School April ye 17h 1769. Augt 28'51769 A List of The Indians Children belonging to the Free Schoo] at Fort Hunter near the Mohawk River in the County of Albany and Province of New York with their Tribes. Bear Trize David, David, Abraham, John, Jacob, Peter, Joseph, Adam, Brant, Kreenas, Johannes, Peter, Nellithe Nellithe (Females) .... 15 Wour Trize Thomas, Paul, Jacob, John, Daniel, Catharine,Susanna, Catharine. (Females) 8 TourtLe Trise Isaac, Joseph, Daniel, Jacob, Thomas Christianna, Catharine. (Females)... 7

Began to Open School April ye 17h 1769. Augt 28'51769 A List of The Indians Children belonging to the Free Schoo] at Fort Hunter near the Mohawk River in the County of Albany and Province of New York with their Tribes. Bear Trize David, David, Abraham, John, Jacob, Peter, Joseph, Adam, Brant, Kreenas, Johannes, Peter, Nellithe Nellithe (Females) .... 15 Wour Trize Thomas, Paul, Jacob, John, Daniel, Catharine,Susanna, Catharine. (Females) 8 TourtLe Trise Isaac, Joseph, Daniel, Jacob, Thomas Christianna, Catharine. (Females)... 7

OCR eas cee viet 30 Pr Me Colin Me[Leland] Schoolmaster. S', According to your Direction I have sent your Honour this List.

HUGH GAINE TO SIR WM. JOHNSON.

Sir

At last I have been able to send you the Remainder of the Common Prayer. I am sorry they have been delayed so long, but I assure you it was not in my Power to send them sooner, the Delay being occasioned by the want of Morroca Leather

Inclosed you have your own Account, as also the whole Expence of the Common Prayers, binding, Paper, &c. which I hope you'll think reasonable. Had it been English, the Printing Work could not have been done cheaper. I have not charged you with the News-Paper, as I am at a loss to know when you began, but I imagine 'tis not less than 10 years This, Perhaps you ean remember yourself, as the same is quite unknown to

Sir Your humble Servant

New-York ( H. Gaine. August 31, 1769.

Vou. Iv. 27

Inclosed you have your own Account, as also the whole Expence of the Common Prayers, binding, Paper, &c. which I hope you'll think reasonable. Had it been English, the Printing Work could not have been done cheaper. I have not charged you with the News-Paper, as I am at a loss to know when you began, but I imagine 'tis not less than 10 years This, Perhaps you ean remember yourself, as the same is quite unknown to

Sir Your humble Servant

New-York ( H. Gaine. August 31, 1769.

Vou. Iv. 27

418 PAPERS RELATING TO

JAMES ADAIR ESQ. TO SIR W™* JOHNSON.

Honb!e Sire As yt kindly temper and public spirit invited me to write to you, (exactly after ye manner Sir Henry Moore did, with regard to myself) in what manner you could be of any service to me, at London, I make free to inform you, that, next April, I set off from this metropolis of Georgia-Colony, to London, in order to get my Indian Productions published, there, under y* auspicious patronage ; And, as you firmly believ'd, according to my creed, that general Licences are utterly destructive to ye Indian trade, and our barrier settlements and Colonies, by allowing such prodgious nubers of worthless trading Pedlars, as can give security for conforming to ye rules of trade, both to overstock it, corrupt ye Indians by trusting them twice more than they can pay : then perpexing them for ye effect of their own indiscretion, and betraying ye Secrets of Government, & & I'm hopeful, yowll recommend, in concert with Govern? Wright & Lieut Govern' Bull, to ye Lords of trade, if it lyes in their sphere of action, a total abrogation of that most pernicious custom of granting Licences ; Without which, 'tis ye universal opinion of all us, who have gain'd sufficient skill in Indian affairs, that, when the Creeks have made peace with ye Chocktah nation, they'll fall on our valuable weak Colony of Georgia, as they despise us like tame helpless dung-hill fowls, and, in their usual set speeches, and bacchanal days, term us so, by having been passively allowed, for these nine years past, to shed under y® ereatest security, a torrent of y° innocent crying blood of valuable british Subjects, to ye shame and discredit of every tie of social union.

Wright & Lieut Govern' Bull, to ye Lords of trade, if it lyes in their sphere of action, a total abrogation of that most pernicious custom of granting Licences ; Without which, 'tis ye universal opinion of all us, who have gain'd sufficient skill in Indian affairs, that, when the Creeks have made peace with ye Chocktah nation, they'll fall on our valuable weak Colony of Georgia, as they despise us like tame helpless dung-hill fowls, and, in their usual set speeches, and bacchanal days, term us so, by having been passively allowed, for these nine years past, to shed under y® ereatest security, a torrent of y° innocent crying blood of valuable british Subjects, to ye shame and discredit of every tie of social union. If, along with y* former, y" own kindly temper & love of ye

'public good should incile you to write any thing, in my behalf, to my Lord Hillsborough or y° Lords of trade and remit it tome directed either to y® care of James Parsons Esq' Attorney at Law, in Charlestown ; or to that of Mess'* Tellfair, merchts or M: Johnson, Printer, in Savannah, I shou'd readily receive it : And it wou'd be of great service tome; For your interest is very great, in London.

THE SIX NATIONS. 419

Pm hopeful, Sir, that both you and every one of yr extensive & very respectable Family are well : and may the divine bountiful goodness, always, preserve ye, so. Be so kind as to present to each of them, one by one, my continual sincere well-wishes, and very humble respects; and to accept of ye same from. Hon?!e Sir,

'public good should incile you to write any thing, in my behalf, to my Lord Hillsborough or y° Lords of trade and remit it tome directed either to y® care of James Parsons Esq' Attorney at Law, in Charlestown ; or to that of Mess'* Tellfair, merchts or M: Johnson, Printer, in Savannah, I shou'd readily receive it : And it wou'd be of great service tome; For your interest is very great, in London.

THE SIX NATIONS. 419

Pm hopeful, Sir, that both you and every one of yr extensive & very respectable Family are well : and may the divine bountiful goodness, always, preserve ye, so. Be so kind as to present to each of them, one by one, my continual sincere well-wishes, and very humble respects; and to accept of ye same from. Hon?!e Sir,

Your much obliged & very obedt Hble Servt James ADarR. =~ Savannah 9>r 15th An: 1769.

GEORGE CROGHAN TO SIR WM JOHNSON.

New York Nov» 16 : 1769

Dear Sir |

the Bearer M: William Andrews' is a young Gentleman bread up to the Church well Recommended w" you will find by M: Achmuty' Leters and is a Relation of Mt Campble? in Schonectady Mt Achmuty is of opinion that albany & Schonectady should be butt one Living att that M*. Monrow should have it and this Gentleman he preposed for y', Town & the Mohocks I have been presse4 on by Several Gentlemen hear to Write y* honour with this Gentleman and hope you will Excuse the Liberty I take in Do itt, for thoI Love ye church very well I know I ought Nott

the Bearer M: William Andrews' is a young Gentleman bread up to the Church well Recommended w" you will find by M: Achmuty' Leters and is a Relation of Mt Campble? in Schonectady Mt Achmuty is of opinion that albany & Schonectady should be butt one Living att that M*. Monrow should have it and this Gentleman he preposed for y', Town & the Mohocks I have been presse4 on by Several Gentlemen hear to Write y* honour with this Gentleman and hope you will Excuse the Liberty I take in Do itt, for thoI Love ye church very well I know I ought Nott

1 Revd Wm Anprews was a native of Ireland. He returned home in 1770, when he was ordained by the Bishop of London and appointed Missionary at Schenectady, in which place some of his relatives, it seems, already resided. Having married, inthe meantime, he entered on his charge immediately after receiving orders, to the satisfaction of his congregation. He opened a grammar school in the fall of 1771, but the labors attendant on this, with ill health & other causes mentioned in his letter (post) of 16 Aug. 1778, obliged him to relinquish this mission and sail to Virginia. Ep.

2 Danint CaMpBeLy was a native of Ireland, married a Miss SoHERMERWORN, acquired great wealth in Schenectady as a Merchant, portion of which he left to a nephew, a Dr. Campbell of London who resided in this country several ycars and then returned to England. Daniel D. Schermerhorn, one of the Members of the late Constitutional Convention, having become heir to Mr. C. has since assumed that name.

He opened a grammar school in the fall of 1771, but the labors attendant on this, with ill health & other causes mentioned in his letter (post) of 16 Aug. 1778, obliged him to relinquish this mission and sail to Virginia. Ep.

2 Danint CaMpBeLy was a native of Ireland, married a Miss SoHERMERWORN, acquired great wealth in Schenectady as a Merchant, portion of which he left to a nephew, a Dr. Campbell of London who resided in this country several ycars and then returned to England. Daniel D. Schermerhorn, one of the Members of the late Constitutional Convention, having become heir to Mr. C. has since assumed that name.

420 PAPERS RELATING TO

to Medle with Church Maters I think he is a Modest Young Man & one w you May bring up To answer the Discription of Such a Won as you formerly Chose only he has No Wife But that want your honour No Doubt Soon Suply him with of the fruitfull Loanes of your Estate.

T have seen the Gineral Several Times Since I came to Town he has No Late News of any Disturbence to y® Westward butt Says itts Expected that some broyles will hapen in y® Spring he Dose Nott See he Says any Service My going this Time of the yeer as ye Indians are all out a hunting But thinks I should send Some belts to Lett them know that I will be up in ye Spring he Says y® provinces will Neaver Do any thing that was Expected & that Everything Must Return in its proper Chanel this Winter under y* honors Direction or things will Neaver Do Right he Tould me yesterday that I must Stay here Till Next Week as he was busey this when he wold have a Long Conversation with Me, he Recomended to Me to Memorial the King a bout my Grants & one of his family Tould me he wold Recomend it if I asked him after I have hard what the General has to say to Me I will write yr honer More fully.

T have seen the Gineral Several Times Since I came to Town he has No Late News of any Disturbence to y® Westward butt Says itts Expected that some broyles will hapen in y® Spring he Dose Nott See he Says any Service My going this Time of the yeer as ye Indians are all out a hunting But thinks I should send Some belts to Lett them know that I will be up in ye Spring he Says y® provinces will Neaver Do any thing that was Expected & that Everything Must Return in its proper Chanel this Winter under y* honors Direction or things will Neaver Do Right he Tould me yesterday that I must Stay here Till Next Week as he was busey this when he wold have a Long Conversation with Me, he Recomended to Me to Memorial the King a bout my Grants & one of his family Tould me he wold Recomend it if I asked him after I have hard what the General has to say to Me I will write yr honer More fully.

the Ship Dutchess of Gorden is aRived things in England in nthe Greatest Confuson Nothing But peticions from all y® Counteys prepairing to prevent y® King Backing the Midlesex & Livery of London one Mt Musgroves Leter Just as ye paice was Made Makes a great Noise this is y° Leter wh L--d Egermont Shott himself about there is Now a Suplement printing to yesterday paper w the Berer will Take up to you w' will Contain ye Leter & all ye News this vesel has brought y packet is Nott yet aRived butt hourly expected.

the Ship Dutchess of Gorden is aRived things in England in nthe Greatest Confuson Nothing But peticions from all y® Counteys prepairing to prevent y® King Backing the Midlesex & Livery of London one Mt Musgroves Leter Just as ye paice was Made Makes a great Noise this is y° Leter wh L--d Egermont Shott himself about there is Now a Suplement printing to yesterday paper w the Berer will Take up to you w' will Contain ye Leter & all ye News this vesel has brought y packet is Nott yet aRived butt hourly expected.

Plese to present my Complemt*s to all the Gentiemen with you & blive me with the greatest Respect your Honors Most obedient & humbie Servant Gro: CrocHan.

'

To the Honble Sir William Johnson Bart *,* Geo. Croghan late of Passyunk, Pa. made his will on the 12th June 1782. His daughter Susannah, married Lt. Augustine Prevost. He does not seem to

have left any male heirs. His will is recorded in the office of the Clerk of the Court of Appeals Albany, N. Y. Ep.

THE SIX NATIONS. 421

SECY BANYAR TO SIR WM JOHNSON,

New York 18 November 1769. Dear Sir William The Bearer Mr William Andrews is a young Gentleman from Ireland, who has thoughts of taking orders for the Ministry. He is in hopes of being called for the Church of Schenectady, and carrys recommendatory Letters from Doctor Auchmuty and Colonel Crogham. I understand his character is unexceptionable and his Education liberal. If you can be of any service to him you will oblige me in giving him Countenance, and your Civilitice I shall acknowledge with Gratitude I am indebted to you for a Letter; but it shall not be long eer I discharge it. I. am D* Sir W™ your affectionate and obedient Servant Gw Banyar.

He is in hopes of being called for the Church of Schenectady, and carrys recommendatory Letters from Doctor Auchmuty and Colonel Crogham. I understand his character is unexceptionable and his Education liberal. If you can be of any service to him you will oblige me in giving him Countenance, and your Civilitice I shall acknowledge with Gratitude I am indebted to you for a Letter; but it shall not be long eer I discharge it. I. am D* Sir W™ your affectionate and obedient Servant Gw Banyar.

MR. ANDREWS TO SIR WM. JOHNSON.

Sir,

I have just receiv'd intelligence of a Vessell at York bound for Ireland, and is expected to sail very shortly. On this Account, and because my Continuance here entirely depends upon your recommending me to the Society's service; I showd sincerely thank you to send me the recommendatory letter, as soon as convenient.

I have been seriously considering of the most effectual means, of procuring proper Persons to supply the vacant Missions in this Province, and can, upon mature Consideration, think of no better judged Expedient, than to invite some of the sober, and aged Graduates of Trinity-College, Dublin to undertake the sacred Office. I doubt not, but the Proposal wou'd be pleasing to the People, and the Offer agreeable to the Gentlemen.

My Reasons for advancing this Circumstance, I must humbly

beg leave to mention

°

4924 PAPERS RELATING TO

A late Abstract of the Society, informs us of the Want of Clergy even in several parts of England, oceasion'd probably by the Students diverting their Education to more profitable Pursuits. And the Candidates for holy Orders, educated on this side the Atlantic, are by no means enabled to perform the Service of the Church, and discharge their Duty with so much Satisfaction to their Congregation, as these persons I have been speaking of, who have regularly obtained their Degrees by Merit, after a proper Course of Study.

A late Abstract of the Society, informs us of the Want of Clergy even in several parts of England, oceasion'd probably by the Students diverting their Education to more profitable Pursuits. And the Candidates for holy Orders, educated on this side the Atlantic, are by no means enabled to perform the Service of the Church, and discharge their Duty with so much Satisfaction to their Congregation, as these persons I have been speaking of, who have regularly obtained their Degrees by Merit, after a proper Course of Study. Tho' I do not urge this Circumstance, thro' any disrespect or by way of Retort, against the Americans, I only mention it on account of their being deprived of the Opportunity of receiving so good and solid an Education.

Treland does not labour under the same disadvantage, as England, with respect to Clergy; For, we frequently hear of numbers, soliciting for a Curacy, a poor Provision indeed. Besides Jet me add, that the American Candidates are subject to the Danger and Expense of doubly traversing a large Ocean, and incumbred with Charges, which they are scarce enabled to bear before they can obtain their desire.

Now, if this Plan shou'd be found agreeable to the Society, I believe I cou'd prevail upon some of those Gentlemen to come over, and settle in these Vacancies, whose Characters and Qualifications cou'd be properly ascertained.

Remitting your recommendatory letters, thro' Doctor Auchmuty at York, wou'd be esteem'd as an Obligation conferr'd on him, who is with Respect and Gratitude,

Besides Jet me add, that the American Candidates are subject to the Danger and Expense of doubly traversing a large Ocean, and incumbred with Charges, which they are scarce enabled to bear before they can obtain their desire.

Now, if this Plan shou'd be found agreeable to the Society, I believe I cou'd prevail upon some of those Gentlemen to come over, and settle in these Vacancies, whose Characters and Qualifications cou'd be properly ascertained.

Remitting your recommendatory letters, thro' Doctor Auchmuty at York, wou'd be esteem'd as an Obligation conferr'd on him, who is with Respect and Gratitude,

Sir, Your most obedient, and humble Servant, . Won AnpREws.

Schenectady, 10t» Decb: 1769.

Since my sitting down to write this, I have found an immediate Conveyance to York, & have therefore embraced the Opportunity of setting off to Morrow for Albany. Your letter then will reach me by means of Dr Auchmuty.

Sir William Johnson Bart.

THE SIX NATIONS. 423

MR. ANDREWS TO SIR WM. JOHNSON.

New York, 28th Janty 1770.

I have just time to acknowledge your favor, with a Draft

inclos'd on Mr Mortier, from whom I have receiv'd Fifty one pounds Currency; For which I return you sincere thanks and shall when able repay you. _ Accompanying this I send you a letter from my good Friend M' Barton, who recommends me to you, & points out in my letter an Indian Mission--I intended after my Return here to have receiv'd instruction in their Language with the intention of delivering Discourses amongst them, whenever leisure shou'd permit from the Duty at Schenectady--