GENETALOGV COLLECTION

DOCUMENTS I,ATIVE TO THE

COLONIAL HISTORY STATE OF NEW-YORK PROCURED IN

HOLLAND, ENGLAND AND FRANCE

JOHN ROMEYN BRODHEAD, ESQ.,

AND BY VIETUE OF AN ACT OF THE LEGISLATUKE, ENTITLED "AN ACT TO APPOINT AN AGEKT TO PEOCUP.E AND TEANSCP.IBE DOCUMENTS IN EUROPE RELATIVE TO THE COLONIAL HISTORY OF THE STATE," PASSED MAY 2, 1889.

PUBLISHED UNDER AND BY VIRTUE OF AN ACT OP THE LEGISLATURE, ENTITLED " AN ACT TO PROVIDE FOR THE PUBLISHING CERTAIN DOCUMENTS RELATING TO THE COLONIAL HISTORY OF THE STATE," PASSED MARCH 30, 1849, AND AN ACT ENTI- TLED "an ACT IN RELATION TO THE COLONIAL HISTORY OF THE STATE, AND THE PUBLICATION AND DISTRIBUTION THEREOF," PASSED APRIL 12, 1856.

EDITED BY

E. B. O'CALLAGHAN, M. D., LL. D.

WITH A GENERAL INTRODUCTION BY THE AGENT.

VOL. I.

ALBANY: WEED, PARSONS AND COMPANY, PRINTERS. 1856.

Volumes III., IV., V., VI., VII. and IX. of this work were published under the direction of the Governor, Secretary of State and Comptroller of the State of New- York ; and the publication has been completed under the authority of the Regents of the University, in virtue of the Act of the Legislature to that effect,

passed April 12, 1856.

The Documents in Dutch and French were translated by E. B. O'Callaohan, M. D., LL. D., who was employed for that purpose, and to superintend the publication generally.

CORKESPONDENCE.

The Legisktnre having recently placed the publication of the Documents collected by you in Europe, relative to the Colonial History of the State of New-York, under the direction of the Regents of the University, I have been instructed by the Committee of the Regents charged with the subject, to request you to prepare a General Introduction to that work, to be prefixed to the first volume, which is now nearly ready.

D., who was employed for that purpose, and to superintend the publication generally.

CORKESPONDENCE.

The Legisktnre having recently placed the publication of the Documents collected by you in Europe, relative to the Colonial History of the State of New-York, under the direction of the Regents of the University, I have been instructed by the Committee of the Regents charged with the subject, to request you to prepare a General Introduction to that work, to be prefixed to the first volume, which is now nearly ready. Your agency in procuring the Documents of which this publication is composed, and your thorough knowledge of the whole subject, clearly point you out as the proper person to perform this service and the Committee hope that ;

your well known interest in this work will induce you to comply with their request. I add my own personal and earnest wishes that you will undertake this task, and am, with great consideration, Yours most truly, JOHN V. L. PRUYN, Chairman of the Commiiiee. John Romeyn Brodhead, Esq., &c., &c., <Scc., New -York.

1136138

New-York, 1 July, 1856. Sir: I have received your letter of yesterday, in which, as Chairman of the Committee of the Regents of the University having the subject in charge, you request me to prepare an Introduction to the " Colonial History " of this State -- commonly so called -- to be prefixed to the first volume. The Committee, in making this request, have done me an honor which I highly appreciate, and for which I beg you to express to them my acknowledgments. Feeling, as is very natural under all the circumstances, a peculiar interest in the publication of this work, I shall not decline the flattering duty you have asked me to perform. It

Sir: I have received your letter of yesterday, in which, as Chairman of the Committee of the Regents of the University having the subject in charge, you request me to prepare an Introduction to the " Colonial History " of this State -- commonly so called -- to be prefixed to the first volume. The Committee, in making this request, have done me an honor which I highly appreciate, and for which I beg you to express to them my acknowledgments. Feeling, as is very natural under all the circumstances, a peculiar interest in the publication of this work, I shall not decline the flattering duty you have asked me to perform. It

seems to me that the most satisfactory Introduction to the work would be, mainly, a detailed account of the origin, progress and results of the Historical Agency by which the Documents forming the publication were procured. With this understanding, I shall set myself about its preparation at once, and execute my pleasant task as promptly as other engagements will permit. With high regard, I am, Sir, Sincerely yours, JOHN ROMEYN BRODHEAD. John V. L. Pruyn, Esq., &c., &c., &c., Albany.

GENERAL INTEODUCTION.

The Public Records of the State of New -York are, chiefly, in the office of the

Secretary of State at Albany. They are as various in their character as they are voluminous in their extent. Most of them relate to and illustrate the History of the State ; and without them no accurate or detailed knowledge of that history can be gained.

With high regard, I am, Sir, Sincerely yours, JOHN ROMEYN BRODHEAD. John V. L. Pruyn, Esq., &c., &c., &c., Albany.

GENERAL INTEODUCTION.

The Public Records of the State of New -York are, chiefly, in the office of the

Secretary of State at Albany. They are as various in their character as they are voluminous in their extent. Most of them relate to and illustrate the History of the State ; and without them no accurate or detailed knowledge of that history can be gained.

Previous to the American Revolution the seat of the Colonial Government was the city of New-York, and the public records of the Province were kept there. They extended back to a very early period after the first settlement of the country. The most ancient of them were in the Dutch language ; and they related to the affairs of New Netherland, as New -York was called while it was a Colony and Province of the United Provinces, from soon after its discovery, in 1609, to its surrender to the English in 1664. These Dutch records, however, are incomplete. It is known that the early

Provincial authorities recorded their transactions with care ; but, unfortunately, with

the exception of some entries of lands, the oldest of which is in 1630, none of the records of Director Minuit's administration, from 1626 to 1632, nor of Director Van Twiller's, from 1633 to 1638, have been preserved. The series of papers, however, is tolerably complete during the time of Director Kieft, from 1638 to 1647, and of Director Stuyvesant, from 1647 to 1664. After the surrender of New Netherland, in 1664, the records of the Province of New-York were kept in English, and were preserved in much better condition than the fragmentary archives of the Dutch period. Those relating to lands and local

the exception of some entries of lands, the oldest of which is in 1630, none of the records of Director Minuit's administration, from 1626 to 1632, nor of Director Van Twiller's, from 1633 to 1638, have been preserved. The series of papers, however, is tolerably complete during the time of Director Kieft, from 1638 to 1647, and of Director Stuyvesant, from 1647 to 1664. After the surrender of New Netherland, in 1664, the records of the Province of New-York were kept in English, and were preserved in much better condition than the fragmentary archives of the Dutch period. Those relating to lands and local

transactions, however, are generally far more perfect than those affecting the political

history of the Province. This was, no doubt, owing to the practice which prevailed, to a great extent, with the British Colonial Governors, of retaining in their own personal custody the correspondence between themselves and their superiors in

: :

vi GENERAL INTRODUCTION. England. But the chief cause of the deficiencies in the public records of New -York may be traced to the vicissitudes which marked its annals in the transfer of sovereignty from Holland to England, and iu the assumj^tion of sovereignty by the Colonists in the Revolution. Upon the full organization of the State government the city of Albany became the capital, and the Colonial and Provincial records -- other than those the relating to

municipality of the metropolis -- which had formerly been kept New-York, were in

removed thither. The pressing concerns of a new and impoverished Commonwealth for a long time prevented much thought being given to those silent and fading memorials which recorded the events of the earlier days of the State. Yet, there were many who looked upon historical inquiry in its true light, as an

Upon the full organization of the State government the city of Albany became the capital, and the Colonial and Provincial records -- other than those the relating to

municipality of the metropolis -- which had formerly been kept New-York, were in

removed thither. The pressing concerns of a new and impoverished Commonwealth for a long time prevented much thought being given to those silent and fading memorials which recorded the events of the earlier days of the State. Yet, there were many who looked upon historical inquiry in its true light, as an

incentive to progress and an aid to patriotism. They felt that too little was known of the olden times of New -York, and that especially the half century during which it

was a distant dependency of Holland was the " dark period " in its history. A few prominent citizens accordingly assembled, on the 20th of November, 1804, in the city of New -York, and agreed to form themselves into a Society, " the principal design of which should be to collect and preserve whatever may relate to the natural, civil, or ecclesiastical history of the United States, in general, and of this State in

particular." This was the origin of the New -York Historical Society, which, on the 10th day of February, 1809, received a special Act of Incorporation from the Legislature. The members of the Society immediately took steps to accomplish the high purposes of their association, and soon collected a valuable library of printed books and manuscripts. At length the time came when it was thought that the attention of the State authorities might judiciously be drawn to the importance of the

particular." This was the origin of the New -York Historical Society, which, on the 10th day of February, 1809, received a special Act of Incorporation from the Legislature. The members of the Society immediately took steps to accomplish the high purposes of their association, and soon collected a valuable library of printed books and manuscripts. At length the time came when it was thought that the attention of the State authorities might judiciously be drawn to the importance of the

objects for which, especially, the Society had been organized. At its request, De Witt Clii^ton, then its Vice-President, accordingly prepared the following memorial, which

was presented to the Legislature at its session in 1814:

" TO THE HONORABLE THE LEGISLATURE OF THE STATE OF NEW-YORK.

" The Memorial of the New -York Historical Society most respectfully represents " That this Institution was established for the purpose of acquiring and promoting a knowledge of the natural, civil, literary and ecclesiastical history of America, and more particularly of this State. The attainment of objects so various, comprehensive and important, requiring such extensiveness of information, such profundity of research, such exertion of industry and such liberality of expense, is unquestionably beyond the means and the faculties of any individual, however he may be endowed with the gifts of fortune and genius, and whatever may be the extent of his enterprise, activity and influence. Associations, comprehending a mass

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GENERAL INTRODUCTION. vii

of information and talent, and embracing not only the disposition but the ability to promote knowledge, are essentially necessary to crown with success any important undertaking of this nature. With these motives, and for these objects, this society was formed. A liberal and enlightened Legislature, justly appreciating its importance, granted it a ciiarter of incorporation ; and it now only remains for them to complete the important work which has received their approving voice, by an extension to this society of a portion of that munificence which, we are proud to say, characterizes the legislation of this State.

of information and talent, and embracing not only the disposition but the ability to promote knowledge, are essentially necessary to crown with success any important undertaking of this nature. With these motives, and for these objects, this society was formed. A liberal and enlightened Legislature, justly appreciating its importance, granted it a ciiarter of incorporation ; and it now only remains for them to complete the important work which has received their approving voice, by an extension to this society of a portion of that munificence which, we are proud to say, characterizes the legislation of this State. " During the short period of the existence of this society, we have devoted no inconsiderable portion of time, attention and money to collect books, pamphlets, manuscripts, maps, medals, and other materials, which may tend to illustrate and complete the great outlines of our history. This collection, on account of the number, the variety and the rarity of its objects, may be safely valued at ten thousand dollars. If, in the infant state of the society,

without public patronage, and without any other excitement than a desire to be useful, as humble contributors to the great stock of human knowledge, we have been able to accomplish so much, what might we not effect if public bounty should be united with individual contribution, and if the countenance of the Legislature should stamp a value upon our researches, and enable us to dispel the clouds which envelope the history of our country? " It is well known to your honorable body that America has been settled principally by the English, the Dutch, the French, the Spaniards, and the Portuguese. The Swedes at one period planted a Colony on the Delaware. The Danes also have occupied islands in the West Indies; and several islands between Asia and America derive their population from Russia and its dependencies.

without public patronage, and without any other excitement than a desire to be useful, as humble contributors to the great stock of human knowledge, we have been able to accomplish so much, what might we not effect if public bounty should be united with individual contribution, and if the countenance of the Legislature should stamp a value upon our researches, and enable us to dispel the clouds which envelope the history of our country? " It is well known to your honorable body that America has been settled principally by the English, the Dutch, the French, the Spaniards, and the Portuguese. The Swedes at one period planted a Colony on the Delaware. The Danes also have occupied islands in the West Indies; and several islands between Asia and America derive their population from Russia and its dependencies. How important and how necessary is it to procure books which have been written in those countries, illustrative of the affairs of America. It is well known that many manuscripts are buried in the archives of State, or in the libraries of public bodies, which might be transcribed, and which would shed new light on our history. The Bibliotheca Americana, published in England, imperfect as it is, indicates what invaluable and unexplored treasures for our historians may be obtained in that country. " But we would beg leave to solicit the attention of the Legislature more particularly to the history of this State. It is unnecessary to descant upon the imperfections of its natural history. Whole departments of this science have been almost entirely neglected ; the powers

It is well known that many manuscripts are buried in the archives of State, or in the libraries of public bodies, which might be transcribed, and which would shed new light on our history. The Bibliotheca Americana, published in England, imperfect as it is, indicates what invaluable and unexplored treasures for our historians may be obtained in that country. " But we would beg leave to solicit the attention of the Legislature more particularly to the history of this State. It is unnecessary to descant upon the imperfections of its natural history. Whole departments of this science have been almost entirely neglected ; the powers

of observation and investigation have not been applied to elucidate and explore them; the destructive hand of time is rapidly sweeping into oblivion many important objects of inquiry; and what might now with facility be rescued from oblivion, the flight of a few years will place beyond the reach of human power. " The civil history of this State may be divided into four parts " I. When occupied by the aborigines. " II. When under the government of the Dutch, which was about half a century. " III. Its state under England, which continued about one hundred and twelve years, and which includes the proprietary government of the Duke of York, and its government under the Kings of Great Britain, excepting about sixteen months, when it was repossessed by the Dutch. "IV. And, lastly, its political existence as a member of an independent government. "Before the lapse of many years, the remnant of the Indian nations which now inhabit the State will experience the fate of all sublunary things. The few antiquities of the country, the forts and the tumuli, which may now be easily explored, will be effaced by the extension of

Its state under England, which continued about one hundred and twelve years, and which includes the proprietary government of the Duke of York, and its government under the Kings of Great Britain, excepting about sixteen months, when it was repossessed by the Dutch. "IV. And, lastly, its political existence as a member of an independent government. "Before the lapse of many years, the remnant of the Indian nations which now inhabit the State will experience the fate of all sublunary things. The few antiquities of the country, the forts and the tumuli, which may now be easily explored, will be effaced by the extension of

viii GENERAL INTRODUCTION. cultivation. Tiie natural history of the man of America, disfigured and perverted as he has been by European intercourse, may still be obtained to a considerable extent; his language may be put on record, and his traditions may be perpetuated. "As, before tlie Revolution, the Colonies of France and Great Britain were connected by vicinity, by treaty, by trade, and by continual and habitual intercourse with the Five Nations and other Indians which occupied this State, we can obtain valuable materials to illustrate this important period from the libraries and public collections of those countries. Many learned, elaborate and interesting works have never been seen in America ; some are so scarce that they cannot be procured without the expense of transcribing; and papers of great moment have never been printed. " The regular minutes of the transactions of the Indian Commissioners for this Colony, from 1675 to 1751, as kept by a secretary employed for the purpose, were bound up in four large foliovolumes. This invaluable collection, and the subsequent Colonial records relative to Indian affairs, are not now to be found in this State; and they were probably conveyed away by Sir John Johnson, or his agents, at the commencement of the Revolution.

Many learned, elaborate and interesting works have never been seen in America ; some are so scarce that they cannot be procured without the expense of transcribing; and papers of great moment have never been printed. " The regular minutes of the transactions of the Indian Commissioners for this Colony, from 1675 to 1751, as kept by a secretary employed for the purpose, were bound up in four large foliovolumes. This invaluable collection, and the subsequent Colonial records relative to Indian affairs, are not now to be found in this State; and they were probably conveyed away by Sir John Johnson, or his agents, at the commencement of the Revolution. The loss of these documents would produce a chasm in our history that could not be supplied and we ;

hope that they may still be retrieved. Our concerns and negotiations with the Indians, since our existence as a State, have not been preserved in regular and complete order. They are scattered among the bureaus of our chief magistrates or are buried in the voluminous files of the Legislature. " To obtain materials for the Dutch portion of our history, comprising an interesting period

of half a century, we must have recourse to the papers of the Dutch West India Company, and to the archives of the then government of that nation to the Dutch records of some of ;

our counties, and in the ofBce of the Secretary of State to the public offices in the neighboring ;

Colonies, with whose governments the Dutch had negotiations ; and to several books published and which are scarcely known to in the Dutch and Latin languages, relative to this country, us. The darkness which hangs over this branch may be perceived in the History of New- York, written by William Smith, a work which skims lightly over this interesting period, leaving it almost entirely unnoticed.

our counties, and in the ofBce of the Secretary of State to the public offices in the neighboring ;

Colonies, with whose governments the Dutch had negotiations ; and to several books published and which are scarcely known to in the Dutch and Latin languages, relative to this country, us. The darkness which hangs over this branch may be perceived in the History of New- York, written by William Smith, a work which skims lightly over this interesting period, leaving it almost entirely unnoticed. " To supply that part of our history when we were subject to Great Britain, the most valuable materials may be obtained from various sources. From Chalmers' Political Annals it appears that there are many manuscripts in the Plantation Office, entitled 'New-York Entries' and 'New-York Papers.' We find in the catalogue of manuscripts preserved in the British Museum, some writings that refer particularly to this State; and in the catalogue of books belonging to that institution are preserved many works concerning America, in the Dutch, English, French, Spanish and Latin languages, affijrding a fund of information important and inestimable. We also know that there are many interesting books and manuscripts, relative to this country, in the library of the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in America; and, perhaps, much important information may be obtained from the public offices in Canada. " The history of our country, since the commencement of the Revolutionary war, is in a better state of preservation ; but even here,how many interesting events are passing into oblivion, how many important facts are distorted and misrepresented, how many illustrious achievements are forgotten or neglected. Documents that may illuminate the obscure, explain the doubtful, and embalm the memories of the good and the great, may now be drawn from their dark abodes, where in a few years they will be forgotten or lost.

" The history of our country, since the commencement of the Revolutionary war, is in a better state of preservation ; but even here,how many interesting events are passing into oblivion, how many important facts are distorted and misrepresented, how many illustrious achievements are forgotten or neglected. Documents that may illuminate the obscure, explain the doubtful, and embalm the memories of the good and the great, may now be drawn from their dark abodes, where in a few years they will be forgotten or lost. Letters of distinguished

GENERAL INTRODUCTION. ix

individuals, fugitive pamphlets, perishable manuscripts, ought now to be obtained and preserved. The time is precious, and not a moment should be lost. " The only history of this member of the Confederacy is that of William Smith, which is brought down to the year 17;32. Is is too much to say that the most important is the worst or least described part of the Union? "Anxious, as we are, to explore these sources of intelligence, and to collect these ample materials, yet we feel that the want of funds presents an obstacle that can only be surmounted by the liberality and public spirit of the Legislature. We have done much, and we are willing to do more, in order to preserve the history of the State from oblivion. We are influenced by no other motive than that of elevating the character and promoting the prosperity of a community to which we are bound by every tie that is deemed precious and sacred among men. And let it not be said that the exigencies of the times and the pressure of a foreign war render it inexpedient to apply the public bounty to this object. The State is rich in funds, rich in creditand rich in resources; and she ought to be rich in liberality and public spirit.

We are influenced by no other motive than that of elevating the character and promoting the prosperity of a community to which we are bound by every tie that is deemed precious and sacred among men. And let it not be said that the exigencies of the times and the pressure of a foreign war render it inexpedient to apply the public bounty to this object. The State is rich in funds, rich in creditand rich in resources; and she ought to be rich in liberality and public spirit. Genuine greatness never appears in a more resplendent light, or in a more sublime attitude, than in that buoyancy of character which rises superior to danger and difficulty in that ;

magnanimity of soul which cultivates the arts and sciences amidst the horrors of war; and in that comprehension of mind which cherishes all the cardinal interests of a country, without being distracted or diverted by the most appalling considerations. " We, therefore, most respectfully solicit the favorable notice of the Legislature, and we confidently hope that the result will be auspicious to the interests of literature and to the honor of our country. "New- York, January, 1814."

Tills memorial of the Historical Society was received with great favor by the Legislature, which, with a liberality that has always belonged to the State of New- York, passed two acts on the 13th and the 15th of April, 1814, recognizing, in the most gratifying manner, the claims of the Institution to the regard of the representatives of the peojile. Public attention was now drawn more distinctly to the condition of the archives of the State. They were found to be in great disorder, and the necessity of some arrangement and classification of them was conceded. The Dutch records,

Tills memorial of the Historical Society was received with great favor by the Legislature, which, with a liberality that has always belonged to the State of New- York, passed two acts on the 13th and the 15th of April, 1814, recognizing, in the most gratifying manner, the claims of the Institution to the regard of the representatives of the peojile. Public attention was now drawn more distinctly to the condition of the archives of the State. They were found to be in great disorder, and the necessity of some arrangement and classification of them was conceded. The Dutch records,

especially, being in a generally unfamiliar language, provision was made for their

translation, and Dr. Francis Adriaen Vaw der Kemp, a learned Hollander, was appointed by Governor Clinton to perform this service, which he accordingly did. His translations, forming twenty-six volumes, are now known and generally quoted as the "Albany Records." A concurrent resolution was also passed by the Legislature at their session in 1819, authorizing the Secretary of State, under the direction of the Governor, to cause to be bound and arranged such of the records as he might think expedient. On the 4th of January, 1820, Mr. John Van Ness Yates, then Secretary of State, submitted a Report to the Legislature, detailing the steps he had taken in

^ GENERAL INTRODUCTION.

carrying their resolution into effect, and containing an interesting and elaborate character of the public records in his synopsis of the several divisions and the specific custody. To this Keport was appended a general Catalogue, I., of the Dutch Colonial of the English Colonial Records and III., of the State Records and Kecords ; II., ; ;

John Van Ness Yates, then Secretary of State, submitted a Report to the Legislature, detailing the steps he had taken in

^ GENERAL INTRODUCTION.

carrying their resolution into effect, and containing an interesting and elaborate character of the public records in his synopsis of the several divisions and the specific custody. To this Keport was appended a general Catalogue, I., of the Dutch Colonial of the English Colonial Records and III., of the State Records and Kecords ; II., ; ;

from this statement it appeared that there were at that time in the Secretary's oflSce,

papers. altogether, 661 books, 324 maps, and 900 bundles of

But though the Report of Mr. Secretary Yates and the translations made by Mr. Van der Kemp had undoubtedly served to enlighten the public mind as to the historical value and importance of the archives of the State, there was still great misapprehension in regard to their actual extent and character. Apparently unheeded,

and allowed to moulder in neglect, a very large proportion of these records yet

remained in bundles, which were deposited in boxes or hidden in almost inaccessible corners in the old State Hall, without any proper arrangement or means for their

convenient examination. It is not surprising, under these circumstances, that while,

on the one hand, the public archives were known to be defective in many important respects, on the other hand the State should have been supposed to be less rich in historical records than it really was ; and that the attention of those whose minds had long been given to the subject should have been earnestly directed towards the best means of securing and increasing the literary property of the people by adding to it those materials for the illustration of their history which were preserved in the

on the one hand, the public archives were known to be defective in many important respects, on the other hand the State should have been supposed to be less rich in historical records than it really was ; and that the attention of those whose minds had long been given to the subject should have been earnestly directed towards the best means of securing and increasing the literary property of the people by adding to it those materials for the illustration of their history which were preserved in the

offices of Euroj^ean governments. The income of the deposit with the State of certain surplus moneys of the Federal government having then recently been set apart for the

promotion of public education, it was thought by many that a portion of this revenue might be properly applied towards the accomplishment of the object which had been originally suggested to the Legislature in 1814, in the memorial of the New -York Historical Society.

Accordingly, at a meeting of that Society on the 10th of April, 1838, a committee was appointed to solicit from the Legislature an annual grant, out of the income of the United States' Deposit Fund, to defray the expenses of procuring materials in Europe for the illustration of the history of the State. In pursuance of this action, a memorial was presented to the Legislature in behalf of the Historical Society ; but owing to the lateness of the period of the session, it was not judged expedient to press the application

Accordingly, at a meeting of that Society on the 10th of April, 1838, a committee was appointed to solicit from the Legislature an annual grant, out of the income of the United States' Deposit Fund, to defray the expenses of procuring materials in Europe for the illustration of the history of the State. In pursuance of this action, a memorial was presented to the Legislature in behalf of the Historical Society ; but owing to the lateness of the period of the session, it was not judged expedient to press the application

at that time. In the following December the Society again appointed a committee to present the subject at Albany, with a view of procuring an adequate appropriation for the purpose of obtaining copies of all the documents in the public offices of Holland

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GENERAL INTRODUCTION. xi

and England relating to the Colonial history of New -York. On the 8th of January, 1839, Mr. John L. Stephens, from this committee, accordingly reported the draft of the following memorial, which was adopted by the Society and ordered to be attested

and delivered to the committee to be by them presented to the Legislature.

"TO THE SENATE AND ASSEMBLY OF THE STATE OF NEW-YORK.

" The Memorial of the New- York Historical Society respectfully represents " That, by the charter received from your honorable body, your memorialists were entrusted with the performance of certain duties, and particularly were bound to collect and preserve documents, papers and evidences, and generally all materials relating to or in any way affecting the history of this State; that, in the prosecution of this object, they have collected, and now hold in safe keeping, many interesting and important documents and papers, which, but for your memorialists, would have been destroyed or lost. "And your memorialists represent that they have been advised by those who from official station had unusual opportunities and facilities for making researches, and have learned from other sources on which they can rely, that there are now in the archives and public offices of Holland and England many documents, letters, correspondences and papers, relating to and bearing upon and directly connected with the events and prominent persons of our Colonial history and of our War of Revolution; which said documents, letters, correspondences and papers contain matters in relation to the views and purposes of those governments in the treatnientof their Colony; the reports, opinions and advices of their Governors, Military Commanders, and other officers then resident here ; the population, resources and general condition of the country, and the character, temper and feeling of the people; all of which were studiously concealed from the colonists, and to a great extent are still unknown in this country.

"And your memorialists represent that they have been advised by those who from official station had unusual opportunities and facilities for making researches, and have learned from other sources on which they can rely, that there are now in the archives and public offices of Holland and England many documents, letters, correspondences and papers, relating to and bearing upon and directly connected with the events and prominent persons of our Colonial history and of our War of Revolution; which said documents, letters, correspondences and papers contain matters in relation to the views and purposes of those governments in the treatnientof their Colony; the reports, opinions and advices of their Governors, Military Commanders, and other officers then resident here ; the population, resources and general condition of the country, and the character, temper and feeling of the people; all of which were studiously concealed from the colonists, and to a great extent are still unknown in this country.

"And your memorialists represent that the said documents, letters, correspondences and papers illustrate and explain many uncertain passages in our Colonial history and our War of Revolution ; and that without them, or copies thereof, or access thereto, no true and perfect history of this State can ever be written. " And your memorialists represent that, under a sense of the importance of the trust reposed in them, and deeply solicitous to procure this valuable addition to the materials now under their control, they consider it make known to your honorable body that their their duty to means are inadequate to undertake the expense attendant thereon. And they represent further that, even if they did possess the means, they do not believe they could, in their own name, accomplish this object. The inspection of the archives of governments and the documents in public offices is not granted on the application of individuals, or even of private associations, but only on the request of a high power.

" And your memorialists represent that, under a sense of the importance of the trust reposed in them, and deeply solicitous to procure this valuable addition to the materials now under their control, they consider it make known to your honorable body that their their duty to means are inadequate to undertake the expense attendant thereon. And they represent further that, even if they did possess the means, they do not believe they could, in their own name, accomplish this object. The inspection of the archives of governments and the documents in public offices is not granted on the application of individuals, or even of private associations, but only on the request of a high power. " And your memorialists represent that an inspection of the said documents, letters,

correspondences and papers would be permitted, and copies thereof granted, upon formal application for that purpose, made in the name and by the authority of this State. Your memorialists entertain the belief, from the fact that such permission has been granted on the application of other States of our Confederacy ; and that an Agent appointed for that purpose by the State of Georgia is now in London, receiving every facility from the Departments of the English government.

Xa GENERAL INTRODUCTION. " And your memorialists represent tliat the present is a most favorable moment for such an application. It is a season of general peace, and great good feeling between our respective governments ; and opportunities and facilities are now afforded, in a spirit of tlie most

Your memorialists entertain the belief, from the fact that such permission has been granted on the application of other States of our Confederacy ; and that an Agent appointed for that purpose by the State of Georgia is now in London, receiving every facility from the Departments of the English government.

Xa GENERAL INTRODUCTION. " And your memorialists represent tliat the present is a most favorable moment for such an application. It is a season of general peace, and great good feeling between our respective governments ; and opportunities and facilities are now afforded, in a spirit of tlie most

friendly courtesy, which, in time of war, or even of a troubled political horizon, would be peremptorily refused. "And your memorialists represent that, in all probability, this is the only moment in which your honorable body will be called upon to give its aid in this matter, for it is only because of the special trust reposed in your memorialists that they have deemed it their duty to ask the interposition of your honorable body; and, though all might consider it a proper subject for the action of this State, its interest is too general and the prospect of success too remote to occupy the minds of individuals. Your memorialists do not believe that there will ever be a more favorable opportunity for renewing their request, and in all probability no such attempt will ever be made by others. " And your memorialists believe that it is worthy the ambition of the Empire State to have under its own control the materials for writing its history. Already, in its rapid increase of population and resources, it stands as a wonder in the history of the world in a few years :

Your memorialists do not believe that there will ever be a more favorable opportunity for renewing their request, and in all probability no such attempt will ever be made by others. " And your memorialists believe that it is worthy the ambition of the Empire State to have under its own control the materials for writing its history. Already, in its rapid increase of population and resources, it stands as a wonder in the history of the world in a few years :

itschanges will almost surpass human belief, and then, the smallest scrap which illustrates its former condition will be regarded as a precious memorial. Indeed, even now it is precious ; for -- with a full knowledge of all that has been attempted upon this subject -- your memorialists represent that the History of the State of New-York remains yet to be written. " To the end that the Historian may come to this work with all the advantages which its importance demands, your memorialists pray " That an appropriation be made by your honorable body, at its present session, for the purpose of defraying the expenses of an Agent, to be sent, under the direction of this Society, in the name and by the authority of this State, to ask for and procure from the governments of England and Holland, if possible, the originals, and if not, copies, of all documents, letters, correspondences and papers in their archives and public offices, which relate to or in any way affect our Colonial history and our War of Revolution ; and that the same, when procured, be deposited for safe keeping with your memorialists. "P. G. STUYVESANT, [ L. s. ] "President of the New -York Historical Society. " JOHN C. JAY, " Rec. Secretary of the New - York Historical Society."

" To the end that the Historian may come to this work with all the advantages which its importance demands, your memorialists pray " That an appropriation be made by your honorable body, at its present session, for the purpose of defraying the expenses of an Agent, to be sent, under the direction of this Society, in the name and by the authority of this State, to ask for and procure from the governments of England and Holland, if possible, the originals, and if not, copies, of all documents, letters, correspondences and papers in their archives and public offices, which relate to or in any way affect our Colonial history and our War of Revolution ; and that the same, when procured, be deposited for safe keeping with your memorialists. "P. G. STUYVESANT, [ L. s. ] "President of the New -York Historical Society. " JOHN C. JAY, " Rec. Secretary of the New - York Historical Society."

This memorial was communicated to the Legislature, in the following message from the Governor to the Assembly, on the 5th of February, 1839 :

" I have the honor to transmit a memorial from the New -York Historical Society, praying for the passage of a law authorizing the appointment of an Agent to visit Europe, to transcribe documents remaining in the public offices of the governments of England and Holland, illustrating the Colonial history of this State. " It would advance the cause of free government throughout the world, and it is due to ourselves, to the memory of our predecessors, and to a just regard for the respect of posterity, that every important circumstance connected with the rise and progress of our free institutions should be recorded and illustrated.

" I have the honor to transmit a memorial from the New -York Historical Society, praying for the passage of a law authorizing the appointment of an Agent to visit Europe, to transcribe documents remaining in the public offices of the governments of England and Holland, illustrating the Colonial history of this State. " It would advance the cause of free government throughout the world, and it is due to ourselves, to the memory of our predecessors, and to a just regard for the respect of posterity, that every important circumstance connected with the rise and progress of our free institutions should be recorded and illustrated.

GENERAL INTRODUCTION. xiii

" It is believed that we have, hitherto, manifested a singular indifference in regard to this object. The English government has made a munificent gift to our State Library of records illustrating the early history of that nation. Massachusetts has taken care to preserve the resources for her history, during the Revolutionary contest, by causing to be published the Journals of her Colonial Congress. The State of Georgia has now an Agent in London, engaged in obtaining copies of the records belonging to that State. This State has certainly not less interest in rescuing and preserving the memorials of her Colonial condition. " I respectfully commend the petition of ' The New-York Historical Society' to the favorable consideration of the Legislature. " WILLIAM H. SEWARD."

This message of the Governor and the accompanying memorial of the Historical Society were referred by the House of Assembly to a select committee, who, on the 19th of February, 1839, made the following report, by their Chairman, Mr. Chapin:

This State has certainly not less interest in rescuing and preserving the memorials of her Colonial condition. " I respectfully commend the petition of ' The New-York Historical Society' to the favorable consideration of the Legislature. " WILLIAM H. SEWARD."

This message of the Governor and the accompanying memorial of the Historical Society were referred by the House of Assembly to a select committee, who, on the 19th of February, 1839, made the following report, by their Chairman, Mr. Chapin:

" That the subject of the communication and memorial has received from the committee the attention to which the opinion of the Executive is entitled, and which the objects of the memorialists seem to claim. " The committee are agreed in believing with his Excellency that upon this subject 'we have hitherto manifested a singular indifference,' and that it is due to ourselves, to the memory '

of our predecessors, and to a just regard for the respect of posterity, that every important circumstance connected with the rise and progress of our free institutions should be recorded.' Nor are they less united in believing that the annals of our Colonial history, now secured in the archives of foreign governments, would, if transcribed and made public, reveal facts of the greatest interest to the State. " The memorialists constitute the Historical Society of the State of New-York, and were chartered for the important purpose of collecting and preserving documents, papers, evidences, and generally all materials relating to or in any way connected with the history of this State. In discbarge of the duties thus imposed upon them, and in pursuance of the objects thus intrusted by the Legislature to their care, they have been for many years ardently and faithfully engaged in securing from the wreck of time numerous and valuable memorials of our early history, which, but for their laudable efforts, would have been consigned to oblivion.

" The memorialists constitute the Historical Society of the State of New-York, and were chartered for the important purpose of collecting and preserving documents, papers, evidences, and generally all materials relating to or in any way connected with the history of this State. In discbarge of the duties thus imposed upon them, and in pursuance of the objects thus intrusted by the Legislature to their care, they have been for many years ardently and faithfully engaged in securing from the wreck of time numerous and valuable memorials of our early history, which, but for their laudable efforts, would have been consigned to oblivion. In the prosecution of purposes so important and ennobling, the memorialists, it should be observed, have been limited in their researches to our own country, while it is equally remarkable that a great mass of materials relative to our Colonial history are hid from view and secured within the offices of transatlantic governments. Separated thus far distant from tlie most fruitful

sources of information on this subject, it is but reasonable to suppose that their efforts have been materially restricted and their usefulness abridged. Superadded to this, there has ever existed a great difficulty, if not an impossibility, in obtaining access to the documents, papers, &c., so valuable in illustrating our history, and which, if sought for, have eluded research from the want of that legislative sanction and authority now desired by your memorialists. " Impressed with these considerations, and encouraged by the counsel and inuflence of the most distinguished of our citizens, the petitioners represent that they are desirous to obtain

Superadded to this, there has ever existed a great difficulty, if not an impossibility, in obtaining access to the documents, papers, &c., so valuable in illustrating our history, and which, if sought for, have eluded research from the want of that legislative sanction and authority now desired by your memorialists. " Impressed with these considerations, and encouraged by the counsel and inuflence of the most distinguished of our citizens, the petitioners represent that they are desirous to obtain

^ GENERAL INTRODUCTION.

the passage of a law by this Legislature, authorizing the appointment of an Agent to visit Europe, and, under the sanction of legislative enactment, to transcribe the documentary papers there to be found, having reference to the history of this State. They further represent that they have been advised by many, high in official stations, that there are great numbers of letters, records and official documents in England, Holland and France, detailing the particulars

of our primitive and Revolutionary history, and those relating to public and private negotiations, to distinguished individuals and influential associations, to the plans of foreign governments in their treatment of the Colonies, to the character of our people, and to the nature and resources of our arts and arms. And it is also represented, with like truth and force, as your committee believe, that at no period of our history have circumstances been so auspicious for the prosecution and successful issue of their purposes as those presented at this time. Not only are the relations between the governments referred to and our own more intimate and better understood than heretofore, but the increased facilities of intercommunication, and the mutual dependencies of trade, and reciprocity of public and private favors are such as to render the present truly propitious for the execution of the designs contemplated by the memorialists.

And it is also represented, with like truth and force, as your committee believe, that at no period of our history have circumstances been so auspicious for the prosecution and successful issue of their purposes as those presented at this time. Not only are the relations between the governments referred to and our own more intimate and better understood than heretofore, but the increased facilities of intercommunication, and the mutual dependencies of trade, and reciprocity of public and private favors are such as to render the present truly propitious for the execution of the designs contemplated by the memorialists. " The importance of these facts has induced other States and associated bodies to become

enlisted in the extension of similar objects; and it is reasonably inferred, the committee think, that the State of New-York -- behind none in her extent and population, her arts and her commerce, the productions of her soil, the interest and variety of her historical reminiscences, and the intelligence and public spirit of her citizens -- will not, on this subject, remain unfaithful

to her honor, her interests and her fame. " Among the early Colonies and the people composing the inhabitants of our newly discovered country, none were more distinguished than New-York and its enterprising citizens; and up to the present moment it has continued to develope the elements of its greatness, thus characteristic of the Empire State. In the drama of our Colonial and National history, she was, and continues to be, proudly eminent. Her soil, her streams and her people are known to fame. History, faint as it is, reveals her crimsoned plains, her bulwarks of military and naval art, and the chivalry of her sons. The virtues, the heroism and the councils of her citizens were feltand appreciated during the primitive condition of our common country, and while our united energies were called forth in the cause of freedom.

In the drama of our Colonial and National history, she was, and continues to be, proudly eminent. Her soil, her streams and her people are known to fame. History, faint as it is, reveals her crimsoned plains, her bulwarks of military and naval art, and the chivalry of her sons. The virtues, the heroism and the councils of her citizens were feltand appreciated during the primitive condition of our common country, and while our united energies were called forth in the cause of freedom. But, though History has not denied us the evidences of these truths, yet how much more may she not do for the honor of our State and the glory of our ancestors, when our own historians are admitted to all the sources of her historic treasures! "It is worthy of remark that the only ostensive history of the State of New -York was written by an Englishman, and dedicated to the Right Honorable George, Earl of Stanhope, Commissioner of Trade and Plantations, &c. The extent and character of this history may be estimated from the confession and announcement of the author, in his declaration that it was but a narrative,' and that it deserves not the name of history.' And further, in his ' '

dedication, that 'it was not presented for his Lordship's information,'' as 'all the world knows that the aSiiirs of the British Colonies have been for several years past under his principal direction, and the wisdom of the measures pursued for their prosperity and defence are indisputable arguments of his acquaintance with their condition.' "Thus were the details of our Colonial history, and all the 'wisdom' displayed in the government of the Colonies, presumed to have been condensed within the cranium of his right honorable lordship.

dedication, that 'it was not presented for his Lordship's information,'' as 'all the world knows that the aSiiirs of the British Colonies have been for several years past under his principal direction, and the wisdom of the measures pursued for their prosperity and defence are indisputable arguments of his acquaintance with their condition.' "Thus were the details of our Colonial history, and all the 'wisdom' displayed in the government of the Colonies, presumed to have been condensed within the cranium of his right honorable lordship.

GENERAL INTRODUCTION. XV "The further usefulness of the author to this Province and to posterity, it might be added, was prematurely arrested by his refusal to renounce his allegiance to the Crown at the most critical juncture of our history -- his confinement at the ' Livingston Manor' -- his transportation to New-York by General Washington, and his subsequent shipment to the land of his birth and of his choice. "From the Dutch history of 'New Netherland,' a pamphlet published at Amsterdam, may, in like manner, be gathered the fruitful events of our Provincial history up to the time of that elaborate work, eschewing, always, the veritable Knickerbocker. " From a notice of these particulars, it is submitted, by your committee, whether the history of the State of New-York ought not to rest on higher and safer authority than that referred to, and whether it should not be written by one of her own citizens possessed of the materials, to be derived from the sources before mentioned, and from the researches and under the supervision of the State Historical Society. "During the period from 1609, when our shores were first discovered and our noble river ascended by Henry Hudson, to 1614, and while as a Dutch Colony, up to 1664, and subsequently as an English Colony, from that date to 1776, it was well known that the most intimaterelations existed between the colonists and the mother countries, and that the numerous records, documents and continuous correspondence of the governmental agents and others were, as they duly should have been, filed and preserved in the various offices of the respective governments.

"During the period from 1609, when our shores were first discovered and our noble river ascended by Henry Hudson, to 1614, and while as a Dutch Colony, up to 1664, and subsequently as an English Colony, from that date to 1776, it was well known that the most intimaterelations existed between the colonists and the mother countries, and that the numerous records, documents and continuous correspondence of the governmental agents and others were, as they duly should have been, filed and preserved in the various offices of the respective governments. These related to the occurrence and cause of successive events, to public officers and prominent persons among the colonists, to the character and productions of our new country, and to the feelings and sufferings of our virtuous and heroic ancestors. In addition to these, they related, at a later and still more interesting period of our history, to the events that brought about the War of Revolution, to the political views and acts of our people, to our condition and resources, to our councils, and to the policy of the parent government in connection with the reports and advices of military and naval commanders and civil and judicial officers. " Nor are the particulars here noticed to be obtained alone from the archives of England and Holland. The government of France is presumed to be in possession of documentary papers having reference to the part she took in our Revolutionary struggle, to her subsequent relations to this country, and to ' the French and Indian wars,' which by no means form the least affecting and important portion of our Colonial history. " The military operations of the French in our State, their erection of fortifications at various points, and the events which transpired -- often tragical in their character -- should be subjects of lively interest with the descendants from those who braved the toils and dangers incident to their defenceless condition and the merciless warfare of their enemies.

The government of France is presumed to be in possession of documentary papers having reference to the part she took in our Revolutionary struggle, to her subsequent relations to this country, and to ' the French and Indian wars,' which by no means form the least affecting and important portion of our Colonial history. " The military operations of the French in our State, their erection of fortifications at various points, and the events which transpired -- often tragical in their character -- should be subjects of lively interest with the descendants from those who braved the toils and dangers incident to their defenceless condition and the merciless warfare of their enemies. " While, then, our Colonial history has been unequaled by that of any other Province in its fruitfulness of incidents and in its relative importance to the Colonies, your committee are of opinion that it claims to be faithfully recorded ; and that the efforts of the memorialists, to accomplish a work so desirable and useful, justly merit the sanction and patronage of the Legislature. " It may not be unimportant to add that, while the Colonial history of this State is seen to be thus fraught with local and general interest, it is characterized by the existence of the most singular relics of art, the origin of which has hitherto baffled the inquiries of the philosophic and curious, but which reveal the startling fact that, at a period long antecedent to all knowledge of our ancestors, it was signalized as the theatre of great aud strange events.

" It may not be unimportant to add that, while the Colonial history of this State is seen to be thus fraught with local and general interest, it is characterized by the existence of the most singular relics of art, the origin of which has hitherto baffled the inquiries of the philosophic and curious, but which reveal the startling fact that, at a period long antecedent to all knowledge of our ancestors, it was signalized as the theatre of great aud strange events.

xvi GENERAL INTRODUCTION. " Many of these, like the chronicles of our own times now sought to be saved fronn the same oblivious fate, are fast disappearing before the modern ' march of improvement' and the destructive influence of lime, while others, if known to the early colonists, have sunk into ruin and forgetfulness. " It appears to the committee, from a review of the subject submitted to their examination and opinion, that it would be worthy of the pride and ambition of our citizens to encourage the enterprise of the memorialists, and to secure for the State the materials for its enlarged history. And your committee believe that no subject is calculated to inspire us with a stronger love of freedom and of country than the records of the times and the chivalric deeds of our fathers -- those who gave us life, liberty, and a country made sacred by their blood. Ingratitude alone must be our apology in failing to cherish the memory and the annals of their history. Nor is it less an obligation to our predecessors, than a duty to posterity, that we encourage the perpetuity of their examples of virtue and of patriotism. " In the execution of the purposes set forth by the memorialists, and commended by the Governor, it is represented that two years should be employed, and that an expenditure of $4000 may accomplish the work.

Ingratitude alone must be our apology in failing to cherish the memory and the annals of their history. Nor is it less an obligation to our predecessors, than a duty to posterity, that we encourage the perpetuity of their examples of virtue and of patriotism. " In the execution of the purposes set forth by the memorialists, and commended by the Governor, it is represented that two years should be employed, and that an expenditure of $4000 may accomplish the work. " This amount, though less than that suggested by the inclination of the committee, has been deemed to be an adequate appropriation, which, while it may insure the successful issue of the enterprise, will not be thought unworthy the Empire State for the accomplishment of an object which cannot fail to prove honorable to iier fame. " With these views of the subject, the committee submit the accompanying bill."

The bill reported by the select committee, having duly passed both Houses of the Legislature, was signed by the Governor on the 2d of May, 1839, and is as follows:

"AN ACT TO APPOINT AN AGENT TO PROCURE AND TRANSCRIBE DOCUMENTS IN EUROPE RELATIVE TO THE COLONIAL HISTORY OF THIS STATE. " Passed Mat 2, 1839.

" The People of the Stale of Ncw-TorJc, represented in Senate and Assemhlrj, do enact as follows: " Section 1. An Agent shall be appointed by the Governor of this State, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, to visit England, Holland and France, for the purpose of procuring, if possible, the originals, and if not, copies, of all such documents and papers, in the archives and offices of those governments relating to or in any way affecting the Colonial or other history of this State, as he may deem important to illustrate that history.

An Agent shall be appointed by the Governor of this State, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, to visit England, Holland and France, for the purpose of procuring, if possible, the originals, and if not, copies, of all such documents and papers, in the archives and offices of those governments relating to or in any way affecting the Colonial or other history of this State, as he may deem important to illustrate that history. "% 2. The said documents and papers, when procured, shall be deposited in the office of the Secretary of this State, subject to the use of the State Historical Society. " >^ 3. A sum not exceeding four thousand dollars is hereby appropriated for defraying the expenses of said Agent."

The words of this act are very broad and indefinite, and they seem to have been purposely made so. What was evidently intended was, that the Agent should select

GENERAL INTRODUCTION. xvii

and obtain, in Europe, historical documents and papers, which, when procured, were to be added to and form a part of the existing records of the State, at Albany. He was necessarily invested with a large discretion ; he was to procure as much additional material as he could ; and his scope of selection was limited only by the comprehensive restriction to such documents "relating to or in any way affecting the Colonial or other history" of New -York, as, in his own judgment, he might " deem important to

and obtain, in Europe, historical documents and papers, which, when procured, were to be added to and form a part of the existing records of the State, at Albany. He was necessarily invested with a large discretion ; he was to procure as much additional material as he could ; and his scope of selection was limited only by the comprehensive restriction to such documents "relating to or in any way affecting the Colonial or other history" of New -York, as, in his own judgment, he might " deem important to

illustrate" that history.

Under this law, the names of sevei'al gentlemen connected with antiquarian investigations were suggested as fit and proper to execute its duties ; and in March, 1840, the Historical Society, through its President, Mr. Peter A. Jay, addressed an official letter to the Governor, reminding him that two distinguished citizens of the State

were then representing the United States government abroad -- Mr. Henry Wiieaton, at Berlin, and Mr. Harmanus Blbecker, at the Hague -- whose public would position

give them superior facilities for research, and who would no doubt cheerfully superintend the execution of the contemplated work ; and the Society accordingly recommended that one or the other of these gentlemen should be appointed Agent of the State. Various circumstances, however, delayed the execution of the act. At length, on the 15th of January, 1841, nearly two years after the passage of the law, Mr. John RoMEYN Brodhead was commissioned as Agent. He had resided during the previous year in Holland, with Mr. Bleecker, attached to the American Legation at the Hague, and was to some extent familiar with the peculiar duty he was expected to perform. In order, however, to avoid what was felt to be the chief inconvenience in the execution of his mission, namely, the procuring of duplicates of documents already in the possession of the State, the Agent spent several weeks in a careful examination of the principal historical records in the Secretary's office at Albany.

Bleecker, attached to the American Legation at the Hague, and was to some extent familiar with the peculiar duty he was expected to perform. In order, however, to avoid what was felt to be the chief inconvenience in the execution of his mission, namely, the procuring of duplicates of documents already in the possession of the State, the Agent spent several weeks in a careful examination of the principal historical records in the Secretary's office at Albany. They were at that time, to a great degree, in the comparatively unarranged and confused condition already described ;

and the investigation of them was necessarily imperfect and unsatisfactory. There was no catalogue or abstract sufficient to indicate their dates or contents. Notwithstanding these unfavorable circumstances, copious notes and memoranda were made by the Agent, and every precaution was taken to secure the means to assist and guide his judgment as far as possible, when he should be engaged in his investigations in the foreign archives.

Previous to his departure for Europe, the Agent received the following instructions from the Governor:

GENERAL INTRODUCTION.

" STATE OF NEW-YORK; >

"Executive Department,) " Albany, March 2'ttk, 1841.

"To John Romeyn Brodhead, Esquire :

" The Legislature of tliis State having on the 2d day of May, 1S39, passed an act for the appointment of an Agent to visit England, Holland and France for the purpose of procuring the originals or copies of such documents and papers, in the archives of those governments, relating to the Colonial and other history of this State as are important to illustrate that history, and you having been duly appointed such Agent, and being about to proceed in the execution of your duties, it seems to be proper that I should communicate to you the views entertained by the Executive in relation thereto.

" The Legislature of tliis State having on the 2d day of May, 1S39, passed an act for the appointment of an Agent to visit England, Holland and France for the purpose of procuring the originals or copies of such documents and papers, in the archives of those governments, relating to the Colonial and other history of this State as are important to illustrate that history, and you having been duly appointed such Agent, and being about to proceed in the execution of your duties, it seems to be proper that I should communicate to you the views entertained by the Executive in relation thereto. " This communication is to be regarded as advisory only. The language of the acts is quite indeQnite, and was undoubtedly designedly made so, in order to leave the Agent at liberty to exercise a sound and wise discretion, according to the circumstances affecting the object of his mission. In recommending those objects to the Legislature, I observed that their successful accomplishment would advance the cause of free government throughout the world, and that it was due to ourselves and to the memory of our predecessors, and to a just regard for the

respect of posterity, that every important circumstance connected with the rise and progress of our free institutions should be recorded and illustrated. " The general policy of the European governments towards their transatlantic possessions has been heretofore studied by us chiefly in the acts of their agents here, while its comparative unimportance in the domestic history of those States has caused it to be often overlooked or superficially treated by European historians. It is represented to us that there are now, in the archives and public offices of Holland and England, many papers relating to the events and persons prominent in our local history anterior to and through the Revolution.

" The general policy of the European governments towards their transatlantic possessions has been heretofore studied by us chiefly in the acts of their agents here, while its comparative unimportance in the domestic history of those States has caused it to be often overlooked or superficially treated by European historians. It is represented to us that there are now, in the archives and public offices of Holland and England, many papers relating to the events and persons prominent in our local history anterior to and through the Revolution. Among such papers may be expected to be found reports, advices, and other communications from the Colonial Governors, Military Commanders, the early colonists, and other individuals resident here. " The policy of France, in establishing her military positions upon this continent, is regarded among the most important and interesting particulars of our history; and her long struggle to retain those positions exercised a great influence for a long period upon the condition, disposition and purposes of the people of New-York. It is, I presume, chiefly with a view to obtaining authentic evidence concerning this part of our history tiiat you are expected to visit that country. " It would be highly interesting to obtain the originals or copies of the instructions forwarded to the French and English Governors of Canada to learn the views which possessed ;

them, of a commercial, military or colonizing character; their expectations of the future growth of their settlements bordering upon the colony of New-York their expenditures and ;

It is, I presume, chiefly with a view to obtaining authentic evidence concerning this part of our history tiiat you are expected to visit that country. " It would be highly interesting to obtain the originals or copies of the instructions forwarded to the French and English Governors of Canada to learn the views which possessed ;

them, of a commercial, military or colonizing character; their expectations of the future growth of their settlements bordering upon the colony of New-York their expenditures and ;

receipts; the nature and extent of their alliance with the Indian tribes; and the history of their expeditions across the St. Lawrence, and of their posts upon Lake Ontario and the Riv. r Niagara, so far as developed by official reports, or memorials from the foreign departments under whose administration these various operations took place. " It will be equally important to obtain in England the copies of those papers relating to the occupation of the Colony, which are said to have been removed to the mother country,

GENERAL INTRODUCTION. xix

together with such official documents, memoirs and statistical details as were doubtless communicated from time to time to the British government by its agents here. Among these transactions, the conduct of Sir William Johnson, his agency with the Indians, iiis communications to his government, and his views as to the extension of the British power, would be particularly valuable. The expedition of Colonel NicoUs has never yet been known to us in all its details. The capture of the city of Albany, under his orders, has found as yet but a few lines on the pages of the historian. " The Dutch records have furnished us with a vast amount of information relating to the Colony while in subordination to the West India Company; but the official reports of Governors Van Twiller, Stuyvesant, Kieft, &c., to the father-land, and the documents which must necessarily have been communicated from time to time by those zealous agents, are yet to become a part of the materials of our history.

The capture of the city of Albany, under his orders, has found as yet but a few lines on the pages of the historian. " The Dutch records have furnished us with a vast amount of information relating to the Colony while in subordination to the West India Company; but the official reports of Governors Van Twiller, Stuyvesant, Kieft, &c., to the father-land, and the documents which must necessarily have been communicated from time to time by those zealous agents, are yet to become a part of the materials of our history. " Many details in relation to the patents, manorial rights, &c., and much information relating to the Indian trade, will no doubt be gleaned from the archives which may become accessible. " All these, as far as the appropriation will permit, after defraying your necessary expenses and the private charges which will attend you in your various journeys, will become matter of interest to you in your general investigations. <'You are advised to proceed first to Holland, to ascertain what documents and papers require your attention there ; to England, and institute a similar examination then to proceed there. Having thus ascertained what will be most important in those countries, you will proceed to solicit the originals, or cause transcripts to be made, as circumstances shall indicate. While this is going forward in those countries, you will have leisure to proceed to Paris, in performance of your duties at that capital. " You will from time to time report to the Executive of this State, and will be at liberty at

" All these, as far as the appropriation will permit, after defraying your necessary expenses and the private charges which will attend you in your various journeys, will become matter of interest to you in your general investigations. <'You are advised to proceed first to Holland, to ascertain what documents and papers require your attention there ; to England, and institute a similar examination then to proceed there. Having thus ascertained what will be most important in those countries, you will proceed to solicit the originals, or cause transcripts to be made, as circumstances shall indicate. While this is going forward in those countries, you will have leisure to proceed to Paris, in performance of your duties at that capital. " You will from time to time report to the Executive of this State, and will be at liberty at

all times to seek advice from him in regard to the discharge of the duties of your mission. You will ship to the address of the Secretary of State any books or parcels you deem it

important to be sent to this country. •

"You will be allowed at the rate of two thousand dollars per annum, payable quarterly, for your compensation, besides your traveling expenses and disbursements for the purposes of your mission. You have already received an advance of fifteen hundred dollars. On rendering accounts for one thousand dollars of that sum, you may draw upon the Comptroller for another sum of one thousand dollars in advance, in like manner, and so on, accounting and drawing the extent of the amount appropriated in the bill.

"You will be allowed at the rate of two thousand dollars per annum, payable quarterly, for your compensation, besides your traveling expenses and disbursements for the purposes of your mission. You have already received an advance of fifteen hundred dollars. On rendering accounts for one thousand dollars of that sum, you may draw upon the Comptroller for another sum of one thousand dollars in advance, in like manner, and so on, accounting and drawing the extent of the amount appropriated in the bill.

" In testimony whereof, I have hereunto subscribed my name, and caused the [ L. s. ] great seal of the State to be affixed, this twenty-seventh day of March, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and forty-one, and of the Independence of the United States of America the sixty-fifth. " WILLIAM H. SEWARD."

In pursuance of his commission and instructions, Mr. Bkodhead embarked for Europe on the first of May, 1841. He commenced his investigations in the archives at the Hague in the following summer ; and for nearly three years was diligently engaged in prosecuting his labors in the several Record offices of Holland, England and

XX GENERAL INTRODUCTION.

Trance. It was necessary, in the first place, to procure the official authority from the

proper departments of government, without which the documents the Agent was instructed to procure could neither he inspected nor copied. In Holland and in France,

the requisite permission was readily and liberally granted. But in England the official regulations were much more embarrassing.

He commenced his investigations in the archives at the Hague in the following summer ; and for nearly three years was diligently engaged in prosecuting his labors in the several Record offices of Holland, England and

XX GENERAL INTRODUCTION.

Trance. It was necessary, in the first place, to procure the official authority from the

proper departments of government, without which the documents the Agent was instructed to procure could neither he inspected nor copied. In Holland and in France,

the requisite permission was readily and liberally granted. But in England the official regulations were much more embarrassing.

When, at length, fairly engaged in his researches, the Agent found himself

surrounded with difficulties, which, though to some extent he had anticipated, he had no means of entirely overcoming. Among much that was altogether new and of invaluable importance to the American historian, there was also found in the archives,

especially of England, much that was more or less familiar. With the imperfect

memoranda which he had been able to make of papers already in possession of the State, the Agent was constantly exposed to the chance of copying duplicates and the more ;

so, as he was obliged to make his selections upon a prompt exercise of judgment, and without proper opportunities for comparison. All documents about which there was no doubt were at once selected for transcription ; and, on the other hand, such as were

positively known to be in existence at Albany, in a complete form, were passed by.

memoranda which he had been able to make of papers already in possession of the State, the Agent was constantly exposed to the chance of copying duplicates and the more ;

so, as he was obliged to make his selections upon a prompt exercise of judgment, and without proper opportunities for comparison. All documents about which there was no doubt were at once selected for transcription ; and, on the other hand, such as were

positively known to be in existence at Albany, in a complete form, were passed by.

But the temptation to secure everything in any way illustrating our history, of the actual possession of which, by the State, there appeared to be any uncertainty, was ever

strong. The duty of the Agent, as defined by the law, was to procure all such documents, " relating to or in any way affecting the Colonial or other history" of New- York, as he might " deem important to illustrate that history ;" and in executing this very comprehensive trust he was instructed to use a " sound and wise discretion." It

was thought that this discretion would be most advantageously exercised by securing, while there was a favorable opportunity of doing so, all papers coming within the terms of the law, the suppression or omission of which might, in the judgment of competent historical authority, leave incomplete the public records of the State. Moreover, it was always considered that the object of the Agency was to add documents to the archives of the State, and not to procure and prepare the materials of a work for publication. Besides, the existence of duplicates of documents from different sources,

was thought that this discretion would be most advantageously exercised by securing, while there was a favorable opportunity of doing so, all papers coming within the terms of the law, the suppression or omission of which might, in the judgment of competent historical authority, leave incomplete the public records of the State. Moreover, it was always considered that the object of the Agency was to add documents to the archives of the State, and not to procure and prepare the materials of a work for publication. Besides, the existence of duplicates of documents from different sources,

in all public collections of papers, is known to be not only universal but oftentimes desirable, as such duplicates tend to verification. The Agent accordingly thought it to be his duty rather to risk redundancy than deficiency ; and in all cases of doubt he preferred to secure papers with a liberal hand, while it was in his power to do so, leaving the question of their relative importance and their entire publication to be

considered and settled afterwards, when ampler opportunity should be afforded for comparison and discrimination.

GENERAL INTRODUCTION. xxi

Soon after commencing his investigations in Europe, the Agent found that, owing to the large number of documents discovered, and the necessary expenses of their

transcription, the original appropriation by the Legislature would be insufficient.

Eeports were from time to time addressed to the Governor, who communicated them to the Legislature ; and further sums of three thousand dollars on the 11th of April, 1842, and five thousand dollars on the 13th of April, 1843, were voted to defray the expenses of the Agency. Having at length executed his duty as fully as he could, Mr. Brodhead returned home in the summer of 1844, and was occupied during the rest of that year in arranging and indexing the documents he had procured.

Eeports were from time to time addressed to the Governor, who communicated them to the Legislature ; and further sums of three thousand dollars on the 11th of April, 1842, and five thousand dollars on the 13th of April, 1843, were voted to defray the expenses of the Agency. Having at length executed his duty as fully as he could, Mr. Brodhead returned home in the summer of 1844, and was occupied during the rest of that year in arranging and indexing the documents he had procured. These formed

eighty volumes, and were deposited in the office of the Secretary of State, at Albany, where they now remain. Early in 1845, the Agent presented to the Governor his final report, giving a

detailed statement of his proceedings and of their results, which was communicated to the Legislature in the following message :

" EXECUTIVE CHAMBER, •)

"Albany, 21 Feb., 1845.5

« TO THE LEGISLATURE.

" Herewith I have the honor to transmit the final report of the Agent of the State, appointed in pursuance of the provisions of the act of the 2d May, 1839, to procure and transcribe '

Documents in Europe, relative to the Colonial history of this State.' The report presents a brief but very clear history of the progress of the Agency, of the difficulties encountered, and of the general results accomplished, and will be read with the interest belonging to the suhject. " My pressing engagements have not allowed me time to make myself acquainted with the documents which the Agent has secured, or with the expenditures which have been incurred, beyond the statements of the report now transmitted ; and I cannot, therefore, speak of the degree of success realized from the establishment of the Agency, or of the economy which has characterized the expenditure of the moneys appropriated.

Documents in Europe, relative to the Colonial history of this State.' The report presents a brief but very clear history of the progress of the Agency, of the difficulties encountered, and of the general results accomplished, and will be read with the interest belonging to the suhject. " My pressing engagements have not allowed me time to make myself acquainted with the documents which the Agent has secured, or with the expenditures which have been incurred, beyond the statements of the report now transmitted ; and I cannot, therefore, speak of the degree of success realized from the establishment of the Agency, or of the economy which has characterized the expenditure of the moneys appropriated. " It will be seen, from the closing paragraphs of the report, that the Agent is in advance, to meet the expenses which have been incurred, over and above his own compensation, for the last portion of the period of his service. His account is not submitted to me, but will of course, I presume, be ready for presentation to the Legislature, whenever its action in the matter shall require it. " The schedules of documents accompanying the report I have not found it possible to command the time even to read, although the transmission of the report has been delayed for some days, in the hope that so much leisure might be found. Any further delay would only abridge the time which will be allowed to the Legislature to make these examinations, and to take the necessary action to bring the Agency to a final close and the accounts of the Agent to a settlement and liquidation. Hence, the report and accompanying papers are

" The schedules of documents accompanying the report I have not found it possible to command the time even to read, although the transmission of the report has been delayed for some days, in the hope that so much leisure might be found. Any further delay would only abridge the time which will be allowed to the Legislature to make these examinations, and to take the necessary action to bring the Agency to a final close and the accounts of the Agent to a settlement and liquidation. Hence, the report and accompanying papers are

xxii GENERAL INTRODUCTION. transmitted without the information which enables me to make any recommendation, or even suggestions, as to the legislation called for or the appropriations required. " SILAS WRIGHT.

« ' REPORT OF JOHN ROMEYN BRODHEAD.

" ' To His Excellency, Silas Weight, " ' Governor of the State of New -York. " ' Sir -- have now the honor to lay before you a I final report of my proceedings, as Agent of the State of New-York, under the act entitled " An act to appoint an Agent to procure and transcribe documents in Europe relative to the Colonial history of this State," passed May 2, 1839, and of the results of my researches in the archives of Holland, England and France. "' Before, however, detailing these proceedings, it may not be out of place to refer briefly

to the circumstances which led to the passage of the act of the Legislature by which the enterprise now brought to a conclusion was sanctioned. " ' This Agency is the result of the antiquarian spirit that has lately gained so much ground in our country. That spirit, growing and freshening with the advance of years, has been greatly strengthened and fostered by the exertions of the New-York Historical Society ; an institution which, it is but faint praise to say, has more than fulfilled the high hopes entertained of its future value and influence, by its projectors, in the year 1804.

" ' This Agency is the result of the antiquarian spirit that has lately gained so much ground in our country. That spirit, growing and freshening with the advance of years, has been greatly strengthened and fostered by the exertions of the New-York Historical Society ; an institution which, it is but faint praise to say, has more than fulfilled the high hopes entertained of its future value and influence, by its projectors, in the year 1804. Exerting itself laudably in times of difficulty -- struggling with adversity, and braving obstacles -- its important objects gradually became appreciated by the public ; and in the year 1814 a memoi'ial, drawn up by the late Governor De Witt Clinton, then vice-president of the society, stating in a clear and masterly manner the objects of the institution, was presented to the Legislature, and was so favorably received as to induce the grant of twelve thousand dollars in aid of the funds of the society. Its library to this day remains a noble monument of the munificence of the State and of the liberality of individuals. "In this memorial, the prescient mind of Clinton suggested, in effect, the measure which it '

was left to after days to see carried into execution. Referring to the gaps and deficiencies in our own existing records, the papers of the Dutch West India Company and the archives of the then government of the Netherlands were pointed out as the sources whence materials for the Dutch portion of our history were to be obtained; and the recoi'ds of the Plantation Office (Board of Trade) in London, and tlie library of the British Museum, were also alluded to, as affording an important and inestimable fund of information respecting the period of our subjection to the Crown of Great Britain.

Referring to the gaps and deficiencies in our own existing records, the papers of the Dutch West India Company and the archives of the then government of the Netherlands were pointed out as the sources whence materials for the Dutch portion of our history were to be obtained; and the recoi'ds of the Plantation Office (Board of Trade) in London, and tlie library of the British Museum, were also alluded to, as affording an important and inestimable fund of information respecting the period of our subjection to the Crown of Great Britain. The public offices in Canada, it was also suggested, might contain much of interest to our historians. But circumstances for a long time prevented any direct effort being made by the society to obtain the favorable consideration of the subject by the Legislature, and it was not until the year 1838 that any formal steps were taken in the matter. In the month of April of that year, upon the motion of Mr. George Folsom, a memorial was prepared and presented to the Legislature, urging the importance of an investigation of European archives, for the purpose of procuring those materials for the illustration of our history which our own State records could not furnish ; and praying the State to undertake, for the benefit of the people, an enterprise the society of their own means were unable to carry into execution. This memorial, however, was presented so near to the close of the session as to render it expedient to postpone further efforts till the next

George Folsom, a memorial was prepared and presented to the Legislature, urging the importance of an investigation of European archives, for the purpose of procuring those materials for the illustration of our history which our own State records could not furnish ; and praying the State to undertake, for the benefit of the people, an enterprise the society of their own means were unable to carry into execution. This memorial, however, was presented so near to the close of the session as to render it expedient to postpone further efforts till the next

GENERAL INTRODUCTION. xxiii

year; when, the subject having been clearly and forcibly introduced by a message from the Governor, and its importance urged upon the members of the Legislature by the zealous and unwearied attention of Mr. John L. Stephens, the late Mr. William L. Stone, and others, an act was passed, with great unanimity on the 2d May, 1839, authorizing the appointment of an Agent " to visit England, Holland and France, for the purpose of procuring, if possible, the originals, and if not, copies, of all such documents and papers in the ai-chives and offices of those governments, relating to or in any way affecting the Colonial or other history of this State, as he may deem important to illustrate that history," and directing that the documents, when procured, be deposited in the office of the Secretary of State, at Albany, subject to the use of the State Historical Society. " Under this act I had the honor to receive a commission as Agent, on the 20th of January, '

Stone, and others, an act was passed, with great unanimity on the 2d May, 1839, authorizing the appointment of an Agent " to visit England, Holland and France, for the purpose of procuring, if possible, the originals, and if not, copies, of all such documents and papers in the ai-chives and offices of those governments, relating to or in any way affecting the Colonial or other history of this State, as he may deem important to illustrate that history," and directing that the documents, when procured, be deposited in the office of the Secretary of State, at Albany, subject to the use of the State Historical Society. " Under this act I had the honor to receive a commission as Agent, on the 20th of January, '

1841. By the general instructions, in which the views of the Executive in relation to the duties of my mission were subsequently communicated to me, I was advised to proceed first to Holland, and ascertain what documents required my attention there and then to England ;

and to France. The inspection of the State papers of foreign governments, it is well known, is not a mere matter of course, but is considered a privilege of a high order; and is granted

in most cases only upon applications backed by high personal or official influence. I had an interview, accordingly, with the Secretary of State of the United States, for the purpose of procuring specific instructions to the American Ministers at London, Paris and the Hague, in favor of my Agency ; but he having declined giving them at that time, I embarked for Europe on the 1st of May, 1841. " On my arrival at London, on my way to Holland, I had several interviews with Mr. '

in most cases only upon applications backed by high personal or official influence. I had an interview, accordingly, with the Secretary of State of the United States, for the purpose of procuring specific instructions to the American Ministers at London, Paris and the Hague, in favor of my Agency ; but he having declined giving them at that time, I embarked for Europe on the 1st of May, 1841. " On my arrival at London, on my way to Holland, I had several interviews with Mr. '

Stevenson, then American Minister at the court of St. James, and communicated to him, very fully, the objects of my mission. Mr. Stevenson, though uninstructed by the General Government on this point, interested himself at once, very warmly, in the subject and ;

advised an application forthwith, to Her Majesty's government, for permission to the Agent to make selections and transcripts of documents in the British archives relative to our Colonial and other history. A note was accordingly addressed to the Marquis of Normanby, on the 22d May, 1841, explaining the objects of the State in making the application, and requesting that the necessary facilities might be affijrded me for accomplishing, with as little delay as possible, the purpose of my mission to England. This note was referred by the Marquis of Normanby to Lord Palmerston, Principal Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs and on the ;

20th July following an answer was returned to Mr. Stevenson, that Lord Palmerston felt some difficulty in acceding to my application, but that if 1 would send to him a list of any particular documents I wished to obtain, his lordship would have them examined by some competent person, and, if no objection should be found to their being communicated, they should be copied for my use, on the usual terms, at my expense.

This note was referred by the Marquis of Normanby to Lord Palmerston, Principal Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs and on the ;

20th July following an answer was returned to Mr. Stevenson, that Lord Palmerston felt some difficulty in acceding to my application, but that if 1 would send to him a list of any particular documents I wished to obtain, his lordship would have them examined by some competent person, and, if no objection should be found to their being communicated, they should be copied for my use, on the usual terms, at my expense. " 'Upon the receipt of this answer to my application, Mr. Stevenson immediately replied, explaining that no partictilar docuine7its were asked for by the Agent of New-York ; that the object of the State was to have its Colonial history written from authentic documents, many of which were presumed to be in the State Paper Office, but whose particular character could not be known, and that they could not, therefore, be described ; that the limitations and restrictions imposed in former cases were of course expected to be observed in the present, and that the Agent would, in fact, consider himself subject to the control and pleasure of the department.

xxiv GENERAL INTRODUCTION.

"'It was hoped that, on a review of the subject, Her Majesty's government would have looked more auspiciously upon the application, and that, so far from perceiving in it anything objectionable, would rather have viewed the objects of the State as of a purely literary and altogether praiseworthy character, and, as such, commending themselves to the favorableand liberal consideration of an enlightened government. But the then ministry went out of office without having altered or modified their decision, which -- considering the impossibility of my pointing out the particular documents I might wish to have transcribed, without having the opportunity of learning even the date of one of them -- amounted, in fact, to a refusal of the application of the State.

"'It was hoped that, on a review of the subject, Her Majesty's government would have looked more auspiciously upon the application, and that, so far from perceiving in it anything objectionable, would rather have viewed the objects of the State as of a purely literary and altogether praiseworthy character, and, as such, commending themselves to the favorableand liberal consideration of an enlightened government. But the then ministry went out of office without having altered or modified their decision, which -- considering the impossibility of my pointing out the particular documents I might wish to have transcribed, without having the opportunity of learning even the date of one of them -- amounted, in fact, to a refusal of the application of the State. While referring to this subject, I cannot omit availing myself of the occasion to acknowledge the warm and ready interest Mr. Stevenson took in the objects of the Agency, and the personal obligations I feel for the courtesies he extended to the Agent. " Meantime, pursuant to my instructions and to Mr. Stevenson's advice, I had proceeded to '

Holland, with a view of investigating the archives of that country for documents relating to our early Colonial history ; intending, upon the termination of my researches in the Netherlands, to return to London, and avail myself of the expected liberality of the British government. Immediately on my arrival at the Hague, I opened the business of my mission to Mr. Bleecker, then the Charge d' Affaires of the United States near the King of the Netherlands. The well known interest of this gentleman in the cause of historical research, induced him to enter, at once, cordially into the views of the State; and I gladly and gratefully embrace this opportunity to renew the expression of my thanks for those valuable counsels, and friendly efforts to further the objects of my appointment, which he was always ready to give and anxious to make.

Bleecker, then the Charge d' Affaires of the United States near the King of the Netherlands. The well known interest of this gentleman in the cause of historical research, induced him to enter, at once, cordially into the views of the State; and I gladly and gratefully embrace this opportunity to renew the expression of my thanks for those valuable counsels, and friendly efforts to further the objects of my appointment, which he was always ready to give and anxious to make. " In order to obtain the necessary facilities for investigating the archives of the Netherlands, '

an application was addressed by Mr. Bleecker, on my behalf, to the Baron Verstolk de Soelen, Minister of Foreign Affairs. Upon my presentation to the King, a few days afterwards. His Majesty received me in the kindest manner, expressing much pleasure with the objects of my mission, and a warm interest in its successful accomplishment. The general direction of the royal archives being entrusted to the Minister of the Interior, the application was promptly referred to the Baron Schimmelpennick, the head of that department; and an interview was accordingly had with His Excellency, who at once informed me that he would give directions to the officer in charge of the archives to afford me all facilities for the purpose of fully carrying out the objects of my commission, and which had been directed by the King himself to be as liberal in their extent as the exigencies of the service would allow. " The government records at the Hague are placed under the supervision of an '

The general direction of the royal archives being entrusted to the Minister of the Interior, the application was promptly referred to the Baron Schimmelpennick, the head of that department; and an interview was accordingly had with His Excellency, who at once informed me that he would give directions to the officer in charge of the archives to afford me all facilities for the purpose of fully carrying out the objects of my commission, and which had been directed by the King himself to be as liberal in their extent as the exigencies of the service would allow. " The government records at the Hague are placed under the supervision of an '

«' Yonkheer J. C. de Jonge, a gentleman of great intelligence and Archivarius," at present urbanity, and from whom I received numerous marks of kindness and courtesy, which I am happy to acknowledge. M. de Jonge, on my presenting myself at the archives, pointed out the various depositories in which the documents presumed to relate to the subject of my research were contained and gave directions that every book and paper, known or supposed ;

to contain information affecting our Colonial history, be submitted, without reserve, to my inspection, and every arrangement made that could facilitate my labors. " ' The archives of the Netherlands, it is believed, constitute one of the richest depositories of historical information to be found in Europe ; commencing with the period of the Union of Utrecht, in 1579, and extending down to the French Revolution. They are contained in

M. de Jonge, on my presenting myself at the archives, pointed out the various depositories in which the documents presumed to relate to the subject of my research were contained and gave directions that every book and paper, known or supposed ;

to contain information affecting our Colonial history, be submitted, without reserve, to my inspection, and every arrangement made that could facilitate my labors. " ' The archives of the Netherlands, it is believed, constitute one of the richest depositories of historical information to be found in Europe ; commencing with the period of the Union of Utrecht, in 1579, and extending down to the French Revolution. They are contained in

GENERAL INTRODUCTION. XXV

an immense suite of apartments in the old palace of the Binnenhof and the documents are, ;

in general, very well arranged, though not all equally well preserved. The greater part are contained in parchment-bound volumes, in most instances paged and indexed for convenient reference. They consist, chiefly, of minutes of the proceedings of the States-General, at their ordinary and secret meetings, kept by their Grefficrs, or clerks; in which are entered, in detail, the resolutions of that body on all matters coming before them. These registers commence with the year 1579, and are preserved in an unbroken series from that date. The diplomatic correspondence of the government, as well as copies of general letters, and also the instructions and commissions issued from time to time, are preserved in several separate series of books. The original papers and memorials, received by tlie States-General from time to time, are arranged on Liasses, or files, or are tied up in bundles, which are deposited in the Secrete and Lokei Kits. These papers have suffered much more from the effects of time and exposure than those in the bound volumes.

The diplomatic correspondence of the government, as well as copies of general letters, and also the instructions and commissions issued from time to time, are preserved in several separate series of books. The original papers and memorials, received by tlie States-General from time to time, are arranged on Liasses, or files, or are tied up in bundles, which are deposited in the Secrete and Lokei Kits. These papers have suffered much more from the effects of time and exposure than those in the bound volumes. " ' It was necessary that careful and laborious researches should be made in all these different repositories. Aided by the accurate knowledge and long experience of Mr. J. A. de Zwaan, the " Commis Chartermeester" at the royal archives -- and whose enthusiastic and untiring cooperation, I am proud to acknowledge, contributed in an essential degree to the success of the research -- was unremittingly occupied during several months I in a toilsome investigation,

in the course of which upwards of four hundred volumes and bundles of papers were carefully examined. Many of the documents were worm-eaten and decayed ; and the circumstance that most of them were written in the perverse and obscure characters common in the seventeenth century, increased not a little the difficulty of the research. "' The results of my investigations in the archives at the Hague, however, strengthened the

impression I had previously entertained, that though a great and valuable amount of information, on points either entirely novel, or at best but imperfectly known in our history, was there contained, the records of the Dutch West India Company, which had the supervision and direction of the Colony of New Netherland, were the grand magazine in which I might hope to find those more particular details of voyages, discoveries, emigrations, settlements and personal narratives, which would be of the highest interest to the descendants of the early settlers, as well as to the historian of New-York.

impression I had previously entertained, that though a great and valuable amount of information, on points either entirely novel, or at best but imperfectly known in our history, was there contained, the records of the Dutch West India Company, which had the supervision and direction of the Colony of New Netherland, were the grand magazine in which I might hope to find those more particular details of voyages, discoveries, emigrations, settlements and personal narratives, which would be of the highest interest to the descendants of the early settlers, as well as to the historian of New-York. Relying on the information which had been given me at the Hague, that these records, commencing with the period of the organization of the company in 1621, were preserved complete at Amsterdam, an order was accordingly obtained from the Minister of the Colonies, directing the keeper of the old East and West India Companies' papers, at Amsterdam, to afford me every facility for examining the documents in his custody. The archives of the city of Amsterdam were also presumed to contain important information relative to the Colony of " Nieuw-Amstel," which that city undertook to manage in the year 1656 ; and a letter in my behalf was in consequence addressed by the Minister of the Interior to the Burgomaster. In further prosecution of my duty, I accordingly visited Amsterdam. " ' But, on applying at the West India House, I was, to my infinite surprise and mortification, informed by Mr. de Munnick, the keeper, that all the books, documents and papers of every kind, belonging to the old East and West India Companies, of a date prior to 1700, had been sold at public auction in the year 1821, by order of the government of the Netherlands. That nothing should be left undone, however, I instituted a thorough search among the remaining papers, in the hope that something, however small, might have escaped the operaxxvi GENERAL INTRODUCTION. tion of the order.

" ' But, on applying at the West India House, I was, to my infinite surprise and mortification, informed by Mr. de Munnick, the keeper, that all the books, documents and papers of every kind, belonging to the old East and West India Companies, of a date prior to 1700, had been sold at public auction in the year 1821, by order of the government of the Netherlands. That nothing should be left undone, however, I instituted a thorough search among the remaining papers, in the hope that something, however small, might have escaped the operaxxvi GENERAL INTRODUCTION. tion of the order. But I regret to say that this examination was attended with no favorable result ;and I reluctantly abandoned the cherished hope that the archives of the "West India Company would have proved a rich mine of historical wealth to our State. Examinations were also made in the papers of the East India Company, in the hope that something might be ascertained relative to Hudson's voyage of discovery, which was made in their service. The only trace found of that voyage is a memorandum in one of the " ship books," which accidentally escaped sale, stating that the yacht Halve-Maan, of forty lasts (eighty tons) burthen, had been sent " towards the north," in 1608. Unwilling, however, to abandon all hope of recovering a portion, at least, of the records which had been sold, I caused advertisements to be inserted in the most widely circulated journals of the country, requesting any person who might have in his possession any documents relating to the history of the Colony of New Netherland to have the goodness to communicate with the (then) Consul of the United States, at Amsterdam, Mr. J. W. Van den Broek. The kind attentions and friendly exertions of this gentleman, to further the objects of my visit to Amsterdam, have imposed on me an obligation which I would do great injustice to my feelings if I did not take this opportunity to acknowledge.

Unwilling, however, to abandon all hope of recovering a portion, at least, of the records which had been sold, I caused advertisements to be inserted in the most widely circulated journals of the country, requesting any person who might have in his possession any documents relating to the history of the Colony of New Netherland to have the goodness to communicate with the (then) Consul of the United States, at Amsterdam, Mr. J. W. Van den Broek. The kind attentions and friendly exertions of this gentleman, to further the objects of my visit to Amsterdam, have imposed on me an obligation which I would do great injustice to my feelings if I did not take this opportunity to acknowledge. It was subsequently ascertained that a portion of the records,

sold at Amsterdam, was in the possession of the original buyer, a person residing at the Hague. I purchased permission of him to make an examination of this portion, which was accordingly effected. Nothing, however, relating to our history was found and the mortify- ;

ing conviction is now forced upon us, that the papers of the West India Company relating to New Netherland -- which, until the year 1821, were easily attainable by the State, and whose destruction has left such a chasm in the original materials for the illustration of our annals -- are now irrecoverably lost! " The application to the authorities of the city of Amsterdam, for permission to examine '

their archives, was at once acceded to in the most courteous manner, and prompt arrangements were made to facilitate my investigations of the records in the Stad-Huys. Quite a number of interesting documents, relating to the City's Colony on the South river, were found and copied. " Examinations were also made of the valuable collections of manuscripts and pamphlets '

" The application to the authorities of the city of Amsterdam, for permission to examine '

their archives, was at once acceded to in the most courteous manner, and prompt arrangements were made to facilitate my investigations of the records in the Stad-Huys. Quite a number of interesting documents, relating to the City's Colony on the South river, were found and copied. " Examinations were also made of the valuable collections of manuscripts and pamphlets '

in the Royal library at the Hague and the most courteous attention was shown by the esti- ;

mable librarian, Mr. J. W. Holtrop. " ' The result of my researches, in the various repositories in the Netherlands just referred to, is the procurement of sixteen volumes of transcripts, containing upwards of four thousand

pages. As a full and accurate catalogue of the documents transcribed is appended to this report, it is unnecessary to give any particular analysis of their character here. I will only

remark that they commence with the year 1614, and extend down, in a tolerably complete series, to 1678, consisting chiefly of memorials and papers presented to the States-General

respecting New Netherland, and the proceedings of that body in relation to the various matters from time to time brought before them affecting the Colony and its inhabitants. The act of the Legislature directed me to procure, if possible, the originals, and if not, copies of all documents illustrating our history. I applied for the originals, but the regulations of office did not allow a compliance with my request copies were therefore made of the papers ;

respecting New Netherland, and the proceedings of that body in relation to the various matters from time to time brought before them affecting the Colony and its inhabitants. The act of the Legislature directed me to procure, if possible, the originals, and if not, copies of all documents illustrating our history. I applied for the originals, but the regulations of office did not allow a compliance with my request copies were therefore made of the papers ;

selected. Not the slightest difficulty, however, occurred in obtaining these, and not a single objection was made to my having any document transcribed I wished. The most unbounded liberality was evinced on every occasion by the government of that country to which we

GENERAL INTRODUCTION. XXVU trace, with such affectionate veneration, the foundation of our State, and the most friendly and gratifying interest was always exhibited by the gentlemen connected with the different departments of the administration, with whom the business of my mission from time to time brought me into communication. "The investigations in the archives of the Netherlands being now terminated, I returned '

to London in December, 1841, to prosecute the duties of my mission. A new ministry, with the Earl of Aberdeen as principal Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, had come into power, and Mr. Stevenson had been succeeded by Mr. Everett as Minister of the United States, near Her Britannic Majesty. At the request of the Governor, and justly appreciating the importance to the Union, as well as to the State of New-York, of the objects contemplated by the State in sending an Agent to Europe, the President of the United States had instructed Mr. Everett to apply to the British government for such facilities as might be necessary for the successful prosecution of my proposed researches in England.

Everett as Minister of the United States, near Her Britannic Majesty. At the request of the Governor, and justly appreciating the importance to the Union, as well as to the State of New-York, of the objects contemplated by the State in sending an Agent to Europe, the President of the United States had instructed Mr. Everett to apply to the British government for such facilities as might be necessary for the successful prosecution of my proposed researches in England. " Directly on his arrival at London, I had an interview with Mr. Everett, and acquainted '

him fully with the objects of my mission, and with the previous steps that had been taken. It need scarcely be said that the views of the State were at once warmly and zealously entered into by the distinguished gentleman who represents our country in England, and whose friendly and valuable counsels have laid me under obligations I shall always be proud to acknowledge ; or that it was fortunate for the cause of literature and historical investigation that the Earl of Aberdeen was Foreign Secretary of Great Britain when the Agent of this State made a renewed attempt to obtain permission from Her Majest)''s government to execute the duties of his mission. No time was lost; and on the 23d December, 1841, Mr. Everett addressed a note to Lord Aberdeen, recapitulating the steps Mr. Stevenson had taken with the late ministry, and expressing a hope that the requisite facilities for the attainment of the objects of my mission would now be afforded by the government of Great Britain ; for which

It need scarcely be said that the views of the State were at once warmly and zealously entered into by the distinguished gentleman who represents our country in England, and whose friendly and valuable counsels have laid me under obligations I shall always be proud to acknowledge ; or that it was fortunate for the cause of literature and historical investigation that the Earl of Aberdeen was Foreign Secretary of Great Britain when the Agent of this State made a renewed attempt to obtain permission from Her Majest)''s government to execute the duties of his mission. No time was lost; and on the 23d December, 1841, Mr. Everett addressed a note to Lord Aberdeen, recapitulating the steps Mr. Stevenson had taken with the late ministry, and expressing a hope that the requisite facilities for the attainment of the objects of my mission would now be afforded by the government of Great Britain ; for which

it is claimed that it has " never permitted itself to be surpassed by any other, in the countenance which it has at all times extended to every judicious effort for the promotion of useful knowledge." Some time subsequently, Lord Aberdeen having suggested that though it might not be possible for me to furnish a specific list of the historical documents desired, yet, that a general statement of their nature must be practicable, and would facilitate a decision on the pending application, I prepared a statement of the kind proposed, and as specific as the nature of the case admitted ; which Mr. Everett transmitted to his lordship, in a note dated 14th February, 1842, in which the purely literary character and objects of my commission were again urged, and the hope expressed that the synopsis I had prepared would remove whatever hesitation may have existed in reference to a compliance with my request.

it is claimed that it has " never permitted itself to be surpassed by any other, in the countenance which it has at all times extended to every judicious effort for the promotion of useful knowledge." Some time subsequently, Lord Aberdeen having suggested that though it might not be possible for me to furnish a specific list of the historical documents desired, yet, that a general statement of their nature must be practicable, and would facilitate a decision on the pending application, I prepared a statement of the kind proposed, and as specific as the nature of the case admitted ; which Mr. Everett transmitted to his lordship, in a note dated 14th February, 1842, in which the purely literary character and objects of my commission were again urged, and the hope expressed that the synopsis I had prepared would remove whatever hesitation may have existed in reference to a compliance with my request. " ' It is unnecessary to detail the various difficulties that were encountered, and the many delays that occurred, before the desired permission was obtained. At length, on the 6th of April, 1842, I commenced my labors in " Her Majesty's State Paper Office." An order was sent by Lord Aberdeen to the keeper of the state papers, allowing me to inspect the documents in the office relative to the Province of New-York with the understanding that ;

my examinations were to be made in the presence of an officer of the establishment, and that I was merely, in the first instance, to indicate, by slips of paper, the documents I might wish to transcribe, and not to transcribe, or make extracts of any of them, until the papers so indicated should have been examined and allowed, on the part of Lord Aberdeen. " ' This order was interpreted by the keeper of the state papers with such strictness as to cause me serious embarrassment and inconvenience.

my examinations were to be made in the presence of an officer of the establishment, and that I was merely, in the first instance, to indicate, by slips of paper, the documents I might wish to transcribe, and not to transcribe, or make extracts of any of them, until the papers so indicated should have been examined and allowed, on the part of Lord Aberdeen. " ' This order was interpreted by the keeper of the state papers with such strictness as to cause me serious embarrassment and inconvenience. I was not allowed to make the slightest

xxviii GENERAL INTRODUCTION.

note or memorandum, even of the date of a document; which, under the circumstances the -- mass of papers to be gone over being so large -- was desirable, and even necessary, ia order to avoid the risk of marking duplicates, and the embarrassment of depending on memory alone. This, and other points -- one of which was a permission to employ copyists of my own selection, by whom the transcripts could have been made at a much less expense than that incurred by the charges of the regular clerks of the office -- formed the subject of a subsequent note of Mr. Everett to Lord Aberdeen. His lordship promptly replied, giving me the further permission desired respecting the making memoranda, &c., but declining to accede to the request that I might be allowed to employ a private copyist. I was obliged, in consequence, to pay to the clerks of the office 4d. sterling for every folio of 72 words that they transcribed. " Her Majesty's State Paper Office, in London, is strictly a part of the Sovereign's own '

Everett to Lord Aberdeen. His lordship promptly replied, giving me the further permission desired respecting the making memoranda, &c., but declining to accede to the request that I might be allowed to employ a private copyist. I was obliged, in consequence, to pay to the clerks of the office 4d. sterling for every folio of 72 words that they transcribed. " Her Majesty's State Paper Office, in London, is strictly a part of the Sovereign's own '

private library -- an appendage to the Secretary of State's office. Being entirely a government establishment, it is not considered as on the same footing as the manuscript department of the British Museum, or other institutions of a like character. No person is allowed to visit the office, purpose of consulting documents, until an order for the purpose has been for the obtained from one of the Secretaries of State, who alone have the right of granting the privilege. This order usually specifies the series of papers to which the visitor is to have access ; and its directions are strictly and scrupulously followed by the keeper. This office is the depository of all papers and dispatches that pass through the offices of the Secretaries of State, which are there arranged under the superintendence of a keeper, deputy keeper, and other officials and the accurate and perfect manner in which this is done reflects the ;

highest credit on the gentlemen to whom the government entrusts this important duty. The building in which these papers are contained was erected in the year 1830, in St. James' Park, near the government offices ; and is, in every respect, well adapted to its purposes. In addition to the papers from the offices of the Secretaries of State (among which is to be found a very voluminous correspondence with the Governors and Military Commanders in America), the State Paper Office now contains the whole of the records of the " Board of Trade," down to its dissolution, in the year 1782, which were transferred to it by order of government, in March, 1842.

James' Park, near the government offices ; and is, in every respect, well adapted to its purposes. In addition to the papers from the offices of the Secretaries of State (among which is to be found a very voluminous correspondence with the Governors and Military Commanders in America), the State Paper Office now contains the whole of the records of the " Board of Trade," down to its dissolution, in the year 1782, which were transferred to it by order of government, in March, 1842. Upwards of two thousand large folio volumes, relating chiefly to the American Colonies, were thus added, in one mass, to this invaluable repository of historical wealth. " ' The general supervision and management of the British Plantations in America, and elsewhere, was entrusted by King Charles II., by royal commission, dated 1 December, 1660, to a standing council, who were instructed to correspond with the several Governors, &c., and in general to dispose of all matters relating to the good government and improvement of the Colonies. Subsequent commissions were from time to time issued to various individuals, substantially of the same tenor, constituting them a Council for Foreign Plantations, for the time being. On the 21st of December, 1G74, the King revoked the commission for the existing council, and directed their books and papers to be delivered to the clerk of the Privy Council. By order in council, dated 12 March, 1675, King Charles II. referred whatever matters had been under the cognizance of the late Council of Trade and Foreign Plantations to a committee of the Privy Council, consisting of the Lord Treasurer, the Lord Privy Seal, and others, and directed them to meet once a week, and report their proceedings to the King in council, from time to time. During the reign of King James II., the afiairs of the Plantations continued to be managed by a similar committee of Privy Council; and upon the accession of this

By order in council, dated 12 March, 1675, King Charles II. referred whatever matters had been under the cognizance of the late Council of Trade and Foreign Plantations to a committee of the Privy Council, consisting of the Lord Treasurer, the Lord Privy Seal, and others, and directed them to meet once a week, and report their proceedings to the King in council, from time to time. During the reign of King James II., the afiairs of the Plantations continued to be managed by a similar committee of Privy Council; and upon the accession of this

;

GENERAL INTRODUCTION. xxix

monarcli (6 February, 1C85), the Province of New-York having devolved to the Crown, it was placed under the supervision of this committee. Upon the accession of King William III., in February, 1689, a committee of the Privy Council continued to manage the affairs of the Plantations, until their growing importance suggested the necessity of a separate and distinct department of government for their direction. " The year ] 696 is the era of the permanent organization of what is familiarly known to '

our historians as the " Board of Trade." On the 15th May, in that year, King William III., by royal commission, constituted and appointed the great officers of state, for the time being, and certain other persons, " Commissioners, during the royal pleasure, for promoting the trade of the Kingdom, and for inspecting and improving the Plantations in America, and elsewhere." This board was empowered and required to examine into the general condition of the trade of England, and of foreign parts, and to make representations to the King thereupon to take ;

our historians as the " Board of Trade." On the 15th May, in that year, King William III., by royal commission, constituted and appointed the great officers of state, for the time being, and certain other persons, " Commissioners, during the royal pleasure, for promoting the trade of the Kingdom, and for inspecting and improving the Plantations in America, and elsewhere." This board was empowered and required to examine into the general condition of the trade of England, and of foreign parts, and to make representations to the King thereupon to take ;

into their custody all records and papers belonging to the Plantation Office; to inquire into the condition of the Plantations ; to examine into the instructions of the Governors, &c., and represent their conduct to the King ; to present the names of proper persons for Governors and Secretaries, &c., in the Colonies, to the King in council ; to examine into and consider the acts passed in the Colonies to hear complaints, and make representations thereupon, &c. ;

and with power to send for persons and papers. The Board of Trade and Plantations, as thus organized, was continued through the succeeding reigns, by royal commissions, until its final dissolution, by act of Parliament, in July, 1782. " ' The records of the Board of Trade were kept with much care and system. Their proceedings on all subjects brought before them were accurately entered in a series of large folio journals, commencing with 1696 and extending down to 1782; and which, including the records of the proceedings of the Committee of Privy Council, between 1675 and 1696, number about 130 volumes. " The documents relating to the affairs of each Province and Colony were regularly and '

" ' The records of the Board of Trade were kept with much care and system. Their proceedings on all subjects brought before them were accurately entered in a series of large folio journals, commencing with 1696 and extending down to 1782; and which, including the records of the proceedings of the Committee of Privy Council, between 1675 and 1696, number about 130 volumes. " The documents relating to the affairs of each Province and Colony were regularly and '

separately preserved in two series of books the one styled " Entries," in which were recorded ;

all the letters and representations of the board in reference to its concerns ; and the other entitled " Papers," in which all the original documents received at Whitehall were carefully bound up. There are 123 large volumes of " Entries " and " Papers," relating to the Province of New-York, in the Board of Trade series, commencing with 1664 and extending to 1782; in which are included the documents relating to the proprietary government under the Duke of York, which were transferred to the Committee for Foreign Plantations, &c., upon the devolution of the Province to the Crown on the accession of King James II. Documents of general concern to all the Provinces and Colonies were recorded and preserved in a separate series of books, amounting to sixty, entitled " Plantations General." " The records of the State Paper Office, properly, are not nearly so perfect, especially in '

the earlier periods, as those of the Board of Trade. It was only in matters of great secrecy and concern that the Provincial Governors were required to correspond directly with the Secretaries of State and it is probably in consequence of this that there are only six volumes ;

Documents of general concern to all the Provinces and Colonies were recorded and preserved in a separate series of books, amounting to sixty, entitled " Plantations General." " The records of the State Paper Office, properly, are not nearly so perfect, especially in '

the earlier periods, as those of the Board of Trade. It was only in matters of great secrecy and concern that the Provincial Governors were required to correspond directly with the Secretaries of State and it is probably in consequence of this that there are only six volumes ;

of New-York records from the Secretary's office between 1696 and 1752. These volumes are composed, chiefly, of letters from the Governors to the Secretaries, which are, in many instances, almost literal copies of those sent to the Lords of Trade. There are very few letters from the Secretaries to the Governors during this period. There are no Secretary of State's records whatever, relating to New-York, between 1752 and 1762 but after this year, ;

XXX GENERAL INTRODUCTION. and down to 1781, the correspondence is full and voluminous that relating to this Province, ;

aloae, fillino- nineteen large folio volumes, and comprising, as well, the letters of the Secretaries to the Governors. Besides the several series relating to the different Provinces, there is a set of volumes, numbering eighteen, entitled " Plantations General," in which the general correspondence of the Secretaries with the Colonies and with the Superintendents of Indian Affairs, &c., between 1760 and 1781, is preserved. " In addition to the volumes above mentioned, amounting in all to 356, a series of books, '

aloae, fillino- nineteen large folio volumes, and comprising, as well, the letters of the Secretaries to the Governors. Besides the several series relating to the different Provinces, there is a set of volumes, numbering eighteen, entitled " Plantations General," in which the general correspondence of the Secretaries with the Colonies and with the Superintendents of Indian Affairs, &c., between 1760 and 1781, is preserved. " In addition to the volumes above mentioned, amounting in all to 356, a series of books, '

sixty-two in number, entitled " Trade Papers," embracing a miscellaneous collection of documents relating to trade and foreign plantations from 1542 to 1761, was submitted to my inspection, agreeably to the terms of the Secretary of State's order. In the course of my researches I ascertained that there were other sets of books and papers in which documents relating to our history were contained, but which my order, as it stood, did not allow me to examine. I was consequently obliged to apply to Lord Aberdeen for further permissions, which were granted ; and nearly a hundred other volumes and bundles of papers were submitted to my inspection. " ' Thus upwards of five hundred volumes and bundles of papers were thoroughly and carefully examined in the State Paper Office. Each document desired for transcription was indicated by a slip of paper, and subsequently reexamined by a gentleman connected with the Foreign Office, under Lord Aberdeen's direction. Such of them only as were not obje(;ted to were copied. The copies were made by the regular clerks of the office on the terms above stated and in every instance the orthography of the originals was scrupulously followed. ;

" ' Thus upwards of five hundred volumes and bundles of papers were thoroughly and carefully examined in the State Paper Office. Each document desired for transcription was indicated by a slip of paper, and subsequently reexamined by a gentleman connected with the Foreign Office, under Lord Aberdeen's direction. Such of them only as were not obje(;ted to were copied. The copies were made by the regular clerks of the office on the terms above stated and in every instance the orthography of the originals was scrupulously followed. ;

In making my selections, the greatest care and caution were necessary in order to avoid marking duplicates of papers, which are very numerous and the immense number of the ;

documents themselves, and the unexpectedly high charge for transcribing, were also causes of considerable embarrassment. I cannot close this reference to my researches in the State Paper Office, without bearing testimony to the excellent and orderly arrangement of every part of the establishment and I should be greatly wanting to my feelings if I were to omit ;

an expression of my admiration of the politeness and attention of Messrs. Charles Lechraere and Robert Lemon, the deputy keeper and chief clerk. To the latter gentleman, particularly, I feel under great obligations, not only for his personal courtesies to myself, but for the ready and zealous interest he manifested in the success of the undertaking I was charged by the State to execute. " Presuming that the office of the Privy Council might contain information relative to the '

an expression of my admiration of the politeness and attention of Messrs. Charles Lechraere and Robert Lemon, the deputy keeper and chief clerk. To the latter gentleman, particularly, I feel under great obligations, not only for his personal courtesies to myself, but for the ready and zealous interest he manifested in the success of the undertaking I was charged by the State to execute. " Presuming that the office of the Privy Council might contain information relative to the '

subject of my reserach, I addressed a note to Mr. Greville, one of the clerks in ordinary, requesting permission to examine its earlier records. A pi-ompt and most courteous answer was returned, complying with my request and I examined the registers under the care of the ;

librarian of the archives, Mr. Henry Reeve, to whose kindness I am much indebted for the facilities he afforded me. Very few documents, however, were found relating to our Colonial history. There are no separate papers whatever, in the Privy Council Office, of a date prior to 1700 ; but the registers of its proceedings are preserved complete from the time of Queen Elizabeth. " The library of tlie British Museum, already a magnificent monument of the public spirit '

of the nation, is daily becoming more and more worthy the admiration of the world. The collection of printed books and pamphlets, whose number, though not accurately known, certainly exceeds 300,000 volumes, is one of the most perfect in existence ; and there are

There are no separate papers whatever, in the Privy Council Office, of a date prior to 1700 ; but the registers of its proceedings are preserved complete from the time of Queen Elizabeth. " The library of tlie British Museum, already a magnificent monument of the public spirit '

of the nation, is daily becoming more and more worthy the admiration of the world. The collection of printed books and pamphlets, whose number, though not accurately known, certainly exceeds 300,000 volumes, is one of the most perfect in existence ; and there are

GENERAL INTRODUCTION. xxxi

nearly 40,000 volumes of manuscripts. The arrangements for the examination of these literary treasures are very convenient ; and though, in such a metropolis as London, some regulations are necessary to exclude improper persons, those regulations are so easy to be complied with that the library may be said to be, in effect, open to the public. Through the kind and polite attention of Sir Henry Ellis, the principal librarian, I had every facility afforded me for examining the various printed and manuscript collections, and quite a number of transcripts were made of papers bearing upon our history. While speaking of this noble institution, I may be permitted to remark that nowhere else was I more strongly convinced of the indispensable necessity, to the investigator, of accurate catalogues, both for printed books and for manuscripts. There is now in course of preparation a systematic alphabetical catalogue of the printed works, of such comprehensiveness, that the letter "A" alone occupies about twenty large folio volumes. Notwithstanding the active and skilful exertions of

Through the kind and polite attention of Sir Henry Ellis, the principal librarian, I had every facility afforded me for examining the various printed and manuscript collections, and quite a number of transcripts were made of papers bearing upon our history. While speaking of this noble institution, I may be permitted to remark that nowhere else was I more strongly convinced of the indispensable necessity, to the investigator, of accurate catalogues, both for printed books and for manuscripts. There is now in course of preparation a systematic alphabetical catalogue of the printed works, of such comprehensiveness, that the letter "A" alone occupies about twenty large folio volumes. Notwithstanding the active and skilful exertions of

the learned and competent gentlemen who are engaged in this important work, it will be many years before it can be completed. The manuscripts are already catalogued and their examination thus rendered perfectly easy. The Harleian, the Lansdowne and the Cottonian collections, by means of their accurate catalogues, which were published some years ago by government, are almost as well known to literary men on this side of the ocean as to those in Europe ; and each addition to the manuscript department, as it is received, is at once catalogued and thus rendered accessible. " The Archiepiscopal library at Lambeth has also afforded us some interesting historical '

materials. My application to the Archbishop of Canterbury for permission to make researches in the library was promptly and cheerfully complied with ; and it gives me great satisfaction to have this opportunity of acknowledging the very marked liberality of the venerable prelate at the head of the English Church, as well as the urbanity and friendly interest displayed by His Grace's librarian, the Rev. S. R. Maitland, in making every arrangement for my convenient examination of the documents in his custody.

My application to the Archbishop of Canterbury for permission to make researches in the library was promptly and cheerfully complied with ; and it gives me great satisfaction to have this opportunity of acknowledging the very marked liberality of the venerable prelate at the head of the English Church, as well as the urbanity and friendly interest displayed by His Grace's librarian, the Rev. S. R. Maitland, in making every arrangement for my convenient examination of the documents in his custody. " ' From the various repositories in London, to which reference has just been made, I procured nearly seventeen thousand pages of transcripts of documents relating to our history, which fill forty-seven volumes. A complete and accurate catalogue of the " London Documents" is appended to this report, by means of which the character of each paper can be at once ascertained, and any particular analysis of the series, at present, is thus rendered unnecessary. It commences with 1614 and ends with 1782 comprising the official correspon- ;

dence of the Governors of New-York, from its surrender by the Dutch in 1664 to the end of the Revolution, as well as various documents of interest received from private hands. In making my selections, the greatest care was taken to avoid procuring papers known to be already in the Secretary of State's office, at Albany. I was unable to find any traces of the original books of records of the Indian Commissioners, which are supposed to have been removed from this State during the Revolutionary war; but copies have been made of all Sir William Johnson's official letters to the British government, which remain in the State Paper Office, as well as of the greater part of the proceedings respecting Indian affairs, which were from time to time sent to London.

I was unable to find any traces of the original books of records of the Indian Commissioners, which are supposed to have been removed from this State during the Revolutionary war; but copies have been made of all Sir William Johnson's official letters to the British government, which remain in the State Paper Office, as well as of the greater part of the proceedings respecting Indian affairs, which were from time to time sent to London. " It will, perhaps, be noticed that previous to 1674 there are 'no dispatches or '

communications from the Duke of York or his secretary to his officers in New-York, and but few from them to His Royal Highness. The first entry book, or record of letters from the Duke, commences with 1674, and from that period they are tolerably well preserved. There

XXxii GENERAL INTRODUCTION. are several deficiencies in the series of letters from Governor Nicolls, and very few of Grovernor Lovelace's communications were found. There does not seem to have been any file of Governor Andros' letters, to the Duke or Sir John Werden, handed to the Committee

for Trade and Phintations when the affairs of the Province came under its supervision, upon the devolution of New-York to the Crown, on the accession of King James II. ; but after that date the records are much more perfect. After the final organization of the Board of Trade, by King William III., in 1696, the New-York papers are full and complete. "' The policy of France in regard to her Canadian possessions -- the establishment of her military positions on our frontiers, and her negotiations with the Indian tribes on our borders, and within the very limits of our territory itself, are directly and intimately connected with our Colonial history; and hfer long struggle to maintain her influence in the northern portion of our continent, affected, in no small degree, the condition, disposition and purposes of the people of New-York.

"' The policy of France in regard to her Canadian possessions -- the establishment of her military positions on our frontiers, and her negotiations with the Indian tribes on our borders, and within the very limits of our territory itself, are directly and intimately connected with our Colonial history; and hfer long struggle to maintain her influence in the northern portion of our continent, affected, in no small degree, the condition, disposition and purposes of the people of New-York. It was with a view of obtaining authentic historical materials, illustrating these points, that an examination of the archives of the French government was made a part of my duty. " Having made some progress in my researches in London, and commenced the transcription '

of documents there, I wrote to General Cass, then Minister of the United States at Paris, explaining the objects of the State, and requesting his intervention with the French government for the purpose of procuring me permission to examine its archives for papers relating to Canada and New-York. A simple statement of my object was all that was necessary to awaken the warmest interest of tiiat eminent gentleman and he forthwith applied, on my behalf, ;

to Admiral Baron Duperre, then Minister of the Marine and the Colonies, for permission to examine the papers relating to Canada in the bureaus of his department. An answer was promptly returned, authorizing me to make the researches I wished, without limitation; and adding, that " all the facilities he can desire will be accorded" to the Agent. I will only remark, in passing, that this liberality did not prove to be mere formal phrase. " ' In further prosecution of the duties of my mission, I accordingly went to Paris in June, 1842, and commenced my examinations in the archives of the Marine and the Colonies.

An answer was promptly returned, authorizing me to make the researches I wished, without limitation; and adding, that " all the facilities he can desire will be accorded" to the Agent. I will only remark, in passing, that this liberality did not prove to be mere formal phrase. " ' In further prosecution of the duties of my mission, I accordingly went to Paris in June, 1842, and commenced my examinations in the archives of the Marine and the Colonies. The general management of the French dependencies in America having been from an early period entrusted to this department, its archives are very rich in materials relating to their history. They consist chiefly of instructions of the French government to its agents in America letters ;

and dispatches to the King and his ministers, and original papers from the Colonial authorities to the Home government; correspondence with the neighboring English Colonies; reports of interviews with the Indian tribes; plans of campaigns and details of battles and skirmishes, &c., &c. "' The documents relating to Canada and New-York are contained in two several divisions. The one is a series of bound volumes, commencing with the year 1663 and ending very abruptly with 1737. It comprises about 70 volumes, and contains the dispatches and commissions of the King and his ministers to the Governors and other functionaries in the French Colonies. It is greatly to be regretted that the volumes subsequent to 1737 appear to be missing. The other, and by far the most fertile repository, is a series of upwards of an hundred enormous "cartons" or port-folios, each larger than two ordinary folio volumes, and in which, at the time of my examination, were placed loosely and without chronological order, or even the least attempt at arrangement, a mass of original documents relating to Canada, from 1G30 to the Treaty of Paris, 10th February, 1763.

It is greatly to be regretted that the volumes subsequent to 1737 appear to be missing. The other, and by far the most fertile repository, is a series of upwards of an hundred enormous "cartons" or port-folios, each larger than two ordinary folio volumes, and in which, at the time of my examination, were placed loosely and without chronological order, or even the least attempt at arrangement, a mass of original documents relating to Canada, from 1G30 to the Treaty of Paris, 10th February, 1763. The state of deplorable confusion in

GENERAL INTRODUCTION. xxxiii

which I found the contents of these cartons can scarcely be conceived by any one who has not made personal investigations, and it must be very evident that it was embarrassing in no small degree. It not only very greatly increased the labor of the research, but it was found that in many instances papers of presumed importance were missing from the mass. It is

hoped, however, that under the superintendence of the present competent and intelligent chief of the archives, M. Davezac, these valuable papers, whose present confusion (one of the results, perhaps, of the Revolutionary fury of 1793) exhibits such a striking contrast to the system and order tliat generally prevail in the French government bureaus, will soon be arranged in a manner consistent with their high importance and worthy the dignity of the nation. Several months were occupied in a careful and toilsome investigation of these documents, and such as were found to relate to our history were selected and transcribed. "'Knowing, however, that tlie archives of the Department of the Marine and the Colonies was not the only source from which to obtain information, an application was addressed to the Minister of War, Marshal Soult, Duke of Dalmatia, which was promptly answered by a had been given for my admission to the dep6t and archives of the letter stating that orders War Department, " for the purpose of examining and copying all the documents relative to the operations of the French, in Canada, until the period of the Treaty of Paris, in 1763." This frank and liberal order, so characteristic of the gallant soldier wiio presides over tiie

"'Knowing, however, that tlie archives of the Department of the Marine and the Colonies was not the only source from which to obtain information, an application was addressed to the Minister of War, Marshal Soult, Duke of Dalmatia, which was promptly answered by a had been given for my admission to the dep6t and archives of the letter stating that orders War Department, " for the purpose of examining and copying all the documents relative to the operations of the French, in Canada, until the period of the Treaty of Paris, in 1763." This frank and liberal order, so characteristic of the gallant soldier wiio presides over tiie

Council of Ministers, was very handsomely carried into effect by General Baron Pelet, the Director-General of the archives of the department, to whose obliging and polite attention I

am very greatly indebted for the facilities he afforded me for examining the documents in his custody. The archives of the Department of War present a very gratifying contrast, in respect to arrangement, to those of the Marine and the Colonies. The papers are chronologically arranged in bound volumes, and their examination was as agreeable and pleasant as that of the cartons of the Marine was laborious and annoying. The documents selected and transcribed relate chiefly to the period between 1755 and the treaty of Paris, and comprise the correspondence of the Military Commanders in America with the French government. " 'An application was also made for permission to examine the archives of the Department of Foreign Affairs, for papers relating to the history of Canada, and the intercourse between that Colony and the Province of New-York but M. Guizot, in his reply to Gen. Cass' note, ;

The documents selected and transcribed relate chiefly to the period between 1755 and the treaty of Paris, and comprise the correspondence of the Military Commanders in America with the French government. " 'An application was also made for permission to examine the archives of the Department of Foreign Affairs, for papers relating to the history of Canada, and the intercourse between that Colony and the Province of New-York but M. Guizot, in his reply to Gen. Cass' note, ;

thus expressed himself: " I would be very happy to comply with your request, if my department possessed any documents relative to this Colony but the Ministry of the Marine, to which ;

you have already applied, is the only one which can furnish you with information on this subject, Canada having always been under its supervision, and never having had any relations with my department." " Researches were also made ' in the collections in the Royal library at Paris; a most full and unqualified permission for which purpose was granted by Mr Villemain, the Minister of Public Instruction, and every facility afforded by the gentleman in charge of this magnificent institution. '"My investigations in the several repositories at Paris, just alluded to, occupied me several months, and resulted in the procurement of seventeen volumes of transcripts, containing upwards of six thousand pages. A full and accurate catalogue of the "Paris Documents," in which every paper, its date, and a reference to its page, is indicated, being also appended to this report, renders any particular reference to their contents unnecessary in this place. They commence with 1631, and extend to 1763; including selections of the correspondence

you have already applied, is the only one which can furnish you with information on this subject, Canada having always been under its supervision, and never having had any relations with my department." " Researches were also made ' in the collections in the Royal library at Paris; a most full and unqualified permission for which purpose was granted by Mr Villemain, the Minister of Public Instruction, and every facility afforded by the gentleman in charge of this magnificent institution. '"My investigations in the several repositories at Paris, just alluded to, occupied me several months, and resulted in the procurement of seventeen volumes of transcripts, containing upwards of six thousand pages. A full and accurate catalogue of the "Paris Documents," in which every paper, its date, and a reference to its page, is indicated, being also appended to this report, renders any particular reference to their contents unnecessary in this place. They commence with 1631, and extend to 1763; including selections of the correspondence

xxxiv GENERAL INTRODUCTION. of the Governors of Canada with the authorities in France respecting Indian affairs, tlie

relations with this Province, &c., as well as the dispatches of the Military Commanders during the romantic and exciting period in our history of the " French War." " As at the Hague and in London, the reguh tions of the offices at Paris did not allow ' me to execute that part of the law, establishing the Agency, requiring the procurement, if possible, of original documents. Transcripts were made, therefore, of the papers selected, and the orthography of the originals was followed as accurately as possible. In closing this reference to my researches at Paris, I cannot forbear the remark, that the proverbial reputation of the French government, in regard to all matters connected with scientific and literary investigation, was amply sustained in the courtesies that were extended to the Agent of this State and that ;

relations with this Province, &c., as well as the dispatches of the Military Commanders during the romantic and exciting period in our history of the " French War." " As at the Hague and in London, the reguh tions of the offices at Paris did not allow ' me to execute that part of the law, establishing the Agency, requiring the procurement, if possible, of original documents. Transcripts were made, therefore, of the papers selected, and the orthography of the originals was followed as accurately as possible. In closing this reference to my researches at Paris, I cannot forbear the remark, that the proverbial reputation of the French government, in regard to all matters connected with scientific and literary investigation, was amply sustained in the courtesies that were extended to the Agent of this State and that ;

the historical treasures which were found in its archives are only equaled by the prompt and generous liberality with which they were thrown open to my inspection. That much of the good feeling exhibited was owing to the high standing of our Minister at the French Court, is unquestionable ; and I feel it a duty, not less incumbent than grateful, again to acknowledge the marked kindness of General Cass, and the personal and zealous exertions he never failed making, to render my visit to Paris most advantageous to the State. " ' The researches in the French was archives being completed, I returned to London and some time occupied in further investigations, and in making preparations for my return to America. The documents transcribed at Paris and in London were carefully packed, insured and shipped for New-York and my arrangements having been completed, I embarked for ;

That much of the good feeling exhibited was owing to the high standing of our Minister at the French Court, is unquestionable ; and I feel it a duty, not less incumbent than grateful, again to acknowledge the marked kindness of General Cass, and the personal and zealous exertions he never failed making, to render my visit to Paris most advantageous to the State. " ' The researches in the French was archives being completed, I returned to London and some time occupied in further investigations, and in making preparations for my return to America. The documents transcribed at Paris and in London were carefully packed, insured and shipped for New-York and my arrangements having been completed, I embarked for ;

home on the 7th July, 1844. " From this detail of proceedings, it will be perceived that the execution of my mission was '

attended with considerable embarrassment. This occurred chiefly in London, where the regulations of office were much more stringent than at the Hague or in Paris. In both these latter places there was no difficulty experienced, either in obtaining access to the archives or in procuring transcripts at reasonable rates. The price paid for copies was about eleven cents for eacii page. In London, however, as before stated, my application for permission to employ a private copyist having failed, I was obliged to pay to the regular clerks in the State Paper Office 4d. sterling for every folio of seventy-two words, or about twenty-five cents for an ordinary page transcribed. This circumstance, and the unexpectedly large number of volumes to be examined, caused me much became desirable to limit my selections embarrassment. It

The price paid for copies was about eleven cents for eacii page. In London, however, as before stated, my application for permission to employ a private copyist having failed, I was obliged to pay to the regular clerks in the State Paper Office 4d. sterling for every folio of seventy-two words, or about twenty-five cents for an ordinary page transcribed. This circumstance, and the unexpectedly large number of volumes to be examined, caused me much became desirable to limit my selections embarrassment. It

as much as possible, in order to keep the expenses within the amount of the funds appropriated for the Agency while at the same time my duty did not allow me to pass by a single document ;

coming under my observation, "important" to illustrate our history. I have before slated that, in the course of my investigations in the State Paper Office, I ascertained that there were other series of books and papers than those the terms of my original permission allowed me to inspect, containing information respecting our history ; and that a subsequent order from Lord Aberdeen gave me the liberty to examine a large number of additional volumes. I am far from affirming, however, that everything in relation to our history, in the British archives, has been obtained though I think it may safely be said that the greater and more valuable portion ;

of the materials there preserved has been secured. Had sufficient funds been placed at my disposal, I should have pursued my researches until everything accessible had been obtained ;

I have before slated that, in the course of my investigations in the State Paper Office, I ascertained that there were other series of books and papers than those the terms of my original permission allowed me to inspect, containing information respecting our history ; and that a subsequent order from Lord Aberdeen gave me the liberty to examine a large number of additional volumes. I am far from affirming, however, that everything in relation to our history, in the British archives, has been obtained though I think it may safely be said that the greater and more valuable portion ;

of the materials there preserved has been secured. Had sufficient funds been placed at my disposal, I should have pursued my researches until everything accessible had been obtained ;

and should especially have endeavored to procure copies of the correspondence of the British Military Commanders in America, from the surrender of Canada to the end of the American Revolution.

GENERAL INTRODUCTION. xxxv " ' The selection of documents was a point necessarily left to the discretion of the Agent; and in the execution of this important duty I adopted for my rule a principle which cannot be better expressed than in the words of the Editors of the "Clarendon State Papers," who say in their preface --" In so large a collection, there occurred, as might well be expected, some papers of a private nature, others of no consequence to the public. To separate these from the rest was a point left to the discretion of the Editors by the Trustees of the late Lord Hyde. Such, therefore, as appeared to them in either of these lights are rejected from publication. They have used their best judgment, and the utmost caution, in acquitting themselves of this trust ; and if there are still any given which may appear to some to be scarce worthy of publication, they desire it may be considered that men's ideas of such matters are often very diHerent, and that any particular paper which, upon being perused apart from the rest, may seem of too little consequence to merit the public notice, would yet have been very improperly suppressed, either because it may be connected with and tend to illustrate a more interesting paper, or on account of some other circumstance which may not immediately occur to the reader." '• 'Immediately on my arrival in New-York, in August last, I waited on Governor Bouck, and acquainted him with the results of my mission.

They have used their best judgment, and the utmost caution, in acquitting themselves of this trust ; and if there are still any given which may appear to some to be scarce worthy of publication, they desire it may be considered that men's ideas of such matters are often very diHerent, and that any particular paper which, upon being perused apart from the rest, may seem of too little consequence to merit the public notice, would yet have been very improperly suppressed, either because it may be connected with and tend to illustrate a more interesting paper, or on account of some other circumstance which may not immediately occur to the reader." '• 'Immediately on my arrival in New-York, in August last, I waited on Governor Bouck, and acquainted him with the results of my mission. As the transcripts made in London and in Paris were uuarranged, and as it was essential to their usefulness that they should be disposed in accurate chronological order, bound into volumes, and carefully indexed, before being deposited in the Secretary of State's oifice, the Governor thought it best that I should occupy myself with this duty, and report fully to the Executive upon its completion. I have, accordingly, been diligently engaged in the execution of this work since August last. " 'The transcripts were all separately made, and in such a manner that they could be afterwards arranged in proper order. This was necessarily the case, as the originals were not all contained in one particular set of many and various series. books or papers, but were scattered through The documents copied at the Hague, and in Amsterdam, were all arranged and indexed by myself during leisure evening hours, while in London, in the winter and spring of 1843, and were bound and sent to Albany in the summer of that year.

" 'The transcripts were all separately made, and in such a manner that they could be afterwards arranged in proper order. This was necessarily the case, as the originals were not all contained in one particular set of many and various series. books or papers, but were scattered through The documents copied at the Hague, and in Amsterdam, were all arranged and indexed by myself during leisure evening hours, while in London, in the winter and spring of 1843, and were bound and sent to Albany in the summer of that year. These "Holland Documents" occupy, as before stated, sixteen volumes, and have been for more than a year in the Secretary of State's office. In arranging the " London Documents," great care was necessary, in order to avoid the apparent confusion of dates caused by the use of the Old Style, which prevailed in England till the year 1752. It is believed, however, that this point has been carefully guarded, and that the plan I adopted, viz: the use of the Historical year (which commenced on the 1st of January) instead of the Legal year (which commenced on the 25th March), and of the Old Style, until 1752, when the act of Parliament took effect, will be found to have been judicious, and to meet the approbation of the investigator. The " Paris Documents" are arranged according to the New Style, which was adopted in France in 1-5S2. " The calendars to the " Holland," " London " and " Paris " Documents, appended to this '

It is believed, however, that this point has been carefully guarded, and that the plan I adopted, viz: the use of the Historical year (which commenced on the 1st of January) instead of the Legal year (which commenced on the 25th March), and of the Old Style, until 1752, when the act of Parliament took effect, will be found to have been judicious, and to meet the approbation of the investigator. The " Paris Documents" are arranged according to the New Style, which was adopted in France in 1-5S2. " The calendars to the " Holland," " London " and " Paris " Documents, appended to this '

report, have been prepared with much care, and it is hoped will be found useful. They indicate the number of each document in the volume, its general scope and character, its date, and its page ; and thus, persons at a distance will be enabled to ascertain at once the contents and the bearing of each paper in the whole series of eighty volumes of European transcripts. " 'By the act of the 2d May, 1839, establishing the Agency, the sum of four thousand dollars was appropriated towards defraying its expenses. On the 11th of April, 1842, a further sum of three thousand dollars was appropriated by law for its prosecution and on the 13th of ;

xxxvi GENERAL INTRODUCTION. April, 1S43, a further sum of five thousand dollars was appropriated by the Legislature. These several appropriiitions, amounting to twelve thousand dollars, have been drawn from the treasury and entirely exhausted in defraying the expenses of my mission; accurate accounts for which have been rendered to the Comptroller. I will only add, that I have advanced from my own private means a considerable amount, in addition, which has been applied to defraying the expenses of transportation, insurance, binding, and other incidentals connected with the arranging and cataloguing of the documents; in which duty, as before stated, I have been constantly occupied since the month of August last.

These several appropriiitions, amounting to twelve thousand dollars, have been drawn from the treasury and entirely exhausted in defraying the expenses of my mission; accurate accounts for which have been rendered to the Comptroller. I will only add, that I have advanced from my own private means a considerable amount, in addition, which has been applied to defraying the expenses of transportation, insurance, binding, and other incidentals connected with the arranging and cataloguing of the documents; in which duty, as before stated, I have been constantly occupied since the month of August last. " 'I have endeavored to lay before your Excellency as full and as concise a report as possible of the execution of the duties of the Agency I had the honor to have entrusted to me by the government of my State. The whole question of this Agency, and of its results, is now before my fellow-citizens, and to their judgment it is cheerfully submitted. Under any circumstances, and in any event, and however unworthy the instrument selected to execute her high commission, it must ever be a source of proud reflection that the State of New-York not less -- faithful now, in her time of power and greatness, to her honor and to her fame, than in her day

of difficulty and oppression to the principles she then so fearlessly asserted -- has been among the foremost of the Confederation to vindicate her self-respect to the world, by rescuing from obscurity and long neglect the scattered memorials of her Colonial existence, to place them side by side the records of her independent progress. " ' I have the honor to be, Sir, " ' Very respectfully, " 'Your Excellency's obedient servant, "'JOHN ROMEYN BRODHEAD. " 'Albanv, 12ih February, 1845.' "

of difficulty and oppression to the principles she then so fearlessly asserted -- has been among the foremost of the Confederation to vindicate her self-respect to the world, by rescuing from obscurity and long neglect the scattered memorials of her Colonial existence, to place them side by side the records of her independent progress. " ' I have the honor to be, Sir, " ' Very respectfully, " 'Your Excellency's obedient servant, "'JOHN ROMEYN BRODHEAD. " 'Albanv, 12ih February, 1845.' "

The message of the Governor, and the Agent's final report, communicated therewith, were referred to a select committee of the Senate, of which Mr. Folsom was chairman. On the 5th of May, 1845, that committee made the following report:

" A respect for the memorials of the past may be justly considered as one of the marks of advanced civilization. Among savage nations the only care is for the supply of present wants, which, being es*lusively of a physical nature, like those of irrational animals, are easily satisfied, with equal indifference to the past and the future. But as mankind rise in the scale of intelligence, a growing solicitude is felt in regard to circumstances and events beyond the present moment the necessity of making provision for future exigencies becomes ;

more and more apparent, and leads to untiring exertion to accomplish so important an end. It is reserved, however, for a still higher degree of progress to develope any considerable interest respecting the past. It is an old utilitarian maxim that makes a dead lion of less claim to consideration than a living ass and the mind requires to be raised above the ;

But as mankind rise in the scale of intelligence, a growing solicitude is felt in regard to circumstances and events beyond the present moment the necessity of making provision for future exigencies becomes ;

more and more apparent, and leads to untiring exertion to accomplish so important an end. It is reserved, however, for a still higher degree of progress to develope any considerable interest respecting the past. It is an old utilitarian maxim that makes a dead lion of less claim to consideration than a living ass and the mind requires to be raised above the ;

ordinary calculations of mere thrift to appreciate the value of what no longer possesses actual power or influence in the esteem of the busy world. The monuments of history, standing aside in the seclusion of by-places and deserted spots, or buried beneath what is generally regarded as the useless rubbish of the remains of antiquity, are passed by with indillerence

GENERAL INTRODUCTION. xxxvii

Tinlil an enlightened desire is awakened to know something of the early foundations of society, or to explore the sources of national greatness. " It has been made a subject of reproach to this country, by the enemies of republican institutions, thatno care is taken among us to preserve our ancient records a charge -- implying a semi-barbarous condition of society, and far from complimentary to our national character. But admitting its truth, to a considerable extent, there is good reason to believe it will not be long deserved ; for public attention is beginning to be more and more directed to the importance of rescuing from destruction whatever may tend to illustrate the rise and progress of our institutions, and exhibit, in bolder relief, the character and labors of the pioneers of civilization upon the shores of the New World.

" It has been made a subject of reproach to this country, by the enemies of republican institutions, thatno care is taken among us to preserve our ancient records a charge -- implying a semi-barbarous condition of society, and far from complimentary to our national character. But admitting its truth, to a considerable extent, there is good reason to believe it will not be long deserved ; for public attention is beginning to be more and more directed to the importance of rescuing from destruction whatever may tend to illustrate the rise and progress of our institutions, and exhibit, in bolder relief, the character and labors of the pioneers of civilization upon the shores of the New World. " It is the misfortune of this State that its early founders have been held up to the ridicule of the world by one of its most gifted sons, who has exhausted the resources of his wit and satire in exposing imaginary traits in their characters, while the most polished efforts of his graver style have been reserved to adorn the Corinthian columns of the more aristocratic institutions of foreign countries. A late excellent writer, the author of a valuable History of the United States, although a stranger to our country, has spoken in proper terms on this subject; he remarks as follows Founders of ancient colonies have sometimes been deified : '

by their successors. New-York is perhaps the only commonwealth whose founders 'have been covered with ridicule from the same quarter. It is impossible to read the ingenious and diverting romance entitled Knickerbocker's History of New-York, without wishing that the author had put a little more or a little less truth in it and that his talent for ;

A late excellent writer, the author of a valuable History of the United States, although a stranger to our country, has spoken in proper terms on this subject; he remarks as follows Founders of ancient colonies have sometimes been deified : '

by their successors. New-York is perhaps the only commonwealth whose founders 'have been covered with ridicule from the same quarter. It is impossible to read the ingenious and diverting romance entitled Knickerbocker's History of New-York, without wishing that the author had put a little more or a little less truth in it and that his talent for ;

humor and sarcasm had found another subject than the dangers, hardships and virtues of the ancestors of his national family. It must be unfavorable to patriotism to connect historical recollections with ludicrious associations.' " To remove the reproach thus thoughtlessly attached to the annals of our State, it is

only necessary to bring to light the true character of its early colonists, whose father-land ranked at that period among the foremost nations of Europe in point of commercial wealth and enterprise, and before all others in the freedom of its government ; a freedom purchased by forty years' struggle against the bloodthirsty myrmidons of Spanish despotism. The traits ascribed by the mock historian to the first settlers of New -York can scarcely be supposed to have characterized such a people on the other hand, the manly virtues they displayed ;

amidst the toils and hardships of colonial life, removed at so great a distance from the scenes of their early associations, deserve a very different commemoration at the hands of their descendants and successors. " The New -York Historical Society -- an institution that has done much to preserve the historical records of our State -- first suggested to the Legislature the propriety of searching the archives of the Netherlands, and other European governments, for documents illustrative of the early history of the State.

amidst the toils and hardships of colonial life, removed at so great a distance from the scenes of their early associations, deserve a very different commemoration at the hands of their descendants and successors. " The New -York Historical Society -- an institution that has done much to preserve the historical records of our State -- first suggested to the Legislature the propriety of searching the archives of the Netherlands, and other European governments, for documents illustrative of the early history of the State. In compliance with a memorial from that institution, the Legislature passed the act of May 2d, 1839, authorizing the Governor and Senate ' to appoint an Agent to visit England, Holland and France, for the purpose of procuring copies of all such documents and papers, in the archives and offices of those governments, relating to or in any way affecting the Colonial or other history of this State.' The sum of four thousand dollars was at the same time appropriated to carry out the objects of the Agency, which, by two subsequent appropriations, was increased to twelve thousand dollars. On the 15th of January, 1841, nearly two years after the passage of the law, .John Romeyn Brodhead, of the county

xxxviii GENERAL INTRODUCTION. of Ulster, was appointed to tliis Agency, and embarked for England on the first of May following, for the purpose of entering upon the duties of his mission. A copy of his instructions, from the Executive of the State, is annexed to this report. " In pursuance of these instructions, Mr. Brodhead, on his arrival in London, applied to the British government for permission to make transcripts of such documents in its archives as related to our Colonial history. The application appears to have been coldly received by Lord Palmerston, then Principal Secretary of State for Foreign Aflairs, notwithstanding the kind offices rendered to the Agent by Mr.

A copy of his instructions, from the Executive of the State, is annexed to this report. " In pursuance of these instructions, Mr. Brodhead, on his arrival in London, applied to the British government for permission to make transcripts of such documents in its archives as related to our Colonial history. The application appears to have been coldly received by Lord Palmerston, then Principal Secretary of State for Foreign Aflairs, notwithstanding the kind offices rendered to the Agent by Mr. Stevenson, Minister from the United States near that government and, without losing time, Mr. Brodhead proceeded at once to Holland, where ;

a very different reception awaited him. Repairing to the Hague, he was presented to the King by the Hon. Harmanus Bleecker, the American Minister to the Netherlands and it ;

was soon found that His Majesty took a lively interest in the objects of the mission, and was disposed to grant every possible facility to aid the researcht^s of the Agent. It seems to have been regarded in that country as a gratifying circumstance, that the descendants of Dutch ancestors, who had left the father-land two centuries ago, should so far cherish the remembrance of their ancient lineage as to dispatch one of their number across the wide ocean to seek memorials of the olden time and a warm feeling of kindness was extended by all ;

clasps towards the Agent, and liberal arrangements were made to lighten and facilitate his labors. " The results of Mr. Brodhead's researches in Holland are sixteen volumes of transcripts in the Dutch language, an analysis of which is contained in his printed calendar. It will be observed that these documents comprise a great variety of details relative to the original discovery and settlement of our State ; commencing with notices of the first navigators who explored the North and East rivers, and embracing copies of the decrees of the States-General, granting the privileges of trade and further discovery to companies of merchants, which led to the subsequent colonization by patroons or patentees of lands.

Brodhead's researches in Holland are sixteen volumes of transcripts in the Dutch language, an analysis of which is contained in his printed calendar. It will be observed that these documents comprise a great variety of details relative to the original discovery and settlement of our State ; commencing with notices of the first navigators who explored the North and East rivers, and embracing copies of the decrees of the States-General, granting the privileges of trade and further discovery to companies of merchants, which led to the subsequent colonization by patroons or patentees of lands. One of these grants, bearing date October 11th, 1614, is accompanied by a descriptive map of the North river and the adjacent country, executed within five years after the discovery by Hudson. It only remains that the seal of a foreign language should be taken off from these valuable and curious records, to render them accessible to all and to this end the committee would ;

recommend that a suitable person be employed to translate them at the public expense. " Among these documents the committee would particularly notice one that possesses peculiar interest in its relation to the Dutch Colony on the Island of Manhattan. The precise year in which that Colony was planted is not known the oldest records in possession of the ;

State, before the receipt of these documents, commence with the administration of Governor Kieft, in the year 1G38, with the single exception of some grants of land which go back to 1630. But there was found a few years ago among the papers of Governor Bradford, of the Plymouth Colony, a correspondence between that functionary and the Dutch authorities of New Netherland, on the Island of Manhattan, bearing date in the year 1627 ; and Bradford, in a letter written at that time, says of the Dutch, ' that for strength of men and fortifications they far exceed them and all others in the country.' Until the reception of these fruits of the Agency, we were thus indebted to another Colony for the first notice of the colonization of our own State.

But there was found a few years ago among the papers of Governor Bradford, of the Plymouth Colony, a correspondence between that functionary and the Dutch authorities of New Netherland, on the Island of Manhattan, bearing date in the year 1627 ; and Bradford, in a letter written at that time, says of the Dutch, ' that for strength of men and fortifications they far exceed them and all others in the country.' Until the reception of these fruits of the Agency, we were thus indebted to another Colony for the first notice of the colonization of our own State. It is true, a few trading houses had been established, and forts erected, both on Manhattan Island and at Albany, several years before ; but no accounts of a regular settlement of the country by families from Holland at that early date have reached us.

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GENERAL INTRODUCTION. xxxix

" The document alluded to, although brief, enables us to show the existence of the Colonystill earlier than the correspondence with Governor Bradford. The attention of the Legislature has already been called to it, in a report made to this body during the last session, but for a very different purpose, and in an incomplete and inaccurate translation ; it is therefore reproduced here. It is a letter written from Amsterdam by Mr. Schagen, the Deputy of the States-General at the meeting of the West India Company, to the Dutch Government at the Hague, announcing the arrival at Amsterdam of a ship from New Netherland, with advices from the Dutch colonists on the Island of Manhattan ; bearing date November 5th, 1626. The followinc; is a translation of this document

The attention of the Legislature has already been called to it, in a report made to this body during the last session, but for a very different purpose, and in an incomplete and inaccurate translation ; it is therefore reproduced here. It is a letter written from Amsterdam by Mr. Schagen, the Deputy of the States-General at the meeting of the West India Company, to the Dutch Government at the Hague, announcing the arrival at Amsterdam of a ship from New Netherland, with advices from the Dutch colonists on the Island of Manhattan ; bearing date November 5th, 1626. The followinc; is a translation of this document

« ' TO THE HIGH AND MIGHTY LORDS OF THE STATES-GENERAL AT THE HAGUE

" ' Mt Lords, --There arrived here yesterday the ship called the "Arms of Amsterdam," which sailed from the river Mauritius [the Hudson], in New-Netherland, on the 23d of September. Eeport is brought that our people there are diligent, and live peaceably their ;

wives have also borne them children. They have purchased the Island of Manhattes from the Indians for the sum of sixty guilders ; it contains 11,000 morgens of land. They have sown all kinds of grain in the middle of May, and reaped in the middle of August. I send you small samples of the summer grains, as wheat, rye, barley, oats, buckwheat, canary seed, beans and flax.

" ' The cargo of the ship consists of 7,246 beaver skins, 178J otter 675 " 48 mink " 36 cat-lynx " 33 mink " 34 small rat " together with a considerable quantity of oak timber and nut-wood.

They have sown all kinds of grain in the middle of May, and reaped in the middle of August. I send you small samples of the summer grains, as wheat, rye, barley, oats, buckwheat, canary seed, beans and flax.

" ' The cargo of the ship consists of 7,246 beaver skins, 178J otter 675 " 48 mink " 36 cat-lynx " 33 mink " 34 small rat " together with a considerable quantity of oak timber and nut-wood.

" ' Commending your High and Mighty Lordships to the favor of the Almighty, " I am your High Mightinesses' humble servant, '

" P. SCHAGEN. '

" 'At Amsterdam, Nov. 5th, anno 1626.'

" The historical value and interesting character of this document cannot fail to strike any one who is capable of appreciating the first efforts to introduce the arts of civilized life into a new and widely extended domain, which has since grown from these small beginnings into a large and flourishing commonwealth, excelling in population and resources some of the monarchies of the Old World. "Some doubt has hitherto existed in regard to the name of the Director-General or Governor of the Colony prior to the year 1633 and although it was generally supposed that the office ;

was then held by Peter Minuit, yet no official act of that person as chief magistrate was among our records. The fact is now established by the discovery of an original grant of lands, signed by Peter Minuit and his Council, dated at Fort Amsterdam, July 15th, 1630. The original parchment containing this grant was procured by Mr. Brodhead, and is now deposited

"Some doubt has hitherto existed in regard to the name of the Director-General or Governor of the Colony prior to the year 1633 and although it was generally supposed that the office ;

was then held by Peter Minuit, yet no official act of that person as chief magistrate was among our records. The fact is now established by the discovery of an original grant of lands, signed by Peter Minuit and his Council, dated at Fort Amsterdam, July 15th, 1630. The original parchment containing this grant was procured by Mr. Brodhead, and is now deposited

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xl GENERAL INTRODUCTION. in the Secretary of State's office. It is the only official act now extant of the first Governor of the Colony. " It is not, however, the intention of the committee in this report to pursue the analysis of the documents procured by Mr. Brodhead from the different archives to which he had access. The calendars printed with his report are sufficient for this purpose, and exhibit with great clearness the variety and richness of materiel comprised in the collection. "The committee will only add, that Mr. Brodhead, having finished his labors in Holland, returned to London in December, 1841, where in the meantime a change of ministry had taken place -- Lord Palmerston having been succeeded by Lord Aberdeen in the office of Foreign Secretary. A more friendly policy towards the objects of the Agency was now manifested, and, with the valuable aid of the new American Minister, Mr. Everett, the preliminary difficulties were removed, and Mr. Brodhead entered upon the labors of his mission ; not, however, without encountering many precautions of the government, that contributed to embarrass these labors and add to the trouble and expense attending them. It will be observed, in the report of Mr.

Brodhead, having finished his labors in Holland, returned to London in December, 1841, where in the meantime a change of ministry had taken place -- Lord Palmerston having been succeeded by Lord Aberdeen in the office of Foreign Secretary. A more friendly policy towards the objects of the Agency was now manifested, and, with the valuable aid of the new American Minister, Mr. Everett, the preliminary difficulties were removed, and Mr. Brodhead entered upon the labors of his mission ; not, however, without encountering many precautions of the government, that contributed to embarrass these labors and add to the trouble and expense attending them. It will be observed, in the report of Mr. Brodhead, that he did not confine his researches in England to the archives of state, but extended them to the magnificent collections of manuscripts contained in the British Museum, as well as other repositories in London and its vicinity. "In the summer of 1842, Mr. Brodhead proceeded to Paris, where the active kindness of General Cass, the American Minister, procured him all desirable facilities. The seventeen volumes of transcripts obtained in the French capital commence with the year 1631 and extend to 1763. They are beautifully engrossed, and will be consulted with great interest by every student of American history, especially in relation to the border wars that led to the of French power on this Continent. final reduction of Canada and the extinction

"Having completed his researches in Paris, Mr. Brodhead returned to England, and on the 7th of July, 1844, embarked for New -York, where he arrived early in the following month. Immediately after his arrival, he reported himself to Governor Bouck, and made known to him the general results of his mission. From that time until the date of his final report, the 12th of February last, he was employed at the city of New -York in arranging the documents in chronological order, framing indexes, and preparing his report.

Brodhead returned to England, and on the 7th of July, 1844, embarked for New -York, where he arrived early in the following month. Immediately after his arrival, he reported himself to Governor Bouck, and made known to him the general results of his mission. From that time until the date of his final report, the 12th of February last, he was employed at the city of New -York in arranging the documents in chronological order, framing indexes, and preparing his report. The documents were at the same time bound up in eighty distinct volumes, viz Sixteen volumes of Holland :

Documents, seventeen volumes of Paris Documents, and forty-seven volumes of London Documents, -- the latter coming down to the year 1782. " Should it be supposed that no practical utility will be derived to the State from the possession of these documents, it may be stated that important references have already been made to them, in the course of legislation, during the present session of the Legislature. The following extract from the report of a committee of the Assembly, in relation to lands granted by the State for military services, shows their value in this respect " 'The committee, also, in the spirit of the ruleof rendering justice to whom justice is due, feel constrained to acknowledge the important aid they have received, in this investigation and search for the musty records of olden time, from the report and documents of J. Romeyn Brodhead, Agent to procure and transcribe documents in Europe relative to the Colonial history of this State. Important papers and references, relating even to this claim, have been brought to light by his researches, and exhibit the importance of the objects and execution of his trust.' Report of Mr. Boug/tton, ^c, Ainil 21, 1845.

The following extract from the report of a committee of the Assembly, in relation to lands granted by the State for military services, shows their value in this respect " 'The committee, also, in the spirit of the ruleof rendering justice to whom justice is due, feel constrained to acknowledge the important aid they have received, in this investigation and search for the musty records of olden time, from the report and documents of J. Romeyn Brodhead, Agent to procure and transcribe documents in Europe relative to the Colonial history of this State. Important papers and references, relating even to this claim, have been brought to light by his researches, and exhibit the importance of the objects and execution of his trust.' Report of Mr. Boug/tton, ^c, Ainil 21, 1845.

GENERAL INTRODUCTION. xli

" The committee cannot better close this account of the fruits of this interesting mission than by quoting a few passages from a private letter addressed to the Agent by the Hon. George Bancroft, the American historian. After having consulted the collection, with reference to the period embraced in the forthcoming volumes of his History of the United States, Mr. Bancroft remarks as follows :

" Your papers I examined very carefully, from 1748 to the close of the series, and was '

deeply impressed with a sense of their importance. There is nothing in print like the minute and exact reports made by the French Canada of their operations on our frontier officers in

during their long struggle for the preservation of Canada. Your papers surround Montcalm with all the interest of a hero of romance, and trace his overthrow, clearly, to distinct and inexorable causes. " ' For the following period, your collections were also most interesting, and were absolutely necessary to the complete understanding of the politics of New-York during the years before the Revolution.

There is nothing in print like the minute and exact reports made by the French Canada of their operations on our frontier officers in

during their long struggle for the preservation of Canada. Your papers surround Montcalm with all the interest of a hero of romance, and trace his overthrow, clearly, to distinct and inexorable causes. " ' For the following period, your collections were also most interesting, and were absolutely necessary to the complete understanding of the politics of New-York during the years before the Revolution. The less numerous papers in the years of the Revolution contain some of the most curious and surprising character.' " In regard to the expenses of the mission, it appears, from the account rendered by the Comptroller, that there has been paid to the Agent, from the State treasury, the sum of $12,000, being the amount appropriated by the Legislature to defray the expenses of the Agency, at three several periods ; to wit : On the 2d of May, 1839, $4000 on the 11th of ;

April, 1842, $3000 ; and on the 13th of April, 1843, $5000. By the Comptroller's books, it appears that Mr. Brodhead has furnished accounts and vouchers for $12,014.23, including his compensation to July 7th, 1844, leaving a balance in his favor, to that date, of $14.23. " It appears, from an abstract of the Agent's accounts, that the Holland documents, exclusive of binding, cost $ 703 13 The Paris documents, 904 80 The London do., 4,078 01

April, 1842, $3000 ; and on the 13th of April, 1843, $5000. By the Comptroller's books, it appears that Mr. Brodhead has furnished accounts and vouchers for $12,014.23, including his compensation to July 7th, 1844, leaving a balance in his favor, to that date, of $14.23. " It appears, from an abstract of the Agent's accounts, that the Holland documents, exclusive of binding, cost $ 703 13 The Paris documents, 904 80 The London do., 4,078 01

$5,685 94 Salary of the Agent, two years eleven months and ten days, at $2000 per annum, $5,888 87 Traveling expenses, 439 42

$12,014 23

" It also appears, from the account, that there remains due to the Agent the sum of $1390.98, including salary, expenses of binding the documents, &c., from the 14th of August, 1844, to the 12th of February last. The committee have examined this account, with the vouchers, and recommend that it be paid ; and ask leave to introduce the accompanying bill."

The bill reported by the select committee having been passed into a law on the 13th of May, 1845, the Agent's accounts were duly settled, and his duty was completed. The documents thus collected by Mr. Brodhead remained for several years in the condition in which they had been deposited in the Secretary's office, aflfording light and

aid to historical inquirers, not only of this but of other States. The " Paris Documents"

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xlii GENERAL INTRODUCTION. "were found to be of special interest to the literary investigators of Canada and the northwestern States, while many of the papers procured in England contained new and important facts illustrating the general history of the Union. The " Holland

Brodhead remained for several years in the condition in which they had been deposited in the Secretary's office, aflfording light and

aid to historical inquirers, not only of this but of other States. The " Paris Documents"

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xlii GENERAL INTRODUCTION. "were found to be of special interest to the literary investigators of Canada and the northwestern States, while many of the papers procured in England contained new and important facts illustrating the general history of the Union. The " Holland

Documents" related more particularly to the local annals of New -York, while it was the Dutch Pro^-ince of New Netherland. Nevertheless, there were many pajjers found

in that series which had an important bearing upon points of great interest to the neighboring Colonies, and which explained some uncertain passages, especially in the history of New England, Pennsylvania, Delaware and Maryland. The documents procured in Holland and France, however, were in the Dutch and French languages the law of 1839 having required the Agent to obtain "if possible the originals, and if

not copies," of papers -- and proper translations were necessary in order to render them

generally useful.

In the meantime the new State Hall at Albany had been completed, and the records of the Secretary of State, together with those of the other State officers, had been

removed thither. A better opportunity was thus affi)rded to ascertain the character and extent of the historical archives which had remained so long in great disorder, and almost inaccessible. Measures were afterwards taken by Mr. Secretary Morgan to have these old papers properly arranged and bound ; and more than two hundred large folio volumes of original documents were accordingly prepared and placed in a condition for easy reference. For the first time, the State archives were thus reduced to comparative order, and a necessary work was accomplished, the want of which had caused many of

A better opportunity was thus affi)rded to ascertain the character and extent of the historical archives which had remained so long in great disorder, and almost inaccessible. Measures were afterwards taken by Mr. Secretary Morgan to have these old papers properly arranged and bound ; and more than two hundred large folio volumes of original documents were accordingly prepared and placed in a condition for easy reference. For the first time, the State archives were thus reduced to comparative order, and a necessary work was accomplished, the want of which had caused many of

the embarrassments already referred to. A general catalogue or calendar of all the records in the Secretary's office, which shall indicate the date, character and contents of

each document, is still greatly needed ; and it is hoped that it will soon be prepared and printed. The attention of the Legislature having been again directed to the subject, an appropriation was made, in the session of 1848, for collecting and translating some of the documents belonging to the State, connected with its history. In pursuance of this action, certain papers were compiled, under the direction of Mr. Secretary Morgan, by Dr. E. B. O'Callaqhan, which, on the 5th of January, 1849, the Legislature ordered to be printed. In the following April, the Legislature directed the Secretary of State to cause to be printed a second volume of what was styled the " Documentary History"

of New -York. Of this work, four volumes, in all, have been published. They contain a miscellaneous compilation, among which are some of the manuscripts procured by the Historical Agent in Europe.

E. B. O'Callaqhan, which, on the 5th of January, 1849, the Legislature ordered to be printed. In the following April, the Legislature directed the Secretary of State to cause to be printed a second volume of what was styled the " Documentary History"

of New -York. Of this work, four volumes, in all, have been published. They contain a miscellaneous compilation, among which are some of the manuscripts procured by the Historical Agent in Europe.

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GENERAL INTRODUCTION. xliii

It was thought by many, however, that such of the documents of the Agency as were in foreign languages should be translated, and that either the whole collection, or a selection of the naost important papers in it, should be published, as a distinct work, by the authority of the State. This proposition was favorably received, and a bill was introduced into the Legislature, which was passed into a law on the 30th of March, 1849, as follows

"AN ACT TO PROVIDE FOR THE PUBLICATION OF CERTAIN DOCUMENTS RELATING TO THE COLONIAL HISTORY OF THIS STATE. " Passed March 30, 1849, three-fifths beino present.' '

*' The People of the State of New -York, represented in Senate and Assembly, do enact as follows: " Section 1. The manuscript documents relating to the Colonial history of this State, now in the office of the Secretary of State, which were procured under and by virtue of an act of the Legislature, passed May 2, 1839, entitled ' An act to appoint an Agent to procure and transcribe documents in Europe relative to the Colonial history of this State,' or such portions thereof as the State officers hereinafter named shall deem advisable, shall be translated and printed for the use of the State. " <^ 2. The Governor, Secretary of State and Comptroller shall cause said documents to be prepared, printed, and bound in volumes of such size as they may determine upon, and for such purpose are hereby authorized to employ some suitable person to translate such parts thereof as are necessary, at a reasonable compensation to be fixed and certified by them.

The manuscript documents relating to the Colonial history of this State, now in the office of the Secretary of State, which were procured under and by virtue of an act of the Legislature, passed May 2, 1839, entitled ' An act to appoint an Agent to procure and transcribe documents in Europe relative to the Colonial history of this State,' or such portions thereof as the State officers hereinafter named shall deem advisable, shall be translated and printed for the use of the State. " <^ 2. The Governor, Secretary of State and Comptroller shall cause said documents to be prepared, printed, and bound in volumes of such size as they may determine upon, and for such purpose are hereby authorized to employ some suitable person to translate such parts thereof as are necessary, at a reasonable compensation to be fixed and certified by them. " § 3. The said State officers shall issue proposals for the printing and binding of such number of copies of said documents as they shall deem advisable to cause to be printed, not exceeding five thousand, in the same manner as proposals are required to be issued for the printing and binding of legislative documents, and shall make a contract for such printing and binding with such person or persons as shall have submitted proposals therefor, which, all things considered, they may deem most advantageous to the interests of the State, provided any of said proposals shall be by them considered reasonable. " % 4. The said State officers are hereby authorized to cause such portions of said documents to be stereotyped as they may deem the interests of the State to demand, and to secure or sell the copyright thereof, as in their judgment shall be for the interest of the State. " § 5.

The said State officers shall issue proposals for the printing and binding of such number of copies of said documents as they shall deem advisable to cause to be printed, not exceeding five thousand, in the same manner as proposals are required to be issued for the printing and binding of legislative documents, and shall make a contract for such printing and binding with such person or persons as shall have submitted proposals therefor, which, all things considered, they may deem most advantageous to the interests of the State, provided any of said proposals shall be by them considered reasonable. " % 4. The said State officers are hereby authorized to cause such portions of said documents to be stereotyped as they may deem the interests of the State to demand, and to secure or sell the copyright thereof, as in their judgment shall be for the interest of the State. " § 5. One thousand copies of said documents, when printed and bound, shall be deposited with the Secretary of State, and one copy thereof delivered by him to each member of the present Legislature, the President of the Senate, clerks and elective officers of the present Senate and Assembly, and twenty-three copies thereof (being one to each) to the several State officers who are entitled to bound copies of legislative documents; and the residue of said one thousand copies shall be by said Secretary of State retained, until disposed of as the Governor, Secretary of State and Comptroller may direct for the purpose and in the way of literary exchanges; and the remaining copies which shall be printed under the provisions of this act shall be sold under the directions of said State officers for such price as shall be determined by them, not less than twenty-five per cent over the actual cost of preparing, printing and binding the same, and the proceeds thereof paid into the State treasury.

One thousand copies of said documents, when printed and bound, shall be deposited with the Secretary of State, and one copy thereof delivered by him to each member of the present Legislature, the President of the Senate, clerks and elective officers of the present Senate and Assembly, and twenty-three copies thereof (being one to each) to the several State officers who are entitled to bound copies of legislative documents; and the residue of said one thousand copies shall be by said Secretary of State retained, until disposed of as the Governor, Secretary of State and Comptroller may direct for the purpose and in the way of literary exchanges; and the remaining copies which shall be printed under the provisions of this act shall be sold under the directions of said State officers for such price as shall be determined by them, not less than twenty-five per cent over the actual cost of preparing, printing and binding the same, and the proceeds thereof paid into the State treasury. " § 6. This act shall take effect immediately."

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xllv GENERAL INTRODUCTION.

It became a question whether, under the discretion vested by this law in the State officers therein named, the whole of the documents or a selection of them only should

be published. Mr. Brodhead, who was then Secretary of the American Legation at London, and about to return home, offered to superintend the publication of such a selection, if it should be determined upon, without any charge to the State for his services. It was, however, on full consideration of the subject, deemed best to print

It became a question whether, under the discretion vested by this law in the State officers therein named, the whole of the documents or a selection of them only should

be published. Mr. Brodhead, who was then Secretary of the American Legation at London, and about to return home, offered to superintend the publication of such a selection, if it should be determined upon, without any charge to the State for his services. It was, however, on full consideration of the subject, deemed best to print

the whole of the documents, and, under the authority vested in the State officers by the

second section of the law, they employed E. B. O'Callaghan, M. D., to make the necessary translations and to superintend the publication generally. In a communication to the Assembly, dated the 29th January, 1851 (Assembly Documents, No. 66), also in a report from the Comptroller to the Senate, made on 1st February, 1853 (Senate Documents, No. 24), and in the annual reports of the Comptroller to the Legislature, will be found detailed statements of the progress of the work. The arrangement adopted was, that the publication should consist of ten quarto volumes. Of these, the first and second were to contain translations of the " Holland Documents ;" the third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth, the " London Documents ;" and the ninth and tenth, translations of the " Paris Documents." The publication of the work was commenced in 1853 by the issue of the third volume, or the first of the English series -- the translation of the papers to form the first and second volumes not having been then completed. The fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh and ninth volumes were afterwards successively issued, all of them accompanied by foot notes by the translator.

Of these, the first and second were to contain translations of the " Holland Documents ;" the third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth, the " London Documents ;" and the ninth and tenth, translations of the " Paris Documents." The publication of the work was commenced in 1853 by the issue of the third volume, or the first of the English series -- the translation of the papers to form the first and second volumes not having been then completed. The fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh and ninth volumes were afterwards successively issued, all of them accompanied by foot notes by the translator.

It will be observed that no editor's name is attached to the third volume of the work -- the first which appeared as above stated -- the note on the back of the title page having been thought to afford sufficient information as to the manner of its publication ; but in the subsequent volumes the name of the translator was, by the permission of the State officers, affixed as editor.

At its session of 1856, the Legislature passed the following act

"AN ACT IN RELATION TO THE COLONIAL HISTORY OF THE STATE AND THE PUBLICATION AND DISTRIBUTION THEREOF. "Passed April 12, 1856, 'three-fifths being present.'

" The People of the State of New -York, represented in Senate and Assembly, do enact as follows "Section 1. The publication of the documents relating to the Colonial history of the State, pursuant to chapter one hundred and seventy-five of the Laws of eighteen hundred and fortynine, shall be completed under the direction of the Regents of the University, who shall hereafter have the charge of the same, and of all things relating thereto, in place of and with the same powers as the officers named in said act.

" The People of the State of New -York, represented in Senate and Assembly, do enact as follows "Section 1. The publication of the documents relating to the Colonial history of the State, pursuant to chapter one hundred and seventy-five of the Laws of eighteen hundred and fortynine, shall be completed under the direction of the Regents of the University, who shall hereafter have the charge of the same, and of all things relating thereto, in place of and with the same powers as the officers named in said act.

GENERAL INTRODUCTION. xlv

" § 2. If the said Regents shall ascertain that, by the contracts already made in regard to the said work, the State has agreed to print the whole of said documents, and they shall be of opinion that portions only of those not yet printed should be published, they, the said Regents, may, in that event, arrange with the contractors for the publication, in the place of the documents thus withdrawn, of others in relation to the early history of the State, to an equivalent extent, so as not to increase the amount of the contract. The Secretary of State is hereby authorized to permit all proper investigations in his and the use of any office,

documents or books therein, for this purpose. " '^ 3. Five copies of the said published documents shall be delivered to each member of the present Legislature, and five copies thereof shall be given to each of the clerks, officers and reporters of the present Senate and Assembly, and to the several public officers who are entitled to bound copies of legislative documents. Three hundred copies thereof shall be placed with the Regents of the University, and two hundred and fifty copies thereof with the Secretary of State for literary exchanges and distribution, as they may deem proper.

Five copies of the said published documents shall be delivered to each member of the present Legislature, and five copies thereof shall be given to each of the clerks, officers and reporters of the present Senate and Assembly, and to the several public officers who are entitled to bound copies of legislative documents. Three hundred copies thereof shall be placed with the Regents of the University, and two hundred and fifty copies thereof with the Secretary of State for literary exchanges and distribution, as they may deem proper. The remaining copies shall be ofl^ered for sale, under the direction of the Regents, on such public notice, and on such terms and price, not less than two dollars and fifty cents per volume, as they may deem proper; and such copies as remain unsold, at the end of six months, shall be placed in the custody of the Regents of the University, subject to future distribution by the Legislature; the proceeds of any such sales made by the said Regents, after deducting their necessary expenses under this act, shall Persons who may have already subscribed be paid into the State treasury. for or purchased said documents, or such of them as may have been published, shall be credited with the amount they may have paid, and be allowed to complete their sets at the price fixed by the Regents as aforesaid. '"§ 4. This act shall take effect immediately."

On inquiry into the progress made in the translations and the condition of the work generally, it was found to be so nearly completed that it was deemed inexpedient by the Regents to attempt any exercise of the discretion vested in them under the second section of the act of the Legislature. All that remained for them to do was to superintend the residue of the publication, according to the arrangement determined upon and the contracts made by their predecessors.

On inquiry into the progress made in the translations and the condition of the work generally, it was found to be so nearly completed that it was deemed inexpedient by the Regents to attempt any exercise of the discretion vested in them under the second section of the act of the Legislature. All that remained for them to do was to superintend the residue of the publication, according to the arrangement determined upon and the contracts made by their predecessors.

TRANSCRIPTS OF DOCUMENTS

EOTAL ARCHIVES AT THE HAGUE AND IN THE STAD-HTTYS OF THE CITY OF AMSTERDAM.

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS: I-YIIL

1603-1656.

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS.

The documents contained in the first and second volumes of this work are translations of accurate transcripts of originals found in the Royal Archives at the Hague, and in the Archives of the city of Amsterdam, during the year 1841. It will be observed that there are several different references at the head of the papers. These relate to the particular divisions or repositories in the Archives, in which the originals were found ; and it has been thought advisable to retain them in every case, not so much on account of any particular use they can now be to the investigator, but rather because they afford a curious and valuable proof of the authenticity of each document.

ROYAL ARCHIVES AT THE HAGUE. In arranging the papers -- which it will be noticed were separately transcribed --a strictly chronological

order was observed, being the one that seemed to be most judicious. Each paper has, generally, two memoranda upon it -- the day of its actual date, and the day when it was presented to the States-General. The Resolutions have, of course, only one date ; but most of the papers and memorials presented to the States being the subjects of Resolutions of that body, there is a memorandum of the day of reception marked on each, which corresponds with the date of the Resolution ; and in this manner each paper has been arranged -- not according to the actual date -- but according to the order of time in which it was acted on by the States, and being always found near the Resolution to which it gave rise.

The Resolutions have, of course, only one date ; but most of the papers and memorials presented to the States being the subjects of Resolutions of that body, there is a memorandum of the day of reception marked on each, which corresponds with the date of the Resolution ; and in this manner each paper has been arranged -- not according to the actual date -- but according to the order of time in which it was acted on by the States, and being always found near the Resolution to which it gave rise.

As there are various references in these papers, it is thought that the subjoined statement of the different repositories from which they were taken may not be altogether useless. 1. Registers or Notulen of the States-General. These books may be considered the most important in the Archives. They contain the official records of the proceedings of the States-General respecting every matter that came before them. They were kept by the greffiers or clerks of the States, and commence with the year 1576. 2. West India Registers. By a resolution of the States-General of 16 April, 1638, all their proceedings in respect to the affairs of the West India Company are to be kept in separate Registers. These commence with 1688, and extend to 1670, when they were discontinued. 3. Secrete Resolutien. These Registers contain the proceedings of the States General in regard to subjects which it was deemed proper to record in separate volumes, such as treaties, declarations of war, &c., &c. The volume 1609-1615 is missing. 4. Imtructie Boeken. These contain the Instructions issued from time to time to officers and agents of Government. 5. Commissie Boeken. These contain the Commissions issued to officers. 6. Acte Boeken. • Containing the originals of all Laws, Placaats, &c., of the States-General.

These Registers contain the proceedings of the States General in regard to subjects which it was deemed proper to record in separate volumes, such as treaties, declarations of war, &c., &c. The volume 1609-1615 is missing. 4. Imtructie Boeken. These contain the Instructions issued from time to time to officers and agents of Government. 5. Commissie Boeken. These contain the Commissions issued to officers. 6. Acte Boeken. • Containing the originals of all Laws, Placaats, &c., of the States-General.

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1 HOLLAND DOCUMENTS. 7. Registers of Uytgaande Brieven. These contain copies of letters from the States to their oflBcers and diplomatic agents, as well as to Foreign powers. They commence with the year 1646, previous to which the drafts of letters were preserved on the Liasses -- of which presently.

8. Registers of Ingekomen Brieven General. These contain copies of General letters received, commencing with 1650. The originals are preserved on the Liasses ; and it often happens that the Bylagen or appendices to the letters are not copied in these Registers. 9. Registers of Ingekomen Brieven uyt Engeland. These hooks contain copies of letters from the Legation in England, the originals of which are on the Liasses. 10. Registers of Ligekomen Brieven uyt Spanje, containing copies of letters from the Ambassadors in Spain, the originals of which are on the Liasses. 11. Liasses. Loopende. These are files, on which the originals of all general letters and memorials received by the States-General are preserved. Each paper is marked with the day of its date, and of its reception by the States. They are arranged and referred to, according to the latter date. These Liasses also contain drafts of general letters sent by the States. 12. Liasses Admiraletiet, containing papers relating to maritime affairs, and communications from the Board of Admiralty. 13.

These are files, on which the originals of all general letters and memorials received by the States-General are preserved. Each paper is marked with the day of its date, and of its reception by the States. They are arranged and referred to, according to the latter date. These Liasses also contain drafts of general letters sent by the States. 12. Liasses Admiraletiet, containing papers relating to maritime affairs, and communications from the Board of Admiralty. 13. Liasses West Indien. These contain papers relating to the concerns of the West India Company. They commence with the year 1623 and are arranged in a manner similar to the foregoing. 14. Loket Kas. A large case with pigeon holes and drawers properly labeled, containing bundles of papers relating to various subjects, which were probably deposited here, on account of their being too bulky to be conveniently placed on the Liasses. 15. Secrete Kas. A case similar to the foregoing, containing papers relating to matters recorded in the Registers of Secrete Resolutien. 16. Notulen van de Raad van Staat. These books contain the proceedings of the Council of State. 17. Notulen van Holland ends West Friesland. This is a large series of printed volumes of Proceedings of these two Provinces. It was usual for the States-General to ask the opinion of the Provincial States on all

questions of great public moment.

ARCHIVES OF THE CITY OF AMSTERDAM. 1. Resolutien van de Vroedschappen. These books contain the minutes of the Acts, Proceedings and Resolutions of the City Council of Amsterdam. 2. Muniment Register van den Raad. In this series of books are registered, at length, Reports of Committees, and important papers relating to the affairs of the city. One of the volumes -- " Muniment Register B " is not now in the Archives, and is supposed to have been lost about thirty years ago. 3.

Resolutien van de Vroedschappen. These books contain the minutes of the Acts, Proceedings and Resolutions of the City Council of Amsterdam. 2. Muniment Register van den Raad. In this series of books are registered, at length, Reports of Committees, and important papers relating to the affairs of the city. One of the volumes -- " Muniment Register B " is not now in the Archives, and is supposed to have been lost about thirty years ago. 3. Oroot Memorial. These volumes contain records of Public acts of the City Council, Instructions to Officers, Contracts, &o.

4. Gemien Missiven. Containing Records of letters sent under the direction of the Council. 5. A bundle of papers, entitled Rekeningen rakende Nieuw Nederland, containing accounts, &c., relating to the Colony of the City on the South river. 6. A large bundle of papers, entitled, Verscheide stukken rakende de Colonie van Nieuw JVederland. These papers, relating to the general concerns of the City Colony, including letters and reports received from thence, &c., ifcc, have all been arranged in chronological order, as nearly as their dates could be ascertained.

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CONTENTS.

1603. Faoh. August 1. Resolution of the States-General appointing Captain Dale to a company of foot 1

December 8. Resolution of the States-General that Captain Thomas Dale's commissiou be expedited 1

December 24. Resolution of the States-General on the subject of Captain Thomas Dale's pay, <tc 2

1606. Kovember 15. Memorandum that Thomas Dale and Sir Thomas Gates were in garrison service at Oudewater, 2 1608. April 24. Resolution of the States-General to allow Captain Sir Thomas Gates to be absent from his company, &a.,

Resolution of the States-General appointing Captain Dale to a company of foot 1

December 8. Resolution of the States-General that Captain Thomas Dale's commissiou be expedited 1

December 24. Resolution of the States-General on the subject of Captain Thomas Dale's pay, <tc 2

1606. Kovember 15. Memorandum that Thomas Dale and Sir Thomas Gates were in garrison service at Oudewater, 2 1608. April 24. Resolution of the States-General to allow Captain Sir Thomas Gates to be absent from his company, &a.,

in order to go to Virginia 2 1611. January 20. Resolution of the States-General upon the recommendation of the Prince of Wales, to allow Captain Thomas Dale to absent himself from his company for three years in order to go to "Virginia in the English service, 2 January 25. Further resolution of the States-General on the subject of Captain Dale's going to Virginia 3

February 9. Further resolution of the States-General on the same subject 3

February 21. Resolution of the States-General on the subject of furnishing passports, &c., to certain ships about to

set out on voyage of discovery of a passage to China, ifec, &c 3

September 7. Resolution of the States of Holland, &e., upon the memorial of certain merchants about a newly discovered navigation, 4 1614. March 20. Resolution of the States of Holland, upon the memorial of certain merchants, that the States-Genera! be recommended to pass a general ordinance in favor of all those who discover new lands, &c.,. . 4 March 27. Resolution of the States-General, upon the memorial of certain merchants, Ac, to grant the act or concession derived in favor of all those who discover any new lands, passages, &c., Ac, 5

Resolution of the States of Holland, &e., upon the memorial of certain merchants about a newly discovered navigation, 4 1614. March 20. Resolution of the States of Holland, upon the memorial of certain merchants, that the States-Genera! be recommended to pass a general ordinance in favor of all those who discover new lands, &c.,. . 4 March 27. Resolution of the States-General, upon the memorial of certain merchants, Ac, to grant the act or concession derived in favor of all those who discover any new lands, passages, &c., Ac, 5

March 27. General Octroy, or Charter, for all those who may discover any new passages, havens, lands or places, (fee, i&c. 6

July 18. Resolution of the States of Holland,.upon the memorial presented on behalf of certain merchants, concerning the erection of a general trading company for Africa and America, 6

June 21. Resolution of the States-General upon the same subject, 7

August 25. Resolution of the States-General on the subject of the erection of a West India Company 7

September 2. Further resolution of the States-General upon the same subject, 7 September 27. Resolution of the States of Holland on the subject of a general West India Company, with a draft of an act proposed to be passed by the States-General 8

August 19. Letter of King James I. to the States-General about Sir Thomas Dale, "Marechal de Virginie," *e., dated Newmarket, 9

September 30. Resolution of the States-General upon the foregoing letter, to allow Sir Thomas Dale to continue his residence in Virginia until their High Mightinesses shall otherwise direct 9

Resolution of the States of Holland on the subject of a general West India Company, with a draft of an act proposed to be passed by the States-General 8

August 19. Letter of King James I. to the States-General about Sir Thomas Dale, "Marechal de Virginie," *e., dated Newmarket, 9

September 30. Resolution of the States-General upon the foregoing letter, to allow Sir Thomas Dale to continue his residence in Virginia until their High Mightinesses shall otherwise direct 9

October 11. Resolution of the States-General (upon the report by the Deputies of the United Company of Merchants who have discovered New Netherhind, of the particulars of their discovery), to allow the said Company the exclusive right to make four voyages to New Netherland, <fec., within the time of three years from 1st January, 1615 10,

October 11. Original draft of tlie special grant to Gerritt Jacobsen Witssen and others, united in one company, of an exclusive right of trading, ifec, to New Netherland, for four voyages, within the period of three years, commencing 1st January, 1615, or sooner (with map), 11

CONTENTS. leu. October Official copy of the above special grant to Gerrit Jacobsen Witssen and others, of an exclusive right to

trade, &c., to New Netherland, from the "Acte Boek " of the States-General - 1616. August Minute of the appearance, before the States-General, of Captain Cornelia Hendricksen, <tc., in behalf of Gerrit Jacobsen Witssen and others, Directors of New Netherland, and of his submitting his second report of certain discoveries he had made in New Netherland, in a small yacht of eight lasts burthen, called the Onrust, which the Directors had caused to be built there, &c., &c. ; upon which the States- General resolve that, before coming to any decision on the special grant asked for, the report be committed to writing, (fee August Memorial of Gerrit Jacobsen Witssen and others.

August Minute of the appearance, before the States-General, of Captain Cornelia Hendricksen, <tc., in behalf of Gerrit Jacobsen Witssen and others, Directors of New Netherland, and of his submitting his second report of certain discoveries he had made in New Netherland, in a small yacht of eight lasts burthen, called the Onrust, which the Directors had caused to be built there, &c., &c. ; upon which the States- General resolve that, before coming to any decision on the special grant asked for, the report be committed to writing, (fee August Memorial of Gerrit Jacobsen Witssen and others. Directors of New Netherland, to the States-General, in relation to the discovery, under their direction, by Captain Cornells Hendricksen, of Munnichendam, of certain lands, bay, and three rivers, in the latitude of from 38^ to 40'; with an explanatory map, and also a copy of the general charter or ordinance of 27th March, 1614, annexed, August 19. Report of Captain Cornells Hendricksen, of Munnichendam, of his discoveries in New Netherland, presented to the States-General August 19. Resolution of the States-General thereupon, September 12. Resolution of the States-General upon the foregoing memorial, ifec, postponing a decision, November 3. Resolution of the States-General upon the same, again postponing a decision 1617. January 18. Minute of the presentation to the States-General of a memorial of Lambrecht van Tweenhuysen and others, praying the government for a ship of war, to encourage the fishery, &c., at Terra Nova, etc., a decision upon which is postponed, July Resolution of the States of Holland upon the petition of the Directors of the Australian Company, prohibiting William .Tanssen from printing or publishing the journals or maps of voyages made in behalf of the said Company, Ac, ,

Minute of the presentation to the States-General of a memorial of Lambrecht van Tweenhuysen and others, praying the government for a ship of war, to encourage the fishery, &c., at Terra Nova, etc., a decision upon which is postponed, July Resolution of the States of Holland upon the petition of the Directors of the Australian Company, prohibiting William .Tanssen from printing or publishing the journals or maps of voyages made in behalf of the said Company, Ac, ,

Resolution of the States of Holland forbidding William Janssen to make any corrections upon the globe, or to publish any map containing the newly discovered passage from the North to the South Sea, <fcc.,

January 26. Address of Sir Dudley Carleton, English Ambassador to the States-General, on the subject of Sir Thomas Dale's petition to their High Mightinesses 1617. December 2. Letter of Noel de Caron, the Dutch Ambassador at London, to the States-General on the same subject,

January 26. Petition of Sir Thomas Dale to the States-General, setting forth his services in Holland, Virginia, etc., with two endorsements of the action of the States-General thereupon January 26. Resolution of the States-General, referring Captain Dale's petition to the Council of State, <fcc

January 29. Report and advice of the Council of State to the States-General, upon the foregoing reference February 3. Minute of the States-General, postponing a final resolution upon the report of the Council of State upon Captain Dale's petition February 6. Resolution of the States-General upon Captain Dale's petition, February 9. Resolution of the States-General, that their determination upon Captain Dale's petition be put into the hands of the Council of State, in order to be carried into effect August 10. Resolution of the States of Holland, upon the complaint of William Janssen of the interdict against his publishing maps, <fcc,, allowing him permission to publish October 4.

Minute of the States-General, postponing a final resolution upon the report of the Council of State upon Captain Dale's petition February 6. Resolution of the States-General upon Captain Dale's petition, February 9. Resolution of the States-General, that their determination upon Captain Dale's petition be put into the hands of the Council of State, in order to be carried into effect August 10. Resolution of the States of Holland, upon the complaint of William Janssen of the interdict against his publishing maps, <fcc,, allowing him permission to publish October 4. Resolution of the States-General, upon the petition of the Company trading to the Island of New Netherland, praying for a continuation of their special grant, to examine the same before coming to a decision, Resolution of the States-General, upon the petition of Henrick Eelkens, and others, participants in the New Netherland Company, <i;c., that the petitioners be allowed to send their ship to New Netherland, 1620. February 12. Resolution of the States-General, upon the petition of the Directors of the Company trading to New Netherland, praying for two shif s of war, in order to colonize that country under the protection and authority of their High Mightinesses, that before coming to any conclusion thereupon, the opinion of the Admiralty be taken Memorial of the Directors of the New Netherland Company to the Prince of Orange,

CONTENTS. liii

1620. Page. February 26. Resolution of the States-General, upon the report of the Acimiralty, that before coming to any decision upon the subject of the foregoing petition, the opinion of the Prince of Orange, be taken 23 March 10. Resolution of the States-General, upon the same subject 24 April 10. Further resolution of the States-General, theieupon 24 April 11. Resolution of the States-General upon the foregoing petition, absolutely refusing its prayer 24 August 29.

CONTENTS. liii

1620. Page. February 26. Resolution of the States-General, upon the report of the Acimiralty, that before coming to any decision upon the subject of the foregoing petition, the opinion of the Prince of Orange, be taken 23 March 10. Resolution of the States-General, upon the same subject 24 April 10. Further resolution of the States-General, theieupon 24 April 11. Resolution of the States-General upon the foregoing petition, absolutely refusing its prayer 24 August 29. Minute of the States-General, stating the presentation of the petition of the joint owners of the ship Blyde Bootsckap, Capt. Cornells Jacobsen May, who had discovered certain new populous and fruitful lands, and asking for a special grant, &c. ; also, of another petition of Henrick Eelkens, and others, praying their High Mightinesses to refuse a grant to any persons but the petitioners and that -- thereupon both parties being called in, tlie States resolve that both the parties shall meet together, and try to arrange matters amicably, . 24 November 6. Resolution of the States-General to reluse the new grant petitioned for, as above 25 1621. September 13. Resolution of the States of Holland, respecting certain traders to Guinea and Virginia, 25 September 14. Resolution of the States-General, referring to the Admiralty of Zealand the petition of Henrick Allarts, and others, for permission to send a ship to New Virginia, 26 September 15. Resolution of the States-General, allowing Henrick Eelkens, and others, to send their ship, the Wilte Duive, to Virginia, Ac, 26 September 24 Resolution of tlie States-General allowing Dierck Volkertse, and others, to send a ship to Virginia,. . . 26 September 28. Resolution of the States-General, allowing Claes Jacobsen Haringcarspel, and others, to send two ships to New Netherland and the adjoining lands, <fec. 2T 1G22. March '

Resolution of the States-General, referring to the Admiralty of Zealand the petition of Henrick Allarts, and others, for permission to send a ship to New Virginia, 26 September 15. Resolution of the States-General, allowing Henrick Eelkens, and others, to send their ship, the Wilte Duive, to Virginia, Ac, 26 September 24 Resolution of tlie States-General allowing Dierck Volkertse, and others, to send a ship to Virginia,. . . 26 September 28. Resolution of the States-General, allowing Claes Jacobsen Haringcarspel, and others, to send two ships to New Netherland and the adjoining lands, <fec. 2T 1G22. March '

16. Resolution of the States-General, upon the request of Sir Dudley Carleton, the English Ambassador, that some order be taken upon the memorial he had presented to the States-General about Virginia, that Burgomaster Pauw be requested to write to the participants in the trade to New Netherland, that they inform the States-General of the situation of the matter referred to by the Ambassador,. . 27 April 21. Resolution of the States of Holland about the transportation of families, Ac, to the West Indies 28 April 27. Resolution of the States-General, upon the further request of Sir Dudley Carleton, to come to some decision upon his Proposition about Virginia -- to look for the same, and also for what has been printed in Amsterdam on this subject 28 June 18 Resolution of the States-General upon the petition of Claes Jacobsen Haringcarspel, and others, for an extension of time, etc, to postpone a decision 28 November 29. Resolution of the States-General, that the documents in their office relating to the West India Company, be delivered to the Directors thereof, upon their receipt, ic, 29 1624. March 22. Secret resolution of the States-General concerning a proposed union of the West India Companies, ... 29 March 30.

Resolution of the States-General, upon the further request of Sir Dudley Carleton, to come to some decision upon his Proposition about Virginia -- to look for the same, and also for what has been printed in Amsterdam on this subject 28 June 18 Resolution of the States-General upon the petition of Claes Jacobsen Haringcarspel, and others, for an extension of time, etc, to postpone a decision 28 November 29. Resolution of the States-General, that the documents in their office relating to the West India Company, be delivered to the Directors thereof, upon their receipt, ic, 29 1624. March 22. Secret resolution of the States-General concerning a proposed union of the West India Companies, ... 29 March 30. Letter of the Committee of the XIX. of the West India Company at Amsterdam, to the States-General, about the arrest, at Hoorn, of a French ship for Virginia 30 March 29. Letter of the Committee of the West India Company at Hoorn, concerning the ship for Virginia arrested there , 31 April 6. Letter of the States-General to the Chamber of XIX. of the West India Company, about the above matter, 32 April 9. Secret resolution of the States-General upon the proposed union of the West India Companies, &c., Ac, 32 May 17. Secret resolution of the States-General upon the same matter, with a draft of a letter to the Ambassadors in France, &c., 33 June 4. Extract of the journal of Messrs. Van Aerssen and Joachimi, the Ambassadors to England, <fec., 33 October 14. Minute of the report made to the States-General by the Directors of the West India Company, 34 1625. May 6. Resolution of the States-General admitting Mr. Sch.agen to a seat as a Deputy from Holland, etc. 36 1626. September 4. A statement of the property and effects of the West India Company, in the year 1626 35 October 10.

Extract of the journal of Messrs. Van Aerssen and Joachimi, the Ambassadors to England, <fec., 33 October 14. Minute of the report made to the States-General by the Directors of the West India Company, 34 1625. May 6. Resolution of the States-General admitting Mr. Sch.agen to a seat as a Deputy from Holland, etc. 36 1626. September 4. A statement of the property and effects of the West India Company, in the year 1626 35 October 10. Resolution of the States-General, appointing Messrs. Van Eck and Schagen their Deputies to the meeting of the West India Company, 37 November 5. Letter of Mr. P. Schagen to the States-Gener.T,l, stating the purchase of Manhattan Island from the Indians, for 60 guilders, &c., &c 37 November 7. Minute of the receipt of the above letter, 38

.

Ibr CONTENTS. 1627. NoTember 16. Extr.ict of a letter from the XIX. of the West India Company to the States-General, with news from New Netherland 1629. October 23. Letter of the West India Comjiany to the States-General, remonstrating against a peace with Spain,. .

November 16. Reasons and considerations offered by the West India Company to the States-General, concerning the proposed peace with Spain, <fec., 1030. July 15. Patent to Samuel Godyn and Samuel Blomraaert, for lands at South Hoeck on the South river, signed by Peter Minuit and his Council, 13. Patent to Kiliaen van Rensselaer for cert.iin lands, Ac, signed by Peter Minuit and his Council

April

April April

CONTENTS. Iv

1633. Page. Nov. l-Y. Various depositions of the sailors, <fec., belonging to the English ship sent to the Hudson river, giving details of the conduct of the officers of the West India Company in New Netherland 72 1634. June 13. Resolution of the States-General, referring the letter of the An-bassador Joachimi, with the preceding depositions to a committee, 82 June 16.

Patent to Kiliaen van Rensselaer for cert.iin lands, Ac, signed by Peter Minuit and his Council

April

April April

CONTENTS. Iv

1633. Page. Nov. l-Y. Various depositions of the sailors, <fec., belonging to the English ship sent to the Hudson river, giving details of the conduct of the officers of the West India Company in New Netherland 72 1634. June 13. Resolution of the States-General, referring the letter of the An-bassador Joachimi, with the preceding depositions to a committee, 82 June 16. Resolution of the States-General, substituting other persons on the committee on the differences between the West India Company and the Patroons, &e., 82 June 20. Kesolution of the States-General, upon the report of the committee on the subject of the letter of the Ambassador at London, that extracts of the papers be furnished to the West India Company, to inform their High Mightinesses of the right of the matter, &a 82 June 21. Resolutions of the States-General, making a further change in the committee on the differences between

the West India Company and the Patroons, <S;o., 83 June Letter of Messrs. Pauw, S. Blommaert, Kiliaen van Rensselaer and Henrick Hamel, Patroons of New Netherland, to the States-General, setting forth their causes of complaint against the West India Company, together with their pretension and claim against the Company 83 June 22. Answer of the West India Company to the pretension and claim of the Patroons of New Netherland,. 89 June 22. Replication of Messrs. Pauw, <tc., Patroons of New Netherland, to the answer of the West India Company, 89 June 24. Resolution of the States-General, postponing a decision on the differences between the West India Company and the Patroons, <fcc., for twelve days, in order to enable the parties to come to an amicable settlement, ifec 91 July 18.

Answer of the West India Company to the pretension and claim of the Patroons of New Netherland,. 89 June 22. Replication of Messrs. Pauw, <tc., Patroons of New Netherland, to the answer of the West India Company, 89 June 24. Resolution of the States-General, postponing a decision on the differences between the West India Company and the Patroons, <fcc., for twelve days, in order to enable the parties to come to an amicable settlement, ifec 91 July 18. Extracts from the Pointen van Beschryving, for the meeting of the West India Company on 3l8t July, . . 91 October 24. Memorial of the XIX. of the West India Company to the States-General, in relation to a subsidy, and to the question of the dilBcultiea with the English in New Netherland, 91 October same for consideration, 24. Resolution of the States-General thereupon, referring the 93 October 26. Memorial of the XIX. of the West India Company to the States-General, upon the subject of the difficulties with the English in New Netherland, and containing a deduction of their rights and title thereto, from first discovery, purchase, &a., 93 October 25. Resolution of the States-General upon the report of the committee appointed to consider the difficulties that have arisen between the English and the West India Company in New Netherland 95 Draft of a new project of Freedoms, Privileges and Exemptions, to be granted by the States-General to all such Dutch subjects as may be thought qualified to become Patrooas, Ac, in New Netherland, under the West India Company, ifec. 96 1636. May 24. Extract from the Pointen van Beschryving, for the meeting of the West India Company on June 1,

Resolution of the States-General upon the report of the committee appointed to consider the difficulties that have arisen between the English and the West India Company in New Netherland 95 Draft of a new project of Freedoms, Privileges and Exemptions, to be granted by the States-General to all such Dutch subjects as may be thought qualified to become Patrooas, Ac, in New Netherland, under the West India Company, ifec. 96 1636. May 24. Extract from the Pointen van Beschryving, for the meeting of the West India Company on June 1,

1636 100 August 30. Resolution of the States-General, referring the memorial of Lubbertus van Dinolagen, Fiscael and Schout in New Netherland, to the Amsterdam Chamber of the West India Company, Ac 100 August 30. Letter of the States-General to the Directors of the Amsterdam Chamber thereupon, , 101 October 6. Resolution of the States-General, referring the further memorial of Lubbertus van Dioelagen to the Amsterdam Chamber of the West India Company, and that they make answer in fourteen days, 101 October 6. Letter of the States-General to the Directors of the Amsterdam Chamber thereupon, 101 October 20. Resolution of the States-General to place the answer received from the West India Company in the hands of Mr. van Dinclagen 102 November 26. Extract from the Pointen van Beschryving, for the meeting of the West India Company on 8th December, 102 lesY. April 3. Letter of Mr. van Beveren, Ambassador at London, to the States-General concerning the French fisheries at Terra Nova, Ac 103 April 30. Resolution of the States-General upon the further memorial of Lubbert van Dinclagen to write seriously to the XIX. of the West India Company, Ac, Ac 103 April 30. Letter of the States-General to the XIX. of the West India Company about Dinclagen's affairs, Ac.,. . . 103 September 2.

Extract from the Pointen van Beschryving, for the meeting of the West India Company on 8th December, 102 lesY. April 3. Letter of Mr. van Beveren, Ambassador at London, to the States-General concerning the French fisheries at Terra Nova, Ac 103 April 30. Resolution of the States-General upon the further memorial of Lubbert van Dinclagen to write seriously to the XIX. of the West India Company, Ac, Ac 103 April 30. Letter of the States-General to the XIX. of the West India Company about Dinclagen's affairs, Ac.,. . . 103 September 2. Resolution of the States-General approving of the appointment of William Kieft as Director in New Netherland, in place of Wouter van Twyler, 104 1638. January 19. Extract from the Pointen van Beschryving, for the meeting of the West India Company on 25th January, 1638, 105

M CONTENTS. 1638. April

April

April

CONTENTS. Ivii

1643. Page. February 2. Extract from the Pointen, <te., for the meeting of the West India Company, on February 21, 135 June 19. Extract from the /"oin^en, &c., for the meeting of the West India Company, July II, 136 July 28. Resolution of the States-General upon the further memorial of Lubbert van Dinolagen, formerly Fiscael in New Netherland, 186 August 20. Letter of the States-General to the meeting of the XIX. of the West India Company, about the complaints of the English concerning New England, &c., 137 November Y. Resolution of the States General, upon the report of the Deputies of their High Mightinesses to the meeting of the XIX. of the West India Company, in September 137 November 24. Resolution of the States-General, making a change in the committee upon Dinclagen's affairs, 138 December 2. Extract from the Posn^cK, Ac, for the meeting of the West India Company, on December 12 138 December 11.

Letter of the States-General to the meeting of the XIX. of the West India Company, about the complaints of the English concerning New England, &c., 137 November Y. Resolution of the States General, upon the report of the Deputies of their High Mightinesses to the meeting of the XIX. of the West India Company, in September 137 November 24. Resolution of the States-General, making a change in the committee upon Dinclagen's affairs, 138 December 2. Extract from the Posn^cK, Ac, for the meeting of the West India Company, on December 12 138 December 11. Resolution of the States-General upon the report of the committee charged to examine the matters in difference between Lubbert van Dinclagen and the West India Company, 138 December 16. Resolution of the States-General, referring the further memorial of Lubbert van Dinclagen to the Deputies to the next meeting of the XIX., ifee 139 November 3. Memorial of the Eight Men in New Netherland, to the States-General, respecting the troubles there, dated at Manhattan 139 1644. April 5. Resolution of the States-General to send a copy of the foregoing memorial to the XIX. of the West India Company, that they may take prompt order thereupon, 140 April 23. Letter of the West India Company to the States-General, upon the subject of the memorial from New Netherland 141 April 27. Resolution of the States-General to send copies of the above letter of tlie West India Company, <tc., to the different Provinces, Ac, <fco., 142 October 1. Report to the States-General by the Deputies who attended the meeting of the West India Company ia April 142 October 8. Letter of Mr. Spieringh, the Swedish Minister, to the States-General, complaining of the exaction of duties on a ship coming from New Sweden 143 October 15. Resolution of the States-General upon a further memorial of the Swedish Minister, 143 October 20.

Resolution of the States-General to send copies of the above letter of tlie West India Company, <tc., to the different Provinces, Ac, <fco., 142 October 1. Report to the States-General by the Deputies who attended the meeting of the West India Company ia April 142 October 8. Letter of Mr. Spieringh, the Swedish Minister, to the States-General, complaining of the exaction of duties on a ship coming from New Sweden 143 October 15. Resolution of the States-General upon a further memorial of the Swedish Minister, 143 October 20. Resolution of the States-General, referring a letter of Cornells Melyn, Patroon of Staten Island, <tc., to the Deputies to the XIX., with instructions, <tc., (fee, 144 October 22. Resolution of the States-General, recommending their Deputies to the meeting of the X.X. of the West

India Company to inform themselves about the situation of affairs in New Netherland, ifec 144. October 29. Memorial of Mr. Spieringh, the Swedish Minister, to the States-General, concerning the imposition of duties, (fee, on ships coming from New Sweden, &e 146 December 28. Extract from the report of their High Mightinesses' Deputies to the meeting of the XIX. of the West India Company, in October 148 December 15. E.Ytraet from the minutes of the XIX. of the West India Company, concerning New Netherland affairs, the recall of Director Kieft, ifec., &c 148 December l.'i. Report upon the affairs of New Netherland, presented to the West India Company by the General Board of Accounts, 149 1645. April 21. Letter of the States-General to the XIX. of the West India Company, about the complaint of the Swedish Minister concerning the detention of the ships Calmersleutel and Fama, coming from New Sweden, &a., 166 July 12. Report to the States-General, by their Deputies to the XIX., of the principal matters that have occurred in that Assembly since March, 1645 1S7 July 12.

Report upon the affairs of New Netherland, presented to the West India Company by the General Board of Accounts, 149 1645. April 21. Letter of the States-General to the XIX. of the West India Company, about the complaint of the Swedish Minister concerning the detention of the ships Calmersleutel and Fama, coming from New Sweden, &a., 166 July 12. Report to the States-General, by their Deputies to the XIX., of the principal matters that have occurred in that Assembly since March, 1645 1S7 July 12. Considerations offered by the General Board of Accounts of the West India Company to the XIX., in regard to the number of ships, Ac, to be employed by the Company, <fee 158 July 31. Memorial of Mr. Speiringh, the Swedish Minister, to the States-General, about the arrest of the ships CahnersleiUel and Fama 169 July 6. Statement of the cargo, <fee., of the ships Calmersleuld and Fama 169 July 1. Instructions from the XIX. of the West India Company, for the Director and Council of New Netherland, 160 August 15. Extract from the Pointen, <tc, for the meeting of the West India Company on 2d September, 1645, 163 October 16. Extract from the proceedings of the meeting of the XIX. at MiJdIeburg, from the 9lh of September to the 16th October, 1645 163

.

Iviii CONTENTS.

1646. Pagk.

May 26. Letter of the Amsterdam Chamber of the "West InJia Company to the States-General, about a ship confiscated in New Netherland by the Director and Council there 173

Extract from the Pointen, <tc, for the meeting of the West India Company on 2d September, 1645, 163 October 16. Extract from the proceedings of the meeting of the XIX. at MiJdIeburg, from the 9lh of September to the 16th October, 1645 163

.

Iviii CONTENTS.

1646. Pagk.

May 26. Letter of the Amsterdam Chamber of the "West InJia Company to the States-General, about a ship confiscated in New Netherland by the Director and Council there 173

July 13. Letter of the West India Company to the Stales-General, asking their High Mightinesses to ratify the commission for Mr. Peter Stuyvesant, as Director in New Netherland 176 July 13. Resolution of the States-General thereupon, that before taking any action they must be informed what disposition the Company has made of the complaints from New Netherland, Ac., &c 175

July 24. Letter of the West India Company to the States-General, again asking that Mr. StuyTcsant's commission may be expedited 175 July 24. Resolution of the States-General, further postponing a decision thereupon, 176 July 26. Letter of the West India Company, again praying that Mr. Stuyvesant'a commission be expedited, &e., 176 July 26. Resolution of the States-General, that the West India Company send to their High Mightinesses an authentic copy of Mr. Stuyvesant's instructions 1T7 July 28. Resolution of the States-General, ratifying and approving Mr. Stuyvesant's commission, <fec., 177 July 28. Minute of the appearance of Peter Stuyvesant, Director of New Netherland, <fec., before the States-

General, and of his taking the oath, etc., &c., 177 July 28. Commission of Mr. Peter Stuyvesant as Director-General of New Netherland, ic, Ac 178 July 28. Minute of the appearance before the States-General of Lubbertus van Dinclagen, Deputy and First Councillor to the Director in New Netherland, and of his taking the oath, &c. 179 Jiily 28.

Stuyvesant's commission, <fec., 177 July 28. Minute of the appearance of Peter Stuyvesant, Director of New Netherland, <fec., before the States-

General, and of his taking the oath, etc., &c., 177 July 28. Commission of Mr. Peter Stuyvesant as Director-General of New Netherland, ic, Ac 178 July 28. Minute of the appearance before the States-General of Lubbertus van Dinclagen, Deputy and First Councillor to the Director in New Netherland, and of his taking the oath, &c. 179 Jiily 28. Record of the oath of Lubbertus van Dinclagen before their High Mightinesses, &c., 179 164V. Short account of New.Netherland, from the year 1641 to the year 1646, 179 1648. January 7. Resolution of the States-General, referring a letter of Peter Stuyvesant to their High Mightinesses, dated October 6, 1647, to their Committee on the affairs of the West India Company, <tc 188 January 11. Resolution of the States-General, referring the memorial of Jochem Pietersen Cuyter and Cornelia Melyn, with the appendices, to their Committee on the affairs of the West India Company, ifec 188 Papers concerning the situation of affairs in New Netherland, and the proceedings against Cornelis Melyn and his adherents, marked letter A. to letter R., viz : 188 1644. June 21. Excise Laws of New Netherland, 1644, 188 1643. October 24. Letter of the Ei^ht Men at the Manhattans to the Assembly of the XIX., 1 90

Resolution adopted by the commonalty of the Manhattans, 191 Certificate of the election of the aforesaid Eight Men, 192 Petition of Maryn Adriaensen and others, for leave to attack the Indians, 193 February 25. Commission to Maryn Adriaensen to attack the Indians at Corlaers Hook 194 March 27; 28. Sundry depositions respecting conversations with Director Kieft^ , Interrogatories to be proposed to Fiscal Hendrick van Dy ck, 195 Interrogatories to be proposed to Dr.

Letter of the Ei^ht Men at the Manhattans to the Assembly of the XIX., 1 90

Resolution adopted by the commonalty of the Manhattans, 191 Certificate of the election of the aforesaid Eight Men, 192 Petition of Maryn Adriaensen and others, for leave to attack the Indians, 193 February 25. Commission to Maryn Adriaensen to attack the Indians at Corlaers Hook 194 March 27; 28. Sundry depositions respecting conversations with Director Kieft^ , Interrogatories to be proposed to Fiscal Hendrick van Dy ck, 195 Interrogatories to be proposed to Dr. Johannes de la Montaigne 197 Interrogatories to be proposed to Cornelis van Tienhoven, 198 Interrogatories to be proposed to the Reverend Everardus Bogardus 200 1642. January 21. Petition of the Twelve Men at the Manhattans, and answer thereto 201 February 8. Order dissolving the Board of Twelve Men 203 1647. June 8. Letter of William Kieft to Director Stuyvesant, complaining of Joehem P. Cuyter and Cornelis Melyn, 203 June 22. Letter of Jochem P. Cuyter and Cornelis Melyn to Director Stuyvesant, in answer to Kieft's charge,. 205 1644. Otober 28. Letter of the Eight Men of the Manhattans to the Amsterdam Chamber of the West India Company, describing the sad condition of New Netherland and complaining of Director Kieft 209 1647. July 25. Judgment of Director Stuyvesant, banishing Jochem Pietersen Cuyter from New Netherland, 213 1648. January 18. Resolution of the States-General upon the proposition to throw open the trade to New Netherland, <fec., 214 January 20. Resolution of the States-General that the inhabitants of New Netherland may ship their produce to Brazil, Angola, ic, 215

Letter of the Eight Men of the Manhattans to the Amsterdam Chamber of the West India Company, describing the sad condition of New Netherland and complaining of Director Kieft 209 1647. July 25. Judgment of Director Stuyvesant, banishing Jochem Pietersen Cuyter from New Netherland, 213 1648. January 18. Resolution of the States-General upon the proposition to throw open the trade to New Netherland, <fec., 214 January 20. Resolution of the States-General that the inhabitants of New Netherland may ship their produce to Brazil, Angola, ic, 215

CONTENTS. lix

1648.

CONTENTS. 1649. Paoe. November 5. Further resolution of the States-General in the above case 320 November 13. Resolution of the States-General, referring to the XIX. of the West India Company the further memorial of the guardians of John van Rensselaer, &c., &c., 320 10. Letter of Peter Stuyvesant to the States-General, in answer to their High Mightinesses' letter of April 28, 1648, concerning the case of Melyn, &a 321 Novenibe 26. Resolution of the States-General, refening the foregoing letter, 32-4

Decembei 2. Resolution of the States-General, upon a petition of Cornells van Tienhoven, Secretary of New Netherland, as attorney for the Director and Council there, respecting an appeal (Melyn's) 324 13. Resolution of the States-General, referring a further petition of the guardians of Van Rensselaer, <tc.,. . 325 Answer of Cornells vai Tienhoven, Secretary of New Netherland, &c., to'the appeal of Cornells Melyn from the sentence of the Director and Council there, Ac, <fec., 325 December 13. Resolution of the States-General, referring the above memorial, Ac, 326 December 13. Memorial to the States-General, of Joost Teunissen, of New Netherland, baker, complaining of the conduct of Director Stuyvesant, (« ith) 326 July 26. Pelitlonof Joo^t, T uni sen to Peter Stuyvesant, Director of New Netherland, Ac 326 December 13. Memorial to the States-General, of Sibout Claessen, of New Netherland, house carpenter, complaining of Stuy vesant's conduct, (fee, 328 December 13.

Resolution of the States-General, referring a further petition of the guardians of Van Rensselaer, <tc.,. . 325 Answer of Cornells vai Tienhoven, Secretary of New Netherland, &c., to'the appeal of Cornells Melyn from the sentence of the Director and Council there, Ac, <fec., 325 December 13. Resolution of the States-General, referring the above memorial, Ac, 326 December 13. Memorial to the States-General, of Joost Teunissen, of New Netherland, baker, complaining of the conduct of Director Stuyvesant, (« ith) 326 July 26. Pelitlonof Joo^t, T uni sen to Peter Stuyvesant, Director of New Netherland, Ac 326 December 13. Memorial to the States-General, of Sibout Claessen, of New Netherland, house carpenter, complaining of Stuy vesant's conduct, (fee, 328 December 13. Resolution of the States-General, referring the above memorials (with another from Augustin Herman) to their High Mightinesses' committee, to examine the same and report thereon 330 December 16. Resolution of the States-General, referring two bags of papers, in the case of Blommaert and De Laet, against Wi' ly and Van Twiller, guardians of Van Rensselaer, to the Provincial Court of Hulland, i c, to prouo 1 1 ce sentence, <fec 330 Jilemorandum of things necessary to be done for New Netherland, 331 Abstract, by the West India Company, of the Remonstrance from New Netherland 331 1650. January 27. A short digest of the excessive and very prejudicial neglect that New Netherland has experienced since it has been under the Directors of the West India Company, <fec 332 Jamiaiy 31. Answer of the West India Company to the several points contained in the Abstract of the Remonstrance from New Netherland. ( Note. -- The original of this document is in the handwriting of Cornells van Tienhoven ), 338 1. Petition of the Delegates from New Netherland to the States-General, praying dispatch in the redress of their grievances, Ac, 346 February 1.

A short digest of the excessive and very prejudicial neglect that New Netherland has experienced since it has been under the Directors of the West India Company, <fec 332 Jamiaiy 31. Answer of the West India Company to the several points contained in the Abstract of the Remonstrance from New Netherland. ( Note. -- The original of this document is in the handwriting of Cornells van Tienhoven ), 338 1. Petition of the Delegates from New Netherland to the States-General, praying dispatch in the redress of their grievances, Ac, 346 February 1. Resolution of the States-General, referring the foregoing petition, Ac 34Y 8. Memorial of Cornells Melyn, Patroon on Staten Island, to the States-General, complaining of Director Stuyvesant's irreverent neglect of their High Mightinesses' mandamus, Ac, with the following papers: 348 July 25. Sentence pronounced by Director Stuyvesant on Cornells Milyn 349

6. Authority to serve the mandamus on Director Stuyvesant, Ac, 351 May 19. Letter of the Prince of Orange to Director Stuyvesant, admonishing him not to molest J. P. Cuyter and Melyn Cornells 351 May 22. Receipt from the Amsterdam Chamber of the West India Company, of a sealed letter from the States-

General 352 1649. January 2. Cornells van Tienhoven's certificate that Mr. Melyn had delivered to Director Stuyvesant certain letters from the States-General and the Prince of Orange, 352 8. Certificate of the service of the States-General mandamus on Director Stuyvesant in the church, in presence of the commonalty 352 July 29. Cornells Melyn's " disrespectful protest" handed to Mde Stuyvesant, 353 August 1. Director Stuyvesant's answer to Cornells Melyn's disrespectful protest, 354 March 16. Return of service made of their High Mightinesses' mandamus on Vice-Director Lubbert van Dinclage, and his answer, 355 March 16. Return of service of the mandamus on the members of the Council and others, and their answers, 355 March 16.

Certificate of the service of the States-General mandamus on Director Stuyvesant in the church, in presence of the commonalty 352 July 29. Cornells Melyn's " disrespectful protest" handed to Mde Stuyvesant, 353 August 1. Director Stuyvesant's answer to Cornells Melyn's disrespectful protest, 354 March 16. Return of service made of their High Mightinesses' mandamus on Vice-Director Lubbert van Dinclage, and his answer, 355 March 16. Return of service of the mandamus on the members of the Council and others, and their answers, 355 March 16. Return of service of the mandamus on Fiscal van Dyck, and his answer, 356 March 23. Return of service of the mandamus on Secretary van Tienhoven, and his answer 357 23. Return of service of the mandamus on Jan Jansen Damen, and his i

CONTENTS. Page. August 10. Declaratioa of Vice-Director van Dincklage and Mr. La Montagne, of Director Stujvesant'a hostility to Mr. Melyn's son-in-law 358 December 10. Declaration of William Hendricksen, that he distilled brandy on Staten Island 358 1650. February 8.

February 22.

March 3.

March 4.

March 7.

March 12.

March

J^l CONTENTS.

1650. Pace.

April 11. Resolution of the States-General upon the proposed provisional articles, <tc., 396 April 11. Resolulion of the States-General, authorizing the sending, <tc., of arms and ammunition to Kew Netherland, to be distributed under the direction of the government there 397 April 12. Memorial of the Delegates from New Netherland to the States-General respecting the hostilities carried OQ by the Spaniards, notwithstanding the peace, (with) 397 April 12. Deposition of Wilhelm Noble, respecting the Spaniards, &.C., <fec., 398 April 12. Resolution of the States-General to write to Director Stuyvesant to publish the treaty of peace (of Westphalia) in New Neflierland, <tc 399 April 1 2. Letter of the States-General to Director Stuyvesant thereupon, 399 April 14. Resolution of the States-General, referring the draft of the provisional order for the government, &c., of New Netherland, to their committee, itc, &c 400 May 13.

Memorial of the Delegates from New Netherland to the States-General respecting the hostilities carried OQ by the Spaniards, notwithstanding the peace, (with) 397 April 12. Deposition of Wilhelm Noble, respecting the Spaniards, &.C., <fec., 398 April 12. Resolution of the States-General to write to Director Stuyvesant to publish the treaty of peace (of Westphalia) in New Neflierland, <tc 399 April 1 2. Letter of the States-General to Director Stuyvesant thereupon, 399 April 14. Resolution of the States-General, referring the draft of the provisional order for the government, &c., of New Netherland, to their committee, itc, &c 400 May 13. Extract of the Points, upon which the committee of the States-General were charged to report, 400 May 24. Draft of Freedoms and Exemptions, proposed by the West India Company for the approval of the committee of the States-General, 401 June 8. Resolution of the States-General, upon the receipt of a letter from the Provincial Court of Holland, <tc., in the case of Blommaert et al. vs. the guardians of Van Rensselaer 406 June 14. Resolution of the States-General, approving, &c., the sentence (which is inserted at length) of the Court of Holland, in the case of Samuel Blommaert et al. vs. Wouter van Twiller et al., executors of the late Kiliaen van Rensselaer, 406 June 30. Resolution of the States-General to grant to Cornells Melyn a passport, or safe conduct, for his return to New Netherland, &c., 407 June 30. Letter of protection of the States-General in favor of Cornelis Melyn, who is about to return to New Netherland 408 July 1. Resolution of the States-General, approving the draft of the foregoing, 409 July 21. Resolution of the States-General, instructing their committee upon the affairs of the West India Company to examine Cornelis van Tienhoven, now at the Hague, upon certain points respecting matters in New Netherland, &e., 409 July 21.

Resolution of the States-General to grant to Cornells Melyn a passport, or safe conduct, for his return to New Netherland, &c., 407 June 30. Letter of protection of the States-General in favor of Cornelis Melyn, who is about to return to New Netherland 408 July 1. Resolution of the States-General, approving the draft of the foregoing, 409 July 21. Resolution of the States-General, instructing their committee upon the affairs of the West India Company to examine Cornelis van Tienhoven, now at the Hague, upon certain points respecting matters in New Netherland, &e., 409 July 21. Interrogatories upon which the committee of the States-General is to examine Secretary Cornelis van Tienhoven 409 July 20. Extracts from the papers of Director Kieft, viz : 414 1641. August 29. Proposals of Director Kieft to the commonalty, and the election, in consequence, of the Twelve Men,. . 414 1642. January 21. Resolution of the Twelve Men, on a proposed expedition against the Indians, 415 1643. February 25. Commission to Maryn Adriaensen to attaet the Indians at Corlaer's Hook, 416 February 27. Petition of the inhabitants of Long Island for leave to attack the Indians, with the answer thereto, ... 416 1650. August 9. Report of the Committee of the States-General on Mely n's papers 417 August 9. Resolution of the States-General upon the foregoing report, <tc 418 August 17. Letter of Director Stuyvesant to the States-General 418 October 15. Resolution of the States-General thereupon, 420 September 1 3. Letter of the Selectmen of New Amsterdam to the States-General 420 November 18. Resolution of the States-General, referring the foregoing letter, and one from Adriaen van der Donck, to their committee, <to., 421 November 29. Secretary van Tienhoven's answer to the Remonstrance from New Netherland 422 Extract of the observations by the committee of the Stockholders of the West India Company, respecting the affairs in New Netherland, &c., 432

Resolution of the States-General thereupon, 420 September 1 3. Letter of the Selectmen of New Amsterdam to the States-General 420 November 18. Resolution of the States-General, referring the foregoing letter, and one from Adriaen van der Donck, to their committee, <to., 421 November 29. Secretary van Tienhoven's answer to the Remonstrance from New Netherland 422 Extract of the observations by the committee of the Stockholders of the West India Company, respecting the affairs in New Netherland, &c., 432

January 14. Resolution of the States-General, referring a memorial of Adriaen van der Donck, Delegate from New Netherland 433 January 14. Resolution of the States-General, ordering their proceedings about the East and West India Companies to be continued to be kept in separate registers 433 February 7. Order of the Committee of the States-General, that Cornelis van Tienhoven do answer the interrogatories touching the origin of the war with the Indians, 433 March 14. Resolution of the States-General to write to the Amsterdam Chamber of the West India Company to send Jan Claessen Damen and Cornelis van Tienhoven to the Hague, &c 434

CONTENTS. Ixili

1651. Page. March 14. Letter of the States-General to the West India Company thereupon 434 March 21. Resolution of the Stales-General, referring the answer of the West India Company, 436 April 21. Resolution of the States-General to write to the West India Company not to allow Secretary Tan Tienhoven to return to New Nctherland, and also that they instruct the captain of the ship Waterhont, not to receive him on board, 435 April 21. Letter of the States-General to the West India Company thereupon 435 August 19. Memorial to the States-General from certain inhabitants and merchants of Holland, trading to Virginia, Ac, complaining of the conduct of the English, Ac, 436 November 23. Secret resolution of the States-General, recoinnjending the subject of the trade to Virginia, Ac, to the serious consideration of their Ambassadors to England, Ac, 437 1652.

Resolution of the States-General to write to the West India Company not to allow Secretary Tan Tienhoven to return to New Nctherland, and also that they instruct the captain of the ship Waterhont, not to receive him on board, 435 April 21. Letter of the States-General to the West India Company thereupon 435 August 19. Memorial to the States-General from certain inhabitants and merchants of Holland, trading to Virginia, Ac, complaining of the conduct of the English, Ac, 436 November 23. Secret resolution of the States-General, recoinnjending the subject of the trade to Virginia, Ac, to the serious consideration of their Ambassadors to England, Ac, 437 1652. February 10. Memorial of Adriaen van der Donck, Delegate from New Netherland, to the States-General, respecting affairs in that country 438 1650. December 22. Letter to the States-General from the Selectmen in New Nctherland 44I December 22. Declaration of Vice-Director van Dinclagen and Fiscal van Dyck, before a notary at Manhattan, respecting the conduct of Director Stuyvesant, 441 1652. February 10. Resolution of the States-General, referring the foregoing documents 442 February 16, Report of the committee of the States-General, to which was referred the memorial, Ac, presented by Adriaea van der Donck, on the 10th instant, and the resolution of their High Mightinesses thereon 443 February 16. Extracts and copies of letters, journals, Ac, from New Nctherland, viz: 1650. August 1*7. Extract of a letter from the Selectmen to Adriaen van der Donck-- condition of things at the Manhattans 444 September 10. Extract of two letters from Augustin Herman --Stuyvesant does as he pleases, 444 September 13. Extract of a letter from Jacob van Couwenhoven and Dierck van Schelluyne --Selectmen misrepresented, 445 September 8. Extract of a letter from Vice-Director Dincklage -- law is violated 445 September 13. Extract of a letter from the Selectmen, complaining of all redress being postponed, 445 July 4.

Extract of a letter from the Selectmen to Adriaen van der Donck-- condition of things at the Manhattans 444 September 10. Extract of two letters from Augustin Herman --Stuyvesant does as he pleases, 444 September 13. Extract of a letter from Jacob van Couwenhoven and Dierck van Schelluyne --Selectmen misrepresented, 445 September 8. Extract of a letter from Vice-Director Dincklage -- law is violated 445 September 13. Extract of a letter from the Selectmen, complaining of all redress being postponed, 445 July 4. Extract of the journal kept by order of the commonalty --Stuyvesant appropriates to himself the pew in the church belonging to the Selectmen 445 -- September 12. Extract of a letter from Vice-Director Dincklage abuses as notorious as the sun at noonday, 446 -- September 6. Extract of a letter from the Selectmen reliance still placed on their High Mightinesses' promises 446 Extract of a memoir sent by Vice-Director van Dincklage --Stuyvesant violates his promises 446 October 6. Extract of a letter from Jacob van Couwenhoven and Dirck van Schelluyne-- condition of the country worse and worse --Stuyvesant gone to New England, 446 September 13. Letter of the Selectmen of New Amsterdam to the States-General, again applying for redress of the public grievances, 447 Letter of the Selectmen of New Amsterdam to the committee of the States-General, to the like effect, 448 August 29. Protest of the Selectmen of New Amsterdam against the Director and Council, for refusing to recognize them and for having deprived them of their pew in the church, 448 -- November 30. Extract from the journal of the Selectmen guns sold to the Indians of Cannarse (L. I.), 449 -- -- December 22. Extract of a letter from the Selectmen arrival of Melyn vindicate their conduct 449 November 3. Extract of a declaration of Vice-Director van Dincklage as to what the Fiscal told him, 449 -- November 3.

Protest of the Selectmen of New Amsterdam against the Director and Council, for refusing to recognize them and for having deprived them of their pew in the church, 448 -- November 30. Extract from the journal of the Selectmen guns sold to the Indians of Cannarse (L. I.), 449 -- -- December 22. Extract of a letter from the Selectmen arrival of Melyn vindicate their conduct 449 November 3. Extract of a declaration of Vice-Director van Dincklage as to what the Fiscal told him, 449 -- November 3. Extract of a declaration of Jochem Pieters Cuyter the Chamber of Amsterdam will uphold the Director, even unto blood, 450 December 22. Extract of a letter from the Selectmen -- are nothing but ciphers -- ignored by Stuyvesant, whom the Vice-Director and Fiscal protest against, 450 November 26. Extract of a letter from the Selectmen -- of Stuyvesant to Hartford-- urge Van der Donck to visit renewed exertion --Swedes on the South river unresisted--Stuyvesant instructed not to heed any passport from their High Mightinesses 450 1651. September 12. Extract of a letter from the Selectmen --they are dismissed from and menaced with prosecution, office 452 October 18. Extract of a letter from Notary van Schelluyne -- dare not prepare any more writings -- living like sheep among wolves , 452

Ixiv CONTENTS. 1651. September 19. September 20.

October II.

February 28.

September 17. 1652. February 16.

February

CONTENTS. Ixv 1662, p^OE. May 24. Resolution of the States-General thereupon 473 May 24. Letter of the States-General to the different Chambers of the West India Company upon the foregoing matter 4Y8 May 28. Letter of the Amsterdam Chamber of the West India Company, to the States-General, respecting their High Migtinesses' resolution of 16th May, revoking Stuyvefaat's ree.ijl, &c 479 May 28. Resolution of the States-General thereupon 4»jg June 20.

September 17. 1652. February 16.

February

CONTENTS. Ixv 1662, p^OE. May 24. Resolution of the States-General thereupon 473 May 24. Letter of the States-General to the different Chambers of the West India Company upon the foregoing matter 4Y8 May 28. Letter of the Amsterdam Chamber of the West India Company, to the States-General, respecting their High Migtinesses' resolution of 16th May, revoking Stuyvefaat's ree.ijl, &c 479 May 28. Resolution of the States-General thereupon 4»jg June 20. Minute of the receipt of a letter from A. V. de Jonge, Accountant-General of the West India Company, in place of Samuel Blommaert, lately deceased, &e., 4g0 June 22. Resolution of the States-General, referring a letter from the Amsterdam Chamber of the West India Company in answer to their High Mightinesses' letter of 24th May, to a committee, &c . June 24. Letter of the Dordtrecht Chamber of the West India Company to the States-General, in answer to theirs of 24th May 4gO June 24. Resolution of the States-General thereupon 481 July 17. Secret resolution of the States-General on the commencement of the war with England, 481 July 17. Secret resolution of the States-General to send a frigate toNew Netherland, &c., 482 July 22. Secret resolution of the States-General ou the subject of the preservation of New Netherland, &c., 482 July 22. Secret resolution of the States-General to write to Director Stuyvesant, that in the present situation of affairs between England and the United Provinces, he keep a careful watch, and that no person be employed, of whose devotion to the State he is not assured, &c., <fec . 482 July 22. Letter of the States-General to Stuyvesant thereupon, 4g3 July 31. Secret memoir of the Directors of the West India Company to the committee of the States-General, respecting the preservation of Brazil and New Netherland, <tc 483 July 31.

Secret resolution of the States-General to write to Director Stuyvesant, that in the present situation of affairs between England and the United Provinces, he keep a careful watch, and that no person be employed, of whose devotion to the State he is not assured, &c., <fec . 482 July 22. Letter of the States-General to Stuyvesant thereupon, 4g3 July 31. Secret memoir of the Directors of the West India Company to the committee of the States-General, respecting the preservation of Brazil and New Netherland, <tc 483 July 31. Secret resolution of the States-General upon the report of their committee, (fee, (fee 484 August 6. Memorial of Adriaen van der Donck to the States-General, asking for speedy action on his memorial already presented, ifec • 435 August 5. Resolution of the States-General, referring the foregoing memorial to their committee, <fec 486 August 7. Proposals of the Dutch for Free Trade and for the settlement of the boundary of New Netherland, with the answer of the English Council of State thereto 4gg August 13. Resolution of the States-General, referring back to their committee the memorial of the West India Company, of July 31st, respecting the preservation, Ac, of Brazil and New Netherland 487 September 3. Resolution of the States-General on the projected Invasion of New Netherland, Ac, 487 September 3. Letter of the States-General to the Amstesdam Chamber, thereupon 488 September 18. Defence of Hendrick van Dyck, Fiscal in New Netherland, (with) 489 September 18. Letter of Hendrick van Dyck to the States-General, 49I 1646. July 28. Certificate that Director Stuyvesant hath taken the oath of office 4 92 July 10. Commission of Fetrus Stuyvesant as Director of Curasao, 492 1645. May fi. Commission of Fetrus Stuyvesant as Director of New Netherland, 492 May 5. Commission of Lubbertus van Dinolage, as Vice-Director of New Netherland 493 June 23.

Defence of Hendrick van Dyck, Fiscal in New Netherland, (with) 489 September 18. Letter of Hendrick van Dyck to the States-General, 49I 1646. July 28. Certificate that Director Stuyvesant hath taken the oath of office 4 92 July 10. Commission of Fetrus Stuyvesant as Director of Curasao, 492 1645. May fi. Commission of Fetrus Stuyvesant as Director of New Netherland, 492 May 5. Commission of Lubbertus van Dinolage, as Vice-Director of New Netherland 493 June 23. Commission of Hendricks van Dyck, as Fiscal of New Netherland , 494 1652. September 16. Instructions to the Director and Council of New Netherland, dated 7th July, 1645, with Van Dyck's comment on each article, 495 Letter of the States-General to the Director and Council of New Netherland, dated 1st April, 1650, with Van Dyck's commentary, showing how it was not obeyed 502 Instructions to Hendrick van Dyck, as Fiscal of New Netherland, with his observation on each article, 604 March 28. Lampoon on Director Stuyvesant, with explanations 510 March 28. Extract from the Resolutions of the Council and Selectmen of New Netherland, dismissing Van Dyke from office, with the comments of the latter, 510 March 28. Extract of another Resolution, with Van Dyck's comments 511 September 16. Letter of the Amsterdam Chamber of the West India Company to Fiscal Van Dyck, dated 9th April, 1652, with the latter's answer 612 1651. December 6. Declaration of Elizabeth Jans, inn-keeper of Amsterdam, that Cornells van Tienhoven frequented her house with one Lysbert Jansen Croon 514

Extract from the Resolutions of the Council and Selectmen of New Netherland, dismissing Van Dyke from office, with the comments of the latter, 510 March 28. Extract of another Resolution, with Van Dyck's comments 511 September 16. Letter of the Amsterdam Chamber of the West India Company to Fiscal Van Dyck, dated 9th April, 1652, with the latter's answer 612 1651. December 6. Declaration of Elizabeth Jans, inn-keeper of Amsterdam, that Cornells van Tienhoven frequented her house with one Lysbert Jansen Croon 514

Ixvi CONTENTS. 1651. December 8.

December 8. December 11. 16J2. December 6. December 20.

December 28.

December 28. December 31.

January

January

, 1

CONTENTS. Ixvii

1651. Page. February 28. A description of the ancient boundaries of New Netberland, with suggestions of Director Stviyvesant as to what would be a proper boundary 542 Ifovember 6. Memorial respecting the limits and jurisdiction claimed by the West India Company, in virtue of their charter, in New Netherlaad 546 1650. November 26. Extract of a letter of Director Stuyvesant to the West India Company, giving an account of hia visit to Hartford 643 1653. November 8. Resolution of the States-General on the receipt of the foregoing papers, &« 549 December 30. Letter of Captain Ivregier and others, a committee on belialf of the people of the Manhattans and Long Island, to the Burgomasters of Amsterdam, (with) 649 December 11. Petition of the commonalty of New Netherland to Director Stuyvesant, 650 December 30. Short notes, in form of explanation of some points contained in the preceding petition of the colonies and villages of New Netherland, 553 1654. July 9. Letter from the Burgomasters of Amsterdam to Director Stuyvesant, notifying the intention to send some orphans to New Netherland, 556 September 11. Resolution of the States-General to desire the XIX. of the West India Company to send their High Mightinesses a condensed report on the boundary in New Netherland, Ac, 556 September 29.

Short notes, in form of explanation of some points contained in the preceding petition of the colonies and villages of New Netherland, 553 1654. July 9. Letter from the Burgomasters of Amsterdam to Director Stuyvesant, notifying the intention to send some orphans to New Netherland, 556 September 11. Resolution of the States-General to desire the XIX. of the West India Company to send their High Mightinesses a condensed report on the boundary in New Netherland, Ac, 556 September 29. Resolution of the States-General to send to their Ambassadors in England the memoir and other papers on the boundary question, furnished by the West India Company, &c 556 September 29. Letter of the States-General to their Ambassadors in England 557 October 9. Letter of Messrs. Beverningk and Nieupoort, Ambassadors in England, to the States-General 557 December 4. Resolution of the States of Holland, &e., respecting the boundary question in New Netherland 569 November 27. Letter of Messrs. Beverningk and Nieupoort, Ambassadors at London, to Mr. Ruysch, the Greffier of the States-General, in answer to their High Mightinesses' letter of 29th September last, respecting the boundary question in New Netherland, with ( ) 659 Memorandum prepared by the Ambassadors in London, respecting the,English and Dutch possessions in America, &c., 561 December 9. Resolution of the States-General upon the foregoing documents, 562 December 9. Letter of the States-General to the West India Company thereupon, 663 December 30. Letter of the West India Company to the States-General, in reply, (with) 563 December 30. Memoir on the English encroachments on New Netherland, 564 1641. October 10. Articles proposed to the West India Company by Rev. Hugh Peters, 663 October 10. Authority to Rev. Hugh Peters, signed by John Winthrop, Governor of Massachusetts, and John Haynes, Governor of Connecticut, 568 1655. January 2. Resolution of the States-General to send copies of the foregoing documents to Mr.

Letter of the West India Company to the States-General, in reply, (with) 563 December 30. Memoir on the English encroachments on New Netherland, 564 1641. October 10. Articles proposed to the West India Company by Rev. Hugh Peters, 663 October 10. Authority to Rev. Hugh Peters, signed by John Winthrop, Governor of Massachusetts, and John Haynes, Governor of Connecticut, 568 1655. January 2. Resolution of the States-General to send copies of the foregoing documents to Mr. Nieupoort, their Ambassador at London, Ac 568 January 2. Letter of the States-General to Ambassador Nieupoort thereupon 669 1654. December 28. Letter of the Zealand Chamber of the West India Company to the States-General 569 1655. January 4. Resolution of the States-General thereupon 570 January 14. Resolution of the States-General, referring a memorial presented on behalf of Van de Capelle, to a committee, &o. 67 April 3. Resolution of the States-General upon a further memorial of Van de Capelle 571 April 24. Resolution of the States-General to write to Stnyvesant, in favor of Charles Gabry, merchant of Amsterdam 571 April 24. Letter of the States-General to Director Stuyvesant thereupon, 572 May 1. Tariff of 1655 672 May 20. Letter of the Amsterdam Chamber of the West India Company to the States-General, respecting the boundary question in New Netherland, <Src 673 May 24. Resolution of the States-General thereupon, to write to Ambassador Nieupoort, at London, &c 574 May 24. Letter of the States-General to Ambassador Nieupoort thereupon, 674

Ixviii CONTENTS.

1656. Paoe- May 29. Letter of the Amsterdam Cliamber of the West India Company to the States-General, about the boundary question in New Nelherlaiid 574 May 31. Resolution of the States-General thereupon, to write to Ambassador Xieupoort, 575 May 31. Letter of the States-General to Ambassador Nieupoort thereupon 575 July 10. Resolution of the States-General, upon the memorial of the Spanish Ambassador asking for the arrest of a piratical vessel in the harbor of New Netherland, &e 676 July 28.

Letter of the Amsterdam Cliamber of the West India Company to the States-General, about the boundary question in New Nelherlaiid 574 May 31. Resolution of the States-General thereupon, to write to Ambassador Xieupoort, 575 May 31. Letter of the States-General to Ambassador Nieupoort thereupon 575 July 10. Resolution of the States-General, upon the memorial of the Spanish Ambassador asking for the arrest of a piratical vessel in the harbor of New Netherland, &e 676 July 28. Resolution of the States-General, referring to a committee a letter of the West India Company, dated at Amsterdam, July 26, together with some papers about New Netherland, &c., 576 December 11. Letter of Don Estevan de Gamarra y Contrevas, the Spanish Ambassador at the Hague, to the States-General, in reference to the arrest of Sebastian de Raefif, &c., alleged pirates, now in New Netherland, <fec 576 December 11. Resolution of the States-General, referring the above to their committee, <fec. 578 December 31. Letter of Ambassador Nieupoort to the States-General, stating that he has just heard that the Swedes had been driven out of New Netherland by the Dutch, &c 678 1656. January 6. Resolution of the States-General thereupon, to write to the^West India Company for information, 579 January 6. Letter of the States-General thereupon, 580 January 6. Letter of Don Estevan de Gamarra y Contrevas, the Spanish Ambassador, to the States-General, again referring to the case of Sebastian de Raeff, an alleged pirate, in New Netherland, and asking for letters, &c. , in favor of Juan Gallardo, &c. 680 January 6. Resolution of the States General thereupon, 581 January 10. Further resolution of the States-General upon the memorial of the Spanish Ambassador, 581 January 10. Letter of the States-General to Director Stuyvesant thereupon 581 January 7. Letter of Ambassador Nieupoort to the States-General, referring to the news about the Swedes in New Netherland, ifec 582 January 13.

Letter of Don Estevan de Gamarra y Contrevas, the Spanish Ambassador, to the States-General, again referring to the case of Sebastian de Raeff, an alleged pirate, in New Netherland, and asking for letters, &c. , in favor of Juan Gallardo, &c. 680 January 6. Resolution of the States General thereupon, 581 January 10. Further resolution of the States-General upon the memorial of the Spanish Ambassador, 581 January 10. Letter of the States-General to Director Stuyvesant thereupon 581 January 7. Letter of Ambassador Nieupoort to the States-General, referring to the news about the Swedes in New Netherland, ifec 582 January 13. Letter of the Amsterdam Chamber of the West India Company to the States-General, in answer to their letter of the 6th January, respecting the Swedes in New Netherland, &c 683 January 15. Resolution of the States-General thereupon 584 January 18. Further resolution of the States-General thereupon 584 January 18. Letter of the States-General to the West India Company respecting the Swedes, <tc 584 January 28. Report of the Amsterdam Chamber of the West India Company respecting the Swedes who have arrived from New Netherland, (with) 585 January 24. Letter of the West India Company to the States-General, (with) 687 January 24. Deduction, or a Clear and precise Aecount of the condition of tlie South river, in New Netherland, and of the unseemly conduct of the Swedes there, <tc 587 Extracts of letters from William Kieft, formerly Director in New Netherland, to the West India Company, 1638-1640 692 Deed of sale by the Indians of lands on the Schuylkill, <fec., signed at Fort Beversrede, on the South river, 693 1048. November 9. Extract of a letter from Adriaen van Tienhoven to Peter Stuyvesant, dated at Fort Beversrede 694 1051. July 16. Memorial of the inhabitants of Schuylkill to Director Stuyvesant 594 July 30.

Deduction, or a Clear and precise Aecount of the condition of tlie South river, in New Netherland, and of the unseemly conduct of the Swedes there, <tc 587 Extracts of letters from William Kieft, formerly Director in New Netherland, to the West India Company, 1638-1640 692 Deed of sale by the Indians of lands on the Schuylkill, <fec., signed at Fort Beversrede, on the South river, 693 1048. November 9. Extract of a letter from Adriaen van Tienhoven to Peter Stuyvesant, dated at Fort Beversrede 694 1051. July 16. Memorial of the inhabitants of Schuylkill to Director Stuyvesant 594 July 30. Declaration of Wappanghzewan, an Indian sachem, respecting Governor Printz' wishes to buy his lands . on South river, ifec, 696 July 9. Declaration of Mattehoorn and two other Indians, respecting the lands on the South river, itc., dated Furt Nassau 597 1055. July 19. Declaration of Amattchooren and other Indians, of the cession of certain lands on South river to Peter Stuyvesant, " Chief Sachem of the Manhattans," 599 1053. October 6. Extract of a letter from Director Stuyvesant to the West India Company 600 Extract of a letter from Gerrit Bicker, Commandant at Fort Casimier, to Peter Stuyvesant 601 1654. July 27. Extract of a letter of Peter Stuyvesant to the West India Company, dated 27th July, 1054, 601 Depositions of various persons respecting the Swedes on the South River, taken before Secretary van Ruy ven, 1654 602 May 27. Extract of a letter from Governor John Risingh to Director Stuyvesant, 606

Extract of a letter from Director Stuyvesant to the West India Company 600 Extract of a letter from Gerrit Bicker, Commandant at Fort Casimier, to Peter Stuyvesant 601 1654. July 27. Extract of a letter of Peter Stuyvesant to the West India Company, dated 27th July, 1054, 601 Depositions of various persons respecting the Swedes on the South River, taken before Secretary van Ruy ven, 1654 602 May 27. Extract of a letter from Governor John Risingh to Director Stuyvesant, 606

.

CONTENTS. 1666. September 11. Capitulation and conditions upon which Fort Casimir was sur ndered by Suen Schuts to Director Stuy vesaut, September 25. Capitulation between Risiugh and Stuyvesant at Fort Christina,. 1656. January 28. Resolut 1 of the States-General upon the receipt of the foregoing documents, referring them to a secret committee, &a February 12. Resolution of the Council of the City of Amsterdam, appointing a committee to consider how trade in New Netherland could be promoted, February 22. Letter of the Directors of the Amsterdam Chamber of the West India Company to the States-General, respecting the boundary question in New Netherland February 22. Resolution of the States-General thereupon, to ratify' the articles of agreement made at Hartford on 19th September, 1 65(1, &c. , &e.,

February 22. Ratification of the Treaty of Hartford by the States-General, Letter of a Committee of the West India Company to the Committee of the City of Amsterdam,. . .

Points proposed by the Assembly of the XIX to the States-General, in the year 1654, March 3. Resolution of the Common Council of the City of Amsterdam to purchase a tract of land in New Netherland March 16. Resolution of the Amsterdam Chamber of the West India Company, appointing a committee to arrange with the City of Amsterdam the conditions for planting a Colonic in New Netherland, March 22.

Ratification of the Treaty of Hartford by the States-General, Letter of a Committee of the West India Company to the Committee of the City of Amsterdam,. . .

Points proposed by the Assembly of the XIX to the States-General, in the year 1654, March 3. Resolution of the Common Council of the City of Amsterdam to purchase a tract of land in New Netherland March 16. Resolution of the Amsterdam Chamber of the West India Company, appointing a committee to arrange with the City of Amsterdam the conditions for planting a Colonic in New Netherland, March 22. Letter of Mr. Appelboom, the Swedish Minister, to the States-General, complaining of the conduct of the

West India Company's officers in New Netherland, in dispossessing the Swedes of the South river,. March 22. Resolution of the States-General thereupon, -

March 24. Resolution of the States of Holland, &c., upon the foregoing memorial, <fec March 29. Draft of the City of Amsterdam on the Exchange Bank, in favor of the Waldenses April 27. Letter of the Council of Amsterdam to Director Stuyvesant, recommending Jan Gailardo Ferrara, June 30. Draft of the City of Amsterdam in favor of the Waldenses, July 4. Resolution of the Council of Amsterdam on a plan for colonizing New Netherland July 12. Resolution of the Council of Amsterdam, approving the conditions for planting a Colonie on the South

Draft of conditions offered by the City of Amsterdam to emigrants to New Netherland, witli remarks of the West India Company Form of Permit to sail to New Netherland, Resolution of the States-General, referring an agreement entered into by the West India Company with the City of Amsterdam, ifee

Resolution of the Council of Amsterdam on a plan for colonizing New Netherland July 12. Resolution of the Council of Amsterdam, approving the conditions for planting a Colonie on the South

Draft of conditions offered by the City of Amsterdam to emigrants to New Netherland, witli remarks of the West India Company Form of Permit to sail to New Netherland, Resolution of the States-General, referring an agreement entered into by the West India Company with the City of Amsterdam, ifee

August 1. Letter of the States-General to the XIX. thereupon, August 7. Letter of the Amsterdam Chamber of the West India Company to the States-General, respecting the City of Amsterdam's Colonie in New Netherland, &c,, August 10. Resolution of the States-General thereupon, August 10. Letter of the States-General to the XIX. of the West India Company, August 10. Letter of the XIX of the West India Company to the States-General, approving the proposed Colonie on the South river, August 12. Agreement of the West India Company and the City of Amsterdam respecting a Colonie in New Netherland, ,

August 12. Conditions offered to all those who are to go to New Netherland to settle on the South River August 12. Resolution of the States-General, referring the foregoing papers to a committee, <t-c. August 16. Report of the committee of the States-General, recommending a ratification of the preceding conditions. August 16. Resolution of the States-General, ratifying and confirming the agreement and conditions made between the Amsterdam Chamber of the West India Company and the City of Amsterdam, &c, October 4. Memorial of Mr. van de Capelle to the States-General, asking for a commission for some proper person to be sent as commander by him to bis Colonie on Staten Island, in New Netherland 1655. October 30. Extract of a letter from Director Stuyvesant to Mr. van c !

Resolution of the States-General, ratifying and confirming the agreement and conditions made between the Amsterdam Chamber of the West India Company and the City of Amsterdam, &c, October 4. Memorial of Mr. van de Capelle to the States-General, asking for a commission for some proper person to be sent as commander by him to bis Colonie on Staten Island, in New Netherland 1655. October 30. Extract of a letter from Director Stuyvesant to Mr. van c ! Capelle, informing him of the destruction of his Colonie on Staten Island September 2. Commission issued by the States-General to the command • of the Island of Tobago, <feo 1656. October 4. Resolution of the States-General, referring the foregoing papers to the Directors of the West Indif Company, &c ,

]xx CONTENTS. 1656. Page. October 5. Extract from the proceedings of the XIX of the West India Company 640 October 6. Resolution of the States-General upon the reply of the West India Company thereupon, &c., 641 November 1. Report on garrisoning Fort Casimir on the South river, 641 November 4. Resolution of the Common Council of Amsterdam, on the preceding report, 642 November 8. Estimated expense of sending a colony of 150 persons to the Delaware river 643 November 11. Resolution of the Common Council of Amsterdam, authorizing a loan for the Colonic on the South river , 645 December 5. Commission of Captain Martyn Kryger to command a company at the Colonic on the South river,

belonging to the City of Amsterdam, 646 December 5. Commission of Ale.xander d'Hinojossa to be lieutenant of the same 646

Resolution of the Common Council of Amsterdam, on the preceding report, 642 November 8. Estimated expense of sending a colony of 150 persons to the Delaware river 643 November 11. Resolution of the Common Council of Amsterdam, authorizing a loan for the Colonic on the South river , 645 December 5. Commission of Captain Martyn Kryger to command a company at the Colonic on the South river,

belonging to the City of Amsterdam, 646 December 5. Commission of Ale.xander d'Hinojossa to be lieutenant of the same 646

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS

I-VIII.

Resolutions respecting Sir Thomas Dale.

Resolution of the States General.

[From the Eegister of Resolutions of the States General in the Eoyal ArchiTes at the Hague.]

Friday the 1" August 1603.

Folio 24T. On the recommendation of the King of France, Captain Dale is commissioned Captain Dale provisionally as Captain of the Infantry Company of Captain Condegrave, and the Secretary is ordered to issue a certificate thereof to him.

Resolution of the States General.

I From the Eegister of Resolutions of the States General in the Eoyal Archives at the Hague. ]

Monday the 8"= December 1603. Folio 889. On Captain Thomas Dale's Petition it is granted that his Commission be captainDaie. expedited, and the desired deduction made after every due attention shall be paid to his complaint regarding the Eight who, he says, were absent through Soldiers sickness, with his Excellency's knowledge at the mustering of the Company on the 21" of October last.

Vol. I. 1

2 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS.

I From the Eegister of Resolutions of the States General in the Eoyal Archives at the Hague. ]

Monday the 8"= December 1603. Folio 889. On Captain Thomas Dale's Petition it is granted that his Commission be captainDaie. expedited, and the desired deduction made after every due attention shall be paid to his complaint regarding the Eight who, he says, were absent through Soldiers sickness, with his Excellency's knowledge at the mustering of the Company on the 21" of October last.

Vol. I. 1

2 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS.

Resolution of the Council of State of the United Netherlands.

[ From the origioal Register of Eesolotioos ol the Coancil of Stale, in the Royal Archives at the Bagae. 1

Wednesday Si"" December 1603. Thomas Dale. On the Petition of Thomas Dale, an English Captain, this deduction is properly made, inasmuch as the monies received by him in the Army, were given him on account.

Memorandum that CajJtaitis Dale and Gates we^-e in garrison in Holland. i From the Original List in the File intituled Loopenda of Novemb and Decemb 1606. in the Eoyal Archives at the Hague. ] :

From a list of the stations of the Dutch Garrisons on the 15th November, 1606.

From this List it most clearly appears that Thomas Dayl and S'' Thomas Gaels were in garrison together on the IS"' November 1606 in the City of Oudewater, which is a small City in South Holland situate on the River Yssel.

In this list we read as follows : -- { " Thomas Dayl Oudewater j g, ^j^^,^^^ q^^^^„

Memorandum that CajJtaitis Dale and Gates we^-e in garrison in Holland. i From the Original List in the File intituled Loopenda of Novemb and Decemb 1606. in the Eoyal Archives at the Hague. ] :

From a list of the stations of the Dutch Garrisons on the 15th November, 1606.

From this List it most clearly appears that Thomas Dayl and S'' Thomas Gaels were in garrison together on the IS"' November 1606 in the City of Oudewater, which is a small City in South Holland situate on the River Yssel.

In this list we read as follows : -- { " Thomas Dayl Oudewater j g, ^j^^,^^^ q^^^^„

Resolution of the States General granting leave of absence to Sir Thomas Gates. [ From the Register of Eesolations of the Slates General, in the Eoyal Archives at the Hagae. ]

Thursday, the 24"' April 1608. Foiio6T. On the petition of Sir Thomas Gates, Captain of a Company of English Soldiers, ''°™'^ ottes.'" commissioned by the King of Great Britain to command with three other gentlemen in the country of Virginia in colonizing the said countries, the Petitioner is,

therefore, allowed to be absent from his company for the space of one year, on condition that he supply his company with good Officers and Soldiers for the public service.

Resohttion of the States General, granting leave of absence to Captain Dale.

[ From the Register of Resolutions of the States General, in the Eoyal Archives at the Hague. ]

Thursday, 20"" January. 1611. Folio 23. On the writing presented by the Honorable Rudolph Winwood, Ambassador from the King of Great Britain, it is ordered as follows: -- Captain Dale. TheStates General of the United Netherlands hereby consent and allow, on the recommendation of his Highness the Prince of Wales, that Captain Thomas Dale (destined

Resohttion of the States General, granting leave of absence to Captain Dale.

[ From the Register of Resolutions of the States General, in the Eoyal Archives at the Hague. ]

Thursday, 20"" January. 1611. Folio 23. On the writing presented by the Honorable Rudolph Winwood, Ambassador from the King of Great Britain, it is ordered as follows: -- Captain Dale. TheStates General of the United Netherlands hereby consent and allow, on the recommendation of his Highness the Prince of Wales, that Captain Thomas Dale (destined

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS: L 3

by the King of Great Britain to be employed in Virgiuia in His Majestys Service) may absent himself from his company for the space of three years, and that his said company shall remain meanwhile vacant to be resumed by him if he think proper. It is understood that his pay as Captain shall cease during his absence.

Further Resolution of the States General respecting Captain Dale.

[ From the Register of the Kesolutiona of the Stales General, in the Eoyal Archives at the Hagne. ]

Tuesday, the 25"" January, 1611.

Folio 29. It is considerred at the further instance of the Hon"° Rudolph Winwood, captainDaie. Ambassador of the King of Great Britain, whether Captain Thomas Dale should be allowed to receive the payment of his salary as captain for the term of three years during which he is allowed to be absent from his Company, in the service of his Royal Majesty of England, in Virginia; But it is resolved, in view of the very prejudicial consequences resulting therefrom to the State, that the aforesaid Captain Dale shall have to be content with what has been granted him on the recommendation of the aforesaid Ambassador on behalf of his Highness the Prince of Wales.

Ambassador of the King of Great Britain, whether Captain Thomas Dale should be allowed to receive the payment of his salary as captain for the term of three years during which he is allowed to be absent from his Company, in the service of his Royal Majesty of England, in Virginia; But it is resolved, in view of the very prejudicial consequences resulting therefrom to the State, that the aforesaid Captain Dale shall have to be content with what has been granted him on the recommendation of the aforesaid Ambassador on behalf of his Highness the Prince of Wales.

Further Resolution of the States General.

[ From the Register of Resolutions of the States General in the Koyal Archiyes at the Hagne. ]

Wednesday, the 9"" February, IGll.

Foiio44. Heer Joachimi reports that the Sir Winwood Ambassador of the King 'I"he CaptainDaie of Great Britain, General Veer, Governor of Briel, and Conway his Lieutenant, have again very urgently recommended, on behalf of this Highness the Prince of Wales, the request of Captain Dale, proceeding for three years to Virginia, that his allowance as Captain may go on in the meanwhile. It is again resolved, that the aforesaid Captain shall have to be content with the resolution heretofore adopted in this case.

Resolution of the States General respecting ships going on a Voyage of Discovery. [ From the Register of the Resolntlons of the States General in the Royal Archives at the Hague. ]

Monday, the 21. February, 1611. Foiioss. Received and read a letter from the Commissioners of the Admiralty at

Heer Joachimi reports that the Sir Winwood Ambassador of the King 'I"he CaptainDaie of Great Britain, General Veer, Governor of Briel, and Conway his Lieutenant, have again very urgently recommended, on behalf of this Highness the Prince of Wales, the request of Captain Dale, proceeding for three years to Virginia, that his allowance as Captain may go on in the meanwhile. It is again resolved, that the aforesaid Captain shall have to be content with the resolution heretofore adopted in this case.

Resolution of the States General respecting ships going on a Voyage of Discovery. [ From the Register of the Resolntlons of the States General in the Royal Archives at the Hague. ]

Monday, the 21. February, 1611. Foiioss. Received and read a letter from the Commissioners of the Admiralty at

foJerVoMheNonh Amsterdam, dated the 19'* Inst, wherein they advise that the Ships destined to passage. ]qq]. fpj. ^ Northern passage to China, are so nearly ready for the voyage that they are beginning to embark their crew. Requesting, inasmuch as it is important that the aforesaid

4 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. Ships should be provided with Letters from the Lords States General or His Excellency to the Princes or Kings of the countries at which they may arrive, written in such languages and characters as may be most useful, that their High Mightinesses would be pleased to have a draft made of such letters as their High Mightinesses shall think proper to give tiiem, together with proper Commissions for the captains who will be in command ; leaving the names of these

Ships should be provided with Letters from the Lords States General or His Excellency to the Princes or Kings of the countries at which they may arrive, written in such languages and characters as may be most useful, that their High Mightinesses would be pleased to have a draft made of such letters as their High Mightinesses shall think proper to give tiiem, together with proper Commissions for the captains who will be in command ; leaving the names of these

The Ship ihe Little ^" blank ; the Ships being called the Little Fox and the Little Crane. ^"'^ After deliberation it is ordered, that the required Letters be drawn up, and the draft sent to the aforesaid Commissioners, to have it translated in such languages, as they shall consider necessary: And it is further resolved that his Excellency be requested to issue as High Admiral the aforesaid Commissions for the Captains.

Resolution on a Petition relative to a newly discovered Navigation.

Copy of a Resolution of the States of Holland and Westvriesland, dated 7"" Septemb. 1611.

PeHtion of divere '^^^ Petition presented by divers Merchants and Inhabitants, residing in the teo«&«.«)'nJ"rnin'g United Provinces, to this Assembly regarding certain newly discovered Navigation, cove^red Nlvigaifonl being read, the cities Amsterdam, Rotterdam, Hoorn and Enckhuysen request copy, which is delivered them, to communicate it to their constituents.

Resolution in favor of those wlio discover Neto Countries.

Copy of a Resolution of the States of Holland and Westvriesland dated 20"' March 1G14.

Copy of a Resolution of the States of Holland and Westvriesland, dated 7"" Septemb. 1611.

PeHtion of divere '^^^ Petition presented by divers Merchants and Inhabitants, residing in the teo«&«.«)'nJ"rnin'g United Provinces, to this Assembly regarding certain newly discovered Navigation, cove^red Nlvigaifonl being read, the cities Amsterdam, Rotterdam, Hoorn and Enckhuysen request copy, which is delivered them, to communicate it to their constituents.

Resolution in favor of those wlio discover Neto Countries.

Copy of a Resolution of the States of Holland and Westvriesland dated 20"' March 1G14.

Eelative to the Ee- On the Remonstrance of divers IMerchants wishing to discover New unknown i'TAdSsioSook Rivers, Countries and Places not sought for (nor resorted to) heretofore from these piace8"or""Trade° parts, it IS, after previous mature deliberation, resolved that the Generality not hitherto explored or resorted to shall accord and grant, ^ that whoever shall resort to and discover such new from this couniry. Lg^ds and Places, shall alone be privileged to make four Voyages to such Lands and Places from these Countries, exclusive of every other person, until the aforesaid

four Voyages shall have been completed it being well understood, that on the return of the ;

first discovery or exploration, a pertinent Report shall be rendered to the Lords States General,

in order that their High Mightinesses may then order and determine, according to the distance and circumstances of the Countries or Places, within what time the aforesaid four voyages must be concluded and also with this understanding, that whosoever shall find, discover and explore ;

four Voyages shall have been completed it being well understood, that on the return of the ;

first discovery or exploration, a pertinent Report shall be rendered to the Lords States General,

in order that their High Mightinesses may then order and determine, according to the distance and circumstances of the Countries or Places, within what time the aforesaid four voyages must be concluded and also with this understanding, that whosoever shall find, discover and explore ;

the same Countries and Places about the same time or season, shall be admitted, at the discretion and on the decision of the Lords States General, to prosecute the aforesaid voyages in company ; provided also that this concession shall not prejudice previous concessions or grants.

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS : L 5

Resolution of the States General respecting newly discovered Countries.

[ From the Register of the Resolutions of tlie Slates General in the Eoyal Arcliives at the Hague. ]

Thursday the 27"- March 1614. Foiioss. Read the petition of divers Traders, inhabitants of the United Provinces, requesting liberty freely to make use of, for the first six Voyages, the passages, countries and islands, as yet undiscovered or unfrequented, and which shall through God's Mercy and help be discovered by them without any other person, except the Petitioners, having power to sail or resort thither ;

from these United Provinces, either directly or indirectly before and until, they, the Petitioners, shall have fully completed and finished the aforesaid six Voyages, etc. After deliberation it is resolved and concluded, that this solicited charter or concession shall be, as it is hereby, granted to the Petitioners, for four voyages, on condition that the Petitioners having completed the first voyage, shall render a pertinent report to their High Mightinesses of their progress and discovery, in order that their High Mightinesses may then adjudge and declare in what time the four voyages shall be made.

from these United Provinces, either directly or indirectly before and until, they, the Petitioners, shall have fully completed and finished the aforesaid six Voyages, etc. After deliberation it is resolved and concluded, that this solicited charter or concession shall be, as it is hereby, granted to the Petitioners, for four voyages, on condition that the Petitioners having completed the first voyage, shall render a pertinent report to their High Mightinesses of their progress and discovery, in order that their High Mightinesses may then adjudge and declare in what time the four voyages shall be made. On condition also, that this concession shall not prejudice other their High Mightinesses' previous charters and concessions ; and provided, in case two or more Companies shall find out such lands or passage in one year, they shall then enjoy this benefit and privilege in common. And in case any difference hereupon, or otherwise, should occur, the same shall be left to the decision of their High Mightinesses. Those of Zealand declare, that they intend to refer this matter to their principals.

General Charter for tfiose who Discover any New Passages^ Havens^ Countries or Places.

, [ From the Act Booli of the States General in the Royal Archires at the Hague. ]

Foiio54 The States General of the United Netherlands. To all those who shall see these presents or hear them read. Greeting. Be it Known, Whereas We understand it would be honorable, serviceable and profitable to this Country, and for the promotion of its prosperity, as well as for the maintenance of seafaring people, that the good Inhabitants should be excited and encouraged employ and occupy themselves in seeking out and discovering Passages, to Havens, Countries and places that have not before now been discovered nor frequented and ;

To all those who shall see these presents or hear them read. Greeting. Be it Known, Whereas We understand it would be honorable, serviceable and profitable to this Country, and for the promotion of its prosperity, as well as for the maintenance of seafaring people, that the good Inhabitants should be excited and encouraged employ and occupy themselves in seeking out and discovering Passages, to Havens, Countries and places that have not before now been discovered nor frequented and ;

being informed by some Traders that they intend, with God's merciful help, by diligence, labor, danger and expence, to employ themselves thereat, as they expect to derive a handsome profit therefrom, if it pleased Us to privilege, charter and favor them, that they alone might resort and sail to and frequent the passages, havens, countries and places to be by them newly found and discovered, for six voyages as a compensation for their outlays, trouble and risk, with interdiction to all, directly or indirectly to resort or sail to, or frequent the said passages, havens, countries or places, before and until the first discoverers and finders thereof shall have completed the aforesaid six voyages Therefore, We having duly weighed the aforesaid :

matter and finding, as hereinbefore stated, the said undertaking to be laudable, honorable and

6 NEW-YORK COLONIAL MANUSCPIPTS. serviceable for the prosperity of the United Provinces, And wishing that the experiment be free and open to ail and every of the Inhabitants of this country, have invited and do hereby invite, alland every of the Inhabitants of the United Netherlands to the aforesaid search, and, therefore, have granted and consented, grant and consent hereby that whosoever any new Passages, Havens, Countries or Places shall from now henceforward discover, shall alone resort to the same or cause them to be frequented for four voyages, without any other person directly or indirectly sailing, frequenting or resorting, from the United Netherlands, to the said newly discovered and found passages, havens, countries or places, until the first discoverer and finder shall have made, or cause to be made the said four voyages, on pain of confiscation of the goods and ships wherewith the contrary attempt shall be made, and a fine of Fifty thousand Netherlands Ducats, to the profit of the aforesaid finder or discoverer.

6 NEW-YORK COLONIAL MANUSCPIPTS. serviceable for the prosperity of the United Provinces, And wishing that the experiment be free and open to ail and every of the Inhabitants of this country, have invited and do hereby invite, alland every of the Inhabitants of the United Netherlands to the aforesaid search, and, therefore, have granted and consented, grant and consent hereby that whosoever any new Passages, Havens, Countries or Places shall from now henceforward discover, shall alone resort to the same or cause them to be frequented for four voyages, without any other person directly or indirectly sailing, frequenting or resorting, from the United Netherlands, to the said newly discovered and found passages, havens, countries or places, until the first discoverer and finder shall have made, or cause to be made the said four voyages, on pain of confiscation of the goods and ships wherewith the contrary attempt shall be made, and a fine of Fifty thousand Netherlands Ducats, to the profit of the aforesaid finder or discoverer. Well understanding that the discover, on completion of the first voyage, shall be holden within fourteen days after his return from said Voyage, to render unto Us a pertinent Report of the aforesaid discoveries and adventures, in order, on hearing thereof We may adjudge and declare, according to circumstances and distance, within what time the aforesaid four voyages must be completed. Provided that We do not understand to prejudice hereby or in any way to diminish our former Charters and Concessions And, if one or more Companies find and discover, in or about one :

Well understanding that the discover, on completion of the first voyage, shall be holden within fourteen days after his return from said Voyage, to render unto Us a pertinent Report of the aforesaid discoveries and adventures, in order, on hearing thereof We may adjudge and declare, according to circumstances and distance, within what time the aforesaid four voyages must be completed. Provided that We do not understand to prejudice hereby or in any way to diminish our former Charters and Concessions And, if one or more Companies find and discover, in or about one :

time or one year, such new Passages, Countries, havens or Places, the same shall conjointly enjoy this Our Grant and Privilege; and in case any diH'erences or questions concerning these, or otherwise should arise or occur from this our Concession, the same shall be decided by Us, whereby each shall have to regulate himself. And in order that this Our Concession shall be made known equally to all. We have ordered that these be published and affixed at the usual places in the United Countries. Thus done at the Assembly of the Lords States General at the -- Hague the XXVII"" of March XVP and fourteen. Was parapheered J. van Oldenbarnevelt*'. Under stood -- By order of the Lords States General, Signed, C. Aerssen.

Orga7iization of a Company to Trade in America^ c&c, proposed.

Copy of a Resolution of the States of Holland and Westvriesland dated IS""

July 1614.

EegardiDg the Ee- On the Remoustrance presented on the part of divers Traders of this country monstrance presented on behalf of bud- for the general Company formation of a o r J for the promotion r of the Commerce, ' dry MerchiinUs of

Under stood -- By order of the Lords States General, Signed, C. Aerssen.

Orga7iization of a Company to Trade in America^ c&c, proposed.

Copy of a Resolution of the States of Holland and Westvriesland dated IS""

July 1614.

EegardiDg the Ee- On the Remoustrance presented on the part of divers Traders of this country monstrance presented on behalf of bud- for the general Company formation of a o r J for the promotion r of the Commerce, ' dry MerchiinUs of

ierningth-'Erec'ito'n Navigation and Interest of the Country, to carry on Trade on some Coasts of t'adi a*ilTn!vi'gate Africa and America where the same may be prosecuted according to the Truce, Africa anTAmerira. some from Dordrccht, Delft, Amsterdam, Rotterdam, Hoorn and Enckhuyzen are appointed to examine the Remonstrance, to hear those who have sent it in, and the circumstances being well considered and deliberated on, to render a Report to the Assembly Which done, and the project being considered laudable and advantageous for the Country and Inhabitants, It is ordered that the matter be promoted in the General Assembly of the

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS: I. 7

States, in a Memorial from some thoroughly versed in the subject, on behalf of the Provinces of Holland and Westfriesland.

Resolution of the States General on tJie proposed formation of a Commercial Company.

[ From Ihe Register of Resolutions of the Stales General, in the Royal Archives at the Hague. ]

Monday, 21. June 1614.

DiverlTraders.Read a Remonstrance of divers Traders of these Provinces in substance for the formation and erection in this country of a general Company for the West Indies, the coast

States, in a Memorial from some thoroughly versed in the subject, on behalf of the Provinces of Holland and Westfriesland.

Resolution of the States General on tJie proposed formation of a Commercial Company.

[ From Ihe Register of Resolutions of the Stales General, in the Royal Archives at the Hague. ]

Monday, 21. June 1614.

DiverlTraders.Read a Remonstrance of divers Traders of these Provinces in substance for the formation and erection in this country of a general Company for the West Indies, the coast

weTindie^Afrka of Africa and through the Strait of Magellan, without prejudice to the East India ^'"" Miigei'ian. °^ Company or infraction of the Truce: Resolved, lliat the deputies present do advise with the principals on the aforesaid Remonstrance, in order that they may, on this day four weeks, send some of their Merchants hither, with whom their High Mightinesses may thoroughly examine the matter contained in the aforesaid Remonstrance.

Resolution of the States General on the proposed formation of a West India Company.

[ From the Register of the Resolutions of the States General in the Royal Archives at the Hague. ]

Monday, 25'" August, 1614. ° a General West India Company shall Folio 229. Resolved, That the business of forming F.rectionofthcWest . , , . .

India Company. be Undertaken tomorrow morning; moreover, that to this meeting may come those deputed from the Provinces, those who will request to promote this work, those who act on orders, as well those who appear and have seats in the Assembly and at Extraordinary Meetings of other Chambers, and at the meeting of their High Mightinesses. Aud for this And for this business are deputed Nicasius Kien and Wilhem Eusselincx.

Resolved, That the business of forming F.rectionofthcWest . , , . .

India Company. be Undertaken tomorrow morning; moreover, that to this meeting may come those deputed from the Provinces, those who will request to promote this work, those who act on orders, as well those who appear and have seats in the Assembly and at Extraordinary Meetings of other Chambers, and at the meeting of their High Mightinesses. Aud for this And for this business are deputed Nicasius Kien and Wilhem Eusselincx.

Further Resolutions concerning the formation of a West India

[ From the Register of Resolutions of the Slates General, In the Royal Archives at the Hague ]

Tuesday, 2""' September 1614. i 2Sr. Rpsnlvpd. that: Erection this afternoon.

8 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS.

Copy of a Resolution of the States of Holland and West Friesland dated 25"' August -- 27"" Septemb"' 1614.

Concerning the for- lu tlis matter of the plan for the erection of a General Company to navigate wes't'india comp'a- and trade on some coasts of Africa, Terra Australis, America and elsewhere, trade lo some ooasis gigg t^g Charter for said Company, some were anew appointed from the Lords traiu, America &c. ^^^^ Cities, to communicate on and further discuss the subject, to examine the

draft of a Charter and its cons(^quences, and to render a report of the whole to the meeting; and they having first reported, that it was necessary for the promotion of the affair that the States General should pass an Act including the Trade to Guinea in the aforesaid Charter, the said Act is finally drawn up and concluded, as follows : -- " The States General of the United Netherlands having a understood the difficulty j Act appertainmg suggestcd on the paragraph of the draft of a General Company for the Coasts thereunto

draft of a Charter and its cons(^quences, and to render a report of the whole to the meeting; and they having first reported, that it was necessary for the promotion of the affair that the States General should pass an Act including the Trade to Guinea in the aforesaid Charter, the said Act is finally drawn up and concluded, as follows : -- " The States General of the United Netherlands having a understood the difficulty j Act appertainmg suggestcd on the paragraph of the draft of a General Company for the Coasts thereunto

of Africa and America where Trade and Navigation are free by the Truce -- to wit, that

itwas feared that some may secretly endeavor under that cover to pursue trade to Guinea, with a General Company, and that it was desired to retain and continue to prosecute this, notwithstanding the Company and Trade should not prosper in the open parts of America, either because through some defect or impediment, it may not have been included, or being included, it may happen to cease tiirough want of good success and profits, or some other causes. " Therefore, We being desirous to afford sufficient security thereto, as we have proceeded herein only uprightly, sincerely and in good faith, did and do Declare hereby, that Our intention was none other than to proceed in good faith, and by means of the aforesaid General Company earnestly and zealously to cause Navigation and Commerce to be undertaken as well to the West Indies and the Coasts of Africa as to Guinea; consequently that the Charter which this General Company will obtain in this regard, shall not convey any power or clause to enable any person to take advantage thereof against others, in case Trade shall not be speedily undertaken and prosecuted by said Company as well in the other various Quarters as on the Guinea coasts, or in case the Trade to the other Countries should, through any impediment, by want of profit or through any other cause, happen to fail, be interrupted or cease but that in such case and then, the Guinea Trade shall be again free, common and open ;

" Therefore, We being desirous to afford sufficient security thereto, as we have proceeded herein only uprightly, sincerely and in good faith, did and do Declare hereby, that Our intention was none other than to proceed in good faith, and by means of the aforesaid General Company earnestly and zealously to cause Navigation and Commerce to be undertaken as well to the West Indies and the Coasts of Africa as to Guinea; consequently that the Charter which this General Company will obtain in this regard, shall not convey any power or clause to enable any person to take advantage thereof against others, in case Trade shall not be speedily undertaken and prosecuted by said Company as well in the other various Quarters as on the Guinea coasts, or in case the Trade to the other Countries should, through any impediment, by want of profit or through any other cause, happen to fail, be interrupted or cease but that in such case and then, the Guinea Trade shall be again free, common and open ;

to every one as it has been to this day in every respect, as if no Charter had been granted ; And in order that those at present trading to Guinea may not be injured, it is our meaning, that those who have gone, or have been sent, to the Coasts of Guinea from this or other countries previous to the date hereof, or who shall proceed there within the present year 1614, shall continue their Trade to the sale of their goods and to their return to this country and no longer, provided that after the 1 January 1615, no person shall have liberty to send out any ships and goods ; Nevertheless, however, in case the sum of four, five or six Millions of guilders shall not be subscribed in the year 1615, by this General Company, before the 1st May, the Traders to Guinea shall have power to send out their ships for that year, and to continue trading until the aforesaid Capital or such Capital, as his Excellency [Prince Maurice] and the Lords States General shall declare sufficient to effectually put this project into operation, shall be subscribed, and until the sale of their goods.

to every one as it has been to this day in every respect, as if no Charter had been granted ; And in order that those at present trading to Guinea may not be injured, it is our meaning, that those who have gone, or have been sent, to the Coasts of Guinea from this or other countries previous to the date hereof, or who shall proceed there within the present year 1614, shall continue their Trade to the sale of their goods and to their return to this country and no longer, provided that after the 1 January 1615, no person shall have liberty to send out any ships and goods ; Nevertheless, however, in case the sum of four, five or six Millions of guilders shall not be subscribed in the year 1615, by this General Company, before the 1st May, the Traders to Guinea shall have power to send out their ships for that year, and to continue trading until the aforesaid Capital or such Capital, as his Excellency [Prince Maurice] and the Lords States General shall declare sufficient to effectually put this project into operation, shall be subscribed, and until the sale of their goods. And for assurance of the aforesaid. We have have granted Our Acte to serve as may be necessary."

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HOLLAND DOCUMENTS : I. 9

Eesnmpiion of the '^^^ resumption of the enacted Charter is further proceeded with, and some enacted Charter. difficulties are removed in the distribution of the Directors and Equipment among the Provinces, Quarters and Cities ; in the order of the Salt-traders ; the Limits on this side and through the Strait of Magellan, and the difficulties started thereupon by the East India Company, with whose Deputies communication has been had by Deputies on the part of the Lords States General ; and it is agreed in full Meeting, that this Matter should be examined at the first Meeting of the Seventeen Deputies, and for that and other considerations, the aforesaid business is holden for further deliberation and postponed.

Eesnmpiion of the '^^^ resumption of the enacted Charter is further proceeded with, and some enacted Charter. difficulties are removed in the distribution of the Directors and Equipment among the Provinces, Quarters and Cities ; in the order of the Salt-traders ; the Limits on this side and through the Strait of Magellan, and the difficulties started thereupon by the East India Company, with whose Deputies communication has been had by Deputies on the part of the Lords States General ; and it is agreed in full Meeting, that this Matter should be examined at the first Meeting of the Seventeen Deputies, and for that and other considerations, the aforesaid business is holden for further deliberation and postponed.

King James I. to the States General. [ From the Original in Royal ArchiTes at the Hague ; File entitled EnQdand. ] Date 19 August \ ^^^*" Rec" 30 Septemb' )

High and Mighty Lords, Our good friends and allies We cannot but acknowledge the favor, which through regard for Us, you have done to Sir Thomas Dale, Marshal of Virginia, by permitting him to absent himself for some time from your Service, to which he should have already returned, had not all of that Colony, where he has right worthily comported himself, perceiving the necessity of his remaining among them, to settle and give stability to that enterprize, supplicated Us to interpose again with you, and to request you to permit his absence for two or three years more, in order that he may complete the work, so well begun which, by his recal, cannot but run great risk of miscarriage. ;

High and Mighty Lords, Our good friends and allies We cannot but acknowledge the favor, which through regard for Us, you have done to Sir Thomas Dale, Marshal of Virginia, by permitting him to absent himself for some time from your Service, to which he should have already returned, had not all of that Colony, where he has right worthily comported himself, perceiving the necessity of his remaining among them, to settle and give stability to that enterprize, supplicated Us to interpose again with you, and to request you to permit his absence for two or three years more, in order that he may complete the work, so well begun which, by his recal, cannot but run great risk of miscarriage. ;

This We have right willingly undertaken for so good an object, and doubt not but you will consent with like promptness, not only in this case, but in all that depends on you for the advancement of so laudable an undertaking; the success of which, as in all probability it will be productive of advantage to our Realms, will, in like manner, not fail to communicate the like to your Provinces. Therefore We remain Your very affectionate Friend From Our Court at (signed) James R. Leicester, the 19"" of Aug" 1614

(The Address.) To the High and Mighty Lords, The States General of the United Netherland Provinces.

Resolution of the States General on the preceding Letter. [ From the Eeginter of the Resolutions of the States General, in the Royal Archives at the Hague. ]

This We have right willingly undertaken for so good an object, and doubt not but you will consent with like promptness, not only in this case, but in all that depends on you for the advancement of so laudable an undertaking; the success of which, as in all probability it will be productive of advantage to our Realms, will, in like manner, not fail to communicate the like to your Provinces. Therefore We remain Your very affectionate Friend From Our Court at (signed) James R. Leicester, the 19"" of Aug" 1614

(The Address.) To the High and Mighty Lords, The States General of the United Netherland Provinces.

Resolution of the States General on the preceding Letter. [ From the Eeginter of the Resolutions of the States General, in the Royal Archives at the Hague. ]

Tuesday, the last of September 1614. Great Britain. Rcccived and read a Letter from the King of Great Britain, dated at Leicester captn Dale. the 19"' of August Old Style, in favor of Captain Sir Thomas Dale, Marshal of

Vol. L 2

10 NE^A'-YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS.

Virginia, to tlie effect that tlieir High Mightinesses would please to give leave of Absence to the said Captain for two or tiiree years more, in order that he may continue his residence in Virginia meanwhile, to bring affairs there into tliorough security, for which he has laid good foundation, and commencement. After deliberation, and on the aforesaid high recommendation by his Majesty and the aforesaid Ambassador, their High Mightinesses have agreed and consented that the said Captain may continue his residence in Virginia, on the previous footing, until it shall be otherwise ordered by their High Mightinesses.

Virginia, to tlie effect that tlieir High Mightinesses would please to give leave of Absence to the said Captain for two or tiiree years more, in order that he may continue his residence in Virginia meanwhile, to bring affairs there into tliorough security, for which he has laid good foundation, and commencement. After deliberation, and on the aforesaid high recommendation by his Majesty and the aforesaid Ambassador, their High Mightinesses have agreed and consented that the said Captain may continue his residence in Virginia, on the previous footing, until it shall be otherwise ordered by their High Mightinesses.

Besolution of the States General on the Report of the Discovery of New Netherland.

[ From the Register of the EesolQlions of the States General, in the Royal Archives al the Hagne. ]

Present -- President, Mr. Ghiessen. Mess" Biesmau, Westerholt, Brienen, Oldenbernevelt, Berckenrode, Driel, Teylingen, Magnus, Moesbergen, Ayloa, Hegemans.

Saturday the 11"" October, 1614. Foiio263. Appeared at the Assembly the Deputies from the United Company of Merchants New Netherland. vvho have dlscovered and found New Netherland, situate in America between New France and Virginia, the sea coasts whereof lie in the Latitude of forty to forty five degrees. And who have rendered a Report of their said Discovery and finding, requesting, in consequence, the Grant promised by their High Mightinesses' published placard. Deliberation

Grant to the Mer- ^ had thereon, their High being ^ Miarhtinesses o have granted and allowed, and <_>

Netheriald"* t^^ hereby grant and allow, the Petitioners that they alone shall have the right to P""*" resort to, or cause to be frequented, the newly discovered countries aforesaid situate in America between New France and Virginia, the sea coasts whereof lie in the Latitude of from forty to forty five degrees, now named New Netherland, as is to be seen by a Figurative Map hereunto annexed and that for four Voyages within the term of three ;

Netheriald"* t^^ hereby grant and allow, the Petitioners that they alone shall have the right to P""*" resort to, or cause to be frequented, the newly discovered countries aforesaid situate in America between New France and Virginia, the sea coasts whereof lie in the Latitude of from forty to forty five degrees, now named New Netherland, as is to be seen by a Figurative Map hereunto annexed and that for four Voyages within the term of three ;

years commencing the first January XVl^ and fifteen next coming, or sooner, to the exclusion of all others, either directly or indirectly sailing, resorting to, or frequenting the said Newly discovered and found Countries, harbors or places, from these United Netherlands, within the said three years, on pain of Confiscation of the ships and goods wherewith the attempt shall be made contrary hereunto, and a fine of Fifty thousand Netherland Ducats for the benefit of the aforesaid discoverers or finders; provided, that their High Mightinesses do not hereby intend any prejudice or diminution to their previous Charters and Concessions; And their meaning also is, that in case any difference or misunderstanding happen to arise or proceed from this their Concession, the same shall then be decided by them. Therefore, they order and command &c.

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' Orufiiial Oirli nguntliic .

Tlirn yiars rram lAe Krstrk^ vr Jaiiuan ,MSi-oj u lauy /uin- lit,, piUoOKl iy Cii/ifain Ifrndru' ;pC^, .»- .i^yaita^ «/ «» „ j<^p*ij,r^(l«^ n««.i-i«ii^ yia^,ri--^ »»«- a4 <»Tj»-».T-i<i^^ nhrn hr majr /lit m-illen Rtpm-I «u Hit , at August 16M I )

years commencing the first January XVl^ and fifteen next coming, or sooner, to the exclusion of all others, either directly or indirectly sailing, resorting to, or frequenting the said Newly discovered and found Countries, harbors or places, from these United Netherlands, within the said three years, on pain of Confiscation of the ships and goods wherewith the attempt shall be made contrary hereunto, and a fine of Fifty thousand Netherland Ducats for the benefit of the aforesaid discoverers or finders; provided, that their High Mightinesses do not hereby intend any prejudice or diminution to their previous Charters and Concessions; And their meaning also is, that in case any difference or misunderstanding happen to arise or proceed from this their Concession, the same shall then be decided by them. Therefore, they order and command &c.

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' Orufiiial Oirli nguntliic .

Tlirn yiars rram lAe Krstrk^ vr Jaiiuan ,MSi-oj u lauy /uin- lit,, piUoOKl iy Cii/ifain Ifrndru' ;pC^, .»- .i^yaita^ «/ «» „ j<^p*ij,r^(l«^ n««.i-i«ii^ yia^,ri--^ »»«- a4 <»Tj»-».T-i<i^^ nhrn hr majr /lit m-illen Rtpm-I «u Hit , at August 16M I )

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HOLLAND DOCUMENTS: I. 11

Grant of Exdusive Trade to Neio Netherland. [ From the Mioute on a half sheet of paper, in the Eoyal Arohieves in the Hague ; File, Loopende. ]

The States General of tlie United Netherlands to all to whom these presents shall come, Greeting. Whereas Gerrit Jacobz Witssen, antient Burgomaster of the City Amsterdam, Jonas Witssen, Simon Morrissen, owners of the Ship named the Little Fox whereof Jan de With has been Skipper; Hiins Hongers, Paulas Pelgrom, Lambrecht van Tweenhiiyzen, owners of the two ships named the Tiger and the Fortune, whereof Aedriaen Block and Henrick Corstiaenssen were Skippers; Arnolt van Lybergen, Wessel Schenck, Hans Claessen and Berent Sweertssen, owners of the Ship named the Nightingale, whereof Thys Volckertssen was Skipper, Merchants of the aforesaid City Amstelredam, and Pieter Clementssen Brouwer, Jan Clementssen Kies, and Cornells Volckertssen, Merchants of the City of Hoorn, owners of the Ship named the Fortuyn, whereof Cornells Jacobssen May was Skipper, all now associated in one Company, have respectfully represented to us, that they, the petitioners, after great expenses and damages by loss of ships and other dangers, had, during the present year, discovered and found with the above named five ships, certain New Lands situate in America, between New F'rance and Virginia, the Sea coasts whereof lie between forty and forty five degrees of Latitude, and now called New Netherland: And whereas We did, in the month of March last, for the promotion and increase of Commerce, cause to be published a certain General Consent and Charter setting forth, that whosoever should thereafter discover new havens, lands, places or passages, might frequent, or cause to be frequented, for four voyages, such newly discovered and found places, passages, havens, or lands, to the exclusion of all others from visiting or frequenting the same from the United Netherlands, until the said first discoverers and fiuders shall, themselves, have completed the said four Voyages, or caused the same to be done within the time prescribed for that purpose, under the penalties expressed in the said Octroy &c. they request that we would accord to them due Act of the aforesaid Octroy in the usual form :

Whereas Gerrit Jacobz Witssen, antient Burgomaster of the City Amsterdam, Jonas Witssen, Simon Morrissen, owners of the Ship named the Little Fox whereof Jan de With has been Skipper; Hiins Hongers, Paulas Pelgrom, Lambrecht van Tweenhiiyzen, owners of the two ships named the Tiger and the Fortune, whereof Aedriaen Block and Henrick Corstiaenssen were Skippers; Arnolt van Lybergen, Wessel Schenck, Hans Claessen and Berent Sweertssen, owners of the Ship named the Nightingale, whereof Thys Volckertssen was Skipper, Merchants of the aforesaid City Amstelredam, and Pieter Clementssen Brouwer, Jan Clementssen Kies, and Cornells Volckertssen, Merchants of the City of Hoorn, owners of the Ship named the Fortuyn, whereof Cornells Jacobssen May was Skipper, all now associated in one Company, have respectfully represented to us, that they, the petitioners, after great expenses and damages by loss of ships and other dangers, had, during the present year, discovered and found with the above named five ships, certain New Lands situate in America, between New F'rance and Virginia, the Sea coasts whereof lie between forty and forty five degrees of Latitude, and now called New Netherland: And whereas We did, in the month of March last, for the promotion and increase of Commerce, cause to be published a certain General Consent and Charter setting forth, that whosoever should thereafter discover new havens, lands, places or passages, might frequent, or cause to be frequented, for four voyages, such newly discovered and found places, passages, havens, or lands, to the exclusion of all others from visiting or frequenting the same from the United Netherlands, until the said first discoverers and fiuders shall, themselves, have completed the said four Voyages, or caused the same to be done within the time prescribed for that purpose, under the penalties expressed in the said Octroy &c. they request that we would accord to them due Act of the aforesaid Octroy in the usual form :

Which being considered. We, therefore, in Our Assembly having heard the pertinent Report of the Petitioners, relative to the discoveries and finding of the said new Countries between the above named limits and degrees, and also of their adventures, have consented and granted, and by these presents do consent and grant, to the said Petitioners now united into one Company, that they shall be privileged exclusively to frequent or cause to be visited, the above newly discovered lands, situate in America between New France and Virginia, whereof the Sea coasts lie between the fortieth and forty fifth degrees of Latitude, now named New Netherland, as can be seen by a Figurative Map hereunto annexed, and that for four Voyages within the term of three Years, commencing the first of January, Sixteen hundred and fifteen next ensuing, or sooner, without it being permitted to any other person from the United Netherlands, to sail to, navigate or frequent the said newly discovered lands, havens or places, either directly or indirectly, within the said three Years, on pain of Confiscation of the vessel and Cargo wherewith infraction hereof shall be attempted, and a fine of P'ifty thousand Netherland Ducats for the benefit of said discoverers or finders; provided, nevertheless, that by these presents We do not intend to prejudice or diminish any of our former grants or Charters; And it is also Our intention, that if any disputes or differences arise from these Our Concessions, they shall be decided by Ourselves.

12 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. We therefore expressly command all Governors, Justices, Officers, Magistrates and inhabitants of the aforesaid United Countries, that they allow the said Company peaceably and quietly to enjoy the whole benefit of this Our grant and consent, ceasing all contradictions and obstacles to the contrary. For such we have found to appertain to the public service.

We, therefore, in Our Assembly having heard the pertinent Report of the Petitioners, relative to the discoveries and finding of the said new Countries between the above named limits and degrees, and also of their adventures, have consented and granted, and by these presents do consent and grant, to the said Petitioners now united into one Company, that they shall be privileged exclusively to frequent or cause to be visited, the above newly discovered lands, situate in America between New France and Virginia, whereof the Sea coasts lie between the fortieth and forty fifth degrees of Latitude, now named New Netherland, as can be seen by a Figurative Map hereunto annexed, and that for four Voyages within the term of three Years, commencing the first of January, Sixteen hundred and fifteen next ensuing, or sooner, without it being permitted to any other person from the United Netherlands, to sail to, navigate or frequent the said newly discovered lands, havens or places, either directly or indirectly, within the said three Years, on pain of Confiscation of the vessel and Cargo wherewith infraction hereof shall be attempted, and a fine of P'ifty thousand Netherland Ducats for the benefit of said discoverers or finders; provided, nevertheless, that by these presents We do not intend to prejudice or diminish any of our former grants or Charters; And it is also Our intention, that if any disputes or differences arise from these Our Concessions, they shall be decided by Ourselves.

12 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. We therefore expressly command all Governors, Justices, Officers, Magistrates and inhabitants of the aforesaid United Countries, that they allow the said Company peaceably and quietly to enjoy the whole benefit of this Our grant and consent, ceasing all contradictions and obstacles to the contrary. For such we have found to appertain to the public service.

12 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. We therefore expressly command all Governors, Justices, Officers, Magistrates and inhabitants of the aforesaid United Countries, that they allow the said Company peaceably and quietly to enjoy the whole benefit of this Our grant and consent, ceasing all contradictions and obstacles to the contrary. For such we have found to appertain to the public service. Given under Our Seal, paraph and signature of our Secretary at the Hague the xi*'' of October 1614.

Charter for divers Traders who have discovered certain Nexo Countries, nth October, 1614. [ From the Act Book of the States Geaeral, id the Eoyal Archires at the Hague.]

[ This being a Duplicate of the Document immediately preceding, is omitted. -- Ed. ]

Resolution of the States General on a Report of fiirtJier Discoveries i7i New NetTierland,

[ From the Register of Resolutions of the State* General, in the Royal Archives at the Hague. ]

Thursday, the IS"" August 1616. Foiio2oi. Cornells Henricxs% Skipper, appears before the Assembly, assisted by Notary Carel van Geldre, on the behalf of Gerrit Jacob Witssen, Burgomaster at Amsterdam, Jonas Witssen, Lambrecht van Tweenhuyzen, Paulus Pelgrom cum suis, Directors of New Nctherlaud, extending from forty to five and forty degrees, situate in America New Neiheriand. between New France and Virginia, rendering a Report of the second Voyage, of the manner in which the aforesaid Skipper hath found and discovered a certain country, bay and three rivers, lying between the thirty eighth and the fortieth degree of Latitude (as is more fully to be seen by the Figurative Map;) in a small Yacht of about eight Lasts, named the Onrust (Restless.) Which little yacht they caused to be built in the aforesaid Country, where they employed the said Skipper in looking for new countries, havens, bays, rivers, &c.

Cornells Henricxs% Skipper, appears before the Assembly, assisted by Notary Carel van Geldre, on the behalf of Gerrit Jacob Witssen, Burgomaster at Amsterdam, Jonas Witssen, Lambrecht van Tweenhuyzen, Paulus Pelgrom cum suis, Directors of New Nctherlaud, extending from forty to five and forty degrees, situate in America New Neiheriand. between New France and Virginia, rendering a Report of the second Voyage, of the manner in which the aforesaid Skipper hath found and discovered a certain country, bay and three rivers, lying between the thirty eighth and the fortieth degree of Latitude (as is more fully to be seen by the Figurative Map;) in a small Yacht of about eight Lasts, named the Onrust (Restless.) Which little yacht they caused to be built in the aforesaid Country, where they employed the said Skipper in looking for new countries, havens, bays, rivers, &c. Requesting the privilege to trade exclusively to the aforesaid countries for the term of four years, according to their High Mightinesses' placard issued in March 1614. It is resolved, before determining herein, that the Comparants shall be ordered to render and transmit in writing the Report they have made.

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Memorial of Gerrit Jacobsen Witsen and others. Head \^th August., 1616. [ From the Original in the Eoyal Archives at the Hague, in Ihe Loketkas of the Slates General ; attached to a Parchment Map of New Netherland Letter K., No. 23. ]

It is resolved, before determining herein, that the Comparants shall be ordered to render and transmit in writing the Report they have made.

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HOLLAND DOCUMENTS: L 13

Memorial of Gerrit Jacobsen Witsen and others. Head \^th August., 1616. [ From the Original in the Eoyal Archives at the Hague, in Ihe Loketkas of the Slates General ; attached to a Parchment Map of New Netherland Letter K., No. 23. ]

To the High and Mighty Lords, the Lords States General &c. Respectfully represent Gerrit Jacob Witsen Burgomaster at Amsterdam, Jonas Witsen, Lambrecht van Tweenhuyzen, Paulus Pelgrom cum sociis, Directors of New Netherland, extending from 40 to 45 degrees, situate in America between New France and Virginia, that they have, at great and excessive expence, discovered and found a certain country, bay and three rivers situate in the Latitude of from 38 to 40 degrees, ( as is more fully to be seen by the Figurative Map hereunto annexed) in a small Yacht of about eight Lasts burthen, called the Restless, whereof Cornelis Henricksz" of Munnickendam is Skipper Which little yacht they, -- the Petitioners, caused to be built in the country there, and employed the aforesaid Cornelis Hendricksz" in the aforesaid Countries during the space of three years, in the above mentioned Yacht, looking for new countries, havens, bays and rivers. And whereas Your High and little

Mighty Lordships, did in March 1614, publish by Placard, that whosoever should discover any new countries, bays or rivers, the said finders and discoverers should enjoy for their discovery, the grants to trade and traffic exclusively for four Voyages to the aforesaid countries, on condition of making a Report thereof to Your High Mightinesses ; Therefore Your Petitioners turn to Your High Mightinesses, respectfully praying and requesting that You, High and Mighty Lords, may be pleased to hear the aforesaid Cornelis Hendrickxzen's Report, and to examine the aforesaid Map and Discovery, and to grant the Petitioners accordingly Charter of the exclusive trade to the aforesaid Countries, for the term of four years, according to the accompanying Placard [of the 27"" March 1614. ] Which doing etc.

Mighty Lordships, did in March 1614, publish by Placard, that whosoever should discover any new countries, bays or rivers, the said finders and discoverers should enjoy for their discovery, the grants to trade and traffic exclusively for four Voyages to the aforesaid countries, on condition of making a Report thereof to Your High Mightinesses ; Therefore Your Petitioners turn to Your High Mightinesses, respectfully praying and requesting that You, High and Mighty Lords, may be pleased to hear the aforesaid Cornelis Hendrickxzen's Report, and to examine the aforesaid Map and Discovery, and to grant the Petitioners accordingly Charter of the exclusive trade to the aforesaid Countries, for the term of four years, according to the accompanying Placard [of the 27"" March 1614. ] Which doing etc.

(Endorsed) Petition of Gerrit Jacob Witsen, Burgomaster at Amsterdam, Jonas Witsen, Lambrecht van Tweenhuyzen, Paulus Pelgrom cum sociis, Directors of New Netherland, etc. 1616.

Captain HendricksenHs Report of his Discoveries in New Netherland. [ From the Original ia the Royal Archives at the Hague ; File entitled Loopende. ]

Report of Captain Cornelis Hendricxz" of Munnickendam to the High and Mighty Lords States General of the Free, United Netherland Provinces, made on the xviii"" August A" J 616., of the countries, bay and three rivers situate in the Latitude from 38 to 40 degrees, by him discovered and found for and to the behoof of his Owners and Directors of New Netherland, by name Gerrit Jacob Witsen Burgomaster at Amsterdam, Jonas Witsen, Lambrecht van Tweenhuyzen, Paulus Pelgrom and othersof their Company.

Report of Captain Cornelis Hendricxz" of Munnickendam to the High and Mighty Lords States General of the Free, United Netherland Provinces, made on the xviii"" August A" J 616., of the countries, bay and three rivers situate in the Latitude from 38 to 40 degrees, by him discovered and found for and to the behoof of his Owners and Directors of New Netherland, by name Gerrit Jacob Witsen Burgomaster at Amsterdam, Jonas Witsen, Lambrecht van Tweenhuyzen, Paulus Pelgrom and othersof their Company.

First, he hath discovered for his aforesaid Masters and Directors, certain lands, a bay and three rivers situate between 38 and 40 degrees.

14 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. And did there trade with the Inhabitants; said trade consisting of Sables, Furs, Robes and other skins. He hath found the said Country full of trees, to wit: -- Oaks, hickory and pines; which trees were, in some places, covered with vines. He hath seen, in the said country, Bucks and does, turkeys and partridges. He hath found the climate of the said Country very temperate, judging it to be as temperate as that of this country, Holland. He also traded for, and bought from the inhabitants, the Minquaes, three persons, being people belonging to this Company; which three persons were employed in the service of the Mohawks and Machicans; giving for them kettles, beads and merchandize.

Read August 19, 1G16.

Resolution of the States General on the ^'receding Meport.

[ From the Register of the Resolutiona of the States General, in the Royal Archives at the Hague. ]

He hath found the climate of the said Country very temperate, judging it to be as temperate as that of this country, Holland. He also traded for, and bought from the inhabitants, the Minquaes, three persons, being people belonging to this Company; which three persons were employed in the service of the Mohawks and Machicans; giving for them kettles, beads and merchandize.

Read August 19, 1G16.

Resolution of the States General on the ^'receding Meport.

[ From the Register of the Resolutiona of the States General, in the Royal Archives at the Hague. ]

Friday the 19"" August, 1616. rono203. Read the Report rendered in writing by Captain Cornells Hendricksz. of Munnickendam, of the countries, bay and three rivers situate between 38 and 40 degrees of Latitude, by him found and discovered for and to the behoof of his Owners and Directors of New Netheriand. Nbw Ncthcrland, etc. Rcsolved, to make note thereof; then respecting the further request of a continuation of the Charter, the consideration thereof is postponed.

Resolution of the States General on the Petition of Gerrit J. Witsen and others.

[From the Register of the Resolutions of the States General, in the Royal Archives of the Hague.]

Monday, the 12. September 1616. Read the Petition of Gerrit Jacob Witsen, antient Burgomaster of the City Folio 216.

Amsterdam, Jonas Witsen, Lambrecht van Tweenhuyzen and Paulus Pelgrojn cum sociis, Directors of New Directors of the Company Ji of New i o a Charter for Netheriand, requesting Netheriand. theiBselves, of the exclusive trade to those Lands from this country for four years, under the pains and penalties expressed in the aforesaid General Placard, but no final disposition was made thereof.

Read the Petition of Gerrit Jacob Witsen, antient Burgomaster of the City Folio 216.

Amsterdam, Jonas Witsen, Lambrecht van Tweenhuyzen and Paulus Pelgrojn cum sociis, Directors of New Directors of the Company Ji of New i o a Charter for Netheriand, requesting Netheriand. theiBselves, of the exclusive trade to those Lands from this country for four years, under the pains and penalties expressed in the aforesaid General Placard, but no final disposition was made thereof.

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS: I. 15

Further Resolution of the States General on the Petition of Mr. Witsen.

[ From the Kegiater of Eesolutions of the States O-eneral, in the Eoyal Archives at the Hague. ]

Thursday, the S-* of November 1616. Folio 272. Read the Petition of Gerrit Jacob Wittsen Burgomaster at Amsterdam, Jonas Wittsen, Lambrecht van Tweenhuysen, Pauwels Pelgrom and partners. Requesting, in as New Neiheriand. much as they have discovered by their Skipper Cornelis Henricxsen van jOTnTrieT."^""'"'" Mounickeudam, with a yacht of about Eight lasts, certain countries situate in

Latitude thirty eight to forty degrees, between New France and Virginia, adjoining the country heretofore discovered by the Petitioners and by them called New Netherland, etc., that their High Mightinesses would be pleased to grant them the Charter they demand. But the disposal thereof is again postponed.

Resolution of the States General on the petition of L. van Tweenhmjzen and others. [From the Register of Eesolutions of the States General, in the Royal Archives at the Hague. ]

Wednesday, 18"" January 1617. Read the Petition of Lambert van Tweenhuyzen, Jacques Nicquet, Claes Jacobse Divers Merchanis.

Latitude thirty eight to forty degrees, between New France and Virginia, adjoining the country heretofore discovered by the Petitioners and by them called New Netherland, etc., that their High Mightinesses would be pleased to grant them the Charter they demand. But the disposal thereof is again postponed.

Resolution of the States General on the petition of L. van Tweenhmjzen and others. [From the Register of Eesolutions of the States General, in the Royal Archives at the Hague. ]

Wednesday, 18"" January 1617. Read the Petition of Lambert van Tweenhuyzen, Jacques Nicquet, Claes Jacobse Divers Merchanis.

Harencarspel, Pieter Evertse Hulft, and company, Merchants and Burghers of Amsterdam, requesting to be assisted by the State with a ship of war to realize some profit and advantage TerraNova. in the Celebrated and uscful trade and fishery of Terra Nova; but the disposal

thereof was postponed.

Interdict to print and publish a Journal of Voyages.

Resolution of the States of Holland and Westfriesland, dated 29"" July, 1617.

wiliemjanez.atihe On the pctitiou of the Directors of the Australian Company, it is ordered, and Bterdam, is inter. a letter is written to Willem Jansz. residing on the Water side at Amsterdam, or printinpthe J( to interdict him from proceeding any further with the composition and printing

Australian Compa- of the Journals, Maps and Charts of the Voyage lately made on the part of the ny Irom the Norlb into the South Sea. aforesaid Company, from the North into the South Sea, but that he send over all the pieces, with declaration from whose hands he hath received them, or come over himself here with them, without leaving any of them behind or retaining them, on pain of other proceedings against his person.

Australian Compa- of the Journals, Maps and Charts of the Voyage lately made on the part of the ny Irom the Norlb into the South Sea. aforesaid Company, from the North into the South Sea, but that he send over all the pieces, with declaration from whose hands he hath received them, or come over himself here with them, without leaving any of them behind or retaining them, on pain of other proceedings against his person.

16 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS.

Interdict to correct existing Maps.

Resolution of the States of Holland and Westfriesland, dated S""* August, 1617.

Map of ihe souih- Having seen the Answer of the Directors of the Australian or South Company em passage "' '

' ^^ ^^^ Writing of Willem Jansz. regarding what he proposes to correct on the Globc and to publlsh in the Map in relation to the new found Channel, Strait or New Passage. Passage from the North into the South Sea; it is Resolved thereupon to notify the aforesaid Willem Jansz., that he shall not presume to correct the Globe, or the printed or written Map, nor in any other manner to publish or cause to be published the aforesaid discovered Strait, Water, Countries, Islands, or Coasts discovered there, but to keep himself strictly and

specially holden as interdicted, as such is considered for the Public good; on pain of other proceedings being taken, as may be proper, against him, according as shall be determined against one who contemns the Supreme Authority's Commands and hath incurred its indignation.

Passage from the North into the South Sea; it is Resolved thereupon to notify the aforesaid Willem Jansz., that he shall not presume to correct the Globe, or the printed or written Map, nor in any other manner to publish or cause to be published the aforesaid discovered Strait, Water, Countries, Islands, or Coasts discovered there, but to keep himself strictly and

specially holden as interdicted, as such is considered for the Public good; on pain of other proceedings being taken, as may be proper, against him, according as shall be determined against one who contemns the Supreme Authority's Commands and hath incurred its indignation.

Address of Sir Dudley Carleton to the States General. [ From Ihe Original in tlie Eoyal Arctiives at tlie Hague ; File entilled Engeland.\

Messieurs! have express Orders from the King my Master, to accompany the petition I hold here ready

to present to Your Lordships, with his Majesty's serious recommendations; the petition is exhibited by Captain Thomas Dale, an English Knight, who having a Company of foot in Your Lordships' service, absented himself with Your permission granted at the instance of Henry, late Prince of Wales, of glorious memory, for the space of some years, having command and authority for planting a Colony of the English Nation in the Country of Virginia, whereof he hath acquitted himself with reputation and honor to himself, to his Majesty's satisfaction and to the publick advantage, in as much as by signal patience, diligence and valor, he overcame divers serious difficulties and dangers and finally established a good and permanent settlement all along a river navigable for seventy leagues into the interior and by that means ;

to present to Your Lordships, with his Majesty's serious recommendations; the petition is exhibited by Captain Thomas Dale, an English Knight, who having a Company of foot in Your Lordships' service, absented himself with Your permission granted at the instance of Henry, late Prince of Wales, of glorious memory, for the space of some years, having command and authority for planting a Colony of the English Nation in the Country of Virginia, whereof he hath acquitted himself with reputation and honor to himself, to his Majesty's satisfaction and to the publick advantage, in as much as by signal patience, diligence and valor, he overcame divers serious difficulties and dangers and finally established a good and permanent settlement all along a river navigable for seventy leagues into the interior and by that means ;

hath preserved it to God, by the exercise of Religion which is introduced there, and to Man, by the augmentation of Commerce. Several of the nation, as well Lords as other Gentlemen of quality and honor, have considerably contributed to this design. But two of our Captains (Sir Thomas Gates and this one of whom I now speak,) have promoted it more than any other. Chevalier Gates found by the hearty welcome he experienced from Your Lordships on his return, by the present you made him of the entire amount of his pay during his absence, that his duties were agreeable to you. Your Lordships, on the testimony his Majesty bears of Chevalier Dale's good demeanor on that occasion, and on the recommendation He makes in his behalf, will, if it please You, be happy to receive his petition and, for. the reasons it contains, do him the same favor.

Chevalier Gates found by the hearty welcome he experienced from Your Lordships on his return, by the present you made him of the entire amount of his pay during his absence, that his duties were agreeable to you. Your Lordships, on the testimony his Majesty bears of Chevalier Dale's good demeanor on that occasion, and on the recommendation He makes in his behalf, will, if it please You, be happy to receive his petition and, for. the reasons it contains, do him the same favor.

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS: I. 17 Which his Majesty will take in very good part, as done out of respect for him, and will acknowledge with like regard all that will be recommended to him on Your side.

Presented in the Assembly of the States General of the United Provinces, on the Se"- day of January 1618. (Signed) Dudley Carleton.

M. Noel de Carcn to the States General. [ From the Origioal in the Royal Archives at the Hague ; File entitled Engeland. ]

High and Mighty, Potent, Noble and right Discreet Lords. My Lords, Sir Thomas Dale has stated to me that he was permitted about five or six years ago by your Miglitinesses to proceed to Virginia, and had gone thither. He has returned here about a year ago : but, as he represents, has since been very sick and feeble, so that he could not before now present himself to Your iSlightinesses. He requests my letters to you, High and Mighty, and says he carries with him letters from his Majesty also, to Ambassador Carleton- He likewise says, he has been long in the public service ; so that [ consider Your Mightinesses should please to entertain the matter, inasmuch as his voyage was undertaken with Your Mightinesses' Consent and Knowledge for the space of five years, as he says.

He has returned here about a year ago : but, as he represents, has since been very sick and feeble, so that he could not before now present himself to Your iSlightinesses. He requests my letters to you, High and Mighty, and says he carries with him letters from his Majesty also, to Ambassador Carleton- He likewise says, he has been long in the public service ; so that [ consider Your Mightinesses should please to entertain the matter, inasmuch as his voyage was undertaken with Your Mightinesses' Consent and Knowledge for the space of five years, as he says. And, although I know his Majesty's letters are fully sufficient to promote his recommendation, yet being solicited by the Earl of Southampton and him, I could not refuse to accede to his Lordship's and his own request, well knowing that whatever is reasonable and just will be. done therein. And so these serve no other purpose. I shall pray God Higii, Mighty, Potent, Noble, Wise and right Discreet Lords, to maintain You in a prosperous government. Your High and Mighty Lordships' From South Lambeth Humble and obedient Servant, the ii. December 1617. Old Style. (Signed) Noel de Caron. Rec. 26 January 1618.

Petition of Sir Thomas Dale^ and the Order thereupon. [ From the Original in the Eoyal ArchiTes at the Hague ; File entitled Zoopende. ]

To the Noble, High and Mighty Lords, the Lords the States General of the United Netherlands.

S'' Thomas Dad, Knight, Captain of a Company in Your High Mightinesses' service, most respectfully represents -- That he, the Petitioner, having served this country about thirty Vol. I. 3

Rec. 26 January 1618.

Petition of Sir Thomas Dale^ and the Order thereupon. [ From the Original in the Eoyal ArchiTes at the Hague ; File entitled Zoopende. ]

To the Noble, High and Mighty Lords, the Lords the States General of the United Netherlands.

S'' Thomas Dad, Knight, Captain of a Company in Your High Mightinesses' service, most respectfully represents -- That he, the Petitioner, having served this country about thirty Vol. I. 3

18 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS.

years, first as a Soldier and last as Caplain, Henry Prince of Wales of glorious Memory, wrote some years ago both to Your Higli Mightinesses and to Ambassador Winwood,i to obtain leave of absence for the petitioner, which having obtained from Your High Mightinesses, he sailed, with Commission from the Most Noble Prince, to Virginia in the West Indies, to introduce and plant there the Christian Religion and God's Word, also to establish a firm market there for the benefit and increase of trade, he, the petitioner, leaving here his Company which be received when burdened with great debts and expenses, and departed in the firm confidence that he might pay some of those debts with his allowance during his absence. But the petitioner having continued some time in Virginia, in his aforesaid employment, intending to return here again to his service, the Most Noble Prince came to die. Whereupon his Royal iNIajesty himself, noting the petitioner's faithful duty performed in the aforesaid Country for the propagation of God's Word and the promotion of trade, wrote repeatedly to him, commanding that he should continue in his undertaken work until the last year, sixteen hundred and seventeen, wiien he, the petitioner, was first released with his Royal Majesty's consent, from his charge, and immediately repaired hither with letters of recommendation from his Royal Majesty to his Ambassador here, to be aiding to the petitioner in his request to your High Mightinesses.

Whereupon his Royal iNIajesty himself, noting the petitioner's faithful duty performed in the aforesaid Country for the propagation of God's Word and the promotion of trade, wrote repeatedly to him, commanding that he should continue in his undertaken work until the last year, sixteen hundred and seventeen, wiien he, the petitioner, was first released with his Royal Majesty's consent, from his charge, and immediately repaired hither with letters of recommendation from his Royal Majesty to his Ambassador here, to be aiding to the petitioner in his request to your High Mightinesses. In conformity whereunto, the petitioner finding his Company still under the burden of the above named heavy debts, with which he first received it, and had at his departure leftit, hereby turns to Your High Mightinesses, confidently requesting that, in your bounty, you would be pleased to make good his ordinary monthly allowance for the period of his absence, and grant him an Order for his pay, so that he may thereby have the means to relieve himself, at once, of his great indebtedness here, and to continue as a faithful Servant in Your High Mightinesses Service. (Signed) Thomas Dale.

( At the side was:) Let this petition with the annexed recommendation of his Majesty the King of Great Britan's Ambassador, made by his Majesty's order, be placed in the hands of the Council of State, to communicate their advice thereupon to their High Mightinesses, in order to, etc. Done the xxvi January, 161S. ( Signed ) C : Aerssens. 1618.

In conformity whereunto, the petitioner finding his Company still under the burden of the above named heavy debts, with which he first received it, and had at his departure leftit, hereby turns to Your High Mightinesses, confidently requesting that, in your bounty, you would be pleased to make good his ordinary monthly allowance for the period of his absence, and grant him an Order for his pay, so that he may thereby have the means to relieve himself, at once, of his great indebtedness here, and to continue as a faithful Servant in Your High Mightinesses Service. (Signed) Thomas Dale.

( At the side was:) Let this petition with the annexed recommendation of his Majesty the King of Great Britan's Ambassador, made by his Majesty's order, be placed in the hands of the Council of State, to communicate their advice thereupon to their High Mightinesses, in order to, etc. Done the xxvi January, 161S. ( Signed ) C : Aerssens. 1618.

(And further.) The States General of the United Netherlands. Having heard the advice of the Council of State on the petitioner's request, contained in this petition, and having paid attention principally to the recommendation of Sir Carleton, the King of Great Britain's Ambassador, made by his Majesty's Order and presented in writing to their High Mightinesses, their High Mightinesses have granted and hereby do grant (without the same being drawn into precedent), that the petitioner shall be remunerated by the indemnity and payment of the half of his wages during

Having heard the advice of the Council of State on the petitioner's request, contained in this petition, and having paid attention principally to the recommendation of Sir Carleton, the King of Great Britain's Ambassador, made by his Majesty's Order and presented in writing to their High Mightinesses, their High Mightinesses have granted and hereby do grant (without the same being drawn into precedent), that the petitioner shall be remunerated by the indemnity and payment of the half of his wages during

' Sir Ralph Winwood was born about the year loGo, in Northamptonshire, and studied at Oxford. He was Ambassador successively to France and Holland, and Secretary of State from 1614 to his death in 1617. Memorials of Affairs of State in the Reigns of Elizabeth and James I, collected principally from his papers, have been published, in 3 volumes, folio, in 1725, by Edmund Sawyer, Esq. -- Ed.

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS: L 1§ the time of his absence, to wit, seven years, the resolution at the time of his leave of absence to the contrary notwithstanding. Done the vi. of February 161S. By Order of the aforesaid Lords States General. (Signed) C. Aerssens.

(Endorsed) Petition for S"" Thomas Dael, Knight and Captain in the service of the High and jMighty Lords the States General of the United Netherlands. 26"' January 161S.

Resolution of the States General^ referring Sir Thomas Dales Petition.

[From the Kegisler of Keaolutions of the States General, in the Eoyal Archiycs at the Hague.]

Friday, 26 January 1615 Folio 18. Ambassador from the King of Great Britain, appeared in the Sir Carleton, * Ambassador Carle- '"I- Assembly, and by his Majesty's Order, first verbally and afterwards in writing Daei. inserted hereafter, very earnestly recommended the petition of Sir Thomas Duel, Knight, Captain in the public service, returned from Virginia, whither he was permitted by their High Mightinesses to proceed some years ago, on the serious recommendation of the Prince of Wales of glorious memory, in order that their High Mightinesses would be pleased to allow the Petitioner his ordinary allowance during the time of his absence, and to grant him an order for the payment, so that he may thereby discharge his debts.

Ambassador from the King of Great Britain, appeared in the Sir Carleton, * Ambassador Carle- '"I- Assembly, and by his Majesty's Order, first verbally and afterwards in writing Daei. inserted hereafter, very earnestly recommended the petition of Sir Thomas Duel, Knight, Captain in the public service, returned from Virginia, whither he was permitted by their High Mightinesses to proceed some years ago, on the serious recommendation of the Prince of Wales of glorious memory, in order that their High Mightinesses would be pleased to allow the Petitioner his ordinary allowance during the time of his absence, and to grant him an order for the payment, so that he may thereby discharge his debts. And upon deliberation it is resolved, before disposing thereof, to obtain the advice of the Council of State.

Resolution of the Council of State of the United Netherlands. [ From the Register of Resolutions of the Council of State, in tho Eoyal Archives at the Hague. ]

Monday, the xxix"" January 161S. Captain Daei. On the petition of Captain S" Thomas Dael, to advise the High and Mighty Lords States General, that it is the opinion of the Council, under correction, that the petitioner may for this once and without forming a precedent, be rewarded with the payment of half his wages during the time of his absence, being seven years, out of consideration of the favorable recommendation made and presented by Ambassador Carleton, by order of his Royal Majesty of Great Britain, in writing, in their High Mightinesses Assembly, and in regard what he hath effected in Virginia, that the petitioner is a resolute, serviceable person, and is very remarkable; unless their High Mightinesses may, on account of the aforesaid recommendation and for other causes, be pleased to take a more favorable view of this case.

On the petition of Captain S" Thomas Dael, to advise the High and Mighty Lords States General, that it is the opinion of the Council, under correction, that the petitioner may for this once and without forming a precedent, be rewarded with the payment of half his wages during the time of his absence, being seven years, out of consideration of the favorable recommendation made and presented by Ambassador Carleton, by order of his Royal Majesty of Great Britain, in writing, in their High Mightinesses Assembly, and in regard what he hath effected in Virginia, that the petitioner is a resolute, serviceable person, and is very remarkable; unless their High Mightinesses may, on account of the aforesaid recommendation and for other causes, be pleased to take a more favorable view of this case.

2Q NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS.

Resolution of the States General on the Opinion of the Council of State.

I From Ihe Register of Resolutions of the States General, in the Royal Archives, at the Hagae. ]

Saturday, the S'' of February 161S.

i'oiio28. Read the opinion of the Council of State, on the petition of Thomas Dael, captDaei. Knight, dated 30"" January last, purporting that, for reasons therein set forth, and especially out of regard for Ambassador Carleton's recommendation, made and presented to their High Mightinesses in writing on behalf, and by order, of his Royal Majesty of Great Britain, they consider that, although this matter is of evil consequence to the public in respect to all other Captains and officers in this country's service, yet the gratification of the petitioner somewhat on his request cannot be well avoided; and that it is, therefore, deemed advisable, for this once, and without its ever being drawn forwardby any person as a precedent, that he may be gratified with the payment of the half of his, the petitioner's, wages during the long period of his absence, being seven years, unless their High Mightinesses may be pleased to take a more favorable view of the matter, by reason of the aforesaid recommendation and that the petitioner is a person of resolution and of use, and that it is also very remarkable what he hath effected in Virginia.

Knight, dated 30"" January last, purporting that, for reasons therein set forth, and especially out of regard for Ambassador Carleton's recommendation, made and presented to their High Mightinesses in writing on behalf, and by order, of his Royal Majesty of Great Britain, they consider that, although this matter is of evil consequence to the public in respect to all other Captains and officers in this country's service, yet the gratification of the petitioner somewhat on his request cannot be well avoided; and that it is, therefore, deemed advisable, for this once, and without its ever being drawn forwardby any person as a precedent, that he may be gratified with the payment of the half of his, the petitioner's, wages during the long period of his absence, being seven years, unless their High Mightinesses may be pleased to take a more favorable view of the matter, by reason of the aforesaid recommendation and that the petitioner is a person of resolution and of use, and that it is also very remarkable what he hath effected in Virginia. But the final resolution thereupon is postponed until Monday.

Resolution of the States General approving the Report of the Council of State.

[ From the Register of Resol utions of the States General, in the Royal ArchiTes at the Hague. ]

Tuesday, the C" February 1618. Folio 82. The opinion of the Council of State of the 30 January last, on the petition of Capt. Dael. Captain Thomas Dael, Knight, opened here on the 3"^ ins' being considered, their High Mightinesses for reasons therein contained, but principally out of respect for the strong recommendation of M. Carleton presented on the part, and by order, of his Royal Majesty of Great Britain to this Assembly, have approved that written opinion; and directed accordingly, that the Petitioner shall be gratified with the payment of half his wages for the time of his absence, namely, seven years, without it, however, being drawn into precedent.

Captain Thomas Dael, Knight, opened here on the 3"^ ins' being considered, their High Mightinesses for reasons therein contained, but principally out of respect for the strong recommendation of M. Carleton presented on the part, and by order, of his Royal Majesty of Great Britain to this Assembly, have approved that written opinion; and directed accordingly, that the Petitioner shall be gratified with the payment of half his wages for the time of his absence, namely, seven years, without it, however, being drawn into precedent.

Further Resolution of tJie States General in the matter of Sir Thomas Dale. I From the EeEister of Resolutions of the States General, in the Royal Archives at the Hagno. ]

Friday, the 9"' February 1G18. Fuiioss. -pi^g resolution of the G"- inst., adopted by their High Mightinesses on the petition CaptDaei. of Sir Thomas Dael, Knight, Captain of a Company in this country's service,

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS: I. 21

being reconsidered witli the previous opinion of the Council of State, and special attention being paid to the recommendation of M. Carleton, Ambassador from the King of Great Britain, made and presented in writing by his Majesty's Order to their High Mightinesses, also the relation which the service, performed by the petitioner in Virginia, hath with this country, their High Mightinesses have agreed and hereby consent that the petitioner shall be gratified by the payment of his full wages for the time of his absence, to wit, seven years, the resolution adopted at the time of his absence to the contrary notwithstanding, without, however, the same being drawn into precedent. Ordering; that for such purpose, this resolution shall be communicated to the Council of State for execution.

Carleton, Ambassador from the King of Great Britain, made and presented in writing by his Majesty's Order to their High Mightinesses, also the relation which the service, performed by the petitioner in Virginia, hath with this country, their High Mightinesses have agreed and hereby consent that the petitioner shall be gratified by the payment of his full wages for the time of his absence, to wit, seven years, the resolution adopted at the time of his absence to the contrary notwithstanding, without, however, the same being drawn into precedent. Ordering; that for such purpose, this resolution shall be communicated to the Council of State for execution.

Permission to William Jansen to piMish his Chart.

Resolution of the Lords States of Holland and Westvriesland : dated 10 August, 161S.

Petition of wiiiem On the petition of Wiilem Jansz., Burgher at Amsterdam, complaining that he is at^,.,, li-iii Jansz. Burgher Araaierdam.iopublish a chart of the torbidden to publish the chart of the new passaare discovered by '^ J the fa Australian

AuTtrS^" "com- Company, and that such was done here by others to his loss; it is concluded, ""'^' although it were preferable that the chart should not have been published, yet not to render the petitioner's case worse than others', he is allowed to publish the chart.

Resolution of the States General on the trade to New Netherland. [ From the Register of Kesolutions of the Stales General, in the Royal Archives at the Hague. ]

Thursday, 4 October 16 J S. Folio 267. Read the petition of the Company trading to the island of New Netherland, New Netherland. requesting the continuance of their charter for some years longer to trade exclusively to the aforesaid Island. But it is resolved, before disposing thereof, first to see and reconsider the aforesaid petitioners' charter.

Resolution of the States General on the trade to New Netherland. [ From the Register of Kesolutions of the Stales General, in the Royal Archives at the Hague. ]

Thursday, 4 October 16 J S. Folio 267. Read the petition of the Company trading to the island of New Netherland, New Netherland. requesting the continuance of their charter for some years longer to trade exclusively to the aforesaid Island. But it is resolved, before disposing thereof, first to see and reconsider the aforesaid petitioners' charter.

Resolution of the States General on the Petition of Hendrich Elhins.

[From the Register of Resolutions of the Slates General in the Royal Archives at the Hagne. ]

Tuesday the 9"> October 1618. roiio272. Read the petition of Henrick Eelkins and Adriaen Jansse Engel cum sociis, all '"' andcompany! merchants residing at Amsterdam, associates and partners in what is called the

22 * NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. New Netlierland Company, which their Higii Mightinesses have incorporated for the term of four successive years, whereof the fourth and last year hath expired in January last ; requesting that, in consequence of said expiration and of their, the petitioners', having already prepared A Shi to New ^ ®'i'P named the Schilt to proceed thither, their High Mightinesses would be Neiheriand. pjeased to grant them a favorable permission, in order that they may perform the aforesaid voyage without any opposition from their former partners. Their High Mightinesses have consented hereunto, because, and by reason, of the expiration of the charter granted to the petitioners, and therefore permit them to perform their intended voyage to New Netherland with their prepared ship herein mentioned.

New Netlierland Company, which their Higii Mightinesses have incorporated for the term of four successive years, whereof the fourth and last year hath expired in January last ; requesting that, in consequence of said expiration and of their, the petitioners', having already prepared A Shi to New ^ ®'i'P named the Schilt to proceed thither, their High Mightinesses would be Neiheriand. pjeased to grant them a favorable permission, in order that they may perform the aforesaid voyage without any opposition from their former partners. Their High Mightinesses have consented hereunto, because, and by reason, of the expiration of the charter granted to the petitioners, and therefore permit them to perform their intended voyage to New Netherland with their prepared ship herein mentioned.

Resulution of the States General., on the Colonization of New Netherland. [ From the Register of Resolutions of the States General, in llie Royal Archives at the Hague. ]

Wednesday, 12 February 1620. Read the ^petition of tlie Directors of the Company o to New Netherland, Folio 45. r trading New Netherland ./

^.ompany. situate between i\ew France and Virginia, in thel atitude of from forty to fortyfive degrees, that the aforesaid Island might be peopled under their High Mightinesses' protection and government, whereunto they request two ships of war. But it is resolved, before disposing thereof, to procure the opinion of the deputies from tiie Board of Admiralty who are invited here for the 15"" inst.

Petition of the Directors of the New Netherland Compamj. [From the Original in the Eoyal Archives at the Hague; File entitled Admirritileit.'i

^.ompany. situate between i\ew France and Virginia, in thel atitude of from forty to fortyfive degrees, that the aforesaid Island might be peopled under their High Mightinesses' protection and government, whereunto they request two ships of war. But it is resolved, before disposing thereof, to procure the opinion of the deputies from tiie Board of Admiralty who are invited here for the 15"" inst.

Petition of the Directors of the New Netherland Compamj. [From the Original in the Eoyal Archives at the Hague; File entitled Admirritileit.'i

To the Prince of Orange, &c.

utie!"nueBoa?dor The Dircctors of the Company trading to New Netherland, situate in latitude 4vited'herrf°r fhc ffom 40 to 45 dcgrecs, between New France and Virginia, reverently represent i2Fe™i62o. (Sign- that they, the petitioners, have, as discoverers and first finders of said countries, i62i». traded thither nov? several years, in virtue of a certain general Charter from the High and Mighty Lords States General, dated the lO"" March 1G14; that they, also, have delivered to their High Migiitinesses their written report, with a map of the situation and usefulness of said countries. And wiiereas the petitioners' Cliarter has expired, so that every one is now at liberty to trade there, they have again sent thither two ships, in order to preserve the reputation of said trade; some vessels liave been likewise sent by other traders exclusive of the Company. Now it happens, that there is residing at Leyden a certain English Preacher, versed in the Dutch language, who is well inclined to proceed thither to live,

utie!"nueBoa?dor The Dircctors of the Company trading to New Netherland, situate in latitude 4vited'herrf°r fhc ffom 40 to 45 dcgrecs, between New France and Virginia, reverently represent i2Fe™i62o. (Sign- that they, the petitioners, have, as discoverers and first finders of said countries, i62i». traded thither nov? several years, in virtue of a certain general Charter from the High and Mighty Lords States General, dated the lO"" March 1G14; that they, also, have delivered to their High Migiitinesses their written report, with a map of the situation and usefulness of said countries. And wiiereas the petitioners' Cliarter has expired, so that every one is now at liberty to trade there, they have again sent thither two ships, in order to preserve the reputation of said trade; some vessels liave been likewise sent by other traders exclusive of the Company. Now it happens, that there is residing at Leyden a certain English Preacher, versed in the Dutch language, who is well inclined to proceed thither to live,

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS: I. 23

assuring the petitioners tliat lie lias the means of inducing over four Iiundred families to accompany him thither, both out of this country and England, provided they would be guarded and preserved from all violence on the part of other potentates, by the authority and under the protection of your Princely Excellency and the High and Mighty Lords States General, in the propagation of the true, pure Christian religion, in the instruction of the Indians in that country in true learning, and in converting them to the Christian Faith, and thus, through the mercy of the Lord, to the greater glory of this country's government, to plant there a new Commonwealth, all under the order and command of your Princely Excellency and the High and Mighty Lords Stales General. And whereas they, the petitioners, have experienced that his Majesty of Great Britain would be disposed to people the aforesaid lands with the English nation, and by force to render fruitless their possession and discovery, and thus deprive this State of its right, and apparently with ease surprize the ships of this country which are there, and are ordered to remain there the whole year; wherefore, they, the petitioners, pray and request that your Princely Excellency may benignly please to take all the aforesaid into favorable consideration, so tliat, for the preservation of this country's rights, the aforesaid Minister and the four hundred families may be taken under the protection of this country, and that two ships of war may be provisionally despatched to secure to the state the aforesaid Countries, inasmuch as they would be of much importance, whenever the West India Company is established, in respect to the large abundance of timber fit for ship building &c., as may be seen by the accompanying report.

And whereas they, the petitioners, have experienced that his Majesty of Great Britain would be disposed to people the aforesaid lands with the English nation, and by force to render fruitless their possession and discovery, and thus deprive this State of its right, and apparently with ease surprize the ships of this country which are there, and are ordered to remain there the whole year; wherefore, they, the petitioners, pray and request that your Princely Excellency may benignly please to take all the aforesaid into favorable consideration, so tliat, for the preservation of this country's rights, the aforesaid Minister and the four hundred families may be taken under the protection of this country, and that two ships of war may be provisionally despatched to secure to the state the aforesaid Countries, inasmuch as they would be of much importance, whenever the West India Company is established, in respect to the large abundance of timber fit for ship building &c., as may be seen by the accompanying report. On all which

(Endorsed) Petition of the Directors of the Company trading to New Netherland. 12 February, 1620.

Resolution of the States General on the Report of the Board of Admiralty respecting the foregoing Petition.

[ From the Eegisler of Eesolutions of the States General, in the Archives at the Hague. ]

Wednesday, the 26"" February 1620. Folio 63. The Deputies present from the Board of Admiralty have presented to their ^'§^^ Mightiuesses, iu Writing, its opinion on the petition presented by the New''" Netheriand Company. Dircctors of the Company trading to New Netherland, hereinbefore inserted ; and insoriion. ^i,g aforesaid opinion being read, and considered, it is resolved, before disposing thereof, that his Excellency shall be consulted and his opinion obtained.

[ From the Eegisler of Eesolutions of the States General, in the Archives at the Hague. ]

Wednesday, the 26"" February 1620. Folio 63. The Deputies present from the Board of Admiralty have presented to their ^'§^^ Mightiuesses, iu Writing, its opinion on the petition presented by the New''" Netheriand Company. Dircctors of the Company trading to New Netherland, hereinbefore inserted ; and insoriion. ^i,g aforesaid opinion being read, and considered, it is resolved, before disposing thereof, that his Excellency shall be consulted and his opinion obtained.

24 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS.

Further Resolution of the States General on the preceding Petition.

[ From Ihe Register of Eesolutions of the States General, ia the Eoyal Archives at the Hague. ]

Tuesday, the lO"" March, 1620. FoiioTs. Resolved, that the opinion of his Excellency shall be first obtained on the

Company. Petition presented by the Directors of the Company trading to New Netherland, before acting on it and on the advice of the Deputies from the Board of Admiralty.

Further lie-solution of the States General.

[ From the Register of Eesolntions of the States General, in the Royal Archives at the Hague. ]

Friday, the 10'" of April, 1620. Folio iia Read the petition of the Directors of the Nevr Netherland Company, that their que opinion thereupon.

Resolution of the States General on the Petition of the Neio Netherland Company.

[From the Register of Resolutions of the States General, in the Royal Archives at the Hague.]

Saturday, the 11 April, 1620. Foiioiis. The petition of tiie Directors of the New Netherland Company, that they. New Company. Netherland . tor the ,

Friday, the 10'" of April, 1620. Folio iia Read the petition of the Directors of the Nevr Netherland Company, that their que opinion thereupon.

Resolution of the States General on the Petition of the Neio Netherland Company.

[From the Register of Resolutions of the States General, in the Royal Archives at the Hague.]

Saturday, the 11 April, 1620. Foiioiis. The petition of tiie Directors of the New Netherland Company, that they. New Company. Netherland . tor the ,

peopuug ,. of <-,,,, , .

said Island, may be assisted with two ships war, , . , , . ,.

of is

again rejected.

Resolution of the States General on further Petitions to trade to New Netherland. [ From the Register of Resolutions of the States General, in the Royal Archives at the Hague. ]

Saturday, 29"" August, 1620. Folio 263. Rgad the petition of the Joint Owners of the Ship^ named the Glad Tidings '^ ° (de The owners of the '

^" ^h^^ bootsckapj whereof Cornells Jacobsen Mey of Hoorn is commander, who """ *''"'' di"n'''s

New found Country, having discovered some new Countries populous and fertile, abounding in all sorts of Timber and never discovered before, pray that their High Mightinesses maj' be pleased to hear

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS: I. 25 the Report of the Skipper who made the voyage, and allow the petitioners the benefit of their High Mightinesses' Charter, dated 27thMarch XVI"" xiv, and to declare, moreover, within what time they shall have to perform the four voyages therein mentioned. Item, another petition of Henrick Eeikens, Adriaen Janssen cum suis, Merchants at Chartered to New Amsterdam, having had a charter to trade exclusively to New Netherland, Netheriand. discovered by them, situate from the thirty-fourth to about the fiftieth degrees, requesting that their High Mightinesses would be pleased to reject and refuse all grants that may have been demanded, or still will be demanded of them, regarding the Trade on the Coasts, or any of the Rivers of New Netiieriand, and to allow the petitioners and other merchants of this Country to continue in the free trade they are pursuing there, and further to equip some ships which they have in a sufficient state of forwardness.

Item, another petition of Henrick Eeikens, Adriaen Janssen cum suis, Merchants at Chartered to New Amsterdam, having had a charter to trade exclusively to New Netherland, Netheriand. discovered by them, situate from the thirty-fourth to about the fiftieth degrees, requesting that their High Mightinesses would be pleased to reject and refuse all grants that may have been demanded, or still will be demanded of them, regarding the Trade on the Coasts, or any of the Rivers of New Netiieriand, and to allow the petitioners and other merchants of this Country to continue in the free trade they are pursuing there, and further to equip some ships which they have in a sufficient state of forwardness. The aforesaid Petitions having been read, both parties are called in, and having appeared with the respective Skippers who made the Voyages and being heard, it is, on question having been put, resolved, that parties shall consult together and see if they cannot agree in a friendly manner.

Resolution of the States General refusing the Prayer of said Petitions.

I From the Register of ResolutionB of the States General, in the Royal Arch'iTea at the Hague. ]

Friday, the 6"' Novemb"' 1620. Folio 329. New Neiheriand. Mess" Pauw and Fervau reported their proceedings between both parties of the Merchants claiming New Netherland, endeavoring to reconcile them. But as that could not be done, it is, after consideration, resolved and concluded that the requested Charter shall be refused.

Proceedings on the Petition of Traders to Virginia^ &c.

I From the Register of ResolutionB of the States General, in the Royal Arch'iTea at the Hague. ]

Friday, the 6"' Novemb"' 1620. Folio 329. New Neiheriand. Mess" Pauw and Fervau reported their proceedings between both parties of the Merchants claiming New Netherland, endeavoring to reconcile them. But as that could not be done, it is, after consideration, resolved and concluded that the requested Charter shall be refused.

Proceedings on the Petition of Traders to Virginia^ &c.

Resolution of the States of Holland and Westvriesland, dated 13 Sept^ 1621.

Petition of the general Guinea and Vir- Read a rpetition from Gerrit van Schoudhoven and other Guinea Traders ; ' Item,

q"e3ting"'''te' at slso, the petition of Traders to Virginia, requesting to be allowed to send out BhTpsto fet'ch'ihei? some ships to bring their returns thence to this Country, as the trade and Country hither. commerce thither are not to be lost before the West India Company be formed and ready. On consideration, it is unanimously resolved, that the aforesaid petitions shall be voted for and supported, on behalf of this Province, in the General Assembly, on condition that the petitioners pledge themselves to be back to this country before the 1" July next.

Vol. I. 4

--

26 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS.

Resolation of the States General respecting New Virginia.

[ From Ihe Register of Eesolatlons ol the Stales General, in the Eoyal Arcliives at the Hague. 1

Tuesday, the 4"' September, 1621. Henrick AUartszzn Read the petition of Henrick Allartszzn' cum suis, in which they request vil^'inla. permission to send a ship to New Virginia to fetch" their people and property from there; but it is resolved, before disposing thereof, to hear the opinion of the Board of Admiralty in Zealand.

Resolation of the States General respecting New Virginia.

[ From Ihe Register of Eesolatlons ol the Stales General, in the Eoyal Arcliives at the Hague. 1

Tuesday, the 4"' September, 1621. Henrick AUartszzn Read the petition of Henrick Allartszzn' cum suis, in which they request vil^'inla. permission to send a ship to New Virginia to fetch" their people and property from there; but it is resolved, before disposing thereof, to hear the opinion of the Board of Admiralty in Zealand.

Resolution of the States General permitting a ship to proceed to Virginia.

[ From Ihe Ecgister of Resolutions of the States General, io the Koyal Archives at the Hague. ]

Wednesday, 15 September, 1621. Folio 8G3. On the petition of Henrick Elkens, Hans Jooris Houton and Adriaen Janssen, ™m''6uis^. '^""'°' Engel cum sociis, merchants in Amsterdam, what follows is granted: The States General, &c., having communication of the contents of this petition, have, for reasons submitted with the presentation thereof, granted, and do hereby grant, for disposition thereof, that the petitioners, according to their request, shall be at liberty to send their ship named the White Dove, burthen about forty lasts, whereof Wilhem Janssen Houton is

Master, to Virginia, on condition that they shall have returned to this country before the first of July next, with their goods and ship.

Resolution of the States General permitting another Ship to he sent to Virginia.

I From the Kegister of Resolutions of the Stales General, in the Royal Archives at the Hague. ]

On the petition of Henrick Elkens, Hans Jooris Houton and Adriaen Janssen, ™m''6uis^. '^""'°' Engel cum sociis, merchants in Amsterdam, what follows is granted: The States General, &c., having communication of the contents of this petition, have, for reasons submitted with the presentation thereof, granted, and do hereby grant, for disposition thereof, that the petitioners, according to their request, shall be at liberty to send their ship named the White Dove, burthen about forty lasts, whereof Wilhem Janssen Houton is

Master, to Virginia, on condition that they shall have returned to this country before the first of July next, with their goods and ship.

Resolution of the States General permitting another Ship to he sent to Virginia.

I From the Kegister of Resolutions of the Stales General, in the Royal Archives at the Hague. ]

Friday, 24"- Septemb% 1621.

Birck Toikertae. On the petition of Dierck Volckertse, Doctor Verus and Doctor Carbasius, eumsuis. residing at Hoorn, Pieter Nannincx, of Medenblik, Accountant, and Cornells Volckertse, together with Pieter Dircxzen Schoders, it is allowed as foUoweth: The States, etc., having communication of the contents of this petition, have, for reasons therein mentioned, allowed and hereby allow, for disposition thereof, and that the aforesaid Petitioners may, accordingly, for the purpose aforesaid, send to the Virginias, one ship, laden with all sorts of permitted merchandise, to trade with and profit by the same; and afterwards to bring over their cargoes, goods, clerks and seamen, to this country, provided that they shall have returned home before the first of July, sixteen hundred and twenty-two.

On the petition of Dierck Volckertse, Doctor Verus and Doctor Carbasius, eumsuis. residing at Hoorn, Pieter Nannincx, of Medenblik, Accountant, and Cornells Volckertse, together with Pieter Dircxzen Schoders, it is allowed as foUoweth: The States, etc., having communication of the contents of this petition, have, for reasons therein mentioned, allowed and hereby allow, for disposition thereof, and that the aforesaid Petitioners may, accordingly, for the purpose aforesaid, send to the Virginias, one ship, laden with all sorts of permitted merchandise, to trade with and profit by the same; and afterwards to bring over their cargoes, goods, clerks and seamen, to this country, provided that they shall have returned home before the first of July, sixteen hundred and twenty-two.

Misspelt for " Henrich Elkens," see next resolution. -- Ed.

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS : L 27

Resolution of the States General lyermitting a Ship to he sent to Neio Netherland.

[ From the Register of Eesolutiona of the Stales General, in the Roynl Archives at the Hague. ]

Tuesday, 25"" September, 1621.

Traders^'to New On the petition of Claes Jacobse Harincarspel, Councillor and antient Schepen Netherland. ^j. ^j^^ ^j^^ ^j- Amsterdam, Petrus Plancius, minister of the Holy Word, Lambrecht

van Tweenhuyzen, Hans Claessen and company, trading to certain coasts, countries and rivers, by them discovered, lying between Virginia and New France, between the 40"" and 45"> degrees of latitude, called New Netherland; also, to a great river situate between the thirty-eighth and fortieth degrees, it is, after deliberation, allowed as foUoweth: The States General, etc., having considered the tenor of this petition, have, for reasons therein set forth, granted and do hereby grant, for disposition thereof, that the aforesaid petitioners, for the purpose aforesaid, may accordingly send to the above mentioned countries, coasts and rivers, by them discovered, lying between Virginia and New France, in the latitude of forty to forty-five degrees, called New Netherland, also to the adjoining countries and a great river lying between latitude thirty-eight and forty degrees, two ships laden with all sorts of permitted merchandize, the one to the aforesaid New Netherland, and the other to the aforesaid New River, lying in latitude between eight and thirty and forty degrees, and to the small rivers thereon depending, to trade away and dispose of their old stock which they have there, and afterwards to bring back into this country, their goods, cargoes, clerks and seamen, on condition that they must be home with their ships and goods before the first

van Tweenhuyzen, Hans Claessen and company, trading to certain coasts, countries and rivers, by them discovered, lying between Virginia and New France, between the 40"" and 45"> degrees of latitude, called New Netherland; also, to a great river situate between the thirty-eighth and fortieth degrees, it is, after deliberation, allowed as foUoweth: The States General, etc., having considered the tenor of this petition, have, for reasons therein set forth, granted and do hereby grant, for disposition thereof, that the aforesaid petitioners, for the purpose aforesaid, may accordingly send to the above mentioned countries, coasts and rivers, by them discovered, lying between Virginia and New France, in the latitude of forty to forty-five degrees, called New Netherland, also to the adjoining countries and a great river lying between latitude thirty-eight and forty degrees, two ships laden with all sorts of permitted merchandize, the one to the aforesaid New Netherland, and the other to the aforesaid New River, lying in latitude between eight and thirty and forty degrees, and to the small rivers thereon depending, to trade away and dispose of their old stock which they have there, and afterwards to bring back into this country, their goods, cargoes, clerks and seamen, on condition that they must be home with their ships and goods before the first

of July, 1622. 1621. Memorandum. The proceedings of the States General in regard to the erection of a General West India Company, which they chartered this year, being very proli.\, and having relation principally to Brazil, it was not thought expedient to have transcripts

of July, 1622. 1621. Memorandum. The proceedings of the States General in regard to the erection of a General West India Company, which they chartered this year, being very proli.\, and having relation principally to Brazil, it was not thought expedient to have transcripts

thereof made, especially as the Original Octroy, together with all the amendments and additions, is contained in the " Gnot Placaat book" or Book of Resolutions and acta of the States, a copy of which, purchased by me under the direction of the Trustees, is now in the State Library. J. R. B.

Resolution of the States General on a Communication from Sir Dudley Carleton. [ From the Kegister of Resolutions of the States General, in the Eoyal Archives at the Hague. ]

Wednesday, the le"- March, 1622. Foiio9i. Sir Carleton, Ambassador from the King of Great Britain, recommended that Great Brilam. . ° their High Mightinesses would adopt a resolution on his proposition relating to Virginia. Virginia. It is, thereupon, resolved to request Burgomaster Pauw that he would New Netherland. be plcased to Write to the partners in the trade to the Island of New Netherland, to the effect that their High Mightinesses desire to be informed of the state of the matter contained in the aforesaid proposition.'

' For this proposition, see poat. III., 8. -- Ed.

^ NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS.

Resolution of the States of Holland and Wesifriesland on a proposed plan of Emigration.

[ From the printed Register. ]

The'21 April, 1622.

It is, thereupon, resolved to request Burgomaster Pauw that he would New Netherland. be plcased to Write to the partners in the trade to the Island of New Netherland, to the effect that their High Mightinesses desire to be informed of the state of the matter contained in the aforesaid proposition.'

' For this proposition, see poat. III., 8. -- Ed.

^ NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS.

Resolution of the States of Holland and Wesifriesland on a proposed plan of Emigration.

[ From the printed Register. ]

The'21 April, 1622.

fe'^d'w'm^e^WMt The Directors of the West India Company report that they have examined ^"^'^'- the paper relative to the Families to be conveyed to the West Indies, and are of opinion, that it is very advantageous for the Company, and therefore that an effort ought to be made to promote it, with a promise that they should be employed ; and to postpone it until the Directors should be formed, if the Assembly thought proper that this promise should be made to them ; which, being considered by the Lords, gentlemen and cities, it is unanimously resolved and concluded, that the said promise shall be given with the knowledge of the Magistracy, and to proceed with it accordingly.

Resolution of the States General on a Communication from Sir Dudley Carleton.

[ From the Register of Resolutions of the States General, in Ihe Royal Archives at the Hague. ]

Wednesday, 27"- April, 1622. Folio 150. Ambassador Carleton recommended that a resolution be passed on the Great Britain, communication he had made on the part of his Majesty, regarding the Island of Virginia. Virginia; and it is resolved, that the said communication shall be examined, together with what has been published in print at Amsterdam on this subject.

[ From the Register of Resolutions of the States General, in Ihe Royal Archives at the Hague. ]

Wednesday, 27"- April, 1622. Folio 150. Ambassador Carleton recommended that a resolution be passed on the Great Britain, communication he had made on the part of his Majesty, regarding the Island of Virginia. Virginia; and it is resolved, that the said communication shall be examined, together with what has been published in print at Amsterdam on this subject.

Resolution of the States General on the Petition of the heir of Rev. Mr. Plancius.

[From the Register of Resolutions of the States General, in the Royal Archives at the Hague. ]

Saturday, IS"" June, 1622.

roiio23o. Read the petition of Claes Jacobsen Harinckcarspel, Schepen and Councillor of the city of Amsterdam, heir of the deceased Petrus Plancius minister of God's word, cum New Netheriand. suis, praying, for rcasons set forth in the petition, that the time allowed to them,

the petitioners, to bring over their returns from New Netherland to this country, may be extended six months, but the resolution thereupon is postponed.

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS: L 29

Resolution of the States General respecting the papers of the West India Company.

[ From the Register of EesoIution» of the Slates General, in the Eoyal Archives at the Hague.]

Tuesday, the 29'^ November, 1622. Granted, that the papers of the West India Company remaining in the office •west^indir^com- P""''- of the General Assembly, shall be inventoried and handed to the Directors of said Company, on their receipt and promise of restitution.

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS: L 29

Resolution of the States General respecting the papers of the West India Company.

[ From the Register of EesoIution» of the Slates General, in the Eoyal Archives at the Hague.]

Tuesday, the 29'^ November, 1622. Granted, that the papers of the West India Company remaining in the office •west^indir^com- P""''- of the General Assembly, shall be inventoried and handed to the Directors of said Company, on their receipt and promise of restitution.

Secret Resolution of the States General on a proposed Union of the West India Companies.

[ From the Register of Secret Eesolutions of the States General, in the Eoyal Archires at the Hague. ]

Friday, the 22""J March, 1624. Folio 63. jjjg Excellency appearing in the Assembly, in his presence are read the points England. of the further instruction for the Ambassadors to England, left open on the 19"" February last, viz': the fourth, ?" and S"" points of said instruction; and, upon consideration, and vi^ith the advice of his illustrious Excellency, it is resolved and concluded ; first, on the Mutual cooperation fourth poiut, regarding the West India Company and the letter of the Lords of West India Com- c i . • . , panics. Langeracq, of the 1" mstant, lately received, mentioning a West India Company begun to be formed in France, that copy and extract shall be sent to Mess" their High Mightinesses' deputies at present attending the meeting of the XIX of the West India Company at Amsterdam, to submit to the meeting, as matters are in such a condition in France and England at present, that probably a West India Company vpill be formed in one and the other kingdom, or else some expedition be undertaken, whether they vcill not embrace this occasion and consider if it would not be prudent to confer on a combination of the Companies, or of some other equipment to be sent, on both sides, to the West Indies, reflecting that this Company will not, of itself, be strong enough, without assistance and the aid and cooperation of others, to resist alone such a powerful force as is put to sea at present by Spain, to the number of fifty ships, for the purpose of crushing the Company in its infancy ; that it will also be useful to agree respecting the present and the future ; as the French and the English will not omit, when this Company shall have sustained the heaviest of the burthen, to frequent the places which may be incorporated by God's gracious help, and from which they cannot be excluded without falling into the same difficulty as the East India Company had with them, which can now be easier obviated, either by a combination of the companies or by some mutual equipment to be executed hereafter.

Langeracq, of the 1" mstant, lately received, mentioning a West India Company begun to be formed in France, that copy and extract shall be sent to Mess" their High Mightinesses' deputies at present attending the meeting of the XIX of the West India Company at Amsterdam, to submit to the meeting, as matters are in such a condition in France and England at present, that probably a West India Company vpill be formed in one and the other kingdom, or else some expedition be undertaken, whether they vcill not embrace this occasion and consider if it would not be prudent to confer on a combination of the Companies, or of some other equipment to be sent, on both sides, to the West Indies, reflecting that this Company will not, of itself, be strong enough, without assistance and the aid and cooperation of others, to resist alone such a powerful force as is put to sea at present by Spain, to the number of fifty ships, for the purpose of crushing the Company in its infancy ; that it will also be useful to agree respecting the present and the future ; as the French and the English will not omit, when this Company shall have sustained the heaviest of the burthen, to frequent the places which may be incorporated by God's gracious help, and from which they cannot be excluded without falling into the same difficulty as the East India Company had with them, which can now be easier obviated, either by a combination of the companies or by some mutual equipment to be executed hereafter. On the V"- and Eighth points, it is deemed prudent first to wait for advices from England, of the success of the afl^air and resolution there, in order, when that is seen, to be able to resolve thereupon with better foundation.

On the V"- and Eighth points, it is deemed prudent first to wait for advices from England, of the success of the afl^air and resolution there, in order, when that is seen, to be able to resolve thereupon with better foundation.

Presents to the Com- ^"^ whercas his Excelleucy proposes that the Ambassadors ought necessarily missioners. y^^ authorized, in case any league be concluded, to make some present to Mess"

30 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. His Majesty's Commissioners who shall be engaged in this league, as is usual in such contracts. resolved to wait the advice of the Ambassadors themselves as to what they should think It is

best to be done in the case, whilst it is concluded that the gratuity ought to be regulated in proportion to the advantage and profit to be derived by this country from the league.

Assembly of the XIX. of the West India Company to the States General. [ From the Original in Ihe Koyal Archives at the Hague ; File West Indif, 1623-- 1C29. ]

High and Mighty Lords, We transmit to you, herewith, High and Mighty, copy of a certain letter, sent to us from Hoorn, by some deputies of this Assembly. Your High Mightinesses will understand therefrom, that we (to our regret) are informed of the evil intentions and designs, maliciously undertaken, by a certain shipper and other persons there, directly contrary to the favorable charter and amplification granted by your High Mightinesses to this Company; and therefore, not only in opposition to your High Mightinesses' good intention and meaning, but also against the welfare and prosperity of this said Company, and consequently against your High Mightinesses' country and many of its good inhabitants. And whereas, it is of paramount necessity, for the maintenance of the aforesaid charter and its subsequent amplification, also, for the promotion of the Company's affairs, and especially for the removal and prevention of such evil designs and malversations, that provision be made, and such example at once determined, as will deter others from attempting the like for the future; We could not, therefore, refrain from communicating this to you.

Your High Mightinesses will understand therefrom, that we (to our regret) are informed of the evil intentions and designs, maliciously undertaken, by a certain shipper and other persons there, directly contrary to the favorable charter and amplification granted by your High Mightinesses to this Company; and therefore, not only in opposition to your High Mightinesses' good intention and meaning, but also against the welfare and prosperity of this said Company, and consequently against your High Mightinesses' country and many of its good inhabitants. And whereas, it is of paramount necessity, for the maintenance of the aforesaid charter and its subsequent amplification, also, for the promotion of the Company's affairs, and especially for the removal and prevention of such evil designs and malversations, that provision be made, and such example at once determined, as will deter others from attempting the like for the future; We could not, therefore, refrain from communicating this to you. High and Mighty, in the form of a complaint, and requesting at the same time, that you. High and Mighty, would be pleased so to provide and prevented therein, and so to order, that not only the aforesaid ship should be forbidden undertaking its intended voyage, but that the Company may also be put beyond the risk of such evil practices being in future undertaken and attempted to its injury; and, likewise, to act further therein as your High Mightinesses shall consider necessary for the greatest advantage of this Company, and in keeping with your strong affection for its prosperity: And, whereas, the noble Mighty States of Holland are at present assembled, it is most humbly requested, that you, High and Mighty, would be pleased on the occasion, to order and direct, through those of the North Quarter, that the sails and guns be removed from the aforesaid ship; advising you.

High and Mighty, would be pleased so to provide and prevented therein, and so to order, that not only the aforesaid ship should be forbidden undertaking its intended voyage, but that the Company may also be put beyond the risk of such evil practices being in future undertaken and attempted to its injury; and, likewise, to act further therein as your High Mightinesses shall consider necessary for the greatest advantage of this Company, and in keeping with your strong affection for its prosperity: And, whereas, the noble Mighty States of Holland are at present assembled, it is most humbly requested, that you, High and Mighty, would be pleased on the occasion, to order and direct, through those of the North Quarter, that the sails and guns be removed from the aforesaid ship; advising you. High and Mighty, moreover, that we also certainly understand that many are equipped in that Northern department for the West Indies; and we therefore request you, High and Mighty, to be pleased, through the said Lords of the North Quarter, also so to provide, for reasons aforesaid, that the same be prevented and abandoned. Which hoping we shall. High and Mighty Lords, commend you, High and Mighty, to the protection of the Most High. Your High Mightinesses most obedient servants, The Commissioners at the Assembly of the Nineteen of the Incorporated West India Company, now in session in Amsterdam. Amsterdam, this 30"" March, 1624. (Signed) Henr: Feith. '

Received 2 April. Jan Gysbreght.

:

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS: I. 31

High and Mighty, moreover, that we also certainly understand that many are equipped in that Northern department for the West Indies; and we therefore request you, High and Mighty, to be pleased, through the said Lords of the North Quarter, also so to provide, for reasons aforesaid, that the same be prevented and abandoned. Which hoping we shall. High and Mighty Lords, commend you, High and Mighty, to the protection of the Most High. Your High Mightinesses most obedient servants, The Commissioners at the Assembly of the Nineteen of the Incorporated West India Company, now in session in Amsterdam. Amsterdam, this 30"" March, 1624. (Signed) Henr: Feith. '

Received 2 April. Jan Gysbreght.

:

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS: I. 31

Agents of the West India Company at Hoorn, to the Assembly of the XIX. [ From the MS. received as an Appendix by the States General Royal Arcliivea, Hague. ; File Went Indie. ]

Honorable, Worthy, Wise and right Prudent gentlemen and friends. Whereas we repaired tiiis morning to the meeting of the Directors of this city, and, after sundry conversations, explained to their Honors that we understood that a certain shi'p was fitting out here with design to go to the Virginias under French commission, intending to take along good carpenters and shipwrights to construct a store, houses and ships there in order to be employed elsewhere within the limits of the charter. This then appearing to be a matter of great consequence, we both deemed it proper to wait on the Magistrates of Hoorn, as we did forthwith, and after e.xplanatory introduction, requested them, as Judges and administrators of the laws, to maintain us against this contravention of the charter, and its amplification. Whereupon they answered, that we might certainly rely on them, and they resolved, with our previous advice, to summon the Skipper, who was busy taking out his ship, and about to sail forthwith, to demand of him an inventory thereof, and of all that is, or will be received on board.

This then appearing to be a matter of great consequence, we both deemed it proper to wait on the Magistrates of Hoorn, as we did forthwith, and after e.xplanatory introduction, requested them, as Judges and administrators of the laws, to maintain us against this contravention of the charter, and its amplification. Whereupon they answered, that we might certainly rely on them, and they resolved, with our previous advice, to summon the Skipper, who was busy taking out his ship, and about to sail forthwith, to demand of him an inventory thereof, and of all that is, or will be received on board. The Skipper appearing in our absence, refused to comply, saying he wishes to go to France, wanting to know who acted thus, threatening to complain, as if the King of France's crown were attacked. The Burgomasters finding him thus obstinate, said that he was then arrested until he should give satisfaction herein, against which he has protested, and demanded certificate of arrest. We thought proper that this should be done in the name and on behalf of the Assembly of the XIX., though we are not expressly authorized hereunto. We request your advice whether the arrest shall continue, and what further shall be done in the premises. You may be assured that a certain person of credit is here, who was lately offered a share of that ship, well knowing that some owners reside here and at Amsterdam : therefore, the matter ought, in our opinion, be prosecuted, for the sake of example, and thereby to discourage others, who are disposed to go the same road. Regarding our affairs, we have done nothing, except to make some preparatory arrangements to facilitate the business as much as possible, expecting to-day the Deputies of the respective cities. The Directors of Hoorn have informed us, that they authorized, or wrote to your Commissioners for the opening of their subscription to the capital, in the assurance that their petition shall be taken into consideration.

You may be assured that a certain person of credit is here, who was lately offered a share of that ship, well knowing that some owners reside here and at Amsterdam : therefore, the matter ought, in our opinion, be prosecuted, for the sake of example, and thereby to discourage others, who are disposed to go the same road. Regarding our affairs, we have done nothing, except to make some preparatory arrangements to facilitate the business as much as possible, expecting to-day the Deputies of the respective cities. The Directors of Hoorn have informed us, that they authorized, or wrote to your Commissioners for the opening of their subscription to the capital, in the assurance that their petition shall be taken into consideration. What relates to it, your Honors will presently know. Herewith ending. (Under stood :) Honorable, worthy, wise, right, discreet gentlemen, praying the Almighty to keep you in his Holy protection. (Signed) Your Honors' dutiful Commissioners, Hoorn, the 29* March, 1624. Rogier Cobbert Received 2'' April, 1624. Blendricxs', Alb' Wifrinck.

(At the side stood:) Post. After closing this, the arrested Skipper hath had an attachment served on us, and summoned us for the next day, which we shall endeavor to meet by exceptions, etc., until further instructions and advice will be received from your Honors.

The address was Right Honorable, worthy, wise and most prudent, the Commissioners at the Assembly of the Nineteen, on behalf of the West India Company, at Amsterdam.

32 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS.

States General to the Assembly of the XIX.

After closing this, the arrested Skipper hath had an attachment served on us, and summoned us for the next day, which we shall endeavor to meet by exceptions, etc., until further instructions and advice will be received from your Honors.

The address was Right Honorable, worthy, wise and most prudent, the Commissioners at the Assembly of the Nineteen, on behalf of the West India Company, at Amsterdam.

32 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS.

States General to the Assembly of the XIX.

[ From the Minute in the Eoyal Archives at the Hague; File 7»e«( Indie, 1623 -- 1624. ]

The States. David Picters. Honorable : By the annexed petition, presented to us by Captain Bamd. Pieters, you will be able to learn what he hath communicated and requested on the part of his owners residing at RochcUe. And whereas we so regard the matter that the Incorporated JVest India Company ought not to enter, in the beginning, into a dispute with the subjects of neighboring Kings and Princes, but much rather observe good correspondence and friendship towards them. We have, therefore, deemed it proper and necessary to send Your Honors the aforesaid Petition, and reflecting on theconsequeuces which may arise to the injury of the Company by disputes with the French, hereby recommend you to endeavor that this matter be arranged by agreement; either that your Honors receive the ship and cargo by purchase from the Petitioner, or, should this not be effected, cause him to enter into bonds, that the ship will not go within the limits of your Charter; or that some other amicable arrangement may be discovered whereby both sides may be satisfied. Whereunto awaiting. Done the 6"- April, 1624.

We have, therefore, deemed it proper and necessary to send Your Honors the aforesaid Petition, and reflecting on theconsequeuces which may arise to the injury of the Company by disputes with the French, hereby recommend you to endeavor that this matter be arranged by agreement; either that your Honors receive the ship and cargo by purchase from the Petitioner, or, should this not be effected, cause him to enter into bonds, that the ship will not go within the limits of your Charter; or that some other amicable arrangement may be discovered whereby both sides may be satisfied. Whereunto awaiting. Done the 6"- April, 1624.

Secret Resolution of the States General on the iproposed Union of the West India Companies.

[ From the Register of Secret Resolutions of the States General, in the Eoyal Archives at the Hague. ]

Tuesday, the 9"" of April, 1624.

En xlT"^' Mess" van Zoelen, Duyck and Magnus have reported that they have, with Instruction for the his Excellency, reconsidered the resolution adopted on the 22"^ March last, on the Ambassadors. pojnts left opeu for the further Instruction for the Ambassadors to England, and '^ '^ Coalition of theWest , • i t •

India Company. especially the 4"", V"" and S'*" points of the above mentioned Instructions concerning,

^d'i'STc^lTwar! first: the West India Company; secondly: the aid that should be promised from uiiiiary aiTairs. fj^jg gj^jg {„ g^se the King go to war ; and, thirdly: if some regiments might be °' new soidtere." exchanged, new levies for old experienced soldiers; and, conformably to the advice of his Excellency, it is resolved, on the first point: That the declaration of the Assembly of the Nineteen on this matter must be waited for, to which purpose their High Mightinesses' Deputies now returning to that Assembly, are directed, moreover, to insist thereon by resolution, in order to send copy thereof to the Ambassadors.

^d'i'STc^lTwar! first: the West India Company; secondly: the aid that should be promised from uiiiiary aiTairs. fj^jg gj^jg {„ g^se the King go to war ; and, thirdly: if some regiments might be °' new soidtere." exchanged, new levies for old experienced soldiers; and, conformably to the advice of his Excellency, it is resolved, on the first point: That the declaration of the Assembly of the Nineteen on this matter must be waited for, to which purpose their High Mightinesses' Deputies now returning to that Assembly, are directed, moreover, to insist thereon by resolution, in order to send copy thereof to the Ambassadors. Regarding the second and third points, as there is no appearance that the King will be willing to bring a formal Army into the field, it is resolved, that it is, as yet, unnecessary to determine specially thereupon, but prudent to postpone it until it will be seen what his Majesty will please to resolve in the premises.

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS: I. 33

Secret Resolution of the States General.

[ From the E( gieter of Secret Kesolutions of States General, in the Rojral Archives at the IlagQe. ]

Friday, the l?"- of May, 1624. Folio 65. jj^ tiiat his Excellency has been pleased to write the letter being reported ^"" resolved on yesterday to the Ambassadors in France, in answer to their letter of the S'* instant, it is concluded to let it be sent, as here inserted : --

The States General of the United Netherlands.

Honorable, wise, right prudent Gentlemen: We duly received, on the 10"" inst., your despatches of the 27"" and manner, was handed to us, on the li"" last of April. In like following, that of the S'"" inst., which you sent express per Stevan van Groeningen; and the one and the other being considered by us.

Folio 65. jj^ tiiat his Excellency has been pleased to write the letter being reported ^"" resolved on yesterday to the Ambassadors in France, in answer to their letter of the S'* instant, it is concluded to let it be sent, as here inserted : --

The States General of the United Netherlands.

Honorable, wise, right prudent Gentlemen: We duly received, on the 10"" inst., your despatches of the 27"" and manner, was handed to us, on the li"" last of April. In like following, that of the S'"" inst., which you sent express per Stevan van Groeningen; and the one and the other being considered by us. We find what you require our further resolution upon consists of the following points; first: of making no Treaty of peace or Truce, except, &c; 2": of the aid to be furnished by us according to the 4"" and S'*" articles of tiie Treaty of the year 1608; 3°: of the East and West India navigation ; 4°: of the breaking with those of Algiers; 5°: of the Judicature, &c. On the third point, speaking of the East and West India Company, you will, so far as relates To decline the East ^^ ^^^ East Indies, decline it, with the best reasons you can adduce; and finally* iDdiatraje. declare that nothing can be done therein without hearing the Company. And in case his Majesty should please to propose any thing, or make any overtures, in this regard, that after hearing it, the Company shall be asked to give his Majesty all possible satisfaction; Combination of the and as far as the West Indies is concerned, We have sent you, by Salais, the "^ West India Compa- •'

On the third point, speaking of the East and West India Company, you will, so far as relates To decline the East ^^ ^^^ East Indies, decline it, with the best reasons you can adduce; and finally* iDdiatraje. declare that nothing can be done therein without hearing the Company. And in case his Majesty should please to propose any thing, or make any overtures, in this regard, that after hearing it, the Company shall be asked to give his Majesty all possible satisfaction; Combination of the and as far as the West Indies is concerned, We have sent you, by Salais, the "^ West India Compa- •'

»>'«>• declaration of the Nineteen, to which we refer, in order that you may treat accordingly. Herewith we send another copy thereof, in case the first should not have come to hand. Respecting the fourth point, you shall, etc.

Extract from the Journal of the Dutch Amhas-sadors in England.

[ From the Original in the Royal Archives, at the Hague. ]

Extract of the Journal or Report of the Mess" Francis van Aerssen, Lord of Sommelsdyk, &c., and Albert Joachimi, Lord at Ostend in Oudekenskercken. Ambassadors from the States General of the United Netherlands, near the King of Great Britain, from February to July, 1624.

4 June, 1624. My lord, the Prince of Wales, sent Mr. Caer, first Lord of his Bedchamber, some days ago to us, and requested us, through him, that we would believe that Sir Ferdinand Georges, Governor of Portsmouth, is an honest and honorable gentleman, and that we should

Extract of the Journal or Report of the Mess" Francis van Aerssen, Lord of Sommelsdyk, &c., and Albert Joachimi, Lord at Ostend in Oudekenskercken. Ambassadors from the States General of the United Netherlands, near the King of Great Britain, from February to July, 1624.

4 June, 1624. My lord, the Prince of Wales, sent Mr. Caer, first Lord of his Bedchamber, some days ago to us, and requested us, through him, that we would believe that Sir Ferdinand Georges, Governor of Portsmouth, is an honest and honorable gentleman, and that we should

Vol. T. 5

34 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. so consider him, in whatever he had to transact with us, without the above named Caer knowing any thing of what the above mentioned Sir Ferdinand had to do with us, or the purport of the aforesaid recommendation. 4"'' June. The aforesaid Sir Ferdinand Georges, came to us and made known, that he and his being disposed to annoy the Spaniard, one of his sons who is in New England, proposes some notable enterprizes in the West Indies. And inasmuch as he, seeing the uncertainty of the resolutions in England, was afraid that his son, having performed the exploit and coming home, may be complained of in consequence to the King; he prayed that, in case the King of Great Britain remained in friendship with the King of Spain, his son may be guarantied by your High Mightinesses, and commission granted him to annoy the King of Spain, in your name. We praised his good disposition, and said that the exploit, when achieved, could be best avowed. That otherwise, when Naval commissions were issued by your High Mightinesses they were formally maintained. He said he made no difficulty as to that. And, afterwards, put his request in writing, which we have brought over to your High Mightinesses.

And inasmuch as he, seeing the uncertainty of the resolutions in England, was afraid that his son, having performed the exploit and coming home, may be complained of in consequence to the King; he prayed that, in case the King of Great Britain remained in friendship with the King of Spain, his son may be guarantied by your High Mightinesses, and commission granted him to annoy the King of Spain, in your name. We praised his good disposition, and said that the exploit, when achieved, could be best avowed. That otherwise, when Naval commissions were issued by your High Mightinesses they were formally maintained. He said he made no difficulty as to that. And, afterwards, put his request in writing, which we have brought over to your High Mightinesses. We have heard, etc. Thus done and communicated by us, undersigned, (Signed) Francoys van Aerssen, Alb; Joachimi.

Hesolution of tJie States General on tlie Report of the West India Company.

[ From the Register of Eesoluiions of the States General, in the Royal Archives at the Hague. ]

Monday, the 14 Octob., 1624. Folio 429. Albert Koenraets and Philips Doublet, Directors of the West India Company, ' Report ft-iim Brazil, TirgiDiaand Guinea, appeared before the Assembly, and rendered a report of the present state of affairs, both in Africa and Brazil, relating that two ships have arrived from the coast of Guinea, bringing, in addition to their freight of 627 pounds of gold, 1S40 elephants' teeth, and 330 tons of pepper, news that the General there hath made an alliance and treaty with the King of Sabou and Acora, not to trade with any one except with those of the Company; and that he is engaged in a like negotiation with a third King. And that four ships have arrived from the Bay of All Saints, bringing the Vice Roy and his Son, and the Jesuits prisoners.

Albert Koenraets and Philips Doublet, Directors of the West India Company, ' Report ft-iim Brazil, TirgiDiaand Guinea, appeared before the Assembly, and rendered a report of the present state of affairs, both in Africa and Brazil, relating that two ships have arrived from the coast of Guinea, bringing, in addition to their freight of 627 pounds of gold, 1S40 elephants' teeth, and 330 tons of pepper, news that the General there hath made an alliance and treaty with the King of Sabou and Acora, not to trade with any one except with those of the Company; and that he is engaged in a like negotiation with a third King. And that four ships have arrived from the Bay of All Saints, bringing the Vice Roy and his Son, and the Jesuits prisoners. That Admiral Willekes is gone to the West Indies with 12 Ships, and the Vice Admiral to Angola, with 5 ships. That one ship is arrived from Virginia, bringing some peltries with a number of other articles. Request their High Mightinesses' resolution on certain points delivered in writing by them, the disposal whereof is postponed to to-morrow.

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS: L 85

Resolution of the States General admitting Mr. Schagen to his Seat.

[ From Ihe Begister of Eesolalions of the Slates General, in the Eojal ArchiTcs, at the Hague. ]

Tuesday, the 6'" May, 1625.

Mr. pTschagen. Received a letter from the States of Holland and Westfriesland, of this day's date, wherein they advise that they have deputed Pieter Janssen Schagen, Councillor and Magistrate of the City of Alcmaer, to their High Mightinesses' Assembly, in the stead of the Mr. Albert Sonck, requesting that he may obtain admittance, which their High Mightinesses granted. 113B133

[ From Ihe Begister of Eesolalions of the Slates General, in the Eojal ArchiTcs, at the Hague. ]

Tuesday, the 6'" May, 1625.

Mr. pTschagen. Received a letter from the States of Holland and Westfriesland, of this day's date, wherein they advise that they have deputed Pieter Janssen Schagen, Councillor and Magistrate of the City of Alcmaer, to their High Mightinesses' Assembly, in the stead of the Mr. Albert Sonck, requesting that he may obtain admittance, which their High Mightinesses granted. 113B133

Effects of the West India Company^ 1626.

[ From the Original in the Eoyal Archives at the Hague; File, West Indien. ]

Two ships destined for the trade and settlement of the Colony in New Netherland. Effects of the IncorjJornled West India Company, as they are found at present, after it was determined, as it indeed is true, that the Sailors and Soldiers of the Fleets of General Boudewyn Hendrixsen, the Admiral t'Lam, be paid, and can be forthwith paid out of the Company's previous funds, and all moneys on interest be paid, which are very trifling. Estimated this 4"" Sept', 1626.

9 ships from 150 to 200 @, 230 lasts, well equipped. 3 large yachts.

In all, 12 ships and yachts destined for the African trade in Guinea, Benin, Angola, Greyn, and Quaqua coasts, with the exported cargoes and expected returns, as more fully can be shewn, amount to, according to cost fl. 1,709,000 1 ship of Dordrecht to Cape Verd, with cargo, 60,000 1 ship ) destined for the trade of the Amazon and the Coast of Guiana, 2 yachts j with the cargoes, 80,000 1 ship of about 130 lasts, ] well equipped, destined for the trade and 1 yacht j colonization of New Netherland, estimated, at least, at 120,000

In all, 12 ships and yachts destined for the African trade in Guinea, Benin, Angola, Greyn, and Quaqua coasts, with the exported cargoes and expected returns, as more fully can be shewn, amount to, according to cost fl. 1,709,000 1 ship of Dordrecht to Cape Verd, with cargo, 60,000 1 ship ) destined for the trade of the Amazon and the Coast of Guiana, 2 yachts j with the cargoes, 80,000 1 ship of about 130 lasts, ] well equipped, destined for the trade and 1 yacht j colonization of New Netherland, estimated, at least, at 120,000

Total, 18 ships and yachts trading to all quarters where the Company hath any free trade, amounting to 1,969,000 9 large ships of 200 to 300 lasts, ] despatched in May, 1626, under 5 large and small yachts, j Admiral Pieter Pieterzen Heyn, (whose plan promises to be successful) victualled for 18 months, having full 1800 men, furnished with metal and iron guns, amounting, with the equipage, to 700,000

:

'

36" NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. 8 ships and yachts oti divers expediiioiis, under Thomas Sickes flag, victualled for IS months, amounting to -. fl. l'00,000 33 ships of 200, (a, 300, (aJ, 350 hists, including 9 or 10 big and little yachts -- which the Company hath still lying here in port, provided with In all 73 metal and iron guns, and all sorts of supplies of ammunition of war, ships. powder, muskets, arms, sabres, and whatever may be necessary for the equipment, which can be fitted for sea at the fourth part of their former cost, estimated, as more fully can be seen, at 1,100,000 The sugar prize lately by Thomas Sickes, and the goods freighted through the fleet by General Boudewyn Hendrixen, will amount fully to, 300,000 The wages of the IGOO soldiers allowed to the Company by your High Mightinesses, and the expense incurred thereupon by the refusal to pay anything, 150,000 That your High Mightinesses still owe, on the promised 1500"' guilders, to be paid before you can derive any advantage as partners 150,000 These following moneys are still to be received in cash, which being in the Treasury, will be applied to keep the foregoing ships at sea, not only to injure the King of Spain, but also by God's blessing to do your High Mightinesses and the Company much service, and the Partners good profit From the shareholders what is yet unpaid of the S"* installment; the third of the 3^ installment, estimated at 458,000 From the shareholders for the 4"' installment, all which is forthcoming, amounting to 1,467,000 Your High Mightinesses still remain indebted on the 1500" guilders, besides the 150"" guilders before slated, 750,000

36" NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. 8 ships and yachts oti divers expediiioiis, under Thomas Sickes flag, victualled for IS months, amounting to -. fl. l'00,000 33 ships of 200, (a, 300, (aJ, 350 hists, including 9 or 10 big and little yachts -- which the Company hath still lying here in port, provided with In all 73 metal and iron guns, and all sorts of supplies of ammunition of war, ships. powder, muskets, arms, sabres, and whatever may be necessary for the equipment, which can be fitted for sea at the fourth part of their former cost, estimated, as more fully can be seen, at 1,100,000 The sugar prize lately by Thomas Sickes, and the goods freighted through the fleet by General Boudewyn Hendrixen, will amount fully to, 300,000 The wages of the IGOO soldiers allowed to the Company by your High Mightinesses, and the expense incurred thereupon by the refusal to pay anything, 150,000 That your High Mightinesses still owe, on the promised 1500"' guilders, to be paid before you can derive any advantage as partners 150,000 These following moneys are still to be received in cash, which being in the Treasury, will be applied to keep the foregoing ships at sea, not only to injure the King of Spain, but also by God's blessing to do your High Mightinesses and the Company much service, and the Partners good profit From the shareholders what is yet unpaid of the S"* installment; the third of the 3^ installment, estimated at 458,000 From the shareholders for the 4"' installment, all which is forthcoming, amounting to 1,467,000 Your High Mightinesses still remain indebted on the 1500" guilders, besides the 150"" guilders before slated, 750,000

Total, fl. 7,304,000

Further, 5 ships and 3 yachts which your High Mightinesses promised to indemnify the Company for in guns, powder, and other munitions of war ; as these are still wanting to complete the subsidy promised by the 40"" article of the Charter, and by divers acknowledgments made by your High Mightinesses, as to be seen in resolutions. It remains to be stated, that the valuation of the ships and necessaries of war hereinbefore entered in gross, is not taken at the highest value, but will doubtless bring more when minutely reexamined. Then, as to what relates to the state of the trade and the pay of shareholders, they think they are sufficiently well informed thereof.

N. B. When the Assembly of the XIX. resolved to send the expedition under Admiral Willekens, the capital of the shareholders of all the chambers, added together, amounted to, fl, 4,300,000 To which is added what your High Mightinesses promise by the Charter, 1,000,000

In all, fl. 6,300,000

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS : I. 37 Thus, the Company's capital is greater at tliis time, by two millions, than it was at that period; besides, experience has given it more knowledge as to the condition of the places

West Indies and tiie Brazils; what are useful or useless to the Company in that situate in the country; what can, and what cannot, be defended; all which is of great advantage to tlie Company and the country.

lie-solution of the States General appointing Deputies to the Assembly of the XIX. [ From the Origiual Register in the Royal ArcbiveB at the Hague. ]

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS : I. 37 Thus, the Company's capital is greater at tliis time, by two millions, than it was at that period; besides, experience has given it more knowledge as to the condition of the places

West Indies and tiie Brazils; what are useful or useless to the Company in that situate in the country; what can, and what cannot, be defended; all which is of great advantage to tlie Company and the country.

lie-solution of the States General appointing Deputies to the Assembly of the XIX. [ From the Origiual Register in the Royal ArcbiveB at the Hague. ]

Resolution of the States General of the lO"" October, 1626, appointing, as their High Mightinesses' Deputy in the Assembly of the XIX. of the West India Company, M' Pietcr Janss tichagen, the writer of the earliest information relative to the Colony of New Netherland, of the 7"" November, 1626.

Saturday, the lO"" Octob--, 1626. Received from the Directors of the West India Company, Chamber at Amsterdam, a letter dated the 7"" inst., wherein they advise, that for divers weighty reasons and considerations,

affecling the welfare and prosperity of the Company, they have summoned the Assembly of the XIX. for the l?"" inst., to proceed to business on Monday, the 19"", requesting their High Mightinesses would be pleased to send their Deputy thither for the said day, to assist said Assembly with their authority and wise council. Whereupon, deliberation being had, they thereunto commissioned Mess" Hendrick van Eck and Schagen.

Received from the Directors of the West India Company, Chamber at Amsterdam, a letter dated the 7"" inst., wherein they advise, that for divers weighty reasons and considerations,

affecling the welfare and prosperity of the Company, they have summoned the Assembly of the XIX. for the l?"" inst., to proceed to business on Monday, the 19"", requesting their High Mightinesses would be pleased to send their Deputy thither for the said day, to assist said Assembly with their authority and wise council. Whereupon, deliberation being had, they thereunto commissioned Mess" Hendrick van Eck and Schagen.

Mi: Peter Schagen to the States General; the Island of Manhattans purchased. [ From the Original in the Royal Archives at the Hague ; File, entitled TTes/ Indie. ]

High and Mighty Lords: Yesterday, arrived here the Ship the Arms of Amsterdam, which sailed from New Netherland, out of the River Mauritius, on the 23"* September. They report that our people are in good heart and live in peace there; the Women also have borne some children there. They have purchased the Island Manhattes from the Indians for the value, of 60 guilders; 'tis 11,000 morgens in size. They had all their grain sowed by the middle of May, and reaped by the middle of August. They send thence samples of summer grain such as wheat, rye, barley, ;

oats, buckwheat, canary seed, beans and flax.

The cargo of the aforesaid ship is : -- 7246 Beaver skins. 17Si Otter^^skins. 675 Otter'skins. 4S Minck skins. 36 Wild cat skins. 33 Mincks. 34 Rat skins.

They have purchased the Island Manhattes from the Indians for the value, of 60 guilders; 'tis 11,000 morgens in size. They had all their grain sowed by the middle of May, and reaped by the middle of August. They send thence samples of summer grain such as wheat, rye, barley, ;

oats, buckwheat, canary seed, beans and flax.

The cargo of the aforesaid ship is : -- 7246 Beaver skins. 17Si Otter^^skins. 675 Otter'skins. 4S Minck skins. 36 Wild cat skins. 33 Mincks. 34 Rat skins.

88 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. Considerable Oak timber and Hickory. Herewith, Higli and Mighty Lords, be commended to the mercy of the Almighty.

In Amsterdam, the 5"" November, A'' 162G. Your High Mightinesses' obedient, Received 7"" November, 1626. (Signed) P. Schagen.

The address was as follows :

High and Mighty Lords, My Lords the States General at the Hague.

Resolution of the States General.

[ From the Register of Resolutions of tlie Stales General, in the Royal Archives at the Hagne. ]

Saturday, the 7"" November, 1626. Folio ',77. Received a letter from Mr. Schagen, o written at Amsterdam, the 5"" inst., Mr. Schagen. '

Arrival of a Ship Containing advice of the arrival of a Ship from New Netherland, which requires

The Assembly of the XIX. to the States General. [From the Original in the Eoyal Archives, at the Hague ; File West Indie. ]

Extract. Exhibited the IG"- November, 1627.

To the High and Mighty Lords States General of the United Netherlands. High and Mighty Lords. 1. We have heretofore communicated to your High Mightinesses the exploits, &c. 4. The last letters from New Netherland bring word, that the English of New Plymouth threaten to drive away those there, or to disturb them in their settlement and little colony, notwithstanding our's heretofore had tendered to them every good correspondence and friendship.

Exhibited the IG"- November, 1627.

To the High and Mighty Lords States General of the United Netherlands. High and Mighty Lords. 1. We have heretofore communicated to your High Mightinesses the exploits, &c. 4. The last letters from New Netherland bring word, that the English of New Plymouth threaten to drive away those there, or to disturb them in their settlement and little colony, notwithstanding our's heretofore had tendered to them every good correspondence and friendship. They therefore request the aid of forty Soldiers for their defence. We would rather see it secured by friendly alliance. In March, last year, our yacht, the Sturgeon, was in the River Gambia. Your High Mightinesses' obedient The Committee of the Assembly of the XIX. (signed) Albert Kounraats, Michael Paauw, CORNELIS BiCKEK, C. Nicolay.

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS: L

The Assembly of the XIX. to the States General [ From the Original in the Royal Archlvea at the Hcguo ; File, West Indie. ]

Extract.

High and Mighty Lords, We have heretofore represented, in writing, to your High Mightinesses, that our constituents, the respective Chambers of tlie Incorporated West India Company, think and fear that the utter ruin and dissolution of said Company will be the consequence of the present negotiaiion for a Trace with tiie Enemy, and have therefore with all submission besought you, High and Mighty, that you would be pleased to be careful that nothing may be done to the prejudice of its commenced proceedings, which have been of such benefit to this country but that the Company ;

High and Mighty Lords, We have heretofore represented, in writing, to your High Mightinesses, that our constituents, the respective Chambers of tlie Incorporated West India Company, think and fear that the utter ruin and dissolution of said Company will be the consequence of the present negotiaiion for a Trace with tiie Enemy, and have therefore with all submission besought you, High and Mighty, that you would be pleased to be careful that nothing may be done to the prejudice of its commenced proceedings, which have been of such benefit to this country but that the Company ;

may, as heretofore, be also in future, strengthened and supported, and continue thus sustained, in order more and more to be of good service to this state and the stockholders. We have now considered it further necessary and useful to explain to you. High and Mighty, in all submission, the reasons of our fear, in order that your High Mightinesses being informed thereof, may more seriously consider the same; and to answer all such objections as may be brought forward to the contrary, so as to remove all arguments which may influence you. High and Mighty, to judge otherwise, of the importance of this matter. ' Your High Mightinesses are aware, and it is not unknown to us, that this Company was in the commencement, designed principally to increase Trade and Commerce, without which the great multitude of seamen bestowed by God on this country cannot be employed, and all

occupations maintained in continual action and prosperity; that, also, those who supposed themselves most conversant with this trade, were of opinion that the West India Countries

High and Mighty, to judge otherwise, of the importance of this matter. ' Your High Mightinesses are aware, and it is not unknown to us, that this Company was in the commencement, designed principally to increase Trade and Commerce, without which the great multitude of seamen bestowed by God on this country cannot be employed, and all

occupations maintained in continual action and prosperity; that, also, those who supposed themselves most conversant with this trade, were of opinion that the West India Countries

were not so exposed to the attacks of our enemies the Spaniards and Portuguese, but that trade could be carried on with sundry nations and people; colonists transported, and plantations of various products promoted, from which advantages could be derived equal to those our aforesaid enemies have realized since many years, to the strengthening considerably of the King of Spain's finances. And in case of delay or ill success, it was expected to make good a portion of the loss, by going to Punta del Rey for salt; but in consequence of the tedious negotiations with the North quarter, we are entirely cut off by the enemy from the Salt Trade at the Punta; and as regards general trade, experience has now made us wiser, and shown, that the proposition founded on grounds altogether too weak and that the trade with is ;

those nations and people, who still remain independent of the King of Spain, is very meager and trifling; and that the countries, yet uninvaded, are for the most part of little consequence and unproductive, or if good and fruitful, are very difficult of cultivation, especially for our people, who, being unaccustomed to so hot a climate, can with great difficulty betake themselves to agriculture; and being unprovided with slaves, and not used to the employment of them, cannot, like the Spaniards and Portuguese, supply through others, their own Moreover, the colonizing such wild and uncultivated countries, insufficiency. demands more inhabitants than we can well supply; not so much through lack of population, in which our provinces abound, as from the fact, that all who are inclined to do any sort of work here, procure enough to eat without any trouble; and are, therefore, unwilling to go far from home on an uncertainty; to this may be added, the doubt of being able to protect it,

those nations and people, who still remain independent of the King of Spain, is very meager and trifling; and that the countries, yet uninvaded, are for the most part of little consequence and unproductive, or if good and fruitful, are very difficult of cultivation, especially for our people, who, being unaccustomed to so hot a climate, can with great difficulty betake themselves to agriculture; and being unprovided with slaves, and not used to the employment of them, cannot, like the Spaniards and Portuguese, supply through others, their own Moreover, the colonizing such wild and uncultivated countries, insufficiency. demands more inhabitants than we can well supply; not so much through lack of population, in which our provinces abound, as from the fact, that all who are inclined to do any sort of work here, procure enough to eat without any trouble; and are, therefore, unwilling to go far from home on an uncertainty; to this may be added, the doubt of being able to protect it,

40 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. unless at greater and heavier expense than the returns are worth that may probably be derived from thence. But in order that you, High and Mighty, may be correctly informed herein, and understand tlie situation of the countries yet uniiivaded by our enemies, we shall explain to you more particularly the extent and condition thereof, from one end of our boundaries in West India to the other. The limits granted to us by Your High Mightinesses, start from, or begin on the iVorth at, Nova Francia, the bounds whereof were extended somewhat too far by the French so that ;

But in order that you, High and Mighty, may be correctly informed herein, and understand tlie situation of the countries yet uniiivaded by our enemies, we shall explain to you more particularly the extent and condition thereof, from one end of our boundaries in West India to the other. The limits granted to us by Your High Mightinesses, start from, or begin on the iVorth at, Nova Francia, the bounds whereof were extended somewhat too far by the French so that ;

they have even been inclined to dispute us Ni:w Nclherland, which is the first country occupied and possessed by our people; and the Company, on that account, have suffered, of late years, notorious damage by reprisals. Now, this district, which we have named New Nethcrland, although it ought to be, in point of climate, as warm and as well adapted for the cultivation of fruits at least, as the furthest frontiers of France towards Spain; yet it has been found much colder, and as much subject to frost and other inconveniences as these; nay, as more northern countries. The people conveyed by us thither, have, therefore, found but scanty means of livelihood up to the present time ; and have not been any profit, but a drawback, to this Company. The trade carried on there in peltries, is right advantageous; but one year with another, we can, at most, bring home only Fifty thousand guilders. Proceeding more southerly, next comes Virginia, possessed by the English and Florida, so far as it has ;

The people conveyed by us thither, have, therefore, found but scanty means of livelihood up to the present time ; and have not been any profit, but a drawback, to this Company. The trade carried on there in peltries, is right advantageous; but one year with another, we can, at most, bring home only Fifty thousand guilders. Proceeding more southerly, next comes Virginia, possessed by the English and Florida, so far as it has ;

commercial advantages, by the Spaniards. For, although Florida is extensive, the places occupied by the Spaniards are few, and the harbors, even for middling ships, so rare that there is but very small probability of being able to execute anything advantageously there. The large Islands are settled by the Spaniards, etc Exhibited 23'* October, 1629.

Considerations in regard to the Truce with Spain.

[ From the Origin.M in the Eoyal Archives at the Hague ; File, Weft Indie. ]

Extract of the Reasons and Considerations submitted by the Directors of the Incorporated West India Company to their High Mightinesses, the Lords States, in the present deliberation regarding the truce with the King of Spain. Exhibited the 16 Novemb., 1629.

High and Mighty Lords, Although we are confident that you. High and Mighty, can in your usual wisdom, and will, pursuant to your special regard and favor for us, consider that the security and welfare of our beloved Fatherland is most intimately connected with the preservation and prosperity of our Company, yet we have deemed it our duty to lay, with all submission, before you. High and Mighty, in a summary manner, the principal points which, in these parts, ought to be taken into consideration. First: it is to be considered with what longing the Company has been expected, for many years, by all good Patriots at home, and all good wishers of our state abroad ; and how slowly

High and Mighty, can in your usual wisdom, and will, pursuant to your special regard and favor for us, consider that the security and welfare of our beloved Fatherland is most intimately connected with the preservation and prosperity of our Company, yet we have deemed it our duty to lay, with all submission, before you. High and Mighty, in a summary manner, the principal points which, in these parts, ought to be taken into consideration. First: it is to be considered with what longing the Company has been expected, for many years, by all good Patriots at home, and all good wishers of our state abroad ; and how slowly

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS: L 41

it has been brought to maturity, against numerous contradictions and countermines on the part of others. Secondly: that you, High and Mighty, have, of your own motion and unasl^ed, incorporated your subjects, and promised, in the form of a mutual contract and reciprocal connection, to afford them every help in case of war, and to maintain, in their integrity, all their contracts with foreigners. Thirdly : that thereupon, the Capital of this Company was wholly subscribed and sufficiently paid through the several efforts of the Directors appointed thereunto by you. High and in,

Mighty, by such as you yourselves consider have most at lieart the maintenance of the true Reformed religion and the liberties of our beloved Fatherland ; so that many have contributed

abundantly thereunto even out of their poverty. Fourthly: that by means of this Company, even from its very incipiency, a great number of ships were partly purchased and partly chartered, which otherwise must have lain idle in consequence of the dullness of trade. Fifthly: that by means of the same, many large and small vessels, and especially, very fine and fast sailing yachts have been built, to the great increase of Navigation.

Mighty, by such as you yourselves consider have most at lieart the maintenance of the true Reformed religion and the liberties of our beloved Fatherland ; so that many have contributed

abundantly thereunto even out of their poverty. Fourthly: that by means of this Company, even from its very incipiency, a great number of ships were partly purchased and partly chartered, which otherwise must have lain idle in consequence of the dullness of trade. Fifthly: that by means of the same, many large and small vessels, and especially, very fine and fast sailing yachts have been built, to the great increase of Navigation. Sixthly: that the number of our vessels has, from time to time, so much increased, that we have at present over one hundred full rigged ships, of various burthens, at sea, mostly fitted for war. Seventhly: that we have employed, from time to time, in said ships, a great number of seamen and soldiers, so that we had last year 9,000 men, and now, at present, full 15,000 in our service; whereby the people were wonderfully benefited; many experienced pilots formed, and so many educated, that the country can always find fit persons to be employed on board its ships as chief and subordinate officers. Eighthly: that we have victualled the aforesaid ships, some for 12, some for 15, and even many for IS months and more. Ninthly: that we have provided our ships so well with heavy guns, that we had, last year, on board our marine, full 264 metal pieces, amongst which were many demi-carthouns and ;

Seventhly: that we have employed, from time to time, in said ships, a great number of seamen and soldiers, so that we had last year 9,000 men, and now, at present, full 15,000 in our service; whereby the people were wonderfully benefited; many experienced pilots formed, and so many educated, that the country can always find fit persons to be employed on board its ships as chief and subordinate officers. Eighthly: that we have victualled the aforesaid ships, some for 12, some for 15, and even many for IS months and more. Ninthly: that we have provided our ships so well with heavy guns, that we had, last year, on board our marine, full 264 metal pieces, amongst which were many demi-carthouns and ;

nearly 1400 heavy swivels (gotelingen), which number is much increased this year, so that we have at present over 400 metal pieces on board of our ships, and over 2000 swivels (gotelingen), besides pedereros to the number of far beyond 600. And finally: that we have provided them with a great quantity of powder, mostly manufactured in this country, so that we have expended, this year, on board our ships, over one hundred thousand pounds of powder. From all which it must at once be seen, what trade our equipments have created in this country; how many people we have employed, and with what a remarkable force we have increased Your High Mightinesses' navy, of which Your High Mightinesses can make use in time of need, as the Company's aid, without boasting, was particularly well timed in the last public difficulties. It is now to be further considered what wealth these, our ships, have brought into this country. First: omitting what has been imported these previous years in course of trade in gold, elephants' teeth, pepper, hides, peltries, timber, salt and such like; the silver, coined and in bars, received in the beginning of this year, in consequence of the capture of the fleet from New Spain, amounted to so great a treasure, that never did any fleet bring such a prize to this, or any other country.

It is now to be further considered what wealth these, our ships, have brought into this country. First: omitting what has been imported these previous years in course of trade in gold, elephants' teeth, pepper, hides, peltries, timber, salt and such like; the silver, coined and in bars, received in the beginning of this year, in consequence of the capture of the fleet from New Spain, amounted to so great a treasure, that never did any fleet bring such a prize to this, or any other country. Vol. T. 6

42 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. Secondly: we have now, during some consecutive years, plundered the enemy and enriched this country with many large parcels of Indigo, so that over 4000 cases have been received at the close of the last, and the beginning of this year. Thirdly : a large quantity of Sugar, so that we have brought in, this year alone, three thousand chests. Fourthly : a wonderful large quantity of Raw hides, and have taken 36™ principally this year from the enemy. Fifthly : the handsomest lot of Cochineal that was ever brought into this country. Sixthly : a considerable quantity of Tobacco, which is now an important article of commerce. And finally, a vast amount of wealth in all sorts of precious stones, silk and silk goods, musk, amber, all sorts of drugs, Brazil and Log Wood and other wares, too numerous to mention here; so that we have already brought several millions into this country. All which wares, sold and distributed among the good inhabitants, were consumed here and conveyed elsewhere, and therefore enriched your High Mightinesses' subjects, and increased the revenue- The damage done thereby to our enemies, is easily estimated. We have, moreover, captured some even of the King of Spain's galeons, hitherto considered invincible, besides some other of his men of War, exclusive of more than two hundred ships and barks which we have taken from his subjects, and partly appropriated to our own use, and partly destroyed.

All which wares, sold and distributed among the good inhabitants, were consumed here and conveyed elsewhere, and therefore enriched your High Mightinesses' subjects, and increased the revenue- The damage done thereby to our enemies, is easily estimated. We have, moreover, captured some even of the King of Spain's galeons, hitherto considered invincible, besides some other of his men of War, exclusive of more than two hundred ships and barks which we have taken from his subjects, and partly appropriated to our own use, and partly destroyed. Our ships and fleets also reduced, and for a time kept possession of, the rich and mighty city of St. Salvador, in Brazil ; sacked Porto Rico; pointed out the way to seize its exceedingly enclosed harbors, and have destroyed the castle of Margrita. By all which acts have we not only drained the King of Spain's treasury, but also further pursued him at considerable expense. We say, exhausted his treasury -- First, by depriving him of so much silver, which was as blood from one of the arteries of his heart. Secondly, by &c. Your High Mightinesses' Humble Servants, The Deputies of the Chartered West India Company at the Assembly of the XIX. ( Signed ) Ant' Godin, Symon van der Does. Marcus van Valckenburch, de Moor, Jo» DE Laet, Diederich Scherff, PiETERzoNS, Abraham Oyens, J. Van der Nyenbur«, Wefrinck.'

' The above document will be found entire in Aitzema, Stoat en Oorhgh, folio, I., 902 ; 4to II., 912, -where it is signed by: Ketnibr Rkael, a. Pietersons, Didrich ScHEKr, Antoni Godin, Gerbit tan Ktburgb, Abraham Otens, I. DK Laet, Symon Verdoes, Albert Wtffbinck. Mabchs van Valckenburgh Johan de Moob, '

Your High Mightinesses' Humble Servants, The Deputies of the Chartered West India Company at the Assembly of the XIX. ( Signed ) Ant' Godin, Symon van der Does. Marcus van Valckenburch, de Moor, Jo» DE Laet, Diederich Scherff, PiETERzoNS, Abraham Oyens, J. Van der Nyenbur«, Wefrinck.'

' The above document will be found entire in Aitzema, Stoat en Oorhgh, folio, I., 902 ; 4to II., 912, -where it is signed by: Ketnibr Rkael, a. Pietersons, Didrich ScHEKr, Antoni Godin, Gerbit tan Ktburgb, Abraham Otens, I. DK Laet, Symon Verdoes, Albert Wtffbinck. Mabchs van Valckenburgh Johan de Moob, '

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS: L 43

Patent to Messrs. Godyn and Blommaert for a Tract of land on Delaware Bay. [ From Ihe Original ; and from the Eecord in Book G G., in the office of Ihe Secretary of Slate, Albany, N.T. ]

We, the Director and Council in New Netiierland, residing on the Island Manahatas and ia Fort Amsterdam, under the authority of their High Mightinesses the Lords States General of the United Netherlands, and of the Incorporated West India Company, Chamber at Amsterdam, hereby acknowledge and declare, that on this day, the date underwritten, came and appeared before us, in their proper persons, Queskakous and Eesanques Siconesius, and the inhabitants of their village, situate at the South cape of the Bay of the South River, and freely and voluntarily declared, by special authority of the rulers and consent of the Commonalty there, that they already, on the first day of the month of June of the past year, 1629, for and on account of certain parcels of cargoes, which they, previous to the passing hereof, acknowledged to have received and got into their hands and power, to their full satisfaction, have transported, ceded, given over and conveyed in just, true and free property, as they hereby transport, cede, give over and convey to, and for the behoof of, Mess" Samuel Godin and Samuel Blommart, absent; and for whom We, by virtue of our office, under proper stipulation, do accept the same, namely: the Land to them belonging, situate on the South side of the aforesaid Bay, by us called The Bay of the South River, extending in length from C.

We, the Director and Council in New Netiierland, residing on the Island Manahatas and ia Fort Amsterdam, under the authority of their High Mightinesses the Lords States General of the United Netherlands, and of the Incorporated West India Company, Chamber at Amsterdam, hereby acknowledge and declare, that on this day, the date underwritten, came and appeared before us, in their proper persons, Queskakous and Eesanques Siconesius, and the inhabitants of their village, situate at the South cape of the Bay of the South River, and freely and voluntarily declared, by special authority of the rulers and consent of the Commonalty there, that they already, on the first day of the month of June of the past year, 1629, for and on account of certain parcels of cargoes, which they, previous to the passing hereof, acknowledged to have received and got into their hands and power, to their full satisfaction, have transported, ceded, given over and conveyed in just, true and free property, as they hereby transport, cede, give over and convey to, and for the behoof of, Mess" Samuel Godin and Samuel Blommart, absent; and for whom We, by virtue of our office, under proper stipulation, do accept the same, namely: the Land to them belonging, situate on the South side of the aforesaid Bay, by us called The Bay of the South River, extending in length from C. Hinlopen off unto the mouth of the aforesaid South River, about eight leagues (groole mylen), and half a league in breadth, into the interior, extending to a certain marsh (leegle) or valley, through which these limits can be clearly enough distinguished. And that with all the action, right and jurisdiction to them in the aforesaid quality, therein appertaining, constituting and surrogating the said Mess" Godin and Blommaert in their stead, state, real and actual possession thereof; and giving them, at the same time, full and irrevocable authority, power and special command, to hold in quiet possession, occupancy and use, tanquam Actores et Procuratores in rem propriam, the aforesaid land acquired by the above mentioned Mess" Godin and Blommaert, or those who may hereafter obtain their interest; also to do, barter, and dispose thereof, as they may do with their own well and lawfully acquired lands.

And that with all the action, right and jurisdiction to them in the aforesaid quality, therein appertaining, constituting and surrogating the said Mess" Godin and Blommaert in their stead, state, real and actual possession thereof; and giving them, at the same time, full and irrevocable authority, power and special command, to hold in quiet possession, occupancy and use, tanquam Actores et Procuratores in rem propriam, the aforesaid land acquired by the above mentioned Mess" Godin and Blommaert, or those who may hereafter obtain their interest; also to do, barter, and dispose thereof, as they may do with their own well and lawfully acquired lands. Without they, the Grantors, having, reserving, or retaining for the future, any, the smallest part, right, action or authority, whether of property, command or jurisdiction therein; but now, hereby, for ever and a day desisting, retiring from, abandoning and renouncing the same for the behoof aforesaid ; promising further, not only to observe, fulfill and to hold fast, unbroken and irrevocable, this their conveyance, and whatever may be done in virtue thereof, but, also, the said parcel of land to maintain against every one and to deliver free of controversies, gainsays and contradictions, by whomsoever instituted against the same. All in good faith without guile or deceit. In Witness is this confirmed with our usual signature and with our seal dependant therefrom. Done on the aforesaid Island Manahatas, this fifteenth of July, XVP and thirty. (Signed) Peter Minuit, Director, PlETEK ByLVELT, ^^

Jacob Elbertsen Wissinck, Jan Jansen Brouwer, Symon Dircksen Pos, Reyner Harmensen.

Without they, the Grantors, having, reserving, or retaining for the future, any, the smallest part, right, action or authority, whether of property, command or jurisdiction therein; but now, hereby, for ever and a day desisting, retiring from, abandoning and renouncing the same for the behoof aforesaid ; promising further, not only to observe, fulfill and to hold fast, unbroken and irrevocable, this their conveyance, and whatever may be done in virtue thereof, but, also, the said parcel of land to maintain against every one and to deliver free of controversies, gainsays and contradictions, by whomsoever instituted against the same. All in good faith without guile or deceit. In Witness is this confirmed with our usual signature and with our seal dependant therefrom. Done on the aforesaid Island Manahatas, this fifteenth of July, XVP and thirty. (Signed) Peter Minuit, Director, PlETEK ByLVELT, ^^

Jacob Elbertsen Wissinck, Jan Jansen Brouwer, Symon Dircksen Pos, Reyner Harmensen.

Jan Lampe, Sheriff.

44 NEW-YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS.

Patent to Kiliaen Van Rensselaer for a Tract of Land on HudsorCs River. [ From the anlhentic Transcript in the Royal Ardiires at the Hagnc ; File, Vent Indie. ]

Anno 1630, adi 13th of August. We, the Director and Council of New Netherland, residing on the Island Manhatas and in Fort Amsterdam, under the authority of their High Mightinesses the Lords States General of the United Netherlands and the Incorporated West India Company, Chamber at Amsterdam, do hereby acl^nowledge and declare, that on this day, the date under written, feefore us appeared and presented themselves in their proper persons Kottomack, :

Patent to Kiliaen Van Rensselaer for a Tract of Land on HudsorCs River. [ From the anlhentic Transcript in the Royal Ardiires at the Hagnc ; File, Vent Indie. ]

Anno 1630, adi 13th of August. We, the Director and Council of New Netherland, residing on the Island Manhatas and in Fort Amsterdam, under the authority of their High Mightinesses the Lords States General of the United Netherlands and the Incorporated West India Company, Chamber at Amsterdam, do hereby acl^nowledge and declare, that on this day, the date under written, feefore us appeared and presented themselves in their proper persons Kottomack, :

Nawanemit Albantzeene, Sagiskwa and Kanaomack, owners and proprietors of their respective parcels of land, extending up the River, South and North, from said Fort unto a little south of Moeneminnes Castle, to the aforesaid proprietors, belonging jointly and in common, and the aforesaid Nawanemit's particular land called Semesseerse, lying on the East Bank opposite Castle Island off unto the abovementioned Fort; Item, from Petanock, the Millstream, away North to Negagonse, in extent about three miles, and declared freely and advisedly for and on account of certain parcels of Cargoes, which they acknowledge to have received in their hands and power before the execution hereof, and, by virtue and bill of sale, to hereby transport, convey and make over to the Mr. Kiliaen van Rensselaer, absent, and for whom We, ex officio and with due stipulation, accept the same; namely: the respective parcels of land hereinbefore specified, with the timber, appendencies and dependencies thereof together with all the action, right and jurisdiction to them the grantors conjointly or severally belonging, constituting and surrogating the said Mr. Rensselaer in their stead, state and right, real and actual possession thereof, and at the same time giving him full, absolute and irrevocable power, authority and special command to hold, in quiet possession, cultivation, occupancy and use, tanquam actor et procurator in rem suam ac propriam, the land aforesaid, acquired by said Mr.

Kiliaen van Rensselaer, absent, and for whom We, ex officio and with due stipulation, accept the same; namely: the respective parcels of land hereinbefore specified, with the timber, appendencies and dependencies thereof together with all the action, right and jurisdiction to them the grantors conjointly or severally belonging, constituting and surrogating the said Mr. Rensselaer in their stead, state and right, real and actual possession thereof, and at the same time giving him full, absolute and irrevocable power, authority and special command to hold, in quiet possession, cultivation, occupancy and use, tanquam actor et procurator in rem suam ac propriam, the land aforesaid, acquired by said Mr. Van Rensselaer, or those who may hereafter acquire his interest; also, to dispose of, do with and alienate it, as he or others should or might do with his other and own Lands and domains acquired by good and lawful title, without the grantors therein retaining, reserving or holding any, the smallest part, right, action or authority whether of property, command or jurisdiction, but rather, hereby, desisting, retiring and renouncing therefrom forever, for the behoof aforesaid further ;

promising this their conveyance and whatever may by virtue thereof be done, not only forever to hold fast and irrevocable, to observe and to fultill, but also to give security for the surrender of the aforesaid land, obligans et renuncians a bona fide. In testimony is this confirmed by our usual signature, with the ordinary seal thereunto depending. Done at the aforesaid Island Manahatas and Fort Amsterdam, on the day and year aforesaid. Signed, Peter M:nuit, Director; Pieter Bylvelt, Jacob Elbertss. Wissinck, Jan Jassen Brouwer, Symon Dirckss. Pos, Reyner Harmensen, Jan Lampe, Sheriff. There was, besides: This Conveyance written with mine own hand is, in consequence of the Secretary's absence, executed in my presence on the thirteenth day of August, XVI'=, and thirty, as above.

In testimony is this confirmed by our usual signature, with the ordinary seal thereunto depending. Done at the aforesaid Island Manahatas and Fort Amsterdam, on the day and year aforesaid. Signed, Peter M:nuit, Director; Pieter Bylvelt, Jacob Elbertss. Wissinck, Jan Jassen Brouwer, Symon Dirckss. Pos, Reyner Harmensen, Jan Lampe, Sheriff. There was, besides: This Conveyance written with mine own hand is, in consequence of the Secretary's absence, executed in my presence on the thirteenth day of August, XVI'=, and thirty, as above. Signed, Lenart Cole, Deputy Secretary. After collating with the Original, dated, signed and sealed as above, this Copy is found to agree with it. Amsterdam, the 5"" September, 1672. In testimony, (Signed) Adriaen Lock, Notaris Publ. 1672.

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS: I. 45

Subjects for the Consideration of the AssemUy of the XIX. [ From the Original In the Royal Archives at the Hague ; File, TTasi IndU. ]

Points for Consideration on which all the Chambers of the West India Company are convoked for the 20"" March, 1632, at Amsterdam ; from which is

extracted so much as relates to New Netherland.

14"- Point.

And observing the misconstructions which occur in the Freedoms and Exemptions to the Colonists, the adjourned members shall therefore come to resume the same and bring with them the lists of their receipt, together with the names of those, who are admitted as Planters.

Exhibited 19 March, 1632.

Mr. van Arnhem to the States General. [ From the Original in the Royal Archives at the Hague ; File, Vest Indie. ]

extracted so much as relates to New Netherland.

14"- Point.

And observing the misconstructions which occur in the Freedoms and Exemptions to the Colonists, the adjourned members shall therefore come to resume the same and bring with them the lists of their receipt, together with the names of those, who are admitted as Planters.

Exhibited 19 March, 1632.

Mr. van Arnhem to the States General. [ From the Original in the Royal Archives at the Hague ; File, Vest Indie. ]

High and Mighty Lords. The Directors of the West India Company have informed us that one of their ships, named de Eendracht, coming from New Netherland and touching at Plymouth, in England, was seized there; first, on pretence that the cargo of the ship was procured in the English Colonies; next, tiiat the Company had appropriated some countries belonging to the English; notwithstanding

said trade was prosecuted at such places in New Netherland; to wit, between the North and South Rivers; which have been always in the peaceable and uncontroverted possession of the Company; and those of said Company have never encroached on the English. Then, it is well to remark, that this intrigue was set on foot by the Spanish Ambassador in England; for, the Company is credibly informed, the said Ambassador will endeavor to lay claim to all their ships arriving there, in order thus by all possible means to obstruct said trade. Which cannot but cause great injury to the Company, and, consequently, to your High Mightinesses. Tlierefore, we cannot forbear hereby respectfully soliciting your High Mightinesses to be graciously pleased so to recommend these and similar matters which may occur in England, to your High Mightinesses' Ambassador and Delegate there, that they may afford the Company all favorable assistance herein; and, especially, in case the Earl of Carlisle (as he hath given out) may lay claim to the said Company's ships in regard to a certain Island of St.

Which cannot but cause great injury to the Company, and, consequently, to your High Mightinesses. Tlierefore, we cannot forbear hereby respectfully soliciting your High Mightinesses to be graciously pleased so to recommend these and similar matters which may occur in England, to your High Mightinesses' Ambassador and Delegate there, that they may afford the Company all favorable assistance herein; and, especially, in case the Earl of Carlisle (as he hath given out) may lay claim to the said Company's ships in regard to a certain Island of St. Martyn; maintaining that it was granted to him by the King, notwithstanding the aforesaid Earl never had any people there; but it was made use of by the Company. And here ending, we shall pray God to bless your High Mightinesses' government, and remain, High and Mighty Lords, Your High Mightinesses' humble Servants, From Amsterdam, the S"" April, 1632. (Signed) G. van Arnhem. Received, 7 April, 1632.

46 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. As M' Olikan is not here, and this must be closed, it is not signed by him.

The address was as follows: The High and Mighty, Lords States General, of the United Netherlands, in The Hague.

Resolution of the States General to write to their Ambassador in England. [ From the Register of Eesolntions of the States General, in the Royal Archives at the Hague. ]

Wednesday, 7"" April, 1632. Polio 216. Received a letter from Mr. Arnhem, their High Mightinesses' associate Delegate to the Assembly of the XIX., M' Olican absent, written at Amsterdam the 5"" inst, and seconded by the verbal petition of Mr. Adriaen Pieterson, Director of the aforesaid Company, in order to obtain letters to Ambassador Joachimi and Deputy Govert Brasser, with a view Ship Unity. that, through their intercession, the Ship Emdrachl, coming from New Netherland and touching at Plymouth, in England, and there seized, should be again released and discharged ; which, being considered, it is hereby resolved and decided, to allow and grant the letters aforesaid in the best form.

Arnhem, their High Mightinesses' associate Delegate to the Assembly of the XIX., M' Olican absent, written at Amsterdam the 5"" inst, and seconded by the verbal petition of Mr. Adriaen Pieterson, Director of the aforesaid Company, in order to obtain letters to Ambassador Joachimi and Deputy Govert Brasser, with a view Ship Unity. that, through their intercession, the Ship Emdrachl, coming from New Netherland and touching at Plymouth, in England, and there seized, should be again released and discharged ; which, being considered, it is hereby resolved and decided, to allow and grant the letters aforesaid in the best form.

General to their Ambassadors in England. [ From the Minute in the Eoyal Archives at the Hague ; File, West Indie. ]

To Mess" Joachimi and Brasser, their High Mightinesses' Ambassador and Deputy in England ; the 7"' April, 1632.

The States, etc. Honorable. The Directors deputed to the Assembly of the XIX. of the West India Company, at Amsterdam, have represented to us that the Ship Eendrachl, on arriving at Plymouth, from New Netherland, was, by the Vice admiral and Captains of the Plymouth Castles, seized on the false information of the provost of said Ship, who was dissatisfied, because he could not have his earned wages paid to him there, (which he must first receive at Amsterdam) and of the Pilot, who, in opposition to the Director and Skipper, being on shore got married. But a settlement being had, with much difficulty, she was released again, and the aforesaid provost, having received his wages, went up to London, and before the ship

The Directors deputed to the Assembly of the XIX. of the West India Company, at Amsterdam, have represented to us that the Ship Eendrachl, on arriving at Plymouth, from New Netherland, was, by the Vice admiral and Captains of the Plymouth Castles, seized on the false information of the provost of said Ship, who was dissatisfied, because he could not have his earned wages paid to him there, (which he must first receive at Amsterdam) and of the Pilot, who, in opposition to the Director and Skipper, being on shore got married. But a settlement being had, with much difficulty, she was released again, and the aforesaid provost, having received his wages, went up to London, and before the ship

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS : I.

could depart, brought down a second arresl, in which the ship must remain and be yet detained with its freight, solely upon ao untrue representation that the Peltries were bought within the jurisdiction or district belonging to his Majesty of Great Britain, whereas they were, on the contrary, bartered in New Netherland, under our resort and within the limits of the above named Company's charter, on the South and North Rivers, where there are not any English Colonies or Trading Posts. And whereas, by such arrest and detention, in direct contravention of the Articles of the Fifteen Years' union, and especially of the Concession of freedoms granted by his said Majesty to the above Company's Ships, said Company is most deeply prejudiced, and put to excessively great expense, such as loss of wages and consumption of stores, amounting, daily, to a large sum, besides the loss of the season for the sale of which go mostly to Russia, and could otherwise have been sold with the peltries peltries,

And whereas, by such arrest and detention, in direct contravention of the Articles of the Fifteen Years' union, and especially of the Concession of freedoms granted by his said Majesty to the above Company's Ships, said Company is most deeply prejudiced, and put to excessively great expense, such as loss of wages and consumption of stores, amounting, daily, to a large sum, besides the loss of the season for the sale of which go mostly to Russia, and could otherwise have been sold with the peltries peltries,

already advertised. And, moreover, the crew of the aforesaid ship had so much the more time afforded them to take away, in violation of their oath, great quantities of the peltries belonging to the Company, and to convey the same stealthily into the interior, or elsewhere. Therefore, we cannot, neither must we, neglect to request and solicit you hereby, to do the Company such good offices and kindnesses with the King of Great Britain and other persons, if necessary, to the end that not only the aforesaid ship and goods may be immediately released from arrest, free of costs and damages, but, also, that order may be given that hereafter such unfounded attachments and impediments may be avoided, and the Company freed from such inconveniences, troubles and annoyances. And in case the aforesaid, or any other ship, may, in consequence of the unfounded pretensions of the Earl of Carlisle, be troubled about a certain Island, St. Martin, claimed to have been given him by the King; where, nevertheless, the said Earl never had any people, but which has been made use of by the above mentioned Company, you will, on the contrary, allege such reasons as you will consider most applicable in the premises. Relying on which, we commend you to God's protection.

And in case the aforesaid, or any other ship, may, in consequence of the unfounded pretensions of the Earl of Carlisle, be troubled about a certain Island, St. Martin, claimed to have been given him by the King; where, nevertheless, the said Earl never had any people, but which has been made use of by the above mentioned Company, you will, on the contrary, allege such reasons as you will consider most applicable in the premises. Relying on which, we commend you to God's protection. At the Hague, the T"" April, 1G32.

Messi's. Joachimi and Brasser to the States General.

[ From the Original, remaining in tiie Royal ArctiiveB at tlie Hague ; File, Sngeland. ]

High and Mighty Lords.

My Lords. Let this despatch be Our last to your High Mightinesses, was of the SS"" of last month. Since then of "the Lorus of We havc complaiucd r D the Lord High through O Treasurer, of the r publication of the ' Heemstede and

an^b"r™cu^i"im! ^ook On the cveuts at Amboina; and also, requested that his Lordship would ?onfe?'wfth'hiVEi° prevent the exportation of warlike stores to the enemy setting forth the ;

Md^o7epOT^I)'o°ae advantage which this kingdom might, in time and place, derive therefrom. His ed) coMt. kv'^B, Lordship said, he had not given any consent to have the book printed ; and that he well knew the Council had no knowledge of it. That the Bishop, or Secretaries, were in the habit of giving such licences; that he agreed with us, it were better

an^b"r™cu^i"im! ^ook On the cveuts at Amboina; and also, requested that his Lordship would ?onfe?'wfth'hiVEi° prevent the exportation of warlike stores to the enemy setting forth the ;

Md^o7epOT^I)'o°ae advantage which this kingdom might, in time and place, derive therefrom. His ed) coMt. kv'^B, Lordship said, he had not given any consent to have the book printed ; and that he well knew the Council had no knowledge of it. That the Bishop, or Secretaries, were in the habit of giving such licences; that he agreed with us, it were better

48 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. omitted. But that such was permitted in the case of the East India Company, which is much dissatisfied, because it does not receive any satisfaction for the Amboiiia affair. And in regard to the export of warlilie stores, that the Council had requested his opinion thereupon, in connection with his Majesty's finances, and that he had then disapproved thereof. We, nevertheless, have been, afterwards, informed tiiat the exportation is permitted to Spain and Italy. His Lordship told us, among other things, that he had copy of the Instruction given to Don Gunsalva di Cordua, from Spain, to the effect that he should proceed quietly in all other matters, except in regard to the reconciliation of the King with his mother and brother; that he should therein proceed zealously and earnestly. He also said, he had advice from the English Ambassador, resident in France, that such was the case; and having received no satisfaction therein, he had refused to accept a costly rapier from the King, and a certain present from the Queen. And his Lordship added, moreover, that he thought the first news we should receive from Spain, would, also, bring intelligence that tiie Spaniards from Catalonia had fallen on France; for which purpose great Naval preparations were making in the Mediteranean.

He also said, he had advice from the English Ambassador, resident in France, that such was the case; and having received no satisfaction therein, he had refused to accept a costly rapier from the King, and a certain present from the Queen. And his Lordship added, moreover, that he thought the first news we should receive from Spain, would, also, bring intelligence that tiie Spaniards from Catalonia had fallen on France; for which purpose great Naval preparations were making in the Mediteranean. We likewise addressed ourselves to Mr. Secretary Kooke, whom we found much excited in the India affair; and soon observed, that he had consented to the publication of the Book. His Lordship was so violent in the matter, that, when we afterwards spoke to him of Captain le Clercq's trial, and the wrong suffered therein, he gave us for answer, Amboina. When he complained of the proceedings of the Admiralty at Rotterdam, in the case of the owners of the Ship the Kint, (the Child); we answered thereunto, that we should afford his Lordship good satisfaction, whenever the complaint was laid before us. His Lordship hath since received the Seals of the Foreign affairs; so that, hereafter, all these matters will pass through his hands. We have congratulated his Lordship, and expressed our satisfaction that his Majesty had been pleased employ him therein, as we were well aware that his Lordship was to always disposed to good correspondence between this kingdom and the United maintain Countries. Indeed, his Lordship is, also, well disposed towards the Reformed religion, and not favorable to Spain and labors strenuously to establish the English nation in trade and commerce. ;

His Lordship hath since received the Seals of the Foreign affairs; so that, hereafter, all these matters will pass through his hands. We have congratulated his Lordship, and expressed our satisfaction that his Majesty had been pleased employ him therein, as we were well aware that his Lordship was to always disposed to good correspondence between this kingdom and the United maintain Countries. Indeed, his Lordship is, also, well disposed towards the Reformed religion, and not favorable to Spain and labors strenuously to establish the English nation in trade and commerce. ;

As all matters must henceforth pass through the hands of this gentleman, and the expeditions be advanced by him, your High Mightinesses will please to consider in your great wisdom, whether it would not be for your High Mightinesses' service to present him some token of courtesey on his entrance into office. Whatever your High Mightinesses resolve to apropriale thereto, may be paid here from the balance of the payment of 100,000 guilders which have begun to be disbursed, on account of the 650,000 for which Mr. Carleton signed; then, should there be a deficit of 3, 4 to 5, 1000 guilders, nothing, in our opinion, would be thought about it here. His Majesty being returned here on the first of April, we requested his answer to our proposals made at New Market, and, in addition, complained of the seizure since at Plymouth of a certain ship named the Ecndracht, belonging to the West India Company, and now coming from New Netherland, where your High Mightinesses' subjects have long peaceably traded, and, moreover, many years ago planted a colony on a certain island named Manathans, situate on the river also of the same name, which they purchased from the native inhabitants and paid for. That your High Mightinesses' said subjects had hitherto, in going and coming, peaceably made use of the harbors of England, without opposition from any quarter, and that a ship coming from thence, was now seized for having traded within his Majesty's territories.

His Majesty being returned here on the first of April, we requested his answer to our proposals made at New Market, and, in addition, complained of the seizure since at Plymouth of a certain ship named the Ecndracht, belonging to the West India Company, and now coming from New Netherland, where your High Mightinesses' subjects have long peaceably traded, and, moreover, many years ago planted a colony on a certain island named Manathans, situate on the river also of the same name, which they purchased from the native inhabitants and paid for. That your High Mightinesses' said subjects had hitherto, in going and coming, peaceably made use of the harbors of England, without opposition from any quarter, and that a ship coming from thence, was now seized for having traded within his Majesty's territories.

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS: I. 49

The King answered us distinctly on every particular; saying, that the affair of Captain le Clercq, was, in itself, a trifle; but that he, moreover, well knew that the matters were, in principle, of great importance. That he, therefore, will fully inform himself about the bringing in the prizes taken from our enemies, and give us an answer thereupon afterwards; that he should also take further information relative to the damage inflicted on us by our enemies, in his roads and harbors. That he had appointed Commissioners to confer with us on the subject of the published books. And, regarding the detention of the ship the Eendracht, that his governor at Plymouth had advised him of it, and that he was informed that your High Mightinesses had, heretofore, on his father's complaint, interdicted your inhabitants from

That he, therefore, will fully inform himself about the bringing in the prizes taken from our enemies, and give us an answer thereupon afterwards; that he should also take further information relative to the damage inflicted on us by our enemies, in his roads and harbors. That he had appointed Commissioners to confer with us on the subject of the published books. And, regarding the detention of the ship the Eendracht, that his governor at Plymouth had advised him of it, and that he was informed that your High Mightinesses had, heretofore, on his father's complaint, interdicted your inhabitants from

trading to those parts. But he added, moreover, that he could not positively say what the circumstances of the case were. Then, that he should take further information thereon and ;

as we urged the provisional release of the ship, his Majesty said, he could not do that so long as he was not certain of his right. Which answer of his INIajesty, though expressed in polite terms and with a friendly disposition, did not please us, because the subject of the free use of the harbors was thereby postponed to the great prejudice of your High Mightinesses and your inhabitants; also, because his Majesty had appointed Commissioners to speak with us about the publishing of the books on Amboina, which we could not but suspect was designedly done to bring up the Amboina question before us on that occasion, with a view to require satisfaction therefor, and meanwhileto keep everything in suspense. We were afterwards confirmed in this opinion, because the Lord High Treasurer pretended ignorance of the aforesaid seizure, which, however, was made by order of the Commissioners of the Admiralty, whereof his Lordship is the first Moreover, being desirous to speak about it on another occasion to :

Which answer of his INIajesty, though expressed in polite terms and with a friendly disposition, did not please us, because the subject of the free use of the harbors was thereby postponed to the great prejudice of your High Mightinesses and your inhabitants; also, because his Majesty had appointed Commissioners to speak with us about the publishing of the books on Amboina, which we could not but suspect was designedly done to bring up the Amboina question before us on that occasion, with a view to require satisfaction therefor, and meanwhileto keep everything in suspense. We were afterwards confirmed in this opinion, because the Lord High Treasurer pretended ignorance of the aforesaid seizure, which, however, was made by order of the Commissioners of the Admiralty, whereof his Lordship is the first Moreover, being desirous to speak about it on another occasion to :

his Lordship, he let us know that Secretary Kooke had orders to give us an answer; coming to the said Kooke, we understood from him that he had heard nothing in the world about this matter. We cannot make up our minds to attend the meeting of the Commissioners, for we are not instructed, nor provided, for the Amboina affair, as we have stated at length in our previous letter to my Lord, the Prince of Orange. Meanwhile, we all foresee that the farther things go here, the worse they will become. A certain public officer here informed us, that, having understood the Council would meet on the 4"" inst., and intending to promote his own interest, he went to speak to one of the

We cannot make up our minds to attend the meeting of the Commissioners, for we are not instructed, nor provided, for the Amboina affair, as we have stated at length in our previous letter to my Lord, the Prince of Orange. Meanwhile, we all foresee that the farther things go here, the worse they will become. A certain public officer here informed us, that, having understood the Council would meet on the 4"" inst., and intending to promote his own interest, he went to speak to one of the

members about it; from whom he understood that his case would not be taken up, but that the Council would examine an important question, namely; whether the King of Great Britain had a right to forbid all foreigners to catch herring in his seas. We are not advised of the result of the consultation; but according to the information furnished us by the above mentioned gentleman, the Lord of the Council stated to him, at the same time, that his Majesty was of opinion he had the power and was at liberty to do so. All this is the eflfect of Spanish intrigue, which, we fear, will proceed further. We cannot perceive that his Majesty is indisposed towards us ; sed qui pro nobis intercedat nemo est, because we have neither Saints nor Festivals, wherein the Spanish nation is very superstitious. We are still awaiting the papers on Amboina, as well as those relating to the moneys voted by your High Mightinesses, which we heretofore most humbly requested might be sent to us. Your High Mightinesses will be pleased to send us, at the same time, everything in support of the right of Your High Mightinesses' inhabitants to trade in New Netherland, inasmuch as

We cannot perceive that his Majesty is indisposed towards us ; sed qui pro nobis intercedat nemo est, because we have neither Saints nor Festivals, wherein the Spanish nation is very superstitious. We are still awaiting the papers on Amboina, as well as those relating to the moneys voted by your High Mightinesses, which we heretofore most humbly requested might be sent to us. Your High Mightinesses will be pleased to send us, at the same time, everything in support of the right of Your High Mightinesses' inhabitants to trade in New Netherland, inasmuch as

Vol. L 7

50 NEW-YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. that will, without doubt, be most sharply disputed here. The ship the Eendracht has over five tiiousand beaver skins on board. The Resident Carleton and M" Boshuii,' who is to reside near your High Mightinesses in the place of the former, have been to visit us, and notified us that they are about to take their departure, presenting their service. Finally, they requested that we should recommend your High Mightinesses to furnish the aforesaid Boshuil with a free house, and that your High Mightinesses would be pleased to interpose a word in favor of the aforenamed Carleton's family, that they may remain a month or more after May in the old house. The above named Boshuil hath the reputation here of being a very honest man, and, especially, that he is well inclined to maintain good correspondence between his Majesty and Your High Mightinesses. We submit to Your High Mightinesses' wisdom and discretion, whether or not you will furnish him with a free house. We shall merely observe thus much, that, if not done, it will again lay open the wound of the refused seat iu the Council, and be interpreted as having been done through disrespect for his Majesty, whose agents have, heretofore, been supplied by your High Mightinesses with a free house.

The above named Boshuil hath the reputation here of being a very honest man, and, especially, that he is well inclined to maintain good correspondence between his Majesty and Your High Mightinesses. We submit to Your High Mightinesses' wisdom and discretion, whether or not you will furnish him with a free house. We shall merely observe thus much, that, if not done, it will again lay open the wound of the refused seat iu the Council, and be interpreted as having been done through disrespect for his Majesty, whose agents have, heretofore, been supplied by your High Mightinesses with a free house. Sir Bronckhorst has also waited on us, saying that he understood your High Mightinesses were making new levies. And as he had a commission to raise a regiment, he requested us, whenever your High Mightinesses were enlisting new forces, to acquaint your High Mightinesess of his offer to raise a regiment and to take it over at his own expense. We were afterwards informed that application would be made for permission to convey to Dunkirk a large quantity of Saltpeter, which has arrived from India. And herewith, commending ourselves, most respectfully, to your High Mightinesses' good graces, we shall continually pray Almighty God, High and Mighty Lords, that he may bless Your High Mightinesses' wise government more and more. Your High Mightinesses' Most humble and The lO"- April, 1632 ; Moat faithful servants, Stylo novo. In London. (Signed) Alb. Joachimi. Received 1 May, 163JJ. Govert Brasser.

West India Company to the States General. [ From the Original in the Eoyal ArchiTes at the Hague ; f'ile, TI*«rt Indie. \

And herewith, commending ourselves, most respectfully, to your High Mightinesses' good graces, we shall continually pray Almighty God, High and Mighty Lords, that he may bless Your High Mightinesses' wise government more and more. Your High Mightinesses' Most humble and The lO"- April, 1632 ; Moat faithful servants, Stylo novo. In London. (Signed) Alb. Joachimi. Received 1 May, 163JJ. Govert Brasser.

West India Company to the States General. [ From the Original in the Eoyal ArchiTes at the Hague ; f'ile, TI*«rt Indie. \

To the High and Mighty Lords States General of the United Netherlands.

High and Mighty Lords. We have heretofore complained to your High Mightinesses that our ship the Eendracht, coming from New Netherland, laden with peltries, &c., was detained at Plymouth by his Majesty's command, under pretence that our people had traded in countries claimed to belong to his aforesaid Majesty.

' Boswell. -- Ed.

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS: I. 51

Whereupon your High Mightinesses were pleased to instruct your Ambassador and Commissioner to prosecute, vigorously, the discharge of the said ship and goods. Now, we have received a letter signed by Your High Mightinesses' Ambassador and Commissioner, dated London the 10"' April, stil nov:, by which we are advised as follows : :

On the third instant, Pieter Minuit of Wesel, Director on behalf of your Company in New Netherland and Jan Lampo of Cantelbergh, Sheriff on the Island Manhattes, came to us here and informed us that, on arriving with your siiip, named the Eendrack, in the port of Plymouth, were there arrested for having traded in countries under the King of Great Britain's jurisdiction. We thereupon complained to his Majesty; related the circumstances of the case, and requested that the aforesaid ship maybe provisionally released. His Majesty said, that he had been advised thereof by his governor of Plymouth, and had been informed that, on a former complaint, by his father, to their High Mightinesses, of their inhabitants having traded to those Countries, their High Mightiness had forbidden them so to do but he did not know ;

On the third instant, Pieter Minuit of Wesel, Director on behalf of your Company in New Netherland and Jan Lampo of Cantelbergh, Sheriff on the Island Manhattes, came to us here and informed us that, on arriving with your siiip, named the Eendrack, in the port of Plymouth, were there arrested for having traded in countries under the King of Great Britain's jurisdiction. We thereupon complained to his Majesty; related the circumstances of the case, and requested that the aforesaid ship maybe provisionally released. His Majesty said, that he had been advised thereof by his governor of Plymouth, and had been informed that, on a former complaint, by his father, to their High Mightinesses, of their inhabitants having traded to those Countries, their High Mightiness had forbidden them so to do but he did not know ;

precisely what the circumstances were, and would inform himself further of it; And, notwithstanding our repeated demand for the provisional release of tiie siiip, his Majesty was pleased, on the contrary, to persist, being first desirous to obtain information as to the nature of his right. We addressed ourselves, with a similar view, to some Lords of the Council, and received substantially the same answer.

Wherefore, we have deemed it to be our duty to inform your High Mightinesses that, subsequent to the first by your subjects in the year 1609, of the North River, discovery, (commonly called the Manhattos, also Rio de Montaigne and North river,) and after some of your inhabitants had resorted thither, in the year 1610 and following years, your High Mightinesses had finally, in the year 1615, granted some of your inhabitants a charter to trade to those countries, to the exclusion of all other persons, and that they established a fort and garrison there, which were maintained until the charter granted to the West India Company included these and other countries.

Wherefore, we have deemed it to be our duty to inform your High Mightinesses that, subsequent to the first by your subjects in the year 1609, of the North River, discovery, (commonly called the Manhattos, also Rio de Montaigne and North river,) and after some of your inhabitants had resorted thither, in the year 1610 and following years, your High Mightinesses had finally, in the year 1615, granted some of your inhabitants a charter to trade to those countries, to the exclusion of all other persons, and that they established a fort and garrison there, which were maintained until the charter granted to the West India Company included these and other countries. That in the year 1606, his Majesty of Great Britain granted to his subjects by special charter. South and North of this aforesaid river, under the names of New England and Virginia, on the express condition, that the respective incorporated parties should remain one hundred miles apart from each other, and leave so much between them both. Whereupon, the English began, about the year 1607, to settle by the river Sagadahoc, which settlement was again afterwards abandoned, and no new plantation undertaken by the English north of New Netherland, before the year 1620, when one, which they called New Plymouth, was commenced behind Cape Cod. The English themselves, according to their charter, place New England on the coast between the forty-first and forty-fifth degrees of latitude. But the English began in the year 1606, to resort to Virginia, which is South of our territory of New Netherland, and fix the boundaries, according to their charter, from the thirty-seventh to the thirty-ninth degree. So that our boundaries, according to their own shewing, should be from the thirty-ninth degree inclusive, to the forty-first degree, within which bounds we are not aware that they ever undertook any plantation.

The English themselves, according to their charter, place New England on the coast between the forty-first and forty-fifth degrees of latitude. But the English began in the year 1606, to resort to Virginia, which is South of our territory of New Netherland, and fix the boundaries, according to their charter, from the thirty-seventh to the thirty-ninth degree. So that our boundaries, according to their own shewing, should be from the thirty-ninth degree inclusive, to the forty-first degree, within which bounds we are not aware that they ever undertook any plantation.

52 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. What boundaries your High Mightinesses have granted to your subjects, can be seen by the

charter issued in the year 16J5, which your High Mightinesses will please cause to be lool^ed into. We have not the slightest knowledge of his Majesty's further allegation respecting the demand made by his father, and the result thereof.' In order to execute this business effectually, your High Mightinesses will be pleased to have this examined, and cause your High Mightinesses' Ambassador to be duly informed thereof, and to order the release of our ship and goods to be prosecuted and obtained. It is further to be remarked : tliat inasmuch as the inhabitants of those countries are freemen, and neither his Britannic Majesty's, nor your High Mightinesses' subjects, they are free to trade with whomsoever they please. That his Majesty may likewise, in all justice, grant his subjects by charter the right to trade with any people, to the exclusion of all others, his subjects, as your High Mightinesses have a right to do by yours. But, that it is directly contrary to all right and reason, for one potentate to prevent the subjects of another to trade in countries whereof his people have not taken, nor obtained actual possession from the right owners, either by contract or purchase.

That his Majesty may likewise, in all justice, grant his subjects by charter the right to trade with any people, to the exclusion of all others, his subjects, as your High Mightinesses have a right to do by yours. But, that it is directly contrary to all right and reason, for one potentate to prevent the subjects of another to trade in countries whereof his people have not taken, nor obtained actual possession from the right owners, either by contract or purchase. Much more, to lay claim to countries of which your High Mightinesses' subjects have acquired the property, partly by confederation with the owners of the lands, and partly by purchase. And many other reasons which your High Mightinesses' wisdom will better suggest, for the maintenance of your sovereignty and the freedom of trade by sea, and alliances with distant nations, who are not, naturally, the subjects, nor have become the property, of any other person, by conquest. Exhibited 5 May, 1632.

Resolution of the States General on the preceding Letter.

[ From the EegUter of the Eesolations of the States General, in the Eoyal Archive! at the Hague. ]

Wednesday, the S*"" May, 1632. westln.ha^^"" C>" ^he complalnt of the West India Company, to the effect that their ship, the Eendmdd, coming from New Netherland, laden with peltries, &c., is seized at 8hi"p'E"nrachL

Plymouth by the King's command, and that his Majesty questioned the said Company's right to trade to the aforesaid New Netherland. It is, after previous deliberation, resolved and concluded, that Ambassador Joachimi and Deputy Brasser shall be written to, that they use and exert all possible means to have the aforesaid ship released from arrest, and the West India Company in future saved from all similar annoyances, and that the Deduction communicated by the Deputies of the abovementioned Company in attendance on their High Mightinesses, be sent to the said Ministers to justify the trade to the aforesaid New Netherland.

It is, after previous deliberation, resolved and concluded, that Ambassador Joachimi and Deputy Brasser shall be written to, that they use and exert all possible means to have the aforesaid ship released from arrest, and the West India Company in future saved from all similar annoyances, and that the Deduction communicated by the Deputies of the abovementioned Company in attendance on their High Mightinesses, be sent to the said Ministers to justify the trade to the aforesaid New Netherland.

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States General to their A7nhassado7\s in England.

[ From the Minute iu the Eoyal Archires at the Hague ; File, Engeland. ]

To Mess" Joachimi and Brasser, the S"" May, 1632.

The States, etc. We are sorry to understand from the Directors of the West India Company, that the Ship Ship the Eendraoht the Ecndraclu, coming from New Nelherland, laden with peltries, etc. and seized '''."^- by the King's order, has not been yet released. And although we, in no wise, doubt your hearty zeal and duty, yet are we unwilling to stand idle; you are therefore again admonished to exert and exercise all possible means for the release of the aforesaid ship, and that the merchant-men of the West India Company may in future be saved from such like annoyances. And in justification of the trading of said Company to the aforesaid New Netherland, the said Directors have communicated to us the annexed Deduction, to which we have appended copy of a certain Charter, granted by us on the 14"" Octob. 1614, to some private inhabitants of this country, to resort to New Netherland.By all these we intend, that the right of the aforesaid Company to trade to New Netherland must be maintained. You will add thereunto such reasons and motives as you shall judge pertinent, according to circumstances.

And in justification of the trading of said Company to the aforesaid New Netherland, the said Directors have communicated to us the annexed Deduction, to which we have appended copy of a certain Charter, granted by us on the 14"" Octob. 1614, to some private inhabitants of this country, to resort to New Netherland.By all these we intend, that the right of the aforesaid Company to trade to New Netherland must be maintained. You will add thereunto such reasons and motives as you shall judge pertinent, according to circumstances.

Done the S"- May, 1632.

Messrs. JoacMmi and Brasser to the States General.

[ From the Original, in the Royal Archives at the Hague ; File, Engdand. ]

High and Mighty Lords.

In our despatch of the 27"' April, My Lords, we gave your High Mightinesses communication of our transactions with his Majesty's Commissioners. Since then, we endeavored by all possible diligence, to obtain a written answer to our last proposal communicated to his Majesty, containing, in brief, the substance of both the preceding. Thereupon, the marked* writing annexed was brought to our house yesterday, by Mr. Secretary Kooke; notwithstanding we, a little while previously, had sent for it. The reasons for his handing it himself to us, were, we think, two. First, to understand, on this occasion, from us, what secret negotiations were going on with France; for he began his conversation with an expostulation, saying that we had, in appearance, fully communicated to his Majesty the subject of the embassy to France, but that we had carefully withheld the most essential point thereof from his Majesty; that all the world was aware, that greater matters had been treated of than had been communicated to his Majesty; that in the time of Queen Elizabeth, we would have been more careful, &c.

First, to understand, on this occasion, from us, what secret negotiations were going on with France; for he began his conversation with an expostulation, saying that we had, in appearance, fully communicated to his Majesty the subject of the embassy to France, but that we had carefully withheld the most essential point thereof from his Majesty; that all the world was aware, that greater matters had been treated of than had been communicated to his Majesty; that in the time of Queen Elizabeth, we would have been more careful, &c. We answered, ' Aengeteyckende is the Dutch word; it is doubtless an error for ongeteeckend, unsigned, which is the word used in the Ambassador's next despatch. -- Ed.

54 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. that Mr. Vosbergen was not charged with what, report says, has since been negotiated with France; that we had no knowledge in the world of it; that being, apparently, matters concerning the direction of the war, his Majesty had no reason to take it ill, that it was kept secret until completed; with which answer the Secretary seemed somewhat satisfied. The second reason why he wished to speak to us on the delivery of the answer was, we think, to communicate to us, in addition, the internal meaning of the answer; namely, that the intent is, that like satisfaction shall be given by parties on both sides for everything; that is to say, satisfaction shall be given for what passed at Amboina; otherwise, we cannot expect that any regard will be paid to our complaints for, indeed, matters here are so situated ;

The second reason why he wished to speak to us on the delivery of the answer was, we think, to communicate to us, in addition, the internal meaning of the answer; namely, that the intent is, that like satisfaction shall be given by parties on both sides for everything; that is to say, satisfaction shall be given for what passed at Amboina; otherwise, we cannot expect that any regard will be paid to our complaints for, indeed, matters here are so situated ;

that we are in great doubt whether or not we shall press for his Majesty's declaration, that your High Mightinesses' subjects shall be at liberty to bring their captured prizes in and out again of his Majesty's harbors; for we know, that so long as this stumbling block be not removed, every thing shall turn to our prejudice. Regarding the Amboina affair: whilst it pleased your High Mightinesses to commit the direction tliereof to his Lordship the Prince of Orange and some of the members of your High Mightinesses Assembly, we repeatedly wrote on the subject to the Prince and represented at full length and breadth, in what position the affair, in our judgment, stood here. Your High Mightinesses will please to remind the gentlemen to whom this affair was committed, to prosecute the aforesaid affair with all diligence; for otherwise, more or less danger is to be expected from this quarter. We send your High Mightinesses, herewith, copies of said proposal and answer. The aforesaid answer did not contain any mention of the trial of Captain le Clercq. Apparently from considerations before mentioned, this affair was dragging along to the exceeding great inconvenience of your High Mightinesses' subjects who, meanwhile, dare not approach his Majesty's harbors with their prizes; whereby many, either through stress of weather, have perished, or through inability to wait for a convoy, have fallen into the enemy's hands; as has happened, even within four days, to a certain privateer who had a good prize with him ; understanding, off Plymouth, that Captain le Clercq's ship lay there still seized, he dare not enter the harbor, and both ship and prize fell into the hands of 4 Dunkirkers.

Apparently from considerations before mentioned, this affair was dragging along to the exceeding great inconvenience of your High Mightinesses' subjects who, meanwhile, dare not approach his Majesty's harbors with their prizes; whereby many, either through stress of weather, have perished, or through inability to wait for a convoy, have fallen into the enemy's hands; as has happened, even within four days, to a certain privateer who had a good prize with him ; understanding, off Plymouth, that Captain le Clercq's ship lay there still seized, he dare not enter the harbor, and both ship and prize fell into the hands of 4 Dunkirkers. These Dunkirkers, it is reported, are expressly instructed to keep themselves west of the needle, in order that our ships, not daring to enter the harbors here, might fall into their mouths. It is to be remarked, that the trial of Captain le Clercq is of great consequence,

as 'twill be a beacon to all those who shall have made any prizes on the enemy, to determine whether or not they are to have the privilege of entering the harbors of this kingdom. We, therefore, requested your High Mightinesses heretofore, in our dispatches of the 25"" March and 17"" April last, to advise us how we should act in case judgment was rendered against the said Captain; requesting, also, most respectfully, that the aforesaid order might be sent over to us by the earliest opportunity. We apprehend another difficulty in this matter; namely, that the Captain's owners, weary of the long and useless proceeding, incline to settle with their adversaries; which, as regards your High Mightinesses, is almost as prejudicial as the loss of the suit; for your High Mightinesses' inhabitants understanding that, will not dare to

We, therefore, requested your High Mightinesses heretofore, in our dispatches of the 25"" March and 17"" April last, to advise us how we should act in case judgment was rendered against the said Captain; requesting, also, most respectfully, that the aforesaid order might be sent over to us by the earliest opportunity. We apprehend another difficulty in this matter; namely, that the Captain's owners, weary of the long and useless proceeding, incline to settle with their adversaries; which, as regards your High Mightinesses, is almost as prejudicial as the loss of the suit; for your High Mightinesses' inhabitants understanding that, will not dare to

enter the harbors.We do not fail to encourage the owners, and to dissuade them from that course; but do not know how far desperation may drive them. We have, therefore, concluded to suggest to your High Mightinesses, whether it were not better for the State to negotiate rather with the owners, and to assume the stock for the public, it being well understood, as 'tis said, that the owners cannot be any longer kept from agreeing with

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS: L 55

the opposite party. It is of tlie highest importance to our enemy that this matter be settled

by arrangement, though their inhabitants should derive but little advantage thereby, for reasons already stated. The owners are also much importuned thereunto. Your aforesaid High Mightinesses, in your profound wisdom, will best understand what ought to be done in this matter. We shall most respectfully await your commands, and will most dutifully and faithfully obey them. Regarding the inquiry about the little ship taken near the Recolvers, we do not, and cannot think what is wanting. The long delay in sending that over, does your High Mightinesses' affairs here no good.

The owners are also much importuned thereunto. Your aforesaid High Mightinesses, in your profound wisdom, will best understand what ought to be done in this matter. We shall most respectfully await your commands, and will most dutifully and faithfully obey them. Regarding the inquiry about the little ship taken near the Recolvers, we do not, and cannot think what is wanting. The long delay in sending that over, does your High Mightinesses' affairs here no good.

Lieutenant Colonel Ashley has requested us to inform your High Mightinesses, that he has gone hence, by express orders from his Majesty, to the King of Sweden that if your High ;

Mightinesses require him to join his regiment, he shall do so immediately; he intends to convey his Majesty's final resolution to his Ambassador, Lord Faen, and entertains no doubt but the subsidy of 100™ guilders a month will be paid from here to the King of Sweden. His Majesty seems resolved to dotate his niece, the Duke of Lenox's daughter, and to give her in marriage to the Lord High Treasurer's son, whose oldest sister is married to the Earl of Arundel's eldest son. The Treasurer will be not a little strengthened by this connexion with his Majesty's next of kin, and the friendship between him and the Earl of Arundel, which is considerable, will apparently be further increased. The aforesaid High Treasurer's son goes by the first opportunity to Savoy, with a message of condolence on the death of the late Duke; as the Earl of Lycester goes to the King of Denmark to condole on the death of his Majesty's wife's mother. And herewith, commending ourselves, most humbly, to Your High Mightinesses' good graces, we will pray God Almighty, High and Mighty Lords, that He may bless your High Mightinesses' wise government more and more.

The aforesaid High Treasurer's son goes by the first opportunity to Savoy, with a message of condolence on the death of the late Duke; as the Earl of Lycester goes to the King of Denmark to condole on the death of his Majesty's wife's mother. And herewith, commending ourselves, most humbly, to Your High Mightinesses' good graces, we will pray God Almighty, High and Mighty Lords, that He may bless your High Mightinesses' wise government more and more. Your High Mightinesses Most obedient and Most faithful servants, In London, this 23^ May, 1632. (Signed) Alb: Joachimi. Stylo, novo. Govert Brassek.

Remonstrance of the Ambassadors of the States General to King Charles I.

[ From the MS. In the Eoyal Archives at the Hague ; File, entitled Engeland. 1682. ]

To the Most Serene King of Great Britain, &c.

Sire In the audience which it pleased Your Sacred Majesty to give us at Newmarket, we represented that their Lordships, the States General, our Masters, aware that the enemy labored to foment some misunderstanding between Your Sacred Majesty and their Lordships, endeavoring, for that purpose, to create a belief that their Lordships did not entertain the respect due to Your Sacred Majesty, and even that they leaned more towards some other Prince

56 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. than towards Your Majesty, had deemed it necessary to send expressly to Your Sacred Majesty to assure you of their respect for Your person, and of the affection they bore Your Majesty's Sacred Person and State, and to pray you not to condescend to lend an ear to such like calumnies, which, tending only to disturb an existing union, they have the greater cause to fear. That, in confirmation of the respect our said Lords cherish for Your Sacred Majesty, they had been pleased to communicate to Your Majesty the subject of the embassy they had sent to France, and that they had, on the earliest notice, ordered that the vessel be sent back which their Captains had captured near Roculvers ; they pray the aflfection they entertain for Your Sacred Majesty may be measured by that they manifest towards your nearest of kin.

That, in confirmation of the respect our said Lords cherish for Your Sacred Majesty, they had been pleased to communicate to Your Majesty the subject of the embassy they had sent to France, and that they had, on the earliest notice, ordered that the vessel be sent back which their Captains had captured near Roculvers ; they pray the aflfection they entertain for Your Sacred Majesty may be measured by that they manifest towards your nearest of kin. We besougiit your Majesty, Sire, thereupon to be pleased to continue to our Masters the honor of Your good graces, and to treat them as good neighbors, friends and allies, by causing our enemies to give up the vessels they have captured, and especially that it please Your Majesty to put an end to all seizures and prohibitions against the prizes taken from our enemies at sea, being brought into your Majesty's harbors, such being contrary to the law of Nations and the universal law and practice of all the princes of Europe, and contrary even to the constitution of Your Kingdom and the practice of Your ancestors, and even of Your Majesty, and finally, to give order for the delivery to Captain le Clercq, of the prize he captured from our enemy fourteen months ago. We complained also, Sire, of the publication of two certain books, the tendency whereof is only to excite the temper of one people against the other, a result altogether contrary to that desired by our Masters. Your Majesty was pleased to defer an answer to the foregoing, until you should have returned to the city of London. Wherefore, Sire, we most respectfully approach Your Sacred person, that you may be pleased to give us such a reply as may contribute to a firm union between the two States, so profitable to both.

We complained also, Sire, of the publication of two certain books, the tendency whereof is only to excite the temper of one people against the other, a result altogether contrary to that desired by our Masters. Your Majesty was pleased to defer an answer to the foregoing, until you should have returned to the city of London. Wherefore, Sire, we most respectfully approach Your Sacred person, that you may be pleased to give us such a reply as may contribute to a firm union between the two States, so profitable to both. The happy accession of Your Majesty to Your crown, which we this day celebrate, induces us to hope. Sire, that Your Majesty will render us this day happy, by the assurances to our Masters of your affection for them. We pray God that Your Majesty may see many returns of the same day. Moreover, Sire, we cannot conceal from Your Majesty that we are very sorry to hear that whilst we labor to cement the good correspondence between Your Sacred Majesty and their Lordships the States, your subjects, on the other hand, create new difficulties. Thus it is, that the subjects of their Lordships, the States, have, for a long time, traded in the river Manathans, now called Maurice, in the West Indies, having purchased from the native inhabitants and paid for a certain island called also Manathans, where they remain surrounded on all sides by the Natives of the country, and have, from all time, in coming and going, freely enjoyed your Majesty's ports and harbors without any objection. Now it has happened, that a vessel belonging to the West India Company, and coming from the said island, with quite a number of people, their wives and children on board, arrived at Plymouth harbor through stress of weather, where she has been seized with very great inconvenience to the said people.

Thus it is, that the subjects of their Lordships, the States, have, for a long time, traded in the river Manathans, now called Maurice, in the West Indies, having purchased from the native inhabitants and paid for a certain island called also Manathans, where they remain surrounded on all sides by the Natives of the country, and have, from all time, in coming and going, freely enjoyed your Majesty's ports and harbors without any objection. Now it has happened, that a vessel belonging to the West India Company, and coming from the said island, with quite a number of people, their wives and children on board, arrived at Plymouth harbor through stress of weather, where she has been seized with very great inconvenience to the said people. Wherefore, Sire, we most humbly pray your Majesty to be pleased to give order that the ship be released, so that the said people may terminate their voyage.

[Found as an appendix to the despatch of Mess" Joachimi and Brasser, received 11"" June, 1633.]

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS : L 57

Answer to the Remonstrance of the Dutch Ambassadors. [ From the MS. in the Royal Archives at the Hague ; File entitled, Sn^jeland. 1682. ]

Answer to Remonstrance presented to the King and the Lords, his the Commissioners, by their Lordships the Ambassador and Deputy of the Lords States General of the United Provinces, in April, 1G32.

First: as regards the occasion of this Remonstrance, which is founded on the suspicion of some misunderstanding, it cannot but appear strange to his Majesty who could not imagine, by any indication, except by this Remonstrance, that there had been evil designed attempts made with a view to disunion, nor that offence had been taken to the respect shown by the said Lords the States to other princes.

Answer to Remonstrance presented to the King and the Lords, his the Commissioners, by their Lordships the Ambassador and Deputy of the Lords States General of the United Provinces, in April, 1G32.

First: as regards the occasion of this Remonstrance, which is founded on the suspicion of some misunderstanding, it cannot but appear strange to his Majesty who could not imagine, by any indication, except by this Remonstrance, that there had been evil designed attempts made with a view to disunion, nor that offence had been taken to the respect shown by the said Lords the States to other princes. For although his Majesty might well claim for himself the preference in the balance of their esteem, he would not object to the good understanding they cultivate with their other friends, confident that they are in a position to weigh well in their prudence how much more advantageous is their union with him to that with others. Now, inasmuch as they have sent expressly to assure his Majesty of the respect and affection they bear him, the attention they have manifested therein is deserving all praise. These pains cannot indeed be too great to preserve such a treasure as they possess in the friendship of his Majesty and his subjects, their antient friends and good neighbors. And the consideration of that respect towards his Majesty, afforded by the communication of the contents of their last despatch to France, furnishes, indeed, an evidence of their confidence without, in the least, prejudicing their affairs; and were this frankness continued, it would, without doubt, have dissipated all those pretended clouds of disaffection and distrust. As regards the restoration which they have made of the vessel captured near Reculvers by one of their ships (mention whereof is made in the second Article) that also deserves praise, as the result of their justice, especially if the first delinquent had been punished and had made reparation for the losses and damages they have been always accustomed to demand and sue for in such case, which also should properly be made to prevent the recurrence of such depredations.

As regards the restoration which they have made of the vessel captured near Reculvers by one of their ships (mention whereof is made in the second Article) that also deserves praise, as the result of their justice, especially if the first delinquent had been punished and had made reparation for the losses and damages they have been always accustomed to demand and sue for in such case, which also should properly be made to prevent the recurrence of such depredations. In the third place: as regards the representation to his Majesty of the friendship they have manifested to his nearest relatives ; although these personally are well worthy thereof, and may well merit it, yet his Majesty always willingly shares and feels an interest in whatever concerns the beloved persons of his brother and sister, and hopes that the Lords States will not have cause to repent of the kind offices they have done them, which his Majesty acknowledges with thanks and a cordial affection towards them. Now, the object of this Remonstrance is to demand of his Majesty a continuation of his favor, and that particularly in the following points:

1": To cause their enemies to restore, with reparation of damages, their vessels which they captured in his Majesty's ports and rivers specified, to the number of five. To this we are enabled to answer, that his Majesty's Agent has earnesly prosecuted this affair in their behalf, and has now rendered an account of his proceedings in that regard, communication whereof will be given them, in order that they may advise what will be necessary to be done therein. Vol. L 8

1": To cause their enemies to restore, with reparation of damages, their vessels which they captured in his Majesty's ports and rivers specified, to the number of five. To this we are enabled to answer, that his Majesty's Agent has earnesly prosecuted this affair in their behalf, and has now rendered an account of his proceedings in that regard, communication whereof will be given them, in order that they may advise what will be necessary to be done therein. Vol. L 8

58 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. To release from seizure the prizes taken by tiieir people at sea from their enemies, and 2"*

brought into our harbors. Herein, we confess that they presuppose many things which do not appear clear to us, particularly the allegation that this proceeding is contrary to the law of

nations, which many learned jurisconsults do not hold, and there are few of the opposite opinion nay, even they, themselves, will confess that the decision of this point is not clear, ;

as well as that wherein they say, that it is contrary to the practice of all other princes, which, nevertheless, is refuted by several instances. And although the puissant Kings of France and Spain have prided tiiemselves on this practice, their individual laws, however, do not constitute the public law^. As regards ours, our civilians are in doubt on the matter, and do not furnish an instance of this case wherein there is not some difference. Moreover, other considerations present tiiemselves in this connection, of such consequence, that though we would desire to hold the balance even, witliout prejudicing either the one or the other, yet the difficulty of the matter may excuse the postponement of the resolution in what relates to

And although the puissant Kings of France and Spain have prided tiiemselves on this practice, their individual laws, however, do not constitute the public law^. As regards ours, our civilians are in doubt on the matter, and do not furnish an instance of this case wherein there is not some difference. Moreover, other considerations present tiiemselves in this connection, of such consequence, that though we would desire to hold the balance even, witliout prejudicing either the one or the other, yet the difficulty of the matter may excuse the postponement of the resolution in what relates to

the interests of all our allies, and which must stand as a general and permanent rule. They require, lii^ewise, the suppression of two books, lately published to embitter, say they, the animosities between the subjects of the two states, contrary to what they deserved. To this it may be replied, that nothing save the balm of justice can heal ulcerated hearts. This his Majesty has waited for a long time with great patience, and should a denial or a delay of this be persisted in, not only will the King and people, but the whole world, complain of such misdeeds, and demand redress at their hands. In the fourth and last place, they demand the release of a vessel seized at Plymouth, returning from a certain plantation usurped by tiiem in the north parts of Virginia, whicii they say was acquired from the natives of the country. But, first, it is denied that the Indians were those countries, so as to be able to dispose of them either by sale or possessores bona: Jidei of

This his Majesty has waited for a long time with great patience, and should a denial or a delay of this be persisted in, not only will the King and people, but the whole world, complain of such misdeeds, and demand redress at their hands. In the fourth and last place, they demand the release of a vessel seized at Plymouth, returning from a certain plantation usurped by tiiem in the north parts of Virginia, whicii they say was acquired from the natives of the country. But, first, it is denied that the Indians were those countries, so as to be able to dispose of them either by sale or possessores bona: Jidei of

donation, their residences being unsettled and uncertain, and only being in common ; and in the second place, it cannot be proved, de facto, that all the Natives of said country had contracted with them at the said pretended sale. And as to what they say in addition, that the said Natives have their residences around them, the truth is, that the English encompass them on the one side and on the other, as they well experienced heretofore when they attempted to maintain their right against them. But, moreover, the right his Majesty's subjects have in that country, is justified by first discovery, occupation and the possession which they have taken thereof, and by the concessions and letters patentsthey have had from our Sovereigns, who were, for the above reasons, the true and legitimate proprietors thereof in those parts, where their Lordships, the States, had not of themselves and did not assume, such pretension, and had not granted any patent thereof to their subjects, to give them any power or title thereunto. Which turned out to be the case year 1621, when the late King of happy memory, on the complaint and (severifia), in the remonstrance of the Earl of Arundel Sirs Fer.

But, moreover, the right his Majesty's subjects have in that country, is justified by first discovery, occupation and the possession which they have taken thereof, and by the concessions and letters patentsthey have had from our Sovereigns, who were, for the above reasons, the true and legitimate proprietors thereof in those parts, where their Lordships, the States, had not of themselves and did not assume, such pretension, and had not granted any patent thereof to their subjects, to give them any power or title thereunto. Which turned out to be the case year 1621, when the late King of happy memory, on the complaint and (severifia), in the remonstrance of the Earl of Arundel Sirs Fer. Gorges and Samuel Argal, and of Captain Mason, instructed his Ambassador to apply to the Lords States General to prevent the departure of certain ships that were preparing to go to the said country, and to forbid the intrusion of their subjects into that plantation ; for, then they answered, that they knew nothing of that enterprize, which was likewise very probable, because the said Ambassador after informing himself more particularly of the matter, certified his Majesty by those letters, that it was only two companies of Amsterdam merchants, who, whithout the knowledge or advice of the said Lords States, had begun to trade between the 40"' and 50"" degrees, within the limit of his Majesty's plantation in the said country of Virginia, and had given to those places the name

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS : I. 59 of New Netherland, Texel, Vlieland, and such like, and sent ships of 30 and 40 lasts to look for furs in those parts; but that he was not aware that they had begun or designed to establish a plantation there; and, moreover, tiiat number of families, inhabiting the United a good Provinces, were then soliciting him to procure them a place in the said country where they might settle among his Majesty's subjects, that if these who are now returned thence, and the others who have remained behind, wish to make a similar request and to submit themselves to his Majesty's government, as his subjects, it can be ascertained if he will be pleased to admit them in that quality, and thus permit them to leave with their ships and merchandise, or else to sell

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS : I. 59 of New Netherland, Texel, Vlieland, and such like, and sent ships of 30 and 40 lasts to look for furs in those parts; but that he was not aware that they had begun or designed to establish a plantation there; and, moreover, tiiat number of families, inhabiting the United a good Provinces, were then soliciting him to procure them a place in the said country where they might settle among his Majesty's subjects, that if these who are now returned thence, and the others who have remained behind, wish to make a similar request and to submit themselves to his Majesty's government, as his subjects, it can be ascertained if he will be pleased to admit them in that quality, and thus permit them to leave with their ships and merchandise, or else to sell

these here at the highest rate possible; on condition that the said Lords States promise to prevent them going any more to, or frequenting in any manner those parts. Should they not consent to that, his Majesty's interest will not permit him to suffer them to usurp and encroach on, in this manner, one of his Colonies of such importance, which he has great cause to cherish and maintain entire. By these answers to the said complaint, their Lordships, the States, may see what little cause they have of supposing, in his Majesty, any alienation towards his neighbours ; but we, on our side, make many complaints much more serious and more grave than those; the said Lords States having never offered suitable satisfaction, can well imagine that nothing but discontent can remain in his Majesty's breast. For, without mentioning the crying fact, which it is unnecessary to discuss further, the extreme injustice they have been guilty of in regard to the Tare had quasi banished all our trafic from their country, had not some moderation been obtained by the yielding and accommodation on our side, and not by any mitigation on their part, who retain always the power to extort hereafter, whatever they please in this regard.

By these answers to the said complaint, their Lordships, the States, may see what little cause they have of supposing, in his Majesty, any alienation towards his neighbours ; but we, on our side, make many complaints much more serious and more grave than those; the said Lords States having never offered suitable satisfaction, can well imagine that nothing but discontent can remain in his Majesty's breast. For, without mentioning the crying fact, which it is unnecessary to discuss further, the extreme injustice they have been guilty of in regard to the Tare had quasi banished all our trafic from their country, had not some moderation been obtained by the yielding and accommodation on our side, and not by any mitigation on their part, who retain always the power to extort hereafter, whatever they please in this regard. There also continues to be another great complaint with the Board for the depredation and destruction of his Majesty's subjects in Greenland; the reparation ordered by his late Majesty for that, remains always unfurnished. And to pass over all the other complaints, which daily increase, the course they have pursued in regard to this ship belonging to his Majesty's subjects, now detained by process at Rotterdam, exceeds all those that can justly be adduced against us, as will evidently be manifest to them by the relation of the fact, which will shortly be laid before them. In fine, this is the true statement of the complaints, presented on the one side and on the other. They complain of damages received from their enemies, the reparation whereof they demand of us; and of some trifling detentions at our hands which, we say and consider, are well founded; but we complain of their injustice, committed as well against the goods as against the lives of his Majesty's subjects; of having wronged us in our trade; of having dispossessed us of divers countries in the East and West Indies, where our right was indubitable.

They complain of damages received from their enemies, the reparation whereof they demand of us; and of some trifling detentions at our hands which, we say and consider, are well founded; but we complain of their injustice, committed as well against the goods as against the lives of his Majesty's subjects; of having wronged us in our trade; of having dispossessed us of divers countries in the East and West Indies, where our right was indubitable. And if, in fine, in the excess of the evil, those violences explode, as they appear to apprehend, the remedy which ought to be applied, on the one side and on the other, is, first: to bring about a termination of those evils by a better administration of justice; and then, to reestablish by mutual good that ancient friendship which augmented, and can preserve, both their commerce offices,

and security. As for us, we shall not fail to render therein all the best offices and services dependent on us. And as regards his Majesty, the good and gracious disposition of his heart is sufficiently notorious to them and to all the world.

[Found as an appendix to the despatch of Mess" Joachimi and Brasser, of 23'' May, 1632.]

6Q NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS.

Messrs. JoacTiimi and Brasser to the States General.

[ From the Original in tlie Royal Archives at the Hague ; PUe, Engeland. ]

High and Mighty Lords.

My Lords, This and the letter We Sent your High Mightinesses, on the 23"* inst., a certain unsigned ' writing. Sd, XeTiacerfn the hands of Mr. Tosbrreen, to extract the points ot handed to us on the day before by Secretary Kooke. We have since addressed •' ; ^jjg ^^\^ Secretary and complained -J ^ o of nothing of the contents thereof, consisting o ,„.„,. fn.mTnd'^to 'J^poH we also especially demanded that we should but retorts in place of satisfaction ; janM?;, 1682^ " receive an answer in the name of his Majesty, to whom we submited our m'S".'' 'i632?^°"" proposals, or that at least it might be expressly stated who those were who gave

Tosbrreen, to extract the points ot handed to us on the day before by Secretary Kooke. We have since addressed •' ; ^jjg ^^\^ Secretary and complained -J ^ o of nothing of the contents thereof, consisting o ,„.„,. fn.mTnd'^to 'J^poH we also especially demanded that we should but retorts in place of satisfaction ; janM?;, 1682^ " receive an answer in the name of his Majesty, to whom we submited our m'S".'' 'i632?^°"" proposals, or that at least it might be expressly stated who those were who gave

the answer, and that it might be signed by him as Principal Secretary of State. He evinced much scruple therein, not daring to take back with him the said writing to submit it to the Lords Commissioners, but requested us to speak to the Lord High Treasurer about it, as we

have done. His Lordship told us that the writing was no answer, but only the first reply, in order thence to come into further conference ; all which tends to the agitation of the Amboina

question. Your High Mightinesses know how ill instructed we are on that subject; we therefore request again, most humbly, that, pursuant to our previous despatches, we receive by the first opportunity further order on this subject. We particularly complained to the said Lord High Treasurer of the unreasonable and unheard of proceeding adopted towards the ship the Ecndracht, which arrived from New Netherland, and have finally so far influenced his Lordship that he promised us to give orders for the release of the aforesaid vessel, saving and without prejudice to his Majesty's right.

Your High Mightinesses know how ill instructed we are on that subject; we therefore request again, most humbly, that, pursuant to our previous despatches, we receive by the first opportunity further order on this subject. We particularly complained to the said Lord High Treasurer of the unreasonable and unheard of proceeding adopted towards the ship the Ecndracht, which arrived from New Netherland, and have finally so far influenced his Lordship that he promised us to give orders for the release of the aforesaid vessel, saving and without prejudice to his Majesty's right.

We have advised the Agent of the West India Company hereof, so that he may retain on board the ship the crew he had orders to send over. Tiie said Lord Treasurer hath also informed us that the King hath postponed, until the next week, the consideration of Captain Daniel le Clercq's case, in consequence of the occurrence of divers important affairs here, which must be first disposed of. We have already written at large to your High Mightinesses on the subject of this trial and refer you thereunto. Yesterday evening the news came of the arrival of an extraordinary Ambassador from France, who had been excepted. And herewith commending ourselves, most humbly, to the good graces of your High Mightinesses, we shall pray Almighty God, High and Mighty Lords, that he may continue to bless your High Mightinesses' wise government more and more. Your High Mightinesses' Most dutiful and faithful Servants, In London, Alb. Joachimi. 27"' May, 1632 new style. ; Covert Brasser. Received 11 June, 1632.

Yesterday evening the news came of the arrival of an extraordinary Ambassador from France, who had been excepted. And herewith commending ourselves, most humbly, to the good graces of your High Mightinesses, we shall pray Almighty God, High and Mighty Lords, that he may continue to bless your High Mightinesses' wise government more and more. Your High Mightinesses' Most dutiful and faithful Servants, In London, Alb. Joachimi. 27"' May, 1632 new style. ; Covert Brasser. Received 11 June, 1632.

' See note, supra p 63. -- Ed.

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS: II. 61

Subject for the Consideration of the AssemUy of the XIX. 1633. [ From the Original in the Eoyal Archives at the Hague ; File, We^ Ijidie.}

Extract from the Points of Reference whereupon all the Chambers of the West India Company are summoned to Amsterdam, for the 1st April, 1633, so far as relates to the affairs of New Netherland. Exhibited SS"* March, 1633.

le"- Point. And whereas there are some prizes at the islands of Fernando Norenho and St. Martin, it is to be considered whether the Commanders there, as well as those on the coast of Guinea, Africa and New Netherland, ought not be authorized by their High Mightinesses and the Prince of Orange, to adjudicate there, on said prizes; to declare them lawful, and to protect said prizes from seizure, in English or other harbors.

ion of the States of Holland in regard to the Affairs of the West India Company.

[ From the Register of Eesolutions of the States of Holland and Westfrlesland, in the Eoyal Archives' at the Hague. ]

Martin, it is to be considered whether the Commanders there, as well as those on the coast of Guinea, Africa and New Netherland, ought not be authorized by their High Mightinesses and the Prince of Orange, to adjudicate there, on said prizes; to declare them lawful, and to protect said prizes from seizure, in English or other harbors.

ion of the States of Holland in regard to the Affairs of the West India Company.

[ From the Register of Eesolutions of the States of Holland and Westfrlesland, in the Eoyal Archives' at the Hague. ]

Resolution of the Noble, Great and Mighty Lords, the States of Holland and "West Friesland. The lO"" June, 1633.

The Committee appointed to communicate with the Directors of the East and West India Companies on the subject of the present trade, so far as it concerns the said Companies, presented a report of the interview which took place this morning with the Directors of the West India Company; when it was proposed to them. Whether the truce to be concluded with the opposite party, would be advantageous or not to them. In case they were of opinion that the truce would be of advantage to them, the limits and whatever depended thereon must be taken into consideration: in case they should conclude it to be disadvantageous to them, it must be considered how the aforesaid Company could be best maintained. That the aforesaid Directors answered thereunto, that they had handed in their reasons in writing, to which they still adhered; and that the aforesaid Company could not exist, except by war. That the condition of the Company was such, that it improved from day to day, whereof they shortly expect intelligence; some of which they had communicated. The aforesaid Committee communicating their opinions further to the Assembly, were of opinion that the aforesaid Company could not be well maintained without a war.

That the aforesaid Directors answered thereunto, that they had handed in their reasons in writing, to which they still adhered; and that the aforesaid Company could not exist, except by war. That the condition of the Company was such, that it improved from day to day, whereof they shortly expect intelligence; some of which they had communicated. The aforesaid Committee communicating their opinions further to the Assembly, were of opinion that the aforesaid Company could not be well maintained without a war.

62 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS.

Remonstrance of the West India Company against a Peace with Spain. [From Iha MS. in the Eoyal ArehiTes at the Hague; Lokelkas of the States General: Division, West Indischs CompagnU, No. 4.]

To the Great and Mighty Lords, the States of Holland and Westfriesland. Great and Mighty Lords. Your Great Mightinesses were pleased to summon this day the Directors of the Incorporated West India Company; namely, those of the Chamber at Amsterdam; and to explain to them what was done, or would still likely be done, in this negotiation with the enemy concerning the Company, and to ask their opinion thereupon. We had truly wished that all the opinions of the respective Chambers in these United Netherlands, could be heard on this subject at the same time, and so considered by the High and Mighty Lords States General and his Highness the Prince of Orange, that both might thereby advance the interest of Fatherland and the prosperity of the Company; and that the Company might be maintained, as we heretofore have humbly set forth in divers Deductions and Remonstrances; and particularly in the year 1629, when like deliberations were held. But as Your Great Mightinesses have been pleased to call on us specially on the subject, we shall not remain in default, but well and thoroughly inform your Great Mightiness of every thing that must be considered in this connection, for the interest of this State, according to our limited abilities and good disposition.

We had truly wished that all the opinions of the respective Chambers in these United Netherlands, could be heard on this subject at the same time, and so considered by the High and Mighty Lords States General and his Highness the Prince of Orange, that both might thereby advance the interest of Fatherland and the prosperity of the Company; and that the Company might be maintained, as we heretofore have humbly set forth in divers Deductions and Remonstrances; and particularly in the year 1629, when like deliberations were held. But as Your Great Mightinesses have been pleased to call on us specially on the subject, we shall not remain in default, but well and thoroughly inform your Great Mightiness of every thing that must be considered in this connection, for the interest of this State, according to our limited abilities and good disposition. And, lay before Your Great Mightinesses, first of all, the vast services this Company hath, from its inception until now, conferred on this State, and what it can further perform hereafter. For, howbeit, we trust that the enemy's persevering endeavors to be freed from the arms of this Company in the West Indies, is a clear and irrefragible argument of the service which it is daily conferring on this State, whilst the latter seems, nevertheless, not to greatly esteem or consider it ; yet the following Deduction will serve more strongly to confirm those who have duly comprehended the importance of the Company to this State, and aflford better information to those who may entertain a doubt thereupon.

For, howbeit, we trust that the enemy's persevering endeavors to be freed from the arms of this Company in the West Indies, is a clear and irrefragible argument of the service which it is daily conferring on this State, whilst the latter seems, nevertheless, not to greatly esteem or consider it ; yet the following Deduction will serve more strongly to confirm those who have duly comprehended the importance of the Company to this State, and aflford better information to those who may entertain a doubt thereupon.

Brief deduction of the advantages the Commonwealth derives from the Company.

As regards what it consumes. First: The Company hath yearly, on an average, one year with another, equipped, victualled and dispatched over fifty ships. Hath employed over six thousand, as well soldiers as seamen, and over eight or nine thousand during the last year. And for the support thereof, purchased and slaughtered a large quantity of cattle, made great store of biscuit, hard bread, flour, beans, peas, groats, dried codfish, butter and cheese, and such like supplies. Hath, also, sent large quantity of wines, brandies, oil, vinegar, and similar liquors. Item, a large amount of powder, lead, bullets, and other munitions of war. Secondly: Regarding duties. The Company imported an excessively large amount of costly wares, such as Cochineal, Silk, Indigo, an innumerable quantity of Sugars, Hides, Ginger and other spices. Cotton,

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS : IL 63 Elephants' teeth, Tobacco, Brazil and other woods, Salt, Gums, etc., from the exportation of which to other countries the State had the benefit of large duties. Thirdly: By the increase of the Trade and Wealth of the Commonalty. The said Company brought into the country a very large amount of gold and silver, both coined and uncoined; exported a vast quantity of all sorts of manufactures, most of which were made here for the Trade to Guinea alone requires, for all descriptions of manufactures, ;

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS : IL 63 Elephants' teeth, Tobacco, Brazil and other woods, Salt, Gums, etc., from the exportation of which to other countries the State had the benefit of large duties. Thirdly: By the increase of the Trade and Wealth of the Commonalty. The said Company brought into the country a very large amount of gold and silver, both coined and uncoined; exported a vast quantity of all sorts of manufactures, most of which were made here for the Trade to Guinea alone requires, for all descriptions of manufactures, ;

an annual outlay of above five tons of gold, and returns yearly into the country over ten tons of gold. In like manner, a large quantity of goods was shipped to other parts of Africa and America, in return for which many other goods were imported, whereby the inhabitants of this country obtained trade and employment. Fourthly: By strengthening the Country. The Company hath, at present, about one hundred and twenty well built ships, some of 400. and some of 300 lasts; several of 250 200 and 150 lasts and the remainder of smaller dimensions; all as well supplied with metal and iron pieces, and suitable ammunition, as any of the enemy's best and largest vessels. One-third, or in case of need, fully one-half of those can almost always be employed in the public service. The Company maintains and employs a large number of seamen, who, otherwise, would not find any work, and fits them for divers situations, even the highest in the State. Fifthly: Regarding the aid afilbrded to the Country. Particularly, wlien the enemy invaded the Veluwe, the Company supplied the common people with ammunition and provisions, so that its fleet, destined for Brazil, was thereby detained over three months, whilst it had to maintain above three thousand men abroad doing nothing, to the great damage and obstruction of its designs.

The Company maintains and employs a large number of seamen, who, otherwise, would not find any work, and fits them for divers situations, even the highest in the State. Fifthly: Regarding the aid afilbrded to the Country. Particularly, wlien the enemy invaded the Veluwe, the Company supplied the common people with ammunition and provisions, so that its fleet, destined for Brazil, was thereby detained over three months, whilst it had to maintain above three thousand men abroad doing nothing, to the great damage and obstruction of its designs. The Company aided the State, in its necessity, with a handsome sum of ready money. And so strengthened it by the rich distribution of public and private wealth, that it became much better able to bear the public charges, and more promptly to discharge them. Sixthly: Seeing that it has inflicted such excessive damage on the enemy, and caused an indescribable diversion Laid waste Bahia, which, independent of the incurred damages, cost the King of Spain over ten millions to recover it; and, also, captured, plundered and destroyed Porto Rico, Margarita, Sancta Martha, St. Thomas, Guiana, and sundry other places; Took and retained Pernambuco and Tamarica, whereby the King of Spain hath lost over a million and a half of yearly revenue. Forced the said King to great expence of fleets, to be sent to Brazil, whence his sugars used heretofore to be brought home without any trouble, and whilst he lay asleep; and his revenue collected without any cost. Item. Prevented the Portuguese, by the continual cruizing of our ships on the coast of Brazil, from bringing over their sugars and other produce; twenty-three per cent of which, when imported, went to the King; and as much when exported, amounting together to forty-six per cent, nearly half the sugar; without the loss which is suffered in Brazil wood, from shrinkage.

Forced the said King to great expence of fleets, to be sent to Brazil, whence his sugars used heretofore to be brought home without any trouble, and whilst he lay asleep; and his revenue collected without any cost. Item. Prevented the Portuguese, by the continual cruizing of our ships on the coast of Brazil, from bringing over their sugars and other produce; twenty-three per cent of which, when imported, went to the King; and as much when exported, amounting together to forty-six per cent, nearly half the sugar; without the loss which is suffered in Brazil wood, from shrinkage. Also, captured his fleet from New Spain, and thrice made prize of the rich Honduras ships; took, moreover, in divers parts of Africa and America, over a hundred of his vessels, most of which had full freights, including several of his best galleons; and burnt and destroyed nearly as many, if not more, that had ran ashore.

64 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. Forced him to dispatch a greater number of galleons and armed ships, than he was formerly accustomed to send, to convey the fleet from Terra firma and New Spain. Obliged him to change his usual seasons, and to let his ships come over at unusual and unfavorable periods of the year, whereby a rich fleet from New Spain was, last year, almost entirely lost; and (as far as we can ascertain) his last year's fleet, which otherwise ought to have been in before the winter, hath not as yet arrived up to the present time; by all which his treasury is so exhausted, and his credit so damaged, that it can with difficulty be repaired; and he is, in consequence, obliged to apply to this country even for the Truce. It is also to be considered, that this State hath paid and still pays to foreign princes, heavy

Obliged him to change his usual seasons, and to let his ships come over at unusual and unfavorable periods of the year, whereby a rich fleet from New Spain was, last year, almost entirely lost; and (as far as we can ascertain) his last year's fleet, which otherwise ought to have been in before the winter, hath not as yet arrived up to the present time; by all which his treasury is so exhausted, and his credit so damaged, that it can with difficulty be repaired; and he is, in consequence, obliged to apply to this country even for the Truce. It is also to be considered, that this State hath paid and still pays to foreign princes, heavy

yearly subsidies, the money whereof goes and remains out of the country; and nothing was obtained in return, except what was effected this last year by the Company, who expend the

subsidies in this country. From all this, and from what can be more fully set forth, if necessary, your Great Mightinesses will easily perceive what services the Company hath rendered this State, and what advantages the country hath derived from it. And more especially this province of Holland and Westfriesland, because thither flowed six-ninths of the Company's capital, and here most of the equipments were made; besides all that is above enumerated, the Company can hereafter effect still more for the public service, and to the enemy's prejudice. And that with greater ease and much more effectually than heretofore, first, because it now possesses, in Brazil, the most important points in that country, and the most convenient that could be selected in all America ; as the entire world, and even the enemy best knows. Secondly, because it has ascertained by great outlay and long experience, where the King's power in America is weakest, and how easily he can be deprived of the most valuable of his revenues.

And that with greater ease and much more effectually than heretofore, first, because it now possesses, in Brazil, the most important points in that country, and the most convenient that could be selected in all America ; as the entire world, and even the enemy best knows. Secondly, because it has ascertained by great outlay and long experience, where the King's power in America is weakest, and how easily he can be deprived of the most valuable of his revenues. Whether these services which the Company can confer on the country, and which this State hath undoubtedly a right to expect for its preservation and for the humbling of the enemy, ought still be continued and encouraged or rather whether, on the contrary, such favorable advantages ;

ought to be thrown away, are considerations which we leave to commend themselves to your Great Mightinesses' wise deliberations. For your Great Mightinesses will easily perceive the advantage the King of Spain hath to expect it the Company's Ships, and power be lifted off' his neck. And how soon he, unobstructed in the arrival of his fleets, will be able to recruit his battered finances and credit, and become, ere long, more formidable to this State and its Allies than he ever has been before and bow easily he will be able to fortify the places which now lie open to us, and to ;

strengthen those already fortified, so that all our power and knowledge will hereafter profit us nothing. We can herein prescribe in no wise to your Great Mightinesses, nor be of use any longer than is agreeable to this State. But this we must, in virtue of our office, lay in all submission, before your Great Mightinesses, that the Company, so far as the interest of its stockholders is concerned, can without great loss, be easily brought to this negotiation, by money or goods for its contracts, such as the case deserves.

We can herein prescribe in no wise to your Great Mightinesses, nor be of use any longer than is agreeable to this State. But this we must, in virtue of our office, lay in all submission, before your Great Mightinesses, that the Company, so far as the interest of its stockholders is concerned, can without great loss, be easily brought to this negotiation, by money or goods for its contracts, such as the case deserves. That the Stockholders also would easily forget their losses, if the State might, by that means, be much benefitted but that the Company would thereby, in ;

time, come to ruin, and be unable to do the State any further service.

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS: IL 65 For unless the war with the King of Spain continue, and liberal subsidies be received from the State, it can derive scarcely any benefit from the Company, even if any essential injury done tiie enemy; for, it will be of no consequence to this State, whether the Company, by negotiation, retain its possessions in Brazil, or restore Ihem to the King for a sum of money. We willingly acknowledge that this Company was, in the beginning, designed principally for the augmentation of trade and navigation, without which the great multitude of seafaring people, with which God has blessed this country, could not be employed, nor the several trades kept in continual action and prosperity. Also, that those who, in that operation, pretended to have been most clear sighted, were of the opinion that the countries of the West Indies were not so thickly settled and planted by our enemies, but that trade could be established with divers people and Nations ; colonies carried emoluments derived therefrom over, plantations of divers profitable products promoted, and similar to what our enemies have now for many years drawn from their's to the manifest strengthening of the King's finances and in case of delay or ill success, it was expected to ;

Also, that those who, in that operation, pretended to have been most clear sighted, were of the opinion that the countries of the West Indies were not so thickly settled and planted by our enemies, but that trade could be established with divers people and Nations ; colonies carried emoluments derived therefrom over, plantations of divers profitable products promoted, and similar to what our enemies have now for many years drawn from their's to the manifest strengthening of the King's finances and in case of delay or ill success, it was expected to ;

make good a part of the loss, by return cargoes of salt but, in consequence of the tedious ;

negotiations with those of the North Quarter, the enemy hath wholly destroyed our Salt Trade at Punta del Rey. And in regard to trade, experience hath by degrees, made us wiser, and taught us, that it is very meager and indifferent with the people and nations who are still independent of the King of Spain ; also, that the countries still unoccupied, are for the most part unproductive and of little value, and those which have been found good and productive, being greatly encumbered by timber, &c., are very difficult of cultivation, especially for our nation, who, being unaccustomed to so hot a climate, find it difficult to apply themselves to labor, and being unprovided with slaves and also not in the habit of making use of them, cannot supply their own inefficiency by the labor of others, as the Spaniards and Portuguese easily do by that of the Blacks and Indians. Moreover, the peopling of such wild and uncleared lands, demands more inhabitants than our country can supply; not so much for want of population, with which our provinces swarm, as because all those who will labor in any way here, can easily obtain support, and, therefore, are disinclined to go far from home on an uncertainty.

And in regard to trade, experience hath by degrees, made us wiser, and taught us, that it is very meager and indifferent with the people and nations who are still independent of the King of Spain ; also, that the countries still unoccupied, are for the most part unproductive and of little value, and those which have been found good and productive, being greatly encumbered by timber, &c., are very difficult of cultivation, especially for our nation, who, being unaccustomed to so hot a climate, find it difficult to apply themselves to labor, and being unprovided with slaves and also not in the habit of making use of them, cannot supply their own inefficiency by the labor of others, as the Spaniards and Portuguese easily do by that of the Blacks and Indians. Moreover, the peopling of such wild and uncleared lands, demands more inhabitants than our country can supply; not so much for want of population, with which our provinces swarm, as because all those who will labor in any way here, can easily obtain support, and, therefore, are disinclined to go far from home on an uncertainty. To which can be added, the uncertainty of being able to protect themselves, unless at a greater expence than the apparent gains to be derived therefrom, seem to justify. But in order that your Great Mightinesses may be thoroughly informed herein, and understand the condition of the countries yet unoccupied by our enemies, we shall, with this view, explain to you. High and Mighty, more minutely our limits in the West Indies, together with the extent and condition thereof. The limits granted to us by your High Mightinesses begin, on the North, at New France, the bounds whereof were extended so very far by the French, that they would call in question our New Netherland, which is the first country occupied by our people.

But in order that your Great Mightinesses may be thoroughly informed herein, and understand the condition of the countries yet unoccupied by our enemies, we shall, with this view, explain to you. High and Mighty, more minutely our limits in the West Indies, together with the extent and condition thereof. The limits granted to us by your High Mightinesses begin, on the North, at New France, the bounds whereof were extended so very far by the French, that they would call in question our New Netherland, which is the first country occupied by our people. Though this district, in point of climate, ought to be as warm and suitable for fruit culture as the confines of France adjoining Spain, yet it was found to be nearly colder than the latter, yea, than more northerly countries. For this reason, then, the people conveyed thither by us have as yet been able to discover only scanty means of subsistence, and have been no advantage, but a drawback to this Company. The trade there in peltries is, indeed, very profitable, but one year with another only fifty thousand guilders, at most, can be brought home. South of this follow Virginia, Vol. I. 9

96 NEW-YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. settled by the English, and Florida, so far as it is adapted to trade, by the Spaniards. The large Islands are occupied by the Spaniards the small are difficult of access; their condition ;

as yet but little known, and some of the best of all the roadsteads are in the possession of the French and English in addition to this, the English lay claim to all the Caribbean islands, by ;

96 NEW-YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. settled by the English, and Florida, so far as it is adapted to trade, by the Spaniards. The large Islands are occupied by the Spaniards the small are difficult of access; their condition ;

as yet but little known, and some of the best of all the roadsteads are in the possession of the French and English in addition to this, the English lay claim to all the Caribbean islands, by ;

virtue of a certain grant made to the Earl of Carlisle. Moreover, from the Cape of Florida, which runs out opposite Cuba, to the beginning of New Spain, there is still more land adapted for settlement, and people to trade with. Now, from New Spain, Eastward, the whole coast of Incanata, Honduras and Terra Firma (as the Spaniards call it) to beyond Trinidad, and not only the coasts, but also the islands, are all settled by Spaniards; except next to these, the Guiana country, which we call the Wild coast; this Coast and divers rivers are inhabited by free Indians, and still unsettled in these countries are many products which might be advantageously ;

brought hither but what of them ? Those people are so barbarous, and have so few wants ;

(inasmuch as they feel no desire for clothing, and require no necessaries for their subsistence) that all the trade which exists there, can easily be carried on with two or three ships a year, and be maintained with trifling Capital. The country is bounded by the great river of the Amazons, which also, is not free from Spanish settlements, as our people have experienced to their damage. Next follows again, an extensive coast unto Ikazil, the greatest part of which possessing any capability of producing articles of trade or cultivation, is altogether settled by the Portuguese.

(inasmuch as they feel no desire for clothing, and require no necessaries for their subsistence) that all the trade which exists there, can easily be carried on with two or three ships a year, and be maintained with trifling Capital. The country is bounded by the great river of the Amazons, which also, is not free from Spanish settlements, as our people have experienced to their damage. Next follows again, an extensive coast unto Ikazil, the greatest part of which possessing any capability of producing articles of trade or cultivation, is altogether settled by the Portuguese. Brazil, wholly settled by them, extends beyond the Tropic of Capricorn, and from thence onward to the straits of Magellan, and is of no value. Across the Strait, in the South sea, nothing remains unsettled, except the west part of Magellianica and a part of Chili, and finally, the isolated ( geunageneerde ) wealthy countries of Terra Australis. Thus your Great Mightinesses see what remains, within such great limits,in the West

Indies, open to the Company for trade or cultivation; wherefore, from the commencement of our administration, we preferred to proceed in a warlike manner against the common enemy; the rather, because we found that even the few nations (whether situate far or near) who are independent of the King of Spain, could be brought to trade with us in no other way than by declaring themselves in our favor, and showing themselves to be, in fact, enemies of the Spaniards; but principally because we found that the expected service, for the welfare of our Fatherland and the destruction of our hereditary enemy, could not be accomplished by the trifling trade with the Indians, or the tardy cultivation of uninhabited regions; but, in reality,

Indies, open to the Company for trade or cultivation; wherefore, from the commencement of our administration, we preferred to proceed in a warlike manner against the common enemy; the rather, because we found that even the few nations (whether situate far or near) who are independent of the King of Spain, could be brought to trade with us in no other way than by declaring themselves in our favor, and showing themselves to be, in fact, enemies of the Spaniards; but principally because we found that the expected service, for the welfare of our Fatherland and the destruction of our hereditary enemy, could not be accomplished by the trifling trade with the Indians, or the tardy cultivation of uninhabited regions; but, in reality,

by acts of hostility against the ships and property of the King of Spain and of his subjects; surprizing his possessions and preserving them for the public service; which plan has been so graciously blessed by God, during these latter years, that great wealth has thereby been brought to this State, and the enemy's finances thrown into such arrears and confusion, that no improvement is to be expected therein, except from the cessation of our arms and retaining our fleets at home, out of those countries. But this prosecution of war, instead of commerce, has not been undertaken by us, of our own mere motion, but principally by the advice of the High and Mighty Lords States General, and the concurrence of his Serene Grace, the Prince of Orange; for your Great Mightinesses will well remember, that from the very inception of the Company, we have all been solicited by their High Mightinesses' Commissioners, not only to undertake some hostile expedition against the enemy, but even to dispatch our fleet to

But this prosecution of war, instead of commerce, has not been undertaken by us, of our own mere motion, but principally by the advice of the High and Mighty Lords States General, and the concurrence of his Serene Grace, the Prince of Orange; for your Great Mightinesses will well remember, that from the very inception of the Company, we have all been solicited by their High Mightinesses' Commissioners, not only to undertake some hostile expedition against the enemy, but even to dispatch our fleet to

reinforce that which a short time before had been ordered out under the command of Admiral L' Hermite, and to send the ships we had then by us ready equipped in the Zuyder Zee, which

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS: IL 67

from good motives and with their High Mightinesses' concurience, were dispatched to Bahia de Todos los Sanctos. From these beginnings have we proceeded farther and farther into war; and undertaken, with their High Mightinesses' advice and the approbation of iiis Serene Grace, divers expeditions which, to the astonishment of the universe, have been crowned, from time to time, with sucli success; and neglected to plant colonies and to settle countries, from which as great trade might have followed as we at present possess, or in all probability, could speedily establish; so that there remains only the trade to Guinea and Africa, which is comparison with the Company's large Capital, and had been already diverted and trifling in

spoiled, by other nations; and, iu season of truce, still greater hazard is to be expected in that quarter. We, therefore, confidently, and of our certain knowledge, do assert, that the entering into a Truce, must be the ruin of this Company; and that your High Mightinesses will for ever lose the fortunate prop of this State, and the great decrease of your hereditary enemy's finances; for, let us by means of commerce be much greater than we can yet imagine, not a straw can the enemy be weakened thereby; nor can the sixth part of our ships be employed; and, consequently, only a small portion of the Seamen kept in service.

We, therefore, confidently, and of our certain knowledge, do assert, that the entering into a Truce, must be the ruin of this Company; and that your High Mightinesses will for ever lose the fortunate prop of this State, and the great decrease of your hereditary enemy's finances; for, let us by means of commerce be much greater than we can yet imagine, not a straw can the enemy be weakened thereby; nor can the sixth part of our ships be employed; and, consequently, only a small portion of the Seamen kept in service. We cannot oblige tiie Indians to trade with us; nor can we trade with them, without circumspection, if we show ourselves the friends of the Spaniards, and to have intimate relation with them. It were idle to court the Chilians and to spare the Spaniards. In fine, nothing will remain for us, save a meager scum of a well fed body; for the Company will be obliged to sell a great portion of their largest ships and many of their guns, at a heavy sacrifice, and to send the people away empty or sick; and then, nevertheless, to make further reductions. The stockholders will be discouraged; the shares will fall in value; many will sell out; as some have already done, and daily continue to do; even of those who, up to this time, have conferred lustre on this Company. We earnestly trust that neither their High Mightinesses, nor iiis Serene Grace, will suffer this, nor unnecessarily surrender so great an advantage to the enemy; but, rather, that they will adopt a laudable and firm resolution to maintain the Company in their Charter, and aid them in prosecuting the war; and that your Great Mightinesses will, herein, set them an example of zeal equal to what you formerly exhibited.

The stockholders will be discouraged; the shares will fall in value; many will sell out; as some have already done, and daily continue to do; even of those who, up to this time, have conferred lustre on this Company. We earnestly trust that neither their High Mightinesses, nor iiis Serene Grace, will suffer this, nor unnecessarily surrender so great an advantage to the enemy; but, rather, that they will adopt a laudable and firm resolution to maintain the Company in their Charter, and aid them in prosecuting the war; and that your Great Mightinesses will, herein, set them an example of zeal equal to what you formerly exhibited. For, as we have lately at some length submitted to their High Mightinesses, affairs in Brazil are so shaped that by sending a some what stronger force and an experienced chief thither (as we now propose to do, if properly encouraged) that place will not only be secured to this State, but rendered so profitable that its expenses will disappear, and it will produce great trade and prosperity to this country. Your Great Mightinesses can determine that the subsidies we have hereunto demanded are not so great as to embarrass this State; some provinces make no difficulty about them; but where those subsidies appear to be a little heavier than present circumstances can well justify, the profit to be reaped therefrom is also so great, and the security which this State will obtain thereby, so evident, that there ought not to be a moment's hesitation about it. Foreign princes, whose good successes were both to be desired and feared, were voted these past years heavier subsidies; these were not grudged to those from whom this State hath heretofore derived but little advantage, all for the purpose of creating a diversion, and weakening the enemy; with what excuse then will men be able to cover their neglect or disregard of a Company, which, out of its own private means, hath wrought such good for the commonwealth, and which nestles here under your Great Mightinesses' wings, and cannot be dreaded except by its enemies ?

Foreign princes, whose good successes were both to be desired and feared, were voted these past years heavier subsidies; these were not grudged to those from whom this State hath heretofore derived but little advantage, all for the purpose of creating a diversion, and weakening the enemy; with what excuse then will men be able to cover their neglect or disregard of a Company, which, out of its own private means, hath wrought such good for the commonwealth, and which nestles here under your Great Mightinesses' wings, and cannot be dreaded except by its enemies ?

68 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. If your Great Mightinesses please to examine the deliberations previous to the compleat establishment of the Company; the Charter which their High Mightinesses offered, unsolicited hy their subjects; the circumstances which occurred in the course of the Administration, it is a very questionable point, whether the Directors are not better able to vindicate themselves before their stockholders for having expended their property so lavishly in the public service, than the rulers of this State to excuse themselves to posterity for having had such little regard for the services of the Company, which they had hitherto assisted, as to abandon it at last on the appearance of the enemy. It depends on the determination of the Lords to continue the war, or to terminate it by a peace, or even to suspend it for some years, by a truce. Whichever b(! resolved upon, the Company must necessarily come into consideration. The enemy who intrudes herein, seems not disposed to come to any conclusion, before and until the Company be taken off his neck, and the captured places restored on certain conditions. We are not afraid that their High Mightinesses will concur with the foe in this ; but, indeed, that those who most affect the truce, may charge us with being an obstruction to its full

Whichever b(! resolved upon, the Company must necessarily come into consideration. The enemy who intrudes herein, seems not disposed to come to any conclusion, before and until the Company be taken off his neck, and the captured places restored on certain conditions. We are not afraid that their High Mightinesses will concur with the foe in this ; but, indeed, that those who most affect the truce, may charge us with being an obstruction to its full

accomplishment. And, although it were in no wise to be tolerated, the consequence will be, that the resolution of subsidies will be passed late, and carried slowly into effect, so that, in conclusion, we shall have to pray your Great Mightinesses seriously to consider, first: whether this State hath to expect any notable relief and profit from the war which the Company is to continue in the countries of America; or, if it be better to oblige the King so far as to surrender such considerable advantages, obtained at so great an expense, and to abandon the Company. And. meanwhile, your Great Mightinesses are humbly requested to take into consideration the Charter the High and Mighty Lords States General have granted us, which attracted stockholders not only in this country, but also among many of the confederates, and how it will be possible to answer the one or the other before the world ; also, to pay due attention to the placards lately promulgated in Brazil, in the name of their High Mightinesses, according to which the natives and likewise some of the Portuguese, as we are informed, have already begun to regulate themselves, and cannot be abandoned without marked infamy and loss of credit. We pray God, that He be pleased to inspire your Great Mightinesses in such wise, as shall tend to the dissemination of His honor, and the prosperity of our fatherland.

And. meanwhile, your Great Mightinesses are humbly requested to take into consideration the Charter the High and Mighty Lords States General have granted us, which attracted stockholders not only in this country, but also among many of the confederates, and how it will be possible to answer the one or the other before the world ; also, to pay due attention to the placards lately promulgated in Brazil, in the name of their High Mightinesses, according to which the natives and likewise some of the Portuguese, as we are informed, have already begun to regulate themselves, and cannot be abandoned without marked infamy and loss of credit. We pray God, that He be pleased to inspire your Great Mightinesses in such wise, as shall tend to the dissemination of His honor, and the prosperity of our fatherland.

Subject for the Consideration of the Assembly of the XIX. 1634.

[ From the Original In the Koyal Archivea at the H»gae : File, Vea Indie. ]

Points of Reference on which all the Chambers of the West India Company are summoned to Amsterdam for the IS"" March, 1634, extracted as far as relates to New Netherland. e"- Point. Inasmuch as the differences with the proprietors of Colonies of New Netherland were postponed at the last meeting, the members shall be reminded to come with mature deliberation, in order to terminate this matter at once, according to the Resolution of the T"" and lO"" September, IG"" November, and 17"" and 21" December last.

Points of Reference on which all the Chambers of the West India Company are summoned to Amsterdam for the IS"" March, 1634, extracted as far as relates to New Netherland. e"- Point. Inasmuch as the differences with the proprietors of Colonies of New Netherland were postponed at the last meeting, the members shall be reminded to come with mature deliberation, in order to terminate this matter at once, according to the Resolution of the T"" and lO"" September, IG"" November, and 17"" and 21" December last.

,

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS : II. 69

Resolution of (lie States General on the difficulties lelioeen the Company and the Patroons.

[ From the Eegi»ter of Resolutions of the States General, In the Royal Archives at the Hagne. ]

Saturday the IS"" May, 1634. Foiio403. Read a certain memorial presented to their High Mightinesses, setting forth West India Company aeainst ^ ,.«, ix-v ., «. that some ditierences liave arisen between the Directors of the West India ,

New Nfiheriand. Company, on the one part, and the Patroons, Planters in New Netherland, on the other side; and that parties have, according to resolution of the Assembly of the XIX., recently held in Amsterdam, mutually referred the said question to their High Mightinesses, or their committee ; and High Mightinesses should therefore nominate some that their Commissioners from their body, before whom both parties may'submit and institute their suits, in order that, after hearing said parties, judgment may be rendered according to equity. Which being considered, it is hereby resolved and decided to request and appoint Mess" Arnhem, Herberts de Knuyt, Weede, Lecklama and Haersolte to hear and understand both sides, pro and con, respecting their differences; and afterwards to decide said differences as, by plurality of votes, shall be found most agreeable to justice; and in case of the absence of the one party or the other, their High Mightinesses' said Commissioners are empowered to transact business with the party present ; and those interested shall be summoned to appear here on the 21" inst., in order to proceed to business on the day following.

Which being considered, it is hereby resolved and decided to request and appoint Mess" Arnhem, Herberts de Knuyt, Weede, Lecklama and Haersolte to hear and understand both sides, pro and con, respecting their differences; and afterwards to decide said differences as, by plurality of votes, shall be found most agreeable to justice; and in case of the absence of the one party or the other, their High Mightinesses' said Commissioners are empowered to transact business with the party present ; and those interested shall be summoned to appear here on the 21" inst., in order to proceed to business on the day following.

General to the Amsterdam Chamber of the West India Company.

[From the Minute In the Royal Archives at the Hague ; File, West Indie. ]

To the Chamber of the West India Company at Amsterdam, as presiding Chamber. The 13 May, 1634. The States. ^'"'agllSt"'""'^ Whereas we have this day deputed some Lords from our Assembly, to hear and '^^'^ Nethlrrand"" cxamine you and the committee from the principal stockholders on the one side, and the Patroons, planters in New Netherland on the other side, respecting the differences which have arisen with authority afterwards to determine the said differences as they, by ;

most agreeable to justice. And the 22'' instant having been fixed plurality of votes, shall find and appointed by our commissioners for that business; we have therefore resolved to notify you thereof, requesting that your delegates, together with the authorized principal stockholders, may be here at the Hague on the evening of the 21" instant, with full powers and instructions, in order to appear on the following day before our Commissioners above mentioned, who will then proceed to business. Wherein fail not.

And the 22'' instant having been fixed plurality of votes, shall find and appointed by our commissioners for that business; we have therefore resolved to notify you thereof, requesting that your delegates, together with the authorized principal stockholders, may be here at the Hague on the evening of the 21" instant, with full powers and instructions, in order to appear on the following day before our Commissioners above mentioned, who will then proceed to business. Wherein fail not.

Done IS"- May, 1634.

70 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS.

States General to the Patroons of JVew Netherland. [ From the Minute in the Royal Archives at the Hague ; File, Wmt Tndie. ]

To Mr. Michiel Pauw, Lord of Achtienhoven, Co-Patroon ia New Netherland. The IS"" May, 1634. The States. '^^'' Whereas we have this day deputed some Lords from our Assembly, to hear cTrnpany"'^'"

thePatrooMofNew and examine you and the other interested patroons, planters of the Colonies in

Blommert,

laSeurick utmei. differences which have arisen, with power afterwards to determine the said differences, as by plurality of votes they shall find equitable. And tlie 22'' instant having been fixed and appointed by the said Lords, our Deputies, as the day for the business; we have therefore resolved to notify you thereof, commanding you to attend here at the Hague, duly provided in all things, as the case requires, on the evening of the 21" instant, in order to appear on the next day, for the purposes aforesaid, before the above mentioned Lords, our deputies, who will then proceed to business. Wherein fail not; giving notice hereof to the other patroons, planters, who are also interested in the aforesaid diflTerences.

And tlie 22'' instant having been fixed and appointed by the said Lords, our Deputies, as the day for the business; we have therefore resolved to notify you thereof, commanding you to attend here at the Hague, duly provided in all things, as the case requires, on the evening of the 21" instant, in order to appear on the next day, for the purposes aforesaid, before the above mentioned Lords, our deputies, who will then proceed to business. Wherein fail not; giving notice hereof to the other patroons, planters, who are also interested in the aforesaid diflTerences.

Done 13 May, 1634.

Resolution of the States General on a letter from the West India Company. [ From the EcgiEter of Eesolutions of the States General, in the Eoyal Archives at the Hague. ]

Monday, 22 May, 1634. Folio 480. Read a letter from the Directors of the West India Company at Amsterdam, West India Com- gf i|-|e gQ"' instaut, requesting, for reasons therein set forth, that the appearance Planters. before their High Mightinesses' Deputies, whereunto they are summoned for the 22'* instant, may be postponed for eight days or more. Whereupon it is resolved, to hand the aforesaid letter to Messrs. Arnhem and others, their High Mightinesses' Deputies, who will fix another suitable day, and notify the aforesaid Directors, together with the masters of the Colonies in New Netherland, to appear as aforesaid.

Mesolution of the States General fixing a day for hearing the Patroons, &c. [ From the Register of Kesolutions of the States General, in the Royal Archives at the Hague. ]

Read a letter from the Directors of the West India Company at Amsterdam, West India Com- gf i|-|e gQ"' instaut, requesting, for reasons therein set forth, that the appearance Planters. before their High Mightinesses' Deputies, whereunto they are summoned for the 22'* instant, may be postponed for eight days or more. Whereupon it is resolved, to hand the aforesaid letter to Messrs. Arnhem and others, their High Mightinesses' Deputies, who will fix another suitable day, and notify the aforesaid Directors, together with the masters of the Colonies in New Netherland, to appear as aforesaid.

Mesolution of the States General fixing a day for hearing the Patroons, &c. [ From the Register of Kesolutions of the States General, in the Royal Archives at the Hague. ]

Saturday, 10 June, 1634. Folio 4S2. Westlndia Company On motion of Mr. Arnhem, the Directors of the West India Company, and the »t , i ,, , i in New Netherland shall be summoned to be on the evening . , , i i against the Patroons plant- Patroous, planters r *-*

«"• of the 14"' instant at the tavern, in order to proceed to business next day on the difference between them respectively existing.

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS: II. 71

States General to the Patroons of New Neiherland.

[ From the Minute In the Royal Archives at the Hague. File, West Indie. ]

To the Patroons, planters in New Netherland. The 10"" June, 1634.

The States.

differences existing with those of the West India Company, respecting the Colonies and their rights in New Netherland. And whereas the day must be postponed at the request of those of the West India Company, we have accordingly adjourned it until the 14"" instant, next ensuing, in the evening, at the tavern. Wherein fail not.

[ From the Minute In the Royal Archives at the Hague. File, West Indie. ]

To the Patroons, planters in New Netherland. The 10"" June, 1634.

The States.

differences existing with those of the West India Company, respecting the Colonies and their rights in New Netherland. And whereas the day must be postponed at the request of those of the West India Company, we have accordingly adjourned it until the 14"" instant, next ensuing, in the evening, at the tavern. Wherein fail not.

Done lO"- June, 1634.

States General to the Amsterdam Chamber of the West India Compamj. [ From the Minute in the Eojral Archives at the Hogue. File, West Indie, ]

To the Directors of the West India Company, in the Chamber at Amsterdam. The 10"" June 1634.

The States. West Indira Company ^6 notified you on the IS"" May last, to appear here on the evening of the '" ^^'^ 21" then ncxt ensuing, on the subject of the differences with the Patroons, Netherland!

planters in New Netherland. And whereas the day must be postponed at your request, we have accordingly adjourned it until the 14"" instant next ensuing, at the tavern, in order to proceed to business on the following day. Wherein fail not.

Done 10"- June, 1634.

Mr. Joachimi to the States General. [ From the Original, in the Eoyal Archives at the Hague ; File, Engelcmd. ]

High and Mighty Lords.

Mess" William Clobery, David Morehead and Johan de la Barre, merchants here in London, having fitted out a ship to trade on Hudson's river, as they call it, have been prevented to traffic there, and in that vicinity, by the Officers of the Dutch West India Company. Deeming themselves injured thereby, they pretend to demand reparation for their damages. Previous,

Joachimi to the States General. [ From the Original, in the Eoyal Archives at the Hague ; File, Engelcmd. ]

High and Mighty Lords.

Mess" William Clobery, David Morehead and Johan de la Barre, merchants here in London, having fitted out a ship to trade on Hudson's river, as they call it, have been prevented to traffic there, and in that vicinity, by the Officers of the Dutch West India Company. Deeming themselves injured thereby, they pretend to demand reparation for their damages. Previous,

72 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. however, to submitting their complaints to the King or to the Lords of his Majesty's Council, they concluded to speak to me and to place the information in my hands, to see if they could obtain satisfaction voluntarily for what they claim. Copy of the aforesaid information accompanies this. I have also sent a like copy to the Directors of the aforesaid Company. Parties have given nie tlie name of a person who offered them a good sum of money for the claim, in order, as they say, that these complaints may be added to the other grievances.For the Ambassador gathers together ail that can be collected against your High Spanish Mightinesses and your subjects, with a view to provoke and foster misunderstandings among this nation, against your High Mightinesses and the inhabitants of the United Netherlands.

To this they seem to attach altogether too much credit. Some months ago, disputes about boundaries broke out here, in presence of the King and his Majesty's Council, between those who have the King's Charter for Virginia and those who sail to and colonize New England. A noble Lord, who regrets to perceive that there is any misunderstanding between the English and Dutch nations, has informed me, that the aforesaid disputes did not arise because the persons above mentioned were suffering any injury, the one from the other, but in order to pick a quarrel with the Dutch about the possession of New Netiierland.

Some months ago, disputes about boundaries broke out here, in presence of the King and his Majesty's Council, between those who have the King's Charter for Virginia and those who sail to and colonize New England. A noble Lord, who regrets to perceive that there is any misunderstanding between the English and Dutch nations, has informed me, that the aforesaid disputes did not arise because the persons above mentioned were suffering any injury, the one from the other, but in order to pick a quarrel with the Dutch about the possession of New Netiierland. The aforesaid Lord was of opinion, that the disputes above mentioned, are forged in the Spanish forge. He asked, if the Dutch could not be disposed to pay the King of Great Britain some acknowledgment for

what they occupy there? I cut him off from all hope of that. The intrigues of the Spaniards are many and palpable. They have great advantage, because your High Mightinesses' power at sea, is looked on with great jealousy here. I humbly crave your High Mightinesses to

make such order, that I may know by the first opportunity, how I shall have to act further in this matter. The right way would be to leave these people to the law. But I fear, that this case would not be allowed to be tried in the ordinary manner; inasmuch as the question of the King's jurisdiction is mixed up with it. The merchant, or factor, of the ship in this case, is the same person that was factor to the French ship of Caen ; respecting which the Directors of the East India Company several years ago, had trouble. Your High Mightinesses' letter of the xvii March, with the M. Oxensterne's proposal, and the pieces thereunto belonging, and another of the xxi of the aforesaid month, respecting the two Scots skippers, arrived here only on the xvii instant, through want of conveyance from Zealand.

The merchant, or factor, of the ship in this case, is the same person that was factor to the French ship of Caen ; respecting which the Directors of the East India Company several years ago, had trouble. Your High Mightinesses' letter of the xvii March, with the M. Oxensterne's proposal, and the pieces thereunto belonging, and another of the xxi of the aforesaid month, respecting the two Scots skippers, arrived here only on the xvii instant, through want of conveyance from Zealand. Herewith I shall close this, commending myself respectfully to your High Mightinesses, and praying God, High and Mighty Lords, that He may bless your High Mightinesses' Government, more and more.

In London, the xxvii May, 1634. Your High Mightinesses' most humble servant. Received IS"" June, 1634. (signed) Alb. Joachimi. 1634.

Appendix; Received 13. June, 1634. Pro magro Clobery et Alio. 1 November 1633. Andrewe Hume of the precincte of Saincte Catherine, London marriner, aged about 32 1.

yeares, sworne before the Wor" William Sames, Doctor of Lawes, Surrogate to the righte

)

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS: IL 73

Wor" Sir Henry Marten, knight judge of his Majesties highe Court of the Admiralltye. To the first interrye hee sayeth, that the interr'= William Clobery, David Morehead and :

John Delabarr, in the monethes of November and December, Anno domini 1632 iaste paste, did freighte and victual! the interr'* Shippe, called the William of London (vyhereof William Trevore was Master) and did lade diverse goodes abord her, to be transported in the said Shippe to Hutsons baye, adioyninge unto Virginia. W'in his Mnjesties dominions there to be traded w"" and trucked awaye w"" the Natives of those countries for beaver skinnes and other skinnes or furrs; the premisses hee knoweth to be true, being m" mate of the said shippe the saide voyage.

John Delabarr, in the monethes of November and December, Anno domini 1632 iaste paste, did freighte and victual! the interr'* Shippe, called the William of London (vyhereof William Trevore was Master) and did lade diverse goodes abord her, to be transported in the said Shippe to Hutsons baye, adioyninge unto Virginia. W'in his Mnjesties dominions there to be traded w"" and trucked awaye w"" the Natives of those countries for beaver skinnes and other skinnes or furrs; the premisses hee knoweth to be true, being m" mate of the said shippe the saide voyage. To the second hee sayeth, that the said shippe did arrive into Hutsons river upon or about the thirteenth day of Aprill last past ; and that the mouth or entrance of said river is

about the latitude of ffourtye degrees and twentye minutes, and in longitude sixe and fourtye degrees or thereaboutes from England, accomptinge twentye leagues to a degree. And sayeth, that assoone as the said shippe came into harbor within the said river, the Dutch commanded all her compauye (excepte one boye) to leave the said shippe and to come to theirs forte. Where they were about halfe an houre, and then wente abord theirs shippe againe ; and afterwards wente about ffourtye leagues upp into the river. And there Jacob Jacobson Elkins, the merchants factor, and some others of the Companye wente on shoare and pitchte his tente and carryed divers goodes with them to trade with the natives of those places for beavers and other furrs. But the Dutch foUoweth them upp the said river, and would not suffer thsm to trads there; but went on shoare, and pulled downe ds said factors tent, and carried the goods and the said factor, and ths rest of the companye, which were on shoare abord the said shippe the William againe.

And there Jacob Jacobson Elkins, the merchants factor, and some others of the Companye wente on shoare and pitchte his tente and carryed divers goodes with them to trade with the natives of those places for beavers and other furrs. But the Dutch foUoweth them upp the said river, and would not suffer thsm to trads there; but went on shoare, and pulled downe ds said factors tent, and carried the goods and the said factor, and ths rest of the companye, which were on shoare abord the said shippe the William againe. And as they were carryinge of them abord, sounded theire trumpett in the boate, in disgrace of the Englishe, and beate twoe Indians, which came and broughte others with thsm to trade with the said Jacob Jacobson, beinge acquainted with him. And afterwards the Dutch goings abord the said shippe, they weighed her anchors and inforced her companye to depte with the said shippe out of the said river, and went downe the river with them to sea They should not trade there, and the said merchants factor (as he tould this exaidate and others of the said shipps' companye) desired a certificate from ths Dutch of their carriage towards the companye of the said shippe, and that they would not lett the englishe trads theire to shews it to his merchants, when hee came home; which the Dutch refused to give him, and further he cannot deposs. To the third interrye : hee sayeth, that by the injury and wrongs, done by the Dutch, as is

And afterwards the Dutch goings abord the said shippe, they weighed her anchors and inforced her companye to depte with the said shippe out of the said river, and went downe the river with them to sea They should not trade there, and the said merchants factor (as he tould this exaidate and others of the said shipps' companye) desired a certificate from ths Dutch of their carriage towards the companye of the said shippe, and that they would not lett the englishe trads theire to shews it to his merchants, when hee came home; which the Dutch refused to give him, and further he cannot deposs. To the third interrye : hee sayeth, that by the injury and wrongs, done by the Dutch, as is

aforesaid, the voyage of the said shippe the William was quite overthrowen, and the merchants that sett her forth, have thereby susteyned losse and dammage (as this deponent beleeveth to the value of foure thousand poundes sterlinge att the least with they meighte there have gott in trade with the natives in those places, if they had bine suffered to trade, and had trucked awaye all theirs godes, accordinge to the rate as they had trucked for some small quantitis of the said goodes, before the Dutch inforced them to depte from thence as aforesaid, and further he cannott depose.

Dicto dis. 2. William fforde of Lyraehouse in the countye of Midd. marriner, aged about 36 yeares, sworne as afore said. Vol. L 10

aforesaid, the voyage of the said shippe the William was quite overthrowen, and the merchants that sett her forth, have thereby susteyned losse and dammage (as this deponent beleeveth to the value of foure thousand poundes sterlinge att the least with they meighte there have gott in trade with the natives in those places, if they had bine suffered to trade, and had trucked awaye all theirs godes, accordinge to the rate as they had trucked for some small quantitis of the said goodes, before the Dutch inforced them to depte from thence as aforesaid, and further he cannott depose.

Dicto dis. 2. William fforde of Lyraehouse in the countye of Midd. marriner, aged about 36 yeares, sworne as afore said. Vol. L 10

74 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. To the ffirst interrye : he sayeth, that in or about the moneth of November Anno domini 1632 last past the interr'^ William Clobery, David Morehead and John Delabarr of London merchants, did victuall and set forth the shippe, called the William of London (whereof William Trevore was Master) and did lade diverse goodes abord her, for a voyage to bee made by her to Hutson's river, adioyninge to Virginia and New England, within his Majesties dominions, there to trade and trucke awaye such goodes as shee carryed in her with the natives of those countryes for beaver skinnes and other furrs; the premisses he knoweth to bee true, being gunner of the said shippe the said voyage. To the second hee sayeth, that the said shippe the William arived and entred into Hutson's river in the moneth of Aprill last past, which is in the latitude of ffourtie degrees and twentye minutes or thereaboutes, and about three dayes after her arrivall there, the Dutch there inhabitinge send and commannded all her companye (excepte one boye) to come to their forte, where they stayed about twoe houres, and whilest they were there, the Governor commannded his gunner to make ready three peeces of ordnance and shott them off for the Prince of Orange and to spread the said Princes Colouers, whereupon Jacob Jacobson Elkins, the merchants factor of the said shippe, the William, commannded this deponent to goe abord the said shippe and spread her Colouers, and to shoote of theire peeces of ordnance for the honor of the Kinge of England.

To the second hee sayeth, that the said shippe the William arived and entred into Hutson's river in the moneth of Aprill last past, which is in the latitude of ffourtie degrees and twentye minutes or thereaboutes, and about three dayes after her arrivall there, the Dutch there inhabitinge send and commannded all her companye (excepte one boye) to come to their forte, where they stayed about twoe houres, and whilest they were there, the Governor commannded his gunner to make ready three peeces of ordnance and shott them off for the Prince of Orange and to spread the said Princes Colouers, whereupon Jacob Jacobson Elkins, the merchants factor of the said shippe, the William, commannded this deponent to goe abord the said shippe and spread her Colouers, and to shoote of theire peeces of ordnance for the honor of the Kinge of England. And afterwards the said shippe, goinge about three or fower and fourtie leagues higher upp in the said river, to trade a Spanishe carvell, manned with all Dutch, and a smacke followeth the said shippe; and after the said marchants factor, and this exaidate, and some other of the said shippers companye, had carryed divers goodes on shoare, and pitchte theire tent. And when the Indians or natives of those places came downe to trade with them, the Dutch did as much as they could disparidge the cloath and other comodities, that the Englishe did trucke away to the said Indians. But the said Jacob Jacobson Elkins, being very well acquainted with the said Indians, having often traded with them and speakinge theire language. The Indians were a greate deale more willinge to trade with them then with the Dutch, which the Dutch perceavinge they forbadd, and would not suffer the said Jacobson Elkins and the rest of the Companye of the said shippe the William to trade there any longer, but inforced her Companye to take theire goodes, which they had landed, to trucke awaye with the said Indians, and putt as manye of them as the shaloppe, belonging to the said shippe, would carrye abord that shalloppe, and therein so carryed them abord the said shippe, and the rest of the said goodes together with the said factor, and the rest of the said shippes Companye, which were on shoare.

The Indians were a greate deale more willinge to trade with them then with the Dutch, which the Dutch perceavinge they forbadd, and would not suffer the said Jacobson Elkins and the rest of the Companye of the said shippe the William to trade there any longer, but inforced her Companye to take theire goodes, which they had landed, to trucke awaye with the said Indians, and putt as manye of them as the shaloppe, belonging to the said shippe, would carrye abord that shalloppe, and therein so carryed them abord the said shippe, and the rest of the said goodes together with the said factor, and the rest of the said shippes Companye, which were on shoare. The Dutch carryed abord her in theire owne boate, and then weighed her anchors, and putt her under seale, and commannded the companye of the said shippe to come downe to theire lower forte. And the said Dutch smacke kepte them companye to see (as this deponent and the rest of the Englishe did conceave) that they should not trade by the waye. And hee also sayeth, that about three or foure dayes, before the Dutch carryed the Englishe and theire goodes abord theire shippe as aforesaid; this deponente beinge in a shalloppe, neere the upper forte, belonginge to the Dutch, in trade with the Indians forsome fewe beaver skinnes and other furrs. The Dutch commannded him to bee goone from thence with the saide shalloppe unto the tent, where the rest of his Companye were. Whereuppon this deponent desired a note under the hand of the Governor of the said forte, that hee was forced to depte from thence with the said shalloppe. Otherwise (he tould them) the merchants would not give him his wages. And then the said Governor sett his hand to such a note as he desired; and then the said Governor and others of his companye came into the said

The Dutch commannded him to bee goone from thence with the saide shalloppe unto the tent, where the rest of his Companye were. Whereuppon this deponent desired a note under the hand of the Governor of the said forte, that hee was forced to depte from thence with the said shalloppe. Otherwise (he tould them) the merchants would not give him his wages. And then the said Governor sett his hand to such a note as he desired; and then the said Governor and others of his companye came into the said

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS: IL 75

shalloppe, and did stecke greene bowes about ber, and carryed a trumpetter with them, and rowed the said shallopp downe to the tent, where this exaidats coinpanye were. And by the waye the said trumpett was sounded, and the Dutche drancke a bottle of strongwaters of three or fower pints, and were very merrye. And further he cannott depose, savinge he sayeth, that the Governors name of the upper forte, belonginge to the Dutch, was one Master Huntum.^ To the third he sayeth, that by reason of the wrongs and injuries, donne by the Dutch unto the conipanye of the said shippe the William, the voyage of the said shippe was quite overthrowne, and the merchants which sett her forth and freighted her, have thereby susleyned dammage to the somme of foure thousand poundes sterlinge att the leaste (as bee verily beleeveth) for that theire was a greate quantitie of beaver skinnes and other furrs to be trade for there. And the natives of those places were a greate deale more willinge to trade with the English then with the Dutch, and sayeth, that if they had bine suffered to staye and trade there, and had trucked awaye all the goodes abord the said shippe, att the rate as they had for the goodes which they had trucked awaye before, the Dutch inforced them to depart from thence.

And further he cannott depose, savinge he sayeth, that the Governors name of the upper forte, belonginge to the Dutch, was one Master Huntum.^ To the third he sayeth, that by reason of the wrongs and injuries, donne by the Dutch unto the conipanye of the said shippe the William, the voyage of the said shippe was quite overthrowne, and the merchants which sett her forth and freighted her, have thereby susleyned dammage to the somme of foure thousand poundes sterlinge att the leaste (as bee verily beleeveth) for that theire was a greate quantitie of beaver skinnes and other furrs to be trade for there. And the natives of those places were a greate deale more willinge to trade with the English then with the Dutch, and sayeth, that if they had bine suffered to staye and trade there, and had trucked awaye all the goodes abord the said shippe, att the rate as they had for the goodes which they had trucked awaye before, the Dutch inforced them to depart from thence. They could not have made lesse of the said goodes in beaver skinnes and other furrs, then to the value of four thousand poundes. And this he affirmeth uppon his oath to be true.

Dicto die.

3'^ Richard Barnard of Hull, in the countye of Yorke, marriner, aged about 24 yeares sworne as aforesaid. Tho the ffirst interrye : bee sayeth, that the shippe the William of London ( whereof William Trevore was master) was victualled and sett forth by master Cloberye, master Morehead and master Delabarr, of London merchants, and they laded diverse goods abord her for a voyage, to be made by her to Hutsons river in America, betweene Virginia and New England, within the dominions of the King of England, to trucke awaye such goodes, as shee carryed with the natives of those places for beaver skinnes, furrs and other commodities.

Tho the ffirst interrye : bee sayeth, that the shippe the William of London ( whereof William Trevore was master) was victualled and sett forth by master Cloberye, master Morehead and master Delabarr, of London merchants, and they laded diverse goods abord her for a voyage, to be made by her to Hutsons river in America, betweene Virginia and New England, within the dominions of the King of England, to trucke awaye such goodes, as shee carryed with the natives of those places for beaver skinnes, furrs and other commodities. The premisses he knoweth to be true, beinge one of the companye of the said shippe, the said voyage. To the second he sayeth, that the said shippe the William, arrived into Hutsons river, righte againste the Dutch forte there, about the latter end of Aprill or begininge of May last past (: to his nowe beste remembrance:) and after her arrivall there, the Dutch inhabitinge in the said

commannded all her companye (: except one boye:) to leave the said shippe, and to come fforte,

on shoare att the said fforte. And whilest they were there, there were three peeces of ordnance shott off from the forte, for the Prince of Orange and his Colours were spred abrod upon the Castle. And the Governor of that fforte toulde the factor and the rest of the companye of the said shippe, that they should not trade there. But the said merchants factor, named Jacob Jacobson Elkins, tould the Governor of the said fforte, that that land was the King of Englands lande, and they (: meaning the companye of the said shippe) were subiects, and therefore would trade there. And after they had stayed three dayes by the said fforte by the commannde of the Governor, they weighed their anchors and wente further into the said river, to trade and trucke awaye the godes abord the said shippe.

But the said merchants factor, named Jacob Jacobson Elkins, tould the Governor of the said fforte, that that land was the King of Englands lande, and they (: meaning the companye of the said shippe) were subiects, and therefore would trade there. And after they had stayed three dayes by the said fforte by the commannde of the Governor, they weighed their anchors and wente further into the said river, to trade and trucke awaye the godes abord the said shippe. Whereuppon the Dutch manned out three vessells after them viz* a pinnace, a carvell and a hoye, which followeth the said shippe. And after the said factor had landed a good quantitie of goodes, and had erected

Hans Jorrissen Houten, who traded to New Netherland in 1621, was Commissary or Vice-director at Fort Orange, at this time. -- Ed.

76 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. a tente, and traded with the Indians some fewe dayes; the Governor of the upper fforte, belonginge to the Dutch, cominge to the said tent with other Dutchmen with him, and perceivinge, Jacob Jacobson Eii\ins was very well aquainted with the Indians, tiiat tiie said and speake theire language very well, and was much beloved of them; and that they were a greate deale more willinge to trade with him then with the Dutch: the said Governor envied att the said merchants factor and the rest of the Englishe, and tould them, that they should not trade there any longer. But the said factor replyed, that they were the Kinge of Englands subiectes, and that that land was within the dominions of the Kinge of England. And therefore they would trade there. Whereuppon the Dutch pulled downe the said tent, and tooke all the goodes, which were in the said tent, and sente them, together with the factor and the rest of the Englishe, which were on shoare abord the said shippe the William, some in their owne boate and some in a shalloppe, belonginge to the said shippe the William.

But the said factor replyed, that they were the Kinge of Englands subiectes, and that that land was within the dominions of the Kinge of England. And therefore they would trade there. Whereuppon the Dutch pulled downe the said tent, and tooke all the goodes, which were in the said tent, and sente them, together with the factor and the rest of the Englishe, which were on shoare abord the said shippe the William, some in their owne boate and some in a shalloppe, belonginge to the said shippe the William. And then the said Dutch, goinge abord the said shippe, they weighed her anchors and commannded them to departe. And the foresaid carvell and twoe other small sloopes wente downe with them to the lower flTorte, to see that they did not trade by the waye; and further he cannott depose. To the third he sayeth, that by reason the Dutch would not suffer the Companye of the saide shippe to trade, as aforesaid, her voyage was quite overthrowne and that if the said Dutch ;

had sustened them to trade freely there, and that they had trucked awaye all the goodes, which they carried thither, att the rate that they trucked awaye the rest they mighte have had in trucke for the said goodes, which they were inforced to bringe away from thence in beaver skinnes, furrs and other commodities, to the value of foure thousand poundes Sterlinge att the leaste and this hee sayeth is true, of vertue of his oath. ;

had sustened them to trade freely there, and that they had trucked awaye all the goodes, which they carried thither, att the rate that they trucked awaye the rest they mighte have had in trucke for the said goodes, which they were inforced to bringe away from thence in beaver skinnes, furrs and other commodities, to the value of foure thousand poundes Sterlinge att the leaste and this hee sayeth is true, of vertue of his oath. ;

Dicto die.

4. Christopher Langham of Wappinge, in the countie of Middex, sayler, aged about 26 yeares, sworne as aforesaid. To the fSrst interreye : he sayeth, that master Clobery, master Morehead and master Delabarr, of London merchantes, about a fortnighte or three weekes before Christmas laste paste, did victuall and sett forth the shippe the William (whereof William Trevore was master) and did lade diverse goodes abord her, to be transported to Hutsons river, betweene Virginia and New England, within the dominions of the Kinge of England, to bee traded and trucked awaye there with the natives of those places for beaver skinnes, and other furrs the premisses ;

he knoweth to bee true, being one of the quartermasters of the said shippe, the said voyage. To the Second interroye hee sayeth, that the said shippe arrived att Munhaddons fort in :

Hutsons river uppon or about the thirteenth day of Aprill last past, where all the said shippes Companye (excepte one boye) were commannded to come on shoare att the said fforte. And after the said shippe goinge further upp in the said river to trade with the natives of those places, for beaver and furrs. This exadiate and his precontest William Fford and some others

To the Second interroye hee sayeth, that the said shippe arrived att Munhaddons fort in :

Hutsons river uppon or about the thirteenth day of Aprill last past, where all the said shippes Companye (excepte one boye) were commannded to come on shoare att the said fforte. And after the said shippe goinge further upp in the said river to trade with the natives of those places, for beaver and furrs. This exadiate and his precontest William Fford and some others

of the said shippes Companye, beinge in trade with the Indians neere fort Oramia, another fort, belonging to the Dutch. They were by the Dutch forbidden to trade there and ;

afterwards the Governor of the named Master Huntum came accompanyed with other fort,

Dutch into the Challopp, belonginge to the William, and rowed the said shallopp upp to the place, where Jacob Elkins and otlier of the said shippes companye hat pitched theire tent, and were in trade with the Indians for beaver and furrs. And as they wente up in the saide

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS : II. 77'

shallopp, they sticked greene bowes all about her, and drancke strongwaters, and sounded theire trumpett in a triumphinge manner over the Engiishe. And when they came upp to the said tent, they would not suffer the said Jacob Elkins (whoe was well knowne both to the Dutch and to the Indians) to trade there; but pulled downe a part of his tente, and inforced the said factor to send part of the goodes, which he had landed for trade, in the said shalloppe abord the said shippe the William, and the rest of the said goodes together with the said factor; and the rest of the English, which were there on shoare. The Dutch carryed in theire owne boate, abord the said shippe (and as he hath heard) did beate some of the Indians for tradinge with the Engiishe; and hee also sayeth, that the said Dutch, goinge abord the said shippe the William, weighed her anchors, and commannded her Companye to departe from thence.

And when they came upp to the said tent, they would not suffer the said Jacob Elkins (whoe was well knowne both to the Dutch and to the Indians) to trade there; but pulled downe a part of his tente, and inforced the said factor to send part of the goodes, which he had landed for trade, in the said shalloppe abord the said shippe the William, and the rest of the said goodes together with the said factor; and the rest of the English, which were there on shoare. The Dutch carryed in theire owne boate, abord the said shippe (and as he hath heard) did beate some of the Indians for tradinge with the Engiishe; and hee also sayeth, that the said Dutch, goinge abord the said shippe the William, weighed her anchors, and commannded her Companye to departe from thence. Whereuppon the Companye of the said Shippe, to keepe her from drivinge on shoare, putt her under saile, and sailed downe the said river. And the said Dutch hoye sailed downe with her. And when the said shippe came to the lower forte, the said Jacob Elkins did demande a certificate from the Governor to shewe to his merchants of the behavio"' of the Dutch towards the Engiishe but whether that ; certificate were denyed or given him, he knoweth not; and further he cannott depose. To the third hee sayeth, that the voyage of the said shippe the William was quite overthrowne by reason that the Dutch would not suffer her Companye to trade as aforesaid And the merchants that sett her forth, are thereby dampnified to the some of foure thousand poundes sterlinge att the least, as hee verily beleeveth, for (hee sayeth) if they had traded for and trucked awaye all the goodes, which shee brought from thence unto those Indians, with whome they were in trade, they mighte have gayned in trucke for the saide goodes soe much beaver and furrs as would have bine worth foure thousand poundes and upwards ; and this he affirmeth uppon his oath to bee true.

To the third hee sayeth, that the voyage of the said shippe the William was quite overthrowne by reason that the Dutch would not suffer her Companye to trade as aforesaid And the merchants that sett her forth, are thereby dampnified to the some of foure thousand poundes sterlinge att the least, as hee verily beleeveth, for (hee sayeth) if they had traded for and trucked awaye all the goodes, which shee brought from thence unto those Indians, with whome they were in trade, they mighte have gayned in trucke for the saide goodes soe much beaver and furrs as would have bine worth foure thousand poundes and upwards ; and this he affirmeth uppon his oath to bee true.

6 November 1633.

5. William Deepinge of the Parishe of S' Mary Monthawe, London barber, Chirurgeon, aged about 27 yeares, sworne before the Wor" William Merricke, doctor of lawes, surrogate to the righte wor" Sir Henry Marten, knight judge of His Majesties highe court of the Admiralltye. To the ffirste interreye : hee sayeth, that in the monethes arrived the shippe the William of London (whereof William Trevore was master) was victualled and sett forth att the charges of William Cloberye, David Morehead and John Delabarr, of London raerchantes. And there were diverse goodes, laden abord by them, to be transported in the said shippe to Hutsons river which is scituate between Virginia and New England, within his Majesties dominions, there to bee traded with and trucked awaye to the natives of those countries for beaver and other skinnes and furrs the premisses he knoweth to bee true, beinge Chirurgeon of the said ;

To the ffirste interreye : hee sayeth, that in the monethes arrived the shippe the William of London (whereof William Trevore was master) was victualled and sett forth att the charges of William Cloberye, David Morehead and John Delabarr, of London raerchantes. And there were diverse goodes, laden abord by them, to be transported in the said shippe to Hutsons river which is scituate between Virginia and New England, within his Majesties dominions, there to bee traded with and trucked awaye to the natives of those countries for beaver and other skinnes and furrs the premisses he knoweth to bee true, beinge Chirurgeon of the said ;

shippe, the said voyage. To the second interreye: he sayeth, that the said shippe arrived at the mouth of Hutsons uppon or about the twentieth day of Aprill laste paste. And when she came righte river,

againste Manhuttons fort the in said river, which fort was commannded by the Dutch, This exaidate was sente to the said fort to intreate the Governor to come abord the said shippe. But the said Governor would not goe abord, but commannded that all the companye of the said shippe should come to the said fforte; wente accordinglye, and they all (excepte one boye)

78 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. lefte theire shippe, and the Governor demannded theire merchante, wherefore they came thither.

And he replyed, that they intended to goe upp further into the river, to trade with the natives of those places, as it was lawful! for them to doe, beinge the King of Englantes subiects. But the said Governor tould the saide factor, that hee could not suffer them to passe: for (as hee sayde) it was more then he could answere to his masters att home; and therefore he would take some time to advise with his counsell about it.

And he replyed, that they intended to goe upp further into the river, to trade with the natives of those places, as it was lawful! for them to doe, beinge the King of Englantes subiects. But the said Governor tould the saide factor, that hee could not suffer them to passe: for (as hee sayde) it was more then he could answere to his masters att home; and therefore he would take some time to advise with his counsell about it. And after the companye of the said shippe had stayed before the said forte five or sixe dayes, expectinge the Governor answere, whether he would suffer them to passe upp the said river, to trade there or not; and noe answere beinge broughte they weighed theire anchors, and wente upp the river. And after they had bine in trade there by the space of tenn dayes or thereabouts, there came upp an officer from the said fforte with twoe letters from the said Governor, and that officer did commannde them in the

Governors name, to give over tradinge there, and to departe from thence. And presently thereuppon parte of the goodes, which the merchant and other of the companye had landed for to trade, were broughte abord the said shippe againe by her owne shallopp, and the saide merchants factor and the rest of the companye, which were there on shoare, and the rest of the said goodes were broughte abord her by the Dutch, in theire owne boate; and then the Dutch weighed the anchors of the said shippe the William, and broughte them abord her by the commannde of the said officer. Whereuppon her companye to keepe her from runninge on shoare, putt her under saile, and beinge forbidden to trade there, sailed downe the said river.

And presently thereuppon parte of the goodes, which the merchant and other of the companye had landed for to trade, were broughte abord the said shippe againe by her owne shallopp, and the saide merchants factor and the rest of the companye, which were there on shoare, and the rest of the said goodes were broughte abord her by the Dutch, in theire owne boate; and then the Dutch weighed the anchors of the said shippe the William, and broughte them abord her by the commannde of the said officer. Whereuppon her companye to keepe her from runninge on shoare, putt her under saile, and beinge forbidden to trade there, sailed downe the said river. And hee also sayeth that there was a note sett upp againste the gate of the cheife forte there, the effecte of which note (: as a fHemminge that belonged to that fforte tould this deponent :) was, that the Governor did thereby straightlye chardge and commannde all his people, that uppon paine of loosinge theire head and all theire wages, none of them should give any certificate to the Englishe, how they were used by the Dutch, and kepte from tradinge there: and further hee cannott depose. To the third he sayeth, that the voijage of the said shippe was overthrowne by the iniuries and wronges, done unto her Companye, in not sufferinge them to trade there; and the merchants that freighted and sett her forth, have bine thereby greatly dampnified and further ;

And hee also sayeth that there was a note sett upp againste the gate of the cheife forte there, the effecte of which note (: as a fHemminge that belonged to that fforte tould this deponent :) was, that the Governor did thereby straightlye chardge and commannde all his people, that uppon paine of loosinge theire head and all theire wages, none of them should give any certificate to the Englishe, how they were used by the Dutch, and kepte from tradinge there: and further hee cannott depose. To the third he sayeth, that the voijage of the said shippe was overthrowne by the iniuries and wronges, done unto her Companye, in not sufferinge them to trade there; and the merchants that freighted and sett her forth, have bine thereby greatly dampnified and further ;

hee cannott depose, savinge he sayeth, that whilest the said shippe was in trade in the said river, there came some Indians abord hir, which did tell this deponente (:as it was interpreted

by a fHemminge, that belonged to a dutch pinnace) that, if the said shippe the William did staye there, but one moone longer a nation, called the Maques, would come downe, and bringe with them fower thousand beaver skinnes. And another nation, called the Mahiggins, would come downe thither with three hundred skinnes more, every merchantable beaver skinne, beinge worth twentye shillinges at the leaste.

Dicto die.

John Johson of the parishe of Saint Botolphes Algate, London cittizen, and cordwayner 6.

of London, aged about 4-5 yeares, sworne before the wor"" William James, doctor of lawes, surrogate to the righte wor"" Sir Henry Marten, Knight judge of his Majesties highe court of the Admiralltye. •

And another nation, called the Mahiggins, would come downe thither with three hundred skinnes more, every merchantable beaver skinne, beinge worth twentye shillinges at the leaste.

Dicto die.

John Johson of the parishe of Saint Botolphes Algate, London cittizen, and cordwayner 6.

of London, aged about 4-5 yeares, sworne before the wor"" William James, doctor of lawes, surrogate to the righte wor"" Sir Henry Marten, Knight judge of his Majesties highe court of the Admiralltye. •

To the ftirstinterreye: he sayeth, that about a moneth before Christmas laste past, the shippe the William of London (whereof William Trevore was master) was victualled and sett forth by master Cloberye, master Delabarr and master Morehead of London merchantes, on a voyage to Plymouth in New England, there to lande some passengers, and from thence to Hutsons

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS: IL 79 river, betweene New England and Virginia, tliere to truclie awaye such goodes as shea carryed to the natives of those couutryes for beaver and other furrs; the premisses hee kaoweth to be true, beinge cooke of the said shippe, the said voyage. To the second he sayeth, that after the arrival! of the said shippe into Hutsons river, neere Manhattons forte (beinge inhabited by the Dutch ) the Governor comannded all her companye to leave their shippe, and to come uppe to the forte, where they stayed about an houre, and then returned abord theire shippe againe. And afterwards wente further upp into the river to trade, and there Jacob Jacobson Eikins, the factor of the said shippe (whoe was well knowne to the Dutch and also to the Indians) wente on shoare together with this deponente and some other of the said shippes companye, and landed diverse goodes to trucke with the Indians, and erected a tent for themselves to lodge in, and putt their goodes in, and after they had bine there in trade some fewe dayes, the Dutch came and pitched a tent there, likewise to hinder the trade of the Englishe.

And afterwards wente further upp into the river to trade, and there Jacob Jacobson Eikins, the factor of the said shippe (whoe was well knowne to the Dutch and also to the Indians) wente on shoare together with this deponente and some other of the said shippes companye, and landed diverse goodes to trucke with the Indians, and erected a tent for themselves to lodge in, and putt their goodes in, and after they had bine there in trade some fewe dayes, the Dutch came and pitched a tent there, likewise to hinder the trade of the Englishe. But yet notwithstandinge the Indians did soe well affecte the said Jacob Jacobson, that they did resorte unto him, and were more willinge to trade with him then with the Dutch which the Dutch perceavinge, there came about a dozen dutch men, with half pikes, ;

swords, musketts and pistolls, and forbade the factor, and the rest of the companye of the William, to trade there any longer; but commannded them to departe and pulled downe their tent. Whereuppon the said factor and the rest of the Englishe were inforced to give over their tradinge, and sente parte of their goodes abord theire shippe againe in theire shallopp. And the Dutch would not stayetill the returne of the said shallopp, but took de rest of the Englishe goodes out of their tent, and carryed them together with the said factor and this deponente abord their shippe in a boate, belonging to the Dutch. And afterwards the Dutch weighed the said shippes anchors, and broughte them abord her, and commannded the companye of the said shippe to departe the said river; and further hee cannott depose. To the thirth hee sayeth, that by the injuries and wronges, done by the Dutch as aforesaid, the voyage of the said shippe the William was overthrowne ; and accordinge as the companye of the said shippe, after they were putt from theire tradinge, did cast upp the remainder of the goodes abord her.

And afterwards the Dutch weighed the said shippes anchors, and broughte them abord her, and commannded the companye of the said shippe to departe the said river; and further hee cannott depose. To the thirth hee sayeth, that by the injuries and wronges, done by the Dutch as aforesaid, the voyage of the said shippe the William was overthrowne ; and accordinge as the companye of the said shippe, after they were putt from theire tradinge, did cast upp the remainder of the goodes abord her. There were soe many goodes, remayninge abord her, of her outwards landinge, as would have yeelded, if they had bine trucked ani done awaye to the Indians, att the rate, they had trucked awaye parte of her outwards ladinge in beaver and other skinnes and furrs, to the value of fower thousand poundes sterlinge. And to that some ( as hee beleeveth) the merchants that sett forth the said shippe, have bine dampnified by reason of the premisses; and that hee affirmeth uppon his oath to be true.

7 November 1633.

7. Jacob Jacobson Eikins, of Amsterdam merchant, aged about 42 yeares, sworne before the wor"" William Merricke, doctor of lawes, surrogate to the righte wor"" Sir Henry Marten, Knight judge of his Majesties highe court off the Admiralltye. To the first interreye. hee sayeth, that within the time interrogate William Clobery, David Morehead and John de la Barr, of London merchants, att their owne proper costs and chardges did freighte, victuall and sett forth the interrogate shippe, the William of London (whereof William Trevore was master) and did lade diverse goodes abord her, with intent, that she sould goe to Hutsons river in New England, within the dominions of the Kingh of England, to trade and trucke away such goodes, as she carryed to the natives of those countries, for beaver skinnes and other skinnes and furrs; the premisses hee knoweth to bee true, for that hee was factor for the said merchants in that voyage.

To the first interreye. hee sayeth, that within the time interrogate William Clobery, David Morehead and John de la Barr, of London merchants, att their owne proper costs and chardges did freighte, victuall and sett forth the interrogate shippe, the William of London (whereof William Trevore was master) and did lade diverse goodes abord her, with intent, that she sould goe to Hutsons river in New England, within the dominions of the Kingh of England, to trade and trucke away such goodes, as she carryed to the natives of those countries, for beaver skinnes and other skinnes and furrs; the premisses hee knoweth to bee true, for that hee was factor for the said merchants in that voyage.

80 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. To the second hee sayeth, that the said shippe, the William arrived att the forte, called Manhatton, als Amsterdam, in the said Hutsons river, uppon the twelvth daye of Aprill, last past ; and sayeth, that the entrance of the said river is in the latitude of fourtie degrees and a halfe or thereaboutes, and in longitude aboud one and fortie degrees and a halfe. And after theire arrival! neere that forte, this deponente sente the Chirurgeon of the said shippe on shoare to the said forte, to intreate the Governor to come abord the said shippe the William. Where uppon the said Governor bad the chirurgeon to comannde the master of the said shippe and this axiadate beinge the factor to come on shoare to the fort, and to aske them, if ;

To the second hee sayeth, that the said shippe, the William arrived att the forte, called Manhatton, als Amsterdam, in the said Hutsons river, uppon the twelvth daye of Aprill, last past ; and sayeth, that the entrance of the said river is in the latitude of fourtie degrees and a halfe or thereaboutes, and in longitude aboud one and fortie degrees and a halfe. And after theire arrival! neere that forte, this deponente sente the Chirurgeon of the said shippe on shoare to the said forte, to intreate the Governor to come abord the said shippe the William. Where uppon the said Governor bad the chirurgeon to comannde the master of the said shippe and this axiadate beinge the factor to come on shoare to the fort, and to aske them, if ;

they did knowe the Prince of Orange. And thereuppon this deponente vfith the chirurgeon and gunner of the said shippe went on shoare to the fort, where the said Governor and others were sittinge in counsell together. And the said Governor demannded his deponente, wherefore hee was come thither, and what his business was. And this deponente replyed to trade with :

the natives there, as hee had formerly done, for beaver and otter skinnes, and other skinnes and furrs. And then the said Governor asked hira for his Commission, whereunto this deponente answered, that he was not bound to shewe it, for that he was then within the King of Englands dominions, and for that he was a servante to the subiectes of the said Kinge; and desired of them to see what Commission they had, to plante there, within the King of Englands dominions. And the said Governor replyed, that he had conferred with his counsell, and that hee found it not fittinge, that they should passe upp the said river for that that whole countrye did (as he said) belonge to the Prince of Orange, and not to the Kinge of England.

And then the said Governor asked hira for his Commission, whereunto this deponente answered, that he was not bound to shewe it, for that he was then within the King of Englands dominions, and for that he was a servante to the subiectes of the said Kinge; and desired of them to see what Commission they had, to plante there, within the King of Englands dominions. And the said Governor replyed, that he had conferred with his counsell, and that hee found it not fittinge, that they should passe upp the said river for that that whole countrye did (as he said) belonge to the Prince of Orange, and not to the Kinge of England. And after the said shippe had stayed there Cve dayes before the said forte, this deponente wente to the forte, to speake with the Governor, to see if hee

would suffer them in a friendly manner to passe up the said river and he tould the said ;

Governor, if he would not give him his good will soe to doe, hee would goe upp the said river without it, although it cost him his life. Whereuppon the Governor commannded all the companye of the said shippe to come on shoare. And in the presence of them all, the said Governor commannded, that the Prince of Orange his flagge should bee putt upp in the forte, and three peeces of ordnance to bee shott off for the honor of the said Prince. And then this deponente comannjed the gunner of the said shippe the William, to goe abord and putt

Governor, if he would not give him his good will soe to doe, hee would goe upp the said river without it, although it cost him his life. Whereuppon the Governor commannded all the companye of the said shippe to come on shoare. And in the presence of them all, the said Governor commannded, that the Prince of Orange his flagge should bee putt upp in the forte, and three peeces of ordnance to bee shott off for the honor of the said Prince. And then this deponente comannjed the gunner of the said shippe the William, to goe abord and putt

upp the englishe flagge, and to shoote of three peeces of ordnance for the honor of the King of England. And then the said Governor badd this deponente, take heede, that it did not cost him his necke, or his (:the said Governors). And after the premisses this deponente and the companye of the William wente upp the said river to trade, and comminge neere the fort, called Orange, the Governor of that forte would not suffer theire shallopp to come to the shoare, to trade there. Whereuppon this deponente wente a mile belowe that forte, and there sett upp a tent, and carryed all theire goodes on shoare, and was in trade with the Salvages. And the Dutch sett upp a tent by the said englishe tent, to hinder theire trade as .much as they could. But this deponente beinge well acquainted with the Salvages (havinge heretofore lived foure yeare with them) them all came to trade with him and after he hath bine there ;

Whereuppon this deponente wente a mile belowe that forte, and there sett upp a tent, and carryed all theire goodes on shoare, and was in trade with the Salvages. And the Dutch sett upp a tent by the said englishe tent, to hinder theire trade as .much as they could. But this deponente beinge well acquainted with the Salvages (havinge heretofore lived foure yeare with them) them all came to trade with him and after he hath bine there ;

in trade about fourteene dayes, there came upp a pinnace from the lower fort, manned with the souldiers and seamen, to drive this exaidate and companye from tradinge there. And before the comminge of that pinnace, there were twoe other pinnace, lyinge neere the said shippe the William, to hinder her trade. And then there came souldiers from both the saide dutch forts with musketts, halfe pikes, swords and other weapons, and beate some Indians, which came to trade with this deponente, and commannded this exaidate and companye to

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS: II. 81 dep.irte from thence, sayinge that that land was theirs, they havinge boughte it of the Salvages. And then the Dutch pulled downe the tente of the Englishe, and sente theire goodes abord, some in a shalloppe, belonginge to the William, and some in a bonte, belonginge to the Dutch; and then the Dutch weighed the anchors of the William, and carryed them abord her. And afterwardes the said shippe goinge downe the said river againe, when she came to Manhatlon fort, this deponente beinge there on shoare. The Governor commannded him to sende all the beaver and other skinnes on shoare to the fort, which this deponente and companye had gott in trucks with the Salvages; which this deponente refusinge to doe, the Governor then demannded a particular of all the skinnes that were abord the said shippe.

And then the Dutch pulled downe the tente of the Englishe, and sente theire goodes abord, some in a shalloppe, belonginge to the William, and some in a bonte, belonginge to the Dutch; and then the Dutch weighed the anchors of the William, and carryed them abord her. And afterwardes the said shippe goinge downe the said river againe, when she came to Manhatlon fort, this deponente beinge there on shoare. The Governor commannded him to sende all the beaver and other skinnes on shoare to the fort, which this deponente and companye had gott in trucks with the Salvages; which this deponente refusinge to doe, the Governor then demannded a particular of all the skinnes that were abord the said shippe. Which particuler this deponent gave him ; and he also sayeth, that hee this deponente demannded a certificate for certeyne Hollanders, inhabitinge neere the said fort, of the hehavio' of the Dutch towards the Englishe, and howe they had putt them from theire trade, as aforesaid. Which certificate was denyed him ; and the Governor caused a writinge, to be sett uppon the gate of that forte, thereby forbiddinge all his people uppon payne of death, to give any certificate to him or any of the Englishe, howe and in what manner they were used by the Dutch. And he also sayeth, that the names of some of the Dutch, which were principal! actors in doinge of the wronges and iniuries aforesaid were as followeth, viz' Walter Vertrill,i Governor of Amsterdam ffort, ;

Which certificate was denyed him ; and the Governor caused a writinge, to be sett uppon the gate of that forte, thereby forbiddinge all his people uppon payne of death, to give any certificate to him or any of the Englishe, howe and in what manner they were used by the Dutch. And he also sayeth, that the names of some of the Dutch, which were principal! actors in doinge of the wronges and iniuries aforesaid were as followeth, viz' Walter Vertrill,i Governor of Amsterdam ffort, ;

John van Remont,his Secretaiyr, Martyn Garetson, Courade Noteman^ Ahuddus,^ and Captaine Jacob Johnson Hesse, Counsellors of the said (Governor, and Hance Jorison Houten, Governor of the ft'ort of Orange and further hee cannott depose. ;

To the third interreye: hee sayeth, that the voyage of the said shippe the William was overthrowne by the parties before mentioned, in not sufFeringe her companye to trade there, as aforesaid. And that there were soe nianye goodes, remayninge abord the said shippe, of her outwards ladinge ; when they were putt from theire trade, as would have purchased in trucke with the said Salvages (:att the rate as the rest of her goodes, which were trucked awaye, were alone awaye ) five thousand beaver skinnes. And that hee is certeyne, hee should :

have had trucke for all the remainder of the said goodes, if the Dutch had suffered them to trade there; for that there are in the said river usually fifteene or sixteene thousand beaver skinnes yearly traded lor; and for that the Salvages would not trade with the Dutch, as longe as this deponente was there. But did all resorte unto him ; and for the reasons aforesaid, hee sayeth that the said master Clobery, master Morehead and master Delabarr, the merchants that sett forth the said shippe, have bine dampnified by the wronges and injuries, done by the Dutch, as is aforesaid, to the value of ffive thousand pounds sterlinge att the least.

have had trucke for all the remainder of the said goodes, if the Dutch had suffered them to trade there; for that there are in the said river usually fifteene or sixteene thousand beaver skinnes yearly traded lor; and for that the Salvages would not trade with the Dutch, as longe as this deponente was there. But did all resorte unto him ; and for the reasons aforesaid, hee sayeth that the said master Clobery, master Morehead and master Delabarr, the merchants that sett forth the said shippe, have bine dampnified by the wronges and injuries, done by the Dutch, as is aforesaid, to the value of ffive thousand pounds sterlinge att the least. And this hee affirmeth uppon his oath to be true.

' Wouter van Twiller. ' Notelman. ' Andreas Hudde. He came to New Netherland in 1629, and after serving the government in various capacities for thirtyfour years, died 4th November, 1663, at Appoquinimy, in the present State of Delaware, on his way to Maryland. -- Ed.

Vol. I.

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82 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS.

Resolution of the States General referring tlie preceding Documents.

[ From Ihe Eesister of Resolutions of the States General, in tlie Koyal Arcbives al llie Hague. ]

Tuesday, 13 June, 1634. Folio 493. Received a letter from Mr. Joachimi, written at London on the 27"' May last, Messrs. Joachimi andBrasser. also a letter from the same and Mr. Brasser, written conjointly, as aforesaid, the 3'' instant, and besides the said letters, divers appendices containing matters for reflection

Resolution of the States General referring tlie preceding Documents.

[ From Ihe Eesister of Resolutions of the States General, in tlie Koyal Arcbives al llie Hague. ]

Tuesday, 13 June, 1634. Folio 493. Received a letter from Mr. Joachimi, written at London on the 27"' May last, Messrs. Joachimi andBrasser. also a letter from the same and Mr. Brasser, written conjointly, as aforesaid, the 3'' instant, and besides the said letters, divers appendices containing matters for reflection

wliich, being considered, it is resolved and concluded, that both the aforesaid letters, with the appendices, be placed in the hands of the Mr. Vosbergen, to extract therefrom the points on which resolution is required.

Resolution of ihe States General changing some of the Members of the Committee on the differences between the Company and ihe Patroons.

[ From the Eegister of Eeaoliitions of the Stales General, in the Eoyal ArchiTes at the Hague. ]

Thursday, IS"- June, 1634. F.,iio499. After deliberation, it is hereby resolved and concluded to substitute Mr. Beaumont in place of Mr. de Knuyt, and Mr. Staackmans in place of Mr. Lecklama, in consequence of the absence of both of them ; and that, for the purpose of aiding in the despatch of business, the other, their High Mightinesses' deputies iu the matter in difference West iniiia Company between the Directors of the West India Company on the one part, and the 15* °' Patroons, planters of New Netherland, on the other side. New J''1"'T J Netherland. r '

Beaumont in place of Mr. de Knuyt, and Mr. Staackmans in place of Mr. Lecklama, in consequence of the absence of both of them ; and that, for the purpose of aiding in the despatch of business, the other, their High Mightinesses' deputies iu the matter in difference West iniiia Company between the Directors of the West India Company on the one part, and the 15* °' Patroons, planters of New Netherland, on the other side. New J''1"'T J Netherland. r '

Ttesolution of the States General on the Report on Mr. JoachimiUs last Despatch.

[From the Eegister of Eesolutions of the States General, in the Eoyal Archives at the Hague.]

Tuesday, 20"' June, 1634. Foiiosie. jyjj.. Vosbergen reported that he hath, in virtue of their High Mightinesses' Joachim.. resolution of the 13"' instant, examined a certain letter from Mr. Joachimi, written in London on the 27* May last, and found that the said letter sets forth, among other

Injured Englishmen thiugs, that Mess"'' William Clobery, David Morehead and John de la Barre, in New Nanerianj. njgrchants at Loudon aforesaid, having fitted out a ship to trade in Hudson's river (as they call it) were prevented trading there and thereabout, by the officers of the

Wf8t India Com- Wcst India Company of this country, whereby they maintain to have been '"'°^' injured ; claiming damages for their loss. Which being taken into consideration.

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS : IL 83 it is resolved and concluded, that this matter shall, by extract hereof, be communicated to the present Directors, deputies o( the aforesaid Company, in order that they cause information to be taken as to the true merits of this case, and instruct the said Mr. Joachimi accordingly, that he may know how to comport himself In the premises.

Wf8t India Com- Wcst India Company of this country, whereby they maintain to have been '"'°^' injured ; claiming damages for their loss. Which being taken into consideration.

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS : IL 83 it is resolved and concluded, that this matter shall, by extract hereof, be communicated to the present Directors, deputies o( the aforesaid Company, in order that they cause information to be taken as to the true merits of this case, and instruct the said Mr. Joachimi accordingly, that he may know how to comport himself In the premises.

Resolution of the States General respecting the Committee on the differences between the Company and the Patroons.

[From the Register of Kesolutions of the States General, in the Royal Archives at the Hague.]

Wednesday, 21" June, 1634. Folio 518. After deliberation, it is hereby resolved and concluded, to substitute Mr. Huygens, in Arnhem, (absent) to assist the other, their High Mightinesses' place of Mr. deputies, in investigating the questions and differences which have arisen between the Patroons, planters, on the one part, and the West India Company on the other; and further, to proceed according to the original Commission.

Patroons of New Netherland to the States General. June, 1634.

[From the Original, in the Royal Archives at the Hague, in the Loketkasof the States General; Division Wfst IndUche Compagnie. Loket K., Letter L., No. 6 part 5 of Bundle entitled " Stuklten raltende den Vryen handel op en in de Brazils. Ao 163S." ; ]

High and Mighty Lords. Whereas, in pursuance of the resolution dated 27th March, 1634, adopted at the Assembly of the XIX., and the petition presented to your High Mightinesses and posliled {graixisiillecrt), the Patroons of New Netherland are, by their High Mightinesses' letters dated 13th May following, cited to appear at the Hague; the Patroons have deemed it expedient to submit to your High MiglUinesses: That your High Mightinesses, by Charter dated 3d June, 1621, granted to all inhabitants,

Whereas, in pursuance of the resolution dated 27th March, 1634, adopted at the Assembly of the XIX., and the petition presented to your High Mightinesses and posliled {graixisiillecrt), the Patroons of New Netherland are, by their High Mightinesses' letters dated 13th May following, cited to appear at the Hague; the Patroons have deemed it expedient to submit to your High MiglUinesses: That your High Mightinesses, by Charter dated 3d June, 1621, granted to all inhabitants,

stockholders in the within named Company exclusively, the navigation, peopling and trade to the West Indies, within the limits therein described, investing XIX. persons with the entire management thereof; expressly stipulating, that your High Mightinesses, on being required to prosecute the infraction and contravention of such public resolutions, shall cause the same to be repaired and maintained. But the principal having solicited your High Mightinesses for further stockholders satisfaction, your High Mightinesses, by amplification, agreed and approved that the first two vacancies in the Board of Directors at Amsterdam and Zealand item, the first in the ;

Maese Chamber, should successively be supplied by the principal stockholders of the respective

;

84 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. Chambers, leaving them to protect whatever regarded lliem and their right, both in the Assembly of the XIX. and in tiie aforesaid Chambers. The Company, reduced to this firm order and government, took specially to heart your High Mightinesses' motives contained in the last part of the second capital article of the Charter, containing two subjects namely, contracting and forming alliances with princes and ;

Maese Chamber, should successively be supplied by the principal stockholders of the respective

;

84 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. Chambers, leaving them to protect whatever regarded lliem and their right, both in the Assembly of the XIX. and in tiie aforesaid Chambers. The Company, reduced to this firm order and government, took specially to heart your High Mightinesses' motives contained in the last part of the second capital article of the Charter, containing two subjects namely, contracting and forming alliances with princes and ;

natives of the countries within their limits, or promoting the population of productive and uninhabited regions. E.xperience has shown that the prudent management of the Company did not attend the attempts to carry this out in divers quarters, both on the Wild coast and in New Nelheriand the conduct of the people was not regulated; the expenses were excessively high, and the want of success beyond expectation. The accounts having been frequently reviewed at the Assembly of the XIX.; the supfilies requisite for the planting having been compared with the returns received from the Colonies, it was finally decreed and enacted, at the Assembly of the XiX., on the 10"" March, 162S, in the presence of your High Mightinesses' deputies, the Directors delegated by the respective Chambers, the Directors and assessors from the principal stockholders, for the behoof of ail the stockholders in the said Company, by virtue of the Charter, to draw up Freedoms and Exemptions, for the benefit of the General West India Company, and advantage of the Patroons, masters and private persons. 2(i February, 1629. Commissioners reported to the Assembly of the XIX., and it was resolved to make an Order, resuming the draft of the planters, at the next ensuing meeting; to consider the proposals of certain respectable principal stockholders, to draw out the differenlial points and refer them to the Chambers.

The accounts having been frequently reviewed at the Assembly of the XIX.; the supfilies requisite for the planting having been compared with the returns received from the Colonies, it was finally decreed and enacted, at the Assembly of the XiX., on the 10"" March, 162S, in the presence of your High Mightinesses' deputies, the Directors delegated by the respective Chambers, the Directors and assessors from the principal stockholders, for the behoof of ail the stockholders in the said Company, by virtue of the Charter, to draw up Freedoms and Exemptions, for the benefit of the General West India Company, and advantage of the Patroons, masters and private persons. 2(i February, 1629. Commissioners reported to the Assembly of the XIX., and it was resolved to make an Order, resuming the draft of the planters, at the next ensuing meeting; to consider the proposals of certain respectable principal stockholders, to draw out the differenlial points and refer them to the Chambers.

IS April, 1629. Points of Reference were circulated; in article 2 of which, the respective Chambers were requested to appear fully instructed to conclude whether the articles of Freedoms and Exemptions submitted at various preceding Assemblies, with the annexed new articles, demanded by divers principal stockholders, might be amplified and amended according

to circumstances. 29 May, 1629. Commissioners are named, on resuming the Order in regard to Planters, to submit the draft to the x\ssembly of the XIX. 7 June, 1629.The Freedoms are enacted in terms as hereunto annexed. Whereupon some Directors of the before named Company, in addition to the great interest they possessed with their next friends in the said Company, (who imported [to the value of] more than two tons of gold;) anim.ited with new zeal to carry out their High Mightinesses' intention, and hoping in consequence for God's blessing, preceded all the other stockholders by way of a good example, saving the aforesaid Company from expenses, troubles and heavy charges, and further involved themselves by undertaking divers Patroonships, the expenses whereof, incurred and laid out to this day, amount to not far from one ton of gold, cash down, and are yearly taxed, in addition, with at least 45 thousand guilders for the support of three of their Patroonships.

Whereupon some Directors of the before named Company, in addition to the great interest they possessed with their next friends in the said Company, (who imported [to the value of] more than two tons of gold;) anim.ited with new zeal to carry out their High Mightinesses' intention, and hoping in consequence for God's blessing, preceded all the other stockholders by way of a good example, saving the aforesaid Company from expenses, troubles and heavy charges, and further involved themselves by undertaking divers Patroonships, the expenses whereof, incurred and laid out to this day, amount to not far from one ton of gold, cash down, and are yearly taxed, in addition, with at least 45 thousand guilders for the support of three of their Patroonships. The Patroons proceeding on daily, notwithstanding, bought and paid for not only the grounds belonging to the chiefs and natives of the lands in New Netherland, but also their rights of sovereignty (Jura Mujestatis) and such others as they exercised within the limits of the Patroons' purchased territories. So that on the 2S"' November, 1630, were read at the Assembly of the Directors, the deeds of conveyance of the lands and jurisdictions purchased from the Saccimaes, the Lords of the

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS: IL 85 Country, executed for the behoof of the Patroons, their successors; and the new proprietors were accordingly thereupon congratulated. On the 2'' December, in tlie year aforesaid, the patents sent to the Patroons from New Netherland were in like manner also again read, recorded in the Company's Register, ordered by the Assembly to be ensealed with the seal of New Netherland the Patroons were again ;

So that on the 2S"' November, 1630, were read at the Assembly of the Directors, the deeds of conveyance of the lands and jurisdictions purchased from the Saccimaes, the Lords of the

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS: IL 85 Country, executed for the behoof of the Patroons, their successors; and the new proprietors were accordingly thereupon congratulated. On the 2'' December, in tlie year aforesaid, the patents sent to the Patroons from New Netherland were in like manner also again read, recorded in the Company's Register, ordered by the Assembly to be ensealed with the seal of New Netherland the Patroons were again ;

congratulated and handed their patents. IG"* ditto. The Patroons, on resolution of the Assembly, delivered to the Company's counsel, a perfect list of their undertaken patroonships. 8"" January, 1G31. The Patroons' Colonies were ex supra abundanti confirmed, on submitting the question to the Assembly of the XIX., holden in Zealand. Confiding fully in the before related acts and solemnities, the Patroons would never have incurred any expense, had they ever imagined that the Freedoms and Exemptions, which were a mutual contract of profit and loss, agreed to by their High Mightinesses' Deputies, the Directors of the respective Chambers, the Directors and Assessors of the principal Stockholders, and accepted and entered on by the respective Patroons in all sincerity, would have been at any time questioned and pulled to pieces; but, on the contrary, they supposed and felt assured, that their High Mightinesses would, in course of time, maintain the Patroons, and, if necessary, when requested, provide them with greater privileges, as a reward for their exceeding zeal, in enlarging the boundaries of these countries and in consideration of the heavy outlays and perilous dangers which their people and property must experience, and have already sustained, both on land and water.

Confiding fully in the before related acts and solemnities, the Patroons would never have incurred any expense, had they ever imagined that the Freedoms and Exemptions, which were a mutual contract of profit and loss, agreed to by their High Mightinesses' Deputies, the Directors of the respective Chambers, the Directors and Assessors of the principal Stockholders, and accepted and entered on by the respective Patroons in all sincerity, would have been at any time questioned and pulled to pieces; but, on the contrary, they supposed and felt assured, that their High Mightinesses would, in course of time, maintain the Patroons, and, if necessary, when requested, provide them with greater privileges, as a reward for their exceeding zeal, in enlarging the boundaries of these countries and in consideration of the heavy outlays and perilous dangers which their people and property must experience, and have already sustained, both on land and water. But, alas! your High Mightinesses will remark what damage the change of persons and the unsteadiness of humors have brought on this praiseworthy Company and the good Patroons. The manifold occupations relating to the planting of Colonies, the articles of Exemptions and Freedoms, drawn up A" 1628; revised, enlarged and accepted by the Patroons in 1629; who, A° 1630, were congratulated thereupon; A° 1631, ex superabundanti confirmed, are secretly undermined on the 30"" October, 1631, when new articles were proposed, thereby the previous Freedoms and Exemptions were no longer obtainable the Patroons particularly ;

commanded to perform things which experience taught them were impracticable: Yea, all the Exemptions were drawn into dispute. 2S May, 1632. Some of the principal stockholders suggested to them to bring in gravamina against the amended freedoms. 1 June, 1632, is drawn up and enacted a certain placard, purporting, as it appears, to be in favor of the Patroons, against private individuals carrying on the prohibited trade in peltries in New Netherland ; according to the copy hereunto annexed.

commanded to perform things which experience taught them were impracticable: Yea, all the Exemptions were drawn into dispute. 2S May, 1632. Some of the principal stockholders suggested to them to bring in gravamina against the amended freedoms. 1 June, 1632, is drawn up and enacted a certain placard, purporting, as it appears, to be in favor of the Patroons, against private individuals carrying on the prohibited trade in peltries in New Netherland ; according to the copy hereunto annexed. But, converted, through evil council, by resolution of the IS'*" November, 1632, to the injury and prejudice of the Patroons, whereby the Exemptions and Freedoms, so solemnly enacted on the ?" June, 1629, on which the patroonships were registered, are, it is particularly to be remarked, disavowed. And, in order to deprive the Patroons altogether of the trade, the Director in New Netherland was ordered to appoint commissaries and assistants in all the patroonships, to affix the placard and in no wise to suffer any of the Patroons to interfere in the fur trade.

The Director had no sooner arrived in New Netherland, than he proceeded against the Patroons pursuant to the orders given him.

86 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. Whereupon the Patroons were under the necessity of submitting their grievances to

the Assembly of the XIX., and it was mutually agreed to refer all differences arising therefrom, to their High Mightinesses' decision. The Patroons have accordingly handed in, at the request of the committee of the Directors, the following points of their pretensions and well founded claim.

The Director had no sooner arrived in New Netherland, than he proceeded against the Patroons pursuant to the orders given him.

86 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. Whereupon the Patroons were under the necessity of submitting their grievances to

the Assembly of the XIX., and it was mutually agreed to refer all differences arising therefrom, to their High Mightinesses' decision. The Patroons have accordingly handed in, at the request of the committee of the Directors, the following points of their pretensions and well founded claim.

Pretension and Claim of the Patroons of New Netherland, delivered to their High Mightinesses' Deputies on the IG"" June, 1634, against the Directors the Incorporated West India Company.

1.

That the Freedoms and Exemptions promised and granted to the Patroons and their people within the limits of New Netherland and the dependencies thereof, must be truly maintained and observed by the Incorporated West India Company, according to their tenor and contents; and are to be holden as a mutual contract, binding on both sides, whereby the Patroons were invited to send their people and goods thither; in consequence whereof, they claim to enjoy inviolate, the privileges contained therein.

That the Company having up to the 19"^ December, 1633, repeatedly called in question the conceded Freedoms, are bound to make good the manifest damages caused thereby to

the Patroons.

3.

That in the Exemptions and Freedoms, mention only was made of the property of those lands of which the Company could, by virtue of its charter, dispose; and such extension is considered as referring alone to the fertile and uninhabited lands, or lands on which settlements were found of particular Indians, having no chief, whom the Patroons were bound to satisfy for the soil : In addition to these, within the limits and extensions of the purchased patroonships, exist Lordships having their own rights and jurisdictions, which the chiefs of said nations have ceded to the Patroons, exclusive of the proprietorship of the soil, as can be seen by their deeds of concession and conveyance.

That in the Exemptions and Freedoms, mention only was made of the property of those lands of which the Company could, by virtue of its charter, dispose; and such extension is considered as referring alone to the fertile and uninhabited lands, or lands on which settlements were found of particular Indians, having no chief, whom the Patroons were bound to satisfy for the soil : In addition to these, within the limits and extensions of the purchased patroonships, exist Lordships having their own rights and jurisdictions, which the chiefs of said nations have ceded to the Patroons, exclusive of the proprietorship of the soil, as can be seen by their deeds of concession and conveyance. The Patroons maintain that such prerogatives and advantages in that country, belong absolutely to them ; and that the Company hath no more power over the Patroons, as purchasers of such lands, than it had over the lords Sachems, the sellers, inasmuch as their High Mightinesses' intention by the charter notoriously was, not to abridge any person in what is his, and consequently cannot be burdened with the Venia testandi, justice and police which are repugnant to the right already acquired by the Patroons.

4.

That under the term goods, mentioned in Articles X., XIII. XXVI., must necessarily be ,

understood such merchandise, without which the permitted trade along the coast of Florida and Newfoundland, cannot be carried on, nor the soil of the Patroonships paid for. Item, shoes and stockings and other necessaries of the people, not in use among the natives of the country, ought to be among the indispensable articles for agriculture, of use only to the tenants of the Patroons; every description of which the Company has promised to convey over for nothing.

understood such merchandise, without which the permitted trade along the coast of Florida and Newfoundland, cannot be carried on, nor the soil of the Patroonships paid for. Item, shoes and stockings and other necessaries of the people, not in use among the natives of the country, ought to be among the indispensable articles for agriculture, of use only to the tenants of the Patroons; every description of which the Company has promised to convey over for nothing.

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS : II. 87

That the Company not having ships, or room in their ships, for the use of the Patroons, cannot, conformably to tlie Xl"" Article, refuse or any longer withhold their written consent from the Patroons, officially demanding the same, whereby tiie latter would lose the season and voyage, from which the ruin of the Colonies, or at least great loss, would follow.

That all places in New Netherland, the island of Manhattan excepted, are, by the XIl"" Article, free for the plantation of Colonies.

That the Patroons may sail from the coast of Florida to Newfoundland, paying 5 per centum recognition; therefore the Patroons cannot be prevented sending ships or yachts, with all sorts of goods to New Netherland, without which the aforesaid coasts cannot be frequented, nor prizes taken from the enemy. Art. XIIL, XIV., XVL, XXIU.

Whereas the Company, Art. XV., first absolutely, and afterwards by restriction, reserved the fur trade every where on the coast of New Netherland and tiie places circumjacent thereto, the Patroons say, that the inland trade, together with the territories of the patroonships, is not included therein; and, therefore, that the Patroons are not obligated to pay, within their limits, one guilder on each merchantable skin. Item, that the Patroons, on payment of one guilder for each merchantable beaver or otter skin, may procure in trade for goods obtained there, all sorts of furs, outside their Colonies, and every where about the coasts of New Netherland, and the places circumjacent thereto, where the Company had no commissaries at the time of granting the Freedoms.

XV., first absolutely, and afterwards by restriction, reserved the fur trade every where on the coast of New Netherland and tiie places circumjacent thereto, the Patroons say, that the inland trade, together with the territories of the patroonships, is not included therein; and, therefore, that the Patroons are not obligated to pay, within their limits, one guilder on each merchantable skin. Item, that the Patroons, on payment of one guilder for each merchantable beaver or otter skin, may procure in trade for goods obtained there, all sorts of furs, outside their Colonies, and every where about the coasts of New Netherland, and the places circumjacent thereto, where the Company had no commissaries at the time of granting the Freedoms. Item; Wampum being, in a manner, the currency of the country, with which the produce of the interior is paid for, must be considered as obtained goods, being the representative thereof.

0.

That the Company, pursuant to the tenor of Art. X. and XVL, is obliged here, and by its servants in New Netherland, to give seasonable notice to the Patroons and their commissaries, when requested, of the places which remain vacant in its ships, in order that they may regulate themselves in regard to their people, goods, cattle and implements; and having accommodation in their ships, it is not at liberty to refuse the Patroons the freighting thereof, nor charge more than the allowed freight.

10.

That the appeals to the Director and Council, reserved in civil actions of fifty guilders and upwards, do not prejudice in the least the higher jurisdictions and other privileges of the Patroons.

X. and XVL, is obliged here, and by its servants in New Netherland, to give seasonable notice to the Patroons and their commissaries, when requested, of the places which remain vacant in its ships, in order that they may regulate themselves in regard to their people, goods, cattle and implements; and having accommodation in their ships, it is not at liberty to refuse the Patroons the freighting thereof, nor charge more than the allowed freight.

10.

That the appeals to the Director and Council, reserved in civil actions of fifty guilders and upwards, do not prejudice in the least the higher jurisdictions and other privileges of the Patroons.

11. • Whereas the Company, Art. XXV., hath promised to take all Colonists of New Netherland into its safe keeping, to assist in defending them, as well as possible, against all internal and foreign wars and violence, with the power it may have there; the Company, or its servants.

88 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. failing so to do, are bound to make good the damage which the Patroons' people, cattle and

goods there, have thereby suflTered and still sufler.

12.

That the Freedoms and Exemptions, are permanent for all partners, without the Company having the power to infringe or restrict them, to the prejudice of the Patroons.

13.

That the expenses of traveling, consultations, fees &c., incurred or to be incurred by the Patroons, for the maintenance and justification of the Freedoms and Exemptions, for the service of the Company and advantage of all partners, ought to be defrayed by the Incorporated West India Company.

That the Freedoms and Exemptions, are permanent for all partners, without the Company having the power to infringe or restrict them, to the prejudice of the Patroons.

13.

That the expenses of traveling, consultations, fees &c., incurred or to be incurred by the Patroons, for the maintenance and justification of the Freedoms and Exemptions, for the service of the Company and advantage of all partners, ought to be defrayed by the Incorporated West India Company.

14.

That the Company cannot affix, in the Patroons' Colonies, without their knowledge, and against their will, placards excluding every one from the entire fur trade, nor introduce Commissaries there to trade; nor constrain the Patroons' inhabitants, by an oath drawn up for that purpose, not to trade in peltries, wampum or maize.

15.

That the Patroons' Officers and Magistrates in New Netherland may oppose themselves thereto; and should the Company, at any time, enter by force of arms, and affix such placards, the Patroons' courts are at liberty to tear down the affixed placards, as being contrary to their freedoms. And on the Patroons' Superior Officers being arrested therefor, which we protest against, should ever be adjudged that their Patroons have lost the granted Freedoms, such it

proceedings shall be declared null and void; the Company charged in future to abstain from such practices, and to make good the damage caused thereby.

16.

Finally, in case the Company seek, by direct or indirect means, to induce the Patroons to abandon their Colonies, it shall be declared bound to make good all incurred costs and

And on the Patroons' Superior Officers being arrested therefor, which we protest against, should ever be adjudged that their Patroons have lost the granted Freedoms, such it

proceedings shall be declared null and void; the Company charged in future to abstain from such practices, and to make good the damage caused thereby.

16.

Finally, in case the Company seek, by direct or indirect means, to induce the Patroons to abandon their Colonies, it shall be declared bound to make good all incurred costs and

damages vi'liich the Patroons, for causes aforementioned, should happen to experience or have experienced. (Signed), M. Paauw. S. Blommaert. KiLiAEN Van Rensselaer. Hendkick Hamel.

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS : U.

Answer of the West India Company to the Patroons. [ From the Original in the Koyal ArchiTcs at Ihe Hagne Lok-etkm of the States General, Division West Tndische Compagnie ; Loket K., Letter L., ;

No. 6, part 5 of tlie Bundle, entitled " Stukken rakende den Vryen handel oh en in de Brazils. Ao. 1638." ]

Answer of the West India Company to, and against tlie Pretension and Claim of Michael Paauw, Kiliaen Van Renselaar and Samuel Biommaert, Patroons in New Netherland, handed in and delivered to tlieir High Mightinesses' Deputies.

The Directors of the West India Company say, that heretofore eachPatroon of the Colonies in New Netherland, hath given in his separate remonstrance to the Assembly of the Nineteen, with request that the aforesaid Assembly dispose thereof; it can therefrom be seen that the pretensions of the aforesaid Patroons ditfer, and are even erected on different foundations, so that they cannot be well, nor speedily nor regularly arranged, much less treated of, in one suit in the name of all the Patroons. The Directors aforenamed, therefore, maintain that each of the said Patroons shall be bound to institute his suit separately, with vouchers, and therein what he hath, both in general and in particular, against the Company, and afterwards set forth draw pertinent conclusion.

The Directors of the West India Company say, that heretofore eachPatroon of the Colonies in New Netherland, hath given in his separate remonstrance to the Assembly of the Nineteen, with request that the aforesaid Assembly dispose thereof; it can therefrom be seen that the pretensions of the aforesaid Patroons ditfer, and are even erected on different foundations, so that they cannot be well, nor speedily nor regularly arranged, much less treated of, in one suit in the name of all the Patroons. The Directors aforenamed, therefore, maintain that each of the said Patroons shall be bound to institute his suit separately, with vouchers, and therein what he hath, both in general and in particular, against the Company, and afterwards set forth draw pertinent conclusion. And in order that a termination be put at once to said differences, that the above mentioned Patroons be obliged to mention, in their respective demands all, as well general as particular, questions of which they have any knowledge, and on which they may intend to institute any action against the aforesaid Company, on pain, in default thereof, of their being and remaining nonsuited, as they might be, if the Directors had obtained a mandamus on the motions (vantisenj of the aforesaid Patroons, to have suit instituted, pursuant to the text in L diffamari C. de ingen. et manum. Nevertheless, if the aforesaid Patroons declare that they have no particular claim against the aforesaid Company, and will not institute any action on account thereof, and desire and expect only a decision on the general points which concern the aforesaid Patroons conjointly ; the Directors will not make any opposition to the examining and deciding the claim regarding the said general points by them conjointly instituted, saving the aforesaid Company's exception and defence to the contrary. (Signed), Albert Kounraut Burgh.

Nevertheless, if the aforesaid Patroons declare that they have no particular claim against the aforesaid Company, and will not institute any action on account thereof, and desire and expect only a decision on the general points which concern the aforesaid Patroons conjointly ; the Directors will not make any opposition to the examining and deciding the claim regarding the said general points by them conjointly instituted, saving the aforesaid Company's exception and defence to the contrary. (Signed), Albert Kounraut Burgh. Jacques van Horn. Exhibited, 22. June, 1634.

Reply of the Patroons to the West India Company. [ From the Original In the Royal Archives at the Hagne ; Lokefk,aa of the States General, Division, West Indiachs Compagivie ; Loket K., Letter L., No. 6, part 5 of the Bundle. ]

High and Mighty Lords. The Patroons of the Colonies in New Netherland having seen the writing delivered on behalf of the Directors of the West India Company, in opposition to the demand and claim of Vol. I. 12

:

90 NEW-YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. the said Patroons, communicated in writing to your High Migiitinesses, they say in reply to it As the foundation of the suit which they may institute, in proper time, against the above named Directors, for indemnification of such damages and losses as they respectively shall happen to have suffered, because the aforesaid Directors have not allowed, nor suffered, them to realize the full effect of the granted Exemptions and Freedoms, mainly depends upon the force and tenor of said Exemptions and Freedoms ; and your High Mightinesses would be uselessly detained by the deduction of the damages and losses suffered by the Patroons in the planting and continuance of their respective Colonies, and the consequences thereof,

90 NEW-YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. the said Patroons, communicated in writing to your High Migiitinesses, they say in reply to it As the foundation of the suit which they may institute, in proper time, against the above named Directors, for indemnification of such damages and losses as they respectively shall happen to have suffered, because the aforesaid Directors have not allowed, nor suffered, them to realize the full effect of the granted Exemptions and Freedoms, mainly depends upon the force and tenor of said Exemptions and Freedoms ; and your High Mightinesses would be uselessly detained by the deduction of the damages and losses suffered by the Patroons in the planting and continuance of their respective Colonies, and the consequences thereof,

in case the above named Directors are not bound to make good the aforesaid losses and damages, for having failed to carry out the aforesaid granted and accepted Exemptions and Freedoms therefore, in order that they may not rashly enetr into a dispute with the above ;

named Directors, about the aforesaid indemnity, they have deemed it necessary and essential to the despatch of business, first and foremost, to request your High Mightinesses (to whom, by resolution of the 27"" March last, adopted in the Assembly of the XIX., the differences of parties on both sides are referred ) to determine the force and tenor of the aforesaid Exemptions as ;

the Pretension and Claim of the Patroons is directed to that and to no other end; in order that such judgment being delivered, the act being one of wrong and affecting all the Patroons in common, then the Patroons will have to state their respective losses and damages, and adopt pertinent conclusion thereon; the rather as, after the rendition of the aforesaid judgment, they shall have conjointly to determine upon the continuation or abandonment of their Colonies, and as there is no reason for postponing the said judgment until the decision on the Patroons' respective losses, which by reason of instruction and the distance of place, will experience some delay; meanwhile the Patroons, in their view of the aforesaid Exemptions and Freedoms, remain injured and would be further damaged in their means.

the Pretension and Claim of the Patroons is directed to that and to no other end; in order that such judgment being delivered, the act being one of wrong and affecting all the Patroons in common, then the Patroons will have to state their respective losses and damages, and adopt pertinent conclusion thereon; the rather as, after the rendition of the aforesaid judgment, they shall have conjointly to determine upon the continuation or abandonment of their Colonies, and as there is no reason for postponing the said judgment until the decision on the Patroons' respective losses, which by reason of instruction and the distance of place, will experience some delay; meanwhile the Patroons, in their view of the aforesaid Exemptions and Freedoms, remain injured and would be further damaged in their means. The aforesaid Patroons are content, on the rendition of the above mentioned judgment, respectively to deliver in their declaration of damages and losses, and to proceed further in the matter, by a certain reasonable time, to be afterwards fixed by your High Mightinesses, according to the circumstances of affairs and the distance of places. And for these reasons, rejecting the dilatory notice of the aforesaid Directors, the abovenamed Patroons respectfully request your High Mightinesses to be pleased to order the aforesaid Directors to answer, peremptorily, their aforesaid declaration; and in default thereof, that your High Mightinesses would be pleased to render your judgment on the articles contained in the aforesaid petition, in such wise as shall appertain to just equity and right, and to the public service. Which doing, etc. (Signed) M. Paauw, S. Blommaert, Exhibited 22d June, 1634, and furnished Henrick Hamel, to opposite party for replication. Kiliaen van Rensselaer.

And for these reasons, rejecting the dilatory notice of the aforesaid Directors, the abovenamed Patroons respectfully request your High Mightinesses to be pleased to order the aforesaid Directors to answer, peremptorily, their aforesaid declaration; and in default thereof, that your High Mightinesses would be pleased to render your judgment on the articles contained in the aforesaid petition, in such wise as shall appertain to just equity and right, and to the public service. Which doing, etc. (Signed) M. Paauw, S. Blommaert, Exhibited 22d June, 1634, and furnished Henrick Hamel, to opposite party for replication. Kiliaen van Rensselaer.

;

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS: IL 91

Resolution of the States General postponing a Decision on the preceding Pleadings.

[ From tho Register of Eeaolulioni of the States General, in the Eoyal Archives at the Hague. ]

Saturday, 24th June, 1634. Folio B29. Being heard, the report of Mess" Huygens and others, their High Mightinesses' Patroons Planters, deputies, who proceeded, pursuant to resolution, in the case of the Patroons, planters, of New Netherland against the West India Company. It is after previous deliberation, resolved and concluded, to postpone this mattter for tveelve days; and parties shall, in the meanwhile, endeavor to settle their differences by agreement and mutual accord and if not, their High Mightinesses will, at the end of the aforesaid time, have the said difference decided by their Deputies agreeably to the aforesaid resolution of authority thereunto granted.

Subjects for the Consideration of the Assembly of the XIX, 1634.

[From the Original in the Royal ArchiTes at the Hague ; File, TTmI Indie. ]

It is after previous deliberation, resolved and concluded, to postpone this mattter for tveelve days; and parties shall, in the meanwhile, endeavor to settle their differences by agreement and mutual accord and if not, their High Mightinesses will, at the end of the aforesaid time, have the said difference decided by their Deputies agreeably to the aforesaid resolution of authority thereunto granted.

Subjects for the Consideration of the Assembly of the XIX, 1634.

[From the Original in the Royal ArchiTes at the Hague ; File, TTmI Indie. ]

Points of Reference, whereupon all the Chambers of the West India Company

are summoned to Amsterdam on the 31 July, 1634; extracted as far as relates to the matters of New Netherland. Exhibited 18 July, 1634.

S* Point. As Ambassador Joachimi hath advised the Company of the claims of Jacob Eelkens, who sailed from England, amounting to 40 (^ 50 thousand guilders, which he pretends to have lost in New Netherland, the members will be pleased to come prepared to resolve thereupon, according as it shall be most advantageous to the Company.

The Assembly of the XIX. to the States General.

[ From the Original in the Eoyal Archives at the Hague ; File, West Indie.^

To the High and Mighty Lords States General of the United Netherlands. High and Mighty Lords. The year 1634 approaches now to a close, and the West India Company hath not, up to the present time, received the vote of the subsidy demanded by the Council of State, many months since, for its support for that year. Notwithstanding the Deputies from the XIX. have, with such great persistence, applied to your High Mightinesses therefor, from time to time.

To the High and Mighty Lords States General of the United Netherlands. High and Mighty Lords. The year 1634 approaches now to a close, and the West India Company hath not, up to the present time, received the vote of the subsidy demanded by the Council of State, many months since, for its support for that year. Notwithstanding the Deputies from the XIX. have, with such great persistence, applied to your High Mightinesses therefor, from time to time.

92 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. And now clearly made manifest both to your High Mightinesses and to the respective provinces, that it is impossible for the Company to prosecute any longer the expensive war in Brazil, much less to accomplish any thing of advantage to this State. Unless your High Mightinesses continue to afford it liberal assistance, and not only promise the Company that, but also make them sensible of it. Meanwhile the Company abates nothing in the advancement of its affairs, but has done more than was expected from it. With what difficulty that was effected, your High Mightinesses can sufficiently understand, by comparing the heavy expenses of the war which it has now waged for so many years, with the subsidies voted us, and the trifling profits it has derived, up to this time, from the conquests. What the end of this is to be, we leave your High Mightinesses' prudent wisdom to consider. Of this we must, with all submission, warn your High Mightinesses; unless your High Mightinesses procure a vote of the required subsidies, and move the respective provinces, so that they will be received more promptly than heretofore, we see no prospect of meeting any longer the heavy expenses of the war. The great work in Brazil, which is now so far advanced, that an end to it is, in a manner, perceptible, will be interrupted and perhaps entirely fail, to the serious disgrace and injury of this State.

Of this we must, with all submission, warn your High Mightinesses; unless your High Mightinesses procure a vote of the required subsidies, and move the respective provinces, so that they will be received more promptly than heretofore, we see no prospect of meeting any longer the heavy expenses of the war. The great work in Brazil, which is now so far advanced, that an end to it is, in a manner, perceptible, will be interrupted and perhaps entirely fail, to the serious disgrace and injury of this State. Much more ought to have been done than the Company ever wished to solicit from your High Mightinesses, in order to accomplish an undertaking of such vast importance to the country, and not only to render that work secure, but to give the King of Spain employment elsewhere by way of diversion, so as advantageously to execute, meanwhile, the affair in Brazil and to allow this State to taste the fruits thereof. We have submitted to your High Mightinesses heretofore, many reasons which ought to move you hereunto, and could add others, were we not convinced that your High Mightinesses understand them better, and give them as deliberate consideration as they deserve. We shall, therefore, not detain your High Mightinesses with a longer deduction, but conclude with an humble request: this, our remonstrance,

That your High Mightinesses, in consideration of the duties lately and still daily performed by the Company beyond its ability, and of the benefit this State derived therefrom. May be pleased so to influence the respective Provinces that, finally, the required vote of subsidies may be obtained, if not more, at least in the same form as was demanded by the Council, and the effect thereof be realized as promptly as necessity requires. So that we may prosecute with renewed courage, and complete, with God's blessing, successfully our begun work, for the benefit of this State, and the humiliation of the common enemy.

May be pleased so to influence the respective Provinces that, finally, the required vote of subsidies may be obtained, if not more, at least in the same form as was demanded by the Council, and the effect thereof be realized as promptly as necessity requires. So that we may prosecute with renewed courage, and complete, with God's blessing, successfully our begun work, for the benefit of this State, and the humiliation of the common enemy. The Deputies of the XIX. are also instructed to explain to your High Mightinesses, certain difficulties they experience in New Netherland, from the English whereof Mr. Joachimi, your ;

High Mightinesses' Ambassador, hath advised us. As the matter consists of a long narrative, and many circumstances, which would detain your High Mightinesses' Assembly too long, they respectfully request your High Mightinesses to be pleased to appoint a committee from your midst, to whom we may communicate the said representation, and submit the means whereby further inconveniences may be avoided. Which doing, &c. Exhibited 24 October 1634.

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS: IL 93

Re-solution of the States General on the preceding Memorial.

[ From Ihe Eegiatcr of ReaolutioDS of the States GeDeral, in the Royal Archives at the Hague. ]

Tuesday, 24'" October, 1634. Folio 878. Read the remonstrance of the attending Deputies of the Assembly of the XIX. WMt India Com- ^j. ^^^ West India Company, lately hoiden at Amsterdam, requesting, for the reasons therein set forth, that their High Mightinesses would be pleased so to influence the respective provinces, that the West India Company may finally obtain the desired votes of Subsidy. subsidy for this current year. 1634, as prayed for by the general petition of the Council of State, for the behoof of the aforesaid Company, so that the latter may, with renewed courage, prosecute, and with God's blessing, successfully complete its begun work, to the advantage of this state, and the humiliation of the general enemy.

WMt India Com- ^j. ^^^ West India Company, lately hoiden at Amsterdam, requesting, for the reasons therein set forth, that their High Mightinesses would be pleased so to influence the respective provinces, that the West India Company may finally obtain the desired votes of Subsidy. subsidy for this current year. 1634, as prayed for by the general petition of the Council of State, for the behoof of the aforesaid Company, so that the latter may, with renewed courage, prosecute, and with God's blessing, successfully complete its begun work, to the advantage of this state, and the humiliation of the general enemy. Secondly, the above named remonstrants are also instructed to explain to their High Difficulty with the Mightinesses ° certain which manifest themselves in New Netherland difficulties English in New Netherland. with the English. Whereupon deliberation being had, it is resolved and concluded, on the first point, that the respective Deputies going to the provinces, with their High Mightinesses' credentials, shall also be instructed, as they are hereby directed, to encourage not only the vote and furnishing of the subsidy for the West India Company'for the current year, to the amount expressed in the general petition of the Council of State, but also the extinction of the arrears which the aforesaid Company, by previous votes, and otherwise still owes the respective provinces, and to withdraw. For that purpose, extracts of said arrearages shall be handed to the Deputies. And as regard the second point in this case, Messrs. Arnhem, Herberts, Swartsenburch, Marienburch and Schaffer, are requested and appointed to hear the explanation of the above named remonstrants, and to report thereupon.

Whereupon deliberation being had, it is resolved and concluded, on the first point, that the respective Deputies going to the provinces, with their High Mightinesses' credentials, shall also be instructed, as they are hereby directed, to encourage not only the vote and furnishing of the subsidy for the West India Company'for the current year, to the amount expressed in the general petition of the Council of State, but also the extinction of the arrears which the aforesaid Company, by previous votes, and otherwise still owes the respective provinces, and to withdraw. For that purpose, extracts of said arrearages shall be handed to the Deputies. And as regard the second point in this case, Messrs. Arnhem, Herberts, Swartsenburch, Marienburch and Schaffer, are requested and appointed to hear the explanation of the above named remonstrants, and to report thereupon.

The Assembly of the XIX. to the States General. [ From the Original In the Eoyal Archives at the Hague ; Tile, entitled Weat Indie. ]

To the High and Mighty Lords States General of the United Netherlands.

High and Mighty Lords. The Deputies of tlie Assembly of the XIX. are instructed to complain to your High Mightinesses, that one Jacob Jacobsen Elkens, having entered the service of Mr. William Klobery and his assistants, with the ship, the William, whereof William Trevor was master, did in the past year 1633, In the month of April, come to the North River, in New Netherland, [opposite the island] of the Manhattes, in order to exchange his [merchandise] up that river for peltries and other [products.] And that under the feigned pretense that said river and adjacent country were in, and of, the Domain of his Majesty of Great Britain.

William Klobery and his assistants, with the ship, the William, whereof William Trevor was master, did in the past year 1633, In the month of April, come to the North River, in New Netherland, [opposite the island] of the Manhattes, in order to exchange his [merchandise] up that river for peltries and other [products.] And that under the feigned pretense that said river and adjacent country were in, and of, the Domain of his Majesty of Great Britain.

;

94 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. Without, however, holding, as far as is known to us, or being willing to exhibit, when demanded, by our agents, his Majesty's Instruction or Commission, which he might have for that purpose. Nevertheless, it is sufficiently notorious to all the world, and he, Jacob Elkens himself knows best of all, having been employed, even before the year 1614, in the service of those who then had your High Mightinesses' grant to trade, exclusively, to that river and the surrounding places. That said river and adjacent countries had been discovered in the year 1609, at the cost of the East India Company, before any Christians had ever been up said river, as Hudson testified, who was then in the service of said Company, for the purpose of discovering the northwest passage to China. And that your High Mightinesses' grant hath conferred, from that time down, on divers merchants, the exclusive trade in peltries there. Likewise, that one or more little forts were built, also under your High Mightinesses' chief jurisdiction, even before the year 1614, and supplied with people for the security of the said trade Further, that after these countries had passed into the hands of the incorporated West India Company, not only were the above named forts renewed and enlarged, but said Company purchased from the Indians, who were the indubitable owners thereof, the Island of the Manhattes, situate at the entrance of the said river, and there laid the foundation of a city.

Likewise, that one or more little forts were built, also under your High Mightinesses' chief jurisdiction, even before the year 1614, and supplied with people for the security of the said trade Further, that after these countries had passed into the hands of the incorporated West India Company, not only were the above named forts renewed and enlarged, but said Company purchased from the Indians, who were the indubitable owners thereof, the Island of the Manhattes, situate at the entrance of the said river, and there laid the foundation of a city. As also, not only on that river, but likewise on the South river, and others lying to the east of the aforesaid North river, divers natives and inhabitants of these countries, by the assistance of said Company, planted sundry Colonies, for which purpose were also purchased from the chiefs of the Indians, the lands and soil, with their respective attributes and jurisdictions. As is to be seen by divers deeds of conveyance and cession, executed in favor of the

Patroons of the Colonies by the Sachems and Chief Lords of the Indians, and those who had any thing to say therein. So that said Company had occupied, settled and cultivated those countries, and carried on trade there from the commencement of their charter, without any one having justly [complained] of them for so doing, or endeavored by to destroy their trade, except

some [transported ] landers, and namely: Jacob Elkens, who least of all [should do

so: who] lately by false [representations] sought to persuade his Majesty of Great Britain, that those countries of New Netherland were a part of his domains in that quarter of North America. And although our Governor and officers there advised the aforesaid Jacob Elkens, in a friendly manner, to refrain from trading within their jurisdiction, yet he went, notwithstanding, higher up the river, and having pitched his tent on the shore, begun to trade with the Indians, the Company's allies.

so: who] lately by false [representations] sought to persuade his Majesty of Great Britain, that those countries of New Netherland were a part of his domains in that quarter of North America. And although our Governor and officers there advised the aforesaid Jacob Elkens, in a friendly manner, to refrain from trading within their jurisdiction, yet he went, notwithstanding, higher up the river, and having pitched his tent on the shore, begun to trade with the Indians, the Company's allies. So that our officers were obliged, after various negotiations and protests, as more fully may be seen by the writings and authentic copies thereof existing, to weigh said Elkens' anchor, and to expel him from said river. And although the Company hath by such arrival, suffered serious damage, and their trade has been thereby particularly spoiled. And injurious seeds of division sown between the Indians and our people, who had previously lived together in good union.

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS : 11. 95 And other serious mischiefs have proceeded therefrom, such as killing of men and cattle Whereof we expect fuller information by the next ship, which is now soon expected. So that we have great cause of complaint against, and serious losses and damages to claim from, the employers of this Jacob Elkens, of which, on the contrary, they complain against us, and pretend their losses are very great. To escape from, and to avoid these difficulties the better in future, the Deputies of the XIX. submit to your High Mightinesses' wise consideration. Whether it would not be best to communicate this matter to the Mr. William Boswel, the King of Great Britain's agent. In order to discover means whereby, first, this question, which is reasonable, may, by the intervention of his Honor on the one side, and Ambassador Joachimi on the other, be settled in a friendly manner; inasmuch as no suit has, so far as we know, been entered, up to the present time, against the Company, or complaint been made to his Majesty on the subject.

Whether it would not be best to communicate this matter to the Mr. William Boswel, the King of Great Britain's agent. In order to discover means whereby, first, this question, which is reasonable, may, by the intervention of his Honor on the one side, and Ambassador Joachimi on the other, be settled in a friendly manner; inasmuch as no suit has, so far as we know, been entered, up to the present time, against the Company, or complaint been made to his Majesty on the subject. And, secondly, future mischiefs may be avoided by a proper boundary line between his Majesty's, and your High Mightinesses', subjects. Inasmuch as the welfare of both depends on mutual good understanding. And a contrary course will afford an opportunity, whereby not only the Indians will be emboldened anew to kill the Christians, as the English heretofore sorely experienced in Virginia, and to [slaughter] our people for a much slighter [cause], but also the King of Spain [will be encouraged in his efforts] to rivet his chains [on us], i which otherwise by degrees from

Exhibited 25"' October, 1634.

Mesolution of the States General on the difficulties with tlie English in New Netherland.

[ From the Register of Resolutions of the States General, in the Royal ArchiTes at the Hague. ]

Wednesday, 25"' October, 1634. roiio875. Mess" Arnhem and the other, their High Mightinesses' Deputies have reported that, pursuant to yesterday's resolution, they have heard and considered the state of the Difflcnity in New ^uestion and difference which arose in New Netherland between the English Netherland. ^^^^^ ^^^ ^^^^^ ^f ^^^ ^^^^ y^j^j^ Company of these United Netherlands, and have submitted herewith to their High Mightinesses certain Representation on said question, communicated by the Directors of the West India Company aforesaid. Whereupon, deliberation being had, it is resolved and concluded that this State cannot by any means interfere therein, but leave the aforesaid matter to take its course but their High Mightinesses permit the ;

Mess" Arnhem and the other, their High Mightinesses' Deputies have reported that, pursuant to yesterday's resolution, they have heard and considered the state of the Difflcnity in New ^uestion and difference which arose in New Netherland between the English Netherland. ^^^^^ ^^^ ^^^^^ ^f ^^^ ^^^^ y^j^j^ Company of these United Netherlands, and have submitted herewith to their High Mightinesses certain Representation on said question, communicated by the Directors of the West India Company aforesaid. Whereupon, deliberation being had, it is resolved and concluded that this State cannot by any means interfere therein, but leave the aforesaid matter to take its course but their High Mightinesses permit the ;

delegated Directors to speak and confer hereupon, on behalf of the Company in particular, with Mr. Boswell, the Resident of his Majesty the King of Great Britain.

' The portions of the above within brackets or left blank, are not in the Dutch MS., the original of which is represented as worn or illegible in those parts -- Ed.

96 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS.

New Project of Freedoms and Exemptions. [ From the MS., wiihout date, in the Eoyal Arcliives at the Hague ; File, entitled We»t Indit, 1680--1635. ]

Freedoms, Privileges and Exemptions, granted by the High and Mighty Lords States General, ex plenitudine potes/alis, to all persons of condition, inhabitants of these countries, to be qualified thereunto by their High Mightinesses, as Lords and Patroons of New Netherland, for the purpose of planting Colonies and introducing cattle there, all for the advancement of the Incorporated West India Company, and for the benefit of the inhabitants of these countries.

New Project of Freedoms and Exemptions. [ From the MS., wiihout date, in the Eoyal Arcliives at the Hague ; File, entitled We»t Indit, 1680--1635. ]

Freedoms, Privileges and Exemptions, granted by the High and Mighty Lords States General, ex plenitudine potes/alis, to all persons of condition, inhabitants of these countries, to be qualified thereunto by their High Mightinesses, as Lords and Patroons of New Netherland, for the purpose of planting Colonies and introducing cattle there, all for the advancement of the Incorporated West India Company, and for the benefit of the inhabitants of these countries.

Persons admissible thereunto by their High Mightinesses, being inclined to plant Colonies in New Netherland, shall be permitted to send thither, by all of the West India Company's ships and yachts going thither, three or four persons, to examine the state of things there, on condition of paying for board and passage out and home, six stuyvers a day, and those wishing to eat in the cabin, twelve stuyvers.

2.

And in case of offensive or defensive operations, they must lend assistance the same as others; and if any of the enemy's ships be captured, they shall also receive their share, pro rata, according to each person's quality; to wit, those not eating in the cabin the same as seamen, and those who board in the cabin, a share equal to that of the superior officers, calculated one with another.

3.

Herein shall be preferred such persons as shall be admitted first on their High Mightinesses' list.

And in case of offensive or defensive operations, they must lend assistance the same as others; and if any of the enemy's ships be captured, they shall also receive their share, pro rata, according to each person's quality; to wit, those not eating in the cabin the same as seamen, and those who board in the cabin, a share equal to that of the superior officers, calculated one with another.

3.

Herein shall be preferred such persons as shall be admitted first on their High Mightinesses' list.

4.

And for Lords and Patroons of New Netherland shall be acknowledged those who will, within six years from this time, (exclusive of the year of admission) undertake to plant in New Netherland a Colonic of forty-eight souls, on pain, in case of palpable neglect, of being deprived, at their High Mightinesses' discretion, of their acquired Freedoms, Privileges and Exemptions. 5. No??-.-^'"'' J» But every one is notified that the Company reserves unto •' *^ itself the Island of lUdiciJied must be •'

oo'mpany •

''^oth*! Mauhattcs, Fort, Orange, with the lands and islands appertaining thereunto, '"^"''' omftt«d.""° Slaten Island, the land of Achassemes, Arasick and Hobokina, together with the Colonic

of Swanendale.

6.

And from the very moment that the Lords and Patroons of New Netherland have designated the places where they wish to plant their Colonies, and have obtained admission thereto from their High Mightinesses, they shall be preferred before all others, for such lands as they have selected.

But if they are not afterwards pleased with the places, or be deceived in the selection of the land, they shall have another opportunity to make a selection.

And from the very moment that the Lords and Patroons of New Netherland have designated the places where they wish to plant their Colonies, and have obtained admission thereto from their High Mightinesses, they shall be preferred before all others, for such lands as they have selected.

But if they are not afterwards pleased with the places, or be deceived in the selection of the land, they shall have another opportunity to make a selection.

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS: IL 97

8.

And the Patroons of New Netherland may, by Deputy, at the places where they will plant their Colonies, extend their limits six miles along the sea coast or on both sides of a navigable river, and so deep landward in, as the Lords and Patroons shall demand, without any one approaching within seven or eight miles of them, against their will.

And the first occupants shall not be prejudiced in their acquired right, but forever preserve the command over such bays, rivers and islands, as they shall have settled.

10.

And in propriety forever and always possess all the land situate within the Patroons' limits, together with all the fruits, superficies, minerals, rivers and fountains thereof, for them, their heirs or assigns, with high, middle and low jurisdiction, tenths, fishing, fowling, wind and [water] mills and all other privileges, preeminences and rights, to be holden as free, allodial and patrimonial property. 11.

And should the Patroons come to prosper in their Colonies, so far as to be able to found one or more towns or cities, they shall have authority to appoint officers and magistrates therein; enact laws and police, and make use of the titles and arms of their Colonies, according to their will and pleasure.

And in propriety forever and always possess all the land situate within the Patroons' limits, together with all the fruits, superficies, minerals, rivers and fountains thereof, for them, their heirs or assigns, with high, middle and low jurisdiction, tenths, fishing, fowling, wind and [water] mills and all other privileges, preeminences and rights, to be holden as free, allodial and patrimonial property. 11.

And should the Patroons come to prosper in their Colonies, so far as to be able to found one or more towns or cities, they shall have authority to appoint officers and magistrates therein; enact laws and police, and make use of the titles and arms of their Colonies, according to their will and pleasure.

12.

The Patroons shall have the privilege of using for their own benefit, all adjoining lands, rivers and forests, until they shall be taken up by other Patroons.

13.

The Patroons shall provisionally furnish proper instructions to their Colonies, in order that they be ruled and appointed, both in police and justice, conformably to the mode of government observed here. 14.

And they are empowered to send in the Company's ships, all their people and property bound thither, on paying for board as is hereinbefore stated in Article 1"; for freight of the merchandise, 5 per 100 cash on what the said goods have cost in this country; not including herein, however, cattle and agricultural implements, which the Company shall convey over for nothing; wherefore they shall reserve the fourth part of all ships and yachts which will sail thither; but the Patroons shall appropriate such vacant places for their fodder, they providing every thing necessary for the maintenance of the cattle.

And they are empowered to send in the Company's ships, all their people and property bound thither, on paying for board as is hereinbefore stated in Article 1"; for freight of the merchandise, 5 per 100 cash on what the said goods have cost in this country; not including herein, however, cattle and agricultural implements, which the Company shall convey over for nothing; wherefore they shall reserve the fourth part of all ships and yachts which will sail thither; but the Patroons shall appropriate such vacant places for their fodder, they providing every thing necessary for the maintenance of the cattle.

15.

And their High Mightinesses shall take care that a ship or yacht shall sail at least yearly from Amsterdam to New Netherland, about the month of so that the Patroons here, and their Colonies in New Netherland, may never be obstructed in the execution of their good intentions. Vol. L 13

98 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. 16.

The Patroons shall, at all times, be privileged to send their own ships to New Netherland; and in going and returning, to attack, and conquer, offensively and defensively, the enemies of this state, and to secure thereby the same right as the Incorporated West India Company enjoys.

17.

The Patroons of New Netherland shall have the privilege of sailing and trading along the whole coast, from Florida unto Newfoundland, and to all the Wild islands of the West Indies.

18.

The Patroons shall likewise be at liberty, everywhere around the coasts of New Netherland and the places adjacent thereunto, to trade their acquired goods for all sorts of wares and merchandises to be had there, without any exception.

The Patroons shall, at all times, be privileged to send their own ships to New Netherland; and in going and returning, to attack, and conquer, offensively and defensively, the enemies of this state, and to secure thereby the same right as the Incorporated West India Company enjoys.

17.

The Patroons of New Netherland shall have the privilege of sailing and trading along the whole coast, from Florida unto Newfoundland, and to all the Wild islands of the West Indies.

18.

The Patroons shall likewise be at liberty, everywhere around the coasts of New Netherland and the places adjacent thereunto, to trade their acquired goods for all sorts of wares and merchandises to be had there, without any exception.

19.

On the arrival of such wares here in the ships of the West India Company, there shall be paid for the freight of each merchantable skin, whether otter or beaver, one guilder; and on all bulky articles, such as pitch, tar, ashes, timber, grain, fish, salt, rosin or such like, tea guilders per last (estimated at 4000 lbs.), on condition that the Company's seamen shall be obliged to wheel and bring the salt on ship board; with this understanding, that the Patroons' own ships shall be always preferred, and on coming to this country, shall enjoy all such benefits and Freedoms, as are granted to the Company.

20.

All wares not enumerated in the preceding article, and not being bulky articles (Inst waeren) shall pay for freight 1 guilder per hundred weight, and wines, brandies, vinegars, verjuice, 10 guilders per barrel.

On the arrival of such wares here in the ships of the West India Company, there shall be paid for the freight of each merchantable skin, whether otter or beaver, one guilder; and on all bulky articles, such as pitch, tar, ashes, timber, grain, fish, salt, rosin or such like, tea guilders per last (estimated at 4000 lbs.), on condition that the Company's seamen shall be obliged to wheel and bring the salt on ship board; with this understanding, that the Patroons' own ships shall be always preferred, and on coming to this country, shall enjoy all such benefits and Freedoms, as are granted to the Company.

20.

All wares not enumerated in the preceding article, and not being bulky articles (Inst waeren) shall pay for freight 1 guilder per hundred weight, and wines, brandies, vinegars, verjuice, 10 guilders per barrel.

21.

Their High Mightinesses promise the Patroons not to impose on their Colonies, any Custom, Toil, Excise, Impost or other tax, but allow them to enjoy such Freedoms and Exemptions as are granted, or shall hereafter be granted by Charter to the Company.

22.

No person shall be at liberty to take from the service of the Patroons any of their Colonists, whether man, woman, son, daughter, maid-servant, or man-servant, even though solicited by the Colonists themselves to receive them (except by written consent of their Patroons), during the term of years for which they are bound to their Patroons; after the expiration of which time, the Patroons shall be at liberty to send back to this country the Colonists who leave their service, and then first discharge them ; and if any Colonist run away to another Patroon, or resume his freedom contrary to his contract, other Patroons of New Netherland shall be bound, and do promise their High Mightinesses, to cause him, as far as lies in his power, to be surrendered into the hands of his Patroon or his Commissary, in order that proceedings may be instituted against such Colonist, according to circumstances.

No person shall be at liberty to take from the service of the Patroons any of their Colonists, whether man, woman, son, daughter, maid-servant, or man-servant, even though solicited by the Colonists themselves to receive them (except by written consent of their Patroons), during the term of years for which they are bound to their Patroons; after the expiration of which time, the Patroons shall be at liberty to send back to this country the Colonists who leave their service, and then first discharge them ; and if any Colonist run away to another Patroon, or resume his freedom contrary to his contract, other Patroons of New Netherland shall be bound, and do promise their High Mightinesses, to cause him, as far as lies in his power, to be surrendered into the hands of his Patroon or his Commissary, in order that proceedings may be instituted against such Colonist, according to circumstances.

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS: II.

23.

The Patroons discovering shores, bays, or places adapted to Fishing, or the manufacture of Salt,may take possession of them, and have them worked in perfect property, to the exclusion of all others.

24.

They shall be privileged, also, to send their ships every v?here to fish, and so to go, with what has been caught, to all neutrals and friends of this State.

25.

And if any Colonist belonging to a Patroon happen to discover minerals, precious stones, crystals, marble, pearl fishery or such like, they shall remain the Patroon's property, provided he allow such discoverer, as a premium therefor, so much as the Patroon shall have stipulated for that purpose.

They shall be privileged, also, to send their ships every v?here to fish, and so to go, with what has been caught, to all neutrals and friends of this State.

25.

And if any Colonist belonging to a Patroon happen to discover minerals, precious stones, crystals, marble, pearl fishery or such like, they shall remain the Patroon's property, provided he allow such discoverer, as a premium therefor, so much as the Patroon shall have stipulated for that purpose.

26.

Their High Mightinesses, together with the Incorporated West India Company, promise to assist the Patroons' Colonists against all foreign and domestic wars and violence, with whatever force they have in, and shall bring to. New Netherland.

27.

The Patroons of New Netherland, shall be bound to purchase from the Lords Sachems in New Netherland, the soil where they propose to plant their Colonies, and shall acquire such right thereunto as they will agree for with the said Sachems.

The Patroons shall also particularly exert themselves to find speedy means to maintain a Clergyman and Schoolmaster, in order that Divine Service and zeal for religion may be planted in that country ; and send, at first, a Comforter of the sick thither.

29.

The respective Patroons shall be privileged to keep an agent at the Island Manhattes, who shall attend as a member of Council there, and have seat and vote at all the meetings and deliberations, in order thereby to be able to promote the necessary protection of the Colonies.

30.

The Patroons shall also particularly exert themselves to find speedy means to maintain a Clergyman and Schoolmaster, in order that Divine Service and zeal for religion may be planted in that country ; and send, at first, a Comforter of the sick thither.

29.

The respective Patroons shall be privileged to keep an agent at the Island Manhattes, who shall attend as a member of Council there, and have seat and vote at all the meetings and deliberations, in order thereby to be able to promote the necessary protection of the Colonies.

30.

Note. Vagabonds Their High Mightinesses shall exert themselves to provide the Patroons with five oS^afrnVand in persous bouud to service, who shall be obliged ° to serve out their bounden time, in idleness and crime, ' are hereby meant, all obedience, for their board and clothing only, which being done, on bringing to this country a certificate thereof from the Patroons or their Commissaries, such persons shall be here restored to their former state and freedom.

31.

In like manner, the Incorporated West India Company shall allot to each Patroon twelve Black men and women out of the prizes in which Negroes shall be found, for the advancement of the Colonies in New Netherland.

300 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS.

The Incorporated West India Company undertakes to maintain the fort and stronghold on the Island of Manhatten, in good defence and garrison, and to allow the Patroons to enjoy peaceably and quietly these Exemptions, Privileges and Freedoms.

33.

In like manner, the Incorporated West India Company shall allot to each Patroon twelve Black men and women out of the prizes in which Negroes shall be found, for the advancement of the Colonies in New Netherland.

300 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS.

The Incorporated West India Company undertakes to maintain the fort and stronghold on the Island of Manhatten, in good defence and garrison, and to allow the Patroons to enjoy peaceably and quietly these Exemptions, Privileges and Freedoms.

33.

All private and poor people (onvermogen personen) are excluded from these Exemptions Privileges and Freedoms, and are not alloveed to purchase any lands or grounds from the Sachems or Indians in New Netherland, but must repair under the jurisdiction of the respective Lords Patroons. Thus done and enacted.

/Subject for the Consideration of the Assembly of the XIX. 1636.

[ From the Original in tlie Eoyal Archives at the Hague: File, West Indie. ]

Points of Reference whereupon all the Chambers of the West India Company

are summoned to Amsterdam on the 1" of June, 1636, extracted so far as relate to the affairs of New Netherland. Exhibited 24"" May, 1636. 7"" Point. They shall also come prepared to resume and, if necessary, amend the order for the Director of New Netherland, Curasao, Cape de Verde, Senegal, Gambia, Sierra Leone, the Wild Coast, Fernando Noroncho and the Colonies planted here and there, and for this purpose each in his place shall bring with him all books and papers for information thereon.

are summoned to Amsterdam on the 1" of June, 1636, extracted so far as relate to the affairs of New Netherland. Exhibited 24"" May, 1636. 7"" Point. They shall also come prepared to resume and, if necessary, amend the order for the Director of New Netherland, Curasao, Cape de Verde, Senegal, Gambia, Sierra Leone, the Wild Coast, Fernando Noroncho and the Colonies planted here and there, and for this purpose each in his place shall bring with him all books and papers for information thereon.

Resolution of the States General on the Petition of Lubbert Van Dindagen. [ From the Register of Resolutions of the Slates General, in the Koyal Archives at the Hague. ]

Saturday, 30"' August, 1636.

New Serllid. Read the petition of Lubbert van Dinclagen, fiscal and sheriff of the General Lubbert van Dincia- Incorporated West India Company, in New Netherland, complaining of the wrong which, he maintains, has been done him in the service of the aforesaid Company, under the management of the Chamber residing at Amsterdam. Whereupon deliberation being had, it is resolved and concluded, that the aforesaid petition, with the papers annexed, be sent to the Directors in the aforesaid Chamber, in order to afford the petitioner satisfaction; or, in default thereof, to inform their High Mightinesses of the true circumstances and correct state of the petitioner's case, in order, on seeing it, that further proceedings be had thereon, as to the same shall appertain.

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States General to the Amsterdam Chamber of the West India Company. [ From the Minute in Hie Eoyal Archives at the Hague ; File, Weet Indie. ]

Whereupon deliberation being had, it is resolved and concluded, that the aforesaid petition, with the papers annexed, be sent to the Directors in the aforesaid Chamber, in order to afford the petitioner satisfaction; or, in default thereof, to inform their High Mightinesses of the true circumstances and correct state of the petitioner's case, in order, on seeing it, that further proceedings be had thereon, as to the same shall appertain.

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States General to the Amsterdam Chamber of the West India Company. [ From the Minute in Hie Eoyal Archives at the Hague ; File, Weet Indie. ]

To the Directors of the Chamber of the West India Company, at Amsterdam. The States.

LnbbertTanDinck- ^ou wlU 866 what Lubbert Van Dlncklagen, fiscal and sheriff in New lagen. Netherland, and requested of us, by the accompanying has represented to,

petition and annexed papers, the original of which we have resolved to send you herewith; requesting that you will cause satisfaction to be given therein to the petitioner; or, in default thereof, inform us of the correct circumstances and true state of the petitioner's case; in order, on seeing it, that further proceedings be had thereon, as to the same shall appertain.

Done 30th August, 163G.

Resolution of the States General on another Petition of Mr. Van Dindagen. [ From the Kegister of Resolutions of the States General, in the Eoyal Archives at the Hague. ]

Monday, 6th October, 1636. Folio 774. On the further petition of Lubbertus van Dinclagen, late advocate-fiscal Dindagen.' ' and sheriff in New Netherland, It is, after previous deliberation, resolved and concluded that this petition shall be sentto the Chamber of the West India Company, at

Resolution of the States General on another Petition of Mr. Van Dindagen. [ From the Kegister of Resolutions of the States General, in the Eoyal Archives at the Hague. ]

Monday, 6th October, 1636. Folio 774. On the further petition of Lubbertus van Dinclagen, late advocate-fiscal Dindagen.' ' and sheriff in New Netherland, It is, after previous deliberation, resolved and concluded that this petition shall be sentto the Chamber of the West India Company, at

Amsterdam, in order that they may reply to the petitioner's foregoing request, within fourteen days after the receipt of the letter.

States General to the Amsterdam Chamber of the West India Company. [From the Minute In the Eoyal Archives at the Hagne ; File, West Indie. ]

The States. Dlncklagen. You Can 866 from the accompanying petition, which we have resolved to send you herewith, what Lubertus van Dincklagen, late advocate-fiscal and sheriff, hath further represented to and requested of us; desiring that you reply within fourteen days after the receipt hereof, to the petitioner's foregoing petition. Wherein fail not.

Done, 6"- October, 1636.

102 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS.

Resolution of the States General on the Ansioer of the Amsterdam Chamber. [ From Ihe Kegister of Resolutions of the Slates General, in the Eoyal Archives at the Hague. ]

Monday, 20"' October, 1636. Foiio8i9. Received a letter from the Directors of the Amsterdam Chamber of the West West India Com- , ,_ pany- India Company, in answer to their High Mightmesses' letter, written in the case of Lubbertus Van Dinclagen, late fiscal and sheriff in New Netherland. Whereupon deliberation being had, it is resolved and concluded that the aforesaid letter shall be handed to party, in order to say what he thinks proper thereupon.

Monday, 20"' October, 1636. Foiio8i9. Received a letter from the Directors of the Amsterdam Chamber of the West West India Com- , ,_ pany- India Company, in answer to their High Mightmesses' letter, written in the case of Lubbertus Van Dinclagen, late fiscal and sheriff in New Netherland. Whereupon deliberation being had, it is resolved and concluded that the aforesaid letter shall be handed to party, in order to say what he thinks proper thereupon.

Subject for the Consideration of the Assembly of the XIX. 1636.

[ From the Original in the Eoyal ArchiTes at the Hague. File, West Indie. ]

Points of Reference whereupon all the Chambers of the West India Company

are summoned to Amsterdam for the S"" December, 1636, extracted so far as relates to the affairs of New Netherland. Received 25 Nov. 1636.

lO"" Point.

They shall also come prepared to resume and amend if necessary, the order on the management of New Netherland, Cura9ao, Cape de Verd, Senegal, Sierre Leone, the Wild Coast, Fernando, Noronho, and the Colonies planted here and there. And for this purpose each, in his place, shall bring all books and papers for information thereon.

Mr. Van Beveren to ihe States General. [ From the Original in the Royal Archives at the Hague ; File, West Indie. ]

High and Mighty Lords. My last to your High Mightinesses is of the 27"" March. The letters &c. I fear the delay in terminating the Treaty with France has caused the granting of a certain patent to Captain Kercke and his associates : to wit, that his Majesty has given to the aforesaid

Van Beveren to ihe States General. [ From the Original in the Royal Archives at the Hague ; File, West Indie. ]

High and Mighty Lords. My last to your High Mightinesses is of the 27"" March. The letters &c. I fear the delay in terminating the Treaty with France has caused the granting of a certain patent to Captain Kercke and his associates : to wit, that his Majesty has given to the aforesaid

Captain and Company a patent or charter for the term of twenty-one years, to equip eight fully armed ships, to erect some small forts in New England or Newfoundland, and to become master of the fishery of Newfoundland, New France and Virginia, and not to suffer any nation to come and fish there, except under his license and tribute, where notwithstanding the French from all remote time have fished and carried on a good trade. Your High Mightinesses can enquire if any of your subjects are in the habit of going thither with the same design. I have,

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS: IL 103

in accordance with my duty advised the French Ambassador hereof, and also assured him that the aforesaid charter was passed. A certain Italian nobleman, etc. (Signed) C. Van Beveren. London, 3"* April, 1637.

Resolution of the States General on a further Petition of Mr. Van DincMagen. [ From the Ecgister of Eesolulions of the Stales General, In the Royal Archives at the Hague. ]

Thursday, the 30"' April 1637.

Folio 272. The further petition of LubbertVan Dincklagen, late fiscal of New Netherland Kecommendation.' being again read to the Assembly, It is, after previous deliberation resolved and concluded that the Assembly of the XIX. of the West India Company be seriously written to, to satisfy the Petitioner. And their High Mightinesses' deputies, going to the aforesaid Assembly, are requested to second their High Mightinesses' good disposition and intention herein with hearty zeal and earnestness.

Thursday, the 30"' April 1637.

Folio 272. The further petition of LubbertVan Dincklagen, late fiscal of New Netherland Kecommendation.' being again read to the Assembly, It is, after previous deliberation resolved and concluded that the Assembly of the XIX. of the West India Company be seriously written to, to satisfy the Petitioner. And their High Mightinesses' deputies, going to the aforesaid Assembly, are requested to second their High Mightinesses' good disposition and intention herein with hearty zeal and earnestness.

States General to the Assembly of the XIX. [ From the Minute In the Eoyal ArchiTes at the Hague ; File, Went Indie.]

To the Assembly of the XIX. of the West India Company ; the SO"" April, 1637.

The States. LubbertvanDinck-^^ wrote you at three different times last year, 1636, to pay to Lubbert Van lagen. Dincklageu his three years salary, as Fiscal of New Netherland, with the costs thereon, or in case of refusal to show cause to the contrary. We have since received your letter, written there the 10"" October, in the aforesaid year, 1636, which, after previous reading and examination, we placed in the hands of the above named Dincklagen, to make his

observations thereupon, and he, Dincklagen, hath represented to us this day, by petition, that he, having examined your letter, finds that it states: First, that he, the petitioner, returned from New Netherland uncalled for and without orders. Secondly, that on demanding his earned monthly wages, the Commissioners of New Netherland, who had previously thoroughly informed themselves of, and examined all the documents, allowed him all such sums of money as were afterwards tendered to him, without making any computation of the amount. Thirdly, that he, the petitioner, complaining to you, several persons were appointed from your body with the ordinary Commissioners, to review the whole matter, which was done in the presence of Mr.

Secondly, that on demanding his earned monthly wages, the Commissioners of New Netherland, who had previously thoroughly informed themselves of, and examined all the documents, allowed him all such sums of money as were afterwards tendered to him, without making any computation of the amount. Thirdly, that he, the petitioner, complaining to you, several persons were appointed from your body with the ordinary Commissioners, to review the whole matter, which was done in the presence of Mr. Garrard Van Arnhem, Lord of Zeventer, and that the said Mr. Arnhem,

104 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. had informed the ordinary Commissioners, that in his opinion, he, the petitioner, had been more than satisfied by the allowance of the aforesaid small sum of money. To which three points, he, the petitioner, makes answer, by the aforesaid petition. First, that he did not return home without orders, or unrecalled ; but that he considers the forcible opposition in his office in New Netherland, his illegal removal from his said office, and other unbecoming proceedings of Wouter Van Tweyler, Director in New Netherland? together with his command and order to betake himself to Fatherland, as the aforesaid Dincklagen can prove, to be a recall and order to return home, as indeed it is. Secondly, that the sum tendered to him is no more than nine months of what is due him. Thirdly, that neither examination, nor revision, much less reconsideration of the matter has been made by the Commissioners, but on the contrary, that the petitioner's vouchers and papers were rejected, and not considered worthy either of perusal or examination by them. Wherefore, we having further examined the petitioner's case, find the same to be just, and therefore cannot and ought not omit hereby officially and earnestly to request, desire, and to exhort you once more for the third time, to cause, and let satisfaction be made him, after such long unfounded delays and postponements; and shall confidently rely on you no longer remaining in default herein, so that we may hereafter be freed and relieved from the petitioner's troublesome, but well founded, solicitations.

Wherefore, we having further examined the petitioner's case, find the same to be just, and therefore cannot and ought not omit hereby officially and earnestly to request, desire, and to exhort you once more for the third time, to cause, and let satisfaction be made him, after such long unfounded delays and postponements; and shall confidently rely on you no longer remaining in default herein, so that we may hereafter be freed and relieved from the petitioner's troublesome, but well founded, solicitations. And with this view, we have requested Messrs., our deputies, who are to go and preside over your present Assembly, in our behalf, earnestly to recommend and urge this matter on you, so that the Petitioner be deprived of cause of complaint. Done XXX"" April, 1637.

Resolution of the States General to commission Willem Kieft, Director of New Netherland.

[ From the Register of Eesolutloiis of the States Geoeral, in the Royal Archives at the Hague. ]

Wednesday, 2" September, 1637. Folio 433. Director Elias de Raet appeared in the Assembly, with credentials from the Directors of the West India [Company] Chamber at Amsterdam, of the first instant, and WiiiiimKiefi. prayed their High Mightinesses that Commission do issue, and the oath be New Netherland. entered of WiLLEM KiEFT, to go in the stead of Wouter Van Twyler, as Director of New Netherland. Which being granted by their High Mightinesses, the aforesaid Commission is ordered to be issued, and the aforesaid Willem Kieft was thereupon sworn.

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Director Elias de Raet appeared in the Assembly, with credentials from the Directors of the West India [Company] Chamber at Amsterdam, of the first instant, and WiiiiimKiefi. prayed their High Mightinesses that Commission do issue, and the oath be New Netherland. entered of WiLLEM KiEFT, to go in the stead of Wouter Van Twyler, as Director of New Netherland. Which being granted by their High Mightinesses, the aforesaid Commission is ordered to be issued, and the aforesaid Willem Kieft was thereupon sworn.

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS: IL 105

Subject for Consideration by the A-s-semhly of the XIX. 1638.

[ From the Original in the Eoyal Archives at the Ilagae ; File, TFes* Indi«. 1

Points of Reference on which all the Chambers of the West India Company are summoned to Middelburg for the 25"" January, 1638; extracted so far as relates to the affairs of New Netherland. Received 19 January, 1638.

17"" Point.

They shall come also prepared to consider, and, if necessary, to improve the management of New Netherland, Curasao, Cape de Verd, Senegal, Sierre Leone, the Wild Coast, Fernando, Noronha, and tlie Colonies planted here and there ; and with this view, each in his place will bring all books and papers for information thereon.

Resolution of the States General directing a Register of West India Affairs to be hept.

[ From the Eeglet«r of the West India Affairs, 1633--1651, in the Royal Archives at the Hague. ]

Friday, 16 April, 1638. Folio 1. After deliberation, it is resolved and concluded, that henceforth all resolutions, letters or other writings, relating to the East India Company and also to the West India Company, shall be entered and arranged in a book apart from the others.

Resolution of the States General directing a Register of West India Affairs to be hept.

[ From the Eeglet«r of the West India Affairs, 1633--1651, in the Royal Archives at the Hague. ]

Friday, 16 April, 1638. Folio 1. After deliberation, it is resolved and concluded, that henceforth all resolutions, letters or other writings, relating to the East India Company and also to the West India Company, shall be entered and arranged in a book apart from the others.

Resolution of the States General on a Project for Colonizing Neio Netherland.

[ From the Eegistor of the West India Affairs, 163S-- 1651, in the Koyal Archives at the Hague.]

Saturday, l?"- April, 1638. Folio 1. Read in the Assembly a certain •' remonstrance, presented ' to their High Partners and stoctholders. Mightinesses in the name and on the behalf of divers partners and stockholders of ^^^ the West India Company also was exhibited, in addition, a certain Project NeSLd." ;

regarding the planting of Colonies in New Netherland. Whereupon deliberation being had, it is resolved and concluded, that the aforesaid Remonstrance and Project be placed in

the hands of their High Mightinesses' Deputies to the present Assembly of the XIX., here at the Hague, to be by them communicated to that Assembly, and further to manage and direct

the affair there, so that proper resolution maybe taken thereupon, one way or the other, before the Assembly of the XIX. adjourn.

Vol. I. 14

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106 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS.

Hesolution of the States General urging the Colonization of Neio Netherland.

Whereupon deliberation being had, it is resolved and concluded, that the aforesaid Remonstrance and Project be placed in

the hands of their High Mightinesses' Deputies to the present Assembly of the XIX., here at the Hague, to be by them communicated to that Assembly, and further to manage and direct

the affair there, so that proper resolution maybe taken thereupon, one way or the other, before the Assembly of the XIX. adjourn.

Vol. I. 14

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106 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS.

Hesolution of the States General urging the Colonization of Neio Netherland.

From the Register of the West India AITairs, 16:38-1651, in the Eoyal Archives at the Hague ]

Monday, 2G April, 1638. Folio 1. Whereas their Hifih Mightinesses learn that a sufficient number of good and Divine Worship in . , , , , , tt-. i i i i- i i Brazil. pious clergymen have not been sent to L-xbor at Brazil in the harvest ot the Lord di3dpiinr " *° also that church discipline has not been duly introduced, much less practiced ""^ ^outh^""" "' there, nor even order taken for the establishment of schools for the education of the rising youth, that they may be brought up in religion and piet)'. Colonies in New Secondly, their High Mightinesses receive additional information that the Netherland. o o •' '

Population. population in New Netherland does not only not increase as it ought, but even that the population which had been commenced is decreasing, and appears to be neglected by the West India Company, so that the inhabitants of foreign princes and potentates, are endeavoring to incorporate New Netherland, and if not seasonably attended to, will at once entirely overrun it. Therefore their High Mightinesses, after previous deliberation, have resolved and concluded on the first point, hereby to instruct and authorize their deputies to the Assembly of the XIX., that in conjunction with the present delegates from the respective Chambers to said Assembly, they assist in making and enacting such order, that Divine Worship in Brazil be duly attended to,church ordinance and discipline introduced and practiced, and the rising youth educated and brought up in the fear of the Lord and in the Christian Reformed religion.

Therefore their High Mightinesses, after previous deliberation, have resolved and concluded on the first point, hereby to instruct and authorize their deputies to the Assembly of the XIX., that in conjunction with the present delegates from the respective Chambers to said Assembly, they assist in making and enacting such order, that Divine Worship in Brazil be duly attended to,church ordinance and discipline introduced and practiced, and the rising youth educated and brought up in the fear of the Lord and in the Christian Reformed religion. On the second point, their High Mightinesses have resolved and concluded, that before the present delegates from the respective Chambers to the aforesaid present Assembly of the XIX. adjourn, their High Mightinesses' deputies shall assist in making and enacting such effectual order regarding the population of New Netherland, and thereunto invite all good inhabitants of these Netherlands by such inducements and pre-eminences as, with the approbation of their High Mightinesses, they shall resolve to offer to all colonists, so that this State may not be deprived of the aforesaid New Netherland, by any indirect underhand dealing of some inhabitants of this country, and the intrusion and invasion of those of foreign princes and potentates.

Report on the Condition of the Colony of New Netherland, in 1638. [ From the Original in the Koj-al A rchives at the Hague Loketkas of the Stales General : ; Division, Vest Indische Oompagnie, No. 8. ]

leV^he^Aw^mbiy Whcreas the Lords States General obtain unreliable information on the h^beenVevS? affairs of New Netherland; that it is retrograding more and more, to the injury afore Jfd'to'ihe DiS of thls State and its inhabitants, it is demanded: paties Noortwvfe Uuyst van Voor hout, Tienhovei and &warzenberg.

Report on the Condition of the Colony of New Netherland, in 1638. [ From the Original in the Koj-al A rchives at the Hague Loketkas of the Stales General : ; Division, Vest Indische Oompagnie, No. 8. ]

leV^he^Aw^mbiy Whcreas the Lords States General obtain unreliable information on the h^beenVevS? affairs of New Netherland; that it is retrograding more and more, to the injury afore Jfd'to'ihe DiS of thls State and its inhabitants, it is demanded: paties Noortwvfe Uuyst van Voor hout, Tienhovei and &warzenberg.

;

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Their High Mightinesses granted, Anno 1614, to Jonas Witzen and Tweenhuyzen, by special charter, and on the expiration tliereof to the West India Company from Virginia to wit, from Ci9apoa,' along the sea coast to Newfoundland.

2. Are these limits still in the possession, at the present time, of the West India Company, and the inliabitants of this country? We occupy Mauritius or the North River; where there are two forts, Orange and Amsterdam and there is, moreover, one House ^ built by the Company, and that is the most of the population.

3. If not, what nations have seized them; and by what right and under what pretext? The right, is that of the strongest. The English extend from the northeast of New England unto the Fresh River.

4. Can the Company retain the remaining territory; and by what means? If there be people, the remainder can be maintained; from the North river, men can go into the interior as far as they please.

We occupy Mauritius or the North River; where there are two forts, Orange and Amsterdam and there is, moreover, one House ^ built by the Company, and that is the most of the population.

3. If not, what nations have seized them; and by what right and under what pretext? The right, is that of the strongest. The English extend from the northeast of New England unto the Fresh River.

4. Can the Company retain the remaining territory; and by what means? If there be people, the remainder can be maintained; from the North river, men can go into the interior as far as they please.

5. What Christian nations are neighbors, above and below? The English enclose us from Virginia unto New England; and as much farther as our's have been.

6. Has the Company realized profit or loss, since the planting of New Netherland? Loss. But it could afford profit, principally from grain.

7. And in case of loss, and tlieir High Mightinesses consider it advantageous to preserve the limits of New Netherland, and to establish the population on a better and surer footing -- The Company cannot people it; because the Company cannot agree among themselves; but a plan of throwing it open, must be considered.

8. Whether it would not, therefore, be expedient to place the district of New Netherland at the disposal of the States General? They have no intention so to do; unless they derived profit by it. But they hope, now that they have taken some order about Brazil, that it will prove a source of profit in time. They propose to surrender the trade with the Indians, or something else. Nothing comes from NeVY Netherland but beaver skins, mincks, and other furs; considerable grain could be raised there in course of time.

Whether it would not, therefore, be expedient to place the district of New Netherland at the disposal of the States General? They have no intention so to do; unless they derived profit by it. But they hope, now that they have taken some order about Brazil, that it will prove a source of profit in time. They propose to surrender the trade with the Indians, or something else. Nothing comes from NeVY Netherland but beaver skins, mincks, and other furs; considerable grain could be raised there in course of time.

Note. Tlie questions in the above paper were propounded by the States General, and the answers are by Mr. Rutger Huygens who, with seven other gentlemen, was appointed by the States General, on the 23d of February, 1638, to preside at the Assembly of the XIX. of the West India Company, at the Hague. " Chesapeake. " Meaning, probably, the House of Good Hope, on the Connecticut River; now, Hartford. -- Ed.

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108 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS.

Mr. Joacliimi to the States General. [ From tie Original in the Royal ArcliiTes at (he Ilagae ; File, Engdand. ]

High and Mighty Lords!

My Lords !

Your High Mightinesses will see, by the accompanying papers, the resolution of the Lords of the King's Council on my application to his Majesty respecting letters of reprisal granted to George Henley and his associates, also to Polhil, and regarding that of the intercourse. I have added thereunto copy of the answer of the Committee of the council of the ix March 1635. (that is, of the xix March 1636, new style) quoted by their Lordships in this resolution of the xxv

Your High Mightinesses will see, by the accompanying papers, the resolution of the Lords of the King's Council on my application to his Majesty respecting letters of reprisal granted to George Henley and his associates, also to Polhil, and regarding that of the intercourse. I have added thereunto copy of the answer of the Committee of the council of the ix March 1635. (that is, of the xix March 1636, new style) quoted by their Lordships in this resolution of the xxv

April 1638, English style. I objected to the aforesaid answer before I went in the year 1636 to Netherland. On the xviii"" instant, I was told that vessels lay in the river ready to proceed to sea with letters of reprisal. On which advice I, the next day, requested audience of the King, and this being granted me on Thursday the xx"", I reminded his Majesty that last April I had spoken to him, and submitted divers reasons in opposition to the abovementioned reprisals, and that I had received a favorable answer. I further stated that the matter was afterwards brought before the Lords of the Council, and that it has come to my knowledge that ships are ready to proceed to sea, to put the aforesaid letters into execution, without further answer having been communicated to me. Fori had not seen the aforesaid resolution, though I knew its contents. And whereas your High Mightinesses' affairs would be incommoded by the execution thereof; friends scandalized, and the enemy be furnished with cause to rejoice. I prayed his majesty to order the letters to be annulled, and to consider whether the execution thereof would not be prejudicial to the affairs of the Elector Count Palatine. His Majesty immediately said, that he should have their execution stopped and as I urged him thereto, he ;

Fori had not seen the aforesaid resolution, though I knew its contents. And whereas your High Mightinesses' affairs would be incommoded by the execution thereof; friends scandalized, and the enemy be furnished with cause to rejoice. I prayed his majesty to order the letters to be annulled, and to consider whether the execution thereof would not be prejudicial to the affairs of the Elector Count Palatine. His Majesty immediately said, that he should have their execution stopped and as I urged him thereto, he ;

added, that he would not allow the letters to be put in force without my being informed of the fact. As soon as I had taken my departure, the King spoke to Secretary Coke who was in the closet, and on next day, it being Whitsuntide, proceeded to the country, where I have waited on him and understood that he hath given orders to have the ships detained. I respectfully pray your High Mightinesses not to delay any longer your deliberations on the aforesaid matter, and to be pleased to communicate to me your resolutions thereupon. It is now reported here, that Polhil hath long since had two ships at sea to execute his letters of reprisal. It is to be observed on this point, as well as on the reasons on which the Lords of the Council seem to found their resolution :

That in the year 1633, William Clobery, David Morehead and John de la Barre cohiplained, that they were injured by some Dutchmen resident in New Netherland, who had obstructed them in their trade in those parts, as they represented. The aforesaid persons have demeaned themselves to this time very discreetly, and would not have voluntarily brought their complaints into court. In the following year, 1634, I wrote, and sent the depositions on this subject, to your High Mightinesses, as your High Mightinesses will please to observe by the copy of my letter accompanying this.

That in the year 1633, William Clobery, David Morehead and John de la Barre cohiplained, that they were injured by some Dutchmen resident in New Netherland, who had obstructed them in their trade in those parts, as they represented. The aforesaid persons have demeaned themselves to this time very discreetly, and would not have voluntarily brought their complaints into court. In the following year, 1634, I wrote, and sent the depositions on this subject, to your High Mightinesses, as your High Mightinesses will please to observe by the copy of my letter accompanying this. For a good while I have not heard of this matter, and thought that it was abandoned or had died. On the xiii"" instant, two of the aforesaid persons came to me, and inquired what had they to expect in their case. From their language, I could infer that they had spoken with some Lords of Council. More than one suit will arise out of this, if the matter be not arranged.

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS: IL 109 The Irish Officer, whose house has been hired by Captain Jan Reierssen, has not come near me any more, since I wrote to your High Mightinesses. If he be in Holland and receive no satisfaction there, it will be very requisite to send over well verified excuses, or he will be able to obtain letters of reprisal with very little trouble. In my last of the xii instant, I wrote that a certain Judge had distinctly advised that, under present circumstances, the ship money may not be levied off the inhabitants of England, without consent of Parliament. It is since rumored, that a Divine, who hath a good prebend and visits the house of one of the aristocracy, had intruded into a chamber at Westminster where the Judges sat; among the rest Into his whose advice is mentioned above.

In my last of the xii instant, I wrote that a certain Judge had distinctly advised that, under present circumstances, the ship money may not be levied off the inhabitants of England, without consent of Parliament. It is since rumored, that a Divine, who hath a good prebend and visits the house of one of the aristocracy, had intruded into a chamber at Westminster where the Judges sat; among the rest Into his whose advice is mentioned above. And the aforesaid Divine there told the said Judge openly, that he had committed high treason. I

have not since heard whether he hath made public in what the Judge's guilt consisted. The aforesaid Divine was thereupon arrested. A lord of the Council told me on the xx"" of this month, that the Scotch Lords, mentioned in a previous letter, have gone to Scotland with some Bishops, except the Marquess of Hamilton,^ who has remained here on account of the sickness of his wife, who died on the above mentioned day. The duchess of Chevreuse is still at Court, whither she was brought at the King's expense. The Landgrave John of Darmstadt, as I have it from source certain, has had no business herehe came hither, fearing that an effort ;

would be made to use him against the Duke of Wymar, his father fvetier), whom he respects. The Heer Roo^ proceeded hence to Gravesend on Friday, on his way to Hamburgh, and Sir Richard Keeff to Holland, with money, cannon, and munition of war for the Elector Count Palatine. Said Roo told me that he is well assured of the good intention of the King, his master, and that he hopes to make quick business if the other ambassadors are as willing and as fully authorized as he. There is not so much opposition here to the double toll or custom which the King of Denmark exacts in the Sound from those who frequent the Bailie, as to the toll on the Elbe at Glukstad.

Said Roo told me that he is well assured of the good intention of the King, his master, and that he hopes to make quick business if the other ambassadors are as willing and as fully authorized as he. There is not so much opposition here to the double toll or custom which the King of Denmark exacts in the Sound from those who frequent the Bailie, as to the toll on the Elbe at Glukstad. Of the first it is said, the King hath incurred expense, and that it is levied only once and of the toll on the Elbe, that it is not reasonable that the aforesaid ;

King, because he hath built a town or. city, should shut up a free river, contrary to the constitutions of the Kingdom. From intercepted letters here, it is understood that Gallas hath instructions to occupy the forts he can take between the Weser and the Rhine, with a view to cut your High Mightinesses off' from Germany. The Spanish ambassador took his leave of the King to day. The Envoy from Morocco left London on Thursday last. The Lord High Admiral of England is very sick the virtuous wish he may recover. ;

Herewith will this end and, after my humble salutations to your High Mightinesses, I pray God High and Mighty Lords, that He may bless your High Mightinesses' deliberations and government. Your Migh Mightinesses' Most obedient servant London, the xxii"" May, 163S. (Signed) Alb. Joachixmi Received, 14"" June, 1638. 1638.

The Spanish ambassador took his leave of the King to day. The Envoy from Morocco left London on Thursday last. The Lord High Admiral of England is very sick the virtuous wish he may recover. ;

Herewith will this end and, after my humble salutations to your High Mightinesses, I pray God High and Mighty Lords, that He may bless your High Mightinesses' deliberations and government. Your Migh Mightinesses' Most obedient servant London, the xxii"" May, 163S. (Signed) Alb. Joachixmi Received, 14"" June, 1638. 1638.

'James, 3d Marquess, and IstDuke, of Hamilton, and 5th Earl of Arran, K. G., was born in 1606 and succeeded to the title in 1623. He was created a Duke in 1643, and in 1648, had the command of an army that was raised and marched into England for the relief of Charles I., but was defeated at Preston, when his Grace was taken prisoner. He was beheaded on the 9th March, 1649, a few weeks after his Royal Master had suffered the same fate, and died with undaunted courage. -- Ed. 'Sir Thomas Roe.

110 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS.

Suhject of lieference for the Assembly of the XIX. 1638.

[ From the Original in Ihe Royal Archives at the Hague ; File, West Itidie. ]

Points of Reference on which all the Chambers of the West India Company are summoned to Middelburg for the 5"" July 1638 ; extracted so far as they relate to the a'fTairs of New Netherland. Exhibited 12"" June, 1638. IS'h Point.

He was beheaded on the 9th March, 1649, a few weeks after his Royal Master had suffered the same fate, and died with undaunted courage. -- Ed. 'Sir Thomas Roe.

110 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS.

Suhject of lieference for the Assembly of the XIX. 1638.

[ From the Original in Ihe Royal Archives at the Hague ; File, West Itidie. ]

Points of Reference on which all the Chambers of the West India Company are summoned to Middelburg for the 5"" July 1638 ; extracted so far as they relate to the a'fTairs of New Netherland. Exhibited 12"" June, 1638. IS'h Point.

They shall come also prepared to consider, resume and if necessary improve the direction of New Netherland, Curasao, Cape de Verd, Senegal, Sierra Leone, the Wild Coast, Fernando, Noronho, and Colonies planted here and there. And for this purpose bring along all books and papers for information therein.

Proposed Articles for the Colonization and Trade of Netv Netherland.

[ From the Original in the Royal Archives, at the Hague ; File, West Indie. ]

Exhibited 30"" August 1638. Articles and Conditions drawn up and Report 2 Septemb'' 163S. published by the Chamber of Amsterdam, with the approbation of their High Mightinesses, Referred to Mess" Arnhem Noortuyn, the States General of the United Netherlands, Noortwyck, Weede, Priussen, Vosbergen, in conformity to the authority of theXIX on ;

Donkel and Coenders, to view, examine and which the respective Lands and Places in and report hereon. Their High Mightinesses' around New Netherland shall, from now deputies shall be empowered to proceed henceforward, be traded to, frequented and forthwith. Done SO"" August 1638. settled, according to such form of government Signed, Corn^ Musch 1638. and police as may at present, or shall hereafter, be established there by the Company or its agents.

Articles and Conditions drawn up and Report 2 Septemb'' 163S. published by the Chamber of Amsterdam, with the approbation of their High Mightinesses, Referred to Mess" Arnhem Noortuyn, the States General of the United Netherlands, Noortwyck, Weede, Priussen, Vosbergen, in conformity to the authority of theXIX on ;

Donkel and Coenders, to view, examine and which the respective Lands and Places in and report hereon. Their High Mightinesses' around New Netherland shall, from now deputies shall be empowered to proceed henceforward, be traded to, frequented and forthwith. Done SO"" August 1638. settled, according to such form of government Signed, Corn^ Musch 1638. and police as may at present, or shall hereafter, be established there by the Company or its agents.

1. The Company hereby retains to itself, and to such officers to whom it shall commit the execution thereof, all high and low jurisdiction, together with the exercise of this and other appendages of public affairs ; in order that its Governors, officers and all others employed by it, may administer, regulate, manage and execute the same, under their High Mightinesses, according to the instructions to be given thereon from time to time, without it being permitted to any to oppose them directly or indirectly, on pain of correction according to circumstances, as violaters and disturbers of the public peace.

2. And inasmuch as it is of the highest importance, that, in the Crst commencement and settlement of this population, proper arrangement be made for Divine worship, according to the practice establishedby the government of this country. Religion shall be taught and preached there according to the Confession and formularies of union here publicly accepted in the respective churches, with which everyone shall be satisfied and content, without, however,

The Company hereby retains to itself, and to such officers to whom it shall commit the execution thereof, all high and low jurisdiction, together with the exercise of this and other appendages of public affairs ; in order that its Governors, officers and all others employed by it, may administer, regulate, manage and execute the same, under their High Mightinesses, according to the instructions to be given thereon from time to time, without it being permitted to any to oppose them directly or indirectly, on pain of correction according to circumstances, as violaters and disturbers of the public peace.

2. And inasmuch as it is of the highest importance, that, in the Crst commencement and settlement of this population, proper arrangement be made for Divine worship, according to the practice establishedby the government of this country. Religion shall be taught and preached there according to the Confession and formularies of union here publicly accepted in the respective churches, with which everyone shall be satisfied and content, without, however,

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS : IL 111 it being inferred from this, that any person shall be hereby in any wise constrained or aggrieved in his conscience, but every man shall be free to live up to his own in peace and decorum ;

provided he avoid frequenting any forbidden assemblies or conventicles, much less collect or get up any such ; and further abstain from all public scandals and offences, which the magistrate is charged to prevent by all fitting reproofs and admonitions, and if necessary, to advise the Company, from time to time, of what may occur there herein, so that confusions and misunderstandings may be timely obviated and prevented.

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS : IL 111 it being inferred from this, that any person shall be hereby in any wise constrained or aggrieved in his conscience, but every man shall be free to live up to his own in peace and decorum ;

provided he avoid frequenting any forbidden assemblies or conventicles, much less collect or get up any such ; and further abstain from all public scandals and offences, which the magistrate is charged to prevent by all fitting reproofs and admonitions, and if necessary, to advise the Company, from time to time, of what may occur there herein, so that confusions and misunderstandings may be timely obviated and prevented.

3. The Company shall make arrangements through their agents, that all forts, strongholds, and public places which have been, or may be hereafter, built there, shall be properly maintained, preserved and improved to the best advantage of the commonalty, and that the general assessment to be paid for the erection and construction thereof, shall be levied and collected with the least inconvenience to the respective inhabitants, without it being in the power of the Director or his Council, to levy any tax before the Company be advised thereof, and its consent be obtained. Which assessment remain specially affected to such shall works and charges, for the maintenance whereof, they were at the commencement voted and granted.

4. And in order that greater attention be paid to the cultivation and settlement of those countries, and that no one be excluded, by private possession and occupation, from the use of the public waters, creeks, bays and rivers, and from appropriating any islands, sandspits and dry marshes therein situate; all these shall belong first to the Company, which promises to make such arrangements, through the Director and Council there, touching the use thereofi that all the inhabitants of those parts shall derive therefrom the greatest possible profit and advantage, unless the Company may, by actual experience, deem it advisable to make other disposition therein, which resolution and disposition every one shall be bound to observe, without any trouble or opposition.

And in order that greater attention be paid to the cultivation and settlement of those countries, and that no one be excluded, by private possession and occupation, from the use of the public waters, creeks, bays and rivers, and from appropriating any islands, sandspits and dry marshes therein situate; all these shall belong first to the Company, which promises to make such arrangements, through the Director and Council there, touching the use thereofi that all the inhabitants of those parts shall derive therefrom the greatest possible profit and advantage, unless the Company may, by actual experience, deem it advisable to make other disposition therein, which resolution and disposition every one shall be bound to observe, without any trouble or opposition. And if, however, any one happen to contravene the same, he shall be corrected and brought to his duty by public authority.

5. Equal justice shall be administered, in all civil and criminal matters, to all inhabitants

and others who frequent that country, according to the form of procedure, and the laws and customs already made, or to be hereafter enacted. Expressly charging every officer to contribute actively and firmly hereunto in his station, as far as needs may be and that without ;

any regard of person or persons, even though the matter be such as to concern the Company itself particularly; in which case the judges shall be specially bound to declare on oath, that

they will not follow any other order or law, than such as all private persons are obliged to obey and respect.

Expressly charging every officer to contribute actively and firmly hereunto in his station, as far as needs may be and that without ;

any regard of person or persons, even though the matter be such as to concern the Company itself particularly; in which case the judges shall be specially bound to declare on oath, that

they will not follow any other order or law, than such as all private persons are obliged to obey and respect.

6. And whereas all the population cannot be settled on one place, but must be disposed according to the inclination of those going thither, and the circumstances of affairs there, each inhabitant shall be bound willingly to accept, and honestly and faithfully to discharge at his place of residence, according to his oath and troth and the instructions given concerning the same, all public burthens and duties, such as the office of magistrate and those of honor or authority; also, those in any way relating to works of piety, such as churches, without claiming any recompense or reward for so doing. But such charges and offices as are burdensome, and demand the occupation of the whole of a person's time, shall be remunerated at the discretion

112 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS.

of the Director and his Council, on condition of giving the Company notification thereof, and obtaining its approbation therefor.

7. No public servants, whether Director, councillors, military commanders, commissaries, skippers, nor any others in the receipt of ordinary wages from the Company, shall, unless permitted so to do, be at liberty to carry on any trade either for themselves, or as factors, or on commission for others, much less undertake any farms or bouweries ; but be content with their ordinary wages. And if they happen to transgress herein, they shall immediately be deprived of such offices and qualities as they may be invested with, and forfeit, moreover, their earned monthly wages and any purchased lands and goods which may be discovered contrary to this article in their possession, or the value thereof, should they have traded or conveyed those away; and the respective officers and justices are commanded to enforce the execution hereof, without any connivance.

And if they happen to transgress herein, they shall immediately be deprived of such offices and qualities as they may be invested with, and forfeit, moreover, their earned monthly wages and any purchased lands and goods which may be discovered contrary to this article in their possession, or the value thereof, should they have traded or conveyed those away; and the respective officers and justices are commanded to enforce the execution hereof, without any connivance.

8. Each householder and inhabitant shall bear such tax and public charge as shall hereafter be considered proper for the maintenance of Clergymen, comforters of the sick, schoolmasters and such like necessary officers; and the Director and Council there shall be written to touching the form hereof, in order, on receiving further information hereupon, it be rendered the least onerous and vexatious.

9. The inhabitants shall be at liberty to build there for themselves, or for such others as shall instruct or commission them thereunto, all descriptions of craft, either large or small, and with such vessels and no others, ascend and descend all rivers, and prosecute their their lawful trade and barter, as well as trade therewith along the entire coast, from Florida to Newfoundland. And in case they happen, in the course of such voyage, to take any of the enemy's ships, they shall bring such to the place of residence of the Director there, to be by him either distributed, or sent hither; one-third part for the benefit of the Company, and two-thirds for the captor, provided, if the prize come over here, the proper share for the Company shall be first deducted.

The inhabitants shall be at liberty to build there for themselves, or for such others as shall instruct or commission them thereunto, all descriptions of craft, either large or small, and with such vessels and no others, ascend and descend all rivers, and prosecute their their lawful trade and barter, as well as trade therewith along the entire coast, from Florida to Newfoundland. And in case they happen, in the course of such voyage, to take any of the enemy's ships, they shall bring such to the place of residence of the Director there, to be by him either distributed, or sent hither; one-third part for the benefit of the Company, and two-thirds for the captor, provided, if the prize come over here, the proper share for the Company shall be first deducted.

10. And should any wares or merchandises from any neighboring place there, or from any other kingdom or country, be landed from any foreign ships on the coast of New Netherland and places circumjacent thereto, within the limits of our Charter and the Company's possessions, the said goods shall not be opened nor unloaded until they are duly entered, and the duties thereon paid; which, in consequence of the heavy expenses and charges the Company has to meet, and the great burdens lying on the inhabitants of this state, shall be reckoned at fifteen per cent on the estimated value of the said goods there; and thirty per cent on whatever shall be exported in said foreign vessels.

And should any wares or merchandises from any neighboring place there, or from any other kingdom or country, be landed from any foreign ships on the coast of New Netherland and places circumjacent thereto, within the limits of our Charter and the Company's possessions, the said goods shall not be opened nor unloaded until they are duly entered, and the duties thereon paid; which, in consequence of the heavy expenses and charges the Company has to meet, and the great burdens lying on the inhabitants of this state, shall be reckoned at fifteen per cent on the estimated value of the said goods there; and thirty per cent on whatever shall be exported in said foreign vessels.

11. The Company will take under its protection and safeguard, all those who resort to, or inhabit, said countries under the obedience of their High Mightinesses, the Lords States General; defend them against all assaults or attacks, coming either from within or without, with such force as it may at present have, or hereafter send, there: provided that every one, be he trader or inhabitant, who happens to be there, freely consent to be employed with others on such occasion for self defence, under command of the respective officers; and to this end, shall every male emigrant take with him, at his own cost, a musket and side arms, and be enrolled, in case of apparent danger, into companies or squads.

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS: IL 113

12. In case any person shall discover or find any minerals, vviietlier gold, silver or base

The Company will take under its protection and safeguard, all those who resort to, or inhabit, said countries under the obedience of their High Mightinesses, the Lords States General; defend them against all assaults or attacks, coming either from within or without, with such force as it may at present have, or hereafter send, there: provided that every one, be he trader or inhabitant, who happens to be there, freely consent to be employed with others on such occasion for self defence, under command of the respective officers; and to this end, shall every male emigrant take with him, at his own cost, a musket and side arms, and be enrolled, in case of apparent danger, into companies or squads.

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS: IL 113

12. In case any person shall discover or find any minerals, vviietlier gold, silver or base

metals, precious stones, crystals, marble, or such like, they shall, if discovered on the finder's own land, remain his property, on returning, after five years, one-fifth part of the proceeds, without deducting any of the expenses; and that, before such minerals or beforementioned specie shall profit him, or be removed from the place where they may be found; but for such as may be discovered on another man's property, or in the Company's domain, or on unappropriated land, the finder shall be rewarded according to the discretion of the Director and Council, unless they agree among themselves in a friendly manner; which agreement thus made, shall be observed.

13. In addition to these general Articles, another shall be introduced, to obey and respect such instructions, manifestoes and commands as have already been, or shall hereafter be

metals, precious stones, crystals, marble, or such like, they shall, if discovered on the finder's own land, remain his property, on returning, after five years, one-fifth part of the proceeds, without deducting any of the expenses; and that, before such minerals or beforementioned specie shall profit him, or be removed from the place where they may be found; but for such as may be discovered on another man's property, or in the Company's domain, or on unappropriated land, the finder shall be rewarded according to the discretion of the Director and Council, unless they agree among themselves in a friendly manner; which agreement thus made, shall be observed.

13. In addition to these general Articles, another shall be introduced, to obey and respect such instructions, manifestoes and commands as have already been, or shall hereafter be

issued, with the approbation of their High Mightinesses, relative to the settlement of the lands and trade of the country.

West I.ndia Co.mpaxy. Whereas the Directors of the Incorporated West India Company, Chamber at Amsterdam, are authorized by resolution of the XIX., to promote and improve the trade and population of New Netherland; they, therefore, with the approbation of their High Mightinesses, hereby make known to all and every the inhabitants of this state, or its allies and friends, who may be disposed to take up and cultivate any lands there, and to make use, for that purpose, of the harbors of these countries, that they may, henceforth, convey thither in the Company's ships, such cattle, merchandise and property as they siiall deem advisable; and receive the returns they or their agents may obtain therefor in those parts; on condition that all the goods shall first be brought to the Company's store, so as to be put on ship board all at once, in the

Whereas the Directors of the Incorporated West India Company, Chamber at Amsterdam, are authorized by resolution of the XIX., to promote and improve the trade and population of New Netherland; they, therefore, with the approbation of their High Mightinesses, hereby make known to all and every the inhabitants of this state, or its allies and friends, who may be disposed to take up and cultivate any lands there, and to make use, for that purpose, of the harbors of these countries, that they may, henceforth, convey thither in the Company's ships, such cattle, merchandise and property as they siiall deem advisable; and receive the returns they or their agents may obtain therefor in those parts; on condition that all the goods shall first be brought to the Company's store, so as to be put on ship board all at once, in the

best manner, on payment of the following duties and freights; and the Directors will take care that they shall be sent thither by the safest conveyance: -- On all merchandises going thither, there shall be paid to the Company here, a duty of ten per cent in money, proportionably to their value; and on those coming thence hither, fifteen per cent there, in kind or money, at the choice of the Company or its agent; eighty-five remaining for the owner. And if any one happen to commit an error, in the valuation of his goods, the Company shall be at liberty to take such goods, paying one-sixth more than they are entered at; but all concealed and smuggled goods, either in this country or that, which may be discovered to have been brought on board the Company's ships, by secret plans or other cunning contrivances, shall be immediately forfeited and confiscated to the profit of the said Company, without any right of action accruing thereby.

And if any one happen to commit an error, in the valuation of his goods, the Company shall be at liberty to take such goods, paying one-sixth more than they are entered at; but all concealed and smuggled goods, either in this country or that, which may be discovered to have been brought on board the Company's ships, by secret plans or other cunning contrivances, shall be immediately forfeited and confiscated to the profit of the said Company, without any right of action accruing thereby. For the freight of cattle and goods, which will be sent hence there, or thence here, the owners or factors, at the respective places of loading, shall agree with the Company or their agents, according to the value and condition thereof, until a final arrangement and plan be established; and the freight must be paid in money, at the place of unloading; and no person shall be permitted to touch or remove them, before he makes it appear that both the duties and the freight are fully paid. And one per cent additional for every month that they remain after being discharged, in the Company's stores; for all which the aforesaid cattle and goods shall be summarily taken in execution, or the owners personally spoken to, according to the choice of the Directors or their agents.

Vol. T. 1 -3

114 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. And whereas itCompany's intention to cause those countries to be peopled and is the brought into cultivation more and more, the Director and Council there shall be instructed to accommodate every one, according to his condition and means, with as much land as he can properly cultivate, either by himself or with his family. Which land, thus conceded to any person in the name of the Company, shall remain the property of him, his heirs or assigns, provided he shall pay to the Company, after it has been pastured or cultivated four years, the lawful tenths of all fruits, grain, seed, tobacco, cotton and such like, as well as of the increase of all sorts of cattle; of which property a proper deed shall be given, on condition that he truly undertake the cultivation or pasture thereof.

Which land, thus conceded to any person in the name of the Company, shall remain the property of him, his heirs or assigns, provided he shall pay to the Company, after it has been pastured or cultivated four years, the lawful tenths of all fruits, grain, seed, tobacco, cotton and such like, as well as of the increase of all sorts of cattle; of which property a proper deed shall be given, on condition that he truly undertake the cultivation or pasture thereof. Failing therein, he shall incur, in addition to the loss of such land, such penalties and fines as shall be rautually agreed on at the time of the grant. To which penalties and fines his successors and assigns shall be also bound. And in order to obviate all confusion and lasses, which have formerly arisen therefrom and are hereafter to be expected in a still graver degree, no one shall henceforward be allowed to possess or hold any lands or houses in those parts, that have not previously come through the hands of the Company. The Company, subject to the High and Mighty Lords States General, shall take care that the places and countries there shall be maintained in peace and quietness, in proper police and justice, under its ministers or their deputies, conformably to the regulations and instructions thereupon already established and issued, or to be hereafter enacted and given, upon a knowledge and experience of affairs. All those who will be inclined to go thither, to inhabit the country or to trade, shall severally declare under their signatures, that they will voluntarily submit to these regulations, and to the orders of the Company, and shall allow all questions and differences there arising to be decided by the ordinary courts of justice, which shall be established in that country, and freely suffer there the execution of the sentences and verdicts, w'itliout any further opposition.

All those who will be inclined to go thither, to inhabit the country or to trade, shall severally declare under their signatures, that they will voluntarily submit to these regulations, and to the orders of the Company, and shall allow all questions and differences there arising to be decided by the ordinary courts of justice, which shall be established in that country, and freely suffer there the execution of the sentences and verdicts, w'itliout any further opposition. And shall pay, for passage and board in the state room, one guilder, in the cabin (huttc), twelve stivers, and between decks eight stivers, per diem.

Resolution of the States General, referring the preceding Articles to a Committee. [ From the Eegister of West India Affairs, 163S--1651, in llie Eoyal Archives at tlie Hague. ]

Monday, 30"" August, 1638. aienr (Ui^iuli. Sicur Johan de Laet having presented and exhibited to the Assembly of their High Mightinesses the Articles and Conditions drawn up for their High Mightinesses' New Netheriand. approbation, whcreupoH the respective places and countries in and around New Netherland are, from now henceforth, to be traded to, frequented and settled. It is, after previous deliberation, resolved and concluded that the aforesaid Articles and Conditions be placed in the hands of Mess" Arnhem, Noortwyck, Vosbergen, Weede, Pruyssen, Donckel and Conders, to view and examine them and to report. The said Deputies of their High Mightinesses may proceed forthwith thereupon.

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS: II. 115

Re-solution of the States General^ on the precedbig Articles and Conditions. [ From the Register of West India affairs, 163S-- 1651, in the Koyal Archives at the Hague.]

It is, after previous deliberation, resolved and concluded that the aforesaid Articles and Conditions be placed in the hands of Mess" Arnhem, Noortwyck, Vosbergen, Weede, Pruyssen, Donckel and Conders, to view and examine them and to report. The said Deputies of their High Mightinesses may proceed forthwith thereupon.

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS: II. 115

Re-solution of the States General^ on the precedbig Articles and Conditions. [ From the Register of West India affairs, 163S-- 1651, in the Koyal Archives at the Hague.]

Thursday, 2 September, 1638. Foiio 9. Heard the report of Mess" Arnhem, Noortwyck, Vosbergen, Weede, Donckel and Conders ( M"' Pruyssen having gone away) who, pursuant to their High Mightinesses' Conditions and Ar- resolution of the SO"" of August last, viewed and examined the Articles and tides, according to which New Nether- Conditions agreed to by the Amsterdam Chamber, with the approbation of their land IS to be resort- o j rr '

®^"'- High Mightinesses, according to which the respective countries and places in New Netherland and its circumjacents should henceforth be traded to, frequented and inhabited. Also is submitted and exhibited to the Assembly another New Project,' likewise proposed on the aforesaid subject. Which being taken into deliberation, their High Mightinesses have resolved and concluded to hereby declare that the aforesaid Articles, drawn up by the Amsterdam Chamber, are, in their present form, not adapted to the service and promotion of the Colonies of New Netherland and their High Mightinesses, therefore, resolved that the said drafted ;

Articles and Conditions be again returned to Sieur Johan de Laet, Director of the West India Company, to which is to be adjoined the aforesaid New Project, to be communicated to the Chamber of the West India Company at Amsterdam, and to tell it, on the part of their High Mightinesses, to send some deputies hither by Monday next, the vi"" instant, in order that the entire case of New Netherland may be further viewed and examined with their High Mightinesses' former deputies their joint considerations on the aforesaid subject then to be ;

Articles and Conditions be again returned to Sieur Johan de Laet, Director of the West India Company, to which is to be adjoined the aforesaid New Project, to be communicated to the Chamber of the West India Company at Amsterdam, and to tell it, on the part of their High Mightinesses, to send some deputies hither by Monday next, the vi"" instant, in order that the entire case of New Netherland may be further viewed and examined with their High Mightinesses' former deputies their joint considerations on the aforesaid subject then to be ;

laid before their High Mightinesses' Assembly, to the end that such resolutions on the planting

of Colonies and stocking Cattle in New Netherland, may be adopted as shall be found to be most for the service of this State and the advantage of the Company.

Subject for the Consideration of the Assembly of the XIX., 1638. [ From the Original In the Royal Archives at the Hague. File Witt Indie. ]

Points of Reference, whereon all the Chamber of the West India Company are summoned to Middleburg for the S?"" September, 1638 ; extracted so far as relate to the affairs of New Netherland. Exhibited, g"" September, 1638. 17"> Point.

They shall come prepared to attend to, resume, and if necessary amend, the management of New Netherland, Curasao, Cape de Verd, Senegal, Sierra Leone, the Wild Coast, Fernando Noronho, and Colonies planted here and there, and for that purpose, bring with them all books and papers for information.

Points of Reference, whereon all the Chamber of the West India Company are summoned to Middleburg for the S?"" September, 1638 ; extracted so far as relate to the affairs of New Netherland. Exhibited, g"" September, 1638. 17"> Point.

They shall come prepared to attend to, resume, and if necessary amend, the management of New Netherland, Curasao, Cape de Verd, Senegal, Sierra Leone, the Wild Coast, Fernando Noronho, and Colonies planted here and there, and for that purpose, bring with them all books and papers for information.

' See supra, p 90. -- Ed.

IIG NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS.

Resolution of the States General, to ixiy Kiliaea Van liensselaer his Accoxmt. [ From the Register of ResolutionB of the States General, remaining in the Royal Archives at the Hague. ]

Friday, 28"" January, 1639. Foi. 2s. Presented and read to the Assembly the account of Kiliaen Van Renselaer and cienck, George Everard Klenck, ordered by their High Mightinesses in February, 1637, to come hither, amounting to forty-three guilders and four stivers. After previous deliberation, it is resolved and concluded that an order for the aforesaid sura shall be issued on the above accoupt,

Directors of the Enchhuyzen Chamber of the West India Company to the States General.

[ From the Original in the Royal Archives at the Hague ; File, Wist Indie. ]

High and Mighty Lords. Your High Mightinesses' letter, dated 31" December, 1638, with the annexed memorial of the Hon^'''= M'^ Spieringh, Resident of the Crown of Sweden, was handed to us on the 13"" instant, but the previous one, dated 25"' October, has not been received. As soon as we had seen the tenor of your High Mightinesses' said letter, we were prepared to obey your High Mightinesses' order and command, and with that view, sent an express immediately to Medenblick, which brings us the following information :

Your High Mightinesses' letter, dated 31" December, 1638, with the annexed memorial of the Hon^'''= M'^ Spieringh, Resident of the Crown of Sweden, was handed to us on the 13"" instant, but the previous one, dated 25"' October, has not been received. As soon as we had seen the tenor of your High Mightinesses' said letter, we were prepared to obey your High Mightinesses' order and command, and with that view, sent an express immediately to Medenblick, which brings us the following information :

That on the arrival of the ship there, our brother Director, wishing to attend to, and take care of, the import duty, granted and conveyed by your High Mightinesses to the Company, sent for the skipper of that ship; in whose absence the pilot appeared, and being asked. Where he came from and what his freight was? answered. From the West Indies, and the cargo, tobacco. Being further asked, respecting the quantity thereof, said thereunto, that he was not obliged to give that information, as he did not know who made the inquiry. The quality of our confrere being made known to hini; he persisted in his previous answer, adding, I am no skipper, and the ship is going home to Sweden, and had her Majesty's letters; which being demanded, were refused to be shown. Whereupon, the pilot having departed, he returned shortly after, saying, Our skipper has just arrived. Which skipper being sent for, he answered. Whoever wants to speak with, or has any thing to say to me, may come to me; so that the Director had the said skipper summoned by the city marshal to produce his commission ; this,

The quality of our confrere being made known to hini; he persisted in his previous answer, adding, I am no skipper, and the ship is going home to Sweden, and had her Majesty's letters; which being demanded, were refused to be shown. Whereupon, the pilot having departed, he returned shortly after, saying, Our skipper has just arrived. Which skipper being sent for, he answered. Whoever wants to speak with, or has any thing to say to me, may come to me; so that the Director had the said skipper summoned by the city marshal to produce his commission ; this,

however, he would not do, but again answered as above. Such being the case, the ship was placed under arrest. Notice having been given us thereof, we immediately sent one of our Chamber thither, who, with the Director at Medenblik, spoken to the skipper. He then exhibited his commission from the Crown of Sweden. This done, the arrest was at once removed and he was allowed to depart with the ship, as soon as he pleased whereupon, he ;

took his departure without any discontent or verbal protest. This, High and Mighty Lords, is the true state and circumstances of the case regarding the above mentioned ship; whereby your High Mightinesses can perceive how honestly every thing was transacted, doubting not but,

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS: IL 117

after this information, all cause of dissatisfaction will be removed from the Hon'''* Resident's mind ; which you, High and Mighty Lords, will please to promote to the best of your power. Herewith, High and Mighty Lords, we pray God, according to our humble supplication, to be pleased to grant your High Mightinesses, a prosperous government, for the welfare of our dear Fatherland. Your High Mightinesses' Humble Servants, The Directors of the West India Company, Chamber at Enchuyzen. (Signed,) Codde Van der Burgh.

after this information, all cause of dissatisfaction will be removed from the Hon'''* Resident's mind ; which you, High and Mighty Lords, will please to promote to the best of your power. Herewith, High and Mighty Lords, we pray God, according to our humble supplication, to be pleased to grant your High Mightinesses, a prosperous government, for the welfare of our dear Fatherland. Your High Mightinesses' Humble Servants, The Directors of the West India Company, Chamber at Enchuyzen. (Signed,) Codde Van der Burgh. Enchuyzen, 17"" January, Anno 1639. Jacob Volckaerts z Sailmaker. Received, 3L January, 1639.

Resolwtion of the States General on another Petition of Luhhert Van Dindagen. [ From the Register of West India affairs, 1638--1651, in the Royal Arcliives at the Hague. ]

Wednesday, the IS"" May, 1639. Foiio27. The further remonstrance presented to their High Mightinesses by and on the °'°' Sage""^"" behalf of Lubbert Van Dinclageu, late fiscal in New Netherland, in order to obtain satisfaction from the West India Company, respecting his claims, being read ; It is, after

previous deliberation, resolved and concluded, that this remonstrance be placed in the hands of their High Mightinesses' Deputies, who are to preside at the approaching Assembly of the XIX. of the above named Company, at Middelburg, in Zealand, to the end that the petitioner, by their means and intercession, may be aided in obtaining reasonable satisfaction from the above named Company, in regard of his aforesaid claims.

Resolution of the States General, instructing their Deputies.

[ From the Register of West India affairs, 1633--1651, in the Eoyal Archives at the Hague. ]

previous deliberation, resolved and concluded, that this remonstrance be placed in the hands of their High Mightinesses' Deputies, who are to preside at the approaching Assembly of the XIX. of the above named Company, at Middelburg, in Zealand, to the end that the petitioner, by their means and intercession, may be aided in obtaining reasonable satisfaction from the above named Company, in regard of his aforesaid claims.

Resolution of the States General, instructing their Deputies.

[ From the Register of West India affairs, 1633--1651, in the Eoyal Archives at the Hague. ]

Tuesday, IS" March, 1640. The report being read of Mess" Arnhem, Noortwyck, Croock, Amerongen, Walta Folio 80.

and Aldringa, (Mr. Ripperda absent) who viewed and examined, pursuant to their High Reference of the Mightinesscs' rcsolutiou of the 31" January last, the points of reference of the xlx. West India Company, sent over by the Chamber at Amsterdam to their High Mightinesses, to the end that the XIX. of the said Company should meet thereupon within said city. It is, after previous deliberation, resolved and concluded that their High Mightinesses' Deputies to the Assembly of the XIX., shall assist in deliberating, advising and concluding on the aforesaid points, as they shall find for the advantage of the country in general, and the West India Company in particular. But said Deputies are most especially enjoined to attend to the fifth point of the aforesaid reference, and to take care that no abuses be practiced under cover or occasion thereof, nor that any incovenience proceed from it also, ;

It is, after previous deliberation, resolved and concluded that their High Mightinesses' Deputies to the Assembly of the XIX., shall assist in deliberating, advising and concluding on the aforesaid points, as they shall find for the advantage of the country in general, and the West India Company in particular. But said Deputies are most especially enjoined to attend to the fifth point of the aforesaid reference, and to take care that no abuses be practiced under cover or occasion thereof, nor that any incovenience proceed from it also, ;

that the affairs of New Netherland be not only preserved, but likewise promoted, and that New Netherland may, by the most favorable conditions, be rendered agreeable to the inhabitants of

118 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. these countries. But as regards the trade of Guinea, no alteration shall be made therein, without their Higli Mightinesses' previous special consent. Further, their High Mightinesses have decided, in pursuance of their resolution of the 20"" September 1639, and the renewal thereof, v^hich follovped on the T"" November last, that the provinces of Guilderland, Zealand, Utrecht, Vriesland, and Overyssel, shall be again requested to consent to the augmentation of the capital which the States General invested in the aforesaid Company, and to introduce their resolution to that effect within the space of two months, or that their High Mightinesses shall then, after the aforesaid iterated request and prayer, be necessitated to allow the aforesaid capital to be increased by others, in order that the Company may be assisted by one or the other and the Deputies of the said Provinces have again undertaken to second, by their ;

Further, their High Mightinesses have decided, in pursuance of their resolution of the 20"" September 1639, and the renewal thereof, v^hich follovped on the T"" November last, that the provinces of Guilderland, Zealand, Utrecht, Vriesland, and Overyssel, shall be again requested to consent to the augmentation of the capital which the States General invested in the aforesaid Company, and to introduce their resolution to that effect within the space of two months, or that their High Mightinesses shall then, after the aforesaid iterated request and prayer, be necessitated to allow the aforesaid capital to be increased by others, in order that the Company may be assisted by one or the other and the Deputies of the said Provinces have again undertaken to second, by their ;

respective individual letters, their High Mightinesses' meaning and intention.

Resolution of the States General relative to an offer to send People to Neto Netlierland.

[ From the Register of West India affairs, 1633--1651, in the Eoyal Archives at the Hague. ]

Thursday, 31 May 1640. roiio 42. Mr. Van Reinswoude hath by express orders from the States of Utrecht dated

Ke™tive°'™sendiD l^"" April last, represented to their High Mightinesses that the Count of Solma eTvaMlis' fo^Ne^t' 's Well disposed to send to New Netherland some of his vassals, who have been a cotony there.'""" driveu out of the county of Solms by the war, for the purpose of planting colonies there, relating besides the offers his Lordship had made to the West India Company and the result; that the aforesaid company had refused him wiiat it had already granted to divers private individuals, as well traders as others. Whereupon, after deliberation, it is resolved and concluded that their High Mightinesses' Deputies, who are to attend the present Assembly of the XIX, shall there propose and urge free access to New Netherland for the said Count of Solms and other inhabitants of these countries, and for that purpose, that they bring over the Conditions which they were heretofore ordered to enact, that they be approved and ratified by their High Mightinesses, or in default thereof, their High Mightinesses will themselves give appropriate orders thereupon.

Whereupon, after deliberation, it is resolved and concluded that their High Mightinesses' Deputies, who are to attend the present Assembly of the XIX, shall there propose and urge free access to New Netherland for the said Count of Solms and other inhabitants of these countries, and for that purpose, that they bring over the Conditions which they were heretofore ordered to enact, that they be approved and ratified by their High Mightinesses, or in default thereof, their High Mightinesses will themselves give appropriate orders thereupon.

Hesolution of the States General on a New Draft of Freedoms and Exemptions. [ From the Register of West India affairs, 1633--1651, in the Eoyal Archives at the Hague. ]

Thursday, the 19 July, 1640. Folio 44. Elias de Raedt, Director of the Amsterdam Chamber, appeared in their High

rreednras°an'd''Ex- Mightiuesses Assembly furnished with a letter of credence dated 17"" instant, Patro.™ relative to and hath, in virtue thereof, delivered to their High Mightinesses a draft of NewNliherland.™ Freedoms and Exemptions for all Patroons, masters or private persons who will introduce any colonies or cattle into New Netherland. Whereupon deliberation being had, the provinces requested copy thereof, which is granted.

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS : IL 119

Proposed Freedoms and Exemptions for New Netlierland. 1640.

[ From the Original, in the Eoyal Archives at the Hague ; File, VTe^t Indie. ]

Freedoms and Exemptions granted and accorded by the Directors of the General Incorporated West India Company at the Assembly of the XIX., with the approbation of the High and Mighty Lords States General of the free United Netherlands, to all Patroons, Masters, or Private persons who will plant any Colonies or introduce cattle in New Netherland. Exhibited ID"" July, 1640.

[ From the Original, in the Eoyal Archives at the Hague ; File, VTe^t Indie. ]

Freedoms and Exemptions granted and accorded by the Directors of the General Incorporated West India Company at the Assembly of the XIX., with the approbation of the High and Mighty Lords States General of the free United Netherlands, to all Patroons, Masters, or Private persons who will plant any Colonies or introduce cattle in New Netherland. Exhibited ID"" July, 1640.

All good inhabitants of the Netherlands and all others inclined to plant any Colonies in New Netherland shall be at liberty to send three or four persons in the Company's ships going thither, to examine the circumstances there, on condition that they swear to the articles, as well as the officers and seamen, as far as they relate to them, and pay for board and passage out and home, to wit, those who eat in the master's cabin, fifteen stivers per day, and those who go and eat in the orlop, shall have their board and passage gratis, and in case of an attack, offensive or defensive, they shall be obliged to lend a hand with the others, on condition of receiving, should any of the enemy's ships be overcome, their share of the booty pro rata, each according to his quality, to wit -- the Colonists eating out of the Cabin shall be rated with the seamen, and those eating in the cabin with the Company's servants who board there and have the lowest rate of pay.

All good inhabitants of the Netherlands and all others inclined to plant any Colonies in New Netherland shall be at liberty to send three or four persons in the Company's ships going thither, to examine the circumstances there, on condition that they swear to the articles, as well as the officers and seamen, as far as they relate to them, and pay for board and passage out and home, to wit, those who eat in the master's cabin, fifteen stivers per day, and those who go and eat in the orlop, shall have their board and passage gratis, and in case of an attack, offensive or defensive, they shall be obliged to lend a hand with the others, on condition of receiving, should any of the enemy's ships be overcome, their share of the booty pro rata, each according to his quality, to wit -- the Colonists eating out of the Cabin shall be rated with the seamen, and those eating in the cabin with the Company's servants who board there and have the lowest rate of pay.

In the selection of lands, those who shall have first notified and presented themselves to the Company, whether Patroons or private Colonists, shall be preferred to others who may follow.

In case any one be deceived in selecting ground, or should the place by him chosen afterwards not please him, he will, upon previous representation to the Governor and Council then be at liberty to select another situation.

For Patroons and Feudatories of New Netherland, shall be acknowledged all such as shall ship hence, and plant there a Colonic of fifty souls, above fifteen years of age, within the space of three years after having made a declaration and given notice thereof, to some Chamber of the Company here or to the Governor or Council there; namely, one-third part within the year, and so forth, from year to year, until the number be completed; on pain of losing, through notorious neglect, the obtained Freedoms and cattle.

For Patroons and Feudatories of New Netherland, shall be acknowledged all such as shall ship hence, and plant there a Colonic of fifty souls, above fifteen years of age, within the space of three years after having made a declaration and given notice thereof, to some Chamber of the Company here or to the Governor or Council there; namely, one-third part within the year, and so forth, from year to year, until the number be completed; on pain of losing, through notorious neglect, the obtained Freedoms and cattle. But they shall be warned that the Company reserves the Island Manhattes to itself.

All Patroons and Feudatories shall, on requesting it, be granted Venia Testandi, or the power to dispose of, or bequeath, his fief by Will.

For Masters or Colonists, shall be acknowledged, those who will remove to New Netherland with five souls above fifteen years; to all such, our Governor there shall grant in property one hundred morgens, Rhineland measure, of land, contiguous one to the other, wherever they please to select.

And the Patroons, of themselves or by their agents, at the places where they will plant their Colonies, shall have the privilege to extend the latter one mile (consisting of, or estimated at,

120 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. IGOO Rhineland perches) along the coast, bay, or a navigable river, and two contiguous miles landward in; it being well understood, that no two Patroonships shall be selected on both sides of a river or bay, right opposite to each other; and that the Company retains to itself the property of the lands lying between the limits of the Colonies, to dispose thereof hereafter according to its pleasure; and that the Patroons and Colonists shall be obliged to give each other an outlet and issue, (uytteweeghen ende uyttewateren) at the nearest place and at the smallest expense; and in case of disagreement, it shall be settled in the presence and by the decision of the Governor for the time being.

IGOO Rhineland perches) along the coast, bay, or a navigable river, and two contiguous miles landward in; it being well understood, that no two Patroonships shall be selected on both sides of a river or bay, right opposite to each other; and that the Company retains to itself the property of the lands lying between the limits of the Colonies, to dispose thereof hereafter according to its pleasure; and that the Patroons and Colonists shall be obliged to give each other an outlet and issue, (uytteweeghen ende uyttewateren) at the nearest place and at the smallest expense; and in case of disagreement, it shall be settled in the presence and by the decision of the Governor for the time being.

The Patroons shall forever possess all the lands situate within their limits, together with the produce, superficies, minerals, rivers and fountains thereof, with high, low and middle jurisdiction, hunting, fishing, fowling and milling, the lands remaining allodial, but the jurisdiction as of a perpetual hereditary fief, devolvable by death as well to females as to males, and fealty and homage for which is to be rendered to the Company, on each of such occasions,

with a pair of iron gauntlets, redeemable by twenty guilders within a year and six weeks, at the Assembly of the XIX., here, or before the Governor there; with this understanding, that in case of division of said fief or jurisdiction, be it high, middle or low, the parts shall be and remain of the same nature as was originally conferred on the whole, and fealty and homage must be rendered for each part thereof by a pair of iron gauntlets, redeemable by twenty guilders, as aforesaid.

with a pair of iron gauntlets, redeemable by twenty guilders within a year and six weeks, at the Assembly of the XIX., here, or before the Governor there; with this understanding, that in case of division of said fief or jurisdiction, be it high, middle or low, the parts shall be and remain of the same nature as was originally conferred on the whole, and fealty and homage must be rendered for each part thereof by a pair of iron gauntlets, redeemable by twenty guilders, as aforesaid.

And should any Patroon, in course of time, happen to prosper in his Colonie to such a degree as to be able to found one or more towns, he shall have authority to appoint officers and magistrates there, and make use of the title of his Colonie, according to the pleasure and the quality of the persons, all saving the Company's regalia.

And should it happen that the dwelling places of private Colonists become so numerous as to be accounted towns, villages or cities, the Company shall give orders respecting the subaltern government, magistrates and ministers of justice, who shall be nominated by the said towns and villages in a triple number of the best qualified, from which a choice and selection be made by the Governor and Council; and those shall determine all questions and suits is to

within their district.

The Patroons who will send Colonies thither, shall furnish them with due instruction agreeably to the mode of government both in police and justice established, or to be established, by the Assembly of the XIX., which they shall first exhibit to the Directors of the respective Chambers, and have approved by the Assembly of the XIX.

And should it happen that the dwelling places of private Colonists become so numerous as to be accounted towns, villages or cities, the Company shall give orders respecting the subaltern government, magistrates and ministers of justice, who shall be nominated by the said towns and villages in a triple number of the best qualified, from which a choice and selection be made by the Governor and Council; and those shall determine all questions and suits is to

within their district.

The Patroons who will send Colonies thither, shall furnish them with due instruction agreeably to the mode of government both in police and justice established, or to be established, by the Assembly of the XIX., which they shall first exhibit to the Directors of the respective Chambers, and have approved by the Assembly of the XIX.

The Patroons and Colonists shall have the privilege of sending their people and property there in the Company's ships, on condition of swearing allegiance, and paying to the Company for the conveyance of the people, as in the first article, and for freight of the goods requisite for their bouvvery, five per cent on the cost of the goods here, without, howevei-, including herein the cattle, on the freight of which the Company shall be liberal.

But in case it should come to pass that the Company have no ships to dispatch, or that there be no room in the sailing vessels, in such a case the Patroons and Colonists can, upon previously communicating their determination to, and obtaining the consent of the Company

The Patroons and Colonists shall have the privilege of sending their people and property there in the Company's ships, on condition of swearing allegiance, and paying to the Company for the conveyance of the people, as in the first article, and for freight of the goods requisite for their bouvvery, five per cent on the cost of the goods here, without, howevei-, including herein the cattle, on the freight of which the Company shall be liberal.

But in case it should come to pass that the Company have no ships to dispatch, or that there be no room in the sailing vessels, in such a case the Patroons and Colonists can, upon previously communicating their determination to, and obtaining the consent of the Company

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS: IL 121

in writing, send their own ships thither, provided, in going and returning, they shall not leave tlie ordinary track laid down, and take a supercargo, wiiose board shall be at the expense of the Patroons or Colonists, and whose wages shall be paid by the Company on ;

pain, in case of contravention, of forfeiting their ship and goods to, and for the behalf of, the Company, it remaining optional with the Patroons, during the term of the current grant, and no longer, to convey over their cattle, wares and people in the Company's ships, in their own or in chartered vessels.

And, whereas, it is the Company's intention first to settle the Island of the Manhattes, it

shall provisionally be the staple of all produce and wares accruing on the North river and the country thereabout, before they can be sent further, except those which by nature itself are useless there, or cannot be brought there except with great loss to the owners, in which case the latter shall be bound to give timely notice of such inconvenience to the Company here, or to the Governor and Council there, that it be provided for, according as the circumstances sliall be found to require.

shall provisionally be the staple of all produce and wares accruing on the North river and the country thereabout, before they can be sent further, except those which by nature itself are useless there, or cannot be brought there except with great loss to the owners, in which case the latter shall be bound to give timely notice of such inconvenience to the Company here, or to the Governor and Council there, that it be provided for, according as the circumstances sliall be found to require.

All Patroons, Colonists and inhabitants there, as well as the stockholders in the Company here, shall be privileged to sail and trade to the entire coast, from Florida to Newfoundland, on the following conditions: First, that all goods which will be sent hence for sale there, whether freighted by the Company,

or by Colonists, or the stockholders themselves, must be brought into the Company's stores for for inspection and payment of the proper duties, to wit: ten per cent on the cash cost of the article here, besides convoy-freight and average, an agreement being made for the freights of

what may be sent in the Company's ships; and bulk will not be allowed to be broken any where except at the Manhattes, or such place as the Company here may order, so as to be at liberty, after proper inspection of their loading and the entry thereof, to depart to whatever place they think proper.

And on the other wares which will be sent thence hither, shall be paid here, over and above the convoy duty granted by the State to the Company, five per cent, according to the valuation to be made here, on such penalty as aforesaid but an agreement must be made ;

what may be sent in the Company's ships; and bulk will not be allowed to be broken any where except at the Manhattes, or such place as the Company here may order, so as to be at liberty, after proper inspection of their loading and the entry thereof, to depart to whatever place they think proper.

And on the other wares which will be sent thence hither, shall be paid here, over and above the convoy duty granted by the State to the Company, five per cent, according to the valuation to be made here, on such penalty as aforesaid but an agreement must be made ;

with the Governor and Council there, for the freight of any of the goods that are being sent from there in the Company's ships, as aforesaid ; and on all beavers, otters and other peltries, which will be sent from there here, shall be paid to the Governor and Council there, ten per cent, all in kind, and due receipt for the payment thereof, shall be brought along, on pain of confiscation of all the furs which will be found not to have paid anything for the behoof of the Company, and with that to be exempt from further duty.

And in case said private ships, in going or coming, or in ranging along the coast from Florida to Newfoundland, happen to capture any prizes, they shall, in like manner be obliged to bring the same, or to cause the same to be brought, to the Governor and Council in New Netherland, or to the Chamber whence they respectively sailed, to be rewarded by them, and the third part thereof shall be retained for the Company, before deducting his Highness' and the State's portion, the two other third parts for themselves, in return for their incurred expenses and risk, all in pursuance of the Company's order.

And in case said private ships, in going or coming, or in ranging along the coast from Florida to Newfoundland, happen to capture any prizes, they shall, in like manner be obliged to bring the same, or to cause the same to be brought, to the Governor and Council in New Netherland, or to the Chamber whence they respectively sailed, to be rewarded by them, and the third part thereof shall be retained for the Company, before deducting his Highness' and the State's portion, the two other third parts for themselves, in return for their incurred expenses and risk, all in pursuance of the Company's order.

Vol. I. ] 6

122 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. In like manner they shall not be at liberty to depart thence with their goods obtained in barter, without first returning to the said place, to enter their goods there and to obtain proper clearance, signed by the Governor and Council, and they shall be bound to return to this country, with their ships and yachts, to the place they sailed from, in order to discharge all their freight into the Company's stores, according to the register and clearance to be brought from thence, on pain of forfeiting their ship and goods for the Company's behoof, should they go and break, bulk elsewhere, or have any unregistered goods on board.

The Company promises, during the continuance of the present charter and no longer, not to burden the Patroons and Colonists in that country, either with customs, toll, excise, imposts or any other contributions, and after the expiration hereof, at farthest, with no greater duty than is imposed on goods in this country.

In like manner they shall not be at liberty to depart thence with their goods obtained in barter, without first returning to the said place, to enter their goods there and to obtain proper clearance, signed by the Governor and Council, and they shall be bound to return to this country, with their ships and yachts, to the place they sailed from, in order to discharge all their freight into the Company's stores, according to the register and clearance to be brought from thence, on pain of forfeiting their ship and goods for the Company's behoof, should they go and break, bulk elsewhere, or have any unregistered goods on board.

The Company promises, during the continuance of the present charter and no longer, not to burden the Patroons and Colonists in that country, either with customs, toll, excise, imposts or any other contributions, and after the expiration hereof, at farthest, with no greater duty than is imposed on goods in this country.

The Company shall not take from the service of the Patroons or Colonists, their man servants or maid servants, even though some person should solicit it; nor receive them, much less suffer them to go from their master's service to that of another, during the term of such years as they are bound for ; and if any man servant or maid servant run away, or take his freedom contrary to contract, the Company shall, according to its means, cause such to be delivered into the hands of their masters, to be proceeded against according to the circumstances of the case.

The Company shall not take from the service of the Patroons or Colonists, their man servants or maid servants, even though some person should solicit it; nor receive them, much less suffer them to go from their master's service to that of another, during the term of such years as they are bound for ; and if any man servant or maid servant run away, or take his freedom contrary to contract, the Company shall, according to its means, cause such to be delivered into the hands of their masters, to be proceeded against according to the circumstances of the case.

From all definitive judgments pronounced by the Courts of the Patroons or Colonists, for

an amount exceeding one hundred guilders, or from such as entail infamy, also from all

sentences pronounced in matters criminal, on ordinary prosecution, conformable to the custom of this country, an appeal shall lie to the Governor and Council of the Company in New Netherland. All Patroons, Colonists and inhabitants are allowed free hunting and fishing, both by land and by water, generally in public woods and rivers in the extent of their lands, according to the order to be made thereupon by the Governor and Council and the Patroons exclusively within ;

the limits of their Colonies, with the clear understanding that the Governor and Council shall not be excluded therefrom.

All Patroons, inhabitants or Colonists, are also allowed to send ships along the coast of New Netherland and the countries circumjacent thereunto, to fish for Cod, &c., and to proceed with the catch straight to Italy or other neutral countries, on condition of paying to the Company for duty, in such case, six guilders per last, and on coming here with their freight, it shall be allowable and sufficient to pay the Company the custom dues alone, without conveying, under pretence of this consent, any other goods elsewhere, on pain of arbitrary punishment, it

All Patroons, inhabitants or Colonists, are also allowed to send ships along the coast of New Netherland and the countries circumjacent thereunto, to fish for Cod, &c., and to proceed with the catch straight to Italy or other neutral countries, on condition of paying to the Company for duty, in such case, six guilders per last, and on coming here with their freight, it shall be allowable and sufficient to pay the Company the custom dues alone, without conveying, under pretence of this consent, any other goods elsewhere, on pain of arbitrary punishment, it

remaining at the pleasure of the Company to put a supercargo on board each ship, on such conditions and terms as hereinbefore set forth.

If any Patroons, inhabitants or Colonists happen by their industry, diligence or otherwise to discover any minerals, precious stones, crystals, marbles, pearlfisheries or such like within the limits of their lands, all such Patroons and Colonists shall give one-fifth part of the nett proceeds to the Company, which for this purpose shall have the power to appoint one or more inspectors, at the charge of said mines and pearlfisheries ; but any one finding such without their limits,

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS : H. 123

the same shall belong to the Company on paying the discoverer such premium as the merits of the case shall demand.

The Company shall take all Colonists, whether free or bound to service, under their protection, defend them as far as lies in their power with the force which it has there, against all domestic and foreign wars and violence, on condition that the Patroons and Colonists shall,

If any Patroons, inhabitants or Colonists happen by their industry, diligence or otherwise to discover any minerals, precious stones, crystals, marbles, pearlfisheries or such like within the limits of their lands, all such Patroons and Colonists shall give one-fifth part of the nett proceeds to the Company, which for this purpose shall have the power to appoint one or more inspectors, at the charge of said mines and pearlfisheries ; but any one finding such without their limits,

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS : H. 123

the same shall belong to the Company on paying the discoverer such premium as the merits of the case shall demand.

The Company shall take all Colonists, whether free or bound to service, under their protection, defend them as far as lies in their power with the force which it has there, against all domestic and foreign wars and violence, on condition that the Patroons and Colonists shall,

in such case, put themselves in a suitable state of defence for which purpose each male emigrant shall be obliged to provide himself, at his own expense, with a gun or musket of the Company's regular calibre, or a cutlass and side arms.

And no other Religion shall be publicly admitted in New Netherland except the Reformed, as it is at present preached and practiced by public authority in the United Netherlands ; and for this purpose the Company shall provide and maintain good and .suitable preachers, schoolmasters and comforters of the sick.

The particular Colonies which happen to lie on the respective rivers, bays or islands shall have the privilege (to wit, each river or island for itself) of designating a deputy who shall give the Governor and Council of that country information respecting his Colonic, and promote its interests with the Council ; one of which deputies shall be changed every two years, and all the Colonies shall be obliged to communicate to the Governor and Council there a pertinent report, at least every twelve months, of their condition and of the lands in their vicinity.

The particular Colonies which happen to lie on the respective rivers, bays or islands shall have the privilege (to wit, each river or island for itself) of designating a deputy who shall give the Governor and Council of that country information respecting his Colonic, and promote its interests with the Council ; one of which deputies shall be changed every two years, and all the Colonies shall be obliged to communicate to the Governor and Council there a pertinent report, at least every twelve months, of their condition and of the lands in their vicinity.

The Company shall exert itself to provide the Patroons and Colonists, on their order, with as many Blacks as possible, without however being further or longer obligated thereto than shall be agreeable.

The Company reserves unto itself all large and small tythes, all waifs, the right of mintage, laying out highways, erecting forts, making war and peace, together with all wildernesses,

founding of towns and churches, retaining the supreme authority, sovereignty and cities,

supremacy, the interpretation of all obscurity which may arise out of this Grant, with such understanding, however, that nothing herein contained shall alter or diminish what has been granted heretofore to the Patroons in regard to high, middle and low jurisdiction.

The Company shall, accordingly, appoint and keep there a Governor, competent Councillors, Officers and other Ministers of Justice for the protection of the good and the punishment of the wicked ; which Governor and Councillors, who are now, or may be hereafter, appointed by the Company, shall take cognizance, in the first instance, of matters appertaining to the freedom, supremacy, domain, finances and rights of the General West India Company ; of complaints which any one (whether stranger, neighbor or inhabitant of the aforesaid country) may may make in case of privilege, innovation, dissuetude, customs, usages, laws or pedigrees; declare the same corrupt or abolish them as bad, if circumstances so demand ; of the cases of minor children, widows, orphans and other unfortunate persons, regarding whom complaint shall first be made to the Council holding prerogative jurisdiction in order to obtain justice there; of all contracts or obligations ; of matters pertaining to possession of benefices, fiefs, cases of lesas majestatis, of religion and all criminal matters and excesses prescribed and unchallenged, and all persons by prevention may receive acquittance from matters there complained of; and generally take cognizance of, and administer law and justice in, all cases appertainining to the supremacy of the Company.

The Company shall, accordingly, appoint and keep there a Governor, competent Councillors, Officers and other Ministers of Justice for the protection of the good and the punishment of the wicked ; which Governor and Councillors, who are now, or may be hereafter, appointed by the Company, shall take cognizance, in the first instance, of matters appertaining to the freedom, supremacy, domain, finances and rights of the General West India Company ; of complaints which any one (whether stranger, neighbor or inhabitant of the aforesaid country) may may make in case of privilege, innovation, dissuetude, customs, usages, laws or pedigrees; declare the same corrupt or abolish them as bad, if circumstances so demand ; of the cases of minor children, widows, orphans and other unfortunate persons, regarding whom complaint shall first be made to the Council holding prerogative jurisdiction in order to obtain justice there; of all contracts or obligations ; of matters pertaining to possession of benefices, fiefs, cases of lesas majestatis, of religion and all criminal matters and excesses prescribed and unchallenged, and all persons by prevention may receive acquittance from matters there complained of; and generally take cognizance of, and administer law and justice in, all cases appertainining to the supremacy of the Company.

124 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS.

liesolution of the States General empowering KiViaen Van Itens-selaer to dispose of Ids Colonie ly Will.

[From the Register of West India affairs, 1033 -- 1051, In the Eoyal Archives at the Hague.]

Tuesday, S"" February 1641. Folio 43. Read iu the Assembly the petition presented to their High Mightinesses in the tseiaer. " name, and on the behalf of, Kiliaen Van Renselaer, Patroon of his Colonie called Rensselaerswyck, situate on the north river of New Netherland ; praying approval of a certain order entered by the Amsterdam Chamber of the West India Company on 14"" November 1639 on the margin of the Petitioner's request, to be allowed accordingto article 7, to dispose of his, the Petitioner's, manor pr feudal estate referred to in the sixth article of the Freedoms granted to the Colonists in New Netherland.

" name, and on the behalf of, Kiliaen Van Renselaer, Patroon of his Colonie called Rensselaerswyck, situate on the north river of New Netherland ; praying approval of a certain order entered by the Amsterdam Chamber of the West India Company on 14"" November 1639 on the margin of the Petitioner's request, to be allowed accordingto article 7, to dispose of his, the Petitioner's, manor pr feudal estate referred to in the sixth article of the Freedoms granted to the Colonists in New Netherland. Whereupon after deliberation and consideration of the fifth article of the abovementioned Freedoms, their High Mightinesses instead of the aforesaid approbation by him prayed for, have granted and allowed the Petitioner Vcniam te&tandi, in order to enable him to dispose by last Will, according to his pleasure, of the aforesaid manor or feudal estate, whereof acte shall issue to the Petitioner in due form.

Power to Kiliaen Van Rensselaer to devise his estate in New NeiJierland. [ From the AcU boek of the States General In the Eoyal Archives at the Hague. ]

Grant empowering Kiliaen Rensselaer to bequeath and dispose, by last will and testament, of his property situate in New Netherland. The States General of the United Netherlands. To all who shall see these or Folio 140.

hear them read, Health. Be it Known, that on the humble petition of Kiliaen van Rensselaer, Patroon of his Colonie named Rensselaers-wyck, situate on the North river of New Netherland, within the limits of the General Incorporated West India Company of this country, and having referred to the o'"" Article of the Freedoms, granted by the Assembly of the XIX., of said Company, to all those who shall plant any Colonies in New Netherland aforesaid. We have given, granted, allowed and conceded, and do of Our Sovereign power, by this Our letter, give, grant, allow and concede unto him, the petitioner, authority to dispose of, bequeath, and give directions concerning the aforesaid his fief, named Rensselaers-wyck, either by form of testament and last will and codicil, before a notary and witnesses, superintendents and vassals of the manor where the said property is situate, or otherwise at his pleasure, for the behoof of his children, if any he hath, friends and relatives or others, strangers, as he shall please and think proper ; the aforesaid, his manorial estate to his children or other persons to give, transport, or leave in whole or in part; thereupon to assign rents hereditary, or for life, or even to give'any one the usufruct thereof, at his discretion and good pleasure.

We have given, granted, allowed and conceded, and do of Our Sovereign power, by this Our letter, give, grant, allow and concede unto him, the petitioner, authority to dispose of, bequeath, and give directions concerning the aforesaid his fief, named Rensselaers-wyck, either by form of testament and last will and codicil, before a notary and witnesses, superintendents and vassals of the manor where the said property is situate, or otherwise at his pleasure, for the behoof of his children, if any he hath, friends and relatives or others, strangers, as he shall please and think proper ; the aforesaid, his manorial estate to his children or other persons to give, transport, or leave in whole or in part; thereupon to assign rents hereditary, or for life, or even to give'any one the usufruct thereof, at his discretion and good pleasure. We have, moreover, given, and do hereby give, the petitioner permission, power, and leave his aforesaid testament and last will, which he will thus make, or hath previously made, to alter,

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS: IL 125 enlarge, diminish and revoke by codicil, or other arrangement of last will, whenever and at all times that he shall please ; which testament, gift and order thus made, or to be made, by the petitioner. We now, for tiien, have confirmed and ratified, by tliis, Our letter, do confirm, ratify and will, that it be maintained and perfected, and be valid and of good effect forever, and that whomsoever the aforesaid petitioner hath given the said manor, or a portion thereof, or assigned any rents or usufruct thereon to, he shall use the same according to the laws, statutes and customs of the place wherein situate, in the same manner, and in all forms and ways, as if the said gifts or grants were made and executed before the General Company, or others, their agents, whom it may concern.

We now, for tiien, have confirmed and ratified, by tliis, Our letter, do confirm, ratify and will, that it be maintained and perfected, and be valid and of good effect forever, and that whomsoever the aforesaid petitioner hath given the said manor, or a portion thereof, or assigned any rents or usufruct thereon to, he shall use the same according to the laws, statutes and customs of the place wherein situate, in the same manner, and in all forms and ways, as if the said gifts or grants were made and executed before the General Company, or others, their agents, whom it may concern. Providtd, that to whomsoever the abovenamed petitioner shall give, order, or make over the aforesaid fief, whether man or woman, he shall be bound, within a year and six weeks after the death of the aforesaid petitioner, or his or her entrance into possession of the above described feudal estate, to do homage unto Us and to no one else, and pay the rights thereunto appertaining and belonging, all without fraud, guile or craft,

Wherefore We do request and order the aforementioned General Incorporated West India Company, to instruct and command the Governors, or Commanders and Council, who now are, or shall hereafter be in New Netherland, and moreover, all others whom it may in any wise concern, conjointly and each in particular, as it may behoove him, to maintain and perfect the testament, order and last will of the abovenamed petitioner, as he will have made, or yet will make it, and as it now by Us is ratified and confirmed as aforesaid ; and whomsoever he, by his testament and last will, hath given and granted the aforesaid feudal estate, or shall have made, assigned, or yet may make, give or assign, any rents or usufructs to, the same to allow and permit the quiet and peaceable use and enjoyment thereof, without causing or allowing him at any time to experience any let, hindrance or molestation therein to the contrary.

Wherefore We do request and order the aforementioned General Incorporated West India Company, to instruct and command the Governors, or Commanders and Council, who now are, or shall hereafter be in New Netherland, and moreover, all others whom it may in any wise concern, conjointly and each in particular, as it may behoove him, to maintain and perfect the testament, order and last will of the abovenamed petitioner, as he will have made, or yet will make it, and as it now by Us is ratified and confirmed as aforesaid ; and whomsoever he, by his testament and last will, hath given and granted the aforesaid feudal estate, or shall have made, assigned, or yet may make, give or assign, any rents or usufructs to, the same to allow and permit the quiet and peaceable use and enjoyment thereof, without causing or allowing him at any time to experience any let, hindrance or molestation therein to the contrary. Given under Our seal, paraph, and the signature of Our Greffier, in the Hague, on the 5"> of February, 1641.

Minutes of the AssemUy of XIX. respecting New Netherland.

[ From the MS. Folio bound in Vellam, in tlie Eoyal Archives at the Hague, among the EeporU of the West India Company. ]

Extract of a Report made to the States General, of the business transacted at the Assembly of the XIX. of the West India Company, at Amsterdam, in the year 1642.

Monday, 3"* March, J 642. Is also opened a paket of letters received from Cura§ao, through New Netherland, wherein is one from Jan Claessen van Campen, Director at Curagao, without date or place, with some enclosures. One from Director William Kieft, from New Netherland, dated 7"" January, 1642. And another from John van der Hil,i from New Netherland, dated 6"" January, 1642. ' Capt.

Extract of a Report made to the States General, of the business transacted at the Assembly of the XIX. of the West India Company, at Amsterdam, in the year 1642.

Monday, 3"* March, J 642. Is also opened a paket of letters received from Cura§ao, through New Netherland, wherein is one from Jan Claessen van Campen, Director at Curagao, without date or place, with some enclosures. One from Director William Kieft, from New Netherland, dated 7"" January, 1642. And another from John van der Hil,i from New Netherland, dated 6"" January, 1642. ' Capt. John Underbill. --Ed.

126 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. And they are referred to the Mess" Looten, de Raet, Loyssen, Halewyn, Loose and van Royen, to examine said letters and papers, as well as the whole state and condition of New Netherland, and to report thereon to the Assembly. Admonition being given, &c.

Thursday, G"- March, 1642. Read a despatch from Ambassador Joachimi, dated Canterbury, 25th February, 1642, with certain appendices containing some declarations and complaints of the English in New England against our people in New Netherland; and placed the same in the hands of the Commissioners on the affairs of New Netherland.

Friday, the T'" March, 1642.

Read a petition of Cornells van Hoykens, fiscal in New Netherland, soliciting increase of salary, with good accommodation in his quarters. And resolved to place the same in the of the Commissioners on the affairs of New Netherland.

Wednesday, 12"> March, 1642. The Commissioners on the affairs of New Netherland, having reported on the despatch of the ambassador Joachimi, and the complaints of the English, therein contained, It is resolved, to place the said despatch, with all papers and maps touching New Netherland, in the hands of the Advocate, to form a rescript for Mr. Joachimi. The Committee nominated on the S"* instant to examine the papers from New Netherland and Curagao, report that they are of opinion still to preserve the said places at the smallest expense possible, conforming to the letter of the Director there, dated 4"" July, the resolution of the XIX., and letter of the 20"" September, 1641, sent to the aforesaid Director by the ship the Brandaris, which the Assembly approves; and resolves, moreover, to postpone the sending of a Clergyman or Vicar.

The Committee nominated on the S"* instant to examine the papers from New Netherland and Curagao, report that they are of opinion still to preserve the said places at the smallest expense possible, conforming to the letter of the Director there, dated 4"" July, the resolution of the XIX., and letter of the 20"" September, 1641, sent to the aforesaid Director by the ship the Brandaris, which the Assembly approves; and resolves, moreover, to postpone the sending of a Clergyman or Vicar.

Resolution of the States General on a Petition of Fiscal Van Dindagen. [ From the Eegiater of West India affairs, 1C2S-- 1651, in the Royal Archives at the Hague. ]

Wednesday, 2lst May, 1642. Folio 70. The further petition of Lubbert van Dincklagen, late fiscal of New Netherland, Lubbert van Dincli- • i .1 j- i ti 1 . n /' • • ^ lagcn. witn the appendix thereunto annexed, is, alter previous deliberation, referred to their High Migtinesses' deputies, actually presiding at the Assembly of the XIX. of the West India Company, at Amsterdam, in order that the petitioner may, by their direction and interposition, obtain his just arrears, which the said Company may owe him on his claims.

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS : II. 127

Mr. Joachimi to the States General. [ From the Original in Hie Royal Archives at the Hague ; File, Engeland. ]

High and Mighty Lords.

My Lords, No notice has been taken in the House of Commons of what I communicated to some Lords on the xxii. and xxiii., from your High Mightinesses' letter of the twelfth instant, as I have understood from a Knight, a member of the same house, who is also of opinion that the alliance with Spain and the trade are wholly opposed to our proposal. Since my last of the xxv., some more cavalry have made their appearance here; and infantry are continued to be enlisted by beat of drum.

My Lords, No notice has been taken in the House of Commons of what I communicated to some Lords on the xxii. and xxiii., from your High Mightinesses' letter of the twelfth instant, as I have understood from a Knight, a member of the same house, who is also of opinion that the alliance with Spain and the trade are wholly opposed to our proposal. Since my last of the xxv., some more cavalry have made their appearance here; and infantry are continued to be enlisted by beat of drum. Some of these have been sent to Hull. It was here considered certain that the King hath some force in the vicinity of this city, with a view to seize it; that they are not three thousand strong, and that they had burnt some mills in the neighborhood of the city; but that those inside have received three or four pieces of artillery and taken twelve or thirteen persons prisoners. The particulars are diversely related. On the xxvi., the votes and resolutions appeared in print, whereby it was determined to raise an army of which the Earl of Essex ' is to be General, the Earl of Bedford- to be General of the Cavalry, as your High Mightinesses will see in the printed paper sent herewith. I find that the little service I can perform here has been much curtailed by the publication of the aforesaid resolution. Letters are received from the Commissioners, who went on the part of both houses of Parliament to the King, that they had presented, on Saturday evening, the petition with which they had been dispatched, to his Majesty, who had taken it for examination. I have not yet learned the answer. If the Parliamentarians will be reconciled to the King, private complaints of the people against the Dutch, and petitions for the improvement of trade will undoubtedly be brought forward and examined in Parliament. should therefore (under gracious correction) be It

Letters are received from the Commissioners, who went on the part of both houses of Parliament to the King, that they had presented, on Saturday evening, the petition with which they had been dispatched, to his Majesty, who had taken it for examination. I have not yet learned the answer. If the Parliamentarians will be reconciled to the King, private complaints of the people against the Dutch, and petitions for the improvement of trade will undoubtedly be brought forward and examined in Parliament. should therefore (under gracious correction) be It

seasonably considered, how the issue of letters of reprisal, or the passage of resolutions affecting the trade, is to be prevented ; from which serious inconveniences must arise. Among the English complainants, are the inhabitants of New England, as your High Mightinesses will be able to perceive from a Memorial hereunto annexed, handed me by my Lord Seie.^ The Earl of Warwick had already handed me a similar one in English. Some of ' RoBEnT Devereux, 3(1 Earl of Essex, was appointed to the command of the army, against the Scotch Covenanters, in 1639; afterwards Lord Chamberlain, and in 1641, Lieutenant of the Kingdom south of the Trent. In the following year he was dismissed from his office of Lord Chamberlain, whereupon the I'arliament appointed him to the command of their forces. He was then declared a traitor by the King, against whom he fought with various success, until the year 1645, when he resigned his commission. He died in September, 1646. ' WiLLLOi Russell, 5th Earl, and 1st Duke of Bedford, K. G., was born in 1614 created Marquess of Tavistock and Duke ;

In the following year he was dismissed from his office of Lord Chamberlain, whereupon the I'arliament appointed him to the command of their forces. He was then declared a traitor by the King, against whom he fought with various success, until the year 1645, when he resigned his commission. He died in September, 1646. ' WiLLLOi Russell, 5th Earl, and 1st Duke of Bedford, K. G., was born in 1614 created Marquess of Tavistock and Duke ;

of Bedford, 11th M.ay, 1649, and died 7 September, 1700. He was father of the celebrated Lord William Russel, who was beheaded in 1683. Bebrett. ' William Fiennes, 4th Baron, was created in 1624 Viscount, Say and Sele. He was one of the original patentees of Connecticut After passing harmless through the troubles which at this period convulsed England, he became Lord Privy Seal after tlie Restoration, which he had been instrumental in bringing about, and died in 1662. Saybrook, in Connecticut, derives the first part of its name from this nobleman. The latter part from Lord Brook, afterwards a Parliamentary general, and killed at Litchfield in 1742. -- Ed.

128 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. the said complainants have spoken very menacingly and said : -- If the matter be not arranged, our people will be, within the year, expelled from the quarter whence the complaints proceeded. The Directors of the West India Company have cognizance of the aforesaid complaints. On the xxiii. instant, I communicated to my Lord Seie above mentioned, information relative to the aforesaid memorial, copy whereof goes herewith. He requested that letters be written to the Dutch who are in New Netherland, to the end that our people, who have been complained of, may comport themselves in a peaceable and friendly manner with the English. I doubt if he hath correctly seized the meaning of the English.

The Directors of the West India Company have cognizance of the aforesaid complaints. On the xxiii. instant, I communicated to my Lord Seie above mentioned, information relative to the aforesaid memorial, copy whereof goes herewith. He requested that letters be written to the Dutch who are in New Netherland, to the end that our people, who have been complained of, may comport themselves in a peaceable and friendly manner with the English. I doubt if he hath correctly seized the meaning of the English. The Mayor of London is still in the Tower. He cannot be prevailed on to name a Deputy to fill his place in the City. It is said there is no precedent for the appointment of a Deputy to a Mayor, except he be sick, or not in his proper mind. Herewith commending myself humbly to your High Mightinesses, I pray God, High and Mighty Lords, that He may bless your High Mightinesses' government more and more. Your High Mightinesses' most humble servant, At London, the last of July, 1642. (Signed), Alb. Joachimi. Received, 9"" August, 1642.

Appendix received from Mij Lord Saye. Read 9th August, 1642.

[ From the Original in the Eoyal Archives at llie Hague ; File, West Indie.]

Many of the English (his Majesty's Subjects) having been incorporated by his Majesty's letters patent and having, in order to obviate all difficulties, purchased the land from the

natives, the acknowledged and right owners thereof, established divers factories on the river Coiicclecot, in New England, where they have experienced manifold molestations and insolences

Appendix received from Mij Lord Saye. Read 9th August, 1642.

[ From the Original in the Eoyal Archives at llie Hague ; File, West Indie.]

Many of the English (his Majesty's Subjects) having been incorporated by his Majesty's letters patent and having, in order to obviate all difficulties, purchased the land from the

natives, the acknowledged and right owners thereof, established divers factories on the river Coiicclecot, in New England, where they have experienced manifold molestations and insolences

from the Dutch nation, who, having previously erected a small factory on the aforesaid river, claim, in virtue thereof, the right to the whole, and not only that, but to all the extent of country from Naragnnset Bay to Hudsons river, which they call by the name of New Netherland, although it had been granted by his Majesty to divers of his subjects, and is exclusively inhabited by the English, entered many protests against the peaceable proceedings of the English, towards whom they have transgressed in various manners and ways, adding thereunto sundry threats and haughty arguments. All which the English bore, and though no more than five or six Dutch, at most, reside on the aforesaid river Coaecticot, where there are exceeding two thousand English, yet the latter have not used any violence towards them, but treated them with all kindness; yea, have they been the means, under God, of saving their lives. The Dutch sometimes, 'tis true, aver that they purchased from the Pequot Indians, a piece of land lying on the aforesaid river, to which, in virtue of that purchase, they pretend a right. But if any such purchase has been effected, which has never been proved, it is very well known that the Pequots had no just, but an usurped, title. And herein is apparent the weakness of their claim the English, by divers letters addressed to Governor Willem Kicfi, residing on :

The Dutch sometimes, 'tis true, aver that they purchased from the Pequot Indians, a piece of land lying on the aforesaid river, to which, in virtue of that purchase, they pretend a right. But if any such purchase has been effected, which has never been proved, it is very well known that the Pequots had no just, but an usurped, title. And herein is apparent the weakness of their claim the English, by divers letters addressed to Governor Willem Kicfi, residing on :

Hudsons river, offered to refer the settlement of the aforesaid difference to disinterested arbitrators, but he would not accept it. It is requested that they be ordered to demean themselves, in the place they occupy, in a pcaceal)|p, neighborly manner, and be content with their own limits, or required to leave the

--

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS: II. 129

river; which would tend most to their masters' advantage; it being very probable that the returns have never repaid, or will never reimburse, their outlays. Moreover, they live there without rule, in a godless manner, beseeming in no wise the Gospel of Christ. Their abode there will never be productive of any other effect than expense to their masters, and trouble to the English.^

Resolution of the States General, referring the preceding Documents.

[ From the Register of the West India affairs, 1633--1651, in the Royal Archives at the Hague. ]

Saturday, 9 August, 1642.

Folio 76. Received a letter from Mr. Joachimi, their High Mightinesses' Ambassador in Heer Joachimi. England, Written at London the last of July; with an appendix containing complaints of several of the English against the Dutch people in New Netherland. Which Engush against the ^^Ging Considered, it is resolved and concluded that copy of the aforesaid S'S^wNetheSli! complaints of the English be sent to the presiding Chamber of the West India Company at Amsterdam, for information.

Folio 76. Received a letter from Mr. Joachimi, their High Mightinesses' Ambassador in Heer Joachimi. England, Written at London the last of July; with an appendix containing complaints of several of the English against the Dutch people in New Netherland. Which Engush against the ^^Ging Considered, it is resolved and concluded that copy of the aforesaid S'S^wNetheSli! complaints of the English be sent to the presiding Chamber of the West India Company at Amsterdam, for information.

States General to the Amsterdam Chamber of the West India Company. [ From the Minute in the Eoyal ArchlTes at the Hague ; File, West Indie.]

To the presiding Chamber of the West India Company at Amsterdam, the 9"" August, 1642.

The States, etc. Complaints of the you wiU Icam from the annexed papers we have resolved to send you herewith for information (which you will communicate to us with all speed), what Mr. Joachimi, our ordinary Ambassador in England, hath in his letter, dated last of July past, represented to us

relative to complaints of many Englishmen against the Dutch people of New Netherland.

Done 9 August, 1642.

Mr. Joachimi to the States General.

[ From the Original in the Eoyal Archive! at the Hague ; File, Engeland. ]

High and Mighty Lords!

My Lords! Your High Mightinesses have been able to gather from my despatch of the last of July, the latest informationI possessed respecting the matter I had submitted to some Lords, in

' Mr. de Zwaan says, of the Dutch M3. -- This piece " ia evidently a translation from the English." Ed.

Joachimi to the States General.

[ From the Original in the Eoyal Archive! at the Hague ; File, Engeland. ]

High and Mighty Lords!

My Lords! Your High Mightinesses have been able to gather from my despatch of the last of July, the latest informationI possessed respecting the matter I had submitted to some Lords, in

' Mr. de Zwaan says, of the Dutch M3. -- This piece " ia evidently a translation from the English." Ed.

Vol. L 17

130 NEAV-YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS.

accordance with your High Mightinesses' letter of the xii"" preceding. On last Sunday, one of the best informed Lords, an Earl, came to me, who said a misfortune had occurred; that the Hollanders had captured and sent to Zealand twelve or thirteen ships that designed to enter Dunkirk under convoy of a ship of war, which the Earl of Warwick^ had granted them. And that the said Earl, without waiting the opinion of Parliament, had detained three Dutch merchant vessels, which were bound for the Mediterranean ; then, that he hoped the aforesaid three ships would be discharged the next day, and requested that I should represent this in most favorable terms beyond sea. Thereupon I said to the aforesaid Lord, that I was willing to do whatever might tend to the preservation of friendship between both States and Nations. But that I had received neither letter nor complaint respecting what precedes. On the following day, I acquainted another Lord of the Upper House of what the aforesaid Earl had communicated to, and requested of, me; and added thereto, that, with his Lordship's permission, 1 should come at noon, or send to inquire what had been done regarding this affair. He said, I should send and he would communicate the resolution to me. I received the answer

But that I had received neither letter nor complaint respecting what precedes. On the following day, I acquainted another Lord of the Upper House of what the aforesaid Earl had communicated to, and requested of, me; and added thereto, that, with his Lordship's permission, 1 should come at noon, or send to inquire what had been done regarding this affair. He said, I should send and he would communicate the resolution to me. I received the answer

first on Tuesday; and he let me know by the person I had sent, that orders had been given

the day before, without in any wise giving me to understand what had been ordered. I had

dispatched an express to Dover, on Monday, to obtain information of the real state of the detention of abovementioned three Mediterranean traders, who brought me an answer in writing from Sieur Cornelis Bos, that twelve ships, mostly English, were taken to Zealand by Mr. Tromp; and that on the ii. of the month, five Dutch Mediterranean merchantmen were detained in the Downs; but that these were released on the evening of the fifth. He added, moreover, that their voyage was scarcely interrupted. No complaints have been presented to me from these ships, nor from those carried into Zealand. Since, a report has been rendered by the Commissioners, who had been to the King, at Beverly, from the Parliament, to propose terms of accommodation to His Majesty, whereby the danger of a civil war might be avoided; people have been continually occupied in enlisting and mustering troops, both foot and horse. The city of London will furnish, and maintain for some months, it is reported, five thousand men. The apprentices who volunteer with their masters' consent, and will be received into service, will, by their service, shorten their apprenticeship, and be for ever freemen of London.

Since, a report has been rendered by the Commissioners, who had been to the King, at Beverly, from the Parliament, to propose terms of accommodation to His Majesty, whereby the danger of a civil war might be avoided; people have been continually occupied in enlisting and mustering troops, both foot and horse. The city of London will furnish, and maintain for some months, it is reported, five thousand men. The apprentices who volunteer with their masters' consent, and will be received into service, will, by their service, shorten their apprenticeship, and be for ever freemen of London. A great many more are presenting themselves than it is designed to accept. One of the Commissioners who had been to the King, told me, that Parliament had offered to place the city of Hull in His Majesty's hands; to restore the magazine that was there; to regulate the militia by bill to discharge the forces enlisted on both sides, at one and the same ;

time. And he declared, moreover, that those of the Parliament will uphold the King in good faith, and sincerely in his prerogative, dignity and rank. On the other hand, his Majesty requires, first of all, that Hull and the magazine be restored. That those of the Parliament do first dismiss the force they have raised, and place the militia, as well as the fleet, at his

disposal. Moreover, that the Parliament be adjourned, to meet in some other place besides Westminster or London. This being effected, his Majesty will consider what is necessary to

And he declared, moreover, that those of the Parliament will uphold the King in good faith, and sincerely in his prerogative, dignity and rank. On the other hand, his Majesty requires, first of all, that Hull and the magazine be restored. That those of the Parliament do first dismiss the force they have raised, and place the militia, as well as the fleet, at his

disposal. Moreover, that the Parliament be adjourned, to meet in some other place besides Westminster or London. This being effected, his Majesty will consider what is necessary to

Robert Rich, 2d Earl of Warwick, siicceecled lo his father's title on 24th March, 1618-19; he was a great friend of the

Puritans, and High Admiral for the Long Parliament. After filling various offices, he died May 29, 1659. His nephew married Frances, youngest daughter of Oliver Cromwell, Lord Protector of England. Collin^ Peerage. Ed. 1756. IL, 2S8. He was, says Clarendon, a man of pleasant and companionable wit and conversation of an ; universal jollity ; ani such a license in his words and actions, that a man of less virtue could not be found out. The Earl of Warwick -wa* president of the Council of Plymouth, under which the New England colonies were planted ; and his connexion with the Puritans, with whom he was very popular, may account for the character of the early emigration to those parts. -- Ed.

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS: II. 131 be done with Parliament, for the good of the nation. Some of the Commissioners' suite had heard some Cavaliers of the court wish the said Commissioners much bad luck, should they wait on the King for the purpose of malting peace. A printed copy of the King's answer accompanies this, by which your High Mightinesses will perceive, more clearly, the nature of his Majesty's demands, and that he hath required a full and positive answer thereunto by Wednesday, the xxvii. of July, old style.

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS: II. 131 be done with Parliament, for the good of the nation. Some of the Commissioners' suite had heard some Cavaliers of the court wish the said Commissioners much bad luck, should they wait on the King for the purpose of malting peace. A printed copy of the King's answer accompanies this, by which your High Mightinesses will perceive, more clearly, the nature of his Majesty's demands, and that he hath required a full and positive answer thereunto by Wednesday, the xxvii. of July, old style. How it is received by the Houses of Parliament, I have not heard for certain. After the departure of the aforesaid Commissioners, the King went to Leicestershire, where, it is reported, a division has broken out among the people. And a committee of Parliament is engaged in putting into execution the militia law. The people had, moreover, refused to deliver up the magazine; but it is as yet scarcely possible to write with any certainty about such matters as transpire at a distance from here ; seeing, by daily experience, that things are printed here, under the eyes of Parliament, which have not the least semblance of truth. Your High Mightinesses' despatches of the xxvii. July, are delivered to me whilst I am engaged in writing this. I thank your High Mightinesses for the Rescript,' and I shall make

use of it as occasion demands, and state decidedly every where, when the subject is mentioned, that your High Mightinesses will not meddle with the domestic difficulties of this kingdom, and that the government of the United Netherlands keeps itself neutral in this regard. I avoid as much as possible having any thing to do with the Parliament, and holding any conversation with the members thereof, in order not to excite any cause of jealousy.

use of it as occasion demands, and state decidedly every where, when the subject is mentioned, that your High Mightinesses will not meddle with the domestic difficulties of this kingdom, and that the government of the United Netherlands keeps itself neutral in this regard. I avoid as much as possible having any thing to do with the Parliament, and holding any conversation with the members thereof, in order not to excite any cause of jealousy. I mentioned in my last of the xxxi. July, that the English in New England complain of the Dutch in New Netherland, and that some of the English have spoken very boldly and said, if the affair were not settled, that the Dutch would, within a year, be out of those parts whence

the complaints proceeded. Those who dare threaten in that manner, would perhaps also venture on putting threats into execution. What my Lord Seye requests, is ineffectual to keep the English back from New Netherland, should they design driving our people from their place. I have, therefore, bethought me to

propose respectfully to your High Mightinesses, whether it would not be proper, in order

to obviate inconveniences, that your High Mightinesses should write to the King and request his Majesty to be pleased to order the English in New England to leave the Dutch undisturbed in New Netherland and parts adjacent, where they had been before the English arrived in those countries. For such orders must proceed from his Majesty, who might take it ill that the Houses of Parliament were applied to for a remedy, whose orders probably would not be acknowledged in that far distant quarter. In considering the aforesaid point, it is ( with submission), to be borne in mind, that the winter will be soon at hand, and that opportunities to go, or to send letters to those parts, do not occur every day.

For such orders must proceed from his Majesty, who might take it ill that the Houses of Parliament were applied to for a remedy, whose orders probably would not be acknowledged in that far distant quarter. In considering the aforesaid point, it is ( with submission), to be borne in mind, that the winter will be soon at hand, and that opportunities to go, or to send letters to those parts, do not occur every day. The Portuguese agent, who remained here after the Ambassador's departure, spoke to me on Saturday last,to request Vice Admiral Tromp to assist two Commissioners of the King his

master, who had arrived at Dover, in reaching the United Provinces in safety. They were sent, he said, to your High Mightinesses on business of importance, and which required despatch. I granted him his request; but I know not whether Mr. Tromp can accommodate

' See Aitzema. Folio. II., 816, for the terras or basis of the Rescript. -- Ed.

132 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. him. The Earl of Leicester' left here last week for his government, in Ireland. Herewith ending, I commend myself respectfully to your High Mightinesses, and pray God, High and Mighty Lords, that He may bless your High Mightinesses' Government more and more. Your High Mightinesses' London, the eighth of August, 1642. most obedient servant. Received IG"" of August, 1642. (Signed) Alb. Joachimi.

P. S. The letter was entirely written when 1 received the printed replies to the King's answer brought over lately by the Earl of Holland.^ A copy of said replies is hereunto annexed.

Herewith ending, I commend myself respectfully to your High Mightinesses, and pray God, High and Mighty Lords, that He may bless your High Mightinesses' Government more and more. Your High Mightinesses' London, the eighth of August, 1642. most obedient servant. Received IG"" of August, 1642. (Signed) Alb. Joachimi.

P. S. The letter was entirely written when 1 received the printed replies to the King's answer brought over lately by the Earl of Holland.^ A copy of said replies is hereunto annexed.

New JSfeiherland. 1638 to 1642.

In all the Points of Reference for the Assembly of the XIX. of the West India Company, received by the States General between 9 September, 1638, and 23d August, 1642, no mention is found of New Netherland, though all these points have been carefully examined twice. J. A. de Zwaan. March, 1843.

Subject for the Consideration of tTie AssemUy of the XIX. [ From the Original in the Eoyal Archives at the Hague ; File, West Indie. ]

Points whereupon all the Chambers of the West India Company are summoned to Amsterdam for the 15 Sepf 1642, extracted so far as relates to the affairs of New Netherland. Read 23 Aug. 1642. 24"' Point.

And in what way to devise an effectual and good plan for the places in New Netherland regarding the Freedoms and peopling thereof, and, generally, in what manner the aforesaid conquests shall be resorted to and traded with.

Robert Sidney, 2d Earl of Leicester, and brother-in-law of the Earl of Northumberland, was a man of great parts, very conversant in books, and much addicted to the mathematics and though he had been a soldier, and commanded a regiment in ;

And in what way to devise an effectual and good plan for the places in New Netherland regarding the Freedoms and peopling thereof, and, generally, in what manner the aforesaid conquests shall be resorted to and traded with.

Robert Sidney, 2d Earl of Leicester, and brother-in-law of the Earl of Northumberland, was a man of great parts, very conversant in books, and much addicted to the mathematics and though he had been a soldier, and commanded a regiment in ;

the service of the United Provinces, and was afterwards employed in several embassies, as in Denmark and France, was in truth, rather a speculative than a practical man. He was, after the death of the Earl of Strafford, in 1641, called from the embassy in France to be Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, and shortly after lost the King's favor and his office, without having gone to take possession of that government; after which he joined the Parliament, and Cromwell showed his sense of that step by appointing Lord Lisle, his eldest son, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland in 1648. Clarendon. ' Henry Rich, Ist Earl of Holland, K. G., was the second son of Robert, 1st Earl of Warwick, and brother of Robert, mentioned in n preceding note. He was created Knight of the Bath in 1611, and in 1618, Captain of the King's Guard; became Lord Kensington in 1623-4, and Eail of Holland in Lincolnshire, in 1623. He was sent ambassador to France, and afterwards to the United Provinces, in 162.5, in which country he had already made two or three campaigns, and in 1639, on the first insurrection of the Scots, was constituted General of the Horse in the expedition into that country. On the breaking out of the Rebellion, he endeavored to accommodate matters, and with that view, accompanied the Earl of Bedford ( see supra, p. 127.) to the King at Oxford.

He was sent ambassador to France, and afterwards to the United Provinces, in 162.5, in which country he had already made two or three campaigns, and in 1639, on the first insurrection of the Scots, was constituted General of the Horse in the expedition into that country. On the breaking out of the Rebellion, he endeavored to accommodate matters, and with that view, accompanied the Earl of Bedford ( see supra, p. 127.) to the King at Oxford. But these efforts becoming fruitless, he took up arms in the Royal cause, was taken prisoner in July, 1648, condemned to death by the High Court of Justice, and beheaded on the 9th of March, 1649, before the gates of Westminster Hall. Collins. -- Ed.

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS: II. 133

Mr. Joachimi to the States General. [ From the Original in tlie Royal Archives at the Hague : File, EngeUmd. ]

High and Mighty Lords !

My Lords, My servant, whom I sent on the iii. inst. to Holland with despatches to your High Mightinesses and his Highness, returned yesterday with a certificate, that he had duly delivered them, without bringing back any rescript from your High Mightinesses I shall expect it shortly. I :

submitted to your High Mightinesses, in a despatch of the last of July, divers points to which (under correction) attention ought to be paid. Among the rest, to that of the complaint which the English of New England make against some of the Dutch Company in New Netherland. Were these to be once dislodged, they could not return there except with great difficulty. On the xviii. of August I also requested your High Mightinesses to be pleased to consider, in case the war proceed, whether theAmbassadors are at liberty to remain here, where the Parliament meets, or to repair King, without their Sovereigns and themselves being to the

Among the rest, to that of the complaint which the English of New England make against some of the Dutch Company in New Netherland. Were these to be once dislodged, they could not return there except with great difficulty. On the xviii. of August I also requested your High Mightinesses to be pleased to consider, in case the war proceed, whether theAmbassadors are at liberty to remain here, where the Parliament meets, or to repair King, without their Sovereigns and themselves being to the

thereby understood to be compromised and what is best to be done at this conjuncture, so that ;

neither your High Mightinesses nor the State, nor your High Mightinesses' servant may be put, on this account, to any inconvenience. The French Ambassador hath taken his leave of the King, and calculates to depart this week. He leaves only one person here, who will send him over an account of whatever transpires in this place. With my last of the xii., I sent your High Mightinesses the King's Message to both Houses of Parliament, brought over by the Earls of Dorset' and Southampton^ and their co-delegates, at the close of last August, with the answer of the aforesaid houses thereunto of the xxix. Another Message from his Majesty, or a reply to the aforesaid answer and the declaration made on the fifth of September thereon by the Lords and Commons in Parliament accompanies this despatch. Adjoined to them are two Journals of what had been done in the House of Commons during the week last past. In two or three days, we shall know what resolution the Lords of the Upper house will have adopted on the subject of the Episcopacy. Those of Scotland also desire that the Church government may be assimilated and rendered uniform in both Kingdoms.

Another Message from his Majesty, or a reply to the aforesaid answer and the declaration made on the fifth of September thereon by the Lords and Commons in Parliament accompanies this despatch. Adjoined to them are two Journals of what had been done in the House of Commons during the week last past. In two or three days, we shall know what resolution the Lords of the Upper house will have adopted on the subject of the Episcopacy. Those of Scotland also desire that the Church government may be assimilated and rendered uniform in both Kingdoms. A Parliamentman told me to-day that the West Riding of Yorkshire hath pronounced for the Parliament, and that the two Serjeants major who were sent up from Boston with nine or ten Officers, are placed in separate prisons. News is received here of the siege of Sherborne [Castle] from which the ' Edward Sackville, 4tli Earl of Dorset, K. G., was born in the year 1590. He represented the county of Sussex in the time of James I.; accompanied the forces sent in 1620, to the assistance of the King of Bohemia, and was engaged in the battle of the Prague. He was Ambassador to France in 1621, and succeeded to the title, on the death of his brother, in 1624. In the following year, he became one of the Lords of Trade ; in 1627 he was appointed one of the Commissioners to conclude an alliance with the States General, and in 1633 one of the Lords of the Admiralty. On the breaking out of the civil war he adhered to the King; superceded the Earl of Essex as Lord Chamberlain ; in 1646, he, with others of the Council, signed the capitulation for the surrender of Oxford, and in the following year retired into private life.

In the following year, he became one of the Lords of Trade ; in 1627 he was appointed one of the Commissioners to conclude an alliance with the States General, and in 1633 one of the Lords of the Admiralty. On the breaking out of the civil war he adhered to the King; superceded the Earl of Essex as Lord Chamberlain ; in 1646, he, with others of the Council, signed the capitulation for the surrender of Oxford, and in the following year retired into private life. He died on the 17th July, 1652. Collins. I., pt. ii., 768. --Ed. " Thomas Weiothesly, Earl of Southampton, K. G., Lord High Treasurer of En>,'land. The title became extinct on his death iu 1667. Debrett. -- Ed.

! ;

134 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. Marquess of Hertford' fled. Some great men say, that those besieged have slain between two and three hundred of the Parliamentarians. From the South we hear, that those who invest Portsmouth, have captured a fort wherein they have got thirty pieces of cannon. It will probably follow from this, that this place will surrender to them. Herewith humbly commending myself to your High Mightinesses, I shall conclude and pray God, High and Mighty Lords, that he may preserve and protect Fatherland. Your High Mightiness' London, the 17"' September, 1642. most humble servant. Received 27"' September, 1642. (Signed) Alb. Joachimi. 1642.

P. S. News arrived, after this was written, that Portsmouth has surrendered to the Parliament. The conditions have not been yet received. Dated as above.

It will probably follow from this, that this place will surrender to them. Herewith humbly commending myself to your High Mightinesses, I shall conclude and pray God, High and Mighty Lords, that he may preserve and protect Fatherland. Your High Mightiness' London, the 17"' September, 1642. most humble servant. Received 27"' September, 1642. (Signed) Alb. Joachimi. 1642.

P. S. News arrived, after this was written, that Portsmouth has surrendered to the Parliament. The conditions have not been yet received. Dated as above.

Mr. Joachimi to the States General.

[ From the Original in the Royal Archives at the Hague ; File, Engdand. ]

High and Mighty Lords!

My Lords Your High Mightinesses could have seen from my last, of the ix. instant, what has been said here of tlie rencontre which occurred on the previous Saturday, near Worcester, between the Cavaliers under Prince Robert and some Companies of the Parliamentarians. Your High Mightinesses will receive herewith the information communicated thereby to the King, and a book containing an agreement between the nobility and gentry of Yorkshire, mutually pledging themselves to remain neuter and to abstain, in the aforesaid County, from the proceedings and quarters of both sides. Against this the Parliament hath published a declaration, which is attached to the aforesaid agreement, commencing "fourteen articles of peace." Private letters have also been received from Lancaster stating that six standards have been presented to the King which were taken, in the rencontre above mentioned, from the Parliamentarians and it is reported that some thousands of the latter have been slain. A Parliamentman of quality told me, on Saturday last, that the Earl of Essex was with the army within twelve miles of Shrewsbury ; that place has been fortified by the King, who keeps his main force there. It is believed that My Lord Strange, now Earl of Derby,^ by the

Against this the Parliament hath published a declaration, which is attached to the aforesaid agreement, commencing "fourteen articles of peace." Private letters have also been received from Lancaster stating that six standards have been presented to the King which were taken, in the rencontre above mentioned, from the Parliamentarians and it is reported that some thousands of the latter have been slain. A Parliamentman of quality told me, on Saturday last, that the Earl of Essex was with the army within twelve miles of Shrewsbury ; that place has been fortified by the King, who keeps his main force there. It is believed that My Lord Strange, now Earl of Derby,^ by the

William SETiionE, Earl of Hertford, K. G., succeeded to the title on the death of his grandfather in 1621, and was '

advanced to the dignity of Marquess on the 3d of June, 1640, and constituted Governor of the Prince of Wales. On the breaking out of the rebellion, he was made Lieutenant-General of all the King's forces in the counties of Wilts, Southampton, Dorset, etc., and in 1643 Groom of the Stole. On the Restoration, he succeeded in being acknowledged as Duke of Somerset, which title was forfeited by the attainder of his grandfather, in the reign of Edward VI., and died on the 24th October, 1660. His second wife was sister of the Earl of Essex. ( Supra, p. 127.) Collins. I., pt i., 188. " James Stanley, 7th Earl of Derby, was summoned to Parliament by the title of Lord Strange, 13th February, 1628, and

On the Restoration, he succeeded in being acknowledged as Duke of Somerset, which title was forfeited by the attainder of his grandfather, in the reign of Edward VI., and died on the 24th October, 1660. His second wife was sister of the Earl of Essex. ( Supra, p. 127.) Collins. I., pt i., 188. " James Stanley, 7th Earl of Derby, was summoned to Parliament by the title of Lord Strange, 13th February, 1628, and

succeeded to the Earldom on the death of his father, 29 September, 1642. His Lordship was highly accomplished with learning, prudence, loyalty and true valor, whereof he gave signal proofs, on several occasions, in the Civil Wars of England. On the loss of the battle of Worcester, he was taken prisoner and condemned to die, notwithstanding his plea that, on being taken prisoner, quarter for life had been granted him. He was beheaded at Bolton on the 15th of October, 1651. The particulars of his death are very fully det.ailed in Collins, IF., H4. -- En.

;

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS : IL 135 death of his father, has been before Manchester with about three thousand men to invest the place; and that he hath suffered some loss from those occupying that post. If this siege should continue I cannot write anything as certain. Of the Marquess of Hertford it is stated that he has succeeded in getting into one of the Castles at Falmouth. I have not heard whether the petition, which the Parliament recommended to the Earl of Essex, is sent to the King. Something has been done here in Church matters. It is currently reported Queen has gone to France, and an ofldcer of the King that the hath informed me that his Majesty has sent off two Lords to convey her Majesty thither.

Of the Marquess of Hertford it is stated that he has succeeded in getting into one of the Castles at Falmouth. I have not heard whether the petition, which the Parliament recommended to the Earl of Essex, is sent to the King. Something has been done here in Church matters. It is currently reported Queen has gone to France, and an ofldcer of the King that the hath informed me that his Majesty has sent off two Lords to convey her Majesty thither. Your High Mightinesses can best tell how much truth is in it. Your High Mightinesses will please to find, in the accompanying Journals, what has occurred here during the past week. Towards the end of the aforesaid week, the Duke of Soubisse died here. A distinguished Knight, who sold his property above eight or nine years ago and removed the proceeds, as well as his sons, to New England, yesterday renewed to me the complaints against some of our nation belonging to New Netherland, relative to which I have heretofore written to your High Mightinesses. be necessary seasonably to consider the means of preventing an It will

attack being our people. Herewith, commending myself to your High attempted on Mightinesses, I pray God, High and Mighty Lords, to prosper the State and to bless your High Mightinesses' Government. Your High Mightinesses' London, the xvii. October, 1642. Most humble Servant, Received 25"^ October, 1642. ( Signed ) Alb Joachimi. :

Resolution of the States General on the preceding Despatches. [ From the Register of 'West India Affairs, 1633--1651, in the Royal ArchiTes at the Hague. ]

attack being our people. Herewith, commending myself to your High attempted on Mightinesses, I pray God, High and Mighty Lords, to prosper the State and to bless your High Mightinesses' Government. Your High Mightinesses' London, the xvii. October, 1642. Most humble Servant, Received 25"^ October, 1642. ( Signed ) Alb Joachimi. :

Resolution of the States General on the preceding Despatches. [ From the Register of 'West India Affairs, 1633--1651, in the Royal ArchiTes at the Hague. ]

Saturday, 25"- October, 1642. Folio 80. • 3 r. 1 Heer Joachimi.Rcceived a letter and appendix from Mr. Joachimi, their High Mightinesses' ordinary Ambassador in England, written at London the 18"" inst.; the aforesaid letter

New Netherland Containing, among the rest, a notice of affairs that occurred in New Netherland *''^^'"' which, being taken into consideration, it is resolved and concluded, that the retro-acta relating hereunto shall be examined.

Subjects for the Consideration of the Assembly of the XIX. 1643. [ From the Original, in the Eoyal Archives at the Hague ; File, West Indie. ]

Points on which all the Chambers of the West India Company are summoned to Amsterdam for the 21 February, 1643 ; extracted so far as they relate to the affairs of New Netherland. Read 2 February, 1643.

IS"" Point.

It being found that New Netherland hath been hitherto of great expense and small profit to the Company, and that the plan of opening the trade to said place, produces no true effect

136 NEW-YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. according to the intent, inasmuch as many will go thither to trade without acquiring a domicile there and therefore, population scarcely increases there, whilst trade is seriously ruined. ;

Points on which all the Chambers of the West India Company are summoned to Amsterdam for the 21 February, 1643 ; extracted so far as they relate to the affairs of New Netherland. Read 2 February, 1643.

IS"" Point.

It being found that New Netherland hath been hitherto of great expense and small profit to the Company, and that the plan of opening the trade to said place, produces no true effect

136 NEW-YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. according to the intent, inasmuch as many will go thither to trade without acquiring a domicile there and therefore, population scarcely increases there, whilst trade is seriously ruined. ;

Therefore, the members are recommended to consider whether the internal trade there ought not to be confined to the inhabitants of that country. And in order to induce a greater number to repair thither, and to encourage the people there to the culture of the soil, grain and the fisheries, whether it would not be well to open to the inhabitants who have a permanent domicile, and oblige themselves to remain there, the trade from that country to Brazil, under proper orders and duties, for the benefit of the Company; and vice versa, that from Brazil back to New Netherland. 19. In like manner, as a supply not only of all sorts of animals and cattle, but especially of salt, isnecessary for that country; and the islands of Curasao, Bonaire, Aruba particularly, furnish no other supplies, the settlement and cultivation of said islands by private individuals, under conditions to be thereunto agreed on, shall also have to be considered; permitting the trade between them, New Netherland and Brazil, and vice versa as above, in the Company's unarmed ships. 20. Moreover, that all the Chambers that trade exclusively to one quarter or the other, shall bring the account thereof with them, in order to determine, after examination of the same, if it be expedient to continue that course, or to open the trade.

In like manner, as a supply not only of all sorts of animals and cattle, but especially of salt, isnecessary for that country; and the islands of Curasao, Bonaire, Aruba particularly, furnish no other supplies, the settlement and cultivation of said islands by private individuals, under conditions to be thereunto agreed on, shall also have to be considered; permitting the trade between them, New Netherland and Brazil, and vice versa as above, in the Company's unarmed ships. 20. Moreover, that all the Chambers that trade exclusively to one quarter or the other, shall bring the account thereof with them, in order to determine, after examination of the same, if it be expedient to continue that course, or to open the trade.

Stibject for the Consideration of the Asseinhly of the XIX. 1643.

[ From the Original in the Eoyal Archives of the Hague ; Pile, Weit Indie. ]

Points on which all the Chambers of the West India Company are summoned to Amsterdam for the 11 July, 1643 ; extracted so far as relates to the affairs of New Netherland. Received 19 June, 1643. g'l" Point. Proper enquiry shall, moreover, be made, and order also given as to the trade which some Chambers separately carry on to one quarter or the other, especially how, in accordance with the IS"" and ig"" points of reference of the last Assembly, the island of Curagao and New Netherland can best be benefitted; and, in the meantime, to resume the papers lately received from thence.

Points on which all the Chambers of the West India Company are summoned to Amsterdam for the 11 July, 1643 ; extracted so far as relates to the affairs of New Netherland. Received 19 June, 1643. g'l" Point. Proper enquiry shall, moreover, be made, and order also given as to the trade which some Chambers separately carry on to one quarter or the other, especially how, in accordance with the IS"" and ig"" points of reference of the last Assembly, the island of Curagao and New Netherland can best be benefitted; and, in the meantime, to resume the papers lately received from thence.

Resolution of the States General on a Petition from Fiscal Van Dindagen. [Frcm the Register of West India Affairs, 163S-- 1661, In the Eoyal Archives at the Hague. ]

Tuesday, 28 July, 1643. Foiio99. The petition with the appendix presented to their High Mightinesses by and ciagen. (,„ the behalf of Lubbert Van Dincklagen, late fiscal of New Netherland, being

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS : II. 137

read to the Assembly, complaining that he, the petitioner, hath not been able as yet to obtain from the West India Company, payment of his three years' services and other claims. After previous deliberation, it is resolved and concluded, to refer the petitioner hereby to the Courts of Justice.

States General to the Assembly of the XIX. [ From the Minute In the Eoyal Archives at the Hague ; File, West Indie. ]

To the Assembly of the XIX. of the West India Company, the SO"" August, 1643.

read to the Assembly, complaining that he, the petitioner, hath not been able as yet to obtain from the West India Company, payment of his three years' services and other claims. After previous deliberation, it is resolved and concluded, to refer the petitioner hereby to the Courts of Justice.

States General to the Assembly of the XIX. [ From the Minute In the Eoyal Archives at the Hague ; File, West Indie. ]

To the Assembly of the XIX. of the West India Company, the SO"" August, 1643.

The States, &c. Complaints o( iheWhercas [complaints have] come now and again before us from the English '" ES|iand. '" residing in New England, against the Dutch settled in New Netherland; Therefore, we have resolved and concluded hereby to request and require you to take care that no acts of hostility do arise [on any pretence] between the English and Dutch nations; but on the contrary, that good friendship and harmony be maintained with the English. Expecting which.

Done 20* August, 1643.

The words within brackets, in the above letter, are supplied, as the MS. is imperfect, in consequence of the original being, as it is stated, partially illegible, from damp. -- En.

Resolution of the States General on a Report of the Proceedings of the XIX.

[From the Register of West India affairs, 1638-- 1651, in the Eoyal Archives at the Hague.]

Saturday, 7th November, 1643. Folio 106. The report being heard of Mess" van der Cappelle tho Ryssel and Hogendorp, sided'at'thl xix?" (Mr. Bickcr being absent) who by virtue of their High Mightinesses' Copimission, presided at the Assembly of the West India Company holden at Amsterdam, in September and Eeport,ctc. Octobcr last ; and the said report being exhibited and submitted in writing; It is

[From the Register of West India affairs, 1638-- 1651, in the Eoyal Archives at the Hague.]

Saturday, 7th November, 1643. Folio 106. The report being heard of Mess" van der Cappelle tho Ryssel and Hogendorp, sided'at'thl xix?" (Mr. Bickcr being absent) who by virtue of their High Mightinesses' Copimission, presided at the Assembly of the West India Company holden at Amsterdam, in September and Eeport,ctc. Octobcr last ; and the said report being exhibited and submitted in writing; It is

upon previous deliberation, resolved and concluded, etc. ^"^^ ^^ *° ^h^t regards the case of Lubbert van Dingslagen, the retroacta shall Lubbert Tan Dingsiagen. ^g examined, in order that they be placed together with the petitioner's request, in the hands of their High Mightinesses' Commissioners. Finally, the Lords of Holland are, at

their request, granted a copy of the aforesaid written report; with recommendation that they assist in forwarding the mattter therein set forth, so far as their Province is concerned.

Vol. I. 18

138 NEW-YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS.

Resolution of the States Genei'ol.

[ From the Register or West India affairs, 1638--1651, In the Royal Archires at the Hague. ]

Tuesday, 24th November, 1643. FoiioioT. Deliberation being had, it is hereby resolved and concluded to delegate Mr. LabbertTanDinsia- ^^^^g^^ j^ the matter of Lubbertus vau Dinslaken, late fiscal of New Netherland, in the stead of Mr. Bommel, (in consequence of the latter's departure).

Subject for the Consideration of the Assembly of the XIX. 1643.

[ From the Original, in the Royal Archives, at the Hague. File, Weit Indie. ]

[ From the Register or West India affairs, 1638--1651, In the Royal Archires at the Hague. ]

Tuesday, 24th November, 1643. FoiioioT. Deliberation being had, it is hereby resolved and concluded to delegate Mr. LabbertTanDinsia- ^^^^g^^ j^ the matter of Lubbertus vau Dinslaken, late fiscal of New Netherland, in the stead of Mr. Bommel, (in consequence of the latter's departure).

Subject for the Consideration of the Assembly of the XIX. 1643.

[ From the Original, in the Royal Archives, at the Hague. File, Weit Indie. ]

Points whereon all the Chambers of the West India Company are summoned to Amsterdam, for the 12"" December, 1643; extracted so far as relates to the affairs of New Netherland. Received 2 December, 1643.

lO"" Point.

Item. Due inquiry ought to be again made and order also given respecting the trade which some Chambers carry on separately to one quarter and another; whether it can be best promoted by trading conjointly to several places, or otherwise, each independently; first of all, praying strict attention to the Island of Cura9ao and New Netherland; both of which cost the Company considerable annually, without affording any profit or return.

Resolution of the States General in the matter of Fiscal van Dinclagen.

[ From the Register of 'West India Affairs, 1638--1651, in the Koyal Archives at the Hague. ]

Friday, n December, 1643. Having heard the report of Mr. Arnhem and other their High Mightinesses' Folio io«

Deputies, in virtue of their respective resolutions of the T^ and 24"" November last, and having viewed and examined the petitions and appendices heretofore presented to their High Lubbert van Dine Mightinesses by and on behalf of Lubbert van Dincklagen, late Advocate fiscal '*^^°' and Sheriff of New Netherland, instituting complaint of and against the West India Company of these parts, in order to receive from it payment of his three years' service and other claims, which he maintains to be due him from the above named Company.

Deputies, in virtue of their respective resolutions of the T^ and 24"" November last, and having viewed and examined the petitions and appendices heretofore presented to their High Lubbert van Dine Mightinesses by and on behalf of Lubbert van Dincklagen, late Advocate fiscal '*^^°' and Sheriff of New Netherland, instituting complaint of and against the West India Company of these parts, in order to receive from it payment of his three years' service and other claims, which he maintains to be due him from the above named Company. It is, after previous deliberation, and after examining their High Mightinesses' resolution of the 28"" July hereupon, in conformity thereunto, hereby again resolved and concluded, to refer the Petitioner to the Courts of Justice.

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS: IL 139

Resolution of the States Geiieral in the matter of Fiscal van Dindagen.

[ From the Eogister of Wisl India Affairs, 16S8-- 1661, lu Ihe Eoyal Archives at the Hague. ]

Wednesday, 16 December, 1643. Folio 109. Lubbert van Dinef i-,g petition of Lubbert van Dinckxlaeen, further '^ ° late Fiscal and Sheriff in New lagen. Nethcrland, with the vouchers thereunto annexed, are, after previous deliberation, placed in the hands of their High Mightinesses' Deputies going to preside at the next Assembly of the XIX. of the West India Company, in order to urge and endeavor that the petitioner may be deprived of complaint; and their High Mightinesses' resolutions of the SS"" of last July and xi. instant, respectively adopted in the Petitioner's case, are, in consequence, hereby altered.

Lubbert van Dinef i-,g petition of Lubbert van Dinckxlaeen, further '^ ° late Fiscal and Sheriff in New lagen. Nethcrland, with the vouchers thereunto annexed, are, after previous deliberation, placed in the hands of their High Mightinesses' Deputies going to preside at the next Assembly of the XIX. of the West India Company, in order to urge and endeavor that the petitioner may be deprived of complaint; and their High Mightinesses' resolutions of the SS"" of last July and xi. instant, respectively adopted in the Petitioner's case, are, in consequence, hereby altered.

Memorial of the Eight Men at the Manhattans to the States General. [ From the authenticated copy in the Eoyal Archives at the Hague J File, Wat Indie. ]

Noble, High and Mighty Lords, the Noble Lords the States General of the United Netlierland Provinces.

Noble, High and Mighty Lords. As no sacrifice is more acceptable to our God than an humble spirit and a contrite heart, so nothing should, in like manner, be more pleasing to all Christian princes and magistrates, than to lend an ear to their complaining, and to extend their hand to their distressed, subjects. It is then so that we poor inhabitants of New Netherland were here in the Spring pursued by these wild Heathens and barbarous Savages with fire and sword; daily in our houses and

fields have they cruelly murdered men and women; and with hatchets and tomahawks struck little children dead in their parents' arms or before their doors ; or carried them away into bondage ; the houses and grain-barracks are burnt with the produce; cattle, of all descriptions, are slain and destroyed, and such as remain must perish this approaching Winter for the want of fodder. Almost every place is abandoned. We, wretched people, must skulk, with wives and little ones that still survive, in poverty together, in and around the fort at the Manahatas where we are not safe even for an hour; whilst the Indians daily threaten to overwhelm us with it.

fields have they cruelly murdered men and women; and with hatchets and tomahawks struck little children dead in their parents' arms or before their doors ; or carried them away into bondage ; the houses and grain-barracks are burnt with the produce; cattle, of all descriptions, are slain and destroyed, and such as remain must perish this approaching Winter for the want of fodder. Almost every place is abandoned. We, wretched people, must skulk, with wives and little ones that still survive, in poverty together, in and around the fort at the Manahatas where we are not safe even for an hour; whilst the Indians daily threaten to overwhelm us with it. Very little can be planted this autumn, and much less in the spring; so that it will come to pass that all of us who will yet save our lives, must of necessity perish next year of hunger and sorrow, with our wives and children, unless our God have pity on us. We are all here, from the smallest to the greatest, devoid of counsel and means, wholly powerless. The enemy meets with scarce any resistance. The garrison consists of but 50 @^60 soldiers unprovided with ammunition. Fort Amsterdam, utterly defenceless, stands open to the enemy night and day. The Company hath few or no effects here (as the Director hath informed us); were it not for this, there would have been still time to receive assistance

140 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. from the English at the East (ere all had gone to ruin); and we wretched settlers, whilst we must abandon all our substance, are exceedingly poor. These heathens are strong in might; they have formed an alliance with seven other nations; are well provided with guns, powder and lead, which they purchased for beaver from the private traders who have had, for a long time, free range here; the rest they take from our fellow countrymen whom they murder.

140 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. from the English at the East (ere all had gone to ruin); and we wretched settlers, whilst we must abandon all our substance, are exceedingly poor. These heathens are strong in might; they have formed an alliance with seven other nations; are well provided with guns, powder and lead, which they purchased for beaver from the private traders who have had, for a long time, free range here; the rest they take from our fellow countrymen whom they murder. In fine, we experience here the greatest misery, which must astonish a Christian heart to see or to hear. We turn then, in a body, to you. High and Mighty Lords, acknowledging you as our Sovereigns and the Fathers of Fatherland. We supplicate, for God's sake, and for the love your High Mightinesses bear your poor and desolate subjects here in New Netherland, that your High Mightinesses would take pity on us, your poor people, and encourage the Company thereunto, and command tiiem (to whom we also hereby make known our necessity) to forward us, by the earliest opportunity, such assistance as your High Mightinesses will deem most proper, in order that we, poor forlorn people, may not be left all at once a prey, with wives and children, to these cruel heathens. And should suitable assistance not speedily arrive (contrary to our expectations), we shall, through necessity, in order to save the lives of those who remain, be obliged to betake ourselves to the English at the East, who would like nothing better than to possess this place. And that an account of the superior convenience of sea coasts, bays, and large rivers, besides the great fertility of this place : yea, which alone could of itself provision and supply yearly 20, 25@^30 ships from Brazil or the West Indies with all necessaries. (Was underwritten :) Remaining, as we are, your High Mightinesses' faithful servants and subjects, lawfully chosen and authorized by the Hon*"'^ Director and Council and the entire Commonalty of New Netherland, (Signed) Coornelis Melyn, JA^ Evertse Boudt, ToMAS Hal, Gerrit Wolphertse, IsAK Alleeton, Barent Dirckse, Abraham Pieterse, Jochem Pietekse Kuyter.

And that an account of the superior convenience of sea coasts, bays, and large rivers, besides the great fertility of this place : yea, which alone could of itself provision and supply yearly 20, 25@^30 ships from Brazil or the West Indies with all necessaries. (Was underwritten :) Remaining, as we are, your High Mightinesses' faithful servants and subjects, lawfully chosen and authorized by the Hon*"'^ Director and Council and the entire Commonalty of New Netherland, (Signed) Coornelis Melyn, JA^ Evertse Boudt, ToMAS Hal, Gerrit Wolphertse, IsAK Alleeton, Barent Dirckse, Abraham Pieterse, Jochem Pietekse Kuyter.

Dated Manahatan, in New Netherland, this 3'^ November, 1643 ; Stil : Rom°.

This is found, ou collating, to agree with the Minute. (Signed) Cornelis van Tienhoven, Sec'.

Resolution of the States General referring the 'preceding Memorial.

[ From the Register of West India Affairs, 1653--1651, In the Eoyal Archives at the Hague. ]

Tuesday, 5 April, 1644. FoHoiis. Assembly a presented to their High Read in the certain Remonstrance Commonatly of New Neiheriaod. Mightiuesses iH the ,, _ i name and on behalf of the \ -it. t- \ •

entire Commonalty oi New /~i ^ n t^j

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS : II. 141 Netherland, containing divers complaints respecting tlie inconveniences to which they are there exposed. Whereupon, deliberation being had, it is resolved and concluded, that copy of the aforesaid Remonstrance be sent to the Assembly of the XIX. of the West India Company, so that prompt order may be taken on said Complaints, and for the removal of the aforesaid inconveniences.

Mightiuesses iH the ,, _ i name and on behalf of the \ -it. t- \ •

entire Commonalty oi New /~i ^ n t^j

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS : II. 141 Netherland, containing divers complaints respecting tlie inconveniences to which they are there exposed. Whereupon, deliberation being had, it is resolved and concluded, that copy of the aforesaid Remonstrance be sent to the Assembly of the XIX. of the West India Company, so that prompt order may be taken on said Complaints, and for the removal of the aforesaid inconveniences.

[ Here follo-ws a fragment of the letter of the States General to the Assembly of the XIX., transmitting the foregoing RcsoIutioD, bnt it is, for the most part, unintelligible. -- Eb.]

Amsterdam Chamber of the West India Company to the States General.

I From the Original in tho Royal Archives at the Hague. File, West Indie. ]

High and Mighty Lords. Your High Mightinesses' letter dated the 5"" April, is duly come to hand. Though addressed to the Assembly of the XIX., we have opened it here at our private meeting, and read it with particularly grateful acceptance, in regard of your High Mightinesses' paternal and gracious care for the wretched Commonalty of New Netherland; we have also attentively examined the petition of the said Commonalty presented to your High Mightinesses. We have resolved, to write to your High Mightinesses in answer to tiie one and the other, that jointly and individually, we sensibly feel in the inmost recesses of our hearts^the miserable and desolate condition of the poor people there, the rather as we find ourselves in such inability that we not only cannot supply the requisite means to bring this Colony, which is a source of so much expense for the West India Company, to such a state that we might in time realize the long looked for fruits thereof; but cannot, at present, even furnish those poor people who have left their Fatherland, in the hope of obtaining, with their wives and children in that country, an honest livelihood, with such supplies as are most urgently required for their support and protection against the barbarous inhabitants of those parts.

We have resolved, to write to your High Mightinesses in answer to tiie one and the other, that jointly and individually, we sensibly feel in the inmost recesses of our hearts^the miserable and desolate condition of the poor people there, the rather as we find ourselves in such inability that we not only cannot supply the requisite means to bring this Colony, which is a source of so much expense for the West India Company, to such a state that we might in time realize the long looked for fruits thereof; but cannot, at present, even furnish those poor people who have left their Fatherland, in the hope of obtaining, with their wives and children in that country, an honest livelihood, with such supplies as are most urgently required for their support and protection against the barbarous inhabitants of those parts. And we are truly of opinion that greater and greater difficulties are to be expected from long delays. In order [to prevent] which, as well in New Netherland as in other distant places where the Company, and consequently this State, have to fear no less dangers, through the scarcity of divers required necessary provisions, ammunition, goods, &c., we are obliged respectfully to submit to your High Mightinesses, that the Company is fallen into both such inability and discredit that it is out of its power, any longer, without considerable aid from the State, to supply any distant places, or to continue any further the necessary daily payments in this country. We most humbly request Your High Mightinesses, therefore, to be pleased to take these untoward circumstances into such consideration as the constitution of the Company for the welfare of this State most seriously demands. High and Mighty Lords, let not the good and willing stockholders who have contributed such large subscriptions for the advancement of the prosperity of this State, and have already provisionally adopted an eflectual and advantageous resolution with the East India Company; let tiiem not be discouraged or dismayed in contributing to such a beneficial work as the combination of these two notable Companies would prove for this State.

We most humbly request Your High Mightinesses, therefore, to be pleased to take these untoward circumstances into such consideration as the constitution of the Company for the welfare of this State most seriously demands. High and Mighty Lords, let not the good and willing stockholders who have contributed such large subscriptions for the advancement of the prosperity of this State, and have already provisionally adopted an eflectual and advantageous resolution with the East India Company; let tiiem not be discouraged or dismayed in contributing to such a beneficial work as the combination of these two notable Companies would prove for this State. The vigorous

142 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. continuance of the Company's maritime affairs, and at least of its daily occurring disbursements here, would contribute a little to that [prosperity]; and with an immediate grant of about a million, it can be placed in good, prosperous and profitable condition. We also respectfully request you, High and Mighty, to be pleased to receive further information from our Deputies, who will High Mightinesses, and therein to vouchsafe them favorable present this to your audience and full Thereupon awaiting your High Mightinesses' favorable resolution, credit.

which is most necessary, we shall meanwhile. High and Mighty Lords, pray God for the continual success of your High Mightinesses' prosperous government. Your High Mightinesses most humble Servants, The Directors of the West India Company at Amsterdam, Amsterdam, this 23 April, 1644. (Signed) Jacob Hamel. Received 27"' April, 1G44. Marcus de Vogelaer.

Resolution of the States General, referring the preceding Letter.

We also respectfully request you, High and Mighty, to be pleased to receive further information from our Deputies, who will High Mightinesses, and therein to vouchsafe them favorable present this to your audience and full Thereupon awaiting your High Mightinesses' favorable resolution, credit.

which is most necessary, we shall meanwhile. High and Mighty Lords, pray God for the continual success of your High Mightinesses' prosperous government. Your High Mightinesses most humble Servants, The Directors of the West India Company at Amsterdam, Amsterdam, this 23 April, 1644. (Signed) Jacob Hamel. Received 27"' April, 1G44. Marcus de Vogelaer.

Resolution of the States General, referring the preceding Letter.

[ From the Kegisler of West India affairs, 1633 -- 1651, in the Eoyal Archives at the Hague. ]

Wednesday, 27 April 1644. Folio 116. Appeared in the Assembly some Directors from divers Chambers of the West compalf/.^'""""' India Company, and by the moutii of one of the Advocates of said Company proposed to their High Mightinesses, and subsequently submitted in writing, what is Proposal. substantially se't forth in the proposition hereinafter inserted. And the aforesaid Directors also delivered, besides, to their High Mightinesses a certain letter from the Directors of the abovenamed West India Company, Chamber at Amsterdam, written there the 23^ instant, being an answer to their High Mightinesses' despatch of the S"" of the present month,

Affairs of New respecting the affairs of New Netherland ; which being considered, the Provinces Neiheriand. dcsired copy of the aforesaid proposition, as well as of the said letter which was granted them.

And the aforesaid Directors also delivered, besides, to their High Mightinesses a certain letter from the Directors of the abovenamed West India Company, Chamber at Amsterdam, written there the 23^ instant, being an answer to their High Mightinesses' despatch of the S"" of the present month,

Affairs of New respecting the affairs of New Netherland ; which being considered, the Provinces Neiheriand. dcsired copy of the aforesaid proposition, as well as of the said letter which was granted them.

Report of the Deputies from the States General to the Asseiyibly of the XIX. [ From the Original In the Eoyal Archires at the Hague ; File, West Indie. ]

Extract of the Report of Henrick van der Capelle toe Ryssel, Daniel Hoogendorp Gaio Nauta, Gerrit van Santen, their High Mightinesses' deputies to the Assembly of the XIX. of the West India Company at Amsterdam in April, 1644. E.xhibited 1" October, 1644.

High and Mighty Lords. The deputies to this Assembly have found great discord and mutual distrust prevailing among the Chambers and the Brazils with the coasts of Guinea, Angola, etc., were in ;

consequence, not provided with what those coasts required for support and trade for this State. Those from Zealand, etc

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS: IL 143

Mr. Spieringh to the States General. [ From the Original in the Eoyal Archives at tlie Hague: File, DuittcMand. ]

High and Mighty Lords. Whereas her Royal Majesty's sliip, the Fame, coming from Nova Succia, her Royal Majesty's possession, freighted with some peltries and tobacco, has arrived in tiiis country, and I, desiring

consequence, not provided with what those coasts required for support and trade for this State. Those from Zealand, etc

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS: IL 143

Mr. Spieringh to the States General. [ From the Original in the Eoyal Archives at tlie Hague: File, DuittcMand. ]

High and Mighty Lords. Whereas her Royal Majesty's sliip, the Fame, coming from Nova Succia, her Royal Majesty's possession, freighted with some peltries and tobacco, has arrived in tiiis country, and I, desiring

to have said freight discharged here, gave notice, in the ordinary course of trade, of said cargo at the customs through my agent at Amsterdam, who apphed for a permit to unload ; but this was refused him, and he was referred from there to tlie West India Company ; this astonished

me not a little, as I do not know wherefore he is referred from one to the other when the customs and duties thereof are offered to be paid. Therefore I would hereby request your High Mightinesses to be pleased to give such orders and instruction to whomsoever has charge and authority over the customs and duties that they will no longer refuse to allow this her Royal Majesty's ship to be unloaded and discharged in due course of trade, but that such be done without hindrance, lest the perishable goods remain on board to their damage ; expecting which speedily from your High Mightinesses, I wish you from Almighty God a prosperous government, remaining High and Mighty Lords, Your High Mightinesses' Friend and dutiful Hfigue, 8"" October, 1644. (Signed) Peter Spieringh Silvercroen, hereditary Proprietor of North Holm. [op Norshollem (r/gesetten.']

Therefore I would hereby request your High Mightinesses to be pleased to give such orders and instruction to whomsoever has charge and authority over the customs and duties that they will no longer refuse to allow this her Royal Majesty's ship to be unloaded and discharged in due course of trade, but that such be done without hindrance, lest the perishable goods remain on board to their damage ; expecting which speedily from your High Mightinesses, I wish you from Almighty God a prosperous government, remaining High and Mighty Lords, Your High Mightinesses' Friend and dutiful Hfigue, 8"" October, 1644. (Signed) Peter Spieringh Silvercroen, hereditary Proprietor of North Holm. [op Norshollem (r/gesetten.']

Resolution of the States General on a further Memorial of the Swedish Residtnt.

[From the Register of Eetolutions relating to West India affairs in the Eoyal Archives at the Hague. ]

Saturday, 15"" October, 1644.

The shi°' rime Read to the Assembly a certain additional Memorial presented to their High Mightincssses by and on behalf of Resident Spieringh, stating in substance, that dii* aldVper^centl

he hath seen that their High Mightnesses have been pleased to resolve that copy of his previous Memorial to their High Mightinesses, presented the 8"" instant, respecting the discharging her Royal Majesty's ship the Fame, be referred to the present delegated Directors of the West India Company, in order to furnish their High Mightinesses, at their earliest convenience, with information regarding this affair. Mr. Spieringh being now aware of the object of this reference, which can no otherwise be interpreted than as tending to the disrespect and disparagement of her Royal Majesty, cannot therefore accept such resolution nor send it itto her Royal Majesty (unless on refusal of any other) as it will surprise her to learn that a remonstrance from one Sovereign to another should be referred to private individuals, or to a private Company or Board, or whatever else it may be called, totally unknown, in these premises, to her Royal Majesty.

Spieringh being now aware of the object of this reference, which can no otherwise be interpreted than as tending to the disrespect and disparagement of her Royal Majesty, cannot therefore accept such resolution nor send it itto her Royal Majesty (unless on refusal of any other) as it will surprise her to learn that a remonstrance from one Sovereign to another should be referred to private individuals, or to a private Company or Board, or whatever else it may be called, totally unknown, in these premises, to her Royal Majesty. Their High Mightinesses have placed Mr. Spieringh's aforesaid

144 NEW-YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. Memorial in tiie hands of such as they pleased, but he expects an answer and resolution from none but their High Mightinesses and that speedily, according to the urgency of the case, in ;

order to discharge the aforesaid ship, after satisfying the customs, according to the usage of trade in regard to other foreign independent sovereigns ; or that their High Mightinesses will be pleased to communicate to him the reasons why he has been detained referred from one ;

to the other to the serious damage of the perishable wares which are lying on ship board, and of others now bearing a high price. Which being considered, it is resolved and concluded, that the cargo of the said ship the Fame shall be regulated as regards the duties, in the same way as those of tlie PVench, English, Danish and other foreign nations that bring and discharge such or similar cargoes here ; to wit, the ordinary import duties, and in addition eight per cent, both made over among other things to the West India Company of these ports, in place of subsidies; all in conformity to the S"" Article of their High Mightinesses' regulation of the 16"" October, 1637, and their confirmatory resolution of the 24"" July 1641 following thereupon.

Which being considered, it is resolved and concluded, that the cargo of the said ship the Fame shall be regulated as regards the duties, in the same way as those of tlie PVench, English, Danish and other foreign nations that bring and discharge such or similar cargoes here ; to wit, the ordinary import duties, and in addition eight per cent, both made over among other things to the West India Company of these ports, in place of subsidies; all in conformity to the S"" Article of their High Mightinesses' regulation of the 16"" October, 1637, and their confirmatory resolution of the 24"" July 1641 following thereupon.

Resolution of the States General on a letter from the Patroon of Staten Island.

[ From the Register of TVeat India Affairs, 1633--1651, in the Koyal Archives at the Hague. ]

Thursday, 20"' October, 1644. Folio 181. The letter of Cornelis Melyn, styling himself Patroon at Staten Island, without Staten Island. (Jato or place, addressed to Mr. van Nederhorst ; also, a certain petition of the same, dated Manahattas, 6"" August last, regarding the distressed condition of affairs there, is, after previous consideration, placed in the hands of Messrs. van der Capellen, and other their High Mightinesses' Deputies to the Assembly of the XIX. of the West India Company, with power to inform themselves of, and investigate the real merits and state of the aforesaid representation, and afterwards assist in making such order therein as the interests of the country in general, and those of the said Company in particular, shall require.

The letter of Cornelis Melyn, styling himself Patroon at Staten Island, without Staten Island. (Jato or place, addressed to Mr. van Nederhorst ; also, a certain petition of the same, dated Manahattas, 6"" August last, regarding the distressed condition of affairs there, is, after previous consideration, placed in the hands of Messrs. van der Capellen, and other their High Mightinesses' Deputies to the Assembly of the XIX. of the West India Company, with power to inform themselves of, and investigate the real merits and state of the aforesaid representation, and afterwards assist in making such order therein as the interests of the country in general, and those of the said Company in particular, shall require.

Resolution of the States General to inquire into the affairs of New Netherland.

[ From the Register of West India Affairs, 1633--1651, in the Royal Archives at the Hague. ]

Saturday, 22 October, 1644. Folio 131. Messrs. van der Capelle tho Ryssel and other their High Mightinesses' Deputies Bembiy'^of "the xix have represented to the Assembly that they have determined and resolved to Departure. procccd hencc to Amsterdam on Monday next, in order to preside, by virtue of their High Mightinesses' Commission and authority, at the Assembly of the XIX. of the West India Company which will meet in the beginning of the next week, requesting to know

:

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS : H. 145 Abuaea. High Mightinesses have any further commands for them which, being if their ;

considered, their High Mightinesses wished the said Lords a favorable journey; recommended to them the interests of the Country in general and of the aforesaid West India Company in particular; and requested them to use all due diligence, to the end that the business mentioned in the report be accomplished, which the aforesaid, their High Mightinesses' Deputies, had made verbally on the first of this month, and afterwards delivered in writing; whereunto, for brevity sake, reference is had.

considered, their High Mightinesses wished the said Lords a favorable journey; recommended to them the interests of the Country in general and of the aforesaid West India Company in particular; and requested them to use all due diligence, to the end that the business mentioned in the report be accomplished, which the aforesaid, their High Mightinesses' Deputies, had made verbally on the first of this month, and afterwards delivered in writing; whereunto, for brevity sake, reference is had. Ilem, that generally all abuses and excesses at present prevailing

be remedied and repaired, and specially that, pursuant to their High Mightinesses' resolution of the 20"" instant, they inform themselves and investigate the true circumstances and condition of the state of affairs in New Netherland, and assist in making such order as the interest of the Country in general and those of the above mentioned Company in particular shall require. Their High Mightinesses further deputed Mr. Viersen in the place of Mr. Nauta (in consequence of the latter's absence) to accompany and assist them in presiding in the aforesaid Assembly of the XIX. with and in addition to the aforesaid Mr. van der Capelle and others their High Mightinesses' deputies.

Mr. Spieringh to the States General. [ From the Original in the Koyal Archivea at the Hague ; File, Weet Indi6.'\

Mr. Peter Spiring Silvercroon, hereditary proprietor of North Holm, Councillor of Finance to her Royal Majesty of Sweden, and her Resident near your High Mightinesses, being, at his request, in conference on the 26"" October with some of your High Mightinesses' Deputies, proposed that he, the Resident, be furnished with a copy of your High Mightinesses' resolution of the IS"" October, in answer to the Memorial he presented relative to the discharging of her Majesty's Ship the Fame, which, coming from New Sweden, had run in to these parts; stating, in substance, that your High Mightinesses declared the cargo of the above named ship, the Fame, should be regulated in regard to duties, the same as the ships of the French, English, Danish and other foreign nations that bring and discharge such or similar loading here, to wit the ordinary import duty, and in addition 8 percent, both made over, among other things, to the West India Company of this Country, in conformity to your High Mightinesses' resolution in this regard.

Peter Spiring Silvercroon, hereditary proprietor of North Holm, Councillor of Finance to her Royal Majesty of Sweden, and her Resident near your High Mightinesses, being, at his request, in conference on the 26"" October with some of your High Mightinesses' Deputies, proposed that he, the Resident, be furnished with a copy of your High Mightinesses' resolution of the IS"" October, in answer to the Memorial he presented relative to the discharging of her Majesty's Ship the Fame, which, coming from New Sweden, had run in to these parts; stating, in substance, that your High Mightinesses declared the cargo of the above named ship, the Fame, should be regulated in regard to duties, the same as the ships of the French, English, Danish and other foreign nations that bring and discharge such or similar loading here, to wit the ordinary import duty, and in addition 8 percent, both made over, among other things, to the West India Company of this Country, in conformity to your High Mightinesses' resolution in this regard. To which, your High Mightinesses' resolution, he, the Resident, submitted, that whatever the French, English, Danish and other foreign nations gave or did not give, was not binding on him as he was suffering on his own merits and demerits, which remained unaffected and undiminished. Moreover, few or no such examples could be produced and even if they ;

were, they should not be obligations on her Royal Majesty, or even otherwise be drawn into precedent; that, on examination of their nature and circumstances, it might be found that such French, English and Danes were mere private persons, and then, still, mere inhabitants of these countries, who, in comparison with her Royal Majesty's ship, her Royal Majesty's property, could not come into any consideration or be cited as precedent; and with the same readiness that Frenchmen and Englishmen are instanced in opposition to her Royal Majesty can Swedes be equally cited against others.

were, they should not be obligations on her Royal Majesty, or even otherwise be drawn into precedent; that, on examination of their nature and circumstances, it might be found that such French, English and Danes were mere private persons, and then, still, mere inhabitants of these countries, who, in comparison with her Royal Majesty's ship, her Royal Majesty's property, could not come into any consideration or be cited as precedent; and with the same readiness that Frenchmen and Englishmen are instanced in opposition to her Royal Majesty can Swedes be equally cited against others. Vol. T. 19

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146 NEW-YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. The proposition of your High Mightinesses' Deputies, that her Royal Majesty should pay the same as other inhabitants of these countries, the Resident would consider very strange, as an attempt to place a Sovereign and Crowned head on a level with inhabitants of this State ; the Resident expected greater respect would be paid her Royal Majesty than to place her on an equality with private individuals. If this State, either by its Ambassadors or others, had made or submitted any request to her Majesty, he, the Resident, was convinced that in such or like cases, it would be treated with much greater respect. Moreover, the aforesaid proposition was altogether different in character, inasmuch as its object was to impose subsidies and contributions on her Royal Majesty and thereby tax her for the benefit of some private inhabitants of this State; inasmuch as these duties were not contributed to the State, but to private persons who were simply authorized thereunto, and who were furnished by the State with a paper cloak; and therefore, if her Majesty is to be treated in all cases in the same manner as the inhabitants of these countries (none of whom is understood to be exempt), then her Royal Majesty must even so be released from such duty, or must be acknowledged, not only to be exempt from, but even must appropriate, such impost, the same as the West India Company, which consists merely of private individuals.

Moreover, the aforesaid proposition was altogether different in character, inasmuch as its object was to impose subsidies and contributions on her Royal Majesty and thereby tax her for the benefit of some private inhabitants of this State; inasmuch as these duties were not contributed to the State, but to private persons who were simply authorized thereunto, and who were furnished by the State with a paper cloak; and therefore, if her Majesty is to be treated in all cases in the same manner as the inhabitants of these countries (none of whom is understood to be exempt), then her Royal Majesty must even so be released from such duty, or must be acknowledged, not only to be exempt from, but even must appropriate, such impost, the same as the West India Company, which consists merely of private individuals. Moreover, your High Mightinesses had no more right to declare that this her Royal Majesty's ship should pay duty to a West India Board, than to an East India or a Greenland Company, or any other set of individals, which would be without end; and levied and extorted with, certainly, as little justice. Regarding the S per cent in addition to the Import duty although he, tiie Resident, did not :

agree to it, he nevertheless proposed this question whether it had reference to the principal, ;

the risk, the profit, the entire, or what else; also, if the valuation of the goods was to apply to the place where they were procured, here where they were bought, or there, where they would be consumed your High Mightinesses will be pleased to weigh all the points and justly to ;

Regarding the S per cent in addition to the Import duty although he, tiie Resident, did not :

agree to it, he nevertheless proposed this question whether it had reference to the principal, ;

the risk, the profit, the entire, or what else; also, if the valuation of the goods was to apply to the place where they were procured, here where they were bought, or there, where they would be consumed your High Mightinesses will be pleased to weigh all the points and justly to ;

examine this case; and should the West India Company, according to its pleasure and resolution, increase the value and duty, your High Mightinesses will please to bear in mind, what, under similar circumstances, had heretofore occurred in Prussia, with her Royal Majesty, in regard to the licenses, when your High Mightinesses' Ambassadors argued and maintained

that her Royal Majesty could not levy any tolls there, notwithstanding her Royal Majesty had won those countries by the sword ; and had, moreover, in this instance, especial treaties in

her favor. Although was then pretended that no duty was imposed on the goods except it

according to the entry of the merchant and the place where they were loaded and purchased for if the goods were rated too high, her Royal Majesty must be obliged to take them at that appraisal, and add as much more thereto for the protection of the merchant; it will now, on the contrary, be claimed with indeed, less justice, that the West India Company is at liberty to value the goods as high as it chooses, taking the payment in money or in kind, when the best would be selected whereby all would be converted and drawn to its own profit. ;

according to the entry of the merchant and the place where they were loaded and purchased for if the goods were rated too high, her Royal Majesty must be obliged to take them at that appraisal, and add as much more thereto for the protection of the merchant; it will now, on the contrary, be claimed with indeed, less justice, that the West India Company is at liberty to value the goods as high as it chooses, taking the payment in money or in kind, when the best would be selected whereby all would be converted and drawn to its own profit. ;

Besides, the West India Company could, with so much the less grace claim any duty, inasmuch as it had, heretofore, under grant from her Royal Majesty, a share in this Swedish Company, having also acknowledged it for an absolute and free Company; and, then, ships from the Kingdom, from New Sweden, having sailed and been loaded and discharged here, ofi' and on, were never subjected to, much less paid such duty and hence, so far from there being ;

any right and equity for such imposition, it ought, on the contrary, now to be considered in direct opposition to all right and equity, after the West India Company had surrendered its shares, and her Royal Majesty had bought it out and exclusively acquired those shares herself;

;

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS: IL .147

wherefore nothing similar could now be levied by virtue, and in regard of said purchase: And still so much the less so, inasmuch as this, her Royal Majesty's ship had traded to, and came from, a country wliich her Royal Majesty had rightfully imrchuscd, and obtained possession of, from the right owners; where, previously, her Royal Majesty had found neither ships, commerce, nor trade, but had established them, and had erected her arms there, and thus had, first, reduced every thing to order; and, accordingly, no person there was a subject, nor could any duty reasonably or rightfully be claimed further, this Royal ship ran in here for no other purpose than solely ;

wherefore nothing similar could now be levied by virtue, and in regard of said purchase: And still so much the less so, inasmuch as this, her Royal Majesty's ship had traded to, and came from, a country wliich her Royal Majesty had rightfully imrchuscd, and obtained possession of, from the right owners; where, previously, her Royal Majesty had found neither ships, commerce, nor trade, but had established them, and had erected her arms there, and thus had, first, reduced every thing to order; and, accordingly, no person there was a subject, nor could any duty reasonably or rightfully be claimed further, this Royal ship ran in here for no other purpose than solely ;

with the intention to revictual, and to sail to the Kingdom, when fully loaded, but in consequence of the trouble and war which has arisen between the Swedes and Danes, she must remain here, and is unable to complete her voyage because your High Mightinesses did not observe, according to the letter and meaning, the well established alliance, the purport of which was to maintain, against all force, reciprocally and on both sides, the freedom of navigation and commerce in the East and North seas ; and because your High Mightinesses had acted so partially herein. Further, he the Resident had seen by a sealed Acte of the IS"* October ( being your High Mightinesses' abovementioned resolution of the 15"") which was published by the West India Company, that the latter had, in quality of sovereign, presumed to place two of its people as keepers on board the Royal ship, and he therefore desires to know from your High Mightinesses, whether or not that was done by your High Mightinesses' order and knowledge ; if not, if the West India Company could of its own authority, will and pleasure hostilely usurp such pretension, power and jurisdiction, it could not be considered other than an arrogance and insolence, disrespectful in the highest degree to her Royal Majesty if, indeed, it were done ;

Further, he the Resident had seen by a sealed Acte of the IS"* October ( being your High Mightinesses' abovementioned resolution of the 15"") which was published by the West India Company, that the latter had, in quality of sovereign, presumed to place two of its people as keepers on board the Royal ship, and he therefore desires to know from your High Mightinesses, whether or not that was done by your High Mightinesses' order and knowledge ; if not, if the West India Company could of its own authority, will and pleasure hostilely usurp such pretension, power and jurisdiction, it could not be considered other than an arrogance and insolence, disrespectful in the highest degree to her Royal Majesty if, indeed, it were done ;

by order, and with the knowledge, of your High Mightinesses (which is scarcely credible) your High mightinesses will please to consider with what great respect your High Mightinesses' ships have ever been treated in her Royal Majesty's kingdom and within her jurisdiction and ;

that her Royal Majesty never expected different treatment from your High Mightinesses; that the ships which had heretofore conveyed your High Mightinesses' Ambassadors to Prussia were not once inspected, nor detained, nor any people placed on board of them, although they were laden with merchandise; that even the ships, which went to fetch, or bring, the Ambassadors back, were not examined such ships and goods were also passed free as ;

the Ambassadors on their voyage requested and that from no other motive or view, than simply ;

that her Royal Majesty never expected different treatment from your High Mightinesses; that the ships which had heretofore conveyed your High Mightinesses' Ambassadors to Prussia were not once inspected, nor detained, nor any people placed on board of them, although they were laden with merchandise; that even the ships, which went to fetch, or bring, the Ambassadors back, were not examined such ships and goods were also passed free as ;

the Ambassadors on their voyage requested and that from no other motive or view, than simply ;

out of the respect entertained for your High Mightinesses' Ambassadors and this State contrary ;

to which, this disrespect is now exhibited towards this her Royal Majesty's ship, carrying only royal freight. But should your High Mightiness entertain no such regard, he, the Resident nevertheless requests, that those two persons may be again removed from the vessel, so that no further inconvenience or mischief may accrue to her Majesty's dignity from such prejudicial acts and hostilities of which, by this remonstrance, he, the Resident, will then be blameless; and as a further security that no fraud shall be committed on the cargo, he, the Resident, as her Majesty's Minuter, assures your High Mightinesses that a list thereof shall be delivered in, if your High Mightinesses require it. Provided, nevertheless, in all things that he the Resident, be not understood as paying any, even the smallest duty from this her Royal Majesty's ship, as well for reasons above recited, as because it is prejudicial to her Majesty's dignity contrary to the alliance and opposed to the intimacy and friendship which were therein to continue between her Royal Majesty and your High Mightinesses ; and therefore expects from

But should your High Mightiness entertain no such regard, he, the Resident nevertheless requests, that those two persons may be again removed from the vessel, so that no further inconvenience or mischief may accrue to her Majesty's dignity from such prejudicial acts and hostilities of which, by this remonstrance, he, the Resident, will then be blameless; and as a further security that no fraud shall be committed on the cargo, he, the Resident, as her Majesty's Minuter, assures your High Mightinesses that a list thereof shall be delivered in, if your High Mightinesses require it. Provided, nevertheless, in all things that he the Resident, be not understood as paying any, even the smallest duty from this her Royal Majesty's ship, as well for reasons above recited, as because it is prejudicial to her Majesty's dignity contrary to the alliance and opposed to the intimacy and friendship which were therein to continue between her Royal Majesty and your High Mightinesses ; and therefore expects from

148 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. your High Mightinesses a resolution and good conclusion on this, his Remonstrance. Wishing you from God Almighty a long and prosperous government. (Signed) Peter Spieringh Silvercroon, Done at the Hague on the above day A°, 1644. hereditary Proprietor of North Holm. Exhibited 29 October, 1614.

Repwt of their Deputies of the States General on New Netherland. [ From the Original in the Eoyal Archires, at the Hague ; File, West IndUche Compagnie. ]

Extract of the Report of Henrick van der Capellen toe Ryssell, Viersen, Gerrit van Santen their High Mightinesses' late Deputies to the Assembly of the West India Company at Amsterdam, holden in October 1644. Exhibited 28"- December 1644.

Wishing you from God Almighty a long and prosperous government. (Signed) Peter Spieringh Silvercroon, Done at the Hague on the above day A°, 1644. hereditary Proprietor of North Holm. Exhibited 29 October, 1614.

Repwt of their Deputies of the States General on New Netherland. [ From the Original in the Eoyal Archires, at the Hague ; File, West IndUche Compagnie. ]

Extract of the Report of Henrick van der Capellen toe Ryssell, Viersen, Gerrit van Santen their High Mightinesses' late Deputies to the Assembly of the West India Company at Amsterdam, holden in October 1644. Exhibited 28"- December 1644.

High and Mighty Lords, The delegates did, on the fl October etc. We repeatedly brought before the Assembly the complaint which was made to In New Netherland.

your High Mightinesses respecting the cruel massacre perpetrated on the Indians, so that it may be provided against, and the punishment for blood unlawfully shed, may be warded ofT this State. And it was finally resolved, that all papers relating to this matter, be placed in the hands of the Board of Accounts {Reken Jcamer) to extract therefrom, by the next Assembly, what ought to be redressed, as is to be seen, No. 7. It was moreover resolved, to recall the Director in order that he defend himself, and to send back in his stead with a temporary commission, Lubbert van Dinslaken who has been formerly there as fiscal, and who is a favorite with the Indians. Minerals of copper, iron and lead have been discovered in those countries, particulars of which are given to this Director, to inform himself thereof, and to send hither the real ore to be tested. A private individual has brought with him copper ore that is very rich, and hath also some silver in it; orders have been given to test and investigate it further.

It was moreover resolved, to recall the Director in order that he defend himself, and to send back in his stead with a temporary commission, Lubbert van Dinslaken who has been formerly there as fiscal, and who is a favorite with the Indians. Minerals of copper, iron and lead have been discovered in those countries, particulars of which are given to this Director, to inform himself thereof, and to send hither the real ore to be tested. A private individual has brought with him copper ore that is very rich, and hath also some silver in it; orders have been given to test and investigate it further.

Afpcndix No. 7. Extract from the Minutes of the Nineteen. Received 2Sth December, 1644.

15 December, 1644. Pursuant to their High Mightinesses' order. Mess" van der Capellen toe Ryssel and van Santen, informed the Assembly that they had repeatedly requested that the business respecting New Netherland may be dispatched, which not being done, they had spoken this morning to the Commissioners thereunto named on the 10"' December last, and were of opinion that the papers and documents having reference to New Netherland, should be placed in the hands of the Company's Board of Accounts, to examine the whole subject, to draw up a report and to submit to the Assembly their opinion, how the decay there shall be remedied ; the population increased ; agriculture advanced, and that country thoroughly improved for the advantage of

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS : 11. 149

the Company, with authority ; that in the meanwhile this Assembly, on its part, shall represent to the Amsterdam Chamber, what persons, in addition to the Director, ought to be recalled ; and that Lubbertus van Dincklagen, may be provisionally sent thither in the said Director's place, with such order and instruction as they shall judge to be provisionally for the best advantage of affairs there.

Mess" van der Capellen toe Ryssel and van Santen, informed the Assembly that they had repeatedly requested that the business respecting New Netherland may be dispatched, which not being done, they had spoken this morning to the Commissioners thereunto named on the 10"' December last, and were of opinion that the papers and documents having reference to New Netherland, should be placed in the hands of the Company's Board of Accounts, to examine the whole subject, to draw up a report and to submit to the Assembly their opinion, how the decay there shall be remedied ; the population increased ; agriculture advanced, and that country thoroughly improved for the advantage of

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS : 11. 149

the Company, with authority ; that in the meanwhile this Assembly, on its part, shall represent to the Amsterdam Chamber, what persons, in addition to the Director, ought to be recalled ; and that Lubbertus van Dincklagen, may be provisionally sent thither in the said Director's place, with such order and instruction as they shall judge to be provisionally for the best advantage of affairs there. Whereupon question being put, the Deputies from Amsterdam declared, relative to the examination of the matter, and the same to serve for advice, that they would agree to the proposition, but could not vote to the prejudice of their Chamber; and regarding the person, Dincklagen, they will endeavor to make him acceptable to their Chamber. Then the members confirmed the proposition, and consent that Dincklagen shall be furnished with provisional commission as Director.

the Company, with authority ; that in the meanwhile this Assembly, on its part, shall represent to the Amsterdam Chamber, what persons, in addition to the Director, ought to be recalled ; and that Lubbertus van Dincklagen, may be provisionally sent thither in the said Director's place, with such order and instruction as they shall judge to be provisionally for the best advantage of affairs there. Whereupon question being put, the Deputies from Amsterdam declared, relative to the examination of the matter, and the same to serve for advice, that they would agree to the proposition, but could not vote to the prejudice of their Chamber; and regarding the person, Dincklagen, they will endeavor to make him acceptable to their Chamber. Then the members confirmed the proposition, and consent that Dincklagen shall be furnished with provisional commission as Director.

Rejyort of the Board of Accounts on Neio Netlierland. 1644.

[ From a MS. in the Royal Archires at the Hague ; in the Loketkas of the States General ; Rubric, West Indische Oompagnie, No 80. 1st Dlrislon.]

Report and Advice on the Condition of New Netherland, drawn up from documents and papers placed by commission of the Assembly of the XIX., dated IS"" Dec' 164:4, in the hands of the General Board of Accounts, to examine the same, to make a digest thereof, and to advise the Assembly how the decay there can be prevented, population increased, agriculture advanced, and that country wholly improved for the Company's benefit.

New Netherland, situate in America, between English Virginia and New England, extending from the South river, lying in 34J degrees, to Cape Malabar, in the latitude of 41i degrees, was first frequented by the inhabitants of this country in the year 1598, and especially by those of the Greenland Company, but without making any fixed settlements, only as a shelter in the winter.

Report and Advice on the Condition of New Netherland, drawn up from documents and papers placed by commission of the Assembly of the XIX., dated IS"" Dec' 164:4, in the hands of the General Board of Accounts, to examine the same, to make a digest thereof, and to advise the Assembly how the decay there can be prevented, population increased, agriculture advanced, and that country wholly improved for the Company's benefit.

New Netherland, situate in America, between English Virginia and New England, extending from the South river, lying in 34J degrees, to Cape Malabar, in the latitude of 41i degrees, was first frequented by the inhabitants of this country in the year 1598, and especially by those of the Greenland Company, but without making any fixed settlements, only as a shelter in the winter. For which purpose they erected on the North and South Rivers there, two little forts against the incursions of the Indians. A charter was afterwards, on the ll"" October, 1614, granted by their High Mightinesses to Gerrit Jacobsz. Witsen, antient burgomaster of the city of Amsterdam, Jonas Witsz, Symon Morrisen, Lambert van Tweenhuyzen, Wessel Schenck and associates, all inhabitants of these parts, to trade exclusively to the newly discovered countries, situate in America, between New France and Virginia, and now called New Netherland, to resort thither exclusively for the term of three years, without any other persons being able, during that time, to frequent that place from this country, on pain of confiscation of ships and goods, and a fine of fifty thousand Netherland ducats. In the years 1622 and 1623, the West India Company took possession, by virtue of their charter, of the said country, and conveyed thither, in their ship, the New Netherland, divers Colonists under the direction of Cornells Jacobsz. Mey, and Adriaen Jorissz.

Witsen, antient burgomaster of the city of Amsterdam, Jonas Witsz, Symon Morrisen, Lambert van Tweenhuyzen, Wessel Schenck and associates, all inhabitants of these parts, to trade exclusively to the newly discovered countries, situate in America, between New France and Virginia, and now called New Netherland, to resort thither exclusively for the term of three years, without any other persons being able, during that time, to frequent that place from this country, on pain of confiscation of ships and goods, and a fine of fifty thousand Netherland ducats. In the years 1622 and 1623, the West India Company took possession, by virtue of their charter, of the said country, and conveyed thither, in their ship, the New Netherland, divers Colonists under the direction of Cornells Jacobsz. Mey, and Adriaen Jorissz. Tienpoint, which Directors, in the year 1624, built Fort Orange on the North River, and Fort Nassau on the South River, and after that, in 1626, Fort Amsterdam on the Manhattes. In all which, garrisons were continually maintained, and trade was carried on in those several districts with

150 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. yachts, sloops and other craft. And in the year 1G29, the Freedoms and Exemptions conceded by the Hon''''' Assembly of the XlX. were published, with their High Mightinesses' approbation. Thereupon divers Patroons and Colonists resorted thither and endeavored to advance agriculture and population. For further security, Fort Good Hope was also erected in 1633, on the Fresh river. But said population did not experience any special impulse until the year when the Fur trade with the Indians, which had been previously reserved to 1639, the Company, was thrown free and open to every body; at which time not only the inhabitants there residing spread themselves far and wide, but even new Colonists came thither from Fatherland; and the neighboring English, both from Virginia and New England repaired to us.

For further security, Fort Good Hope was also erected in 1633, on the Fresh river. But said population did not experience any special impulse until the year when the Fur trade with the Indians, which had been previously reserved to 1639, the Company, was thrown free and open to every body; at which time not only the inhabitants there residing spread themselves far and wide, but even new Colonists came thither from Fatherland; and the neighboring English, both from Virginia and New England repaired to us. So that in place of seven Bouweries, full thirty were planted and full one hundred more expected in a short time from the plantations which were taken up insomuch that there ;

was every appearance that provisions might be furnished in two or three years for ten thousand men. Although the hope was now entertained that the country would by such means arrive at a flourishing pass, yet it afterwards appeared that the abuses attendant on the free trade was the cause of its ruin -- First: because the Colonists, each with a view to advance his own interest, separated themselves from one another, and settled far in the interior of the Country, the better to trade with the Indians, whom they then sought to allure to their houses by excessive familiarity and treating. By this course they brought themselves into disrepute with the Indians, who, not having been always treated alike, made this the cause of enmity. Secondly: in consequence of the proximity to the Indians, whose lands lay un fenced, the cattle belonging to our people, straying without herdsmen, seriously damaged their corn or maize. This occasioned much complaint, and no redress following, they revenged themselves, killing both the cattle and horses. Thirdly: not only the Colonists, but also the free traders proceeding from this country, sold for furs in consequence of the great profit, fire-arms to the Mohawks for full 400 men, with powder and lead; which, being refused to the other tribes when demanded, increased the hatred and enmity of the latter.

Secondly: in consequence of the proximity to the Indians, whose lands lay un fenced, the cattle belonging to our people, straying without herdsmen, seriously damaged their corn or maize. This occasioned much complaint, and no redress following, they revenged themselves, killing both the cattle and horses. Thirdly: not only the Colonists, but also the free traders proceeding from this country, sold for furs in consequence of the great profit, fire-arms to the Mohawks for full 400 men, with powder and lead; which, being refused to the other tribes when demanded, increased the hatred and enmity of the latter. Fourthly: It happened, in addition to this, that the Director had, a few years after, imposed a contribution of maize on the Indians, whereby they were totally estranged from our people. Hence arose divers threats and injurious occurrences, which finally broke out into acts of the Raritan Indians attempted to make away with one of our sloops, hostility, so that, first :

and afterwards killed some hogs on Staten Island. Whereupon the Director dispatched eighty soldiers thither to avenge the act, who burnt their corn and killed three or four of their people. Both sides then desisted from further proceedings. Next it happened that a Wechquaeskeck Indian' murdered, about the year 1640, an old man in his own house with an axe, for which no satisfaction having been afforded by the tribe, 12 men, chosen from the Commonalty, afterwards resolved, in the year 1642, to revenge the murder by open war but nothing was done at that time in consequence of missing the enemy, ;

Whereupon the Director dispatched eighty soldiers thither to avenge the act, who burnt their corn and killed three or four of their people. Both sides then desisted from further proceedings. Next it happened that a Wechquaeskeck Indian' murdered, about the year 1640, an old man in his own house with an axe, for which no satisfaction having been afforded by the tribe, 12 men, chosen from the Commonalty, afterwards resolved, in the year 1642, to revenge the murder by open war but nothing was done at that time in consequence of missing the enemy, ;

who, observing what was designed against them, sued for peace. Some time afterwards the Hackingsack Indians designedly shot, with an arrow, a Dutchman, who sat thatching a house. The Commonalty were very much troubled at this, dreading the ' A Wfcstcheater tribe. -- Ed.

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS : IL 151

recurrence of other such acts. And while tlie Director was seei^ing in vain for satisfaction, God seemed to have taken vengeance on those of Witqueschaclc, through the Mahikan Indians, who surprizing, slew full 70 of them and led many women and children away into captivity. This obliged the remainder to fly to our people at the Manhattans, where they were received into the houses, and fed by the Director during fourteen days. Shortly after this, seized with another panic, they fled with the Hackingsacx, fully a thousand strong, to the vicinity of the fort, and over the river of Povonia. Some of the 12 men perceiving this, the Director, on the petition of three of them, namely, Jan Janse Damen, Abraham Plangh and Maryn Adriaense who signed in the name of the entire body, authorized an attack on the abovementioned Indians, in the course of the night between the 27"" and 28"" of February, 1643, by a party of soldiers and burghers, who, with cruel tyranny, slew 80 of them, and took 30 prisoners.

Shortly after this, seized with another panic, they fled with the Hackingsacx, fully a thousand strong, to the vicinity of the fort, and over the river of Povonia. Some of the 12 men perceiving this, the Director, on the petition of three of them, namely, Jan Janse Damen, Abraham Plangh and Maryn Adriaense who signed in the name of the entire body, authorized an attack on the abovementioned Indians, in the course of the night between the 27"" and 28"" of February, 1643, by a party of soldiers and burghers, who, with cruel tyranny, slew 80 of them, and took 30 prisoners. And although the Commonalty protested against the Director and the aforesaid three persons, on account of these hasty and severe proceedings, as having taken place without their knowledge or consent, they were obliged, notwithstanding, to declare open war against full eleven tribes of Indians, who rose in arms on that account. The consequence was, that about one thousand of these, and many soldiers and colonists belonging to us, were killed. Almost all the bouweries were also destroyed, so that only three remained on the Manhattes, and two on Staten Island, and the greater part of the cattle were destroyed. Whatever remained of these, had to be kept in a very small enclosure, except in Rensselaers Colonic, lying on the North river, in the neighborhood of Fort Orange, which experienced no trouble and enjoyed peace, because they continued to sell fire arms and powder to the Indians even during the war against our people. The Company thus experienced the greatest destruction and damage, as well by the consumption of their ammunition and the ready money expended in purchasing this at a high rate, as by reinforcing the garrison, by the enlisting of as many Englishmen as could be hired in that country ; fifty of whom the Colonists solemnly engaged to pay, but the payment not having followed, remained as a charge upon the Company.

Whatever remained of these, had to be kept in a very small enclosure, except in Rensselaers Colonic, lying on the North river, in the neighborhood of Fort Orange, which experienced no trouble and enjoyed peace, because they continued to sell fire arms and powder to the Indians even during the war against our people. The Company thus experienced the greatest destruction and damage, as well by the consumption of their ammunition and the ready money expended in purchasing this at a high rate, as by reinforcing the garrison, by the enlisting of as many Englishmen as could be hired in that country ; fifty of whom the Colonists solemnly engaged to pay, but the payment not having followed, remained as a charge upon the Company. Those indebted to the Company were hereby finally reduced to such a state that they had no means to pay their debts. To remedy this great decay, various suggestions were made by the Director and the Commonalty. First, that to restore peace and quiet throughout the land, the Indians who had waged war against us, should be wholly destroyed and exterminated. The Director demanded, for that purpose, one hundred and fifty soldiers, armed with muskets and coats of mail, and provided with sufficient munitions of war; inasmuch as he estimated the number of the Indians, our enemies, not to be above three hundred strong. The Commonalty, maintaining that they were some thousands strong, considered the accomplishment of such a proposal impossible; they were of opinion that it would be better to secure public tranquillity by a general peace. They have little hope of this, so long as the present rulers remain there; because the Indians are in no way to be pacified (as they themselves declare to our's) until the Director is removed thence, calling daily for Wouter, Wouter -- meaning Wouter van Twiller.

The Commonalty, maintaining that they were some thousands strong, considered the accomplishment of such a proposal impossible; they were of opinion that it would be better to secure public tranquillity by a general peace. They have little hope of this, so long as the present rulers remain there; because the Indians are in no way to be pacified (as they themselves declare to our's) until the Director is removed thence, calling daily for Wouter, Wouter -- meaning Wouter van Twiller. Secondly, in order to prevent war in future, the Colonists ought to settle nearer each other, on suitable places, with a view of being thus formed into villages and towns, to be the better able to protect each other in time of need. Being separated from the Natives, will prevent the cattle damaging the corn belonging to the Indians, which, added to excessive familiarity In associating with them, was the cause of many difficulties. The employment of Indians as domestic servants will, thus, also be put an end to.

;;

152 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. Thirdly, for better security against enemies, and to ensure respect from neighbors, it would be advisable immediately to construct Fort Amsterdam of stone; for it is now in such ruin that men pass into it, over the walls, without making use of the gate this, according to the ;

calculation of the Director, would cost only 20 to 25 thousand guilders. Fovrihly, the settlement of the boundaries between the English and our people by the Crown of England and this State, ought to be urged in every way, in order to prevent all difficulties with that nation, inasmuch as they have begun, since the year 1633, to usurp the Fresh River, notwithstanding the Company had previously taken entire possession of it; and, on the S"" June, Anno 1633 (before any Englishmen had ever been on, or near that river) purchased land from the Indians twenty miles up the same, and built fort Good Hope thereupon and kept possession thereof with our people.

Fovrihly, the settlement of the boundaries between the English and our people by the Crown of England and this State, ought to be urged in every way, in order to prevent all difficulties with that nation, inasmuch as they have begun, since the year 1633, to usurp the Fresh River, notwithstanding the Company had previously taken entire possession of it; and, on the S"" June, Anno 1633 (before any Englishmen had ever been on, or near that river) purchased land from the Indians twenty miles up the same, and built fort Good Hope thereupon and kept possession thereof with our people. After which time, namely, on 16"' September, the English first arrived from New Plaimouth and Mathuses bay, before that fort, and declared that they

wished to erect a lodge three miles above it; which the Commissary residing there, opposed as long as he could; but was necessitated to permit it under protest, according to instructions. Meanwhile, divers letters, protests and notices were exchanged between their Governor and our Director. And it finally came to pass that they came, in the year 1635 and 1636, up the aforesaid river with sundry families and cattle ; settling themselves down there, far and near even on the land situate around and by our fort, and the property of which belonged to us. Which land they have parcelled among themselves, endeavoring to prescribe unto us laws because, having built a house or two at the mouth of the river, they pretend thereby to have the key thereof. Fifthly, it would be advisable, for the benefit of that country, first of all, to facilitate emigration to New Netherland, as had been done a long time since ; or at least to credit the passengers for a time, in order to allure Colonists thither, and afterward to introduce a goodly portion of farm servants and negroes into that country.

Which land they have parcelled among themselves, endeavoring to prescribe unto us laws because, having built a house or two at the mouth of the river, they pretend thereby to have the key thereof. Fifthly, it would be advisable, for the benefit of that country, first of all, to facilitate emigration to New Netherland, as had been done a long time since ; or at least to credit the passengers for a time, in order to allure Colonists thither, and afterward to introduce a goodly portion of farm servants and negroes into that country. By whose labor, agriculture would be so much promoted, that a great quantity of provisions could be exported thence to Brazil. Sixthly, the rendezvous of vessels of war could be established in New Netherland, and it is better adapted than the Island of Curasao, in consequence of its abundance of provisions and of building timber, and because all parts of the West Indies are safer and easier of access from that quarter, and the designs against the enemy can be kept better concealed. Seventhly, it would be advantageous for the Company to keep a well supplied store and cellar there, in order to accommodate the inhabitants, at a certain reasonable price, either for money or produce, which will otherwise be overvalued or monopolized by private traders. But if private individuals are allowed to continue trading, a fixed price ought to be placed on their imported wares. The system of giving credit ought also be abolished, as the Company suffers great loss therefrom, and their servants ought to be promptly paid their board money and monthly wages. Finally, 'tis proposed that the Council consist of four or five persons for the maintenance of justice and the authority of the Company, as well as the respect of the neighboring Colonies.

But if private individuals are allowed to continue trading, a fixed price ought to be placed on their imported wares. The system of giving credit ought also be abolished, as the Company suffers great loss therefrom, and their servants ought to be promptly paid their board money and monthly wages. Finally, 'tis proposed that the Council consist of four or five persons for the maintenance of justice and the authority of the Company, as well as the respect of the neighboring Colonies. From all this, it is to be seen into what confusion and ruin New Netherland has at present fallen, all caused by the rash undertaking of so unnecessary a war, without the knowledge, much less the order of the XIX., and against the will of the Commonalty there and what ;

excessive expenditure is now required from the Company, both for succor and redress; no apparent profits can be expected there for some years ; but, on the contrary, it is found from the Company's books in the Amsterdam Chamber, that the district of New Netherland, instead

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS: II. 153 of being a source of profit, has cost the Company, from the year 1626 to the year 1644 inclusive, over 550,000 guilders, deducting the returns received therefrom. It would, therefore, be worth considering if it would not be better for the Company, by abandoning New Netherland, to rid itself of such heavy expenses altogether, than by retaining it to continue them. But inasmuch as the Company has, by its conceded Freedoms, promised to take all Colonists, as well freemen as servants, under its protection, and to aid in defending them against all foreign and domestic wars; and as the improvement of affairs by good orders from here, and better government there, is not altogether hopeless ; so that this place may be preserved, in the first instance, with small profits, or at least without loss; we are, therefore, of opinion, under correction, that the Company cannot decently or consistently abandon it.

But inasmuch as the Company has, by its conceded Freedoms, promised to take all Colonists, as well freemen as servants, under its protection, and to aid in defending them against all foreign and domestic wars; and as the improvement of affairs by good orders from here, and better government there, is not altogether hopeless ; so that this place may be preserved, in the first instance, with small profits, or at least without loss; we are, therefore, of opinion, under correction, that the Company cannot decently or consistently abandon it. With a view to come at such orders and redress, we submit to the Honorable Assembly the following points : -- Boundary. First the bouudary : An agreement ought speedily, and first of all, be made with the English hereupon, as it is found that, in consequence of their great population, they daily encroach more and more on our territory. That being fixed, it ought to be conditioned, that the English who may find themselves within our district, or should desire to come into it, shall be amenable to our government and acknowledged only as original subjects. Reconciliation «ith Secondly: the country ought, in every respect, be again reduced to peace and thBindmns. quietness, and the advice of the present Director, utterly to exterminate all

enemies by by no means, adopted force, be, not only because it is impossible and ;

unchristianlike so to do, but it would not be advantageous to the Company to incur so great an expense as it requires on so uncertain a result and so small an appearance of profit. And, therefore, they should not deem it impolitic to adopt the advice of the Commonalty, and to endeavor, by all possible means, to conciliate and to satisfy the Indians by recalling tlie Director and Council, who are responsible for that bloody proceeding of the 2S"' February, 1643, that they may justify and vindicate their government before the Hon*"'* Assembly of the XIX., in whose stead a person ought to be sent thither as Director, endowed with sufficient qualities to promote, on the one side, the interests of the Company and the welfare of the Commonalty, and to maintain, on the other, good correspondence with the neighboring people, and especially with the Indians.

And, therefore, they should not deem it impolitic to adopt the advice of the Commonalty, and to endeavor, by all possible means, to conciliate and to satisfy the Indians by recalling tlie Director and Council, who are responsible for that bloody proceeding of the 2S"' February, 1643, that they may justify and vindicate their government before the Hon*"'* Assembly of the XIX., in whose stead a person ought to be sent thither as Director, endowed with sufficient qualities to promote, on the one side, the interests of the Company and the welfare of the Commonalty, and to maintain, on the other, good correspondence with the neighboring people, and especially with the Indians. Beitiement of Colo- Thirdly: it would be advisable to carry out and put into practice the plan of mats together. ^j^^ Director, already alluded to, that the Colonists should settle, a certain number of families together, on some of the most suitable places, in the form of hamlets, towns and villages, as the English are wont to do, who thereby live more securely and such was the ;

Company's intention in the granting of the printed Freedoms and amplification thereof. Eepair of the fort Fourthly: it will, first of all, be necessary to hasten the repair of fort Amsterdam. And we are of opinion that this will be effected in a proper and in the cheapest manner, with good clay and firm sods. The soldiers, by some presents, could be encouraged thereunto and obliged to keep it, for the future, in good repair. The Director ought to be particularly commanded to pay strict attention thereto. Esiabiuhment. Fifthly: we are of opinion, under correction, that for the security of the aforesaid fort, and of such other place as might require it, the persons specified in the annexed list would be sufficient, on such allowances as are thereunto adjoined.

And we are of opinion that this will be effected in a proper and in the cheapest manner, with good clay and firm sods. The soldiers, by some presents, could be encouraged thereunto and obliged to keep it, for the future, in good repair. The Director ought to be particularly commanded to pay strict attention thereto. Esiabiuhment. Fifthly: we are of opinion, under correction, that for the security of the aforesaid fort, and of such other place as might require it, the persons specified in the annexed list would be sufficient, on such allowances as are thereunto adjoined. Superadding, that the

Vol. I. 20

154 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. Colonists and their servants should, under certain penalties, be obliged to provide themselves with good firelocks and other weapons for their own defence. Also, for the purpose of securing themselves, in time of need, with the assistance of the garrison, against a general attack, without the Director, Colonists, or any person whatsoever, having the power to enlist any soldiers, be they few or many, at the Company's expense. GoTernment. Sixt/ihj : a Council ought be established there to consist of three persons, namely, the Director as President, the Vice and the Fiscal, as assistants. By which Council shall be treated and decided all cases relating to tlie police, justice, dignity and rights of tiie Company. With this understanding, however, that in criminal cases the Commander shall take the place of the Fiscal, with the addition, also, of two capable members of the Commonalty. Further, as the respective Colonies are allowed by the 28"" article of the Freedoms to delegate one or two persons to report their state and condition to the Director and Council, at least once a year, so are we of opinion that the said delegates should, moreover, assemble every six months, at the summons of the Director and Council, for mutual good

With this understanding, however, that in criminal cases the Commander shall take the place of the Fiscal, with the addition, also, of two capable members of the Commonalty. Further, as the respective Colonies are allowed by the 28"" article of the Freedoms to delegate one or two persons to report their state and condition to the Director and Council, at least once a year, so are we of opinion that the said delegates should, moreover, assemble every six months, at the summons of the Director and Council, for mutual good

understanding and the general advancement of the public welfare, to aid in advising them, besides, upon all affairs relating to the prosperity of their Colonies, the conciliation of the Indians and neighbors, the maintenance of the Freedoms and Privileges, the removal of all abuses and the support of the laws and statutes. Also, to observe that the Amsterdam measure, ell and weight shall be used throughout the entire country. Population and ag- Seventhly: Particular provision must be made for the vigorous encouragement ricuiiure. ^^ ^|^g population and cultivation of the soil. It will be promoting this object to afford as many facilities as possible to emigrating Colonists and freemen, who are inclined to go thither and to cause them to settle down first on the Island of Manhattes. Allowing ;

them as much land as they will be able to cultivate, whether in raising tobacco, whereunto that Island, on account of its great fertility, is considered well adapted ; or grain and other crops from which they will expect to derive the greatest profit. And for the advancement of the cultivation of the land there, it would not be unwise to allow, at the request of the Patroons, Colonists and other farmers, the introduction, from Brazil there, of as many Negroes as they would be disposed to pay for at a fair price which ;

them as much land as they will be able to cultivate, whether in raising tobacco, whereunto that Island, on account of its great fertility, is considered well adapted ; or grain and other crops from which they will expect to derive the greatest profit. And for the advancement of the cultivation of the land there, it would not be unwise to allow, at the request of the Patroons, Colonists and other farmers, the introduction, from Brazil there, of as many Negroes as they would be disposed to pay for at a fair price which ;

Negroes would accomplish more work for their masters, and at a less expense, than farm servants, who must be bribed to go thither by a great deal of money and promises. T'-aJ''. Eighthly: in order to encourage population still more, we would advise that it were best to confine the trade with the Indians exclusively to the Patroons, Colonists and free people who reside there, without permitting any commission merchants (commissie vaerders) to traffic in any manner with the Indians ; but to be satisfied with the exchange of their cargoes for the peltries, tobacco, wheat and other country produce of the free inhabitants. But it should be absolutely forbidden that either freemen should sell to the Indians, or commission merchants to freemen, any arms or munitions of war, on a certain heavy penalty to be thereunto enacted, lest the Indians, deriving strength from such a trade, may, in course

of time, be encouraged to do us more harm than they can now, in their impotency, inflict. But it will suffice that each of the free inhabitants shall be provided with a good gun and side arms, for self-defence, as hereinbefore laid down in the 5"" point ; which arms ought to be inspected by the Director every six months.

But it should be absolutely forbidden that either freemen should sell to the Indians, or commission merchants to freemen, any arms or munitions of war, on a certain heavy penalty to be thereunto enacted, lest the Indians, deriving strength from such a trade, may, in course

of time, be encouraged to do us more harm than they can now, in their impotency, inflict. But it will suffice that each of the free inhabitants shall be provided with a good gun and side arms, for self-defence, as hereinbefore laid down in the 5"" point ; which arms ought to be inspected by the Director every six months. And for the greater encouragement of the good people of New Netherland, it is submitted that the Hon-'^ Assembly take into consideration whether it would not tend to the advantage

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS : IL 155 of those possessions to allow all resident Patroons and Colonists to export their produce to Brazil, under proper duty and toll, as flour, oatmeal, peas, beans, pipe staves, planks, square and other timber, fit for the building of ships and houses, abound there. Also, for the encouragement of the fislieries there, that they and none otiier be allowed to sell at the Recief,' the fish and caviare which are caught, cured and packed in that country. And that those of New Netherland shall also be permitted to take salt on the coast of Brazil, in the vicinity of Siara, or in the West Indies, for the purpose of salting green or dry fish. Also to erect pans in New Netherland to refine salt, and adapt it for use with fish and meat, as fine salt. And on arriving in Brazil, they shall be bound to deliver every thing into the Company's store, and on payment of the proper duty and toll, whether in money or kind, to dispose of the same; without exporting any money thence, but taking, as a return cargo, staves, sugar, confectionary, ginger, tobacco, cotton and other produce of the country, with proper entries thereof, both as to quality and quantity; and therewith to sail direct to New Netherland, without touching at any port on the way, to sell or barter any part thereof, under any pretence whatsoever.

And on arriving in Brazil, they shall be bound to deliver every thing into the Company's store, and on payment of the proper duty and toll, whether in money or kind, to dispose of the same; without exporting any money thence, but taking, as a return cargo, staves, sugar, confectionary, ginger, tobacco, cotton and other produce of the country, with proper entries thereof, both as to quality and quantity; and therewith to sail direct to New Netherland, without touching at any port on the way, to sell or barter any part thereof, under any pretence whatsoever. Wiierefore they should receive a supercargo on the part of the Company to make a report of the whole to it, and to return in the next ship from New Netherland to Brazil. And for the prevention of all further smuggling, the skippers must be obligated, on pain of loss of the ship and cargo, to touch at Paraiba, after being inspected at the Recief, in order to be again visited there on the Company's behalf. Which trade being thus adjusted, it will not be necessary for the Company to be burdened with any further equipments or the purchase of cargoes; it will be, moreover, relieved from numerous servants required therefor. The garrison being to be rationed at their own expense, will be amply supplied for that purpose with necessaries by the freemen and inhabitants there. But in order to meet the expenses which the Company has to incur, for the support of the garrison and the other servants, it will be necessary to keep a sharp eye on the receipt of the duties, tolls and other dues, already imposed and yet to be imposed on the exported and imported goods. From which, we are of opinion, that the expenses to be incurred by the Company can be fully defrayed, with the hope of greater and more ample profit, by the increase of the population.

But in order to meet the expenses which the Company has to incur, for the support of the garrison and the other servants, it will be necessary to keep a sharp eye on the receipt of the duties, tolls and other dues, already imposed and yet to be imposed on the exported and imported goods. From which, we are of opinion, that the expenses to be incurred by the Company can be fully defrayed, with the hope of greater and more ample profit, by the increase of the population.

Estimate of the expenses which the Company would have to bear in New Netherland for the following persons to be rationed at their own expense.

1 Director, whose monthly salary should be fl. 250, to board himself, is yearly fl. 3,000 1 Second, and factor and receiver, at fl. 120 per month, as above, 1,440 1 Fiscal, (IL fl. 60 per month, as above 720 1 Secretary, who is also to keep the book of monthly wages, per month fl.60, 720 1 Commissary of the merchandise and store goods @. fl. 60 per month, 720 1 Assistant of the merchandise and store goods, @. fl. 2-5 per month, 300 1 Clergyman, (aX fl. 120 per month, 1,440 1 Schoolmaster, precentor and sexton, @, fl. 30, 360 1 Gunner, (|, 20, 240 1 Provost or Marshal, (S, fl. 15, 180

' Nearly south of the city of Pernambuco, between the river Bibiribe and the sea, is a small tongue of land on which stood a village called the Reciffe, where all goods were shipped and discharged. De Laef. Verliael van West Indien, 191.

1 Director, whose monthly salary should be fl. 250, to board himself, is yearly fl. 3,000 1 Second, and factor and receiver, at fl. 120 per month, as above, 1,440 1 Fiscal, (IL fl. 60 per month, as above 720 1 Secretary, who is also to keep the book of monthly wages, per month fl.60, 720 1 Commissary of the merchandise and store goods @. fl. 60 per month, 720 1 Assistant of the merchandise and store goods, @. fl. 2-5 per month, 300 1 Clergyman, (aX fl. 120 per month, 1,440 1 Schoolmaster, precentor and sexton, @, fl. 30, 360 1 Gunner, (|, 20, 240 1 Provost or Marshal, (S, fl. 15, 180

' Nearly south of the city of Pernambuco, between the river Bibiribe and the sea, is a small tongue of land on which stood a village called the Reciffe, where all goods were shipped and discharged. De Laef. Verliael van West Indien, 191.

156 NEW-YOEK COLONIAL IktAJTUSCRIPTS. 1 Corporal, with a soldier to clean the arms, being also a smith, (a^fl. 15 per month, fl. ISO 1 Commander, (a. fl. 60 per month, 720 1 Ensign, (a. fl. 4-5 -540

2 Serjeants, (3. fl. 2-5 each, 600 2 Corporals, (a. fl. IS each 432 1 Drummer, (S. fl. 13, 156 4 Cadets, (a. fl- 15 each, 720 40 Soldiers, (a^ fl. 13 each, 6,240 1 Surgeon for the soldiers, (a, fl. 25 300 1 .Skipper on tlie sloop, (1. fl. 25, 300 4 Matrosses, (a. fl. 13 per month each, 624 1 Boy, d- fl. 9 per month, lOS

ISO 1 Commander, (a. fl. 60 per month, 720 1 Ensign, (a. fl. 4-5 -540

2 Serjeants, (3. fl. 2-5 each, 600 2 Corporals, (a. fl. IS each 432 1 Drummer, (S. fl. 13, 156 4 Cadets, (a. fl- 15 each, 720 40 Soldiers, (a^ fl. 13 each, 6,240 1 Surgeon for the soldiers, (a, fl. 25 300 1 .Skipper on tlie sloop, (1. fl. 25, 300 4 Matrosses, (a. fl. 13 per month each, 624 1 Boy, d- fl. 9 per month, lOS

69 persons, amount yearly to, fl. 20,040

The mills there must be leased. These officers and servants would be sufficient for the business; and carpenters, masons, smiths and such like ought all to be discharged, and left to work for whomsoever will pav them.

Tie States General to the A-ssemlly of the XIX. r From Uie SCnnle to Ihe Eoyil ArchiTes at the Hagne Tae, WVji Indit. ] :

To the Assembly of the XIX. of the West India Company, the 21^ of April, 1645.

The States, etc. Two 5»e.iiah swpe. The representations and complaint to us of 3/r. Spieringh iho Norsholm, the Queen of Sweden's resident here, relative to your proceedings in the matter of interfering with the cargo of the Royal ships the Calmer sleutd and Fuma, coming from Nora Sutcia, a district in the possession of her Royal Majesty, which vessels ran in here and broke bulk, you will be able to see from the annexed papers, copies of the said Mr. Spieringh's memorial and of the pieces thereunto appended, this day presented to us, which we have hereby resolved to send to you, desiring and requesting that the said laden goods and merchandise of the aforesaid two ships, may be discharged without making any further difficulty therein; our previously repeated resolution and order remaining in force and effect, respecting the eight per cent in question, hereinbefore imposed and exacted on all other such wares and merchandise for the benefit of your Company.

Spieringh's memorial and of the pieces thereunto appended, this day presented to us, which we have hereby resolved to send to you, desiring and requesting that the said laden goods and merchandise of the aforesaid two ships, may be discharged without making any further difficulty therein; our previously repeated resolution and order remaining in force and effect, respecting the eight per cent in question, hereinbefore imposed and exacted on all other such wares and merchandise for the benefit of your Company. Whereupon, relying, etc. Done 21« of April, 1645.

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS : IIL 157

Report on tlie Proceedings of the Assembly of the XIX. 1645.

[ From the Original In the Boyal Archives at the Hagne ; File, Tr««< Indie. \

Summary Report rendered by Mess" Van der Capellen toe Ryssel, Herbers and Nykerk, of the principal matters that occurred in the Assembly of the Nineteen, at Amsterdam, since March, 1645. Exhibited IS"" of July, 1645.

1.Order was introduced last December, in the respective possessions of Brazil, Guinea, Angola, the island of St. Thomas, New Netherland, and answers thereto have been received by the ships which arrived in June, 1645. Every thing is, by God's blessing, in a good condition; and in consequence of the employment of the negroes, which were from time to time introduced from Angola into Brazil, in planting grain, flour is produced in such quantity that what used to always cost S to 10 guilders, still contintes to be sold at the low rate of six stivers, wherefore the Supreme Council now have written to send from here half as much flour as used heretofore to have been conveyed thither. 2. Orders have been made by this Assembly for the aforesaid possessions of the Company; letters have now been sent over to the Directors in those countries on the subject. 3.

Every thing is, by God's blessing, in a good condition; and in consequence of the employment of the negroes, which were from time to time introduced from Angola into Brazil, in planting grain, flour is produced in such quantity that what used to always cost S to 10 guilders, still contintes to be sold at the low rate of six stivers, wherefore the Supreme Council now have written to send from here half as much flour as used heretofore to have been conveyed thither. 2. Orders have been made by this Assembly for the aforesaid possessions of the Company; letters have now been sent over to the Directors in those countries on the subject. 3. Propositions have been made by Directors and principal stockholders of the Amsterdam

Chamber for the opening of the Angola trade to all, to which the other Chambers are strongly opposed. It was to be expected that this would create some difference between this Amsterdam

Chamber and the others, to the loss and discredit of the West India Company; which was prevented by good reasons. The trade principally to Guinea and Angola, is the life of the Company; and the ruin of the latter would follow the deduction or diminution thereof. The Company can neither exist or flourish without commerce ; even though all the public subsidies were promptly paid. The receipts herefrom still keep the Company alive, and furnish means for the equipments and cargoes for these and other coasts. 4. At the request of your High Mightinesses' delegates, something has been proposed by the General Board of Accounts for the support of the Company; namely, 10'= 63 M. guilders yearly ; out of which, they say, the six per cent per annum can be paid. The Chambers have taken the proposition with them in order to resolve thereupon at the next Assembly of the XIX., in Zealand. (No. 1.) 5.

The receipts herefrom still keep the Company alive, and furnish means for the equipments and cargoes for these and other coasts. 4. At the request of your High Mightinesses' delegates, something has been proposed by the General Board of Accounts for the support of the Company; namely, 10'= 63 M. guilders yearly ; out of which, they say, the six per cent per annum can be paid. The Chambers have taken the proposition with them in order to resolve thereupon at the next Assembly of the XIX., in Zealand. (No. 1.) 5. Those responsible to the Company for the domains, provisions, ammunition, will not keep their accounts henceforward according to the Italian mode, but according to order; the public receivers and clerks shall account to the Council of state. 6. Something has been done respecting the supreme government in Brazil, agreeably to the resolutions of the 14''" of December, 1644, and 14"" of April, 1645, Nos. 2 and 3. Four Councillors have been nominated to the supreme government of Brazil; but they have given in some considerations whereon they demand explanation. The nomination and proposing of the President also remain unsettled; all these, as well as the establishment of the Board of accounts in Brazil, and the departure of the delegates to the supreme government, will be arranged at the first meeting of the Assembly of the Nineteen, at Zealand.

158 NEW-YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. The promised subsidies of the state are most necessary for the support of the West India 7.

Four Councillors have been nominated to the supreme government of Brazil; but they have given in some considerations whereon they demand explanation. The nomination and proposing of the President also remain unsettled; all these, as well as the establishment of the Board of accounts in Brazil, and the departure of the delegates to the supreme government, will be arranged at the first meeting of the Assembly of the Nineteen, at Zealand.

158 NEW-YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. The promised subsidies of the state are most necessary for the support of the West India 7.

Company, in this its backward and feeble condition. The Company's shares had been down to 43 and 44, when your High Mightinesses first commenced the reform of its abuses in August, 1G44. And when the Merchants and stockholders perceived the commencement of the reform, the shares advanced to 5S. The opponents of the Company brought the shares down again namely, to 44 and 45, ;

when your High Mightinesses extended, in May of this year, the Charters of the East and West India Companies these opponents misrepresenting and giving a false coloring to your ;

High Mightinesses favor, by reporting at Amsterdam that your High Mightinesses will not contribute any more to the support of the West India Company that such was evident from ;

the fact that your High Mightinesses had extended both Charters, notwithstanding the Directors of the West India Company had been so long at the Hague, soliciting the means of subsistence from your High Mightinesses. 8. Some steps have been taken in New Netherland, to conciliate the Indians, by means of

High Mightinesses favor, by reporting at Amsterdam that your High Mightinesses will not contribute any more to the support of the West India Company that such was evident from ;

the fact that your High Mightinesses had extended both Charters, notwithstanding the Directors of the West India Company had been so long at the Hague, soliciting the means of subsistence from your High Mightinesses. 8. Some steps have been taken in New Netherland, to conciliate the Indians, by means of

our forts and Colonies. The trade will now be open to all the Chambers in common and to all ;

the inhabitants of the United Netherlands. Some proposals have been submitted to make use of Curasao for the improvement of the slave trade from Angola to Curasao. 9. The Chambers intend to fit out some ships for the respective coasts; six to Brazil; two to Guinea, including the cargoes for St. Thomas; three to Angola; one or two to New

Netherland ; and the Chambers have promised to complete the appointed rotations [tourbeurten), to the respective possessions, when your High Mightinesses assist them with a liberal portion of the promised subsidies. Vessels are expected from Brazil and the other coasts; namely, seven from Brazil, one from Guinea. The Hague, the Y July, 1G45. Extract of Appendix. Exhibited 12''' of July, 1645.

Considerations of the General Chamber of Accounts, delivered in the SS""" of June, 1645, to the Hon''''' Assembly of the XIX. as to what might be saved yearlj' here as well as at Brazil and in the other of the Company's possessions.

Netherland ; and the Chambers have promised to complete the appointed rotations [tourbeurten), to the respective possessions, when your High Mightinesses assist them with a liberal portion of the promised subsidies. Vessels are expected from Brazil and the other coasts; namely, seven from Brazil, one from Guinea. The Hague, the Y July, 1G45. Extract of Appendix. Exhibited 12''' of July, 1645.

Considerations of the General Chamber of Accounts, delivered in the SS""" of June, 1645, to the Hon''''' Assembly of the XIX. as to what might be saved yearlj' here as well as at Brazil and in the other of the Company's possessions.

First: The Company should by reducing the Train bands in Brazil, etc. But the chiefest of all is the saving in the equipment of the ships, for if the Chambers retain for themselves only eighteen first class ships, being two for each I, and charter the remainder, a profit will be realized on each ship of at least 1200 guilders a month. The ships which are yearly required in the Company's possessions are, For Guinea, 4 Argyn, Cape Verd, River Gambia, Sierra Leone and the Bight, 4 St. Thomas, 2 Loando, 12 New Netherland and Cura9ao, 2 Brazil, 24

Deduct ships retained, 18

Remain ships to be chartered........ 30

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS : IIL 159 each of which, as above mentioned, will cost the Company 1200 guilders per month less than those they now fit out, and thus it will derive a profit, in the year, of fl. 432,000. With which, in our opinion, the six per cent might be yearly divided, or employed in the purchase of shares, in order to reduce the immense capital or to pay off some of the Company's liabilities. (Signed) Abraham Trouwers. and Gerrit Janssen de Vry.

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS : IIL 159 each of which, as above mentioned, will cost the Company 1200 guilders per month less than those they now fit out, and thus it will derive a profit, in the year, of fl. 432,000. With which, in our opinion, the six per cent might be yearly divided, or employed in the purchase of shares, in order to reduce the immense capital or to pay off some of the Company's liabilities. (Signed) Abraham Trouwers. and Gerrit Janssen de Vry.

Mr. Spieringh to the States General.

t From Ihe Original in the Eoyal Archives a' Ihe Hague ; File, TTijs* Indie. ]

High and Mighty Lords. On the 27"" instant I represented to your High Mightinesses that my factor at Harlingea was called on by the Board of Admiralty at that place to pay the import duties (convoij) on the freights of the royal ships the Cahncrslcutcl and Fama, which I have already once paid to the West India Company at Amsterdam, as appears by the annexed authenticated copy, the original whereof remains with me; and as my said factor at Harlingen still remains impeded, and what has once been paid cannot again be craved, I have to request your High Mightinesses to be pleased to cause the said Board of Admiralty at Harlingen to be forthwith notified to desist from this or farther pretences, and not to give my factor any further trouble or inconvenience in this matter. Which expecting, I wish God Almighty to grant you a long and prosperous reign, remaining. High and Mighty Lords, Your High Mightinesses' affectionate The Hague, (Signed) Peter Spieringh Silvercroon, 31'' of July, 1045. hereditary proprietor of North Holm.

On the 27"" instant I represented to your High Mightinesses that my factor at Harlingea was called on by the Board of Admiralty at that place to pay the import duties (convoij) on the freights of the royal ships the Cahncrslcutcl and Fama, which I have already once paid to the West India Company at Amsterdam, as appears by the annexed authenticated copy, the original whereof remains with me; and as my said factor at Harlingen still remains impeded, and what has once been paid cannot again be craved, I have to request your High Mightinesses to be pleased to cause the said Board of Admiralty at Harlingen to be forthwith notified to desist from this or farther pretences, and not to give my factor any further trouble or inconvenience in this matter. Which expecting, I wish God Almighty to grant you a long and prosperous reign, remaining. High and Mighty Lords, Your High Mightinesses' affectionate The Hague, (Signed) Peter Spieringh Silvercroon, 31'' of July, 1045. hereditary proprietor of North Holm.

Copy. A-ppendix. Received 3V* of Jtdy, 16i5.

5"" of July, 1645, at Amsterdam.

Sieur Lucas Arentsz, Agent of Resident Spierinck, received here the following parcels of Tobacco and Beavers which were brought in the subjoined two Swedish ships from the limits of the Incorporated West India Company in those countries, to wit:

In the Ship the Fame. 10 cases containing 2137 piecesof Beavers, which valued at 7 guilders, amount to, fl. 14,959

Whereof the import duty is 2 stivers on every six guilders' value,. Item, 105 tubs of leaf tobacco, weighing, together, gross 2S,319 lbs.

Sieur Lucas Arentsz, Agent of Resident Spierinck, received here the following parcels of Tobacco and Beavers which were brought in the subjoined two Swedish ships from the limits of the Incorporated West India Company in those countries, to wit:

In the Ship the Fame. 10 cases containing 2137 piecesof Beavers, which valued at 7 guilders, amount to, fl. 14,959

Whereof the import duty is 2 stivers on every six guilders' value,. Item, 105 tubs of leaf tobacco, weighing, together, gross 2S,319 lbs.

Whereof deduct, for tare, being 69 lbs. per tub, 6,300 lbs.

Remains, 22,019 lbs.

160 NEW-YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. And from the Ship the Calmersleulcl. 783 rolls, 53,100 lbs.

For sticks off, estimated at 6 pounds per roll, 4,698 lbs.

nett, 48,402 lbs.

Total, 70,421 lbs.

Whereof the customs amount to 1^ stiv. per pound, fi. 4,401 6

fl. 4,650 12

Thus done, counted and settled with Sieur Lucas Arentsz, above named, in the presence of and before the undersigned Directors of the Chamber at Amsterdam and North quarter in Amsterdam, the 5"" of July, of the year 1645. (Signed) Marcus de Vogelaar, Flooris Huych, Lucas Arentsz.

The four thousand six hundred and fifty guilders twelve stivers, contained in the present

account, are received by us undersigned in our aforementioned quality for the said West India Company from the hands of Sieur Lucas Arentsz, aforesaid, in the name as above; promising to guarantee and release him herein from all demands under bond of the property and effects of the aforesaid Company. In witness whereof is this signed, in Amsterdam, the 5"" day of July, 1645, and was subscribed, Marcus Vogelaar, Flooris Huych.

The four thousand six hundred and fifty guilders twelve stivers, contained in the present

account, are received by us undersigned in our aforementioned quality for the said West India Company from the hands of Sieur Lucas Arentsz, aforesaid, in the name as above; promising to guarantee and release him herein from all demands under bond of the property and effects of the aforesaid Company. In witness whereof is this signed, in Amsterdam, the 5"" day of July, 1645, and was subscribed, Marcus Vogelaar, Flooris Huych.

Agrees, after collation, with its Original, dated and subscribed as above. (Signed) J. Havelaar, Notary public. Done at the Hague the xxix July, XVI. hundred five and forty. 1645 i^

Insiricction-s to the Director General and Council of Neio Neiherland.

[ From the Commitait-loek of the Stales General, in Ihe Royal Archives at the Hagne. ]

Instruction of the Deputies to the Assembly of the XIX. of the General Incorporated West India Company, for the Director and Council of New Netherland, according to which, they are provisionally, and until further order, to regulate themselves.

Folio 197. The supreme government in the countries of New Netherland, shall consist of three persons, namely : the Director as President, his Vice and the Fiscal, by whom occuring

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS: IIL 161

matters appertaining to the police, justice, militia, dignity and rights of the Company, shall be treated and decided, each, nevertheless, being bound to vindicate his own commission. With this understanding, however, that in all cases wherein the Advocate fiscal shall be bound to prosecute, whether civilly or criminally, for the preservation of the right of the supreme government or the Company, the military command shall succeed to his place, and in criminal cases, two capable persons from the Commonalty shall, moreover, be joined from the district or Colonie where the crime or deed was committed.

matters appertaining to the police, justice, militia, dignity and rights of the Company, shall be treated and decided, each, nevertheless, being bound to vindicate his own commission. With this understanding, however, that in all cases wherein the Advocate fiscal shall be bound to prosecute, whether civilly or criminally, for the preservation of the right of the supreme government or the Company, the military command shall succeed to his place, and in criminal cases, two capable persons from the Commonalty shall, moreover, be joined from the district or Colonie where the crime or deed was committed. Regarding the prosecution of the settlement of the limits between New Netherland and the English, it is not yet determined to proceed therein; but the Director and Council are enjoined to see that the English do not incroach further on the Company's lands. Meanwhile, they are to try if the settlement of the limits cannot be arranged yonder with the aforesaid English, and if these are found so inclined, advice thereof shall be sent here by the first opportunity, together with pertinent information what extent of the Company's lands the English possess, in order to be instructed thereupon, when seen; all, with this understanding however, that the aforesaid English who are at present and have settled, within the Company's district, or who will be disposed to come and settle therein, must be subject to the Company's government there, and to that end take the oath of fidelity to the High and Mighty Lords States General and the West India Cfimpany, and consequently be, at the same time, accounted in no other wise than as original subjects. In order to reestablish peace and quietness, in the country, they shall endeavor, by all possible means to pacify and give satisfaction to the Indians : and the Director and Council are enjoined to promote, on the one side, the Company's interest and the welfare of the Commonalty, and on the other hand, to maintain good correspondence with the neighbors, and especially with the Indians.

Meanwhile, they are to try if the settlement of the limits cannot be arranged yonder with the aforesaid English, and if these are found so inclined, advice thereof shall be sent here by the first opportunity, together with pertinent information what extent of the Company's lands the English possess, in order to be instructed thereupon, when seen; all, with this understanding however, that the aforesaid English who are at present and have settled, within the Company's district, or who will be disposed to come and settle therein, must be subject to the Company's government there, and to that end take the oath of fidelity to the High and Mighty Lords States General and the West India Cfimpany, and consequently be, at the same time, accounted in no other wise than as original subjects. In order to reestablish peace and quietness, in the country, they shall endeavor, by all possible means to pacify and give satisfaction to the Indians : and the Director and Council are enjoined to promote, on the one side, the Company's interest and the welfare of the Commonalty, and on the other hand, to maintain good correspondence with the neighbors, and especially with the Indians. They shall endeavor as much as possible, that the colonists settle themselves with a certain number of families on some of the most suitable places, in the manner of villages, towns and hamlets, as the English are in the habit of doing, who thereby live more securely; this was also the Company's intention when it granted the heretofore printed Freedoms, and the amplification thereof. The aforesaid Director and Council shall speedily advance the repairs of Fort Amsterdam, for which purpose it is thought to be best, and least expensive to the Company, to have it

They shall endeavor as much as possible, that the colonists settle themselves with a certain number of families on some of the most suitable places, in the manner of villages, towns and hamlets, as the English are in the habit of doing, who thereby live more securely; this was also the Company's intention when it granted the heretofore printed Freedoms, and the amplification thereof. The aforesaid Director and Council shall speedily advance the repairs of Fort Amsterdam, for which purpose it is thought to be best, and least expensive to the Company, to have it

repaired with clay, earth and firm sods, and that efforts be made, by some presents, to encourage the soldiers thereto, and to oblige them to keep it in permanent repair. Also, as it is of the highest importance to the colonists to have a good and safe retreat in case of necessity

(which God forbid), they ought to be induced, for this once, to assist the work; and the Director is commanded to pay strict attention in future to the ordinary repairs. The persons hereinafter specified, shall be maintained for garrisoning the fort, at such

allowance as shall be most advantageous to the Company, and for greater security, the Colonists and their servants shall be bound under certain penalty, to provide themselves with good guns and other arms for their defence, in order to be, with the garrison in time of need, a watch against any general attack, without the Director, colonists or any other person whatsoever, having the power of enlisting any soldiers, be they few or many, at the Company's expense.

allowance as shall be most advantageous to the Company, and for greater security, the Colonists and their servants shall be bound under certain penalty, to provide themselves with good guns and other arms for their defence, in order to be, with the garrison in time of need, a watch against any general attack, without the Director, colonists or any other person whatsoever, having the power of enlisting any soldiers, be they few or many, at the Company's expense.

Vol. I. 21

162 NEW-YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. Further, inasmuch as tlie respective colonies were allowed by the Freedoms, to commission one or two persons, to inform the Director and Council, at least every twelve months, of the state and condition of their Colonies, the same is again confirmed. The Director and Council shall cause the Colonists and freemen to settle, first of all, on the Island Manhattes and point out to them as much land as they shall be able to cultivate, either in planting tobacco or grain or any other crops to which the soil is adapted, and from which they will expect to be able to derive the largest profit. And for the promotion of agriculture there, it is deemed proper to permit, at the request of the Patroons, colonists and other farmers, the conveyance thither of as many Negroes as they are willing to purchase at a fair price ; and the Director and Council shall notify the Assembly hereof every year, when further order shall be taken regarding the transport of Negroes thither. And although it is proposed, for the greater encouragement of the population, to reserve the trade with the Indians exclusively to the Patroons, Colonists and free farmers resident there, without permitting any import merchants {pcrmissie merders) to carry on any interior trade with said Indians, it is, nevertheless, resolved, as regards this, to adhere to the existing practice, but the Director and Council shall take information hereupon, to serve as advice to the Assembly.

And for the promotion of agriculture there, it is deemed proper to permit, at the request of the Patroons, colonists and other farmers, the conveyance thither of as many Negroes as they are willing to purchase at a fair price ; and the Director and Council shall notify the Assembly hereof every year, when further order shall be taken regarding the transport of Negroes thither. And although it is proposed, for the greater encouragement of the population, to reserve the trade with the Indians exclusively to the Patroons, Colonists and free farmers resident there, without permitting any import merchants {pcrmissie merders) to carry on any interior trade with said Indians, it is, nevertheless, resolved, as regards this, to adhere to the existing practice, but the Director and Council shall take information hereupon, to serve as advice to the Assembly. The aforesaid Director and Council shall pay strict regard that no arms or munitions of war shall be sold by the freemen to the Indians, nor by the import merchants to the freemen or Indians upon certain heavy penalties to be thereon enacted, but the freemen who shall require any thing of the sort, shall be at liberty to procure them from the Company's store, on the order of the Directors and Council. And whereas the Company hath now resolved to throw open to private persons the trade which it hath exclusively carried on with New Nertherland, and to empower the respective

Chambers of the Company to give permission to all private inhabitants of these countries to sail with their own ships to New Netherland, the Virginias, the Swedish, English and French colonies, the Bermudas or any other places situate thereabouts, according to the drafted regulation, they shall, therefore, strictly observe and cause to be obsered, that the contents thereof shall be attended to, as much as is in their pov^-er, proceeding against the contraveners, agreeably to the first article of the charter, and the tenor of the regulation already enacted, or to be hereafter made, and regarding the receipts of duties, tolls, and other customs already, or to be hereafter, imposed as well on exported, as on imported, goods, for so much thereof as shall have to be paid in that, and not in this, country.

Chambers of the Company to give permission to all private inhabitants of these countries to sail with their own ships to New Netherland, the Virginias, the Swedish, English and French colonies, the Bermudas or any other places situate thereabouts, according to the drafted regulation, they shall, therefore, strictly observe and cause to be obsered, that the contents thereof shall be attended to, as much as is in their pov^-er, proceeding against the contraveners, agreeably to the first article of the charter, and the tenor of the regulation already enacted, or to be hereafter made, and regarding the receipts of duties, tolls, and other customs already, or to be hereafter, imposed as well on exported, as on imported, goods, for so much thereof as shall have to be paid in that, and not in this, country. All which Points and Articles the Director and Council shall be bound to observe and to follow, as closely as possible, regulating themselves further according to the Instructions heretofore given for the government of those countries, so far as they are not by these presents altered, or may not be hereafter changed, which power this Assembly reserves unto itself. Thus done and resolved in the Assembly of the XIX. of the General Incorporated West India Company in Amsterdam, in the year IG4o, the 7"" of July. Was paraphed. Hern van der Capellen toe Ryssel. Under -- By order of the same. (Signed) Gysbert Rxidolpht. Enregistered in the Acte-hock of the States General, on the 26 July, 1646.

All which Points and Articles the Director and Council shall be bound to observe and to follow, as closely as possible, regulating themselves further according to the Instructions heretofore given for the government of those countries, so far as they are not by these presents altered, or may not be hereafter changed, which power this Assembly reserves unto itself. Thus done and resolved in the Assembly of the XIX. of the General Incorporated West India Company in Amsterdam, in the year IG4o, the 7"" of July. Was paraphed. Hern van der Capellen toe Ryssel. Under -- By order of the same. (Signed) Gysbert Rxidolpht. Enregistered in the Acte-hock of the States General, on the 26 July, 1646.

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS: III. 168

Subjects for the Consideration of the Assemlly of the XIX. 1645.

[ From the Original in ll>s Eojal Archives at the Hague. ]

Points whereupon all the Chambers of the West India Company are summoned to meet at Middelburg on the 2""* of September 1645, extracted so far as relates to the affairs of New Netherland. Read the lo'"" of August, 1645. IS"- Point.

The Chambers will be pleased to instruct their deputies regarding the affairs of New Netherland, in order to resume the business of the 6"" and 7"" of July, and to resolve afterwards as shall be most serviceable and most advantageous for the Company.

14'\ What shall be done respecting the island of Cura9ao ; for it is certainly to be presumed that to maintain it as has been previously done,the Company. is And the too great a tax on Amsterdam Chamber which hath hitherto had the direction thereof, is requested to send its deputies prepared to give full explanation to serve for instruction in the resolution.

The Chambers will be pleased to instruct their deputies regarding the affairs of New Netherland, in order to resume the business of the 6"" and 7"" of July, and to resolve afterwards as shall be most serviceable and most advantageous for the Company.

14'\ What shall be done respecting the island of Cura9ao ; for it is certainly to be presumed that to maintain it as has been previously done,the Company. is And the too great a tax on Amsterdam Chamber which hath hitherto had the direction thereof, is requested to send its deputies prepared to give full explanation to serve for instruction in the resolution.

Proceedings of the Assembly of the XIX. in regard to JVew, Netherland. 1645.

[ From the Copy In the Eoyal Archives at the Hagne Loketkaa of the States General ; ; Division, West Indische Compagnie, No. 17.]

Extracts from the Resolutions of the Assembly of the XIX. of the West India Company, holden at Middelburg, from the Q"" of September to the 16"" of October, 1645, as far as tliey relate to the affairs of New Netherland.

Tuesday, the 21^' September, 1G45. The opinion of the before mentioned deputies being heard, it is, after divers discourses between the members from Amsterdam and other Chambers, concluded and resolved, inasmuch as some Clergymen are about to return home from Brazil, that they be permitted to return, and that the number of those who shall remain there be limited to nine persons, to wit: one for each ninth part, to be distributed by the President and Supreme Council among the principal places where the hearers are most numerous, and their services shall be most advantageous. And that the smaller places shall be served by precentors, comforters of the sick, and schoolmasters who shall offer up public prayers, read aloud from the old and new testament, from printed sermons, and tune the psalms.

The opinion of the before mentioned deputies being heard, it is, after divers discourses between the members from Amsterdam and other Chambers, concluded and resolved, inasmuch as some Clergymen are about to return home from Brazil, that they be permitted to return, and that the number of those who shall remain there be limited to nine persons, to wit: one for each ninth part, to be distributed by the President and Supreme Council among the principal places where the hearers are most numerous, and their services shall be most advantageous. And that the smaller places shall be served by precentors, comforters of the sick, and schoolmasters who shall offer up public prayers, read aloud from the old and new testament, from printed sermons, and tune the psalms. But inasmuch as the Amsterdam Ciiamber maintains, at its charge, seven of the aforesaid clergymen, besides one in Curagao, one in New Netherland and one in Loando, making 10 in all; on the other hand, Zealand and the Maese have only one; Zealand and North Holland is to send one, and Stadt en Landen^ hath sent one by the last ship; it is resolved that the

' In 1594, Prince Maurice reduced the city of Groningen and united the Ommelanden, or surrounding rural districts, to it aa one province. Martinet. Beschryving der Nederlanden, II., 148. The province of Groningen was hence aometimee called Btadt en Landen ; city and country. -- Ed.

164 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. Supreme government in Brazil shall be bound herein to make an equal repartition of those

But inasmuch as the Amsterdam Ciiamber maintains, at its charge, seven of the aforesaid clergymen, besides one in Curagao, one in New Netherland and one in Loando, making 10 in all; on the other hand, Zealand and the Maese have only one; Zealand and North Holland is to send one, and Stadt en Landen^ hath sent one by the last ship; it is resolved that the

' In 1594, Prince Maurice reduced the city of Groningen and united the Ommelanden, or surrounding rural districts, to it aa one province. Martinet. Beschryving der Nederlanden, II., 148. The province of Groningen was hence aometimee called Btadt en Landen ; city and country. -- Ed.

164 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. Supreme government in Brazil shall be bound herein to make an equal repartition of those

who are to remain in the service or are sent out, in order that thus the nine parts hereafter to be borne by the members, be equally charged. The Commissioners named on the 9"" instant, etc. Read a remonstrance from Director Petrus Stuyvesandt, containing divers considerations relative to the island of Curacao and New Netherland ; also, read the 13"" and 14"' points of reference, both regarding the aforesaid countries; question having been put, it is resolved to refer the received remonstrance to the Commissioners who shall examine it, and advise the Assembly on the points of reference, and thereunto are appointed Mess" Van Hecke, de Laet, Hamel, Haelewyn, Huigh and Iddekinghe.

Tue.'sday, the SG"- of Sept% 1645. Read a letter from Willem Kieft, Director of New Netherland, written the 2"^ of August, 1645, from fort New Amsterdam to the Amsterdam Chamber, and it is resolved to place it in the hands of the Committee on the 13"" and 14"' points of reference, to be made use of in their business.

Read a remonstrance from Director Petrus Stuyvesandt, containing divers considerations relative to the island of Curacao and New Netherland ; also, read the 13"" and 14"' points of reference, both regarding the aforesaid countries; question having been put, it is resolved to refer the received remonstrance to the Commissioners who shall examine it, and advise the Assembly on the points of reference, and thereunto are appointed Mess" Van Hecke, de Laet, Hamel, Haelewyn, Huigh and Iddekinghe.

Tue.'sday, the SG"- of Sept% 1645. Read a letter from Willem Kieft, Director of New Netherland, written the 2"^ of August, 1645, from fort New Amsterdam to the Amsterdam Chamber, and it is resolved to place it in the hands of the Committee on the 13"" and 14"' points of reference, to be made use of in their business.

Wednesday, the 11"- of October, 1645. The Commissaries named on the 22-* instant' to examine the 12"" point of reference, speaking of the Yachts at present within the charter, and which are yet to be dispatched, have found that, of those sentby the Amsterdam Chamber to the respective places within the Charter, the following are still in the public service: The Santvoort, Spreeuw, Gulderee, on the coast of Brazil. Sloterdyk, Reyger, Heemstee, Vlug, on the coast of Angola. Reael, Fortuyntjen, on the coast of Guinea. Neptuynis, Cat, Parquit, in the West Indies. From Zealand, the Yachts, etc.

Tuesday, the 12"' of October, 1645. The Commissioners being again assembled on the 13"" and 14"" points of reference, pursuant to the resolution of the 11"" instant, report, that before they can determine to express their opinion, the Chambers ought categorically to declare whether they will obey and execute the resolutions adopted on the 5"" and 7"" of July last respecting New Netherland; whereupon, question being put, the deputies from the Chamber of Zealand declared, that they are instructed not to consent to the contribution of any money for the benefit of the aforesaid New Netherland ; but it may be inquired how such might be eflected on certain conditions to be considered; the Company reserving to itself the supreme authority.

The Commissioners being again assembled on the 13"" and 14"" points of reference, pursuant to the resolution of the 11"" instant, report, that before they can determine to express their opinion, the Chambers ought categorically to declare whether they will obey and execute the resolutions adopted on the 5"" and 7"" of July last respecting New Netherland; whereupon, question being put, the deputies from the Chamber of Zealand declared, that they are instructed not to consent to the contribution of any money for the benefit of the aforesaid New Netherland ; but it may be inquired how such might be eflected on certain conditions to be considered; the Company reserving to itself the supreme authority. Those of Amsterdam, Maese and the North Quarter declare, that their Chambers are ready to and will execute the resolutions of the 5"" and 7"" of July aforesaid; those of the city of Groeningen and Ommelanden (say) the circumstances of their Chambers do not admit of furnishing any money at present for New Netherland, but that their intention would truly agree with that of Zealand. The Commissioners having heard this declaration, further report that they are of opinion, that the dissenting (dificulterende) Chambers shall declare whether they will abstain from all

interference with New Netherland, and leave the management, on such plan as they may

:

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS: IIL 165

determine to enact, to those who shall carry out the resolutions, without meddling with that country again in case the condition of affairs there may hereafter improve. The deputies from Zealand, being requested, have undertaken to communicate further with their principals hereupon, in order to be prepared to-morrow, and those of Stadl en Landen will inform the Amsterdam Chamber within the space of one month, or sooner if possible.

interference with New Netherland, and leave the management, on such plan as they may

:

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS: IIL 165

determine to enact, to those who shall carry out the resolutions, without meddling with that country again in case the condition of affairs there may hereafter improve. The deputies from Zealand, being requested, have undertaken to communicate further with their principals hereupon, in order to be prepared to-morrow, and those of Stadl en Landen will inform the Amsterdam Chamber within the space of one month, or sooner if possible.

Friday, the IS"" of October, 1645. Regarding New Netherland: the gentlemen of Zealand being asked, pursuant to yesterday's resolution, declared their instructions to be, as before stated that they cannot resolve to ;

contribute any thing to New Netherland ; whereupon, the other Chambers in all cases decide that Zealand is bound to execute the resolution of the previous XiX; and they persisting, it is resolved and concluded, that the equipment for New Netherland shall be completed according

to the resolution of the previous Assembly, on condition, if any members fail to pay their contingent to the Amsterdam Chamber, the supreme government in Brazil shall be notified to charge the deficiency to the account of the Chambers, and to make good the same in sugar, to Amsterdam. On the petition of Albert Adriaense Van der Wielen, etc. It being stated that one Laurents Cornelisen, being banished from New Netherland, requests permission to be at liberty to go thither whenever the new Director proceeds there, and to pursue in peace, without being troubled by justice, some other business than that which he followed when he was banished ; on hearing further explanation of the circumstances of the case, it is resolved to leave the convict (gesenlentieerde) as he is, and that the petition lie on

It being stated that one Laurents Cornelisen, being banished from New Netherland, requests permission to be at liberty to go thither whenever the new Director proceeds there, and to pursue in peace, without being troubled by justice, some other business than that which he followed when he was banished ; on hearing further explanation of the circumstances of the case, it is resolved to leave the convict (gesenlentieerde) as he is, and that the petition lie on

the table.

Saturday, the 14"' of October, 1645.

On resuming, the Chamber of Zealand adhering to its declaration rendered yesterday, and the other Chambers to the resolution, the proposal of the commissioners named on the la"" of September, and whose report was made on the 10"" of this current month, relative to the 14"" and 13"" points of reference respecting Curasao and New Netherland, was consequently confirmed, reading, word for word, as follows

Project how Cura§ao can best be kept under the Director of New Netherland, and the old people be brought thence.

There were on the aforesaid island, on th% 1"' of September, 1644, in officers, train and military persons Heads, 116 The ship Swol, carrying 22 guns, 76 yacht Cat, do 14 do 50 Neptuynis, do 10 do 46 Paroquit, do 5 do 30

Heads, 318

:

166 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. The aforesaid place might be henceforth garrisoned with 116 men, whose pay for a year would amount to 1 Commandant with a lieutenant, per month, fl- 60 1 Ensign, 36 1 Comforter of the sick, 30 1 Superintendent of the store with an auditor, 22 1 Clerk, 14 2 Serjeants at fl. 18, 36 1 Smith and 1 corporal of the armory, 20 2 Mason and carpenter @. fl. 22, 44 1 Barber (surgeon), 24 1 Barber's mate, 12 1 Baker, 18 I Baker's man, 12 1 Gunner, IS 2 Corporals@, fl. 12, 24 60 Soldiers(a fl. 8, 480 12 Troopers (a, fl. 12, 144 8 Hands for the sloop per month, fl. 10, 80

The aforesaid place might be henceforth garrisoned with 116 men, whose pay for a year would amount to 1 Commandant with a lieutenant, per month, fl- 60 1 Ensign, 36 1 Comforter of the sick, 30 1 Superintendent of the store with an auditor, 22 1 Clerk, 14 2 Serjeants at fl. 18, 36 1 Smith and 1 corporal of the armory, 20 2 Mason and carpenter @. fl. 22, 44 1 Barber (surgeon), 24 1 Barber's mate, 12 1 Baker, 18 I Baker's man, 12 1 Gunner, IS 2 Corporals@, fl. 12, 24 60 Soldiers(a fl. 8, 480 12 Troopers (a, fl. 12, 144 8 Hands for the sloop per month, fl. 10, 80

The yacht, the Paroquit, requires further 1 Skipper per month, 45 1 Pilot, 28 1 Supercargo, 16 1 Chief boatswain, 18 1 Gunner, 16 15 Sailors, 130

116 persons cost per month, the sum of fl. 1,327

And the pay for 12 months, amounts to fl. 15,900. For maintenance of the garrison, also for the Indians, it is necessary to send from Fatherland in provisions, stores, merchandize, etc., to the amount, as per list N" , about the sura of fl 18,356. A first class ship and flyboat will have to be sent from Fatherland with 70 soldiers and 20 seamen, for the purpose of conveying the people, provisions, etc., to Curagao, and relieving the old garrison, on the calculation that 26 men can be selected from the old hands, which would then make up the 116 persons, as hereinbefore stated. Which aforesaid ship and flyboat will have to carry out from Fatherland all the necessaries, agreeably to list number 1, already enumerated, together with the necessaries, according to lists Nos. ^, 3 and 4. Having arrived at Cura§ao and landed the people, the first class ship should retain the necessaries in list No. 2, which amount to the sum of fl. 6,698.14.

A first class ship and flyboat will have to be sent from Fatherland with 70 soldiers and 20 seamen, for the purpose of conveying the people, provisions, etc., to Curagao, and relieving the old garrison, on the calculation that 26 men can be selected from the old hands, which would then make up the 116 persons, as hereinbefore stated. Which aforesaid ship and flyboat will have to carry out from Fatherland all the necessaries, agreeably to list number 1, already enumerated, together with the necessaries, according to lists Nos. ^, 3 and 4. Having arrived at Cura§ao and landed the people, the first class ship should retain the necessaries in list No. 2, which amount to the sum of fl. 6,698.14. And there embark 130 of the old forces, and deliver to the Cat the necessaries in list

No. 3, fl. 3,999.4. The aforesaid yacht, the Cat, to be manned with 60 of the old forces at Curasao.

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS : III. 167 And also to deliver over to the yacht Ncptmjnis, the like necessaries, according to list No. 3, amounting to fl. 3,999.4. The aforesaid Nepfuynis to be, in like manner, manned with 60 of the old forces. In the aforesaid first class ship and two yachts, ought to be laden the 2700 first quality hides, lying there; and thus return home after cruising together through the West Indies, as long as their provisions permit. The flyboat and the ship Swol, ought to take on board all the old iron, unnecessary ordinance and other useless stores, along with as many horses, and as much salt and dried codfish, as can be stored therein; with which the Director and the remainder of the old forces, being about 60 persons, should proceed to New Netherland, taking with him the stores, as per list No. 4, amounting to fl. 779.5.

In the aforesaid first class ship and two yachts, ought to be laden the 2700 first quality hides, lying there; and thus return home after cruising together through the West Indies, as long as their provisions permit. The flyboat and the ship Swol, ought to take on board all the old iron, unnecessary ordinance and other useless stores, along with as many horses, and as much salt and dried codfish, as can be stored therein; with which the Director and the remainder of the old forces, being about 60 persons, should proceed to New Netherland, taking with him the stores, as per list No. 4, amounting to fl. 779.5. On arriving in New Netherland, the ship Swol, being old, ought to be sold,' together with the horses, the salt and old iron ; the soldiers who are to be brought along, should be retained in garrison there; and the flyboat, with the guns from Curasao, the dried codfish and the New Netherland soldiers, sent home, with intelligence whether peace has been concluded with the Indians. If so, it will be necessary to send a fast sailing frigate or boat, to be dispatched from New Netherland with provisions to Curagao to return thence with horses and salt, ;

which can be sold in New Netherland, especially the horses, at a high price. Were Cura9ao also placed under the government of New Netherland, the garrison could be maintained at little expense, and the poor people preserved from the dreadful famine to which they have sometimes been subject. It had been much more advantageous for the Company to abandon the island of Curasao; but this cannot be effected without the coi'iperation of their High Mightinesses and his Highness; and although it could be accomplished, yet we are obliged to incur the greater part of the aforesaid expense to bring the people thence.

Were Cura9ao also placed under the government of New Netherland, the garrison could be maintained at little expense, and the poor people preserved from the dreadful famine to which they have sometimes been subject. It had been much more advantageous for the Company to abandon the island of Curasao; but this cannot be effected without the coi'iperation of their High Mightinesses and his Highness; and although it could be accomplished, yet we are obliged to incur the greater part of the aforesaid expense to bring the people thence. Meanwhile, their High Mightinesses and his Highness, will be informed of the situation of the aforesaid Island ; and that, in New Netherland, we can possess all the advantages over the enemy, except the great quantity of horses, which can be taken from Curagao to the Continent ; and thus the aforesaid Island must be provided with the said garrison until their Mightinesses, upon application, shall resolve to abandon it.

List of the provisions, stores and merchandise required for the Island Cura9ao, including the bark Paroquit, the sloop and large boat, in all 116 persons, as well marines as train bands, for one year.

25 barrels of beef @, fl. 90 the bbl., fl. 2,250 19 barrels of pork @, fl. 62^ the bbl., 1,187 10 10 cans of oil (a, fl. 80, 800 12 hogsheads of vinegar @^ fl. 20, 240 3G barrels of groats, , 864 26 barrels of beans @, fl. 13, 14 stiv., 336 14 ditto, grey peas, (a, 19, 4 stiv., 268 16 14 ditto, white peas, (a, 19, 4, 268 16

List of the provisions, stores and merchandise required for the Island Cura9ao, including the bark Paroquit, the sloop and large boat, in all 116 persons, as well marines as train bands, for one year.

25 barrels of beef @, fl. 90 the bbl., fl. 2,250 19 barrels of pork @, fl. 62^ the bbl., 1,187 10 10 cans of oil (a, fl. 80, 800 12 hogsheads of vinegar @^ fl. 20, 240 3G barrels of groats, , 864 26 barrels of beans @, fl. 13, 14 stiv., 336 14 ditto, grey peas, (a, 19, 4 stiv., 268 16 14 ditto, white peas, (a, 19, 4, 268 16

' This vesB«l was sold, in September, 1647, to Mr. Goodyear, deputy governor of New Hayen.

]68 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. 7,200 lbs. dried codfish @, fl. 9, per 100 lbs., 648 3,600 lbs. bread at same price, 324 20,000 lbs. meal (a|. fl. 5 per 100 lbs., 1,000 3,000 lbs. cheese (a, fl. 17 per 100 lbs., 510 2 barrels butter (a, fl. S3 per bbl., 166 9 casks Spanish wine (& fl. 70 ea., 630 3 ditto, French wine (^ fl. 40 ea., 120 Spices, mace, nutmegs, pepper, ginger, cloves, sugar and prunes, for the sick, 250 10,123 6

Stores for the ship Paroquit, sloop, and jolly boat.

2 bales of canvas (a fl. 150 ea., fl. 300 100 lbs. of best bolt rope come to 16 30 lbs. of sail yarn @^ 9 stiv. per lb., 12 12 bundles of assorted thread, 13 12 45 bundles of marline @^ 4 stiv. ea., 9 40 bundles of huisingh (ax 6 stiv., 12 43 bundles of twine @^ 5 stiv., 5 15 600 lbs. light running line, 96 8 tons of tar (a. fl. 12 the ton, 96 2 barrels of pitch @, fl. 12, 24 3 barrels of rosin (S. fl. 30, 90 60 clew lines {douivens werck), @^ 6 St., IS 1 prince's flag, for the fort, 33 100 boards, 200 9 hamburg planks, 63 70 boat planks, 1 11

2 bales of canvas (a fl. 150 ea., fl. 300 100 lbs. of best bolt rope come to 16 30 lbs. of sail yarn @^ 9 stiv. per lb., 12 12 bundles of assorted thread, 13 12 45 bundles of marline @^ 4 stiv. ea., 9 40 bundles of huisingh (ax 6 stiv., 12 43 bundles of twine @^ 5 stiv., 5 15 600 lbs. light running line, 96 8 tons of tar (a. fl. 12 the ton, 96 2 barrels of pitch @, fl. 12, 24 3 barrels of rosin (S. fl. 30, 90 60 clew lines {douivens werck), @^ 6 St., IS 1 prince's flag, for the fort, 33 100 boards, 200 9 hamburg planks, 63 70 boat planks, 1 11

500 norway deals, 225 50 sawed boards, 30 1,000 assorted spikes, 160 1 hide of pump leather, 12 10 100 lbs. suet, 25 100 lbs. tallow, 24 300 lbs. double medium nails, 48 1,596 17

Ammunition for fort Amsterdam and the yacht Paroquit.

1200 lbs. new powder, fl. 405 50 fivelb.balls, ..' 15 600 lbs. of musket balls, 90 600 lbs. pig lead, 60 4 reams cartridge paper, 60

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS : III. 169

20 lbs. cartridge thread, 20 10 kegs of black, 1 keg of red, 1 keg of white, \ paint, 80 1 keg of red, 1 ditto of yellow,; 1 small barrel of linseed oil, 36

Materials for the use of the Salt manufacture and agriculture.

30 barrows for unloading salt (ai 25 stiv., ea, fl- 73 60 bound shovels, (^ 18 stiv., 5-1

1200 lbs. new powder, fl. 405 50 fivelb.balls, ..' 15 600 lbs. of musket balls, 90 600 lbs. pig lead, 60 4 reams cartridge paper, 60

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS : III. 169

20 lbs. cartridge thread, 20 10 kegs of black, 1 keg of red, 1 keg of white, \ paint, 80 1 keg of red, 1 ditto of yellow,; 1 small barrel of linseed oil, 36

Materials for the use of the Salt manufacture and agriculture.

30 barrows for unloading salt (ai 25 stiv., ea, fl- 73 60 bound shovels, (^ 18 stiv., 5-1

40 hollow ditto, @, 8 stiv., 16 100 axes, @. 15 stiv., 90 100 chopping knives, @^ 18 stiv., 90 3 chaldrons of smith's coals, @. fl. 22, 66 2 seins,@,fl.66, 132

Cargoes for distribution among the Indians and Negroes, for clothi

600 ells of white linen, 12 (aX 14 stiv. the ell., fl. 360 300 pairs of shoes, from 7 to 10 sizes, @. 28 stiv., 420 400 ells coarse linen @^ 6 stiv., 120 30 lbs. gray yarn, 30 150 packs linen clothes, 300 1,230

For the office.

5 reams of paper, fl. 25 6 blank books, 42 6 penknives, 3 20 bundles of quilis; 9 Ink powder, 4 One medicine chest, well supplied with good and fresh medicines.

Invoice of merchandise necessary to be distributed to the garrisons in part payment of their monthly wages.

3 ps. of colored everlasting, fl- 96 3 ps. of muslin, 60 3 ps. of colored coarse camlet, 102 3 ps. of colored camlet, 90

For the office.

5 reams of paper, fl. 25 6 blank books, 42 6 penknives, 3 20 bundles of quilis; 9 Ink powder, 4 One medicine chest, well supplied with good and fresh medicines.

Invoice of merchandise necessary to be distributed to the garrisons in part payment of their monthly wages.

3 ps. of colored everlasting, fl- 96 3 ps. of muslin, 60 3 ps. of colored coarse camlet, 102 3 ps. of colored camlet, 90

Vol. I. 22

J -- ;

170 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS.

4 ps. of Haerlem narrow stuff, 36 500 prs. of shoes @^ 5 stiv. the pair, 750 2 ps. of mixed cloth, 300 1 pc. of red , 900 ells of linen cloth @. 15 stiv., 675 300 ells (a. 25 stiv. per ell, 375 600 ells unbleached linen @. 8 stiv., 240 silk thread, assorted balls, 200 a tin service (a. 230 lbs. tin, 149 10 3 doz. napkins, 36 1 doz. towels, 10 6 tablecloths 24 2,985 10

fl. 17,675 13

The ship that carries the provisions thither, being to be manned with 130 hands, and cruising through the West Indies on her return home, requires provisions as follows :

16 barrels of Beef@,fl. 90 the bbl., fl. 1,440 15 ditto of Pork @, fl. 62J " " 937 10 5J awms of Oil @. fl.80 " awm, 440 5 hogsheads Vinegar @^ fl. 25 ea., 125 18 barrels white peas (S, fl. 19 the bbl., 342 10 barrels grey peas " " 190 6 ditto beans @, fl. 13 14 stiv., " 79 4 18 ditto groats @, fl. 24, " " 432 5000 lbs, dried codfish @, fl. 9 per 100, 450 15000 " bread @, fl. 9 " 100, 1,350 300 Cheeses, being 3000 lbs. (a, fl. 17 the 100, 410 4 casks of Spanish wine, 360 1 ditto Brandy, 100 1 case J wax candles, 50

16 barrels of Beef@,fl. 90 the bbl., fl. 1,440 15 ditto of Pork @, fl. 62J " " 937 10 5J awms of Oil @. fl.80 " awm, 440 5 hogsheads Vinegar @^ fl. 25 ea., 125 18 barrels white peas (S, fl. 19 the bbl., 342 10 barrels grey peas " " 190 6 ditto beans @, fl. 13 14 stiv., " 79 4 18 ditto groats @, fl. 24, " " 432 5000 lbs, dried codfish @, fl. 9 per 100, 450 15000 " bread @, fl. 9 " 100, 1,350 300 Cheeses, being 3000 lbs. (a, fl. 17 the 100, 410 4 casks of Spanish wine, 360 1 ditto Brandy, 100 1 case J wax candles, 50

fl. 6,698 14

List of the Provisions for the Yacht the Neptuynis, having a crew of 60 persons, to return to Fatherland with them after cruising through the West Indies requires therefor the following provisions, stores, and munitions of War.

7 bbls. of Beef d, fl. 90 per bbl., fl. 630 6 ditto of Pork (a 62J " fl. 375 2 awms of Oil (3. fl. 80 per awm, 200 2 half casks of Vinegar (3, fl. 32, 64 8 bbls. white peas (a, fl. 19 4 St. per bbl., 153 12

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS : IIL 171

6 bbls. grey peas @, fl. 19 4 st. per bbl., 96 4 ditto beans (a, fl. 12 14 St., •' 54 16 8 ditto groats @, fl. 24 " " 192 2,000 lbs. dried codfisii @, fl. 9 per 100, 180 6,000 lbs. biscuit @,fl. 9 per 100 540 130 Cheeses, being 1,300 lbs., @, fl. 17 per 100, 221 3 casks Spanish wine, 270 1 ditto Brandy, 100 i awm Train oil, 27 1 cask i wax i tallow candles, 50

6 bbls. grey peas @, fl. 19 4 st. per bbl., 96 4 ditto beans (a, fl. 12 14 St., •' 54 16 8 ditto groats @, fl. 24 " " 192 2,000 lbs. dried codfisii @, fl. 9 per 100, 180 6,000 lbs. biscuit @,fl. 9 per 100 540 130 Cheeses, being 1,300 lbs., @, fl. 17 per 100, 221 3 casks Spanish wine, 270 1 ditto Brandy, 100 i awm Train oil, 27 1 cask i wax i tallow candles, 50

Total of the provisions, fl. 3,150 8

1 bale of canvas, 170 100 lbs. of bolt rope, 16 20 lbs. sail yarn @. 10 stiv. per lb, 10 li ton of Tar @, fl. 12 the ton, 18 1 ton of pitch, 12 1 bbl. of rosin 30 40 clew lines @. 6 stiv., 12 400 lbs. running line, fl. 16 the 100, 64 10 ps. linen @. fl. 1 J the pc, 15 20 bundles marline @^ 4 stiv. the bundle, 4 20 bundles huysingh @^ 6 stiv. the bundle, 6 20 bundles hording (S. 5 stiv. the bundle, 6 6 tar brushes (3. 6 stiv. the ps., 1 16 1 prince's flag, 33 10 boat plank @i 5 stiv. the ps., 15 4 hamburg planks @^ fl. 7, 28 60 norway deals, 20 300 lbs. assorted nails @, fl. 15 the 100, 45 100 lbs. tallow, 20 1 hide pumpleather 12 flatheads and pump nails for, 6

fl.542 16

Ammunition.

1 ream cartridge paper, fl. 12 4 lbs. cartridge, 4 500 lbs. good powder, 200

1 bale of canvas, 170 100 lbs. of bolt rope, 16 20 lbs. sail yarn @. 10 stiv. per lb, 10 li ton of Tar @, fl. 12 the ton, 18 1 ton of pitch, 12 1 bbl. of rosin 30 40 clew lines @. 6 stiv., 12 400 lbs. running line, fl. 16 the 100, 64 10 ps. linen @. fl. 1 J the pc, 15 20 bundles marline @^ 4 stiv. the bundle, 4 20 bundles huysingh @^ 6 stiv. the bundle, 6 20 bundles hording (S. 5 stiv. the bundle, 6 6 tar brushes (3. 6 stiv. the ps., 1 16 1 prince's flag, 33 10 boat plank @i 5 stiv. the ps., 15 4 hamburg planks @^ fl. 7, 28 60 norway deals, 20 300 lbs. assorted nails @, fl. 15 the 100, 45 100 lbs. tallow, 20 1 hide pumpleather 12 flatheads and pump nails for, 6

fl.542 16

Ammunition.

1 ream cartridge paper, fl. 12 4 lbs. cartridge, 4 500 lbs. good powder, 200

fl. 216

172 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. The ammunition, fl. 216 The stores, 542 1

The provisions, 3,150 8

Total of the required necessaries, 3,909 4

And as much for the Yacht the Cat, manned with 60 hands.

The Ship the Swol requires one month's provisions in order, with 60 hands, to convey some horses, salt and other effects from Cura9ao to New Netherland :

1 barrel of beef, fl. 90 1 ditto pork, 02 10 3 ditto vegetables, 60 300 lbs. dried codfish, 27 900 lbs. bread, 82 60 cheeses, 102

The provisions, 3,150 8

Total of the required necessaries, 3,909 4

And as much for the Yacht the Cat, manned with 60 hands.

The Ship the Swol requires one month's provisions in order, with 60 hands, to convey some horses, salt and other effects from Cura9ao to New Netherland :

1 barrel of beef, fl. 90 1 ditto pork, 02 10 3 ditto vegetables, 60 300 lbs. dried codfish, 27 900 lbs. bread, 82 60 cheeses, 102

fl. 423 10

Oil, Vinegar, wine, will be had from the other ships.

Stores. IJ bale of canvas for a new mainsail and further repairs of other sails, fl.247 100 lbs. coarse bolt rope, 16 15 lbs. sail yarn, 7 10 8 bundles of assorted line, 12 15 bundles huysingh, 3 15 bundles marline, 3 15 15 bundles boards, 3 2 tons tar, 24 1 ton pitch, 12 i barrel of rosin, 15 1 hide pump leather, 12 10

Stores amount to, 355 15 Provisions, 423 10

fl. 779 5

The Commissioners appointed on 21" of September on the 13"" point of reference, relating to the resolution of the XIX., adopted the G"" and 7"" of July last, have, after consultation, and after having deliberated on the aforesaid resolution, resolved to submit to the Assembly their considerations on said resolutions, and first, on that of the G"" of July, contained in 5 distinct articles.

On the first, which reads thus: That the enactment of the 4"" of May previous, shall be entered by form of Instruction to be given provisionally to the Director going thither. Said Instruction to be confirmed except this Assembly find it expedient to add thereunto by form of amplification.

The Commissioners appointed on 21" of September on the 13"" point of reference, relating to the resolution of the XIX., adopted the G"" and 7"" of July last, have, after consultation, and after having deliberated on the aforesaid resolution, resolved to submit to the Assembly their considerations on said resolutions, and first, on that of the G"" of July, contained in 5 distinct articles.

On the first, which reads thus: That the enactment of the 4"" of May previous, shall be entered by form of Instruction to be given provisionally to the Director going thither. Said Instruction to be confirmed except this Assembly find it expedient to add thereunto by form of amplification.

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS: III. 173 On the second, which reads: That the Company shall open the trade and.commerce to New Netheriand, wiiicii they had exclusively retained and prosecuted themselves, allowing individuals The Commissioners judge that this opening to sail thither with their own ships, or freight, &c. and permission, as far as relates to New Netheriand, ought not to be extended farther than to the Patroons of Colonies and all Colonists having and holding a dwelling in yonder country, without giving it to those who merely go over and hither, spoil the trade, threaten the Company on all occasions, and rob both here and there, and by smuggling of contraband goods strengthen the Company's enemies, and by conveying strong liquors, debauch the Colonists and inhabitants. To leave unaltered the remainder regarding the Virginias, the Swedish Colony, the Bermudas, &c. To consider only whether the Assembly should not resolve that one or two cargoes be sent alternately by the respective Chambers, in the manner as used heretofore to be done. Leaving the third point untouched, as it stands, we should only enlarge it with this addition: That all the goods sent to iVew Netheriand, or parts thereabout, must first and foremost come to Fort New Amsterdam, before being exported elsewhere, for the purpose of having their permits exhibited there, to be entered and that the ships may be visited, in order to see that they have no prohibited or unentered goods on board.

To consider only whether the Assembly should not resolve that one or two cargoes be sent alternately by the respective Chambers, in the manner as used heretofore to be done. Leaving the third point untouched, as it stands, we should only enlarge it with this addition: That all the goods sent to iVew Netheriand, or parts thereabout, must first and foremost come to Fort New Amsterdam, before being exported elsewhere, for the purpose of having their permits exhibited there, to be entered and that the ships may be visited, in order to see that they have no prohibited or unentered goods on board. In like manner, the return cargoes shall have to be entered at the same place ; and it must be declared for what ports in this country they are destined, with the restriction, that the duties and other imposts shall have to be paid into the Chamber from which they obtained the permit, and they shall be cleared thence for Fort New Amsterdam further, they shall be bound to return direct to Fatherland, without being at :

liberty to touch at any trading places, on pain of forfeiture of ship and goods, should they act otherwise. Finally, leaving the remaining points as they are, also the instruction to be amplified by new additions of what this Assembly may determine further to resolve on the suggestion of Director Stuyvesant.

Monday, IG"" of October, 1645. The presiding Chamber of Zealand, with General Board of Accounts, is those of the deputed and authorized to execute the resolution adopted by this Assembly, so far as authorized thereunto by instruction.

liberty to touch at any trading places, on pain of forfeiture of ship and goods, should they act otherwise. Finally, leaving the remaining points as they are, also the instruction to be amplified by new additions of what this Assembly may determine further to resolve on the suggestion of Director Stuyvesant.

Monday, IG"" of October, 1645. The presiding Chamber of Zealand, with General Board of Accounts, is those of the deputed and authorized to execute the resolution adopted by this Assembly, so far as authorized thereunto by instruction.

2'he Amsterdam Chamber of the West India Company to the States General. [ From Ihe Original in Ihe Eoyal Archives at tlie Hague ; File, West Indie. ]

High and Mighty Lords. We have duly received you High Mightinesses' postile, of the IS"" of April last, inscribed on the margin of a certain petition presented to your High Mightinesses in the name, and on the behalf, of Simon Janssen, of Durgerdam, late skipper of the ship named St. Peter, acting as agent for hislate owners the aforesaid postile importing, that we should also communicate ;

our remarks on the aforesaid petitioner's request presented to your High Mightinesses on the 3'<' of November, of the past year, and sent to the Assembly of the XIX., in Zealand.

174 NEW-YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. It will serve foi; fulfillment of said order, that a written agreement and contract was made, on the IS"* of August, of the year 1644, with the aforesaid Simon Janssen, that he should be at liberty to sail with the aforesaid ship St. Peter, from this city, Amsterdam, to New Netherland, situate within the limits of our Charter; on condition that he, before loading his goods, should be bound to bring the same into the Company's warehouses, in order to be conveyed on board, when inspected and stamped with the Company's mark; and to cause to be paid thereon the duty of sixteen per cent, in addition to the permits and convoys; also, that he should not, whilst on the way between this city and the fort Manhattes, in New Netherland, touch at any other places; but be obligated to discharge his laden merchandise at, and as far as possible to be of service to, the aforesaid fort; all on pain of forfeiting the aforesaid ship and property; and although he, Simon Janssen, ought accordingly to have fulfilled the aforesaid contract according to its tenor, and to regulate himself in conformity to its contents,

Peter, from this city, Amsterdam, to New Netherland, situate within the limits of our Charter; on condition that he, before loading his goods, should be bound to bring the same into the Company's warehouses, in order to be conveyed on board, when inspected and stamped with the Company's mark; and to cause to be paid thereon the duty of sixteen per cent, in addition to the permits and convoys; also, that he should not, whilst on the way between this city and the fort Manhattes, in New Netherland, touch at any other places; but be obligated to discharge his laden merchandise at, and as far as possible to be of service to, the aforesaid fort; all on pain of forfeiting the aforesaid ship and property; and although he, Simon Janssen, ought accordingly to have fulfilled the aforesaid contract according to its tenor, and to regulate himself in conformity to its contents,

yet he is found, in truth, to have violated it in divers instances. First : having set sail from here and arrived about Durgerdam, without, yea, against our consent, he received and took on board the ship a quantity of gunpowder, notwithstanding private individuals are not permitted to trade in that article. Secondly : he did not proceed from this country to New Netherland, but to the Bermudas, and there broke bulk and trucked, or sold, the greater part of his goods for, or against, West ;

India hides, and a good many pieces of eight. Thirdly: on arriving afterwards in New Netherland, it was discovered that he had brought with him divers contraband and prohibited goods; though it was impossible to make so thorough an examination, because the said Simon Janssen had sailed from the Texel without taking with him any invoice from the Company. All which, coming to the knowledge of Cornells van der Hoyckens, the Fiscal, he prosecuted the said Skipper before the Director and Council.

India hides, and a good many pieces of eight. Thirdly: on arriving afterwards in New Netherland, it was discovered that he had brought with him divers contraband and prohibited goods; though it was impossible to make so thorough an examination, because the said Simon Janssen had sailed from the Texel without taking with him any invoice from the Company. All which, coming to the knowledge of Cornells van der Hoyckens, the Fiscal, he prosecuted the said Skipper before the Director and Council. Duly instituting his action, agreeably to the signed contract, and concluding that the aforesaid ship and property should be declared forfeited and confiscated to the profit of

the Company; the aforesaid Skipper answered thereto, and the Fiscal replied. Finally, the Fiscal's demand and conclusion were allowed by judgment of the aforesaid Director and Council, except the goods which belonged to the sailors, and paid the duties here. And whereas, your High Mightinesses can, from what precedes, sufficiently infer that the said Simon Janssen complains unjustly of those of the Company, and that the case of said ship, as between him and the aforesaid Fiscal, has been now already examined, in New Netherland, and decided by the definitive judgment of the Director General and Council; we, therefore, humbly pray you. High and Mighty, to be pleased to dismiss the request contained in the petition of the aforesaid Simon Janssen, and to order him not to trouble us any more touching the matter aforesaid. Wherewith ending We shall pray God for the continued success of your High Mightinesses' prosperous government and remain High and Mighty Lords, Your High Mightinesses' humble servants. The Directors of the West India Company, Chamber at Amsterdam. Amsterdam the 26"" of May, 1646. (Signed) Jacob Pergens. Received 29"" May, 1646. Joannes Ryckaekt.

High and Mighty, to be pleased to dismiss the request contained in the petition of the aforesaid Simon Janssen, and to order him not to trouble us any more touching the matter aforesaid. Wherewith ending We shall pray God for the continued success of your High Mightinesses' prosperous government and remain High and Mighty Lords, Your High Mightinesses' humble servants. The Directors of the West India Company, Chamber at Amsterdam. Amsterdam the 26"" of May, 1646. (Signed) Jacob Pergens. Received 29"" May, 1646. Joannes Ryckaekt.

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS: HI. 175

West India Company to the States General. [ From the Original in the Royal Archiyea at the Hague ; File, West Indie. ]

To the High and Mighty Lords States General of the United Netherlands.

High and Mighty Lords. The Directors of the Incorporated West India Company, supplicate, with all reverence, that your High Mightinesses he pleased to cause to be issued the commission of Petrus Stuyvesant, Director of New Netherland, a form whereof is hereunto annexed. Which doing, &c.

(Endorsed) Memorial on behalf the West India Company, in favor of the Director to New Netherland. 13 July, 1646,

Resolution of the States General on the preceding Letter.

[From the Register of West India affairs, 1638--1651, in the Eoyal Archives at the Hague. ]

Friday, 13"" of July, 1646. Folio S07. Read in the Assembly a certain memorial presented to their High Mightinesses in the name and on behalf of the Directors of the Incorporated West India Company of this country, requesting that their High Mightinesses would he pleased to cause to be dispatched BtuyvesanL » commission for Petrus Stuyvesant, Director of New Netherland, according to New Netherland. ^j^g formula exhibited and submitted to the Assembly with the aforesaid memorial. Whereupon, deliberation being had, it is resolved and concluded, before proceeding herein, that inquiry be made what order and plan are generally adopted on such and similar occasions, and what disposition the above named Directors of the West India Company have

Read in the Assembly a certain memorial presented to their High Mightinesses in the name and on behalf of the Directors of the Incorporated West India Company of this country, requesting that their High Mightinesses would he pleased to cause to be dispatched BtuyvesanL » commission for Petrus Stuyvesant, Director of New Netherland, according to New Netherland. ^j^g formula exhibited and submitted to the Assembly with the aforesaid memorial. Whereupon, deliberation being had, it is resolved and concluded, before proceeding herein, that inquiry be made what order and plan are generally adopted on such and similar occasions, and what disposition the above named Directors of the West India Company have

Complaints of the ^^^^^ 0^ '^e complaluts presented heretofore to their High Mightinesses, in the inhabitants thereof. ^^^^ ^^^ ^^ ^^^^^^^ ^f ^j^^ inhabitants of New Netherland aforesaid, and what has been done therefor in their High Mightinesses' Assembly, in order that further disposition be made therein, as shall be deemed meet.

West India Company to the States General.

[ From the Original in the Eoyal Archives at the Hague ; File, Weet Indie. ]

To the High and Mighty Lords States General of the United Netherlands.

High and Mighty Lords. The Directors of the Incorporated West India Company had, some days since, respectfully requested of your High Mightinesses, a patent of commission for the Director Petrus

176 NEW-YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. Stuyvesant, for New Netherland, according to tlie annexed draft, whereunto, pursuant to your High Mightinesses' then order, Secretary Mus liath looked up the commissions issued iieretofore by your High Mightinesses. Therefore the above named Directors supplicate your High Mightinesses with all due reverence, to be pleased to cause to be issued the commission aforesaid, inasmuch as two ships lie in the Texel ready to sail at the moment your High Mightinesses' patent shall be sent on board for the above named Petrus Stuyvesant.

Stuyvesant, for New Netherland, according to tlie annexed draft, whereunto, pursuant to your High Mightinesses' then order, Secretary Mus liath looked up the commissions issued iieretofore by your High Mightinesses. Therefore the above named Directors supplicate your High Mightinesses with all due reverence, to be pleased to cause to be issued the commission aforesaid, inasmuch as two ships lie in the Texel ready to sail at the moment your High Mightinesses' patent shall be sent on board for the above named Petrus Stuyvesant. Which doing, etc.

(Endorsed) Memorial on behalf of the West India Company. 24 July, 1646.

Resolution of the States General on the preceding Memorial.

[From the Eegister of West India affairs, 163S-- 1651, in the Uoyal Archives at the Hague.]

Tuesday, 24"' of July, 1646. Folio 207 A certain memorial, presented to their High Mightinesses by and on behalf of Stuivesant, the West India Company of this country, for a commission for Petrus Stuyvesande New Netherland. as Director of New Netherland, being read in the Assembly; it is, previous to proceeding further herein, resolved and concluded, that their High Mightinesses' resolution concerning New Netherland, adopted on the 13"" instant, and the other thereunto relating, shall be looked up and examined, in order to take further action according as it shall appertain.

West India Company to the States General.

[ From the Original in the F.oyal Archives at the Hague ; File, West Indie. ]

Noble, High and Mighty President. May it please your Honor to know, in regard to the application of the Directors of the West India Company for a commission for the Director of New Netherland, the retro acta have been lying, for the last 10 or 12 days, in the office of Your High Mightinesses' Secretary, pursuant to your High Mightinesses' order. We pray your High Mightinesses to cause the patent to be dispatched, inasmuch as 2 ships are waiting at the Texel only for that, in order to set sail.

May it please your Honor to know, in regard to the application of the Directors of the West India Company for a commission for the Director of New Netherland, the retro acta have been lying, for the last 10 or 12 days, in the office of Your High Mightinesses' Secretary, pursuant to your High Mightinesses' order. We pray your High Mightinesses to cause the patent to be dispatched, inasmuch as 2 ships are waiting at the Texel only for that, in order to set sail. Which doing, &c.

(Endorsed) Memorial on behalf of the West India Company, 26"" of July, 1646.

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS : IIL 177

Resolution of the States General on the preceding Memorial.

[ From the Register of West India Affairs, 1638--1651, in the Royal Archives at the Hague.]

Thursday, 26"' July, 1646. Folio 208. Director going to ^ certain memorial, presented to their High a Mightinesses o by j and on behalf of , .^. ^ t /-, n New Netheriaud. the West India Company for a patent of Commission for the Director going to New Netherland, being read to the Assembly ; it is, after previous deliberation, resolved and concluded, before proceeding thereupon, that the above named West India Company shall exhibit to their High Mightinesses an authentic copy of the Instruction for the above mentioned Director, according to which he will have to regulate himself.

Resolution of the States General approving the Commission of Director Stuyvesant.

[ From the Register of West India affairs, 1638--1651, in the Royal Archires at the Hague. ]

Director going to ^ certain memorial, presented to their High a Mightinesses o by j and on behalf of , .^. ^ t /-, n New Netheriaud. the West India Company for a patent of Commission for the Director going to New Netherland, being read to the Assembly ; it is, after previous deliberation, resolved and concluded, before proceeding thereupon, that the above named West India Company shall exhibit to their High Mightinesses an authentic copy of the Instruction for the above mentioned Director, according to which he will have to regulate himself.

Resolution of the States General approving the Commission of Director Stuyvesant.

[ From the Register of West India affairs, 1638--1651, in the Royal Archires at the Hague. ]

Saturday, 25"" July, 1646.

stuiveLm! ^°^' T'^^ ^'^^'' '^^ ^^^ commission made out for Petrus Stuivesant, as Director of New'sSheriand. New Netherland as well as of Curasao and some other Islands, being read in the Assembly; it is, after previous deliberation, considered as enacted, and further ordered, that said commission be issued without reconsideration, inasmuch as the aforesaid Director is very urgent to depart.

Minute of Peter Stuyvesant having been sworn in as Director of New Netherland. [ From the Register of West India Affairs, 16S8-- 1651, in the Royal Archives at the Hague. ]

Resolution of the States General.

Saturday, the 28"" July, 1646. Folio 208. Petrus Stuivesant appeared before the Assembly as Director of New Netherland Stuivesant. and Directorof Cura9ao, and some other islands mentioned in his commission, and New Netherland. took, according to a Certain formulary, the proper oath, and amongst other things, swore specially that he would conform to his Instruction given him by the Assembly of the West India Company, which Instruction is, pursuant to their High Mightinesses' order dated the 26"" instant, exhibited at their High Mightinesses' Assembly, and a copy thereof enregistered in the Act Book.

Petrus Stuivesant appeared before the Assembly as Director of New Netherland Stuivesant. and Directorof Cura9ao, and some other islands mentioned in his commission, and New Netherland. took, according to a Certain formulary, the proper oath, and amongst other things, swore specially that he would conform to his Instruction given him by the Assembly of the West India Company, which Instruction is, pursuant to their High Mightinesses' order dated the 26"" instant, exhibited at their High Mightinesses' Assembly, and a copy thereof enregistered in the Act Book.

Vol. I.

178 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS.

Commission of Peter Stuyvesant as Director General of New Netherland. [ From the Commiasieioeh of the States General in the Koyal Archires at the Hague. ]

Commission for Petrus Stuyvesant as Director on the Coast of New Netherland as well as the Island of Curasao and the places thereupon depending.

Folio 201.The States General of the United Netherlands to all those to whom these Presents shall come, or who shall hear them read, Health. Be it Known Whereas We :

have deemed it advisable for the advancement of the aifairs of the General Incorporated West India Company not only to maintaia the trade and population on the Coast of New Netherland and the places situate thereabout; also, the Islands Curasao, Buenaire, Aruba and their dependencies, which have hitherto been encouraged thither from this country, but also to make new treaties and alliances with foreign princes and to inflict as much injury as possible on the enemy in his forts and strongholds as well by sea as by land for which purposes it becomes;

have deemed it advisable for the advancement of the aifairs of the General Incorporated West India Company not only to maintaia the trade and population on the Coast of New Netherland and the places situate thereabout; also, the Islands Curasao, Buenaire, Aruba and their dependencies, which have hitherto been encouraged thither from this country, but also to make new treaties and alliances with foreign princes and to inflict as much injury as possible on the enemy in his forts and strongholds as well by sea as by land for which purposes it becomes;

necessary to appoint a person Director; We, therefore, confiding in the probity and experience of Petrus Stuyvesant, formerly entrusted with Our affairs in, and the government of, the aforesaid Island of Curasao and the places thereon depending, We, being well pleased with his services there, have commissioned and appointed, and by these presents do commission and appoint the said Petrus Stuyvesant, Director in the aforesaid countries of New Netherland, and the places thereunto adjoining, together with the aforementioned Islands of Curasao, Beunaire, Aruba, and their dependencies ; to administer, with the Council as well now as hereafter appointed with him, the said office of Director, both on water and on land, and in said quality, to attend carefully to the advancement, promotion and preservation of friendship, alliances, trade and commerce ; to direct all matters appertaining to traffic and war, and to maintain, in all things there, good order for the service of the United Netherlands and the General West India Company ; to establish regularity for the safeguard of the places and forts therein ; to administer law and justice as well civil as criminal ; and, moreover, to perform all that concerns his office and duties in accordance with the Charter, and the general and particular instructions herewith given, and to be hereafter given him, as a good and faithful Director is bound and obliged, by his oath in Our hands to do ; Which done, We, therefore, order and command all other officers, common soldiers, together with the inhabitants and natives residing in the aforesaid places as subjects, and all whom it may concern, to acknowledge, respect and obey the said Petrus Stuyvesant as Our Director in the countries and places of New Netherland, and in the Islands of Cura§ao, Beunaire, Aruba, and their dependencies, and to afford all help, countenance and assistance in the performance of these We have found the same to be for the advantage of the Company. things, as Done in Our Assembly at the Hague, on the xxviii.

necessary to appoint a person Director; We, therefore, confiding in the probity and experience of Petrus Stuyvesant, formerly entrusted with Our affairs in, and the government of, the aforesaid Island of Curasao and the places thereon depending, We, being well pleased with his services there, have commissioned and appointed, and by these presents do commission and appoint the said Petrus Stuyvesant, Director in the aforesaid countries of New Netherland, and the places thereunto adjoining, together with the aforementioned Islands of Curasao, Beunaire, Aruba, and their dependencies ; to administer, with the Council as well now as hereafter appointed with him, the said office of Director, both on water and on land, and in said quality, to attend carefully to the advancement, promotion and preservation of friendship, alliances, trade and commerce ; to direct all matters appertaining to traffic and war, and to maintain, in all things there, good order for the service of the United Netherlands and the General West India Company ; to establish regularity for the safeguard of the places and forts therein ; to administer law and justice as well civil as criminal ; and, moreover, to perform all that concerns his office and duties in accordance with the Charter, and the general and particular instructions herewith given, and to be hereafter given him, as a good and faithful Director is bound and obliged, by his oath in Our hands to do ; Which done, We, therefore, order and command all other officers, common soldiers, together with the inhabitants and natives residing in the aforesaid places as subjects, and all whom it may concern, to acknowledge, respect and obey the said Petrus Stuyvesant as Our Director in the countries and places of New Netherland, and in the Islands of Cura§ao, Beunaire, Aruba, and their dependencies, and to afford all help, countenance and assistance in the performance of these We have found the same to be for the advantage of the Company. things, as Done in Our Assembly at the Hague, on the xxviii.

July, 1646.

;

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS: IH. 179

Resolution of the States General.

[ From the EegiBt«r of West India affairs, 1638 -- 16B1, in the Eoyal Archives at the Hague. ]

Saturday, 28"' July, 1646. Folio soa £)r Lubbertus van Dinclaeen u appeared i i in the Assembly j as Second, and first Dr. Lobbertus van Dinciagen. Councillor of the Director of New Netherland, and hath sworn that he will observe ulwNetheriand. the Commission given him by those of the Asssembly of the West India Company, on the S"" May 1646, as well as the Instruction which has been furnished him on the behalf as aforesaid, dated 7"' July of the present year ; whereupon he withdrew.

Certificate that Luhhertus van Dinciagen has taken the Oath of Office.

[ From Commiseie^oeh of the States General, in the Bojal ArchiTea at the Hagne. ]

Folio 202. This day the xxviii. July XVI."= and six and forty D"' Lubbertus van Dinciagen hath, as Vice-governor and first councillor of the Director in New Netherland, taken the proper oath at the hands of the President of their High iMightinesses' Assembly that he will strictly conduct himself agreeably to his commission and the Instruction furnished him on the part of the Assembly of the XIX, and dated 7"" July, 1645.

JOURNAL OF NEW NETHERLAND Written in the years 1641, 1642, 1643, 1644, 1645 and 1646.

[From a Mannscript In the Eoyal Library at the Hagne. ]

Brief Description of New Netherland.

New Netherland, so called because it was first frequented and peopled by the free Netherlanders, is a province in the most northerly part of America, situate between N. England (which bounds it on the N. E. side) and Virginia, lying to the S. W. Its entire length is washed by the ocean and has a clean sandy beach resembling very much that of Flanders or Holland, having, except the rivers, few bays or harbors for ships.

New Netherland, so called because it was first frequented and peopled by the free Netherlanders, is a province in the most northerly part of America, situate between N. England (which bounds it on the N. E. side) and Virginia, lying to the S. W. Its entire length is washed by the ocean and has a clean sandy beach resembling very much that of Flanders or Holland, having, except the rivers, few bays or harbors for ships. The air is very temperate, inclining to dryness, healthy, little subject to sickness. The four seasons of the year are about as in France or the Netherlands; the difference being, the spring is shorter, because it begins later; the summer is hotter, because it comes on more suddenly; the autumn is long and very pleasant; the winter cold and liable to much snow. Two winds ordinarily prevail, the N. W. in winter, and the S. W. in summer; the other winds are not common; the N. W. corresponds

with our N. E., because it blows across the country from the cold point, like our N. E. The

180 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. S. W. is dry and hot like our S. E., because it comes from the warm countries; the N. E. is cold and wet lii^e our S. W., for similar reasons. The aspect of the country is very like that of France; the land is reasonably high and level, to wit, along the coast, broken by small hills which are rocky and unfit for cultivation ; further in the interior are pretty high mountains, exhibiting generally strong indications of minerals ; between those mountains flow a great number of small streams; there are even in places, some, but not many, lofty mountains of extraordinary height; in fertility, the country falls behind no province in Europe both as to excellence and cleanness of fruits and seeds.

The aspect of the country is very like that of France; the land is reasonably high and level, to wit, along the coast, broken by small hills which are rocky and unfit for cultivation ; further in the interior are pretty high mountains, exhibiting generally strong indications of minerals ; between those mountains flow a great number of small streams; there are even in places, some, but not many, lofty mountains of extraordinary height; in fertility, the country falls behind no province in Europe both as to excellence and cleanness of fruits and seeds. There are three principal rivers, namely the :

Fresh, the Mauritius, and the South rivers; three reasonably wide and deep, adapted to all

the navigation of large ships twenty-five leagues up, and of common sloops even unto the falls; a canal extends from the river Mauritius to beyond the Fresh river, and forms an island

forty leagues in length, called Long Island. This is the ordinary passage from N. England to Virginia, having on both sides many harbors for anchorage, so that people make no difficulty about navigating it in winter. The country is for the most part covered with trees, except a few valleys and some large flats, seven or eight leagues and less in extent; the trees consist as in Europe, of oak, hickory, chestnut, vines. The animals also are of the same species as ours, except lions and some other strange beasts many bears, abundance of wolves, which harm ;

nothing but small cattle. Elks and deer in vast numbers, foxes, beavers, otters, minx, and such like. The fowls which are natural to the country, are turkeys, like ours, swans, geese of three sorts, ducks, teals, cranes, herons, bitterns; two sorts of partridges, four sorts of heath fowl or pheasants. The river fish is like that of Europe, namely carp, sturgeon, salmon, :

The animals also are of the same species as ours, except lions and some other strange beasts many bears, abundance of wolves, which harm ;

nothing but small cattle. Elks and deer in vast numbers, foxes, beavers, otters, minx, and such like. The fowls which are natural to the country, are turkeys, like ours, swans, geese of three sorts, ducks, teals, cranes, herons, bitterns; two sorts of partridges, four sorts of heath fowl or pheasants. The river fish is like that of Europe, namely carp, sturgeon, salmon, :

pike, perch, roach, eel, etc. In the salt waters are found cod, shellfish, herring, and so forth ; also abundance of oysters and muscles. The Indians are of ordinary stature, strong and broad shouldered ; olive color, light and nimble of foot, subtle in disposition, of few words, which they previously well consider; hypocritical, treacherous, vindictive, brave and pertinacious in self defence ; in time of need, resolute to die. They seem to despise all the torments that can be inflicted on them, and do not utter a single moan, they go almost naked, except a flap which hangs before their nakedness, and on their shoulders a deer skin, or a mantle, a fathom square, of woven turkey feathers, or of peltries sewed together ; they make use now generally of blue or red (duflfels), in consequence of the frequent visits of the Christians. In winter they make shoes of deer skin, manufactured after their fashion. Except their chiefs, they have generally but one wife whom they frequently change according to caprice; she must do all the work, plant corn and cut wood, and attend to whatever else is to be done. The Indians are divided into various nations. They differ even in language, which would be altogether too long to be related in this brief space.

They seem to despise all the torments that can be inflicted on them, and do not utter a single moan, they go almost naked, except a flap which hangs before their nakedness, and on their shoulders a deer skin, or a mantle, a fathom square, of woven turkey feathers, or of peltries sewed together ; they make use now generally of blue or red (duflfels), in consequence of the frequent visits of the Christians. In winter they make shoes of deer skin, manufactured after their fashion. Except their chiefs, they have generally but one wife whom they frequently change according to caprice; she must do all the work, plant corn and cut wood, and attend to whatever else is to be done. The Indians are divided into various nations. They differ even in language, which would be altogether too long to be related in this brief space. They dwell together, mostly from friendship, in tribes commanded by a chief, who is the General, and usually called Sackema he does not possess much authority ;

and but little distinction, unless in their dances and other ceremonies. They have hardly any knowledge of God; no Divine Worship, no law, no justice; the strongest does what he pleases, and the young men are masters. Their weapons are the bow and arrow, in the use of which they are wonderful adepts. Hunting and fishing, in addition to the maize which the women plant, furnish them food.

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS: IIL 181

By Whom and How New Netherland was Peopled.

and but little distinction, unless in their dances and other ceremonies. They have hardly any knowledge of God; no Divine Worship, no law, no justice; the strongest does what he pleases, and the young men are masters. Their weapons are the bow and arrow, in the use of which they are wonderful adepts. Hunting and fishing, in addition to the maize which the women plant, furnish them food.

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS: IIL 181

By Whom and How New Netherland was Peopled.

The subjects of the Lords States General, had frequented this country a long time ago, solely for the purpose of the fur trade. Since the year 1623, the Incorporated West India Company caused four forts to be erected, two on the River Mauritius, and one on each of the others; the largest, which their Honors named New Amsterdam, stands on the point formed by the Mauritius and the other river already mentioned six and thirty miles higher up, is ;

another fort called Orange that on the south river is named Nassauw, and that on the Fresh ;

river, the Good Hope, in which the Company hath since continually maintained garrisons. In the beginning, their Honors sent thither a certain number of settlers, and caused to be erected at great expense, three saw mills, which never realized any profit of consequence, on account of their great charge a great deal of money was also expended for the advancement of the ;

country, but it never began to be settled until every one was permitted to trade with the Indians, inasmuch as, up to that time, no one calculated to remain there longer than the expiration of his bounden time, and therefore did not apply himself to agriculture ; yea, even the Colonie of Renselaerswyck was of little consequence. But as soon as the trade was opened, many servants who had prospered under the Company applied for their discharge, built houses and formed plantations, spread themselves far and wide, each seeking the best land, and to be nearest to the Indians, in order thus to trade with them advantageously ; others bought sloops with which to sell goods at the north and at the south, and as the Directors gave free passage from Holland thither, that also caused many to come.

But as soon as the trade was opened, many servants who had prospered under the Company applied for their discharge, built houses and formed plantations, spread themselves far and wide, each seeking the best land, and to be nearest to the Indians, in order thus to trade with them advantageously ; others bought sloops with which to sell goods at the north and at the south, and as the Directors gave free passage from Holland thither, that also caused many to come. On the other hand, the English came both from Virginia and N. England, on account of the good opportunity to plant tobacco here; first, divers servants, whose time had expired; afterwards, families, and finally, entire colonies, having been forced to quit that place, in order to enjoy freedom of conscience, and to escape from the insupportable government of New England, and because many more commodities were to be obtained here than there, so that in place of seven boiiweries and two @ three

were here, thirty bouweries were to be seen as well cultivated and stocked as in plantations which Europe, [and] one hundred plantations which, in two or three [years] would become regular bouweries, for after the tobacco was out of the ground, corn was planted there without ploughing, and the winter was employed preparing new lands. The English colonies had settled under us by patent on equal terms with the others. Each of these was in appearance not less than one hundred families strong, exclusive of the Colonie of Rensselaerswyck, which is prospering, with that of Myndert Meyndertsz and Cornells Melyn, who began first. Also the Village of N. Amsterdam around the fort, one hundred families, so that there was appearance of producing supplies in a year for fourteen thousand souls, without straightening the country, and had there not been a want of laborers or farm servants, twice as much could be raised, considering that fifty lasts of rye and fifty lasts of peas were still remaining around the fort, after a large quantity had been burnt and destroyed by the Indians, who in a short time quickly brought this country to nought and had well nigh destroyed this bright hope, in the manner following.

Amsterdam around the fort, one hundred families, so that there was appearance of producing supplies in a year for fourteen thousand souls, without straightening the country, and had there not been a want of laborers or farm servants, twice as much could be raised, considering that fifty lasts of rye and fifty lasts of peas were still remaining around the fort, after a large quantity had been burnt and destroyed by the Indians, who in a short time quickly brought this country to nought and had well nigh destroyed this bright hope, in the manner following.

The Causes and Consequence of the New Netherland War. We have already stated that the Liberty to trade with the Indians was the cause of the increase of population in N. Netherland. We shall now show that it also is the cause of Its

--

182 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS,

ruin; producing two opposite effects, and that not without reason as will appear from what follows. This Liberty, then, which in every respect was most gratefully received ; which should have been used like a precious gift, was very soon perverted to a great abuse. For every one thought that now was the acceptable time to make his fortune withdrew himself from his ;

fellow, as if deeming him suspected and the enemy of his desire, sought communication with the Indians from whom it appeared his profit was to be derived, all contrary to their High Mightinesses' motto.' That created first, a division of power of dangerous consequence; then produced altogether too much familiarity with the Indians, which in a short time brought forth contempt, usually the Father of Hate. For, not satisfied with merely taking them into their houses in the customary manner, they attracted them by extraordinary attention, such as admitting them to Table, laying napkins before them, presenting Wine to them and more of that kind of thing, which they did not receive like Esop's man, but as their due and desert, insomuch that they were not content, but began to hate, when such civilities were not shown them.

fellow, as if deeming him suspected and the enemy of his desire, sought communication with the Indians from whom it appeared his profit was to be derived, all contrary to their High Mightinesses' motto.' That created first, a division of power of dangerous consequence; then produced altogether too much familiarity with the Indians, which in a short time brought forth contempt, usually the Father of Hate. For, not satisfied with merely taking them into their houses in the customary manner, they attracted them by extraordinary attention, such as admitting them to Table, laying napkins before them, presenting Wine to them and more of that kind of thing, which they did not receive like Esop's man, but as their due and desert, insomuch that they were not content, but began to hate, when such civilities were not shown them. To this familiarity and freedom succeeded another Evil: as the cattle usually roamed through the Woods without a Herdsman, they frequently came among the corn of the Indians which was unfenced on ail sides, committing great damage there; this led to frequent complaints on the part of the latter, and, finally, to revenge on the cattle, without sparing even the horses which were valuable in the country. Moreover, many of our's took the Indians into their employ, making use of them in their house work thus exposing to them our entire ;

circumstances soon becoming weary of work, the Indians took leg-bail and stole much more ;

than the amount of their wages. This Liberty caused still greater mischief: for the inhabitants of Renselaerswyck, who were as many traders as persons, perceiving that the Mohawks were craving for guns, which some of them had already received from the English, paying for each as many as Twenty Beavers and for a pound of powder as many as Ten to Twelve guilders, came down in greater numbers than usual where guns were plenty, purchasing them at a fair price, realizing in this way considerable profit they afterwards obtained some from their ;

This Liberty caused still greater mischief: for the inhabitants of Renselaerswyck, who were as many traders as persons, perceiving that the Mohawks were craving for guns, which some of them had already received from the English, paying for each as many as Twenty Beavers and for a pound of powder as many as Ten to Twelve guilders, came down in greater numbers than usual where guns were plenty, purchasing them at a fair price, realizing in this way considerable profit they afterwards obtained some from their ;

Patroon for self defence, in time of need, as we suppose. This extraordinary gain was not long kept secret, the traders coming from Holland soon got scent of it, and from time to time brought over great quantities, so that the Mohawks in a short time were seen with fire locks ;

powder and lead in proportion. Four hundred armed men knew how to make use of their advantage, especially against their enemies, dwelling along the River of Canada, against whom they have now achieved many profitable forays where before they had but little advantage ; this caused them also to be respected by the surrounding Indians even as far as the Sea coast, who must generally pay them tribute, whereas, on the contrary, they were formerly obliged to contribute to these. On this account the Indians endeavored no less to procure Guns, and through the familiarity which existed between them and our people, began to solicit the latter for Guns and powder, but as such was forbidden on pain of Death, and could not remain secret in consequence of the general conversation, they could not be obtained. This, added to the previous contempt, greatly augmented the hatred which stimulated them to conspire against us, beginning first with insults which they everywhere indiscreetly uttered, railing at us as Materiotty^ (that is to say) cowards -- that we might, indeed be something on water, but of no account on land, and that we had neither a great Sachem nor Chiefs. [ Here two •pages are ivanting.'\

On this account the Indians endeavored no less to procure Guns, and through the familiarity which existed between them and our people, began to solicit the latter for Guns and powder, but as such was forbidden on pain of Death, and could not remain secret in consequence of the general conversation, they could not be obtained. This, added to the previous contempt, greatly augmented the hatred which stimulated them to conspire against us, beginning first with insults which they everywhere indiscreetly uttered, railing at us as Materiotty^ (that is to say) cowards -- that we might, indeed be something on water, but of no account on land, and that we had neither a great Sachem nor Chiefs. [ Here two •pages are ivanting.'\

' Eendraoht maatt macht -- Union is etrcngtU. -- Ed. ' Apparently compounded of the Delaware words Malhah, "no;" "without;" and Olee, "Heart" or courage a Coward.

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS: III. 183 he of Witqueschreek, living N. E. of the Island Manhattan, perpetrated another murder in the house of an old man, a wheelwright, with whom he was acquainted (having been in his son's service) ; being well received and suppled with food, and pretending a desire to buy something, whilst the old man was talking from the chest the cloth the Indian wanted, the latter took up an axe and cut his head off; moreover, plundering the house, and then ran away. This outrage obliged the Director to demand satisfaction from the Sachem who refused That he it, saying. * Note A. was sorry twenty Christians had not been murdered * and that this Indian had 2i'Aug!"/6«.'°"°'^' only avenged the death of his Uncle who had been slain over one and twenty years previously by the Dutch. Whereupon, the Commonalty were called together by the Director to consider this affair; who all appeared and presently twelve men delegated from tNoteB. among them, t answered the propositions, and resolved at once on war, should

This outrage obliged the Director to demand satisfaction from the Sachem who refused That he it, saying. * Note A. was sorry twenty Christians had not been murdered * and that this Indian had 2i'Aug!"/6«.'°"°'^' only avenged the death of his Uncle who had been slain over one and twenty years previously by the Dutch. Whereupon, the Commonalty were called together by the Director to consider this affair; who all appeared and presently twelve men delegated from tNoteB. among them, t answered the propositions, and resolved at once on war, should

resoiution"""daied the murderer be refused that the attack should be made in the harvest ;

August 29, 1641. ^[^gjj ji^g Indians were hunting; meanwhile, an effort should be again made by

kindness to obtain justice, which was accordingly several times sought for but in vain. The time being come, many obstacles arose and operations were postponed until the year 1642, when it was resolved to avenge the perpetrated outrage. Thereupon spies looked up the Indians who lay in their village suspecting nothing, and eighty men were detailed and sent thither under the command of Ensign Hendrick van Dyck. The guide being come with the troops in the neighborhood of the Indian wigwams, lost his way in consequence of the darkness of the night. The Ensign became impatient and turned back without having accomplished any thing. The journey, however, was not without effect, for the Indians, who remarked by the trail made by our people in marching, that they had narrowly escaped discovery, sued for peace, which was granted them on condition that they should either deliver up the murderer or inflict justice themselves. This they promised, but did not keep their word. Some weeks after this, Miantenimo, principal Sachem of Sloops Bay, came here with one Engiiaif "Manifest, '^'"'^'^''^•^ '"6"' P^ssing through all the Indian Villages | soliciting them to a page 2. §Note D.

The journey, however, was not without effect, for the Indians, who remarked by the trail made by our people in marching, that they had narrowly escaped discovery, sued for peace, which was granted them on condition that they should either deliver up the murderer or inflict justice themselves. This they promised, but did not keep their word. Some weeks after this, Miantenimo, principal Sachem of Sloops Bay, came here with one Engiiaif "Manifest, '^'"'^'^''^•^ '"6"' P^ssing through all the Indian Villages | soliciting them to a page 2. §Note D. Capl. Patricx letter, dated 2 Jan'y, 1C42.

or to enchant him by their devilry, as their ill will was afterwards made manifest as well in fact by report. Those of Hackingsack, otherwise called Achter Col, had, with their as neighbors, killed an Englishman, a servant of one David Pietersz., and a few days after shot dead, in an equally treacherous manner, a Dutchman who sat roofing a house in the Colonic [Note E. of Myndert Meyndertz,|| having settled there agaiiist the advice of the Director and the "^^^^ "f ^^'^ I'ldiaus, and had caused, by the continual damage the cattle committed, Sede°osUionYhl?i "P™- no little dissatisfaction to the Indians, and contributed greatly to the War. The Commonalty began then to be afraid, and not without reason, having the Indians daily in their houses. The murderers were frequently demanded, either living or dead, even with a promise of reward; a scoffing answer was always returned by the Indians, who laughed at us. Finally, the Commonalty, seriously distrusting the Director, suspecting him of conniving with the iNoteF. Indians, that an attempt was making to sell Christian blood^f and resolvedt

Those of Hackingsack, otherwise called Achter Col, had, with their as neighbors, killed an Englishman, a servant of one David Pietersz., and a few days after shot dead, in an equally treacherous manner, a Dutchman who sat roofing a house in the Colonic [Note E. of Myndert Meyndertz,|| having settled there agaiiist the advice of the Director and the "^^^^ "f ^^'^ I'ldiaus, and had caused, by the continual damage the cattle committed, Sede°osUionYhl?i "P™- no little dissatisfaction to the Indians, and contributed greatly to the War. The Commonalty began then to be afraid, and not without reason, having the Indians daily in their houses. The murderers were frequently demanded, either living or dead, even with a promise of reward; a scoffing answer was always returned by the Indians, who laughed at us. Finally, the Commonalty, seriously distrusting the Director, suspecting him of conniving with the iNoteF. Indians, that an attempt was making to sell Christian blood^f and resolvedt

deiegate»°dated 21 that the will of the entire Commonalty was surrendered to him, inasmuch as he anuary, . would not aveugc blood, they would do it, be the consequence what it may The Director hereupon advised Pacham, the Sachem, who interested himself in this matter, warning him that we would wait no longer, inasmuch as satisfaction had not been given.

184 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. Meanwhile God wreaked vengeance on those of Witquescheck without our knowledge through the Mahicanders dwelling below Fort Orange, who slew seventeen of them and made prisoners of many women and children ; the remainder fled through a deep snow to the houses of the Christians on and around the Island Manhatens. They were most humanely received, being half dead of cold and hunger, and supported for fourteen days; even some of the Director's corn was sent to them.

Meanwhile God wreaked vengeance on those of Witquescheck without our knowledge through the Mahicanders dwelling below Fort Orange, who slew seventeen of them and made prisoners of many women and children ; the remainder fled through a deep snow to the houses of the Christians on and around the Island Manhatens. They were most humanely received, being half dead of cold and hunger, and supported for fourteen days; even some of the Director's corn was sent to them. A short time after, another panic seized the Indians, which caused them to fly to divers places in the vicinity of the Dutch. This opportunity to wreak vengeance for the innocent blood, induced some of the Twelve men to represent to the Director that the time was now come ; whereupon, they received for answer, that they should put their *NoteG. O ' which was done, by request in writing: J three, in the name of all,* in a r petition ' Their prluion, dated 24Feb.,iM3. to be allowed to attack those of Hackingsack, lying in two divisions on the -- Manhatens and at Pavonia. This was granted after a protracted discussion, too long to be

reported here, so that the design was executed that same night; the Burghers attacked those who lay a short mile from the fort, and the Soldiers those of Pavonia ; at which two places about eighty Indians were killed, and thirty were taken prisoners. Next morning, before the return of the troops, a man and woman were shot at Pavonia, who had come either through curiosity to look at, or to plunder the dead; the soldiers rescued a young child, which the woman had in her arms. Thei/peuiiOT' and The Christians residing on Long Island also requested by petitiont to be Febr Jrry"2f, lewf** allowcd to attack and slay the Indians thereabout, which was refused; as these especially had done us no harm and showed us every friendship. (Yea, had even voluntarily killed some of the Raritans, our enemies, hereinbefore mentioned).

Next morning, before the return of the troops, a man and woman were shot at Pavonia, who had come either through curiosity to look at, or to plunder the dead; the soldiers rescued a young child, which the woman had in her arms. Thei/peuiiOT' and The Christians residing on Long Island also requested by petitiont to be Febr Jrry"2f, lewf** allowcd to attack and slay the Indians thereabout, which was refused; as these especially had done us no harm and showed us every friendship. (Yea, had even voluntarily killed some of the Raritans, our enemies, hereinbefore mentioned). Yet, notwithstanding,! Nnfii. some Christians attempted, secretly with two wagons, to steal maize from See the information , -, i- i • i i • • i i i i

thereupon. thcsc Indians ; which, they perceiving, endeavored to prevent; thereupon three Indians were shot dead two houses standing opposite the fort, were in return forthwith set ;

on fire. The Director knowing nought of this, sent at once some persons to inquire the reason. The Indians showing themselves afar ofT, called out Be ye our friends? Ye are -- mere corn stealers -- making them also parties. This induced one of the proprietors of the burnt houses to upbraid, therewith, one Maryn Adriaenzen, who, at his own request, had led the freemen in the attack on the Indians, and who, being reinforced by an English troop, had afterwards undertaken two bootless expeditions in the open field. Imagining that the Director had accused him, being one of the signers of the petition, he determined to revenge himself. sNoteK With § this resolution he proceeded to the Director's house, armed with a pistol, His trial therefor, ig^ded and cockcd, and a hanger by his side ; coming unawares into the Director's room, he presents his pistol at him, saying.

This induced one of the proprietors of the burnt houses to upbraid, therewith, one Maryn Adriaenzen, who, at his own request, had led the freemen in the attack on the Indians, and who, being reinforced by an English troop, had afterwards undertaken two bootless expeditions in the open field. Imagining that the Director had accused him, being one of the signers of the petition, he determined to revenge himself. sNoteK With § this resolution he proceeded to the Director's house, armed with a pistol, His trial therefor, ig^ded and cockcd, and a hanger by his side ; coming unawares into the Director's room, he presents his pistol at him, saying. What devilish lies art thou reporting of me? but by the promptness of one of the bystanders, the shot was prevented, and he arrested. A short time after. Marine's man and another entered the fort, each carrying a loaded gun and pistol -- the first fired at the Director, who having had notice, withdrew to his house, the bullets passed into the walls along side the door behind him ; the sentinel firing immediately at the fellow

who had discharged his gun, brought him down. Shortly afterwards, some of the Commonalty collected before the Director, riotously demanding the prisoner; they were answered, that their request should be presented in order and in writing; which was done by about 25 men, who asked the Director to pardon the criminal. The matter was referred to them to decide conscientiously thereupon in such wise, that they immediately went forth ; without hearing ;

Marine's man and another entered the fort, each carrying a loaded gun and pistol -- the first fired at the Director, who having had notice, withdrew to his house, the bullets passed into the walls along side the door behind him ; the sentinel firing immediately at the fellow

who had discharged his gun, brought him down. Shortly afterwards, some of the Commonalty collected before the Director, riotously demanding the prisoner; they were answered, that their request should be presented in order and in writing; which was done by about 25 men, who asked the Director to pardon the criminal. The matter was referred to them to decide conscientiously thereupon in such wise, that they immediately went forth ; without hearing ;

parties or seeing any complaints or documents, they condemn him in a fine of five hundred guilders.

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS: IIL 185 and to remain three months awaij from the Mmihalens ; but on account of the importance of the affair, and some considerations, it was resolved to send the criminal, with his trial, to Holland,

which The winter passed in this confusion, mingled with great terror; the season came for driving out the cattle, which obliged many to desire peace. On the other hand, the Indians seeing also that it was time to plant maize, were not less solicitous for a cessation of hostilities; so after some negotiation, peace was concluded in May, A° 1G43, rather in consequence of the importunity of some, than of the opinion entertained by others, that it would be durable. The Indians kept still after this peace, associating daily with our people; yea, even the greatest chiefs came to visit the Director. Meanwhile Pacham, a crafty man, ran through all the villages urging the Indians to a general massacre. Thereupon it happened that certain Indians called Wappingers, dwelling sixteeM leagues up the river, with whom we never had the least trouble, seized a boat coming from Fort Orange, wherein were only two men, and full *NoteM. four hundred beavers.

The Indians kept still after this peace, associating daily with our people; yea, even the greatest chiefs came to visit the Director. Meanwhile Pacham, a crafty man, ran through all the villages urging the Indians to a general massacre. Thereupon it happened that certain Indians called Wappingers, dwelling sixteeM leagues up the river, with whom we never had the least trouble, seized a boat coming from Fort Orange, wherein were only two men, and full *NoteM. four hundred beavers. This o great booty stimulated others* to follow the Their acknowledg- •'

the"' Rngirshl'*'^°i6 ^xamplc; SO that they seized two boats more, intending to overhaul the fourth ^^*^' Engiisifkyie. also ffom which they were driven, with loss of six Indians. Nine Christians,

including two women, were murdered in these captured barks; one woman and two children remaining prisoners. The rest of the Indians, as soon as their maize was ripe, followed this example; and through semblance of selling beavers, killed an old man and woman, leaving another man with five wounds, who, however, fled to the fort, in a boat, with a little child in his arms, which, in the first outbreak, had lost father and mother, and now grandfather and grandmother ; being thus twice rescued, through God's merciful blessing, from the hands of the Indians; first, when two years old. Nothing was now heard but murders; most of which were committed under pretense of coming to put Christians on their guard. Finally, the Indians took the field and attacked the bouweries at Pavonia. Two ships of war and a privateer, were here at the time, and saved considerable cattle and grain. Probably it was not possible to prevent the destruction of four bouweries on Pavonia, which were burnt; not by open violence, but by stealthily creeping through the bush with fire in hand, and in this way igniting the roofs, which are all either of reed or straw ; one covered with plank, was preserved at the time.

Two ships of war and a privateer, were here at the time, and saved considerable cattle and grain. Probably it was not possible to prevent the destruction of four bouweries on Pavonia, which were burnt; not by open violence, but by stealthily creeping through the bush with fire in hand, and in this way igniting the roofs, which are all either of reed or straw ; one covered with plank, was preserved at the time. The Commonalty were called together, who were sore distressed. They chose Eight,t tNnteN. in the stead of the previous Twelve, persons to aid in advising what was best; 1643. but occupied as each one was, in taking care of his own, nothing beneficial was adopted at that time; nevertheless, it was resolved that as many Englishmen as were in the

country, should be enlisted, who were, indeed, now proposing to depart; the third part of these were to be paid by the Commonalty, who so promised, but the pay did not follow.

On thieihocwber. Terror increasing all over the land, the Eight men assembled, drew upf a *"^" proposal in writing wherein they demanded : that delegates should be sent to our English neighbors, at the North, to request an auxiliary force of one hundred and fifty men, for whose pay a bill of Exchange should be given for twenty-five thousand guilders; that N. Netherland should be mortgaged to the English as security for the payment thereof, (one of Dated gih" Mkrch, the uiost iofl ucutial amoug the Eight men had, by letter, <^ enforced by precedents, ^^^' previously endeavored to persuade the Director to this course; as they had In thir'^R^so^ve of Tcsolved to do a few days before ||) that the provisions destined for Curiigao :643. ^^P"^""""^' should be discharged from the vessels and the major part of the men belonging Vol.

Netherland should be mortgaged to the English as security for the payment thereof, (one of Dated gih" Mkrch, the uiost iofl ucutial amoug the Eight men had, by letter, <^ enforced by precedents, ^^^' previously endeavored to persuade the Director to this course; as they had In thir'^R^so^ve of Tcsolved to do a few days before ||) that the provisions destined for Curiigao :643. ^^P"^""""^' should be discharged from the vessels and the major part of the men belonging Vol. I. 24

186 NEW-YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. to them detained, and that the ships be sent away thus empty. This was not agreed to, nor deemed expedient by the Director. Here four 'pages are wanting. \_ '^

[An expedition was despatched consisting of soldiers] under the command of the Sergeant; XL. Burghers under Jochem Pietersen, their Captain; XXXV. Englishmen under Lieutenant Backster but to prevent all confusion, Councillor La Montague was appointed ;

General. Coming to Staten Island, they marched the whole night the huts were found ;

empty and abandoned by the Indians; they got 5 or 6 hundred skepels of corn and burnt the remainder without accomplishing anything else. Mayane, a Sachem, residing eight miles N. E. of us, between Greenwich (that lies within our jurisdiction) and Stamford, which is English, a fierce Indian who, alone, dared to attack with bow and arrows, three Christians armed with guns, one of whom he shot dead ; was, whilst engaged with the other, killed by the third Christian and his head brought hither. It

empty and abandoned by the Indians; they got 5 or 6 hundred skepels of corn and burnt the remainder without accomplishing anything else. Mayane, a Sachem, residing eight miles N. E. of us, between Greenwich (that lies within our jurisdiction) and Stamford, which is English, a fierce Indian who, alone, dared to attack with bow and arrows, three Christians armed with guns, one of whom he shot dead ; was, whilst engaged with the other, killed by the third Christian and his head brought hither. It

was then known and understood, for the first time, that he and his Indians had done us much injury, though we never had any difference with him. Understanding further that they lay in their houses very quietand without suspicion in the neighborhood of the English, it was determined to hunt them up and attack them.One hundred and twenty men were sent thither under the preceding command. The people landed at Greenwich in the evening from three yachts, marched the entire night but could not find the Indians, either because the guide had given warning, or had himself gone astray. Retreat was made to the yachts in order to depart as secretly as possible; passing through Stantford some Englishmen were encountered who offered to lead ours to the place where some Indians were ; thereupon four scouts were sent in divers directions to make a discovery, who, on returning, reported that the Indians had some notice of our people from the salute the Englishmen fired, but without any certainty; whereupon five and twenty of the bravest men were at once commanded to proceed thither to the nearest village with great diligence. They made the journey, killing eighteen or twenty Indians, capturing an old man, two women and some children to exchange tor ours. The other troops, on reaching the place immediately in the yachts, found the huts empty.

Retreat was made to the yachts in order to depart as secretly as possible; passing through Stantford some Englishmen were encountered who offered to lead ours to the place where some Indians were ; thereupon four scouts were sent in divers directions to make a discovery, who, on returning, reported that the Indians had some notice of our people from the salute the Englishmen fired, but without any certainty; whereupon five and twenty of the bravest men were at once commanded to proceed thither to the nearest village with great diligence. They made the journey, killing eighteen or twenty Indians, capturing an old man, two women and some children to exchange tor ours. The other troops, on reaching the place immediately in the yachts, found the huts empty. The old Indian, captured above, having promised to lead us to Wetquescheck, which consisted of three Castles, sixty-five men were dispatched under Baxter and Peter Cock, who found them empty, though thirty Indians could have stood against Two Hundred soldiers, inasmuch as the castles were constructed of plank five inches thick, nine feet high, and braced around with thick plank studded with port holes. Our people burnt two, reserving the third for a retreat.Marching 8 or 9 leagues further, they discovered nothing but a few huts, which they could not surprize as they were discovered. They returned, having killed only one or two Indians, taken some women and children prisoners and burnt some corn. Meanwhile, we were advised that Pennewitz, one of the oldest and most experienced Indians in the country, and who, in the first conspiracy, had given the most dangerous counsel, to wit: that they should wait and not attack the Dutch until all suspicion had been lulled, and then divide themselves equally through the houses of the Christians and slaughter all of them in one night; was secretly waging war against us with his tribe who killed some of our people and set fire to the houses.

Meanwhile, we were advised that Pennewitz, one of the oldest and most experienced Indians in the country, and who, in the first conspiracy, had given the most dangerous counsel, to wit: that they should wait and not attack the Dutch until all suspicion had been lulled, and then divide themselves equally through the houses of the Christians and slaughter all of them in one night; was secretly waging war against us with his tribe who killed some of our people and set fire to the houses. It was, therefore, resolved to send thither a troop of one hundred

and twenty men, the Burghers in their Company, the English under Sergeant Major van der Hyl' (who, a few days previously, had offered his services and was accepted), the old soldiers

' Capt Jno. Underbill ; for en account of whom, see Thompson't Hiitory of Long Island, 2d ed., IL -- Ed.

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS : III. 187

under Peter Cock, all commanded by Mr. La Montagne, to proceed hence in three Yachts, land in Scout's Bay on Long Island, march towards Heemstede, where there is an English Colonic dependent on us. Some who had been sent forward in advance, dexterously killed an Indian who was out as a spy. Our force formed themselves Into two divisions, Van der Hil with fourteen English towards the smallest, and Eighty men towards the largest village, named Matsepe both were very successful, killing about one hundred and twenty men; one man of ;

ours remained on the field and three were wounded. Our forces being returned from this expedition, Captain van der Hil was dispatched to Stantfort to get some information there of the Indians. He reported that the guide who had formerly served us and had gone astray in the night, was now in great danger of his life from the Indians, of whom there were about five hundred together, and offered to lead us there to prove that the former mischance was not his fault One hundred and thirty men were accordingly dispatched under the aforesaid Gen' van der Hil and Ensign Hendrick van Dyck.

Our forces being returned from this expedition, Captain van der Hil was dispatched to Stantfort to get some information there of the Indians. He reported that the guide who had formerly served us and had gone astray in the night, was now in great danger of his life from the Indians, of whom there were about five hundred together, and offered to lead us there to prove that the former mischance was not his fault One hundred and thirty men were accordingly dispatched under the aforesaid Gen' van der Hil and Ensign Hendrick van Dyck. They embarked in three yachts, landed at Greenwich, where they were obliged to pass the night by reason of the great Snow and Storm in the morning they marched N. W. up over Stony ;

Hills, over which some were obliged to creep. In the evening, about eight o'clock, they came within a league of the Indians, and inasmuch as they should have arrived too early and had to cross two Rivers, one of two hundred feet wide and three deep, and that the men could not afterwards rest in consequence of the cold, it was determined to remain there until about ten o'clock.Orders having been given as to the mode to be observed in attacking the Indians, the men marched forward towards the huts, which were set up in three rows, street fashion, each Eighty paces in length, in a low recess of the mountain, affording complete shelter from the N. W. wind. The moon was then at the full and threw a strong light against the mountain, so that many winters' days were not clearer than it then was. On arriving, the enemy were found on the alert and on their guard, so that our people determined to charge and surround the huts, sword in hand.

In the evening, about eight o'clock, they came within a league of the Indians, and inasmuch as they should have arrived too early and had to cross two Rivers, one of two hundred feet wide and three deep, and that the men could not afterwards rest in consequence of the cold, it was determined to remain there until about ten o'clock.Orders having been given as to the mode to be observed in attacking the Indians, the men marched forward towards the huts, which were set up in three rows, street fashion, each Eighty paces in length, in a low recess of the mountain, affording complete shelter from the N. W. wind. The moon was then at the full and threw a strong light against the mountain, so that many winters' days were not clearer than it then was. On arriving, the enemy were found on the alert and on their guard, so that our people determined to charge and surround the huts, sword in hand. The Indians behaved like soldiers, deployed in small bands, so that we had in a short time one dead and twelve wounded. They were likewise so hard pressed that it was impossible for one to escape. In a brief space of time, one hundred and eighty were counted dead outside the houses. Presently none durst come forth, keeping themselves within the houses, discharging arrows through the holes. Tiie General seeing that nothing else was to be done, resolved, with Serjeant Major Van der Hil, to set fire to the huts; whereupon the Indians tried every way to escape, not succeeding in which they returned back to the flames, preferring to perish by fire than to die by our hands. What was most wonderful is, that among this vast collection of Men, Women and Children, not one was heard to cry or to scream.

Tiie General seeing that nothing else was to be done, resolved, with Serjeant Major Van der Hil, to set fire to the huts; whereupon the Indians tried every way to escape, not succeeding in which they returned back to the flames, preferring to perish by fire than to die by our hands. What was most wonderful is, that among this vast collection of Men, Women and Children, not one was heard to cry or to scream. According to thereport of the Indians themselves, the number then destroyed exceeded five hundred. Some say, full 700, among whom were also 25 Wappingers, our God having collected together there the greater number of our enemies, to celebrate one of their festivals; no more than eight men in all escaped, of whom even three were severely wounded. The fight ended, several fires were built in consequence of the great cold the wounded ;

fifteen in number, were dressed and sentinels having been posted by the General, the troops bivouacked there for the remainder of the night. On the next day, the party set out much refreshed in good order, so as to arrive at Stantfort in the evening. They marched with great courage over that wearisome mountain, God affording extraordinary strength to the wounded some of whom were badly hurt ; and came in the afternoon to Stantfort after a march of two days and one night, with little rest. The English received our people in a very friendly manner,

188 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS.

On the next day, the party set out much refreshed in good order, so as to arrive at Stantfort in the evening. They marched with great courage over that wearisome mountain, God affording extraordinary strength to the wounded some of whom were badly hurt ; and came in the afternoon to Stantfort after a march of two days and one night, with little rest. The English received our people in a very friendly manner,

188 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS.

affording them every comfort. In two days they reached here. A thanksgiving was proclaimed on their arrival. [ The remainder is wuniing.'j

Resolution of the States General.

[From the Register of Weat India Affairs, 1G33-- 1651, in the Eoyal Archives at the Hagoe.]

Tuesday, T^ January 1648. Received a leter from Peter Stuyvesant written in New Amsterdam in New Folio 804. p. stuyvesaui. Netherland the 6"" October 1647, and with it some enclosures respecting the condition and state of affairs there. Which being considered, it is resolved and concluded hereby to request the Mess" van der Capellen tho Ryssel and the other their High Mightinesses' Deputies in the matter of the reform of the direction and management of the affairs relating to the West India Company, with what appertains to, and depends on, them, to inspect and examine the same and report thereupon.

Resolution of the States General on a Petition from New Netherland.

[Frcm the Register of Weal India Affairs, 1638--1651, in the Eoyal Archives at the Hague. ]

Saturday, 11"" January 1648.

Which being considered, it is resolved and concluded hereby to request the Mess" van der Capellen tho Ryssel and the other their High Mightinesses' Deputies in the matter of the reform of the direction and management of the affairs relating to the West India Company, with what appertains to, and depends on, them, to inspect and examine the same and report thereupon.

Resolution of the States General on a Petition from New Netherland.

[Frcm the Register of Weal India Affairs, 1638--1651, in the Eoyal Archives at the Hague. ]

Saturday, 11"" January 1648.

Folio 806. I"'^^ petition presented to their High Mightinesses in the name and on the cm't'rand''comen" behalf of Jochcm Pietersen Cuyter and Cornelis Melyn, inhabitants of New "°'^°" Netherland is, after consideration, placed, with the papers thereunto anne.xed, in the hands of the Mess" van der Capellen tho Ryssel and others their High Mightinesses' deputies in the matters concerning the Redress of the decline of the West India Company, for inspection

and examination, to look into what has been done thereupon, to hear the Directors of the aforesaid Company, and to make a report of the whole.

PAPERS RELATING TO THE CONDITION OF NEW NETHERLAND, And, the -proceedings against Cornelius MJyn and his adherents; marked from letter A. to letter R., 1643--1647.

[ From .the anlhenticatcd Copy in the Eoyal Archives at the Hague ; Loketkas of the States General ; Division Wea IndUche Compagnie, No. 25. ]

Excise Law of 1644. A. Whereas, the General war which we have been forced to wage against the surrounding Savages hath obliged us, in order to preserve the country, to employ an

PAPERS RELATING TO THE CONDITION OF NEW NETHERLAND, And, the -proceedings against Cornelius MJyn and his adherents; marked from letter A. to letter R., 1643--1647.

[ From .the anlhenticatcd Copy in the Eoyal Archives at the Hague ; Loketkas of the States General ; Division Wea IndUche Compagnie, No. 25. ]

Excise Law of 1644. A. Whereas, the General war which we have been forced to wage against the surrounding Savages hath obliged us, in order to preserve the country, to employ an

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS : III. 189 extraordinary number of soldiers, who must necessarily be paid, as well as other heavy expenses caused by the war; to accomplish which we have spared none of the available means of the Honorable the West India Company, but have, in addition, been obliged to raise as much money as we could obtain on bills of exchange, drawn on the Hon'''' the Directors; and Whereas, we are now devoid of all means, and despair of immediately receiving any assistance from Holland, in this our necessity; therefore we are constrained to find out some plan to pay the soldiers, or else must dismiss them, which according to all appearances, will lead to the utter ruin of the country, especially as the harvest is at hand whereby people must live and fodder be procured for the remaining cattle; for neither grain nor hay can be cut without soldiers. These matters being maturely considered, and all things being duly weighed with the advice of the Eight men chosen by the Commonalty, no better nor more suitable means can be found in the premises, than to impose some duties on those articles from which the good inhabitants will experience least inconvenience, as the scarcity of money is sufficiently general. We have, therefore, enacted and ordained, and do hereby enact and ordain, that there shall be paid on each half barrel of beer tapt by the tavern keepers, two guilders, one-half payable by the brewer and one half by the tapster ; the burgher who does not retail it, to pay half as much ; on each quart of Spanish wine and brandy, four stivers; French wine, two stivers, to be paid by the tapsters.

We have, therefore, enacted and ordained, and do hereby enact and ordain, that there shall be paid on each half barrel of beer tapt by the tavern keepers, two guilders, one-half payable by the brewer and one half by the tapster ; the burgher who does not retail it, to pay half as much ; on each quart of Spanish wine and brandy, four stivers; French wine, two stivers, to be paid by the tapsters. On each merchantable beaver purchased within our limits and brought here to the fort, one guilder; the three-quarters and halves in proportion. All on pain of forfeiture of the goods, to be prosecuted by the officer or the collector, to be thereunto appointed ; one-third for the informer, one-third for the officer, and the remainder for the Hon"' Company. All this provisionally, until the good God grant us peace, or we receive sufficient succor from Holland. Ady 21 June. A» 1644, in New Netherland.

The above copy written by the Director, is collated and found to agree with the original. Done, Manahatas, this 2S"' June, A" 1644.

Copy. From each merchantable beaver purchased within our limits and brought here to the fort, which shall be immediately marked, and those that will fifteen stivers, the small in proportion,

be found unmarked, shall be forthwith confiscated; and all who have beavers in their possession, are hereby notified to come to the Receiver of the Company's customs, thereunto appointed, and to have them marked, or agree upon a commutation, all on pain of confiscation. Let every one be hereby warned, and protect himself from loss. 24 June, 1644.

From each merchantable beaver purchased within our limits and brought here to the fort, which shall be immediately marked, and those that will fifteen stivers, the small in proportion,

be found unmarked, shall be forthwith confiscated; and all who have beavers in their possession, are hereby notified to come to the Receiver of the Company's customs, thereunto appointed, and to have them marked, or agree upon a commutation, all on pain of confiscation. Let every one be hereby warned, and protect himself from loss. 24 June, 1644.

The above copy written by the Director, is collated and found to agree with the original. Done Manahatas, this 28 June, 1644. (Signed) Jochum Pietersen Kuiter, the mark p. of Ment Dirks.^ made by himself. ' Sie. Intended for Barent Direks. -- Ed.

!

190 NEW-YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS.

The Eight Men to the Assembly of the XIX.

B, Honorable, Wise, prudent Gentlemen of the XIX. of the General Incorporated West India Company at the Chamber in Amsterdam.

Honorable Gentlemen Rightly hath one of the ancients said, that there is no misery on earth however great that does not manifest itself in time of war.We, poor inhabitants of New Netherland, now complain that having enjoyed for a long time an indifferent peace with the heathen, Almighty God finally, through his righteous judgment, hath in this current year kindled around us the fire of an Indian war in which not only numbers of innocent people, men, women and children, have been murdered in their houses and at their work, and swept into captivity (whereby this place with all its inhabitants is come to the greatest ruin); but all the Bouweries and Plantations at

Honorable Gentlemen Rightly hath one of the ancients said, that there is no misery on earth however great that does not manifest itself in time of war.We, poor inhabitants of New Netherland, now complain that having enjoyed for a long time an indifferent peace with the heathen, Almighty God finally, through his righteous judgment, hath in this current year kindled around us the fire of an Indian war in which not only numbers of innocent people, men, women and children, have been murdered in their houses and at their work, and swept into captivity (whereby this place with all its inhabitants is come to the greatest ruin); but all the Bouweries and Plantations at

Pavonia, with 25 lasts of grain and other produce are burnt and the cattle in part destroyed by '

the Indians. Coming next to Long Island It also is stripped of people and cattle, except a few insignificant :

places, over against the main, which are about to be abandoned. The English who have settled among us have not escaped. They too. except at one place, are all murdered and burnt. Slaten Island, where Cornells Melyn settled, is unattacked as yet, but stands hourly expecting an assault. On the Island of the Manachatas, from the north even unto the Fresh Water, there are no more than five or six spots inhabited at this date. These are threatened by the Indians every night with fire, and by day with the slaughter of both people and cattle. Achter Col where the Honb'' Mr. Van der Horst founded a Colonic, is altogether ruined, so that we have no other place of shelter remaining for ourselves, our wives and children, than around and adjoining Fort Amsterdam at the Manahactas. The enemy experiences no resistance, through want of men, arms, and ammunition with which this place is very poorly supplied.

These are threatened by the Indians every night with fire, and by day with the slaughter of both people and cattle. Achter Col where the Honb'' Mr. Van der Horst founded a Colonic, is altogether ruined, so that we have no other place of shelter remaining for ourselves, our wives and children, than around and adjoining Fort Amsterdam at the Manahactas. The enemy experiences no resistance, through want of men, arms, and ammunition with which this place is very poorly supplied. The Fort is defenceless and entirely out of order, and resembles (with submission) rather a molehill than a fort against an enemy. These Indians are, on the contrary, strong and mighty ; have, one with the other, made alliances with more than seven different tribes well supplied with guns, powder and ball, which they to their hearts' content have procured and still daily receive from private traders in exchange for beavers, and with which they murder our people. The woods and thickets are now very useful to them; they have removed all their women, children and old men into the interior, the rest of the most expert warriors hang daily on our necks, with fire and sword, and threaten to attack the Fort with all their force, which now consists of about 1500 men this we hourly expect, for all the outside places are mostly in their power. ;

It isowing entirely to their pleasure if any cattle are found alive throughout the entire country. Your Honors can easily conceive how wretchedly it fares with us, distressed people, and the whole country, for the growth and prosperity thereof consists chiefly in men, cattle and houses, in which we, jointly and severally, have exhausted all the means we have been able to realize. The population is composed mainly of women and children; the freemen (exclusive of the English) are about 200 strong, who must protect by force their families now skulking in straw huts outside the Fort; the cattle are partly burnt and killed, what remains has been conveyed to the Fort on the Manahates, where for want of food they must starve this coming winter, if

Your Honors can easily conceive how wretchedly it fares with us, distressed people, and the whole country, for the growth and prosperity thereof consists chiefly in men, cattle and houses, in which we, jointly and severally, have exhausted all the means we have been able to realize. The population is composed mainly of women and children; the freemen (exclusive of the English) are about 200 strong, who must protect by force their families now skulking in straw huts outside the Fort; the cattle are partly burnt and killed, what remains has been conveyed to the Fort on the Manahates, where for want of food they must starve this coming winter, if

' A lasl is equal to SO English bushels. Holtrop's Dutch Dictionary/. -- Ed.

--

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS : IIL 191

not immediately slaughtered. The most of the houses have been fired and destroyed, those still standing are in danger of being also burnt. It is likewise to be apprehended that this will be but the beginning of our troubles, for, as these Indians with their weapons kill our people, one after another [it is to be feared] that they will next with guns destroy us, our wives and children, while the men are ruined, the grain and other produce burnt, very little saved, not even a plough can be put in the ground this fall, so that not 100 skepels will be sown in this

neighborhood, and consequently much less in the spring, and were any provisions to be obtained from the English, in the East, we know not wherewith we, poor people, will pay for them, whilst the private traders have by their unnatural extortions for the last three or four years, utterly drained us, and impoverished this country ; for such must be the result so long as industry is obliged to stand still in the land.

It is likewise to be apprehended that this will be but the beginning of our troubles, for, as these Indians with their weapons kill our people, one after another [it is to be feared] that they will next with guns destroy us, our wives and children, while the men are ruined, the grain and other produce burnt, very little saved, not even a plough can be put in the ground this fall, so that not 100 skepels will be sown in this

neighborhood, and consequently much less in the spring, and were any provisions to be obtained from the English, in the East, we know not wherewith we, poor people, will pay for them, whilst the private traders have by their unnatural extortions for the last three or four years, utterly drained us, and impoverished this country ; for such must be the result so long as industry is obliged to stand still in the land. Cattle destroyed, houses burnt ; the mouths of women and children must remain shut. We speak not now of other necessaries, such as clothing, shirts, shoes and stockings, In fine, it is like to happen, that it will be with us, according to the words of the Prophet, Whoso draweth the sword, shall perish of hunger and cold. We turn, then, to your Honors; we humbly pray and beseech you to be pleased to help us with the first opportunity to assist us with such aid as your Honors in this distressed plight, and

We speak not now of other necessaries, such as clothing, shirts, shoes and stockings, In fine, it is like to happen, that it will be with us, according to the words of the Prophet, Whoso draweth the sword, shall perish of hunger and cold. We turn, then, to your Honors; we humbly pray and beseech you to be pleased to help us with the first opportunity to assist us with such aid as your Honors in this distressed plight, and

may, in your wisdom, consider best, as we have also by this opportunity set forth in a Remonstrance and petition to their High Mightinesses' so that this place, and all of us, with ;

wives and children, may not be delivered over a prey to these cruel heathen, whereupon we rely. Underneath was written. We remain your Honors' faithful subjects, lawfully elected and authorized by the Hon'''^ the Director and Council, and the entire Commonalty of New Netherland. (Signed) Cornklis Melyn, Gerrit Wolphertsen, Abraham Pietersen, Isack Allerton, Done Manahatas this 24"" October Thomas Hal, Jan Evertse Bout, in New Netherland, Anno 1643. Barent Dircksen, Jochem Pietersen.

Resolution adopted by the Commonalty of the Manhattans.

C. We, the undersigned, having appeared at the Fort at the request of the Hon'''' Director and Council, to express our opinions on their proposition, they have required us to elect five or six persons from among ourselves to weigh maturely the articles laid before us ; wherefore

have we considered it wise on so doing to leave to the Director and Council the execution thereof; namely, the selection of those persons, provided that we shall be at liberty to reject the person or persons against whom there may be anything to object, and who are not agreeable to us. CoRNELis Melyn, Pieter Linde, This is the mark 4/) of Wolphert Gerrits,

We, the undersigned, having appeared at the Fort at the request of the Hon'''' Director and Council, to express our opinions on their proposition, they have required us to elect five or six persons from among ourselves to weigh maturely the articles laid before us ; wherefore

have we considered it wise on so doing to leave to the Director and Council the execution thereof; namely, the selection of those persons, provided that we shall be at liberty to reject the person or persons against whom there may be anything to object, and who are not agreeable to us. CoRNELis Melyn, Pieter Linde, This is the mark 4/) of Wolphert Gerrits,

This is the mark p of Bakent Dircksen, Jan Snedeker, Sibert Clasen, Abram Planck, Cornelis Wiletnsen, This is the mark f of Louis Grain,'

' See cnpra, p. 189. Ed.

192 NEW-YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. This is tiie mark

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS: III. 193

This is the mark p of Laurens Pietersen, This is the mark jg of Jan Haer, This is the mark X^ of Thomas Sanderson,

This is the mark ^^ of Isack de Forest, Albert Jansen, Peter Colet, This is the mark T of Tevnis Cray, This is the mark O" --r f,of Jacob Stoffelsen,

CoRNELis Willemsen, Pieter Linde,

This is the mark (S« of Claes Carstersen,

John Pathaway, Ritchert Gebbers, This is the mark ^ of Piccis,

This is the mark ^ of Abraham Jacobsen,

Jacob Couwenhoven, Reiner Jansen, Jan Verbrugh, This is the mark ^ of Wolphert Gerritsen,

This is the mark ^^ of Isack de Forest, Albert Jansen, Peter Colet, This is the mark T of Tevnis Cray, This is the mark O" --r f,of Jacob Stoffelsen,

CoRNELis Willemsen, Pieter Linde,

This is the mark (S« of Claes Carstersen,

John Pathaway, Ritchert Gebbers, This is the mark ^ of Piccis,

This is the mark ^ of Abraham Jacobsen,

Jacob Couwenhoven, Reiner Jansen, Jan Verbrugh, This is the mark ^ of Wolphert Gerritsen,

Covert Loockemans, Willem Adriaensen, This is the mark B of Goris Bastelaer,

This is the mark -h ^ t -^ of Egbert Woutersen,

And whereas, the aforesaid elected men have unanimously resolved, for certain reasons them thereunto moving, to exclude Jan Damen, they have unanimously determined to choose, as they do hereby choose, Jan Evertsen Bout to consult with them, in the stead of the said Jan Damen, upon what they will deem to appertain to the public service.

Petition for leave to attack the Indians.

E. To the Honorable William Kieft, Director General of New Netherland, and his Hon'''' Council.

The whole of the freemen respectfully represent, that though heretofore much innocent blood was spilled by the Savages without having had any reason or cause therefor, yet your Honors made peace on condition that the chiefs should deliver the murderer into our hands, (either dead or alive,) wherein they have failed, up to the present time; the reputation which our nation hath in other countries, has thus been diminished, even, notwithstanding innocent blood calleth aloud to God for vengeance ; we therefore request your Honors to be pleased to authorize us to attack the Indians as enemies, whilst God hathfuUy delivered them into our hands, for which purpose we offer our persons. This can be effected, at the one place by the freemen, and at the other by the soldiers.

The whole of the freemen respectfully represent, that though heretofore much innocent blood was spilled by the Savages without having had any reason or cause therefor, yet your Honors made peace on condition that the chiefs should deliver the murderer into our hands, (either dead or alive,) wherein they have failed, up to the present time; the reputation which our nation hath in other countries, has thus been diminished, even, notwithstanding innocent blood calleth aloud to God for vengeance ; we therefore request your Honors to be pleased to authorize us to attack the Indians as enemies, whilst God hathfuUy delivered them into our hands, for which purpose we offer our persons. This can be effected, at the one place by the freemen, and at the other by the soldiers. Lower was written Your Hono" subjects, and :

was subscribed, Maetn Adriaensen, Jan Jansen Dames, and Abraham Planck. Lower stood: By their authority, (Signed) Cornelis van Tenhoven, Secretary. Vol. T. 2^

194 NEW-YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS.

Commission to Manjn Adriaenseyi to attack the Indians at Corlaer's Hook.

F. Whereas the good inhabitants here are obliged to reside on their properties up to the present time in great alarm, and cultivate with caution the soil through dread of the Indians who now and again have in a cowardly manner murdered some of our nation (without having any reason therefor), and we cannot obtain any satisfaction for the blood by peaceable means; therefore arms must be had recourse to, in order to vindicate the justice of our cause, so that we may live in peace here, with full confidence that God will give a blessing to our Commonalty themselves solicit its execution wherefore we resolution, the rather, as the good ;

Whereas the good inhabitants here are obliged to reside on their properties up to the present time in great alarm, and cultivate with caution the soil through dread of the Indians who now and again have in a cowardly manner murdered some of our nation (without having any reason therefor), and we cannot obtain any satisfaction for the blood by peaceable means; therefore arms must be had recourse to, in order to vindicate the justice of our cause, so that we may live in peace here, with full confidence that God will give a blessing to our Commonalty themselves solicit its execution wherefore we resolution, the rather, as the good ;

hereby authorize and empower, as we do hereby authorize and empower at his request, Maryn Adriaensen and associates, to attack, a party of Indians lying behind Corlaer's plantation, and to act with them as they think proper, and time and circumstances will permit. The 25"" February, 1643. (Signed) Willem Kieft. Agrees with the original, (Signed) Cornelis van Tienhoven, Secretary.

Sundry DeclaratioTis respecting Conversations with Director Kieft,

G-. Before me Cornelis van Tienhoven, Secretary of New Netherland, appeared Jan Evertsen Bout, aged about forty years, who at the request of Cornelis Leendertsen, deposes, testifies and declares, as he doth hereby testify and declare in the place, and with the promise, of a solemn oath if necessary and so required; that it is true, that on Wednesday, being the first day, he, the deponent, heard the Director Kieft say, whilst sitting on a gun at the bastion of the fort where the flag staff" stands: "Jan Eversen, how d'ye do?" To which the deponent answered. "Well, but weak in heart and courage." The Director replied, " I have wherewith to defend my conscience, namely Maryn Adriaensen, Jan Damen and the man over there, your neighbor," and divers other remarks, all which the deponent declares to be true; also, that he hath done this to bear testimony to the truth, through love or hatred of no man.

Before me Cornelis van Tienhoven, Secretary of New Netherland, appeared Jan Evertsen Bout, aged about forty years, who at the request of Cornelis Leendertsen, deposes, testifies and declares, as he doth hereby testify and declare in the place, and with the promise, of a solemn oath if necessary and so required; that it is true, that on Wednesday, being the first day, he, the deponent, heard the Director Kieft say, whilst sitting on a gun at the bastion of the fort where the flag staff" stands: "Jan Eversen, how d'ye do?" To which the deponent answered. "Well, but weak in heart and courage." The Director replied, " I have wherewith to defend my conscience, namely Maryn Adriaensen, Jan Damen and the man over there, your neighbor," and divers other remarks, all which the deponent declares to be true; also, that he hath done this to bear testimony to the truth, through love or hatred of no man. Done the S?"" March, 1643, in New Netherland, on the Island Manhatans. Jan Evertsen Bout. To my knowledge: Cornelis van Tienhoven, Secretary.

H. Before me Cornelis Van Tienhoven, Secretary of New Netherland, appeared Jacob Stoffelsen, aged about 42 years, who at the request of Cornelis Leendersen, deposes and declares as he hereby doth, that it is true that he, the deponent, coming in the forenoon of the day after the attack on the Indians, in company with Gerrit Dircksen and Cornelis Arensen, across the bastion of the fort, this deponent said to Director Kieft "You have done fine :

Before me Cornelis Van Tienhoven, Secretary of New Netherland, appeared Jacob Stoffelsen, aged about 42 years, who at the request of Cornelis Leendersen, deposes and declares as he hereby doth, that it is true that he, the deponent, coming in the forenoon of the day after the attack on the Indians, in company with Gerrit Dircksen and Cornelis Arensen, across the bastion of the fort, this deponent said to Director Kieft "You have done fine :

work;" the Director gave for answer, "you must blame the freemen." All which he, the deponent, declares to be fiict and truth; and that he hath done this to give evidence of the truth, for love or hatred of no man, solely because he hath been requested; thereunto the deponent adheres. Done the 27"' March, 1643, in New Netherland, on the Island Manhatans. This Q I is the mark of Jacob Stoffelsen.

To my knowledge, Cornelis van Tienhoven, Secretary.

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS: IIL 195 I. Before me Cornelia van Tienhoven, Secretary of New Netherland, appeared Cornells Arissen, aged about 36 years, who, at the request of Cornells Leendersen, deposes, testifies and declares, in the place, and with the promise of solemn oath, if necessary, that it is true that he accompanied Jacob Stoffelsen and Gerrit Dyrcksen into the fort on the day after the attack on the Indians, and there heard the Director say: " 'Tis the fault of the freemen that the Indians were attacked -- but your neighbor, Abraham Planck, was well aware of it,

Before me Cornelia van Tienhoven, Secretary of New Netherland, appeared Cornells Arissen, aged about 36 years, who, at the request of Cornells Leendersen, deposes, testifies and declares, in the place, and with the promise of solemn oath, if necessary, that it is true that he accompanied Jacob Stoffelsen and Gerrit Dyrcksen into the fort on the day after the attack on the Indians, and there heard the Director say: " 'Tis the fault of the freemen that the Indians were attacked -- but your neighbor, Abraham Planck, was well aware of it,

who might have warned you." All which deponent declares to be fact and truth. Done in fort Amsterdam, the 28"" March, 1643, in New Netherland. This X the mark of is P-7 CoRNELis Arissen. >| To my knowledge, (Signed) Cornelis van Tienhoven, Secretary.

K. Before me Cornelis van Tienhoven, Secretary of New Netherland, appeared Pieter Cornelissen, aged about 36 years, who, at the request of Cornelis Leendersen, deposes, testifies and declares, as he doth hereby in place, and with promise of a solemn oath, if necessary,

that it is true that Peter Cornelissen, aforesaid, had a conversation with the Director, respecting what occurred between our Nation and the Indians. The deponent inquired " How it :

occurred ?" The Director answered " It was petitioned for in the name of the Commonalty, :

by three persons, (without naming any one) being three of the Twelve elected men." To which this deponent replied --"Your Honor had forbidden them to meet on pain of corporal punishment; how came it, then?" The Director rejoined -- "It is probably so." Which the deponent declares to be true. Done, the 28"" March, A° 1643, in fort Amsterdam. (Signed) Pieter Cornelissen. To my knowledge, (Signed) Cornelis van Tienhoven, Secretary.

occurred ?" The Director answered " It was petitioned for in the name of the Commonalty, :

by three persons, (without naming any one) being three of the Twelve elected men." To which this deponent replied --"Your Honor had forbidden them to meet on pain of corporal punishment; how came it, then?" The Director rejoined -- "It is probably so." Which the deponent declares to be true. Done, the 28"" March, A° 1643, in fort Amsterdam. (Signed) Pieter Cornelissen. To my knowledge, (Signed) Cornelis van Tienhoven, Secretary.

Jj. Before me Cornelis van Tienhoven, Secretary of New Netherland, appeared Gerrit Dircksen Blauw, who at the request of Cornelis Leendersen, deposes, testifies and declares in the place, and with promise of a solemn oath, if necessary and required ; that it is true that he, with Cornelis Arissen and Jacob Stoffelsen, met the Director in the fort, the day after the Indians were attacked, when he, the deponent, addressed his Honor, saying: "You have now done fine work, in causing the murder of Christian blood;" alluding to his stepson, who had been killed by the Indians. The Director gave for answer -- "You must put the blame on the freemen, of whom your neighbor Abraham Planck is one." Which the deponent declares to be true. Done the 28"" March, A" 1643, in New Netherland. (Signed) Gerrit Dircksen Blauw. To my knowledge, (Signed) Cornelis van Tienhoven, Secretary.

Interrogalo7'ies to be proposed to Fiscal Heindrick van Dijck.

Article 1.

IM. Is he not well aware that the late Director General Kieft, did, on the night between the 24"" and 25"" February, in the year 1643, send a party of Soldiers over to Pavonia by the bouwery of Jan Evertzoon, and behind Curler's plantation on the Island of Manhatans and cause them to kill a party of Indians, with women and children, who lay there?

Interrogalo7'ies to be proposed to Fiscal Heindrick van Dijck.

Article 1.

IM. Is he not well aware that the late Director General Kieft, did, on the night between the 24"" and 25"" February, in the year 1643, send a party of Soldiers over to Pavonia by the bouwery of Jan Evertzoon, and behind Curler's plantation on the Island of Manhatans and cause them to kill a party of Indians, with women and children, who lay there?

195 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. 2.

Did Mr. Kieft previously propose this expedition to the Council, and subsequently communicate it to him as Officer of the Soldiers, which he then was; and did he vote for it?

3.

Were not the Indians much embittered by this act; and did not the general war between our Christians and these Americans follow the next day, and date its commencement from that time ? 4.

Is it not also true, that all those Indians had fled to the above described place some days before, through dread of the Maicanders ; in the hope of being protected by our people from their enemies? 5.

Did not we, the Dutch, in this country, live in peace with these Indians before and until this cruel deed had been wrought on them over at Pavonia and on the Island Manhatans?

Interrogatories to he proposed to Mr. Cornells van der Hoykins.

Article 1.

Did he approve the levying of the contributions which the late Director General Kieft imposed on those Americans in the year 1639?

Is it not also true, that all those Indians had fled to the above described place some days before, through dread of the Maicanders ; in the hope of being protected by our people from their enemies? 5.

Did not we, the Dutch, in this country, live in peace with these Indians before and until this cruel deed had been wrought on them over at Pavonia and on the Island Manhatans?

Interrogatories to he proposed to Mr. Cornells van der Hoykins.

Article 1.

Did he approve the levying of the contributions which the late Director General Kieft imposed on those Americans in the year 1639?

2.

Was it ever before proposed in Council by the said Kieft, and was it approved by that body?

3.

Did not he (the witness) well remark that this tax had in general excited great animosity among those natives, so that the Raritans shortly after killed four of our people on Staten Island ? 4.

Did not Mr. Kieft on the night of the 24th February, 1643, cause a party of Indians, our friends, to be massacred with women and children in their sleep, over at Pavonia and behind Corker's plantation ? 5.

Did Mr. Kieft previously propose this expedition to the Council, and was it approved by witness, as fiscal at that time, and by the other members of the Council ?

6.

Is it not true that the Indians were much exasperated against us on account of this murder, so that the general war between them and our people followed on the next day ?

Kieft on the night of the 24th February, 1643, cause a party of Indians, our friends, to be massacred with women and children in their sleep, over at Pavonia and behind Corker's plantation ? 5.

Did Mr. Kieft previously propose this expedition to the Council, and was it approved by witness, as fiscal at that time, and by the other members of the Council ?

6.

Is it not true that the Indians were much exasperated against us on account of this murder, so that the general war between them and our people followed on the next day ?

7.

Did not the Dutch nation in this country live in peace with those Indians before this cruel deed had been committed against them ?

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS: III. 197

Did not those Indians fly to those two places above named through fear of their enemies, in fullconfidence of hiding among, and of being protected by, us ?

Interrogatories to be proposed to Dr. Johannes dt la Montaigne.

Article 1.

Did he vote for, and approve of, the maize tax in the year 1639 ?

2.

Was it ever before proposed in their Council, and now when Mr. Kieft had imposed contributions on those natives, did he (La M.) not say in the presence of several persons : --that by those proceedings, a Bridge had been built, over which War would soon stalk through the country ? 3.

Does he know from what cause originated the first trouble between our people and the Raritan Indians ? 4.

Did he vote for, and approve of, the maize tax in the year 1639 ?

2.

Was it ever before proposed in their Council, and now when Mr. Kieft had imposed contributions on those natives, did he (La M.) not say in the presence of several persons : --that by those proceedings, a Bridge had been built, over which War would soon stalk through the country ? 3.

Does he know from what cause originated the first trouble between our people and the Raritan Indians ? 4.

Was not that difficulty with the Raritans, as well as the one with these of Wicguaesgeck again settled, and peace made in the beginning of the year 1642?

Were not we, the Dutch, then living in peace with all those surrounding Indians, the Yaccinsack murderer excepted ? 6.

Is it to his knowledge that Jan Clasen Daem, Maryn Adriaensen and Abram Planck presented a petition to the late Director General Kieft, and did he approve of the answer thereto?

Did he not at that time object to the petitioners these and similar considerations -- namely, that such an important matter ought to be more deliberately weighed before it should be determined on. Also, that the peculiarity of places should be considered ; whether we could extricate our people who had settled at a far distance ; also, the question of force and munitions of war ; whether we could indeed defend ourselves and continue the war ?

Is it true that Director Kieft made answer to this in his room, in the presence of Jan Claesen Daem, Abraham Planck, and Maryn Adriaensen, who had already obtained his written reply -- to the petition " The word has gone forth it must remain out?" ;

Also, that the peculiarity of places should be considered ; whether we could extricate our people who had settled at a far distance ; also, the question of force and munitions of war ; whether we could indeed defend ourselves and continue the war ?

Is it true that Director Kieft made answer to this in his room, in the presence of Jan Claesen Daem, Abraham Planck, and Maryn Adriaensen, who had already obtained his written reply -- to the petition " The word has gone forth it must remain out?" ;

9.

By whose order were the Indians, with their wives and children, killed over at Pavonia, and behind Corlaer's hook on the Island of Manhatans, between the 24"" and 25"' February, 1643 ?

10.

Did he vote for it and was it subsequently resolved in the lawful Council ?

;

198 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. 11.

Were not our surrounding Indians and neiglibors very much exasperated against us on account of this murder, so that the general war broke out the next day?

12.

Did we not, up to this time, before this deed was committed, live in peace with all those Americans, the Haccinsack murderer excepted ?

13.

Is it not true, that all those Indians had Had to the two places abovementioned, through fear of the Mahicanders, in the hope of being protected by our people from their enemies?

Interrogatories to be proposed to Secretary Cornells van Tienhoven.

Article 1.

Can he, the Secretary, not fluently speak the Manhatans language, which was used by the Indians hereabout? 2.

Did we not, up to this time, before this deed was committed, live in peace with all those Americans, the Haccinsack murderer excepted ?

13.

Is it not true, that all those Indians had Had to the two places abovementioned, through fear of the Mahicanders, in the hope of being protected by our people from their enemies?

Interrogatories to be proposed to Secretary Cornells van Tienhoven.

Article 1.

Can he, the Secretary, not fluently speak the Manhatans language, which was used by the Indians hereabout? 2.

Did he not, therefore, act as interpreter to the late Director General Kieft, with those Indians?

In what year was he sent to those Natives to collect the contribution of maize from them if he was not employed, who then was? 4.

To how many tribes was this done ; and how are they named?

5.

Did those Indians willingly consent to this contribution ; or did they then protest against it ; and what were their debates about it ?

6.

Can he report in writing -- if not, verbally -- the result of this mission, which Mr. Kieft entrusted to him ? 7.

In what terms did he endeavor to persuade the Indians to consent to the contribution?

In what year was he, deponent, sent by Mr. Kieft to the Raritanus ; and did he not go there with a party of armed soldiers and sailors under the command of Heindrich, captain of the Neptunus? 9.

What order did the Director give him, the Secretary, particularly in this case; and how did he execute it? 10.

Kieft entrusted to him ? 7.

In what terms did he endeavor to persuade the Indians to consent to the contribution?

In what year was he, deponent, sent by Mr. Kieft to the Raritanus ; and did he not go there with a party of armed soldiers and sailors under the command of Heindrich, captain of the Neptunus? 9.

What order did the Director give him, the Secretary, particularly in this case; and how did he execute it? 10.

Did Mr. Kieft give any different orders to the soldiers generally, when they stood in front of the Director's house, previous to setting out?

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS: IIL 199 11.

Were not similar expeditions sent out in the same year against the Raritans; and does he know what was the reason and object of them; and what was then accomplished?

Did not the Raritans revenge themselves the next year; killing four Christians, on Staten Island ; and did they not afterwards destroy the houses of David Pietersen ?

13.

Was not that difficulty sometime after entirely settled with the Raritans; so that they have remained quiet, on their side, to the present time ?

14.

In what year did he, the Secretary, make the peace with the Wicquaesgeckers, at the house of the late Jonas Bronck? 15.

After the difficulty with the Raritans and with the Wicquaesgeckers had been arranged and peace concluded, did not our people live in peace, in the year 1642, with all those surrounding Natives, the Hackinsack murderer exccepted ?

Was not that difficulty sometime after entirely settled with the Raritans; so that they have remained quiet, on their side, to the present time ?

14.

In what year did he, the Secretary, make the peace with the Wicquaesgeckers, at the house of the late Jonas Bronck? 15.

After the difficulty with the Raritans and with the Wicquaesgeckers had been arranged and peace concluded, did not our people live in peace, in the year 1642, with all those surrounding Natives, the Hackinsack murderer exccepted ?

Did he, the Secretary, not write a petition, on 24"' February, 1643, on the subject of this

war with those Natives for Maryn Adriaensen, Jan, Claesen Daem and Abram Planck; and by whose order, or at whose request, was it sent?

17.

Did he copy the aforesaid petition from another's draft, or did he draw it up himself; was it conceived by himself, or did he, in accordance with his duty, first submit the draft to the Director before it was signed? 18.

For what reason, and by whose authority did he, the Secretary, insert the words -- "the whole of the Commonalty or free people and by their order" -- in the petition, when he,

indeed, well knew that no person either without, or on, the Manhatans had any knowledge of it except Director Kieft, he, the Secretary, and those three petitioners also, that he should ;

have considered that an affair of such importance, so productive of heavy loss to the Hon'''' Company and the inhabitants in this country, ought not to have been undertaken on the simple representation of those three men.

For what reason, and by whose authority did he, the Secretary, insert the words -- "the whole of the Commonalty or free people and by their order" -- in the petition, when he,

indeed, well knew that no person either without, or on, the Manhatans had any knowledge of it except Director Kieft, he, the Secretary, and those three petitioners also, that he should ;

have considered that an affair of such importance, so productive of heavy loss to the Hon'''' Company and the inhabitants in this country, ought not to have been undertaken on the simple representation of those three men.

19.

Was not he, the Secretary, sent by Mr. Kieft, on the 24th February, in the year 1643, with one Corporal Hans Steen, over to Pavonia, to the Indians who lay near Jan Evertsen Bout's bouwery ? 20.

For what purpose and with what instructions did they go there?

200 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS, 21.

Did they faithfully report at that time to Mr. Keift, how many different tribes of Indians were then together there ; and can he enumerate them ?

22.

Did not these Indians fly thither through dread of the Maykanders, who were at that time their enemies, in the hope of being protected by our people?

23.

Is not true, that a troop of armed soldiers were sent by order of Mr. Kieft, on the next it

night to the aforesaid place, and a party of freemen behind Corlear's plantation on the Manhatans, who slew a large number of these Indian refugees, and afterwards burnt all their huts ? 24.

Did not these Indians fly thither through dread of the Maykanders, who were at that time their enemies, in the hope of being protected by our people?

23.

Is not true, that a troop of armed soldiers were sent by order of Mr. Kieft, on the next it

night to the aforesaid place, and a party of freemen behind Corlear's plantation on the Manhatans, who slew a large number of these Indian refugees, and afterwards burnt all their huts ? 24.

Is it not true also, that the general war between us, the Dutch, and those Americans, here around the Manhatans, first originated from this offense?

25.

Does he, the deponent, also know whether the scheme of the contributions and of this expedition was ever approved and set on foot in the regular Council ?

Interrogatories for the Reverend Everardus Bogardus, Minister of the flock of Jesus Christ here on the Manhatans.

Article 1.

Was not your Reverence in the room with the late Director General Kieft when the three men, namely, Maryn, Adriaensen, Jan Claessen Daem, and Abram Planck, presented their petition respecting the demand for the war against the Natives ?

2.

Is the conversation between Mr. Kieft and the three men on that occasion still fresh in your Reverence's memory ? 3.

Can he, the witness, conscientiously and solemnly declare before God, verbally or in writing, all that then transpired in the room, between these five persons, respecting the War?

Interrogatories for Jan Claessen Daem and Abram Planck, freemen at the Manhatans.

Was not your Reverence in the room with the late Director General Kieft when the three men, namely, Maryn, Adriaensen, Jan Claessen Daem, and Abram Planck, presented their petition respecting the demand for the war against the Natives ?

2.

Is the conversation between Mr. Kieft and the three men on that occasion still fresh in your Reverence's memory ? 3.

Can he, the witness, conscientiously and solemnly declare before God, verbally or in writing, all that then transpired in the room, between these five persons, respecting the War?

Interrogatories for Jan Claessen Daem and Abram Planck, freemen at the Manhatans.

Article 1.

Did not they, the witnesses, in company with one Maryn Adriaensen, present to Mr. Kieft, in February, 1643, a certain petition respecting the war against our Americans ?

2.

By whose order and by what authority did they do so, and who prompted them thereunto, that they inserted in the petition the words -- Of the whole of the freemen.

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS : III. 201 3.

Was there any other person in the room with Mr. Kieft when they presented the aforesaid petition? 4.

By whom was the petition drawn, or did they request the writer to doit; or was he authorized by any person to that effect ?

5.

Do they, the witnesses, likewise know that the aforesaid petition was copied by another, or did the writer draw it up of himself?

6.

Did they, the witnesses, get an answer from Mr. Kieft on the same day, or was it when Councillor Johan de la Montaigne came from his bouwery to Mr. Kieft?

By whom was the petition drawn, or did they request the writer to doit; or was he authorized by any person to that effect ?

5.

Do they, the witnesses, likewise know that the aforesaid petition was copied by another, or did the writer draw it up of himself?

6.

Did they, the witnesses, get an answer from Mr. Kieft on the same day, or was it when Councillor Johan de la Montaigne came from his bouwery to Mr. Kieft?

7.

Did not Councillor de la Montaigne remark, on their petition, that they ought to reflect well before beginning the war, whether we could undertake by ourselves to protect those who were dwelling afar off; also, if we had men and ammunition enough to defend ourselves, and to continue until help be received from Holland ?

Also, is itnot Mr. Kieft true, that -- " The word has gone replied to this must forth; it

remain so" -- and had they not then already obtained writing Mr. answer in the Kieft's to petition?

Petition of the Twelve Men and the Answer thereto.

TotheHouM'^Willem Kieft, Director General and the Council residing in New N. Netherland on the behalf of the General Incorporated West India Company.

i. 1.

We, the undersigned. Selectmen on behalf Orders shall be issued for an Annual muster, of the Commonalty of New Netherland, for which a plan was agreed on long ago but ;

respectfully represent that it is highly necessary J pound of powder to each man can be ill that your Honors do order a general Muster to afforded, as provision must be made for the take place once every year, under arms, on day of need, for which we must, above all condition that at the muster half a pound of things, prepare. Each Fatroon's establishment powder shall be given each man on the part must provide for its own defence. of the Company.

respectfully represent that it is highly necessary J pound of powder to each man can be ill that your Honors do order a general Muster to afforded, as provision must be made for the take place once every year, under arms, on day of need, for which we must, above all condition that at the muster half a pound of things, prepare. Each Fatroon's establishment powder shall be given each man on the part must provide for its own defence. of the Company.

The petitioners respectfully request that Weshould willingly consent, but it is indirect every freeman be at liberty, once for all, opposition to superior orders, as many of the Vol. T. 26

202 NEW-YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. without any one's consent, to visit, on their Company's ships will probably come here with arrival, all sliips, yachts and sloops, coming prizes, and it would create great disorder. If

here from sea, vrhether they be Dutch, application for the purpose be made, once for English or French, &c., after the fiscal shall all, to the Director or Fiscal, permission will have been on board, according to the custom be granted unless weighty objections exist. in Holland. 3.

Also, that the Council of New Netherland Letters have been sent to Holland, so that we shall from this time be rendered complete in expect to receive some persons of rank by the members, especially as tiie council of a small first ships, and thus have a complete Council. village in Fatherland consists of five @^ seven That the Commonalty should comment Schepens ; also, that from now henceforth the considerably on the smallness of the Council Director and Council do not try any criminals can well be, but we wish very much to know unless five councillors be present, inasmuch whether any one has cause tocomplain of unjust as the Commonalty talk considerably about it. decisions, and who those are who talk considerably thereof?

Also, that the Council of New Netherland Letters have been sent to Holland, so that we shall from this time be rendered complete in expect to receive some persons of rank by the members, especially as tiie council of a small first ships, and thus have a complete Council. village in Fatherland consists of five @^ seven That the Commonalty should comment Schepens ; also, that from now henceforth the considerably on the smallness of the Council Director and Council do not try any criminals can well be, but we wish very much to know unless five councillors be present, inasmuch whether any one has cause tocomplain of unjust as the Commonalty talk considerably about it. decisions, and who those are who talk considerably thereof?

Also if your Honors please to choose four We are fully satisfied to choose 4 persons, persons who shall have access to the Council to assist in maintaining the Commonalty in their here, as your Honors formerly proposed, we right, and whom we will invite to our Council, should be much gratified, so that taxes may when necessity requires ; also to fix upon not be imposed on the country in the absence certain periods of the year to meet together on of the Twelve. public business and to conclude on some articles as to the extent of their powers. As regards the 12 men, we are not aware that they received fuller powers from the Commonalty than simply to give their advice respecting the murder of the late Claes Swits.

Also if your Honors please to choose four We are fully satisfied to choose 4 persons, persons who shall have access to the Council to assist in maintaining the Commonalty in their here, as your Honors formerly proposed, we right, and whom we will invite to our Council, should be much gratified, so that taxes may when necessity requires ; also to fix upon not be imposed on the country in the absence certain periods of the year to meet together on of the Twelve. public business and to conclude on some articles as to the extent of their powers. As regards the 12 men, we are not aware that they received fuller powers from the Commonalty than simply to give their advice respecting the murder of the late Claes Swits.

Also that every inhabitant of New Granted, provided the Hon'''' Company Netherland, be he who he may, shall be receive their dues and that the goods be not henceforward at liberty to resort, go to and sent to an enemy. return from all places in this neighborhood and to our friends, and allies without notifying or asking any one and to repair to all such ;

places as he shall derive most advantage from, on condition of first receiving a regular pass and clearance from your Honors and paying therefor all such duties as to the Hon*"'" Company shall appertain.

In case your Honors choose four of the fittest We are fully content that two of the four to appear in your Council, as stated, it remains be annually changed. to be noted that two of the four retire every year and two others be chosen in their stead out of the 12.

places as he shall derive most advantage from, on condition of first receiving a regular pass and clearance from your Honors and paying therefor all such duties as to the Hon*"'" Company shall appertain.

In case your Honors choose four of the fittest We are fully content that two of the four to appear in your Council, as stated, it remains be annually changed. to be noted that two of the four retire every year and two others be chosen in their stead out of the 12.

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS : IlL 203

Likewise, as we all aim at and expect, with We shall prevent, as much as possible, the God's blessing, the increase of the cattle, so it sale here of any English cows or goats,

is, that heretofore the English have sold cows,

bulls and goats, whereby ours have fallen into disrepute and are not as much valued as formerly. It is therefore solicited that henceforth no cows or goats be sold here by the English ; only oxen and he goats.

Also, that the value of money be raised in We shall raise the currency ; the placards order that it be retained here and not exported are prepared for that purpose, hence by foreign nations. All which we the petitioners pray may be duly considered by your Honors, and trust that herein shall be done what will be most beneficial for the Inhabitants. Done the 21 January, 1642. Was subscribed by divers persons.

Order dissolving the Board of Twelve Men.

Also, that the value of money be raised in We shall raise the currency ; the placards order that it be retained here and not exported are prepared for that purpose, hence by foreign nations. All which we the petitioners pray may be duly considered by your Honors, and trust that herein shall be done what will be most beneficial for the Inhabitants. Done the 21 January, 1642. Was subscribed by divers persons.

Order dissolving the Board of Twelve Men.

And whereas the Commonalty at our request appointed and instructed these 12 men to communicate their good counsel and advice on the subject of the murder of the late Claes Cornelissen Swits, which was committed by the Indians; this being now completed by them, we do hereby thank them for the trouble they have taken, and shall, with God's help, make use of their rendered written advice in its own time. The said Twelve men shall now, henceforth hold no further meeting, as the same tends to a dangerous consequence, and to the great injury both of the country and of our authority. We therefore, hereby forbid them calling any manner of assemblage or meeting, except by our express order, on pain of being punished as disobedient subjects. Done in fort Amsterdam, this eighth of February, 1642, in New Netherland. By order of the Hon*"'* Director and Council of New Netherland, (Signed) Cornelis van Tienhoven, Secretary.

Ex-Director Kieft to Director Stuyvesant.

To Myn Heer General and the Hon"^ Council.

O. Whereas Jochem Pietersen and Cornelis Melyn have sent some Hon""^ gentlemen. letters to Holland to the Directors, in the name of the Eight men amongst others, one dated ;

We therefore, hereby forbid them calling any manner of assemblage or meeting, except by our express order, on pain of being punished as disobedient subjects. Done in fort Amsterdam, this eighth of February, 1642, in New Netherland. By order of the Hon*"'* Director and Council of New Netherland, (Signed) Cornelis van Tienhoven, Secretary.

Ex-Director Kieft to Director Stuyvesant.

To Myn Heer General and the Hon"^ Council.

O. Whereas Jochem Pietersen and Cornelis Melyn have sent some Hon""^ gentlemen. letters to Holland to the Directors, in the name of the Eight men amongst others, one dated ;

28"- October, 1644, containing nothing but libels and lies. To point out all these here, would take up too much space. I shall enumerate only some few:

1.

First: they say, we could bring into the field 400 men on the arrival of the Blue Cock, and that we neglected the opportunity to attack the Indians.

204 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. 2.

Secondly: that they have not been able to obtain a single man for defence.

3.

That no care is taken any more of the country.

4.

That princely power was usurped. 5.

That the Eight men received foul taunts and reproaches when assembled, and that they scarcely dare open their mouths. 6.

That they conceded our proposal of the excise.

7.

That the little Book treating of the war, contained as many lies as lines.

That the Indians were previously like lambs, and that men were seized with a rash hankering for war, and by an accursed act had murdered the Indians.

That princely power was usurped. 5.

That the Eight men received foul taunts and reproaches when assembled, and that they scarcely dare open their mouths. 6.

That they conceded our proposal of the excise.

7.

That the little Book treating of the war, contained as many lies as lines.

That the Indians were previously like lambs, and that men were seized with a rash hankering for war, and by an accursed act had murdered the Indians.

9.

That 2,500 pounds of powder had been received in store, and not 500 pounds used against the Indians. 10.

That skipper Laurens could not defend his case, in consequence of the Director's authority, etc.

We are prepared to prove that these are all false calumnies and lies. Your Hon" can well We have, in the writing hereunto annexed, answered in all respects infer what the rest are. these two fine gentlemen of whom the Directors have warned us, according to their letters exhibited to your Honors. They dispatched in an irregular manner and clandestinely sent off, that libellous letter; deceived the good people whose names they used; who, according to their own declarations, were not aware that it contained such scandalous things. Jacob Stoffelse and Jsack Allerton principally implored the people to sign --yea, even after the letter was off to Holland, they suborned, according to Melyn's own acknowledgment, the Secretary's clerk, and caused him also to sign, thus abusing our Lords Patroons, making them believe that the original letter was subscribed by the Eight men, cheating the good people, and endeavoring with false and bitter poison, to calumniate their magistrates and to bring them into difficulty; wherefore we demand justice, in order that our innocence may be known both here and in Holland, and their falsehood punished, that the Fiscal may prosecute them according to the heinousness of their crimes; also, that they be required to prove said letter, and to exhibit the copy of it which they sent off by the Blue Cock, and to which the Directors refer.

Jacob Stoffelse and Jsack Allerton principally implored the people to sign --yea, even after the letter was off to Holland, they suborned, according to Melyn's own acknowledgment, the Secretary's clerk, and caused him also to sign, thus abusing our Lords Patroons, making them believe that the original letter was subscribed by the Eight men, cheating the good people, and endeavoring with false and bitter poison, to calumniate their magistrates and to bring them into difficulty; wherefore we demand justice, in order that our innocence may be known both here and in Holland, and their falsehood punished, that the Fiscal may prosecute them according to the heinousness of their crimes; also, that they be required to prove said letter, and to exhibit the copy of it which they sent off by the Blue Cock, and to which the Directors refer. Which hoping. Ady IS"" June, 1647, New Amsterdam. Your Hon" ever ready servant, (Signed) Willem Kieft. This is found, on collating, to agree with the original, the 19'*' June, Anno, 1647. (Signed) Cornelis van Tienhoven, Secretary.

!

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS: III. 205

Messrs. Jochem Piclerscn Kuyter and Cornells Mclijn to Director Sluijvesavt.

P, To the Hon'''^ Peter Stuyvesant, Director General of New Netherland, Cura9ao and the Islands thereabout, and to the Hon"* Council.

Hon"' Gentlemen The written demand of the late Director General Kieft was sent to us by the Court messenger about 9 o'clock 5n the 19"" June of this year, 1644, with express orders to answer thereunto within twice 24 hours. Coming then to the point -- Mr. Kieft says in his statement that Jochem Pietersen and Cornells Melyn sent some first

P, To the Hon'''^ Peter Stuyvesant, Director General of New Netherland, Cura9ao and the Islands thereabout, and to the Hon"* Council.

Hon"' Gentlemen The written demand of the late Director General Kieft was sent to us by the Court messenger about 9 o'clock 5n the 19"" June of this year, 1644, with express orders to answer thereunto within twice 24 hours. Coming then to the point -- Mr. Kieft says in his statement that Jochem Pietersen and Cornells Melyn sent some first

letters to the Honorable Directors in Holland in the name of the Eight men, containing nothing but libels and lies, etc. It was not under, nor in the name of the Eight men, but by their previously determined counsel and resolution, word for word, conjointly approved and signed by them. We shall, therefore, without any glossing or circumlocution, simply answer according to our ability his Hon" proposed articles. Your Honors will please to know, as regards the 400 men who could be brought into the 1.

on the arrival of the Blue Cock, that we doubt not but we were informed of it by his field

Honor himself and Captain de Vries told us so. They admit first, that 130 soldiers had come in the Blue Cock, commanded by the aforesaid Captain. 2°. There were yet also at that time between 40 and 50 old soldiers, exclusive of the English who, according to our best judgment, were full 50 strong. There were, likewise, at this time, between 50 and 60 sailors or seafaring people, who were willing to, as they sometime afterwards did, serve the commonwealth. We do not include the crew of the Blue Cock. 3°. The Hon"* Mr. Kieft

They admit first, that 130 soldiers had come in the Blue Cock, commanded by the aforesaid Captain. 2°. There were yet also at that time between 40 and 50 old soldiers, exclusive of the English who, according to our best judgment, were full 50 strong. There were, likewise, at this time, between 50 and 60 sailors or seafaring people, who were willing to, as they sometime afterwards did, serve the commonwealth. We do not include the crew of the Blue Cock. 3°. The Hon"* Mr. Kieft

also allowed, in two two hundred freemen and places, as is to be seen in Carta A. B., for

Company's servants, and thus, whenever a calculation in gross is made from what we have enumerated, it will, without making a very strict examination, be found that probably between 3 and 400 men could be brought before many days into the field against the enemy, as stated in the letter; and yet they could miss the few opportunities which they still possessed to restore, through God's mercy, a desirable peace to this country; as Mr. Kieft himself hath written in a letter of the 21 July, 1644, (marked C.) And whilst that was neglected, our people were killed and murdered within a few weeks, at divers places without the Fort, by the Indians who, for all that, gathered in safety their maize and other necessaries in the meantime. We, on the other hand, continued in the greatest terror, with the cattle which still remained ;

Company's servants, and thus, whenever a calculation in gross is made from what we have enumerated, it will, without making a very strict examination, be found that probably between 3 and 400 men could be brought before many days into the field against the enemy, as stated in the letter; and yet they could miss the few opportunities which they still possessed to restore, through God's mercy, a desirable peace to this country; as Mr. Kieft himself hath written in a letter of the 21 July, 1644, (marked C.) And whilst that was neglected, our people were killed and murdered within a few weeks, at divers places without the Fort, by the Indians who, for all that, gathered in safety their maize and other necessaries in the meantime. We, on the other hand, continued in the greatest terror, with the cattle which still remained ;

and in the heat of the war complained, and do still complain, to our Lords Patroons, to wit: to the Noble Lords Majors, but not to foreigners, nor to the enemies of the United Netherlands. 2. Your Honors will please to observe in the two remonstrances or protests of Thomas Hall and the late Barent Dircksen, what defence or assistance was furnished to any of ours at

that time. 3. The piles of ashes from the burnt houses, barns, barracks and other buildings, and the bones of the cattle, more than sufficiently demonstrate the ordinary care that was bestowed We respectfully request your Honors on the country, God help it, particularly during the war. matter to institute a rigid inquiry into this How many first class Bouweries and plantations :

Your Honors will please to observe in the two remonstrances or protests of Thomas Hall and the late Barent Dircksen, what defence or assistance was furnished to any of ours at

that time. 3. The piles of ashes from the burnt houses, barns, barracks and other buildings, and the bones of the cattle, more than sufficiently demonstrate the ordinary care that was bestowed We respectfully request your Honors on the country, God help it, particularly during the war. matter to institute a rigid inquiry into this How many first class Bouweries and plantations :

were abandoned in the war by our Dutch and English, whose houses were burnt, as has been

--

206 NEW-YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. stated, and what number of cattle lias eacli individually lost? It is our opinion those will amount to between 40 and 50, and had they been all preserved, might have been doubled at this day, and the cattle quadrupled, so that a considerable tenth would yearly accrue to the

Hon"^ Company, and ourselves obtain annually overflowing returns of produce, with which not only the Hon"' Company's ships -- yea, were the whole fleet to amount 30 to 40 in number but also the Islands in the West Indies and the Brazil, could be supplied with grain, flour, peas, pork, beef and other necessaries, which now must be had from the English at the North at a great expense. ,

4. That relative to princely power is questioned. Thereunto we say, that Mr. Arent van Curler verbally communicated that information to us as worthy of belief; and that the aforesaid Curler declared, at the house of the Minister, Everhardus Bogardus, in the presence of Captain de Vries, that he had heard Mons"' de la Montaigne complain in the tavern to Martin Krygier, that Mr. Kieft's power in this country was greater and more extensive, as regards his commission, than was that of his Highness of Orange in the Netherlands and thougii, through ;

Arent van Curler verbally communicated that information to us as worthy of belief; and that the aforesaid Curler declared, at the house of the Minister, Everhardus Bogardus, in the presence of Captain de Vries, that he had heard Mons"' de la Montaigne complain in the tavern to Martin Krygier, that Mr. Kieft's power in this country was greater and more extensive, as regards his commission, than was that of his Highness of Orange in the Netherlands and thougii, through ;

lapse of time, it being some years ago, it has slipped our memory who were the others present when this argument occurred, yet we think that he named, among the rest, Willem de Key, Jan Jansen Daem, who also should have heard it. Therefore, we respectfully request your Honors to be pleased to take the trouble to examine the Minister aforesaid. Captain de Vries, and the other persons, touching this matter. 3. This assertion can also be somewhat

corroborated by the certificate. Carta, D.; also, by the fact itself, that his Honor commenced this bloody and disastrous war of his own authority, independent of his Council.

5. That the Eight men were treated with contempt and disregard, we, the undersigned

experienced in company with Thomas Hall. On the last of June, 1644, Mr. Kieft sent for us on the subject of the demanded toll, and left us sitting in the room from eight o'clock until noon, without asking us a question notwithstanding we frequently notified him by the messenger of our arrival and of our being there in waiting to hear what his Honor would please to submit to us, but not a word in explanation did his Honor send us, and leaving the business unfinished we were under the necessity of returning as wise as we went. Was not this, now mocking and scoffing them ?

Kieft sent for us on the subject of the demanded toll, and left us sitting in the room from eight o'clock until noon, without asking us a question notwithstanding we frequently notified him by the messenger of our arrival and of our being there in waiting to hear what his Honor would please to submit to us, but not a word in explanation did his Honor send us, and leaving the business unfinished we were under the necessity of returning as wise as we went. Was not this, now mocking and scoffing them ? Be it borne in mind that his Honor had sent for us by his messenger. We thus consider our statement uncontradicted. It is also corroborated in Carta, D., the 8"' June, 1644. 6. The agreeing to the Excise is seen by 3 letters, E. F. G.; by the Acts of the IS, 21, 22 June, 1644, and therefore no further declaration is necessary. 7. The misstatements of the Little Book on the subject of the war, which are referred to in the letter. We wish, in regard to Mr. Kieft, that we had committed an error on this point in our communication; but 'tis to be feared that, when compared with other declarations, something strange will be found in it. But we leave this on one side, and refer to our Minister and Cornells van Tienhoven, the Secretary, both of whom read it for the purpose of punctuating it, and who flung it from the table on account of the nonsense they found in it in regard to

Kieft, that we had committed an error on this point in our communication; but 'tis to be feared that, when compared with other declarations, something strange will be found in it. But we leave this on one side, and refer to our Minister and Cornells van Tienhoven, the Secretary, both of whom read it for the purpose of punctuating it, and who flung it from the table on account of the nonsense they found in it in regard to

the war, so that your Honors will please to hear the Minister aforesaid and Secretary van Tienhoven hereupon. Also, if his Honor please, this Little Book must be produced in order to look in it for what, through lapse of time, has been forgotten. 8. It is chiefly manifest from their own act, that the Indians conducted themselves like lambs, before the melancholy spectacle of which they were the victims in the year 1643 over at Pavonia and on the Island Manhatas. Be it remarked, that they allowed themselves, their

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS : III. 207 wives and children to be slaughtered at that time like sheep, and came (so to speak) like lambs to lie in our arms. We appeal in this case to the entire Commonalty and to each member of it individually, who hath survived that time, to say how murderously the Indians were then treated. Would to God we may be found to be liars on this point. But the truth thereof shall be more than sufficiently established hereafter before their High Mightinesses. 9. That there was at the time a supply of 2,500 pounds of powder. We shall not assert precisely if there were 2 or 300 pounds more or less, but merely say, that there ought to have been a good portion according tola Montaigne's own acknowledgment Monsieur which he made on the 19 F'ebruary 1645, in presence of Mr.

Would to God we may be found to be liars on this point. But the truth thereof shall be more than sufficiently established hereafter before their High Mightinesses. 9. That there was at the time a supply of 2,500 pounds of powder. We shall not assert precisely if there were 2 or 300 pounds more or less, but merely say, that there ought to have been a good portion according tola Montaigne's own acknowledgment Monsieur which he made on the 19 F'ebruary 1645, in presence of Mr. Kieft and Captain de Vries. So that de la Montaigne, and the Captain will be able to furnish full explanation why and wherefore there was a conversation at that time about powder. Mr. Kieft also knows how much powder was seized from Peter Wynkoop, and how much received from the Seven Stars and elsewhere. 10. That Skipper Laurens Cornelissen could not defend his case in consequence of Director Kieft's authority. On this point, the above named Skipper complained in presence of divers persons ; to wit, that he would indeed have obtained declarations from some persons in his suit regarding pearls, but, through fear and in consequence of the high station of Mr. Kieft, they dare not give them except two, who, however, had made so bold and gave him a certificate. We do not corroborate the whole of this matter in our letters; we merely say, that we believe it. 2. As this point has no relation to the general affairs of the country, but merely regards the difficulty between Mr. Kieft and the above named skipper, we shall therefore refrain from it and pass to the conclusion. His Honor says, first, that all these points of our letter are false libels and lies also, that ;

We do not corroborate the whole of this matter in our letters; we merely say, that we believe it. 2. As this point has no relation to the general affairs of the country, but merely regards the difficulty between Mr. Kieft and the above named skipper, we shall therefore refrain from it and pass to the conclusion. His Honor says, first, that all these points of our letter are false libels and lies also, that ;

he hath replied to all the other contents of the letter. We, therefore, respectfully request to be furnished with a copy thereof; Item, he hath warned the Directors of the above named five gentlemen; we wish also to see that letter. We cannot comprehend how we ever deceived the Directors by impertinent papers ; on the contrary we show that we have been esteemed and respected by them in consequence of the large cargo of live stock which, with the Directors, we brought hither to New Netherland in the ship the Brant van Troycn; Wherefore, they most particularly instructed Mr. Kieft (to use their own words) to treat us well .in order the better to encourage others. Item. They, especially Jacob Stoffelsen and Isack Allerton, cheated the good people whose names they dishonestly made use of, and whom they imploringly besought to sign, thus deceiving the Lords Patroons, inducing them to believe that the original letter was signed by the Eight men. This appears, indeed, clear, be it remarked, that when the letter was exhibited to them they acknowledged here before your Honors in Council that they signed. Item. They threatened the good people and sought with bitter poison to calumniate their magistrates, wherefore his Honor demands justice, so that his innocence may be known both here and in Holland, etc" We have already answered in the S"* article and again repeat, that as respects Mr.

They, especially Jacob Stoffelsen and Isack Allerton, cheated the good people whose names they dishonestly made use of, and whom they imploringly besought to sign, thus deceiving the Lords Patroons, inducing them to believe that the original letter was signed by the Eight men. This appears, indeed, clear, be it remarked, that when the letter was exhibited to them they acknowledged here before your Honors in Council that they signed. Item. They threatened the good people and sought with bitter poison to calumniate their magistrates, wherefore his Honor demands justice, so that his innocence may be known both here and in Holland, etc" We have already answered in the S"* article and again repeat, that as respects Mr. Kieft we heartily wish his Honor may establish his innocence before their High Mightinesses touching this war with the Americans. We are content to be, then, esteemed such as his Honor described us in his letter, and shall willingly suffer and take it with an honest face; for the wisest man teaches that the feeble must not speak evil, as anger is not excited against the silent man. It is said that Diogenes was once asked how he could contrive to live so many years at court? To which the philosopher answered : I had to bear and endure much injury at court from the

;

208 NEW-YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. King, and I always in return said, Thanl^ you. We willingly confess that we have not experienced what the philosopher here represents, for not an unkind word was exchanged between us and Mr. Kieft in our intercourse with that gentleman. His Honor must prove that the Eight chosen men, who were elected by the Commonalty and approved and authorized by his Honor and his Council, acted unlawfully in communicating to their High Mightinesses and Lords Majors, the general ruin and necessity of the country, in order thereby to obtain earlier aid and assistance, as is, God be praised now evident.

We willingly confess that we have not experienced what the philosopher here represents, for not an unkind word was exchanged between us and Mr. Kieft in our intercourse with that gentleman. His Honor must prove that the Eight chosen men, who were elected by the Commonalty and approved and authorized by his Honor and his Council, acted unlawfully in communicating to their High Mightinesses and Lords Majors, the general ruin and necessity of the country, in order thereby to obtain earlier aid and assistance, as is, God be praised now evident. Were !

this true, as we trust it is, we think, under correction, that we have not injured Mr. Kieft in general nor in particular ; and that his Honor ought not so sharply and so severely censure and reprimand us for the ancient Sage was of opinion that a person high in station could not ;

commit a graver fault than to insult those who durst not answer him. But it had been better that this matter had been referred to those by whom it could have been brought to a final decision for it Mr. Kieft has yet to prove that his Honor lawfully and of a necessity, commenced the war in question against those Natives. If lawfully, his Honor will rejoice, and we, on the other hand,

shall remain in shame and disgrace ; if the contrary be established, to wit, that it was urged forward through his own fancy, let us then once see what the law of nations thinks of it; for in the exacting of punishment, this law must first of alt be observed, so that no war be ever again undertaken, unless men are stronger than the opposite party. For not only doth prudence, or the love of one's own, but even frequently those also who administer justice, demand that people abstain from a hazardous war, as, from the nature of government, the sovereign is

shall remain in shame and disgrace ; if the contrary be established, to wit, that it was urged forward through his own fancy, let us then once see what the law of nations thinks of it; for in the exacting of punishment, this law must first of alt be observed, so that no war be ever again undertaken, unless men are stronger than the opposite party. For not only doth prudence, or the love of one's own, but even frequently those also who administer justice, demand that people abstain from a hazardous war, as, from the nature of government, the sovereign is

bound by justice to care for the subject, no less than the subject to obey; so that even a King, who undertakes a war for a trifling cause, or to exact unnecessary punishment, which is very hazardous, is bound to indemnify the subject for all damage incurred thereby having, ;

by that means, done him wrong and, for insufficient cause, brought down on him such serious difficulties. For this reason Linius says -- " That is a just war, which is a necessary one." James, King of Great Britain, in his lifetime admitted this; and Propertius says " A soldier -- must bear arms in order thereby to control arms." Moreover, even just cause, does not oblige rulers to undertake war for their subjects, except it can be done without damage to all, or the majority of them. For the office of governor extends rather over the whole, than over a part ; and where a part is greater, there it

For this reason Linius says -- " That is a just war, which is a necessary one." James, King of Great Britain, in his lifetime admitted this; and Propertius says " A soldier -- must bear arms in order thereby to control arms." Moreover, even just cause, does not oblige rulers to undertake war for their subjects, except it can be done without damage to all, or the majority of them. For the office of governor extends rather over the whole, than over a part ; and where a part is greater, there it

approximates more closely to the nature of the whole; and in regard to Christ's precept, which wills that we be ready to lay aside all contention and discord ; consequently, still more does it discountenance war ; and, therefore, says Ambrose --" It is not only generosity in a prudent man to desist somewhat from his right ; but it is also profitable and advantageous." In like manner Aristides -- " Men must quietly yield and grant a little, for those are prized who will rather suffer wrong than contention." Xenophon : -- It becometh even the wise not to commence •'

a war for a great cause." From all that has been here stated on the subject of war, it can readily be concluded how prudently we must proceed in the matter; and how hazardous it is to engage in it, especially with so rude and barbarous a people as these Indians are. This being now laid aside, let us conclude. As regards the letter to the XIX. by the Blue Cock, we cannot produce it, inasmuch as we sent it by Govert Loockemans to Holland, enclosed to a person whose name we, for cause,

a war for a great cause." From all that has been here stated on the subject of war, it can readily be concluded how prudently we must proceed in the matter; and how hazardous it is to engage in it, especially with so rude and barbarous a people as these Indians are. This being now laid aside, let us conclude. As regards the letter to the XIX. by the Blue Cock, we cannot produce it, inasmuch as we sent it by Govert Loockemans to Holland, enclosed to a person whose name we, for cause,

would not willingly disclose we cannot for certainty say whether Andries Hudden, who drew ;

up that letter and who also subscribed it with his own hand, still retains the draft or minute of it.

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS : III. 209

It appears, then, from what we have answered in this our declaration, that we did not act as Mr. Kieft is pleased to lay to our charge; hut submit all this to the discretion of your Honors' wise and mature judgment. It is remarked, that Mr. Kieft demands in his declaration, which was read to us in your Honor's court on the 1S"» instant, that we be sent to Holland as pests and seditious persons. We, therefore, respectfully request of your Honors that it be granted to us, not to go as pestilent and seditious persons, as his Honor represents, but as good patriots and proprietors of New Netherland this, it is manifest we are, from what we have ;

It is remarked, that Mr. Kieft demands in his declaration, which was read to us in your Honor's court on the 1S"» instant, that we be sent to Holland as pests and seditious persons. We, therefore, respectfully request of your Honors that it be granted to us, not to go as pestilent and seditious persons, as his Honor represents, but as good patriots and proprietors of New Netherland this, it is manifest we are, from what we have ;

expended in the country and which, in this war, was in a moment laid in ashes, whereby we ;

have lost ail our property. Whereunto we call God, the Lords Majors and the entire Commonalty, to witness. Also, that the other four out of the Eight chosen men, may be likewise sent with us, in order that they may acknowledge their signatures before their High Mightinesses; moreover, that all who are on their interrogatories may be summoned before your Honors for the 13"' instant. Finally and lastly, we respectfully pray the General and Council to be pleased to legally call together, before the departure of the Princess, all the freemen and Company's servants, who have survived the war, and ask them conjointly the following question, to wit: If we did not live in peace with these surrounding Indians before they were slaughtered, in February, 1643,

on Jan de Lacher's hook, near Jan Evertsen's bouwery at Pavonia, and behind Curler's plantation on the Island of Manhattans ; also, whether each of them, individually, could not at the time, uninterruptedly pursue their outdoor labor in the bush, as well as in the field, and live safely in their houses with their wives and children, without any fear of the Indians. Expecting this, &c., remaining your Hon" faithful inhabitants of New Netherland.

Finally and lastly, we respectfully pray the General and Council to be pleased to legally call together, before the departure of the Princess, all the freemen and Company's servants, who have survived the war, and ask them conjointly the following question, to wit: If we did not live in peace with these surrounding Indians before they were slaughtered, in February, 1643,

on Jan de Lacher's hook, near Jan Evertsen's bouwery at Pavonia, and behind Curler's plantation on the Island of Manhattans ; also, whether each of them, individually, could not at the time, uninterruptedly pursue their outdoor labor in the bush, as well as in the field, and live safely in their houses with their wives and children, without any fear of the Indians. Expecting this, &c., remaining your Hon" faithful inhabitants of New Netherland.

(Signed) Jochiem Piet Cuyter, :

Done at the Manhatans, Ady, this 22'' June, 1647. Cornelis Melyn.

The Eight Men to the Amsterdam Chamber of ike West India Comyany.

Q. To the Honorable, Wise, Prudent General Directors of the Incorporated West India Company, Chamber at Amsterdam.

Honorable Sirs. We gratefully learned by your letters per the Macht van Enckhuijzeii, your Honors' disposition to extend assistance to us in this our truly most unfortunate plight ; we also trust and pray to God that it be done by the earliest opportunity. We afterwards again respectfully dispatched by the ship Blue Cock, our general necessity to the Hon*'"' XIX. We hope your Honors will have favorably regarded the contents thereof, in which we, in a superficial manner, briefly yet truly, submitted the first origin whence this war arose, to our universal ruin. Would to God it had not been meddled with. We were greatly rejoiced at the miraculous arrival of the Blue Cock here with so many of the Company's people, and therefore hoped that the field would be taken with between three and four hundred men, (not including the sailors and settlers,) divided into three companies of one hundred and thirty men each, and by this force, the neighboring savages for 15 (al 20 miles around, would have had their crops destroyed, and themselves stripped of all their support for the winter, whereby great injury might have been inflicted on the enemy, in order with a view

We were greatly rejoiced at the miraculous arrival of the Blue Cock here with so many of the Company's people, and therefore hoped that the field would be taken with between three and four hundred men, (not including the sailors and settlers,) divided into three companies of one hundred and thirty men each, and by this force, the neighboring savages for 15 (al 20 miles around, would have had their crops destroyed, and themselves stripped of all their support for the winter, whereby great injury might have been inflicted on the enemy, in order with a view

Vol. I. 27

210 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS.

to their easier reduction hereafter to terms. But nothing in the least has been done therein.

In ail that time, scarce a foot has been moved in the matter, nor an oar laid in the water. The captured Indians who might have been of considerable use to us as guides, have been given to the soldiers as presents, and allowed to go to Holland ; the others have been sent ofT to the Bermudas as a present to the English governor. The oldest and most experienced soldiers,who for several years were acquainted with all the paths here, have obtained their passport and been allowed to return home. In the meanwhile the Indians secreted without molestation their fish caught this last summer on the river, of which they had uninterrupted use at their pleasure. Our fields lie fallow and waste; our dwellings and other buildings are burnt; not a handful can be planted or sown this fall on all the abandoned places. The crop, which God the Lord permitted to come forth during the past summer, remains on the field, as well as the hay, standing and rotting in divers places ; whilst we poor people have not been able to obtain a single man for our defence.

In the meanwhile the Indians secreted without molestation their fish caught this last summer on the river, of which they had uninterrupted use at their pleasure. Our fields lie fallow and waste; our dwellings and other buildings are burnt; not a handful can be planted or sown this fall on all the abandoned places. The crop, which God the Lord permitted to come forth during the past summer, remains on the field, as well as the hay, standing and rotting in divers places ; whilst we poor people have not been able to obtain a single man for our defence. We are burdened with heavy families have no means to provide ;

necessaries any longer for our wives or children. We are seated here in the midst of thousands of Indians and barbarians, from whom is to be experienced neither peace nor pity. We have left our Fatherland, and had not the Lord our God been our comfort, must have perished in our wretchedness. There are amongst us, who by the sweat and labor of their hands, have been endeavoring at great expense, to improve their lands and gardens; others with their own capital, have equipped with every necessary their own ships, which have been captured by the enemy in coming hither, though they have continued the voyage with equal zeal, and at considerable cost. Some, again, independent of tiie Company, have brought hither large numbers of families in vessels of as great burden, freighted with a large stock of cattle, and have erected handsome buildings on the spots selected for their people cleared the forest and the ;

There are amongst us, who by the sweat and labor of their hands, have been endeavoring at great expense, to improve their lands and gardens; others with their own capital, have equipped with every necessary their own ships, which have been captured by the enemy in coming hither, though they have continued the voyage with equal zeal, and at considerable cost. Some, again, independent of tiie Company, have brought hither large numbers of families in vessels of as great burden, freighted with a large stock of cattle, and have erected handsome buildings on the spots selected for their people cleared the forest and the ;

wilderness, enclosed and brought their plantations under the plough, so as to be an ornament to the country and a profit to the proprietors, after their long laborious toil. All these are now laid in ashes through a foolish hankering after war ; for it is known to all right thinking men here, that these Indians have lived as lambs among us until a few years ago, injuring no one, affording every assistance to our nation, and had in Director van Twiller's time (when supplies had not been sent for several months), furnished provisions to several of the Company's servants, as they state, until supplies were received. The Director hath, by various uncalled for proceedings, from time to time so estranged them from us, and so embittered them against the Dutch nation, that we do not believe any thing will bring them back, unless the Lord God, who bends all men's hearts to his will, propitiate them. Thus hath the Antient very truly observed "Any man can create turmoil, and set the people one :

All these are now laid in ashes through a foolish hankering after war ; for it is known to all right thinking men here, that these Indians have lived as lambs among us until a few years ago, injuring no one, affording every assistance to our nation, and had in Director van Twiller's time (when supplies had not been sent for several months), furnished provisions to several of the Company's servants, as they state, until supplies were received. The Director hath, by various uncalled for proceedings, from time to time so estranged them from us, and so embittered them against the Dutch nation, that we do not believe any thing will bring them back, unless the Lord God, who bends all men's hearts to his will, propitiate them. Thus hath the Antient very truly observed "Any man can create turmoil, and set the people one :

against the other; but to establish harmony again, is in the power of God alone." A semblance of peace was attempted to be patched up last spring with one or two tribes of Savages towards the North by a foreigner ' whom we, for cause, shall not now name, without one of the Company's servants having been present, whilst our principal enemies are left unmolested. This place hath borne little fruit for the Commonwealth and our Lords' reputation, and we now daily experience what we observed in the 5"" article of our previous letter to the Hon*"" XiX. For these savages had no sooner their maize in pits but they began to murder

against the other; but to establish harmony again, is in the power of God alone." A semblance of peace was attempted to be patched up last spring with one or two tribes of Savages towards the North by a foreigner ' whom we, for cause, shall not now name, without one of the Company's servants having been present, whilst our principal enemies are left unmolested. This place hath borne little fruit for the Commonwealth and our Lords' reputation, and we now daily experience what we observed in the 5"" article of our previous letter to the Hon*"" XiX. For these savages had no sooner their maize in pits but they began to murder

' Capt John Underbill -- Ed.

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS : IIL 211

our people in various directions. They continually rove around in parties, night and day, on the Island of Manhattans, killing our people not a thousand paces from the Fort ; and things have now arrived at such a pass, that no one dare move a foot to fetch a stick of fire wood without an escort. The two bouweries in the Bay, and the three on this Island, one of which belongs to the Hon*"'' Company, are in great danger of being burnt this winter, for never have these tSavages shown themselves so bold and insolent. The cause of this is, that they have not experienced any opposition from us this summer, nor lost any of their crops. And, thus, have they circumvented us by a strategem under pretense of peace. Had diligence which is most necessary in time of war, been used, as we requested, with the force of the Blue Cock, during this season, the Indians would, beyond a peradventure, have made advances themselves, and some hope would exist of enjoying, against the arrival of a new Governor, a general peace.

The cause of this is, that they have not experienced any opposition from us this summer, nor lost any of their crops. And, thus, have they circumvented us by a strategem under pretense of peace. Had diligence which is most necessary in time of war, been used, as we requested, with the force of the Blue Cock, during this season, the Indians would, beyond a peradventure, have made advances themselves, and some hope would exist of enjoying, against the arrival of a new Governor, a general peace. But to this very little attention has been paid. The favorable season has been allowed to go by, and people have busied themselves with private quarrels and law suits, with this one and that, especially about sending pearls by Louwrens Cornelissen, skipper of the Maccht vnn Enckhuyze7i, which lasted six weeks, and who on that account has been banished. Through respect for the Director, we shall not rightly speak of the matter which finally appertains to the Lords only to pass on, but so much is said and heard here, and it is our opinion, that had it

not been for the authority of the Director the poor skipper might have fortified himself with divers most respectable certificates ; not only with those which were sent with him but also with divers others. Two guides have recently been called from the North with whom Captain De Vries was sent, on the 22'' instant, with a party on an expedition in that direction. They killed eight* but as the saying is -- " Whenever we lay one enemy low. On the morrow another returns the blow." With those raw and naked soldiers who have resided for so many years in warm climates, we shall have to wade in frost and snow through rivers and creeks but shall probably survive ;

Two guides have recently been called from the North with whom Captain De Vries was sent, on the 22'' instant, with a party on an expedition in that direction. They killed eight* but as the saying is -- " Whenever we lay one enemy low. On the morrow another returns the blow." With those raw and naked soldiers who have resided for so many years in warm climates, we shall have to wade in frost and snow through rivers and creeks but shall probably survive ;

this and sneak back again into our shells from the winter. We are again in want of powder. Including that of Peter Wynkoop, it is estimated that 2500 weight was received in the cellar up to this date, five hundred pounds of which have not been used in that period, against the enemy. The country here is no longer of any or much account. Every place is going to ruin ;

neither counsel nor advice is taken ; the only talk here is of princelypower and sovereignty, about which La Montaigne argued a few days ago in the tavern, maintaining that the power of the Director here was greater, as regards his office and commission, than that of his Highness of Orange in the Netherlands. For the sake of appearances, Twelve men were called together here, in November, 1642^ pn the subject of the murder of Claes, the wheelwright; the Director submitted to them whether the blood of the aforesaid wheelwright should not be avenged? Whereupon divers debates arose on the one side and the other, as the document will show; for at this time a hankering after war had wholly seized on the Director. But the aforesaid 12 men could not continue to meet any longer than the 8"" of February following; for such was forbidden on pain of corporal punishment.

For the sake of appearances, Twelve men were called together here, in November, 1642^ pn the subject of the murder of Claes, the wheelwright; the Director submitted to them whether the blood of the aforesaid wheelwright should not be avenged? Whereupon divers debates arose on the one side and the other, as the document will show; for at this time a hankering after war had wholly seized on the Director. But the aforesaid 12 men could not continue to meet any longer than the 8"" of February following; for such was forbidden on pain of corporal punishment. Shortly after, he commenced the war against those of Wesquecqueck, on his own mere motion, as appears by the petition of the Twelve men.

212 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS.

At the request of the Director, the Commonalty again elected 8 men, in September, 1643; but this was 6 @^ 7 months after the Director had authorized the execution of the cruel deed over at Pavonia. They did, indeed, draw up some good and suitable regulations; forbidding taverns and all other improprieties appointed a week's preaching instead, as can be seen by ;

the order; but it was not executed by the officer. These Eight men, aforesaid, were never called together again on public business, from the 4" November, 1643, to the IS"" June, 1644; though in that period many things occurred. It was, indeed, sufficiently manifest how little were these Eight men respected, for no sooner did they open their mouths to propose anything tending in their judgment to the public good, than the Director met them with sundry biting and scoffing taunts ; and sometimes had them summoned, without asking them a question, thus obliging them to return amidst jeers and sneers, as wise as they went. We were finally again convoked, on the IS"" June, 1644, as above stated, when the Director demanded that some new taxes and excise should be imposed on the Commonalty, or he should discharge the English soldiers.

It was, indeed, sufficiently manifest how little were these Eight men respected, for no sooner did they open their mouths to propose anything tending in their judgment to the public good, than the Director met them with sundry biting and scoffing taunts ; and sometimes had them summoned, without asking them a question, thus obliging them to return amidst jeers and sneers, as wise as they went. We were finally again convoked, on the IS"" June, 1644, as above stated, when the Director demanded that some new taxes and excise should be imposed on the Commonalty, or he should discharge the English soldiers. Whereupon we remonstrated, that it was impossible for us to raise means from the people, as those outside (de huyten huys luyden) were reduced to the extremest necessity by this war; and we did not conceive that our powers extended so far as to impose new taxes ; but that such must first be considered by a higher authority (to wit, by the Lords Majors). Hereat the Director became much enraged, and with an altered mien said to us, in presence of the Fiscal and Montaigne: I have more power here than the Company; therefore I may do

whatever I please. He further added for I have my commission not from the Company, but :

from the Lords the States: as by the certificate further can be seen. We nevertheless consented to the Director's proposition but submitted to his Honor that ;

there was a more suitable means devisable, by which the poor Commonalty could be spared (to wit), that the private traders, who had drawn excessive profits from the country, by their injurious usury, should contribute something to the public service. And what further followed is seen in two different Remonstrances; but the Director was pleased to disregard this; rejected it, as utterly unworthy, and allowed Gerrit Vastrick to depart with some thousand skins, without taking a penny from him ; from what motive is unknown to us.

there was a more suitable means devisable, by which the poor Commonalty could be spared (to wit), that the private traders, who had drawn excessive profits from the country, by their injurious usury, should contribute something to the public service. And what further followed is seen in two different Remonstrances; but the Director was pleased to disregard this; rejected it, as utterly unworthy, and allowed Gerrit Vastrick to depart with some thousand skins, without taking a penny from him ; from what motive is unknown to us. With all that, the Director, a few days before the Blue Cock sailed, had a placard published without our knowledge, wherein the aforesaid duty was demanded from others, and laid at 15 stuyvers per beaver ; and 2 guilders for every tun of beer, from the brewers as well as from the tapsters; but the former were allowed in return to charge the burgher a guilder more; and the tapster to charge one stiver (more) per pot ; so that this will probably have to be paid by the poor, who are unable to procure beer for the sick and wounded, except by the can. We understand here, that the Director sent to the Lords, by the Blue Cock, a Book ornamented with various pictures in water colors, in which he dilates at length on the origin of the war. On that subject it contains as many lies as lines as we are informed by the ;

Minister and others who have read it; and from our time to his, as few facts as leaves. It is to be embellished with an oil painting. We shall not question what sort of birds are in the woods, nor what species offish resort the rivers here; nor the length and breadth of the land. All tins is more copy, and has been long ago described by others.

On that subject it contains as many lies as lines as we are informed by the ;

Minister and others who have read it; and from our time to his, as few facts as leaves. It is to be embellished with an oil painting. We shall not question what sort of birds are in the woods, nor what species offish resort the rivers here; nor the length and breadth of the land. All tins is more copy, and has been long ago described by others. It may, indeed, be asked,

how it comes that the Director can so aptly describe all localities and the nature of the

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS: III. 213

animals, since his Honor in the six or seven years he has been residing at the Manhatans, has never been, in this country, farther from his iiitchen and bedchamber than half way up the aforesaid Island. But laying all the preceding aside, we shall still have to inquire, namely -- Were we not at peace with all those surrounding Indians on the 24"" February, 1643, at the time, we say,

when the Director kept Shrovetide with three of his cronies at one of their houses, on which occasion Jan Dam proposed a mysterious toast, and a few days after which, this accursed deed was executed by the murder of so many innocent Indians at Pavonia and at the Manatans. Should we relate all the circumstances that have occurred in this country in six (^ seven years, time would fail us, and the perusal would fatigue your Honors. But with your permission we shall postpone it to a more appropriate time. Honored Lords ! This is what we have, in the sorrow of our hearts, to complain of; that one man, who has been sent out, sworn and instructed by his Lords and masters, to whom he is responsible, should dispose here of our lives and properties at his will and pleasure, in a manner so arbitrary that a King dare not legally do the like.

But with your permission we shall postpone it to a more appropriate time. Honored Lords ! This is what we have, in the sorrow of our hearts, to complain of; that one man, who has been sent out, sworn and instructed by his Lords and masters, to whom he is responsible, should dispose here of our lives and properties at his will and pleasure, in a manner so arbitrary that a King dare not legally do the like. We shall terminate here, and commit the matter wholly to our God who, we pray and ;

heartily trust, will move your hearts and bless your deliberations, so that one of these two things may happen ; that a Governor may be speedily sent with a beloved peace to us ; or, that your Honors will be pleased to permit us to return, with wives and children to our dear

Fatherland. For it is impossible ever to settle this country until a different system be introduced here, and a new Governor sent out with more people, who will settle in suitable places, one near the other, in the form of villages or hamlets, and elect from among themselves a Bailiff or Schout and Schepens, who will be empowered to send their deputies and give their votes on public affairs with the Director and Council so that the entire country may not be ;

hereafter, at the whim of one man, again reduced to similar danger. So long as this is not done, we say, the rural districts can never be cultivated. We respectfully request that the aforesaid may be taken into consideration. We remain, as we are, your Honors' faithful, poor and distressed inhabitants of New Netherland. Done Manatans this 28"" October, A" 1644.

For it is impossible ever to settle this country until a different system be introduced here, and a new Governor sent out with more people, who will settle in suitable places, one near the other, in the form of villages or hamlets, and elect from among themselves a Bailiff or Schout and Schepens, who will be empowered to send their deputies and give their votes on public affairs with the Director and Council so that the entire country may not be ;

hereafter, at the whim of one man, again reduced to similar danger. So long as this is not done, we say, the rural districts can never be cultivated. We respectfully request that the aforesaid may be taken into consideration. We remain, as we are, your Honors' faithful, poor and distressed inhabitants of New Netherland. Done Manatans this 28"" October, A" 1644.

We should have postponed these our multitudinous complaints were we assured that our previous letter to the Hon*"'' the XIX., by the Blue Cock, had safely arrived.

(Signed) Jochem P" Cuyter, The mark O f " f of

IsACK Allerton, Jacob Stoffelsen, This is the mark ~~j y of Thomas Hall, Gerrit Wolffersen, Jan Evertsen Bout, made by himself. The mark p of CoRNELis Melyn, Barent Dikcksen, made by himself.

Judgment pronounced hy Director Stmjvesant on Jochem Pietersen Kmjter.

It. 1647. The 10 August this was sent to my house by the clerk, Jacob Kieft.

Whereas, Jochim Pietersen Kuyter, aged 50 years, a native of Ditmersen, hath presumed and undertaken to threaten with the finger the Hon'''" Director, his Chief, here in the meeting

IsACK Allerton, Jacob Stoffelsen, This is the mark ~~j y of Thomas Hall, Gerrit Wolffersen, Jan Evertsen Bout, made by himself. The mark p of CoRNELis Melyn, Barent Dikcksen, made by himself.

Judgment pronounced hy Director Stmjvesant on Jochem Pietersen Kmjter.

It. 1647. The 10 August this was sent to my house by the clerk, Jacob Kieft.

Whereas, Jochim Pietersen Kuyter, aged 50 years, a native of Ditmersen, hath presumed and undertaken to threaten with the finger the Hon'''" Director, his Chief, here in the meeting

;

214 NEW-YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. of the Eight men, who were assembled as a Board, and to say -- When he had doffed the coat with which his Lords and Masters had cloathed him, he will then certainly have him: witness his own confession dated IG"" July last, when he said, in Our court, that he gave some explanations to this effect: That this could happen only when Mynheer had taken off the coat his Lords and Masters had put on him ; and the abovenamed Jochem Pietersen, in company with one Cornelis Melyn, drew up, prepared and wrote a false and libelous letter, dated 27 October, 1G44, which he signed with Melyn and sent over in the name of the Eight chosen men, to the Hon'"''' Directors of the General Incorporated West India Company, Chamber at Amsterdam, wherein they clandestinely and most scandalously accuse, injure, criminate and charge the late Director Kieft, then their lawful Governor and Chief, with divers criminal misdeeds as is and can still be more fully seen and read in the original and authentic copy thereof. We and Our Council having inquired and taken testimony as to the truth thereof, at the request of said Director Kieft, it is, accordingly, found that such libelous letter is in many parts, false, lying and defamatory, as appears and is proved by experience and by the evidence of others heard to the number of fifteen ; also, by the confession and answers of the co-signers ; Therefore, the Fiscal instituting criminal suit and process, accuses and convicts the aforesaid Jochem Pietersen of having offended against the Director's quality and falsely injured him in writing.

We and Our Council having inquired and taken testimony as to the truth thereof, at the request of said Director Kieft, it is, accordingly, found that such libelous letter is in many parts, false, lying and defamatory, as appears and is proved by experience and by the evidence of others heard to the number of fifteen ; also, by the confession and answers of the co-signers ; Therefore, the Fiscal instituting criminal suit and process, accuses and convicts the aforesaid Jochem Pietersen of having offended against the Director's quality and falsely injured him in writing. All which being fully examined, weighed and every thing being maturely observed and considered by the Hon Director General and Council, the aforesaid perpetrated offence is found to be of great and serious importance, and not to be tolerated or endured in a well ordered and governed Republic, it being a matter of very evil consequence. Therefore the Hon''''' Director General Petrus Sluyvesant, with the advice of his Hon"' Council, administering justice in the name of their High Mightinesses, the Lords Slates General, his Serene Highness, the Hon'''' Directors of the Incorporated West India Company, hath condemned, as he hereby doth condemn, the abovenamed Jochem Pietersen, to a banishment of three consecutive years, and to depart with the earliest opportunity, and in addition, to pay a fine of one hundred and fifty guilders, to be applied one-third for the Fisc, one-third for the Church, and one-third for the Poor. Dismissing the Fiscal's further demand. Thus done and enacted at the Court in fort Amsterdam, in New Netherland, the 25"' July, 1647. Agrees with the Book of Resolutions. (Signed) Cornelis van Tienhoven, Secretary. All the abovewritten Letters, Declarations, &c., are, after due, careful collation, found to agree with the Originals and principals. At the Hague, the 17"" February, 1650.

Therefore the Hon''''' Director General Petrus Sluyvesant, with the advice of his Hon"' Council, administering justice in the name of their High Mightinesses, the Lords Slates General, his Serene Highness, the Hon'''' Directors of the Incorporated West India Company, hath condemned, as he hereby doth condemn, the abovenamed Jochem Pietersen, to a banishment of three consecutive years, and to depart with the earliest opportunity, and in addition, to pay a fine of one hundred and fifty guilders, to be applied one-third for the Fisc, one-third for the Church, and one-third for the Poor. Dismissing the Fiscal's further demand. Thus done and enacted at the Court in fort Amsterdam, in New Netherland, the 25"' July, 1647. Agrees with the Book of Resolutions. (Signed) Cornelis van Tienhoven, Secretary. All the abovewritten Letters, Declarations, &c., are, after due, careful collation, found to agree with the Originals and principals. At the Hague, the 17"" February, 1650. To my knowledge, (Signed) M. Beeckman, Notary Public.

Resolutions of the States General on the opening of Trade in New Netherland. [ From the Ecgiater of West India Affairs, 1638--1651, in the Eoyal ArcliiTea al the Hague. ]

Saturday, IS"" January, 1648. Foiio324. rphe am last section of the Management of the Company which treats The seventh and New Netherland how to frequent it. ; Difference belw Qf ]\jg^ Netherlaud, is taken up, and resolved to open the trade to that quarter, the Chambers thereand to permit individuals to export thence in their own ships, their country

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS: IIL 215

Resolutions of the States General on the opening of Trade in New Netherland. [ From the Ecgiater of West India Affairs, 1638--1651, in the Eoyal ArcliiTea al the Hague. ]

Saturday, IS"" January, 1648. Foiio324. rphe am last section of the Management of the Company which treats The seventh and New Netherland how to frequent it. ; Difference belw Qf ]\jg^ Netherlaud, is taken up, and resolved to open the trade to that quarter, the Chambers thereand to permit individuals to export thence in their own ships, their country

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS: IIL 215

produce, and other supplies. But inasmuch as some discrepancy exists grain, flour, fish,

between the members, as to whether this exportation shall be granted alone to Brazil, or indeed to all of the Company's districts, except Guinea and St. Thomas, they are requested to consider the same until next Monday, and to come to a mutual understanding.

Monday, 20 January, 1648. Folio su. Again the seventh section of the Management is taken into consideration, and rcsoIvcd that private inhabitants of New Netherland shall be allowed to export*' t'ire?r'°co'un^ Iry zii produce to Braand Angola. it is ,. _ -

export their country produce under suitable duty, in their .,,,.,. own , i.. or chartered ships, to Brazil and Angola, on these following conditions: first, that the aforesaid ships, when in Brazil, shall not be at liberty to return back, with sugars to New Netherland aforesaid, but shall let themselves be chartered directly hither. Secondly, that the permit to proceed to Angola above mentioned, shall only be provisionally granted, and that for the time that the dispensation shall continue in regard to the exportation of Slaves, which was accorded on Thursday last. Thirdly, that those willing to go to Angola, shall, previous to their departure from New Netherland, take out commission and permit from here, and also give security, similar to all other persons trading from this country.

export their country produce under suitable duty, in their .,,,.,. own , i.. or chartered ships, to Brazil and Angola, on these following conditions: first, that the aforesaid ships, when in Brazil, shall not be at liberty to return back, with sugars to New Netherland aforesaid, but shall let themselves be chartered directly hither. Secondly, that the permit to proceed to Angola above mentioned, shall only be provisionally granted, and that for the time that the dispensation shall continue in regard to the exportation of Slaves, which was accorded on Thursday last. Thirdly, that those willing to go to Angola, shall, previous to their departure from New Netherland, take out commission and permit from here, and also give security, similar to all other persons trading from this country. Mr. Mortamer alone requested, that before the passing of this resolution, he may communicate its contents to his Chamber, and learn their opinion thereon.

Wednesday, 5 February, 1648. Folio 827. Mr. Mortamer being called on respecting the business of New Netherland, sp!ctin"''""™New hath declared, that he consents to the resolution adopted on the 20"" Netherland, ap- _ ,

proved by Zealand. January last.

Resolution of the States General on Complaints against Directors Kieft and St'uyvesant.

[ From the Eegister of West India Affairs, 1638--1651, in the Eoyal Archives at the Hague.]

Friday, ?" February, 1648.

Priva^°"c°orpiaint8 ^^^^ two petitions of Jochem "Pieters' C. Melyn, and Michiel Bucquet, ofNewNet^Miand! Complaining of the Directors Kieft and Stuyvesant, in New Netherland, which are referred to the Directors [of the West India Company,] to give information thereon.

proved by Zealand. January last.

Resolution of the States General on Complaints against Directors Kieft and St'uyvesant.

[ From the Eegister of West India Affairs, 1638--1651, in the Eoyal Archives at the Hague.]

Friday, ?" February, 1648.

Priva^°"c°orpiaint8 ^^^^ two petitions of Jochem "Pieters' C. Melyn, and Michiel Bucquet, ofNewNet^Miand! Complaining of the Directors Kieft and Stuyvesant, in New Netherland, which are referred to the Directors [of the West India Company,] to give information thereon.

jResolution of the States General on the opening of Trade in New Netherland. [ From the Eegister of West India Affairs, 1688-- 1661, in the Royal Archives at the Hague. ]

Monday, 10 February, 1648. The considerations of the Directors and principal partners of the Zealand Folio 836.

Chamber of the West India Company, being now submitted to their High Mightinesses,

216 NEW-YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTa pursuant to their High Mightinesses' order and letters dated xxx. March, 1647, on the subject of the redress, management and trade of the Directors, for the preservation and maintenance of the aforesaid Company. With a view to grant the said Company, with the newly conceded ciiarter, the following to be executed and maintained according to order. And first the most principal work, etc Folia 339. It should bc also understood, that individuals shall be at liberty to export to New Netheriand. Brazil, in their own ships, fish, flour and country produce, the growth of that country and no other, in the manner and form granted in the next preceding article, as stipulated of wines and oil, on such duty as is paid in the country to the Company on the exportation thereof, on condition that the ships from Brazil must not return to New Netheriand with any cargo, but come directly hither with their freight; all with this understanding, that rotation shall be observed among the respective Chambers in the fitting out for the places within the Company's charter: whereunto proper rules shall be also enacted here to the satisfaction of the members.

Brazil, in their own ships, fish, flour and country produce, the growth of that country and no other, in the manner and form granted in the next preceding article, as stipulated of wines and oil, on such duty as is paid in the country to the Company on the exportation thereof, on condition that the ships from Brazil must not return to New Netheriand with any cargo, but come directly hither with their freight; all with this understanding, that rotation shall be observed among the respective Chambers in the fitting out for the places within the Company's charter: whereunto proper rules shall be also enacted here to the satisfaction of the members.

Monday, 10 February, 164S. Kegniation reapect- ^^w Netheriand Can never be a source of profit for the Company, until the '" ^"'^ Kfiheriand' population from our country be encouraged more than it has hitherto been, which can be effected by allowing them, in addition to their present privilege, to export their fish, flourand produce, the growth of that couutry and no other, to Brazil, in private or the Company's ships, under the supervision of a commissary, to be placed by the Company on board the ships, on the usual Brazilian duty payable at the Reciff to those of the Company who are to be ordered to allow the said goods to be disposed of there, and in return to export, at certain duty, from Brazil to New Netheriand and not elsewhere, as much merchandise, such as Slaves, by direction of the government, so that the sugar trade may not, by that means, be diverted, it being well understood that in loading and unloading, they shall be bound to bring the goods to the Company's store.

Kegniation reapect- ^^w Netheriand Can never be a source of profit for the Company, until the '" ^"'^ Kfiheriand' population from our country be encouraged more than it has hitherto been, which can be effected by allowing them, in addition to their present privilege, to export their fish, flourand produce, the growth of that couutry and no other, to Brazil, in private or the Company's ships, under the supervision of a commissary, to be placed by the Company on board the ships, on the usual Brazilian duty payable at the Reciff to those of the Company who are to be ordered to allow the said goods to be disposed of there, and in return to export, at certain duty, from Brazil to New Netheriand and not elsewhere, as much merchandise, such as Slaves, by direction of the government, so that the sugar trade may not, by that means, be diverted, it being well understood that in loading and unloading, they shall be bound to bring the goods to the Company's store.

Report on the Affairs of the West India Company.

[ From Ihe Register of West India Affairs, 1633--1651, in the Royal Archives at the Hague. ]

Summary Report of what has been done for the improvement of the declining affairs of the West India Company in January 1648.

Folio 815. Messrs. van der Capellen tho Ryssel, Beveren, Bruininx, Vett, van der Hoolck, d'r?.s"of"''the''Ve!i Audree, appointed in the place of Mr. Houbois, van der Eyben, ompany. Coui missiouers on the Redress of the declining affairs of the West India Company, have reported in virtue of, and pursuant to your High Mightinesses' resolution of the SS* March 1647, adopted before granting the Charter of the West India Company, and made on your High Mightinesses' letters to the respective Chambers dated W December 1647, to send their respective deputies to the Hague by the 7"" January, in order to make a beginning of the aforesaid Redress ;

Coui missiouers on the Redress of the declining affairs of the West India Company, have reported in virtue of, and pursuant to your High Mightinesses' resolution of the SS* March 1647, adopted before granting the Charter of the West India Company, and made on your High Mightinesses' letters to the respective Chambers dated W December 1647, to send their respective deputies to the Hague by the 7"" January, in order to make a beginning of the aforesaid Redress ;

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS : III. 217 commenced the conference on the of January with the Directors, and demanded of their 9"^

deputies the condition of the Company, as well in receipts as disbursements, with their respective opinions upon the reparation of the decline experienced therein and thereupon the five ;

Chambers of Amsterdam, Zealand, Maaze, North Quarter and Groeningen delivered in their respective opinions, but they said that the pertinent statement of the receipts and expenditure of the Company, both domestic and foreign, was not ready. And thereupon we requested the deputed Accountants Bloemert and Altingh to make up the Company's aforesaid statement, and, meanwhile, the said opinions of the respective Chambers were read. On the 4"" February the Accountant Altingh delivered in a statement of the Company's expenditures and income in Brazil from January 1647 to January 1648, from which it appears that the Company's expenses for that year were Eleven to Twelve Tons of Gold,^ and the income, on the other hand, from an uncertain source is provisionally estimated at four tons of Gold N" 1 ; from which the total ruin and decline of the Company is to be expected, if prompt provision be not immediately made against it. And whereas the present statement was made up at the time of the Portuguese rebellion in Brazil, in the lowest condition of that conquest, your High Mightinesses' Commissioners also requested of the Accountants the statement of the Company's receipts and expenditure in Brazil, previous to the rebellion, in order to ascertain whether, in case of the re-establishment of Brazil, means are to be found for the support of the Military, which are needed for the preservation of that conquest, and the annexed statement No. 2, was delivered in by the Accountants.

And whereas the present statement was made up at the time of the Portuguese rebellion in Brazil, in the lowest condition of that conquest, your High Mightinesses' Commissioners also requested of the Accountants the statement of the Company's receipts and expenditure in Brazil, previous to the rebellion, in order to ascertain whether, in case of the re-establishment of Brazil, means are to be found for the support of the Military, which are needed for the preservation of that conquest, and the annexed statement No. 2, was delivered in by the Accountants. It appears therefrom, that the public expenses for the re-establishment of Brazil were not incurred in vain ; especially as that statement does not include considerable returns yet to arrive from Angola, Guinea, and St. Thomas, if these coasts are properly traded. Besides that, the Provinces have no better guarantee for the maintenance of peace with the King of Spain, than in the preservatipn of the conquests in Brazil because, from that point can ;

be invaded and ravaged the King of Spain's possessions in the West Indies and South Sea, from whence he yearly derives his greatest supplies of Gold and Silver; so that he could not have sufficient power to molest or endanger these United Provinces with a numerous army. Your High Mightinesses' Commissioners have held divers Conferences on the subject of the redress of the decline and the arrest of the farther decay, and thereunto examined the management of the Company in the matter of 1« Trade. 2""* Retrenchment. S'^ Support, or regular finance of receipts and expenses for subsistence. 4"' Government, foreign and domestic, for the establishment of a good police, and a regular force by land and water. And, hereupon, were divers good opinions brought in, as is to be seen from the report (No. 3) of the business transacted thereupon, from the 9 January to the ll"" February; the opinions of the five Chambers of Amsterdam, Zealand, Maaze, North Quarter and Groningen No. 4 :with, likewise, the general report ( No. 5 ) drawn up from the aforesaid opinions of the five Chambers, and of the delegates from Holland, with the considerations of the actual

And, hereupon, were divers good opinions brought in, as is to be seen from the report (No. 3) of the business transacted thereupon, from the 9 January to the ll"" February; the opinions of the five Chambers of Amsterdam, Zealand, Maaze, North Quarter and Groningen No. 4 :with, likewise, the general report ( No. 5 ) drawn up from the aforesaid opinions of the five Chambers, and of the delegates from Holland, with the considerations of the actual

' A ton of gold is equal to one hundred thousand guilders ( $40,000 ) -- Sewall. Vol. L 28

218 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS.

deputed Directors (No. 6) entered in the margin thereof, and the opinion of the Company's Chamber of Accounts, No. 7. But inasmuch as the execution of the orders in said relation contained, requires length or lapse of time, your High Mightinesses' Commissioners therefore would submit whether some prompt means ought not to be provided, in consequence of this unfavorable condition of

Brazil, to prevent the further unnecessary and unprofitable decline of the Company. And in order that the Military, which have now been sent out at great public expense for therecovery of Brazil, may have the means of maintaining their lives, and thus be the more encouraged and strengthened, in order, with the help of God the Lord, bravely to execute, with the old soldiery, what they are sent out for. And your High Mightinesses' Commissioners hereunto would propose, as prompt means: -- 1° A reduction of expenses both at home and abroad, and with this view, the stoppage and cessation of the yearly allowance of Eighty-eight Directors and their attendants (suppoosteii), which amounts to about one hundred and fifty thousand guilders, according to the return of the Accountants General, No. 8. And in order that the Company may not remain, in the meanwhile, without a government, the places of the Accountants ought to be increased (suppleren) to six in number, agreeably to the plan.

And your High Mightinesses' Commissioners hereunto would propose, as prompt means: -- 1° A reduction of expenses both at home and abroad, and with this view, the stoppage and cessation of the yearly allowance of Eighty-eight Directors and their attendants (suppoosteii), which amounts to about one hundred and fifty thousand guilders, according to the return of the Accountants General, No. 8. And in order that the Company may not remain, in the meanwhile, without a government, the places of the Accountants ought to be increased (suppleren) to six in number, agreeably to the plan. No. 9, of an honorable Patriot who has long served the Company as Director and is well acquainted with its condition. And to carry out the said plan it will be necessary to depute, in place of twelve, nineteen Directors, to whom, with the six accountants, the management should be provisionally committed for a year or two, with such instruction as will be found necessary for the redress and removal of abuses and the maintenance of order. And hereunto might be appointed, from the Amsterdam Chamber, six Directors, including two from the outside chambers. From the Zealand Chamber, four Directors; three from that of Maaze; three from the North quarter, and three from Groeningen. The Amsterdam Chamber ought to have the Advocate with two clerks, one porter and two messengers. Each of the other Chambers might have one clerk, acting also as Book-keeper, one porter and one messenger, the expense of which would amount yearly, according to the rate of pay now given, as by the specification. No. 8, is to be seen. Tiiese six Accountants and nineteen Directors should have the management and control in matters of trade, finance, returns, munitions of war and stores, and be bound to render etc.,

The Amsterdam Chamber ought to have the Advocate with two clerks, one porter and two messengers. Each of the other Chambers might have one clerk, acting also as Book-keeper, one porter and one messenger, the expense of which would amount yearly, according to the rate of pay now given, as by the specification. No. 8, is to be seen. Tiiese six Accountants and nineteen Directors should have the management and control in matters of trade, finance, returns, munitions of war and stores, and be bound to render etc.,

an account always to your High Mightinesses, or the Commissioner whom your High Mightinesses, from time to time, may nominate thereunto, of their Administration as well as of what may be further commanded them. Of the lesser number of Nineteen Directors, six ought to reside at the Hague for the space of three months, and then six others, which Directors shall have to communicate and deliberate with your High Mightinesses' Commissioners upon all that is resolved to repair the Company's decay, so that by the continual suggestions of the six Directors, the power of the country may be used in execution of all that is concluded for the Company's advantage. But if the continued residence of the Directors should not be found necessary, they could be notified thereof.

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS: III. 219 And when deliberating on future important affiiirs, the aforesaid nineteen Directors could be Bummoned to the Hague, in order provisionally for one, two or three years to do the business which the Assembly of the Nineteen is wont to transact. The reduction of the Company's foreign expenses in Brazil and other countries, could be effected according as your High Mightinesses shall resolve upon the preceding advice of these Accountants and Directors, and hereunto appertains the plan, No. 10, laid by the Chamber of Accounts in June, 1G4-5, before the Assembly of the Nineteen at Amsterdam.

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS: III. 219 And when deliberating on future important affiiirs, the aforesaid nineteen Directors could be Bummoned to the Hague, in order provisionally for one, two or three years to do the business which the Assembly of the Nineteen is wont to transact. The reduction of the Company's foreign expenses in Brazil and other countries, could be effected according as your High Mightinesses shall resolve upon the preceding advice of these Accountants and Directors, and hereunto appertains the plan, No. 10, laid by the Chamber of Accounts in June, 1G4-5, before the Assembly of the Nineteen at Amsterdam. It appears, therefrom, that the Company at home and abroad might save yearly Ten tons of Gold. And in the matter of the reduction of unnecessary foreign expenses, the plan is important which Director Morthamer submitted at the request of your High Mightinesses' Commissioners, whereby the Company could effect a yearly saving of ninety-nine thousand guilders by the discharge of useless servants in Brazil. The best and greatest oeconomy consists in rendering the Company's servants, high and low, accountable for their respective offices, so that they shall be bound to vindicate the same, and to send over to the Chamber of Accounts their written return within one month after the expiration of the year, to be examined, balanced and corrected, according to their respective commissions, for the settlement of the same ; which, up to the present time, has not been done either at home or abroad according to order. Thereby has the Company got into this desolate condition. 2° The second means is, that the Chambers be disposed to forthwith undertake their eighteen turns a year, according to the regulation of the 29"" April, 1G38, lying in your High Mightinesses' office, and send to Brazil the ships thereunto required ; and this in conformity to the agreement entered into between the Chambers, at the Hague, on the sixth July, 1647.

The best and greatest oeconomy consists in rendering the Company's servants, high and low, accountable for their respective offices, so that they shall be bound to vindicate the same, and to send over to the Chamber of Accounts their written return within one month after the expiration of the year, to be examined, balanced and corrected, according to their respective commissions, for the settlement of the same ; which, up to the present time, has not been done either at home or abroad according to order. Thereby has the Company got into this desolate condition. 2° The second means is, that the Chambers be disposed to forthwith undertake their eighteen turns a year, according to the regulation of the 29"" April, 1G38, lying in your High Mightinesses' office, and send to Brazil the ships thereunto required ; and this in conformity to the agreement entered into between the Chambers, at the Hague, on the sixth July, 1647. And the better to attract provisions and other necessaries to Brazil, the freights ought to be reduced one-third for the first two months, and afterwards one-fourth for the two succeeding months. The duties on the goods might be left provisionally, at their present rates. It is necessary that there be added to the turns in rotation, two Galiots at Land's end, to

convey hither the advices respecting, and from, Brazil during the employment of the Military for the recovery of that place. 3. The third means is, that an effort be made to promote trade to the Caribbean islands, according to the regulation concluded thereupon, and as it is hoped three or four tons of gold will be yearly realized from such trade, that the proceeds be applied to the interest of the principal and obligations which have been raised in ready money for the Company.

convey hither the advices respecting, and from, Brazil during the employment of the Military for the recovery of that place. 3. The third means is, that an effort be made to promote trade to the Caribbean islands, according to the regulation concluded thereupon, and as it is hoped three or four tons of gold will be yearly realized from such trade, that the proceeds be applied to the interest of the principal and obligations which have been raised in ready money for the Company. In this way new credit is established for the Company, and in consideration payment of the of interest, no pledges of wares, salaries, &c., of whatever description will follow. The Accountant ought to make distinct lists of all those obligations. 4. The fourth means: It will contribute essentially to the support of the Company to create a commercial stock, in conformity with your High Mightinesses' resolution of the 27"" February 1637; whereunto the partners ought to be invited to subscribe the sum of Ten hundred thousand guilders, for the purpose of trading to the coast of Guinea, St. Thomas, and the north coast of Africa, both in consideration of the return which, through God's blessing, is to be expected, whenever [means] are employed according to the annexed plan of the Directors No. 12, and in regard of the great assistance afforded by your High Mightinesses for the restoration of Brazil.

220 NEW-YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. The trade and commerce to Angola is with the special permission of the Chambers, laid open pursuant to a certain regulation, for two years. From this source a good return may also be expected for the support of the Company. The trade to New Netherland is in like manner opened, in order that the grain and produce of that country may be exported to other places ; the regulation whereof, as well as of the trade to Angola, is contained in the general advice of the respective Chambers under No. 4. 5.

The trade and commerce to Angola is with the special permission of the Chambers, laid open pursuant to a certain regulation, for two years. From this source a good return may also be expected for the support of the Company. The trade to New Netherland is in like manner opened, in order that the grain and produce of that country may be exported to other places ; the regulation whereof, as well as of the trade to Angola, is contained in the general advice of the respective Chambers under No. 4. 5. The fifth means is : Assisting the Company in supporting the expenses of the war in Brazil for one, For this purpose, it would be expedient to invite the Provinces two, or three years. to aid the Company in this difficulty anddilemma, and for that purpose to cause, through the Council of State, the Military to be paid from the subsidies which your High Mightinesses promised the Company to defray the heavy war expenses both by land and water; and which are still in arrears, according to the statement (No. 13) delivered in by the Accountants, to the amount of seventy-four tons of gold, and fifty-one thousand six hundred and fifty-nine guilders ;

on which promise, the capital was increased by the stockholders. And this will not fall so heavily on the Provinces as did the million of money which was paid in various years for the execution of the designs of the army. And the aforesaid subsidies would tend to the recovery and preservation of a mighty Kingdom, to the security of this state against all hostile machinations, and to the enlarging of a wished for trade in sugars, Brazil wood and other costly wares. Which Military could afterwards, when Brazil, through the blessing of God the Lord, shall be reduced, be paid out of the tenths and the proceeds from the farming of the revenues accruing in Brazil, as is to be seen by the balance sheet of the Brazil receipts and expenses for the year 1643, No. 2, previously mentioned.

And the aforesaid subsidies would tend to the recovery and preservation of a mighty Kingdom, to the security of this state against all hostile machinations, and to the enlarging of a wished for trade in sugars, Brazil wood and other costly wares. Which Military could afterwards, when Brazil, through the blessing of God the Lord, shall be reduced, be paid out of the tenths and the proceeds from the farming of the revenues accruing in Brazil, as is to be seen by the balance sheet of the Brazil receipts and expenses for the year 1643, No. 2, previously mentioned. From which balance sheet it is to be seen that the revenue of Brazil was eight tons of gold and sixty thousand guilders, more than the expenses of that year. 6. The sixth means is : The collection which the Directors have to make from time to time, of the Company's old outstanding debts in Brazil; these, by rough computation of the Chambers, should amount to between sixty and seventy tons of gold and by the extract of ;

Pieter van der Hagen, late councillor in Brazil, were estimated at seventy-nine tons of gold (No. 14). The Accountants can inquire into, and make pertinent report hereupon, according to the evidence of those who are acquainted therewith, so that such collection may be made from time to time, when Brazil is restored, and further abuses therein be prevented at the right time. The required indemnity for damages committed in Brazil by the Portuguese and Rebel inhabitants in sugars, houses, mills, gold, silver, cattle, etc., since the year 1645, estimated by the Directors in the conference with the Ambassador of Portugal, at over one hundred tons of gold, will also help, in its time, as far as its amount goes, to the diminution of the Company's burdens.

The Accountants can inquire into, and make pertinent report hereupon, according to the evidence of those who are acquainted therewith, so that such collection may be made from time to time, when Brazil is restored, and further abuses therein be prevented at the right time. The required indemnity for damages committed in Brazil by the Portuguese and Rebel inhabitants in sugars, houses, mills, gold, silver, cattle, etc., since the year 1645, estimated by the Directors in the conference with the Ambassador of Portugal, at over one hundred tons of gold, will also help, in its time, as far as its amount goes, to the diminution of the Company's burdens. And the undertaken recovery of Brazil being successful, a portion of the Company's old debt could be paid from this income. But in order to maintain the Company's credit by some provisional payment of the more urgent debts, those of the Provinces might demand five tons of gold in diminution of the arrears of the aforesaid promised subsidy, mentioned. No. 13. And from the stockholders might, also, be demanded a like five tons of gold ; which aforesaid five tons of gold, with the ten before mentioned for the trade, might be raised by an installment

from the stockholders of nine per cent.

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS : III. 221

7. The seventh means is: The prosecution of the Salt trade at Punto del Rey, which might by inductive means, be facilitated by the Spanish plenipotentiaries before the ratification, by our plenipotentiaries, of the Treaty of Peace at Munster ; the rather, as the inhabitants of Spain do not draw any salt from Punto del Rey. It is necessary that the cultivation of wheat and other produce be promoted for the support of the inhabitants and soldiers of Brazil, as soon as any provinces shall be reduced ; and it will be expedient that the Supreme Council be written to immediately on the subject, so as to advance, as much as possible, the cultivation of the soil, according to the previous resolution of the XIX.

The seventh means is: The prosecution of the Salt trade at Punto del Rey, which might by inductive means, be facilitated by the Spanish plenipotentiaries before the ratification, by our plenipotentiaries, of the Treaty of Peace at Munster ; the rather, as the inhabitants of Spain do not draw any salt from Punto del Rey. It is necessary that the cultivation of wheat and other produce be promoted for the support of the inhabitants and soldiers of Brazil, as soon as any provinces shall be reduced ; and it will be expedient that the Supreme Council be written to immediately on the subject, so as to advance, as much as possible, the cultivation of the soil, according to the previous resolution of the XIX. In like manner, the Directors ought now and again pay attention that agriculture and population be, from time to time, encouraged in New Netherland as well as in Brazil; pursuant to the resolution of the Assembly of the XIX., as the same will tend to the public advantage, and special prevention of the decay of the Company, and relieve the latter from sending over provisions. The Commissioners, with this report, deliver the papers therein mentioned, with the commissions from the respective Chambers, to the deputed Directors with whom they have acted, as is to be seen by the annexed register.

Eesoiutiod of states General on Ihe pre- Whlch being° taken into consideration, their High o Mightinesses o have thanked ceding Keporu the above mentioned, their Commissioners, for and on account of the trouble taken in the aforesaid business, and the Deputies of the respective Provinces have requested copy of the foregoing Report and papers thereunto appertaining, which is hereby accorded ;

The Commissioners, with this report, deliver the papers therein mentioned, with the commissions from the respective Chambers, to the deputed Directors with whom they have acted, as is to be seen by the annexed register.

Eesoiutiod of states General on Ihe pre- Whlch being° taken into consideration, their High o Mightinesses o have thanked ceding Keporu the above mentioned, their Commissioners, for and on account of the trouble taken in the aforesaid business, and the Deputies of the respective Provinces have requested copy of the foregoing Report and papers thereunto appertaining, which is hereby accorded ;

and unanimously recommended in an especial manner, that they take the trouble to it is

exert themselves and use all their influence, either verbally, or in writing, with the Lords their respective principals, in order most speedily to effect the same and to receive favorable provincial opinions from their respective principals.

Inventory of the Papers delivered in with the Report on the redress of the West India Company. ( Thus * marked, have not been copied.) N' 1.* Balance sheet for Brazil, from the year 1647, to the year 1648. N" 2.* Statement of the year 1643, in Brazil. N° 3.* Report of the business from the 9"" January, to the 11"" February. N" 4.* Opinion of five Chambers, to wit, Amsterdam, N° 1 ; Zealand, 2 ; the Maaze, 3 ; North Quarter, 4; Groningen, 5. N° 5. General Report drawn up from the aforesaid opinions of the five Chambers. N" 6. Advice of the Lords of Holland, with remarks of the respective Chambers in the margin. N" 7. Advice of the Company's Chamber of Accounts, N" 8.* Statement of the Chamber of Accounts, respecting the salaries of Directors and their attendants. N" 9.* Plan of an honorable Patriot on the reduction of the Directors.

N" 4.* Opinion of five Chambers, to wit, Amsterdam, N° 1 ; Zealand, 2 ; the Maaze, 3 ; North Quarter, 4; Groningen, 5. N° 5. General Report drawn up from the aforesaid opinions of the five Chambers. N" 6. Advice of the Lords of Holland, with remarks of the respective Chambers in the margin. N" 7. Advice of the Company's Chamber of Accounts, N" 8.* Statement of the Chamber of Accounts, respecting the salaries of Directors and their attendants. N" 9.* Plan of an honorable Patriot on the reduction of the Directors. N" 10.* Plan of the Chamber of Accounts for the saving of ten tons of gold ; rendered in June, 1645. N° 11.* Plan of Director Morthamer, for saving ninety-nine thousand guilders, in unnecessary services in Brazil. N" 12.* Plan of the Directors for the trade to Guinea, St. Thomas and the North coast of Africa. N° 13.* Statement of the Arrears of the subsidies amounting to seventy-four tons of gold and fifty-one thousand, six hundred and fifty-nine guilders.

222 NEW-YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. N° 14.* Extract of Pieter van der Hagen's account of debts due the Company, to the amount of seventy-nine tons of gold. N° 15.* Commissions of the respective Chambers for the business respecting the redress of the West India Company.

(No. 5.) Memoir to serve for a general Report of the Directors deputed by the respective Chambers of the West India Company, in the matter of Superintendence, Retrenchment, Reform and Support of said Company, compiled from the special opinions rendered by said Chambers, and some resolutions adopted since the delivery of the same.

N° 14.* Extract of Pieter van der Hagen's account of debts due the Company, to the amount of seventy-nine tons of gold. N° 15.* Commissions of the respective Chambers for the business respecting the redress of the West India Company.

(No. 5.) Memoir to serve for a general Report of the Directors deputed by the respective Chambers of the West India Company, in the matter of Superintendence, Retrenchment, Reform and Support of said Company, compiled from the special opinions rendered by said Chambers, and some resolutions adopted since the delivery of the same.

Folio 863. The business transacted and returned by the aforesaid respective Chambers, General Report. jg founded On a Certain letter of the High and Mighty Lords States General, dated S"* March, 1847, and referring, according to the tenor thereof, to three points especially: superintendency, First poiut. Of superiutcndance ; second point. Of retrenchment and reform; ccoDomy and re- , . , . ^^ tmm. third point, Oi support.

First point --Of Superintendenck. What relates to superintendence. It was heretofore considered, that it had reference particularly and exclusively to the the trade and commerce prosecuted by the Company, or by individuals with the Company's permission, within the limits and districts of the charter, whence have arisen a great many disputes up to this time among the Chambers but such ;

order has at present been provisionally made therein, as can be deduced from the following. The principal place of trade is Brazil, respecting which, the deputed Directors resolved on the G"* July, 1647, that said coast shall continue to be frequented and traded to, in the manner and order heretofore in force, to witthat the trade shall be free and open to all, on condition, :

It was heretofore considered, that it had reference particularly and exclusively to the the trade and commerce prosecuted by the Company, or by individuals with the Company's permission, within the limits and districts of the charter, whence have arisen a great many disputes up to this time among the Chambers but such ;

order has at present been provisionally made therein, as can be deduced from the following. The principal place of trade is Brazil, respecting which, the deputed Directors resolved on the G"* July, 1647, that said coast shall continue to be frequented and traded to, in the manner and order heretofore in force, to witthat the trade shall be free and open to all, on condition, :

however, that all wares and merchandises shall have to be brought into the Company's stores, and exported in ships owned or chartered by the Company, subject to the duties and freights thereon, all by the respective Chambers in rotation ; it is, however, to be here observed, that the Chamber of Westfriesland and North Quarter submitted divers sound considerations on this point, which can be further examined at a proper time, and also be taken up and put into practice according to circumstances.

Order and Regulation of the General Incorporated West India Company, made at the Assembly of the XIX., with the approbation of the High and Mighty Lords States General of the United Netherlands, by and pursuant to which each and every of the inhabitants of the United Provinces shall be at liberty to trade to certain parts hereinafter mentioned, within the limits of the above named Company's charter, whether to attack or injure the enemy, or to export salt, timber, tobacco, cotton, &c., as well as other wares or merchandises, the growth thereof.

Order and Regulation of the General Incorporated West India Company, made at the Assembly of the XIX., with the approbation of the High and Mighty Lords States General of the United Netherlands, by and pursuant to which each and every of the inhabitants of the United Provinces shall be at liberty to trade to certain parts hereinafter mentioned, within the limits of the above named Company's charter, whether to attack or injure the enemy, or to export salt, timber, tobacco, cotton, &c., as well as other wares or merchandises, the growth thereof.

1.

folio 866. First, we hereby declare that we annul and quash all former orders and wlJt inTa compa- rcgulatious, by and pursuant to which all ships in the respective provinces, ^"'"^ of the trade. whether armed or unarmed, offensive or defensive, or engaged in private trade,

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS: III. 223

carrying timber, salt, tobacco, cotton or other fruits and wares, the growth thereof, were empowered to resort to certain parts within the charter of the West India Company, howsoever, and at whatever time they might have been enacted, published and executed and do enact, ;

decree and ordain anew, that the ships of the aforesaid inhabitants shall be at liberty henceforth to sail in the West Indies, to wit, from the River Oronoco, westward along the coast of Paria, Cumana, Venezuela, Carthagena, Porto Bello, Honduras, Campeachy, the Gulf of Mexico and the coast of Florida also, between and around all the Islands situate within the ;

said district, even to Curasao, Buenaire and Aruba, without being at liberty to go further eastward on the Wild Coast, much less to the Amasons or Maraigum, nor more northerly than Cape Florida, nor for any cause or in any wise, to be at liberty to resort to the Virginias»

decree and ordain anew, that the ships of the aforesaid inhabitants shall be at liberty henceforth to sail in the West Indies, to wit, from the River Oronoco, westward along the coast of Paria, Cumana, Venezuela, Carthagena, Porto Bello, Honduras, Campeachy, the Gulf of Mexico and the coast of Florida also, between and around all the Islands situate within the ;

said district, even to Curasao, Buenaire and Aruba, without being at liberty to go further eastward on the Wild Coast, much less to the Amasons or Maraigum, nor more northerly than Cape Florida, nor for any cause or in any wise, to be at liberty to resort to the Virginias»

New Netherland, New France, and other places lying thereabout, or to be able to go to or on the coasts of Africa, Brazil or elsewhere, wheresoever it may be, where the Company trades, under a penalty, for whomsoever shall infringe or act contrary to the same, of forfeiting ship and goods, which everywhere, even without previous prosecution, shall be seized and held as forfeit for the Company's behoof; and in case such ships or goods be sold, or run into other

countries or harbors, the skippers, owners or charter-party, shall have execution issue against them for the value of said ships and goods, according to the first article of the charter.

2.

The ships which will repair to the before mentioned permitted parts within the charter, must be provided with clearance and authority from the General Incorporated West India Company, at the Assembly of the XIX, which shall be issued to the skippers, owners or charter-party, in the Chamber from which they shall conclude to send out their respective ships, under the penalty that those who let their ship or ships sail without the aforesaid clearance and authority, shall fall within the meaning of the first article of the charter granted to the West India Company, and be accordingly forthwith treated as contraveners; and, also, before obtaining such permit, a pertinent return must be made of the name of the captain or skipper, also the name and tonnage of the ships, with their guns and men and as it is not intended to license ;

The ships which will repair to the before mentioned permitted parts within the charter, must be provided with clearance and authority from the General Incorporated West India Company, at the Assembly of the XIX, which shall be issued to the skippers, owners or charter-party, in the Chamber from which they shall conclude to send out their respective ships, under the penalty that those who let their ship or ships sail without the aforesaid clearance and authority, shall fall within the meaning of the first article of the charter granted to the West India Company, and be accordingly forthwith treated as contraveners; and, also, before obtaining such permit, a pertinent return must be made of the name of the captain or skipper, also the name and tonnage of the ships, with their guns and men and as it is not intended to license ;

the ship or ships, returned in rnanner as aforesaid, merely to trade in or carry timber, salt,

tobacco or cotton, and all other wares and merchandises, the growth of the aforesaid limits, but it is, also, designed to commit offensively and defensively, every hostility and damage on the King of Castile's subjects, they shall be also obliged to take with them a commission from his Highness the Lord Prince of Orange, as Captain Admiral General together with the permit of the General Incorporated West India Company, and for further security of their precise observance of the tenor of the obtained commission and of this regulation, they shall be bound, in addition to the obligation stated in the preceding article, to enter sufficient bail at the Chamber where they will receive the permit in the prescribed form, on pain, if found neglecting so to do, of being debarred from all license, in the same manner as if none had ever been granted them, and of being subject to the fine and forfeit hereinbefore mentioned.

tobacco or cotton, and all other wares and merchandises, the growth of the aforesaid limits, but it is, also, designed to commit offensively and defensively, every hostility and damage on the King of Castile's subjects, they shall be also obliged to take with them a commission from his Highness the Lord Prince of Orange, as Captain Admiral General together with the permit of the General Incorporated West India Company, and for further security of their precise observance of the tenor of the obtained commission and of this regulation, they shall be bound, in addition to the obligation stated in the preceding article, to enter sufficient bail at the Chamber where they will receive the permit in the prescribed form, on pain, if found neglecting so to do, of being debarred from all license, in the same manner as if none had ever been granted them, and of being subject to the fine and forfeit hereinbefore mentioned.

3.

And the aforesaid ships shall be bound to take on board one Supercargo to whom, pursuant XIX. adopted the 4 October 1643, to the resolution of the shall be given instruction and commission at the Chamber where the aforesaid ships who shall have his berth and table in the cabin, at the expense of the ship and her owners, his monthly wages being

224 NEW-YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. paid by the Company, and the aforesaid Supercargo shall be treated with due respect and propriety as well by the skippers as their officers and crew; and if any ill treat him in any wise either by word or deed, the skippers and their officers promise to be aiding unto him for his protection. 4.

And the aforesaid ships shall be bound to take on board one Supercargo to whom, pursuant XIX. adopted the 4 October 1643, to the resolution of the shall be given instruction and commission at the Chamber where the aforesaid ships who shall have his berth and table in the cabin, at the expense of the ship and her owners, his monthly wages being

224 NEW-YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. paid by the Company, and the aforesaid Supercargo shall be treated with due respect and propriety as well by the skippers as their officers and crew; and if any ill treat him in any wise either by word or deed, the skippers and their officers promise to be aiding unto him for his protection. 4.

The skippers being desirous to take with them, in the outward voyage, any goods, wares or merchandise in the aforesaid ships, whether as their own freight, or on commission, shall make true entry thereof to the Company by notice under their hand, and afterwards break bulk in their stores, that such goods may be inspected and marked with the Company's mark, and pay therefor the amount of the public convoy according to the list, before they can take such goods on ship board. 5.

The aforesaid ships, on perceiving or meeting any vessels belonging to the King of Castile's subjects and adherents, may attack and master them either offensively or defensively, but shall not be at liberty to attack or injure any of the Allies, or Inhabitants of the United Provinces they shall be obliged to observe strictly their aforesaid Commissions from the Lord ;

The skippers being desirous to take with them, in the outward voyage, any goods, wares or merchandise in the aforesaid ships, whether as their own freight, or on commission, shall make true entry thereof to the Company by notice under their hand, and afterwards break bulk in their stores, that such goods may be inspected and marked with the Company's mark, and pay therefor the amount of the public convoy according to the list, before they can take such goods on ship board. 5.

The aforesaid ships, on perceiving or meeting any vessels belonging to the King of Castile's subjects and adherents, may attack and master them either offensively or defensively, but shall not be at liberty to attack or injure any of the Allies, or Inhabitants of the United Provinces they shall be obliged to observe strictly their aforesaid Commissions from the Lord ;

Prince of Orange, as they are especially bound, in the aforesaid bailbonds to do.

6.

They shall be also bound to strike on meeting with the West India Company's ships, and to exliibit their permit, authority, and commission, and as long as they remain with the latter

they must submit to the flag, without setting up any claim to either part or portion of the

prizes which may be captured in their presence, unless they be, by the Admiral General or Commander of the said Company's ships, expressly requested to assist, in which case the prizes which shall have been captured by the Company's ships and them conjointly, shall be equally divided according to the ship's equipment, guns and force, and from their portion shall moreover be paid the Company's share, according to the rate of profit they shall happen to derive from such prizes, as hereinafter according to Articles ten and twelve.

prizes which may be captured in their presence, unless they be, by the Admiral General or Commander of the said Company's ships, expressly requested to assist, in which case the prizes which shall have been captured by the Company's ships and them conjointly, shall be equally divided according to the ship's equipment, guns and force, and from their portion shall moreover be paid the Company's share, according to the rate of profit they shall happen to derive from such prizes, as hereinafter according to Articles ten and twelve.

And in case any of the Company's ships propose to make an attack on any of the enemy's places or ships, and find some privateers also desirous to make the attempt, the said privateers must desist and permit the Company's ships to proceed uninterrupted with their expedition ;

or if acting contrary, shall be subject to a forfeit of ship and goods, to be confiscated for the Company's benefit. 8.

Item ; the aforesaid ships will be at liberty to sell and dispose, within the before described limits of the charter, the goods,wares and merchandise they take with them, and in return to buy, obtain and take in others such as Timber, Salt, Tobacco, Cotton, Hides etc., the produce of those parts, either on their own account, or as freight or on commission, and bring them over here in their ships. 9.

Further, the skippers, or in their stead the owners and freighters, shall be bound, at the time of the return of the ships, before they break bulk, to address the Directors at the Chamber or place from which they sailed, and by manifest under their signature must correctly return

Item ; the aforesaid ships will be at liberty to sell and dispose, within the before described limits of the charter, the goods,wares and merchandise they take with them, and in return to buy, obtain and take in others such as Timber, Salt, Tobacco, Cotton, Hides etc., the produce of those parts, either on their own account, or as freight or on commission, and bring them over here in their ships. 9.

Further, the skippers, or in their stead the owners and freighters, shall be bound, at the time of the return of the ships, before they break bulk, to address the Directors at the Chamber or place from which they sailed, and by manifest under their signature must correctly return

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS : III. 225 the quantity or quality of the prizes or goods, wares and merchandises which they will have taken, traded, or received on charter during the voyage, and then with the consent of said Directors discharge the aforesaid goods and bring them into the Company's stores to be inspected, computed and weighed, and shall not be at liberty to remove them thence before the duties and other the Company's dues shall be satisfied in kind or money, at the choice of the Company, on pain, if failing herein, to be treated according to the tenor of the first article.

10,

From all prizes they will have captured from the enemy. South or North of the Tropic of Cancer, either in their voyage out or home, which shall be declared good prizes by the Court of Admiralty, and that as well in ships, cannon, as in goods, without any exception, they shall pay, as a recognition, to the Company, in addition to his Highness' right, twenty per cent, besides all rights to which the same shall be bound and rated as Company's prizes, and that from the nett proceeds to be realized by sale, without deducting any expenses of equipment or otherwise ; and the sale of the captured property, munitions of war, with their appurtenances, as well as of the cargo, must be effected at the privateer's expense.

South or North of the Tropic of Cancer, either in their voyage out or home, which shall be declared good prizes by the Court of Admiralty, and that as well in ships, cannon, as in goods, without any exception, they shall pay, as a recognition, to the Company, in addition to his Highness' right, twenty per cent, besides all rights to which the same shall be bound and rated as Company's prizes, and that from the nett proceeds to be realized by sale, without deducting any expenses of equipment or otherwise ; and the sale of the captured property, munitions of war, with their appurtenances, as well as of the cargo, must be effected at the privateer's expense.

11.

On the cargo, whether purchased on their own account, taken on freight, or on commission, there shall, in addition to the right of convoy granted by the public to tiie Company, be paid in kind or money at the Company's choice at the Chamber or place as aforesaid from which they cleared, as stated hereinbefore in article ten. And on all sorts of Red dyewood. Dried Codfish, Campeachy wood, ten per centum. Brazil wood, seven and a half per cent. Lignum vitas, yellow wood, five per cent. On Sugars, one-third part shall be paid in kind. Imported tobacco shall not pay for convoy and recognition any more than sixty stivers per hundred pounds, from which one-fourth shall be deducted as allowance for stems, rottenness, dampness or other damage but the foreign tobacco of Marocive shall pay twenty guilders per ;

Dried Codfish, Campeachy wood, ten per centum. Brazil wood, seven and a half per cent. Lignum vitas, yellow wood, five per cent. On Sugars, one-third part shall be paid in kind. Imported tobacco shall not pay for convoy and recognition any more than sixty stivers per hundred pounds, from which one-fourth shall be deducted as allowance for stems, rottenness, dampness or other damage but the foreign tobacco of Marocive shall pay twenty guilders per ;

pound, with like allowance. 12.

On Salt no more shall be paid than is granted to all inhabitants of this province by agreement entered into (respecting the difference) between some cities of the North Quarter and the Company, with this understanding, that they shall pay on the Salt taken from places where the Company hath establishments, according to the order already made and hereafter to be concluded thereupon. 13.

Cotton, Hides, and all other wares and produce, the growth of the West Indies, eight per cent.

14.

And in order that the Inhabitants of these United Countries may be at liberty to trade and sail with strange and foreign ships, so shall, likewise, all strange and foreign vessels bringing into these countries Timber, Salt, Tobacco, and all other the aforesaid wares, fruits and merchandises from the West Indies or the Limits of the Charter granted to the Company, whether on their own account, on freight or on commission, convey and bring the same into Vol. L 29

226 NEW-YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. the Company's stores in manner as in article ten is iiereinbefore recited, and accordingly

And in order that the Inhabitants of these United Countries may be at liberty to trade and sail with strange and foreign ships, so shall, likewise, all strange and foreign vessels bringing into these countries Timber, Salt, Tobacco, and all other the aforesaid wares, fruits and merchandises from the West Indies or the Limits of the Charter granted to the Company, whether on their own account, on freight or on commission, convey and bring the same into Vol. L 29

226 NEW-YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. the Company's stores in manner as in article ten is iiereinbefore recited, and accordingly

pay the above named Company the convoy and such other duties as the Inhabitants and ships of these countries are bound to do, whether such foreign and strange ships come direct to this country from the West Indies and limits of the charter in order that their freight may be brought to other countries or kingdoms, from what cause soever that may happen, unless the goods were obtained in exchange from the owner where they grew, and had paid the duty there imposed which any one alleging, he shall be bound sufficiently to prove on the ;

importation of the goods, in order that the intention of the State and the Company may not be frustrated herein. 15.

All skippers, owners and freighters of ships belonging to these countries trading to the aforesaid permitted Limits of the Charter, shall be bound to return with their ships and all their cargo, and captured prizes or prize goods, to this country to the Chamber whence they sailed, under the penalty of the ship and goods, or the value thereof, to be recovered as in Articles one and two, without being allowed to discharge, diminish, trade or barter by the way any of the freighted or captured goods, wares or merchandises, much less to bring them over as freight for others to any where else than this country.

All skippers, owners and freighters of ships belonging to these countries trading to the aforesaid permitted Limits of the Charter, shall be bound to return with their ships and all their cargo, and captured prizes or prize goods, to this country to the Chamber whence they sailed, under the penalty of the ship and goods, or the value thereof, to be recovered as in Articles one and two, without being allowed to discharge, diminish, trade or barter by the way any of the freighted or captured goods, wares or merchandises, much less to bring them over as freight for others to any where else than this country.

16.

It is further resolved, that the respective Chambers, each among themselves, shall be at liberty to commission one or more persons to visit and search the outgoing and incoming vessels for which visit and search the general Inspectors in the public service, and each and ;

every of them, shall be also qualified, on application to the Company, and are hereby qualified, with authority on finding any unentered goods, to send them up to be declared seized or confiscated by the respective Magistrates of the Cities, or the Court of Admiralty for the benefit of the Company.

17.

Which aforesaid deputies shall have power to search any ship or ships entering any of the ports in this country, to place on board at least two trust-worthy persons as watchmen, so that the Company may not be defrauded on the way between the aforesaid ports and the destined places of unloading, and the skippers, officers or crew shall not embarrass the aforesaid watchmen either by word or deed, nor obstruct them in the proper discharge of their duty, under a penalty of ^50 flemish, to be received, one half by the officer of the place who shall levy execution, and the other half by the injured watchman, and the skipper shall be responsible for his men.

Which aforesaid deputies shall have power to search any ship or ships entering any of the ports in this country, to place on board at least two trust-worthy persons as watchmen, so that the Company may not be defrauded on the way between the aforesaid ports and the destined places of unloading, and the skippers, officers or crew shall not embarrass the aforesaid watchmen either by word or deed, nor obstruct them in the proper discharge of their duty, under a penalty of ^50 flemish, to be received, one half by the officer of the place who shall levy execution, and the other half by the injured watchman, and the skipper shall be responsible for his men.

18.

And in order that each and every one shall receive information and notice hereof, we have resolved to cause the same to be notified by handbills affixed at every place interested therein, and to have the skippers, owners or freighters furnished, for their information, with a printed copy of this Regulation, signed by the Directors, together with the Company's permit and authority, at the Chamber, where the latter are obtained, receipt whereof the skippers, owners or freigliters shall acknowledge on the Bailbond, also under their signature.

:

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS: III. 227

On the return of the ships from the voyage, the skipper, owner or freighter shall be hound to surrender the permit or authority obtained from the said Incorporated West India Company, together with the commission of his Highness, the Prince of Orange, if any he has had, back to the Chamber whence it was received within the space of six days, on pain, in case of failing herein, of paying a sum of three hundred guilders of XL. groots for the benefit of the poor.

On the return of the ships from the voyage, the skipper, owner or freighter shall be hound to surrender the permit or authority obtained from the said Incorporated West India Company, together with the commission of his Highness, the Prince of Orange, if any he has had, back to the Chamber whence it was received within the space of six days, on pain, in case of failing herein, of paying a sum of three hundred guilders of XL. groots for the benefit of the poor.

20.

Moreover, in order that this Regulation be observed and enforced by those of the West India Company, and that no license or authority to trade within the limits of the Charter be granted except by those of the General Incorporated West India Company at the Assembly of the XIX., it is expressly declared, that all those who shall sail with their authority to the permitted Limits of the Charter, shall be instructed and authorized to demand from all ships belonging to this country, which will be met with, in those parts, their license and commission, and finding them without that of the General Company to be furnished at the Assembly of the XIX., the ships provided therewith shall be empowered to drive them from the loading or trading places, in addition to the penalty incurred by them for the Company's benefit, which the skippers, owners or freighters thereof shall be empowered to demand again from those by whom such were licensed and commissioned. Thus provisionally enacted and resolved by the General Incorporated West India Company at the Assembly of the XIX., with the approbation of the High and Mighty Lords States General of the United Netherlands, at Middelburgh, in Zealand, the 14"" October, 1645.

Moreover, in order that this Regulation be observed and enforced by those of the West India Company, and that no license or authority to trade within the limits of the Charter be granted except by those of the General Incorporated West India Company at the Assembly of the XIX., it is expressly declared, that all those who shall sail with their authority to the permitted Limits of the Charter, shall be instructed and authorized to demand from all ships belonging to this country, which will be met with, in those parts, their license and commission, and finding them without that of the General Company to be furnished at the Assembly of the XIX., the ships provided therewith shall be empowered to drive them from the loading or trading places, in addition to the penalty incurred by them for the Company's benefit, which the skippers, owners or freighters thereof shall be empowered to demand again from those by whom such were licensed and commissioned. Thus provisionally enacted and resolved by the General Incorporated West India Company at the Assembly of the XIX., with the approbation of the High and Mighty Lords States General of the United Netherlands, at Middelburgh, in Zealand, the 14"" October, 1645.

Free Trade, 7. The scvcnth and last place is New Netherland, which the majority consider will be best benefited by granting individuals there the liberty to convey, in their own ships, their country produce, grain, flour, fish and other provisions, from thence to other places situate within the Company's Charter, on proper recognitions ; which liberty some members restrict to Brazil, others to all the places of the Charter, except Guinea and St. Thomas.

Thus provisionally enacted and resolved by the General Incorporated West India Company at the Assembly of the XIX., with the approbation of the High and Mighty Lords States General of the United Netherlands, at Middelburgh, in Zealand, the 14"" October, 1645.

Free Trade, 7. The scvcnth and last place is New Netherland, which the majority consider will be best benefited by granting individuals there the liberty to convey, in their own ships, their country produce, grain, flour, fish and other provisions, from thence to other places situate within the Company's Charter, on proper recognitions ; which liberty some members restrict to Brazil, others to all the places of the Charter, except Guinea and St. Thomas.

Second point -- Of Retrenchment and Reform. Reform. "™ °In treating of the second point, the Chambers unanimously declare they are not aware but this has been studied as much as possible; yet should your High Mightinesses be conscious of any thing to the contrary, they are most willing to submit to your High Mightinesses' discretion. In order, however, to afford some opportunity for such action, these following points were, by one and the other Chamber, submitted for consideration 1. Whether the Company's own large ships ought not to be sold, or only a certain number of them retained ? 2.Ought not the Company disembarrass itself of the large quantity of cannon, &c., which here and there among the Chambers ? is still

3. Ought not the dock yards, rope-walks and drug stores be sold?

In order, however, to afford some opportunity for such action, these following points were, by one and the other Chamber, submitted for consideration 1. Whether the Company's own large ships ought not to be sold, or only a certain number of them retained ? 2.Ought not the Company disembarrass itself of the large quantity of cannon, &c., which here and there among the Chambers ? is still

3. Ought not the dock yards, rope-walks and drug stores be sold?

4. Could not the number of Directors be reduced or salaries which they receive, diminished ? ;

5. Ought not the Provincial and City Directors be domiciled at the place where the

Chambers to which they belong are located ? 6. Could not the Assembly of the XIX. be held less frequently and would it not be better ;

attended here in the Hague than at Amsterdam and Zealand '?

!

228 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. 7. Ought it not be resolved that all goods be sold for current silver money? 8. Can any better order be made for increasing the gold from Guinea?

9. Must the defective Chambers supply their lists?

10. Ought not equalization be introduced between the respective Chambers?

The third 'point --Of Ways and Means. Subsistence. In Order to allow the Company to recuperate, and to subsist for the future, the respective Chambers consider these two means necessary. 1. First, that the Brazilian conquests be purged at the public charge and by the public force; the petition for six thousand men is to that effect. 2. Secondly, that it ought to receive the East India Company's duties to the amount of fifteen hundred thousand guilders, pursuant to your High Mightinesses' resolution. In addition to these general means, the majority of the Chambers add some special means as follows: -- oq recnnsWeratioD, 3.

In Order to allow the Company to recuperate, and to subsist for the future, the respective Chambers consider these two means necessary. 1. First, that the Brazilian conquests be purged at the public charge and by the public force; the petition for six thousand men is to that effect. 2. Secondly, that it ought to receive the East India Company's duties to the amount of fifteen hundred thousand guilders, pursuant to your High Mightinesses' resolution. In addition to these general means, the majority of the Chambers add some special means as follows: -- oq recnnsWeratioD, 3. Those of Zealand -- that the public ought to pay the arrears of the subsidy ze'aian!u''"8ay, ih" amounting to about seventy tons of gold. said until supplies ihe Company only 4. And votc a ucw additional supply rv J of seven hundred thousand a guilders Jyearly can subsist i.yiueif. fg^ the term of ths new charter. 5. Amsterdam. -- That the State ought to be solicited to assume the responsibility of the Company's obligations. 6. Maaze -- That in addition to the two general means, the State ought to be requested to aid the Company with a yearly subsidy of three hundred and fifty thousand guilders for the new Charter, on account of the old subsidies; and these three means being realized, the stockholders ought to be persuaded to advance ten per cent in order to pay the old debts and to have a trading fund. 7. West Friesland and the North Quarter are of opinion, if aflfairs be redressed and brought in train according to their advice, that the Company will be sufficiently able to exist of itself. 8. Stadt en Land' requires only payment of the subsidies in arrear, in addition to the general means hereinbefore mentioned. These are, in fact, three points whereupon run the opinions of the respective Chambers each in an especial manner; except that the Zealand Chamber gave, in addition, its opinion on the articles of the old Charter, as they ought, in their estimation, be altered and improved.

West Friesland and the North Quarter are of opinion, if aflfairs be redressed and brought in train according to their advice, that the Company will be sufficiently able to exist of itself. 8. Stadt en Land' requires only payment of the subsidies in arrear, in addition to the general means hereinbefore mentioned. These are, in fact, three points whereupon run the opinions of the respective Chambers each in an especial manner; except that the Zealand Chamber gave, in addition, its opinion on the articles of the old Charter, as they ought, in their estimation, be altered and improved.

Advice of the Deputies of Holland, with the opinions of the several Chambers.

N" 6. Advice of the Deputies of Holland.

Redress, Retrenchment, Subsistence and Trade.

To the Noble, Great and Mighty Lords, the States of Holland and Westfriesland.

Noble, great and Mighty Lords

1.

The Members deputed at the Meeting of your The present deputed Directors of the Great Mightinesses by your resolution of the respective Chambers of the West India

' See Note, mpra, p. 103. -- Ed.

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS: IIL 229

1" July, 1647, to attend to the establishment Company, having pursuant to the order of the of good and proper order in the government of deputies of the High and Mighty Lords States the Incorporated West India Company, and General, examined the annexed advice, have the redress of all such matters and abuses as adjoined thereunto, as their opinions, vphat might have been found to exist to the prejudice stands noted in the margin on each point of said Company, having heard the verbal thereof. information of the present deputed Directors of the aforesaid Company, and read and examined the vpritten remonstrance to them delivered -- Item, the respective written opinions of each of the five Chambers of said Company in particular, and of all its Chambers conjointly or in common; also of the deputies of the General Chamber of accounts of the abovementioned Company, all delivered in to the High and Mighty Lords States General of these United Netherlands in pursuance of their High Mightinesses' order and letter of the 30"" March, 1647; Find, that for the restoration of the West India Company, three chief points are principally to be considered, to vpit.

1" July, 1647, to attend to the establishment Company, having pursuant to the order of the of good and proper order in the government of deputies of the High and Mighty Lords States the Incorporated West India Company, and General, examined the annexed advice, have the redress of all such matters and abuses as adjoined thereunto, as their opinions, vphat might have been found to exist to the prejudice stands noted in the margin on each point of said Company, having heard the verbal thereof. information of the present deputed Directors of the aforesaid Company, and read and examined the vpritten remonstrance to them delivered -- Item, the respective written opinions of each of the five Chambers of said Company in particular, and of all its Chambers conjointly or in common; also of the deputies of the General Chamber of accounts of the abovementioned Company, all delivered in to the High and Mighty Lords States General of these United Netherlands in pursuance of their High Mightinesses' order and letter of the 30"" March, 1647; Find, that for the restoration of the West India Company, three chief points are principally to be considered, to vpit. First, the Management in regard to Navigation and Trade.

2.

Secondly, Retrenchment and redress; and Thirdly, Means of support; and that upon all these points very good suggestions have been made in the vs^ritten Memoir of the aforesaid joint or general advice of the deputed Directors of the respective Companies whereunto they refer, except that certain articles relating to hostility or enmity shall cease in time of peace.

First, the Management in regard to Navigation and Trade.

2.

Secondly, Retrenchment and redress; and Thirdly, Means of support; and that upon all these points very good suggestions have been made in the vs^ritten Memoir of the aforesaid joint or general advice of the deputed Directors of the respective Companies whereunto they refer, except that certain articles relating to hostility or enmity shall cease in time of peace.

But, under correction of your Great Mightinesses, they are moreover of opinion, that the following would be also beneficial and advantageous to the aforesaid Direction : That individuals trading to Brazil shall cause the duties, freights and convoys to be paid in Brazil to six Commissaries to be appointed by the respective Chambers, with certain instruction to be drawn up for said Commissaries, and on the plan more fully detailed in

;

230 NEW-YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS.

the advice of the Chamber of Westfriesland and North Quarter.

Which Commissaries shall pay the Military in Brazil on the footing, and according to the down in the aforesaid advice regulation, laid of the Chamber of Westfriesland and North Quarter, out of the duties, freightsand convoys; also, out of about three hundred thousand guilders to be sent them from Fatherland, in and other dry goods flour out of the recognitions and convoys of the country produce exported by permission in private vessels from New Netherland to Brazil, and out of the Spanish wines and oils imported from the Islands, also out of the three per cent on the goods from Angola, sent from thence to Brazil, in consequence of want of sale, and from the 30 and 50 florins per head, on each slave respectively.

Which Commissaries shall pay the Military in Brazil on the footing, and according to the down in the aforesaid advice regulation, laid of the Chamber of Westfriesland and North Quarter, out of the duties, freightsand convoys; also, out of about three hundred thousand guilders to be sent them from Fatherland, in and other dry goods flour out of the recognitions and convoys of the country produce exported by permission in private vessels from New Netherland to Brazil, and out of the Spanish wines and oils imported from the Islands, also out of the three per cent on the goods from Angola, sent from thence to Brazil, in consequence of want of sale, and from the 30 and 50 florins per head, on each slave respectively.

Your Great Mightinesses' deputies being of opinion that for the tenths of the sugars, duty, freight and convoy, the Chambers in this

country shall receive, at the lowest calculation, one half in kind ; that is, of two chests, one.

Also, that no wet wares shall be sent on the Company's account, but only flour, beef, pork, oil, butter, dried codfish and cheese, leaving the aforesaid wet goods exclusively to individuals who will be at liberty, on permission, or on excusable reasons and immediate notice, to export from the Islands aforesaid, Spanish wines and oils in their own or private ships, on paying the duty and convoy in Brazil to the aforesaid Commissaries of the respective Chambers.

7.

That the Slave trade at Ardra and Calbraye, The Directors are of opinion, that the trade ought to be reserved to the aforesaid Company, here mentioned, ought to be pursued on a plan on the regulation made thereupon. there laid down.

Also, that no wet wares shall be sent on the Company's account, but only flour, beef, pork, oil, butter, dried codfish and cheese, leaving the aforesaid wet goods exclusively to individuals who will be at liberty, on permission, or on excusable reasons and immediate notice, to export from the Islands aforesaid, Spanish wines and oils in their own or private ships, on paying the duty and convoy in Brazil to the aforesaid Commissaries of the respective Chambers.

7.

That the Slave trade at Ardra and Calbraye, The Directors are of opinion, that the trade ought to be reserved to the aforesaid Company, here mentioned, ought to be pursued on a plan on the regulation made thereupon. there laid down.

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS! III. 231 8.

That the north coast of Africa can be The coast of Guinea ought, according to the resorted to by the joint vessels bringing the enacted regulation, be frequented in turns by proceeds of their trade to tbe Castle Del Mina, the respective Chambers, but what regards the in order that it may come pro rata to the remainder of the north coast, the management respective Chambers. thereof shall remain provisionally as it is.

That the inhabitants of New Netherland The trade of the inhabitants of New only, ought to be at liberty to export the Netherland ought to be permitted to Brazil and produce growing there to all the Company's Angola, in manner as mentioned on the conquests, except Guinea and St. Thomas, and opposite side, that on payment of the duty and convoy in manner as before mentioned.

That the north coast of Africa can be The coast of Guinea ought, according to the resorted to by the joint vessels bringing the enacted regulation, be frequented in turns by proceeds of their trade to tbe Castle Del Mina, the respective Chambers, but what regards the in order that it may come pro rata to the remainder of the north coast, the management respective Chambers. thereof shall remain provisionally as it is.

That the inhabitants of New Netherland The trade of the inhabitants of New only, ought to be at liberty to export the Netherland ought to be permitted to Brazil and produce growing there to all the Company's Angola, in manner as mentioned on the conquests, except Guinea and St. Thomas, and opposite side, that on payment of the duty and convoy in manner as before mentioned.

10.

ThatnoChambernor anyindividual Director The order and penalty enacted on the other shall have power to reduce any duty, nor to side, ought to be observed; rate any goods at less than laid down in the general list thereof, under the penalty, for the Directors so doing, of making good the same themselves, and of being, moreover, removed from their employment.

That the Directors of the respective Cham- As well as what is here enacted, bers shall not, either directly nor indirectly, endeavor to overreach one another with the crew, nor seek to draw trade away from one city to the other.

12.

That their High Mightinesses' approval And the approval of the regulation respecting ought to be requested for the regulation more the Caribbean traders, which is requested, fully contained in the aforesaid Memoir, respecting the Caribbean Traders.

That the Directors of the respective Cham- As well as what is here enacted, bers shall not, either directly nor indirectly, endeavor to overreach one another with the crew, nor seek to draw trade away from one city to the other.

12.

That their High Mightinesses' approval And the approval of the regulation respecting ought to be requested for the regulation more the Caribbean traders, which is requested, fully contained in the aforesaid Memoir, respecting the Caribbean Traders.

13.

What now regards the aforesaid second point, The unnecessary ships, yachts and guns, are, of retrenchment and redress, the aforesaid, forthe most part, already sold but what ;

your Great Mightinesses' deputies are, with regards the disposing of the store-houses, ship submission, of opinion that all old, unserviceable, yards, rope walks and drug stores, that concerns unnecessary vessels and yachts, together with exclusively the Amsterdam Chamber, which the heavy guns, also the Company's store- hath promised to examine into and give orders houses, ship yards, rope walks and drug respecting the same. stores, ought to be sold and got rid of for its advantage.

NEW-YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. 14.

Also, that all the Company's unnecessary The respective Chambers undertake to servants; both in this country and abroad, dismiss all useless servants, ought to be dismissed.

15.

That, inmanner, the factors vphom like In like manner no more factors shall be the outer Chambers have introduced into employed at Amsterdam by the Chambers, Amsterdam, contrary to the 26"" Article of the except by Zealand and Siadt en Lande, on Charter, ought to be dispensed with, because account of the distance of their places. they draw wages from said Chambers, and pay separate store rent; and there ought to be such good correspondence between the respective Chambers and Directors, that the one transact the other's business, as is the case with the East India Company.

That, inmanner, the factors vphom like In like manner no more factors shall be the outer Chambers have introduced into employed at Amsterdam by the Chambers, Amsterdam, contrary to the 26"" Article of the except by Zealand and Siadt en Lande, on Charter, ought to be dispensed with, because account of the distance of their places. they draw wages from said Chambers, and pay separate store rent; and there ought to be such good correspondence between the respective Chambers and Directors, that the one transact the other's business, as is the case with the East India Company.

16.

That no moneys shall be borrowed on The adjoining article ouglit to be, in future, interest for the West India Company, except enforced, with the knowledge and consent of the Nineteen.

17.

That in matters of taxation, &c., conflicting In the matter of the plurality voting, the with the Charter, there shall be no plurality tenor of the charter ought to be observed, voting.

18.

That the aforesaid XIX. shall assemble The place of meeting of the XIX. shall be ordinarily but once a year, and if necessity as heretofore, and must not be as stated in the require, shall hold an extraordinary meeting annexed article. within the City of Amsterdam if accommodation only can be obtained.

19.

Moreover, said Assembly of the XIX., at its The Commissioners ought indeed be appointadjournment, shall appoint certain Commis- ed by the Assembly of the XIX., but in regard sioners from among the Directors, each in the to,and in correspondence with, the general city where his Chamber is established, which Board of accounts, to which alone, and accor- Commissioners shall, each in his place, take ding to their instruction, belongs the superincare and see that the resolutions of the XIX. tendence here mentioned. shall be well and punctually executed and obeyed, and this without expense to the Company, except their boat and carriage hire, which shall be charged to the said Company.

Moreover, said Assembly of the XIX., at its The Commissioners ought indeed be appointadjournment, shall appoint certain Commis- ed by the Assembly of the XIX., but in regard sioners from among the Directors, each in the to,and in correspondence with, the general city where his Chamber is established, which Board of accounts, to which alone, and accor- Commissioners shall, each in his place, take ding to their instruction, belongs the superincare and see that the resolutions of the XIX. tendence here mentioned. shall be well and punctually executed and obeyed, and this without expense to the Company, except their boat and carriage hire, which shall be charged to the said Company.

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS: III. 233

That the Commissioners who appear in the Resolution hereupon ought to be requested Assembly of the XIX., on behalf of their High from their High Mightinesses. Mightinesses, shall henceforth travel, board, and attend at the expense of the State, and not of the Company.

21.

That the Military or soldiers in the Com- The annexed article is found very useful, pany's service shall be paid in money in this but is as yet impracticable in consequence of manner, to wit: of each year on foreign the unfavorable condition of the Company, service, six months shall be retained ; two for the wives and children, and the remaining four months shall remain until the return of the aforesaid men ; but those who have neither wives nor children, shall be at liberty to dispose of the aforesaid two months' pay for the benefit of such other persons as they shall think proper, and this for the term of three years, according to the articles of enlistment.

That the Military or soldiers in the Com- The annexed article is found very useful, pany's service shall be paid in money in this but is as yet impracticable in consequence of manner, to wit: of each year on foreign the unfavorable condition of the Company, service, six months shall be retained ; two for the wives and children, and the remaining four months shall remain until the return of the aforesaid men ; but those who have neither wives nor children, shall be at liberty to dispose of the aforesaid two months' pay for the benefit of such other persons as they shall think proper, and this for the term of three years, according to the articles of enlistment.

22.

That the number in the Board of Directors The Commissioners have no objection to the ought to be reduced on the occasion of death diminution of the Directors, and hereby leave and of the change which must take place this to the discretion of the Board. according to the Charter and that to such ;

amount as the members of the Board shall agree upon among themselves.

23.

And that each of said Directors shall As well as the order which ought to be henceforth serve nine years instead of six. enacted respecting these two points.

24.

And be obliged continually to reside within the cities where their Chambers are established. 25.

And as regards the premised Chief point respecting the aforesaid means of subsistence, your great Mightinesses' Commissioners are, under correction, of opinion -- 26.

amount as the members of the Board shall agree upon among themselves.

23.

And that each of said Directors shall As well as the order which ought to be henceforth serve nine years instead of six. enacted respecting these two points.

24.

And be obliged continually to reside within the cities where their Chambers are established. 25.

And as regards the premised Chief point respecting the aforesaid means of subsistence, your great Mightinesses' Commissioners are, under correction, of opinion -- 26.

That besides the provisional aid required fl. 7,500" to wit: fl. 6,300" of money borfor the Company, and what is connected rowed on interest, and fl. 1,500" of current and Vol. I. 30

;

284 NEW-YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. therewith, the aforesaid general Board of accruing debts; the credits in the country, Accounts ought to prepare and deliver in ajust, independent of the property in storehouses,

subscribed statement of debits and credits yards, ships and cannon, are few or none. also.oflhe effects which the Company I Those of Brazil were included in them. at home and abroad.

27.

And the deputed Members submit to your Yes ; the Board ought to be requested to Great Mightinesses, whether the Board ought consider how the Company shall best be not seasonably to consider how and in what relieved of its debts, manner its debts shall best be paid.

28.

And moreover, a pertinent statement ought The votes of subsidies ought to be taken to be prepared and exhibited by their High according to the estimate of the increase and Mightinesses' Secretary and by the aforesaid the petitions of the Council of State consequent General Board of accounts; also by all the Cham- thereupon, that is up to the close and last of bers of the West India Company, respectively, the year of the old Charter, being in ten years of the subsidies voted the aforesaid Company 7,000' guilders ; what portion thereof has been by the Provinces, and of the sum paid thereon, paid by the one or the other province can be and consequently of the amount of subsidies seen by the last statement of the General Board still due by the State or the Provinces. of Accounts.

And moreover, a pertinent statement ought The votes of subsidies ought to be taken to be prepared and exhibited by their High according to the estimate of the increase and Mightinesses' Secretary and by the aforesaid the petitions of the Council of State consequent General Board of accounts; also by all the Cham- thereupon, that is up to the close and last of bers of the West India Company, respectively, the year of the old Charter, being in ten years of the subsidies voted the aforesaid Company 7,000' guilders ; what portion thereof has been by the Provinces, and of the sum paid thereon, paid by the one or the other province can be and consequently of the amount of subsidies seen by the last statement of the General Board still due by the State or the Provinces. of Accounts.

29.

That further efforts ought to be made in The Company in general ought to request order that tiie provinces, in consequence of simply to be relieved from all money taken d

their neglect to pay respectively the aforesaid deposito. voted subsidies, may undertake to discharge or relieve the Company from the moneys borrowed on interest on their account.

30.

That in the foregoing required statement The first part of the annexed article has been ought to be noted, what provinces have not complied with, and what regards the remainder thus far voted subsidies for the Company, nor the Board will act as it deems most proper. paid these when voted as Holland has done; and the provinces in arrears ought then to be admonished, to clear up their deficiency so far as to be on a par, in votes and payments, with Holland and Westfriesland.

That in the foregoing required statement The first part of the annexed article has been ought to be noted, what provinces have not complied with, and what regards the remainder thus far voted subsidies for the Company, nor the Board will act as it deems most proper. paid these when voted as Holland has done; and the provinces in arrears ought then to be admonished, to clear up their deficiency so far as to be on a par, in votes and payments, with Holland and Westfriesland.

That further the Provinces all together ought Instead of the proposed new subsidy of to be requested, by petition, to continue hence- fl. 700" a year as long as the war in Brazil forward the votes and payments of the subsidy continues, the State ought to be requested to of seven hundred thousand guilders a year for support the entire army there and to pay its

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS : III. 235 the Company so long as the war in Brazil wages and food until it can be paid fror I the shall last, and until the Company's affairs tenths and other revenues there. there shall be reestablished, and that such order be given in the province that the moneys of each voted instalment be as promptly furnished.

32.

That finally, the stockholders of the West The Directors trust that on the adoption of India Company ought to be required and a resolution to the effect aforesaid by the Board, obliged to increase their stock in said Company for the advantage of the Company, the worthy twelveper cent ; one-third part of said increase Stockholders will be disposed to add a new payable six weeks after having received notice clause for the negotiation and contents hereof, so to do; the second instalment in six months afterwards, and the last instalment six months Bubsequently.

That finally, the stockholders of the West The Directors trust that on the adoption of India Company ought to be required and a resolution to the effect aforesaid by the Board, obliged to increase their stock in said Company for the advantage of the Company, the worthy twelveper cent ; one-third part of said increase Stockholders will be disposed to add a new payable six weeks after having received notice clause for the negotiation and contents hereof, so to do; the second instalment in six months afterwards, and the last instalment six months Bubsequently.

33.

That one-half the proceeds of this increase shall be applied to the trade or commerce of said Company.

34.

Your Great Mightinesses' Commissioners are further of opinion that the Plenipotentiaries deputed from this State to negotiate the peace, ought to be instructed to urge, when opportu- ^

nity offers, on the Spanish Plenipotentiaries, for the benefit of the West India Company of this country, the free trade to Ponto del Rey, or the Salt point, according to said Company's Charter.

Advice of the Chamber of Accounts of the West India Company.

Considerations of the Board of Audit of the West India Company regarding the reform of said Company, drawn up pursuant to the order of the High and Mighty Lords States General of the United Netherlands and delivered to their High Mightinesses' Commissioners at the Hague, the 27 May, 1647.

chkmbetofAocounto ^he decHue of the Company's affairs and the difficulty in which they are at Eedresa. present placed, arise on the one hand from divers disorders in this country and bad management in the foreign conquests (which have for a longtime past impaired the Company), and on the other, from some unfortunate occurrences in Brazil, Angola and elsewhere, which have completely prostrated and ruined it.

Considerations of the Board of Audit of the West India Company regarding the reform of said Company, drawn up pursuant to the order of the High and Mighty Lords States General of the United Netherlands and delivered to their High Mightinesses' Commissioners at the Hague, the 27 May, 1647.

chkmbetofAocounto ^he decHue of the Company's affairs and the difficulty in which they are at Eedresa. present placed, arise on the one hand from divers disorders in this country and bad management in the foreign conquests (which have for a longtime past impaired the Company), and on the other, from some unfortunate occurrences in Brazil, Angola and elsewhere, which have completely prostrated and ruined it. Two-fold means of redress must consequently be

236 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. discovered and applied. First : to reestablish the Company in its lost or disturbed possessions.

Secondly : to enact such firm and good orders that the Company will not only be maintained in its ordinary course, and continue to subsist, but may in time be brought to a flourishing state. In regard to the recovery of the conquest of Brazil, we see no other means of accomplishing that, than what has lately been submitted by the committee of the Directors of the respective Ciiambers to your High Mightinesses at the Hague, to wit that in addition to the aid :

already dispatched, (which was not found sufficient against such a united body of Portuguese rebels,) a competent and combined military force be voted anew by the State, and conveyed to Brazil with ships, ammunition and other necessaries, not only to recover and clear our frontiers, but also to prosecute further designs either against Bahia, as the chief seat of the war and of the piratical practices of the Portuguese, or elsewhere. Tiie Company, once relieved by these means, of its treacherous neighbors, could disembarrass itself of the onerous charge of the military, and of the support of several fortresses; the freemen would be induced to establish themselves peaceably in said conquests, without fearing to be again stripped of their plantations (ingenhos) and goods, and by the increase of population and agriculture, the Company would be at once set on its legs.

already dispatched, (which was not found sufficient against such a united body of Portuguese rebels,) a competent and combined military force be voted anew by the State, and conveyed to Brazil with ships, ammunition and other necessaries, not only to recover and clear our frontiers, but also to prosecute further designs either against Bahia, as the chief seat of the war and of the piratical practices of the Portuguese, or elsewhere. Tiie Company, once relieved by these means, of its treacherous neighbors, could disembarrass itself of the onerous charge of the military, and of the support of several fortresses; the freemen would be induced to establish themselves peaceably in said conquests, without fearing to be again stripped of their plantations (ingenhos) and goods, and by the increase of population and agriculture, the Company would be at once set on its legs. Short of this, we see no remedy for the reparation of the damages the Company has already suffered, except by indemnifying ourselves with the enemy's full and flourishing plantations fwio-e^jAosJ and lands; inasmuch as it is to be feared that our entire and wasted district, if not soon redressed, will not supply as much produce and revenue as will equal the Company's expenses. Respecting Angola: it must be borne in mind that our people do no not fare much better there than in Brazil, inasmuch as we are advised by the latest letters, dated last May, that the Portuguese in the interiorhaving received a great accession of force, had, after a victory obtained over the Queen Donna Anna Ciuga, united with some tribes of Blacks, to drive our people wholly from that country. Our folks in Loando are too weak to act in company with them ;and are very poorly supplied with provisions, and especially munitions of war, none of which has been now sent them for over a year.

Respecting Angola: it must be borne in mind that our people do no not fare much better there than in Brazil, inasmuch as we are advised by the latest letters, dated last May, that the Portuguese in the interiorhaving received a great accession of force, had, after a victory obtained over the Queen Donna Anna Ciuga, united with some tribes of Blacks, to drive our people wholly from that country. Our folks in Loando are too weak to act in company with them ;and are very poorly supplied with provisions, and especially munitions of war, none of which has been now sent them for over a year. Cut off, also, on the land side, and blockaded in their forts and in the city of Loando, they probably can not make a long stand, but will at last be forced either to treat with the enemy, or indeed wholly to abandon the country, (as was the case with Maranhao in the year 1644.) unless they receive prompt succor in provisions and other necessaries, in order temporarily to maintain these conquests. A plan could be considered, and arrangements made to dislodge the Portuguese governor, Sotto Mayor, with his troops either by stratagem or force; for which purpose three or four hundred men ought to be transported from Brazil after they had completed their designs there. The recovery of both these conquests is particularly important, as they are partially the foundation on which the Company must hereafter rest; the commerce with Guinea, St. Thomas and adjoining trading places, not being sufficient to feed so huge a body. Moreover, they have cost the Company and individuals so many millions, and can contribute so essentially to the damage of the general enemy and the security of this State, that your High Mightinesses will be induced in your wisdom and generosity to contribute further aid, and to vote for a short period, the oft requested succor, which indeed ought to be done early, if possible, considering that the number of soldiers and sailors already in Brazil, at great expense to the Company, will otherwise remain useless and ineffective, and the most favorable season and opportunity for the execution of any thing worth mentioning, would have passed away, not to be afterwards retrieved, except at double the outlay.

Moreover, they have cost the Company and individuals so many millions, and can contribute so essentially to the damage of the general enemy and the security of this State, that your High Mightinesses will be induced in your wisdom and generosity to contribute further aid, and to vote for a short period, the oft requested succor, which indeed ought to be done early, if possible, considering that the number of soldiers and sailors already in Brazil, at great expense to the Company, will otherwise remain useless and ineffective, and the most favorable season and opportunity for the execution of any thing worth mentioning, would have passed away, not to be afterwards retrieved, except at double the outlay.

--

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS: IlL 237

Tlie aforesaid conquests being thus, with the assistance of God, recovered, further means of redress, in the matter of superintendence, retrenchment and trade of said Company, could be taken in hand and promoted as follows:

First. -- Respecting Superintendence. Buperintcndcnoe. The government of the Company consists as well in supervision by the Directors in this country, as in the good order and administration to be maintained by the officers and servants in foreign conquests. In this country we must treat, first. Of the election of the Board of Directors; secondly, Of their management and administration. As Directors, ought to be chosen not only men conversant, active and vigilant in business, but also those who can properly attend to it, and are not too much engaged in private trade, by means whereof it happens that they frequently absent themselves from ordinary meetings, and, excusing themselves from duty, the burthen devolves on some few persons. Amsterdam,.... 27 Ilercupon it is to be duly considered, that the number of Directors, which with .....". mmz",.'. 17 the Supernumeraries, consists at present of 89 persons, could be diminished at Korth Quarter, .14 Groeningen 14 least one-third, and reduced to two-thirds without prejudice to the business to be ^ transacted by the Company, provided that the Supernumeraries be obliged to remove their domicil to the place where the Chambers are established, and render effectual service like the rest, and this particularly, with a view to furnish their respective superiors and stockholders with information and a knowledge of the Company's condition.

Amsterdam,.... 27 Ilercupon it is to be duly considered, that the number of Directors, which with .....". mmz",.'. 17 the Supernumeraries, consists at present of 89 persons, could be diminished at Korth Quarter, .14 Groeningen 14 least one-third, and reduced to two-thirds without prejudice to the business to be ^ transacted by the Company, provided that the Supernumeraries be obliged to remove their domicil to the place where the Chambers are established, and render effectual service like the rest, and this particularly, with a view to furnish their respective superiors and stockholders with information and a knowledge of the Company's condition. And this reduction should be effected, not only because the great number of Directors frequently produces confusion and lack of zeal among themselves, but also to save a portion of the salaries received by the Directors, which, likewise, according to the present condition of the Company, can be lessened, as will hereafter be stated in the section on Retrenchment. It could be gradually

introduced and put into practice according as the Directors retire, on the expiration of their term, or upon their death, provided no new ones be chosen in their places, until reduced to the appointed number. In order to encourage the Directors the more in their duties in this regard, and that the Company may not experience any inconvenience from the too rapid change thereof, the term of their office ought to be extended somewhat longer than by the old charter; or the retiring Directors ought to be at least reeligible after the expiration of their term, the same as if they were nominated anew by the chief stockholders, in addition to those whom they by triple number may put on the ticket; this would have a tendency to excite the vigilance and zeal of the good, which on the other hand oftentimes becomes faint towards the close of their term.

In order to encourage the Directors the more in their duties in this regard, and that the Company may not experience any inconvenience from the too rapid change thereof, the term of their office ought to be extended somewhat longer than by the old charter; or the retiring Directors ought to be at least reeligible after the expiration of their term, the same as if they were nominated anew by the chief stockholders, in addition to those whom they by triple number may put on the ticket; this would have a tendency to excite the vigilance and zeal of the good, which on the other hand oftentimes becomes faint towards the close of their term. The administrjition of the Board of Directors consists either in particular Chambers, or in the general meeting of the entire, or of the half, of the Nineteen. The Charter fixes the number of Chambers at five ; of these Amsterdam hath the management of four-ninth parts; Zealand, of two; and Maaze, North Quarter and Groeningen, each of \ part. Again, the Maaze Chamber is divided, after the three cities,^ into three Boards; those of the North Quarter into two;^ each of which, as well as each Chamber, of 4, 2, and -J-, has its separate government, with little direct communication with the others; each in particular hath, also, its own Bookkeepers, Cashiers, storekeepers, houses, yards, stores and whatever ' Rotterdam, DorJreetit, Delft. " Hoorn, Enekliiivzen, -- En.

238 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS.

e]se appertains thereunto, not without confusion and burthensomeness to the Company. Therefore, it would be well, if the three cities were thereunto disposed, that the three Boards of the Maaze were united into one, and the two of the North Quarter brought into one Chamber, which should be ambulatory in their respective districts according to the years the Charter is continued.

Again, the Maaze Chamber is divided, after the three cities,^ into three Boards; those of the North Quarter into two;^ each of which, as well as each Chamber, of 4, 2, and -J-, has its separate government, with little direct communication with the others; each in particular hath, also, its own Bookkeepers, Cashiers, storekeepers, houses, yards, stores and whatever ' Rotterdam, DorJreetit, Delft. " Hoorn, Enekliiivzen, -- En.

238 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS.

e]se appertains thereunto, not without confusion and burthensomeness to the Company. Therefore, it would be well, if the three cities were thereunto disposed, that the three Boards of the Maaze were united into one, and the two of the North Quarter brought into one Chamber, which should be ambulatory in their respective districts according to the years the Charter is continued. For example, residing alternately in each of the three cities on the Maaze for the term of four years, and each term would come around twice and alternating in like ;

manner every four years in the two cities of the North Qurter, so that each city would have to arrange its and when the Chamber resides in the one city for turn by lot or otliervcise ; four years, the Bookkeeper, clerks, storekeeper, with all the adjuncts, must live there and ;

the Directors of the cities in which the Chamber was not, at the then present time established, or at least some of them, must also remove their residence thither, on condition that such Directors receive a larger stipend than their associates who do not change residence; and the others must attend as often as summoned by the Chambers. The ships should also be equipped and fitted out during the aforesaid term of four years, in that city where the Chamber resides but the purchase of the cargoes and necessaries, as far as it could be effected ;

the Directors of the cities in which the Chamber was not, at the then present time established, or at least some of them, must also remove their residence thither, on condition that such Directors receive a larger stipend than their associates who do not change residence; and the others must attend as often as summoned by the Chambers. The ships should also be equipped and fitted out during the aforesaid term of four years, in that city where the Chamber resides but the purchase of the cargoes and necessaries, as far as it could be effected ;

advantageously for the Company, might be ordered to be done in the cities where the remaining Directors reside. And on the expiration of the first four years, they should remove, with all the attendants, to the second place; in the same manner as the Board of Admiralty is in the habit of doing in the two cities of Hoorn and Enckhuyzen.

Moreover, the Directors must be obliged'4o attend the weekly meeting, on pain of a reasonable fine, or the deduction of so much of their salary as that day shall amount to, inasmuch as it has otherwise occurred that they frequently absent themselves, according to their own convenience; acquiring no thorough nor connected knowledge of affairs, nor being able to advise fundamentally on any business that may arise. The details of each Chamber may be distributed within itself, among different Commissaries, to wit: to take charge of accounts and the office, the cash; the merchandise; the stores; the wet and dry provisions. In regard to their administration, they ought to keep a register and books, in order to render an account at the Assembly, and to furnish at all times a statement without hiring bookkeepers and clerks, particularly for that purpose, or increasing unnecessarily the number of dependents.

The details of each Chamber may be distributed within itself, among different Commissaries, to wit: to take charge of accounts and the office, the cash; the merchandise; the stores; the wet and dry provisions. In regard to their administration, they ought to keep a register and books, in order to render an account at the Assembly, and to furnish at all times a statement without hiring bookkeepers and clerks, particularly for that purpose, or increasing unnecessarily the number of dependents. This will be also referred to in the section -- Of Retrenchment. In order that one Commissary may have a knowledge of the other's work, and a thorough acquaintance with the Company's affairs, it would be useful to change the clerks, sometimes; nay, without giving notice, in order that the one may not conceal any thing from the other, but that it may lie plain and open before every one of the Directors. The trouble and commission imposed on each by his Chamber, especially such as being deputed by the general vote of the Board to repair to the XIX., or beyond the city, ought to be undertaken and attended to by every one, without exception, so that each work may be performed by those who are considered best adapted for it; should such be declined, without sufficient cause, the person so declining ought, in like manner be mulcted in a portion of his salary, which shall be appropriated to the benefit of such other as executes his commission on returning home, each ;

The trouble and commission imposed on each by his Chamber, especially such as being deputed by the general vote of the Board to repair to the XIX., or beyond the city, ought to be undertaken and attended to by every one, without exception, so that each work may be performed by those who are considered best adapted for it; should such be declined, without sufficient cause, the person so declining ought, in like manner be mulcted in a portion of his salary, which shall be appropriated to the benefit of such other as executes his commission on returning home, each ;

ought to render a report in writing of what he hath done, in order that it may always be seen in what condition the matter stands, so as to be regulated accordingly in the sequel of the affair. These and similar regulations, which are enforced in the beginning, and afterwards fallen into desuetude, ought to be introduced and kept up in each Chamber according to the constitution and administration it may have, so that all may be henceforth directed therein, with increased knowledge and order.

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS: III. 239

The Assembly of the XIX., wherein all matters appertaining to the Company must be treated and concluded, has not for a considerable time, had such speedy despatch and expedition as the Company's service indeed required ; for, first, the points of reference being drawn up according to the resolution of a Chamber, which temporarily presides, and frequently not including all the important points, the members, do not always come instructed thereupon with thorough knowledge of affairs, nor provided with complete directions from their Board, and do not appear at the appointed time but leave the one waiting in vain for the other, to ;

The Assembly of the XIX., wherein all matters appertaining to the Company must be treated and concluded, has not for a considerable time, had such speedy despatch and expedition as the Company's service indeed required ; for, first, the points of reference being drawn up according to the resolution of a Chamber, which temporarily presides, and frequently not including all the important points, the members, do not always come instructed thereupon with thorough knowledge of affairs, nor provided with complete directions from their Board, and do not appear at the appointed time but leave the one waiting in vain for the other, to ;

the injury and great expense of the Company. On proceeding to business, the points are not finally disposed of, but frequently referred to the next meeting; incidental matters and mutual

disputes consume the mostof tiie time; and what has been resolved on there, with the general advice of the members, is frequently, through particular interest or inability of the one or the other Chamber, neither attended to nor executed. In order to remedy and prevent these disorders in part, there was established by the XIX., in the year 1643, at the instance of their High Mightinesses' deputies, a Board of Accounts, composed of six persons ; Amsterdam Chamber, and one from each of to wit, two from the the other Cliambers, who were to prepare and report all the matters to be transacted by the XIX. against the meeting of that body further, keep accounts with all the Chambers in this ;

In order to remedy and prevent these disorders in part, there was established by the XIX., in the year 1643, at the instance of their High Mightinesses' deputies, a Board of Accounts, composed of six persons ; Amsterdam Chamber, and one from each of to wit, two from the the other Cliambers, who were to prepare and report all the matters to be transacted by the XIX. against the meeting of that body further, keep accounts with all the Chambers in this ;

country, as well as with the foreign conquests and compile from these, general books which ;

would show the condition of the Company at all times; they were to make a repartition of receipts and expenses, and decide the disputes arising therefrom, with a view to maintain equality and proportion as well as good correspondence between the Chambers; also, to attend to the execution of the resolves of the XIX., as is more fully to be seen by the instruction of the aforesaid Board of Accounts. But that Board having experienced divers obstacles from its beginning to the present time, and not being clothed with sufficient authority to hold the Chambers to their duty and the various papers and documents not being even submitted to ;

it from the respective Chambers, tiie essential knowledge of their administration could not

be obtained. Nevertheless, we cannot yet see any fitter means of keeping in order the entire body of the Company and each Chamber in particular, than the establishment of such a general and permanent body, on a plan similar to that of said Board of Accounts, but furnished with greater authority for the execution of its office which Board must possess, in the absence of the ;

it from the respective Chambers, tiie essential knowledge of their administration could not

be obtained. Nevertheless, we cannot yet see any fitter means of keeping in order the entire body of the Company and each Chamber in particular, than the establishment of such a general and permanent body, on a plan similar to that of said Board of Accounts, but furnished with greater authority for the execution of its office which Board must possess, in the absence of the ;

XIX., the direction and disposition of all ordinary affairs ; the execution punctually at their time of all incidental matters, not admitting of delay, until further orders from the XIX.; sending orders thereupon, as well to Brazil as to the respective Chambers; pointing out the means, how and whereby the Chambers respectively can execute the same. To which end, the respective Chambers must also be bound to furnish and send over to the said Board, from time to time, a pertinent statement of their condition, in order that it regulate itself accordingly; and in case of non-compliance with any of these orders, the aforesaid Board must be authorized to impose a fine on those Chambers for such failure and neglect, (unless appear that they were prevented by potent and unexpected accidents), it

and cause their accounts here, or in Brazil, or other places, to be charged with such fine, and allow them to receive so much the less returns; or, on the commission of grave faults and negligences, to speak personally to the Directors, who are guilty thereof; which Board, as possessing constant knowledge of the affiiirs, must also summon the Assembly of the XIX., on points to be drawn up by it, giving timely notice thereof both to the presiding and other

and cause their accounts here, or in Brazil, or other places, to be charged with such fine, and allow them to receive so much the less returns; or, on the commission of grave faults and negligences, to speak personally to the Directors, who are guilty thereof; which Board, as possessing constant knowledge of the affiiirs, must also summon the Assembly of the XIX., on points to be drawn up by it, giving timely notice thereof both to the presiding and other

240 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS.

Chambers, in order to receive their opinions and embody these in the points of reference, if necessary, that all the members may be notified and instructed thereupon, so as to afford satisfaction to others, without referring to, or delaying for, their Chamber, whereby many good things are left unexecuted. In like manner, in order to dispose more promptly of the business of the XIX., two persons, members of the Board, ought to appear at each meeting of the Assembly of the XIX. with mere advisory voice, for the purpose of reporting to, and advising the XIX. on what passes ;

to obviate stindry disputes between the Chambers and the better to have the orders and resolutions to be adopted by the XIX. executed conformably to their intention. By this means frequent and lengthy sessions of the XIX., at vast expense to the Company, might be dispensed with, and these need not be held more than once, or at most, twice a year, for which time all business should be prepared by the aforesaid permanent Board, and full information and explanation given of the circumstances of the foreign conquests, as well as of the state of the receipts and expenses, and the entire condition as well of the general Company as of each particular Chamber.Thus all inequality and disproportion between these is remedied, and principally the troubles and canker of jealousy among the Chambers removed or diminished ;

By this means frequent and lengthy sessions of the XIX., at vast expense to the Company, might be dispensed with, and these need not be held more than once, or at most, twice a year, for which time all business should be prepared by the aforesaid permanent Board, and full information and explanation given of the circumstances of the foreign conquests, as well as of the state of the receipts and expenses, and the entire condition as well of the general Company as of each particular Chamber.Thus all inequality and disproportion between these is remedied, and principally the troubles and canker of jealousy among the Chambers removed or diminished ;

inasmuch as those proceed mainly from the fact, that the one Chamber does its business without communicating with the other; each pays more attention to his own Chamber's profit than to that of the general body; yea, endeavors to defraud the latter. In which case, this Board, being general and impartial, would study the common interest of the Company and hold such balance between the Chambers as that the one would not be wronged or oppressed by the other. snperintendence in Thus much of the Superintendence in this country. ihu country. rp|^g government of Brazil being after mature deliberation, recently composed of one president and four supreme councillors, a Court of justice and Board of Finance, with other additional high and low officers in the Company's employment, although it costs, on account of their wages and salaries a considerable sum, yet no fundamental reform can be introduced therein until it be seen how far the lost conquests will be recovered, and with what number of officers and servants the business there can be carried on. And especially when population increases and Brazil becomes inhabited by Netherlanders, many suitable persons from the Commonalty should be employed at a small stipend in the Company's service.

In which case, this Board, being general and impartial, would study the common interest of the Company and hold such balance between the Chambers as that the one would not be wronged or oppressed by the other. snperintendence in Thus much of the Superintendence in this country. ihu country. rp|^g government of Brazil being after mature deliberation, recently composed of one president and four supreme councillors, a Court of justice and Board of Finance, with other additional high and low officers in the Company's employment, although it costs, on account of their wages and salaries a considerable sum, yet no fundamental reform can be introduced therein until it be seen how far the lost conquests will be recovered, and with what number of officers and servants the business there can be carried on. And especially when population increases and Brazil becomes inhabited by Netherlanders, many suitable persons from the Commonalty should be employed at a small stipend in the Company's service. Meanwhile, the supreme government in Brazil ought to be seriously notified to reduce to the lowest point the Company's servants and train bands there, in proportion to the low state of affairs and the condition of trade, and in all things to study Retrenchment, whereof we shall now accordingly treat. Second point -- Of Retrenchment. EetreDchment. This point embraces the entire administration of the Company, both in this country and abroad. And, first, respecting Retrenchment in this country. It has been heretofore proposed that, by reducing the number of the Directors to two-thirds, one-third of their salaries could be saved and the allowances to those still employed, or in lieu thereof the existing pay, be so modified, according to the present condition of the Company that, they being satisfied with a tantum to be fixed by your High Mightinesses until the Company's revenues should sensibly increase, something additional might be again allowed them.

It has been heretofore proposed that, by reducing the number of the Directors to two-thirds, one-third of their salaries could be saved and the allowances to those still employed, or in lieu thereof the existing pay, be so modified, according to the present condition of the Company that, they being satisfied with a tantum to be fixed by your High Mightinesses until the Company's revenues should sensibly increase, something additional might be again allowed them.

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS : IIL 241

la like manner the employes of the respective Chambers, such as store-keepers, shipcarpenters, cashiers, bookkeepers, clerks, doorkeepers, laborers, and more of the same description, who draw yearly wages from the Company, can, also, be considerably decreased, according as the business and administration of each Chamber may be thought to require. In all cases, in order to prevent excess, a certain reasonable sum should be allowed for each ninth part, not to be exceeded in any instance. The attention of the Chambers ought also be directed to the expenses of house rent, fire, light, office and similar minutias, which amount in the year to a considerable sum. When better order is introduced, a large amount can also be saved in clerkhire, traveling expenses, deputations to the Nineteen frequent and unnecessary ;

Assemblies of the XIX., especially, could be dispensed with, in case a general and permanent Board (whereof mention has been already made) were established, whose expenses would be sufficiently and abundantly economized, were it only in the matter of multitudinous deputations and fruitless meetings. The Company will be principally obliged to get rid of a portion of its ships, which, including cannon, stores, and appurtenances, amount to much more than chartered vessels; and in our opinion the Chambers would be sufficiently provided, were each ninth part to maintain two of its own ships and a yacht, and to hire the remainder at a fitting season.

Assemblies of the XIX., especially, could be dispensed with, in case a general and permanent Board (whereof mention has been already made) were established, whose expenses would be sufficiently and abundantly economized, were it only in the matter of multitudinous deputations and fruitless meetings. The Company will be principally obliged to get rid of a portion of its ships, which, including cannon, stores, and appurtenances, amount to much more than chartered vessels; and in our opinion the Chambers would be sufficiently provided, were each ninth part to maintain two of its own ships and a yacht, and to hire the remainder at a fitting season. In this way, also, ship yards, rope walks, and other appendages which drain several thousands yearly, could be got rid of. When, even on the other hand, the Company requires some first class ships, it will not be necessary that it should build them ; it can contract for them on suitable charter at the cheapest rate, and have the old ones repaired and fixed in the same way that private merchants are in the habit of doing. The factors introduced at Amsterdam by the outer Chambers, contrary to the 26"" article of the Charter, might be also dispensed with, as they draw salaries from those Chambers and pay private storage when the Company's stores at Amsterdam are large enough to accommodate their goods. Sufficient good understanding ought to exist among the respective Chambers

and Directors to induce the one to attend to the business of the other, as is customary with the East India Company. More precise recommendations on the point of Retrenchment in the several Chambers could be submitted, had they condescended to send us, pursuant to the order of the XIX. and to our letters, the ordinary and extraordinary expenses each has to bear in its own department but having never been able to prevail on the Chambers to furnish us with ;

and Directors to induce the one to attend to the business of the other, as is customary with the East India Company. More precise recommendations on the point of Retrenchment in the several Chambers could be submitted, had they condescended to send us, pursuant to the order of the XIX. and to our letters, the ordinary and extraordinary expenses each has to bear in its own department but having never been able to prevail on the Chambers to furnish us with ;

a correct account, we hope that each now feeling its own sore, will in future take better care to relieve itself from all unnecessary expense. In addition to the excessive salaries of some superior officers, which alone amount, according to a certain list, to more than ten thousand guilders per month, the Company is mainly burthened in Brazil by the great number of military, who on account of the rations they draw, in addition to their pay, are twice as expensive as soldiers in this country. There are a number of commissaries, assistants and other followers, hired and employed in disbursing the weekly rations and pay in divers garrisons, who by their frauds, estimates of leakage, and other sinister practices, swindle the Company of a considerable amount. The greater part of this could be saved, were the soldiers there paid in money, as we have more fully submitted to the XIX., and as would have been put into practice had not it been for the revolt and the cessation of the Company's incomes and domains in Brazil. But should the soldiers' wages and board be embodied in one sum, this could, in time, be diminished, and the soldiers receiving their

There are a number of commissaries, assistants and other followers, hired and employed in disbursing the weekly rations and pay in divers garrisons, who by their frauds, estimates of leakage, and other sinister practices, swindle the Company of a considerable amount. The greater part of this could be saved, were the soldiers there paid in money, as we have more fully submitted to the XIX., and as would have been put into practice had not it been for the revolt and the cessation of the Company's incomes and domains in Brazil. But should the soldiers' wages and board be embodied in one sum, this could, in time, be diminished, and the soldiers receiving their

Vol. T. 31

242 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS.

pay in cash, could go at their pleasure, to market, in the cheapest manner, and have less to complain of than now. What farther relates to Retrenchment in Brazil and the other conquests, must be particularly recommended to and enjoined on the supreme government and the directors of said districts, who, being on the spot, can attend better to all such matters which they ought, of themselves, to introduce, as by instruction they are obliged to do, and are personally bound to answer specially for all that is intrusted to them.

Third jjoiiit -- Of the Trade. Trade. Comiug HOW to the third point of trade and commerce ; the Company ought either to carry it on itself or allow private persons to prosecute it, since serious and lengthy disputes have arisen on the subject among the Chambers to the sensible deterioration of the Company. 'Twere well an end were at once put to these disputes, yet with such circumspection that, the trade being regulated for the present according to the actual condition of the conquests, might, in case of essential change therein, be hereafter modified according to the urgency of affairs.

Comiug HOW to the third point of trade and commerce ; the Company ought either to carry it on itself or allow private persons to prosecute it, since serious and lengthy disputes have arisen on the subject among the Chambers to the sensible deterioration of the Company. 'Twere well an end were at once put to these disputes, yet with such circumspection that, the trade being regulated for the present according to the actual condition of the conquests, might, in case of essential change therein, be hereafter modified according to the urgency of affairs. If now your High Mightinesses have to learn distinctly from the respective opinions of each

Chamber, the reasons they will produce in support of their pretension, nevertheless, to express our opinions in general terms and without prejudice to any Chamber, it appears to us, under correction, that exclusive of the West India islands and continent, which, up to the present time, have been always frequented by private traders according to certain regulations from your High Mightinesses and the commission of the respective Chambers granted for that purpose ;

the remaining places within the Charter where the Company maintains government, forts or quarters, ought to be considered under two divisions, some being of a nature not to demand any cultivation or population, affording simply trade others again, where the lands must ;

necessarily be first improved by agriculture and population if they are to render any return of moment. The first division includes all the places situate on the North Coast of Africa, from Cape Verde south unto Cape Lopes Gonsalvo, where hides, gum, wax, elephants' teeth, grains of paradise and chiefly Guinea gold are obtained in trade which wares are brought by Blacks ;

the remaining places within the Charter where the Company maintains government, forts or quarters, ought to be considered under two divisions, some being of a nature not to demand any cultivation or population, affording simply trade others again, where the lands must ;

necessarily be first improved by agriculture and population if they are to render any return of moment. The first division includes all the places situate on the North Coast of Africa, from Cape Verde south unto Cape Lopes Gonsalvo, where hides, gum, wax, elephants' teeth, grains of paradise and chiefly Guinea gold are obtained in trade which wares are brought by Blacks ;

from a distance in the interior, without the aid of cultivation, and trucked with a few commissaries stationed at posts and in vessels here and there. The Company can prosecute this trade as well as, yea, better than individuals (who injure each other by misrepresentations), especially were a certain capital or fund of money employed in it; were the cargoes bought in good order and sent off in due season, and the greatest economy observed in the fitting out of the ships. The XIX. adopted, heretofore, right good resolutions and orders on this subject and on that of the trade to the coast of Guinea, but owing either to inability or jealousy of the Chambers, they were not observed. That coast is, in consequence, much resorted to by foreign nations, so that if other arrangements be not, in a short time, adopted in the premises, it runs great risk of being wholly filched, or at least rendered unproductive for the Company. There is no other way to prevent this than to appropriate a certain cash capital and fund which ought to remain specially applied thereunto in the hands sufficient to carry on the trade,

That coast is, in consequence, much resorted to by foreign nations, so that if other arrangements be not, in a short time, adopted in the premises, it runs great risk of being wholly filched, or at least rendered unproductive for the Company. There is no other way to prevent this than to appropriate a certain cash capital and fund which ought to remain specially applied thereunto in the hands sufficient to carry on the trade,

of certain commissaries, or separate accounts kept of it, and all the profit of the trade divided among the Chambers, and the capital remain always undiminished. By this means the trade would be quickly reestablished and again attain vigor.

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HOLLAND DOCUMENTS: IlL 243

Respecting the separate trading posts at Argyn, Senegal, Cape Verde, Rio Gamliia and Sierra Leone, to wJTicli eacii Chamber now independentlyresorts with its own stores and ships, it has been, heretofore, sufficiently demonstrated to the XIX. that all those places had much better been combined and visited annually by a first class ship, in rotation, or otherwise, and at joint profit. By this means, a part of the unnecessary outfit can be dispensed with, and much jealousy obviated among the Chambers which do not participate in the separate trade. The Island of St. Thomas is indeed of a nature to derive more benefit from cultivation and raising of produce. Free access and unrestricted trade are considered suitable means to that end, although our people will not easily settle there on account of the insalubrity of the climate, and because the best and most productive spots are already sufficiently peopled and cultivated by Portuguese; so that nothing more remains than to take the sugars and other produce of these people and to supply them, in return, with all sorts of goods and necessaries, which do not yearly exceed one hundred thousand guilders.

Free access and unrestricted trade are considered suitable means to that end, although our people will not easily settle there on account of the insalubrity of the climate, and because the best and most productive spots are already sufficiently peopled and cultivated by Portuguese; so that nothing more remains than to take the sugars and other produce of these people and to supply them, in return, with all sorts of goods and necessaries, which do not yearly exceed one hundred thousand guilders. We should, therefore, be of opinion, that the trade may be properly carried on by the Company, the rather as the four ships going in turns from Guinea to St. Thomas could easily make the whole of their equipment with the sugar freights ; yet, in order not to constrain the inhabitants of said Island to give their sugars exclusively to the Company, and to take goods in return in payment, they could be allowed to consign the sugars, cottons, ginger, &c., to private merchants in this country, and to order goods from them in exchange upon Brazilian duties and freights but that must be ;

done exclusively in the Company's vessels for reasons before mentioned. Much question obtains just now as to whether the Angola trade ought to be reserved to the Company or thrown open to individuals. This is, in our opinion, as yet, premature, and cannot be absolutely decided at present, partly because it is not yet known, with certainty, what is the condition of things there at this moment, and whether the inland trade through the Portuguese is not altogether closed to private persons as well as to the Company. Secondly because Brazil is not yet recovered and reduced to order; according to the condition of which this entire trade must be mainly arranged.

This is, in our opinion, as yet, premature, and cannot be absolutely decided at present, partly because it is not yet known, with certainty, what is the condition of things there at this moment, and whether the inland trade through the Portuguese is not altogether closed to private persons as well as to the Company. Secondly because Brazil is not yet recovered and reduced to order; according to the condition of which this entire trade must be mainly arranged. Brazil being, with God's help, first recovered, and the cultivation of the soil, together with the establislimeut of so many ruined plantations (ingenhos) commenced, a large number of slaves would doubtless be immediately required there, especially as the Company, by success of arms, may yet reduce some of the Southern Captaincies of Brazil beyond the frontiers particular attention must then be paid that slaves be obtained at a reasonable price, otherwise the Seigniors of the plantations (ingenhos) and freemen might not be able to pay the cost of those they may require for farm work. Here it must now be taken into consideration, whether the Company itself ought to furnish allthe slaves in Brazil, either selling them for cash for as much as they may be worth, or giving them on credit to the inhabitants at a regular rate, payable in produce and sugar. Experience teaches that slaves, in consequence of the scarcity of money in Brazil, do not fetch as much cash as the Company expends in goods, outfit and freight inclusive; so that the maintenance of the garrisons in Angola is mostly become a charge to the Company, and in consequence of giving credit for the slaves, without getting prompt payment in sugars or other returns from Brazil, the Chambers have very suddenly ceased and abandoned the sending of new cargoes; for nofc-a ship has been sent thither by any of the Chambers now within the space of eighteen months.

Experience teaches that slaves, in consequence of the scarcity of money in Brazil, do not fetch as much cash as the Company expends in goods, outfit and freight inclusive; so that the maintenance of the garrisons in Angola is mostly become a charge to the Company, and in consequence of giving credit for the slaves, without getting prompt payment in sugars or other returns from Brazil, the Chambers have very suddenly ceased and abandoned the sending of new cargoes; for nofc-a ship has been sent thither by any of the Chambers now within the space of eighteen months. And though new capital were furnished for the purpose, there is no certainty that the Company would fare better in future, except yearly cargoes be again provided to be bartered

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244 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. in Guinea for two to three thousand slaves to be sold on their own account. The next means would be to open the Angola slave trade to individuals on these or similar conditions, to wit that they convey cargoes in their own ships to Loando St. Paulo, there to be exclianged for slaves either by their own factors or by the Portuguese traders who may resort thither under our obedience, and export those slaves with the Director's knowledge, upon certain duty and toll in their own ships to Brazil and even elsewhere, to be sold or credited there to the Seigniors of plantations. And were this means deemed useful not alone to relieve the Company henceforth from this disbursement and risk, but also to induce private individuals anew to hazard some more capital for the advancement of agriculture, and by the benefiting of one country through means of the other, furnisii the inhabitants and Traders with greater hope of profit; it is apparent that a greater number of slaves will be introduced by individual traders, who will spread themselves far and near, than has been as yet done by the Company, which has received only as many as the Blackamoors (Mouhierse) and the Portuguese brought them from Massangano, on which no certain calculation can be made ; consequently the duties and tolls for the support of the garrisons in Angola would produce more than the profit the Company could calculate on from so small a number of slaves as hath been traded for some time past.

And were this means deemed useful not alone to relieve the Company henceforth from this disbursement and risk, but also to induce private individuals anew to hazard some more capital for the advancement of agriculture, and by the benefiting of one country through means of the other, furnisii the inhabitants and Traders with greater hope of profit; it is apparent that a greater number of slaves will be introduced by individual traders, who will spread themselves far and near, than has been as yet done by the Company, which has received only as many as the Blackamoors (Mouhierse) and the Portuguese brought them from Massangano, on which no certain calculation can be made ; consequently the duties and tolls for the support of the garrisons in Angola would produce more than the profit the Company could calculate on from so small a number of slaves as hath been traded for some time past. The slave trade to Brazil being opened with the approbation of the Chambers, it is to be further considered, as slaves during the revolt in Brazil cannot command any especial sale there, whether it would not be better to permit their exportation directly from Angola or at least from Brazil, to other places on double duty.But besides other difficulties which manifest themselves in this point, itmust be borne in mind, that in case a way be once opened for slaves, where greater profits would be realized than in Brazil, then private traders will mostly take that course, and Brazil thus remain deprived of a due supply of slave labor on the abundance of which, however, the cultivation and prosperity of our conquest must depend. Also, whenever private traders could raise the price of slaves elsewhere, the merchants in Angola would begin to compete among each other and run up the price, and thus ruin all at once the trade at Brazil.

The slave trade to Brazil being opened with the approbation of the Chambers, it is to be further considered, as slaves during the revolt in Brazil cannot command any especial sale there, whether it would not be better to permit their exportation directly from Angola or at least from Brazil, to other places on double duty.But besides other difficulties which manifest themselves in this point, itmust be borne in mind, that in case a way be once opened for slaves, where greater profits would be realized than in Brazil, then private traders will mostly take that course, and Brazil thus remain deprived of a due supply of slave labor on the abundance of which, however, the cultivation and prosperity of our conquest must depend. Also, whenever private traders could raise the price of slaves elsewhere, the merchants in Angola would begin to compete among each other and run up the price, and thus ruin all at once the trade at Brazil. In order to contrive a middle course herein, it is submitted, whether the business could not be so regulated that the slave staple be provisionally established at Brazil, so that all private traders from Angola must first touch there, without being able to go directly elsewhere ; expose the slaves to sale at the Recifl^, or barter them with the Seigniors of the Plantations (Ingenios) and not be at liberty to export them so long as each slave, one with another, is worth twenty milreas or one hundred and fifty guilders cash, or so much more or less as the traders might with a reasonable profit be able to obtainacting thus, traders would, in the first place, have ;

In order to contrive a middle course herein, it is submitted, whether the business could not be so regulated that the slave staple be provisionally established at Brazil, so that all private traders from Angola must first touch there, without being able to go directly elsewhere ; expose the slaves to sale at the Recifl^, or barter them with the Seigniors of the Plantations (Ingenios) and not be at liberty to export them so long as each slave, one with another, is worth twenty milreas or one hundred and fifty guilders cash, or so much more or less as the traders might with a reasonable profit be able to obtainacting thus, traders would, in the first place, have ;

no inducement to enhance the market for slaves in Angola relying upon what tiiey should be able to sell them for in Brazil ; secondly, the inhabitants of Brazil would not be imposed on in the price, especially if such order were made in Brazil that Jobbers and Jews, who buy up the slaves for cash, should not sell thera on credit at a higher rate than one per cent a month, the slaves being hypothecated to them for the full amount. But whenever Brazil is supplied with slaves, or otherwise has no need of them, the remainder might be allowed, with the permission of the supreme government there, and on paying a reasonable toll, to be exported farther. By this means the slave trade which hath so long lain dormant, to the great damage of the Company, might by degrees be again revived ; Angola, independent of the Company's supplies, would be somewhat assisted by the trade of individual merchants ; the country be cultivated by freemen, who will settle there for the purpose of raising provisions and necessaries,

But whenever Brazil is supplied with slaves, or otherwise has no need of them, the remainder might be allowed, with the permission of the supreme government there, and on paying a reasonable toll, to be exported farther. By this means the slave trade which hath so long lain dormant, to the great damage of the Company, might by degrees be again revived ; Angola, independent of the Company's supplies, would be somewhat assisted by the trade of individual merchants ; the country be cultivated by freemen, who will settle there for the purpose of raising provisions and necessaries,

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS : IIL 245 and the tolls and duty on the slaves, can contribute somewhat to lessen the burthen of our Military there. Such at least might be allowed provisionally for some time, until the condition of affairs, whether in Brazil or elsewhere, otherwise demand. Coming now to the conquests of Brazil and New Netherland, it is notorious that all their profit and prosperity must proceed exclusively from the cultivation of the soil, and this cannot be better promoted than by population. It is, indeed, true that the supply and abundance of slaves,

by whom the tillage of the soil must be accomplished, obviates the necessity of a great number of people who would otherwise be required for Agriculture. Nevertheless, if slaves are to be properly treated, they must have their particular owners, each of whom undertakes colonies, plantations and farms according to his circumstances and means, and endeavors by slave labor to derive therefrom, either for immediate support or for exportation, whatever can be a source of profit. Population in Brazil can be promoted not only by pointing out for its support lands fit for cultivation, but the common people be induced to settle there especially, provided all necessaries which do not grow there, and must absolutely be brought from Fatherland, can be procured at a cheap rate there.

Nevertheless, if slaves are to be properly treated, they must have their particular owners, each of whom undertakes colonies, plantations and farms according to his circumstances and means, and endeavors by slave labor to derive therefrom, either for immediate support or for exportation, whatever can be a source of profit. Population in Brazil can be promoted not only by pointing out for its support lands fit for cultivation, but the common people be induced to settle there especially, provided all necessaries which do not grow there, and must absolutely be brought from Fatherland, can be procured at a cheap rate there. Moreover, those who have any means to establish plantations and colonies [^Inge?ihos'] must be encouraged as well by the concession of privileges for the Seigniors of the

colonies llngen/ios], exemption from tolls for some time, and other advantages, as, mainly, by the hope of profit they will realize by the improvement and barter of their products.Free trade will contribute, it is supposed, more to this end than exclusive commerce, especially as the former is regulated according to the merchant's greatest supply, and burthened with less charges than the Company's circumstances can at any time justify. The order hitherto observed in loading the goods of private traders in the Company's ships, hath given them occasion frequently to complain because several Chambers laying on three ships probably each time, ;

which do not sail before they are full, (a thing that sometimes takes a long while) merchants cannot make any calculation respecting the arrival of their goods at Brazil ; moreover, the Chambers whose turn it is to fit out ships, have frequently rejected goods of the greatest bulk and lowest duty, or left them lying a long time in store to the injury of the merchants, and sometimes the goods are not accommodated with storage, etc., in the Company's ships to the satisfaction of the merchants.

which do not sail before they are full, (a thing that sometimes takes a long while) merchants cannot make any calculation respecting the arrival of their goods at Brazil ; moreover, the Chambers whose turn it is to fit out ships, have frequently rejected goods of the greatest bulk and lowest duty, or left them lying a long time in store to the injury of the merchants, and sometimes the goods are not accommodated with storage, etc., in the Company's ships to the satisfaction of the merchants. But the excessive freights of exported merchandise and particularly imported sugars, have so burthened goods, that not only the inhabitants of Brazil must pay the highest price for every thing, but the traders of this country, unable to compete with other nations, are wholly excluded from the trade. These inconveniences ought by all means be remedied either by issuing an order that the ships taking turns (tourschepen), must hereafter be put up for a time certain ; for example, three to four weeks; and not being full in that time, must complete their loading with the Company's goods, and proceed to sea with the earliest fair wind no distinction being made ;

in receiving and accommodating goods, on condition that the receipt of the recognitions be equalized among, and effectively paid to, the other Chambers that the freights be ;

proportionably reduced to what the Company might take them in chartered ships. Otherwise, and if no better order be introduced among the alternating ships than has prevailed hitherto, private traders ought be allowed to prosecute the trade in their vessels, on a regulated plan, as proposed by the principal stockholders of Amsterdam and Zealand ; if, indeed, it is desirable that any merchant continue longer to trade to Brazil, when it is notorious, that the Company is not in a condition to supply of itself all the Brazilian necessaries for the support of so many thousand people in addition to those going to keep plantations (Ingenhos).

Otherwise, and if no better order be introduced among the alternating ships than has prevailed hitherto, private traders ought be allowed to prosecute the trade in their vessels, on a regulated plan, as proposed by the principal stockholders of Amsterdam and Zealand ; if, indeed, it is desirable that any merchant continue longer to trade to Brazil, when it is notorious, that the Company is not in a condition to supply of itself all the Brazilian necessaries for the support of so many thousand people in addition to those going to keep plantations (Ingenhos).

246 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. Should this throwing open the trade to private vessels be distasteful to some Chambers, in the supposition that the free course of trade which tends more to one place than to another, would prove prejudicial to Chambers and cities and diminish their freights, it is their submitted wliether, in such case, those Chambers would not be satisfied by allowing them to send more vessels to other districts, so that each member may enjoy its proper management, and the provinces the benefit of the trade which was allowed them respectively on the establishment of the Company. Respecting New Netherland That country is considered to be the most fruitful of all within :

your High Mightinesses' jurisdiction, and the best adapted to raise all sorts of this country produce, such as rye, wheat, barley, peas, beans, etc., and cattle; and that in more abundance than can be done here, were it suitably peopled and cultivated. The granting of Freedoms and Privileges, hath indeed induced some Patroons and Colonists to undertake agriculture there but as the produce cannot be sold any where except in the adjacent places ;

Respecting New Netherland That country is considered to be the most fruitful of all within :

your High Mightinesses' jurisdiction, and the best adapted to raise all sorts of this country produce, such as rye, wheat, barley, peas, beans, etc., and cattle; and that in more abundance than can be done here, were it suitably peopled and cultivated. The granting of Freedoms and Privileges, hath indeed induced some Patroons and Colonists to undertake agriculture there but as the produce cannot be sold any where except in the adjacent places ;

belonging to the English, who are themselves sufficiently supplied, those planters have not received a return for their labor and outlay. With a view, then, to give greater encouragement to agriculture, and consequently to population, we should consider it highly advantageous that a way be opened to allow them to export their produce even to Brazil, in their own vessels, under certain duties, and subject to the supervision both of the Director in New Netherland, and the Supreme Council in Brazil and to trade it off* there, and to carry slaves back in ;

return; which privilege of sailing with their own ships from New Netherland to Brazil, should be exclusively allowed to Patroons and Colonists, who promote the population in New Netherland, and not to the interlopers, who only carry goods to and fro, without attending to agriculture. By this means not only would Brazil be supplied with provisions at a cheaper rate, but New Netherland would by slave labor, be more extensively cultivated than it has hitherto been, because the agricultural laborers, who are conveyed thither at great expense to the Colonists, sooner or later apply themselves to trade, and neglect agriculture altogether. Slaves, on the other hand, being brought and maintained there at a cheap rate, various other descriptions of produce would be raised, and by their abundance be reduced in price, so as to allow, when occasion would offer, of their advantageous exportation hither and to other parts of Europe.

By this means not only would Brazil be supplied with provisions at a cheaper rate, but New Netherland would by slave labor, be more extensively cultivated than it has hitherto been, because the agricultural laborers, who are conveyed thither at great expense to the Colonists, sooner or later apply themselves to trade, and neglect agriculture altogether. Slaves, on the other hand, being brought and maintained there at a cheap rate, various other descriptions of produce would be raised, and by their abundance be reduced in price, so as to allow, when occasion would offer, of their advantageous exportation hither and to other parts of Europe. Thus having now treated of the three points of reform in the Company, referred to us by your High Mightinesses, to wit. Superintendence, Retrenchment and Trade, we shall add a few words on the subject of the Company's finances, or means of support; as without amendment herein, the preceding points can never be thoroughly introduced, nor put into practice by the respective Chambers; it being notorious, that a great portion of the abuses or •disorders in the Company, principally In the department of trade, proceeds from the want of means and scarcity of cash because each Chamber is under greater necessity to extricate itself ;

from embarrassment than to pay attention to the general interest. By this means the conquests of Guinea, St. Thomas and Angola, were not, sometimes since, properly supplied; yea more, they have been rather a burthen than a profit to the Company. The decline in the Company's finances is caused, among other things, by the heavy military force in Brazil ; especially during the war with the Portuguese. For this reason, the government of this country promised the Company, at the last augmentation of its capital, and on the issue of the Charter, to pay a yearly subsidy of seven tons of gold.

Thomas and Angola, were not, sometimes since, properly supplied; yea more, they have been rather a burthen than a profit to the Company. The decline in the Company's finances is caused, among other things, by the heavy military force in Brazil ; especially during the war with the Portuguese. For this reason, the government of this country promised the Company, at the last augmentation of its capital, and on the issue of the Charter, to pay a yearly subsidy of seven tons of gold. But Its payment not being forthcoming as promptly as the Company's circumstances demanded, the latter was

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS: III. 247 obliged to borrow a considerable sum, the interest whereof it must now daily pay, to its

serious embarrassment. It has happened, moreover, that since the outbreak in Brazil, all

the Tenths, Excise, Revenue and other Domains and Receipts, which might be applicable to the lessening of this charge, have wholly ceased, and few returns coming over, the current debts are also remarkably increased by the respective Chambers, so that it is impossible to continue business any longer in that country; much less to attend to the preservation and trade of the foreign possessions, unless the Company be succored by prompt means in cash. The stockholders, to all appearance, will not be induced to subscribe any thing additional before Brazil be recovered, and, as already stated, placed in its previous condition ; because it is the principal pledge on which their money has been invested ; and even though restored, no assurance can be given them, that the ancient difficulty would not hereafter return, so long as the burthen of the military continues to hang around their neck therefore, your High ;

The stockholders, to all appearance, will not be induced to subscribe any thing additional before Brazil be recovered, and, as already stated, placed in its previous condition ; because it is the principal pledge on which their money has been invested ; and even though restored, no assurance can be given them, that the ancient difficulty would not hereafter return, so long as the burthen of the military continues to hang around their neck therefore, your High ;

Mightinesses ought, above all things, vote the extraordinary aid for Brazil, as requested and already consented to by some provinces; and, consequently, after the accomplishment of the principal design in Brazil, reduce the military which are required there for the defence and maintenance of the garrisons in that quarter, to a smaller number, to be continued and supported at the public expense, at least until Brazil again recovers itself, and the excise and tenths and similar public revenues, produce sufficient to defray the military expenses. Should the inhabitants of Brazil, considered as the subjects of this State, receive in this way that protection and benefit from your High Mightinesses which they might enjoy in this country, freemen would be encouraged to settle down there quietly under your High Mightinesses' guardianship, and Brazil being riveted to this country, might not only afford trade and support for many thousand people in time of peace, but serve as a bulwark for the security of this State in time of war, and as a point from which the enemy in the vicinity of his West Indies could be harrassed and kept always more effectually in check. The fifteen tons of gold receivable from the East India Company would serve to stock Brazil and Angola with provisions, munitions of war, stores and general supplies, and lit out ships and yachts both for the conveyance thereof and the defence of the coasts.

Should the inhabitants of Brazil, considered as the subjects of this State, receive in this way that protection and benefit from your High Mightinesses which they might enjoy in this country, freemen would be encouraged to settle down there quietly under your High Mightinesses' guardianship, and Brazil being riveted to this country, might not only afford trade and support for many thousand people in time of peace, but serve as a bulwark for the security of this State in time of war, and as a point from which the enemy in the vicinity of his West Indies could be harrassed and kept always more effectually in check. The fifteen tons of gold receivable from the East India Company would serve to stock Brazil and Angola with provisions, munitions of war, stores and general supplies, and lit out ships and yachts both for the conveyance thereof and the defence of the coasts. For the payment of the salaries of the superior officers in Brazil, which amount, as before stated, to over ten thousand guilders per month, and of other additional officers in the respective Colonies, who might be placed to the account of the General Company, the Commissioners recently at the Hague voted and applied on the tenth of December, the revenue and duty from privateers and private jmerchantmen trading within the limits of the charter; with orders that the moneys received be consigned to this Board of Accounts, and that the preceding salaries be paid therefrom. But in consequence of divers obstacles on the part of some Chambers which would not willingly surrender the aforesaid revenue, wherewith they Endeavor to defray their particular expenses, the said order has not been yet obeyed, and thus the Board of Accounts is unable to satisfy the aforesaid superior officers, who will now transmit their bills by the first ships.

For the payment of the salaries of the superior officers in Brazil, which amount, as before stated, to over ten thousand guilders per month, and of other additional officers in the respective Colonies, who might be placed to the account of the General Company, the Commissioners recently at the Hague voted and applied on the tenth of December, the revenue and duty from privateers and private jmerchantmen trading within the limits of the charter; with orders that the moneys received be consigned to this Board of Accounts, and that the preceding salaries be paid therefrom. But in consequence of divers obstacles on the part of some Chambers which would not willingly surrender the aforesaid revenue, wherewith they Endeavor to defray their particular expenses, the said order has not been yet obeyed, and thus the Board of Accounts is unable to satisfy the aforesaid superior officers, who will now transmit their bills by the first ships. It would therefore be highly necessary that your High Mightinesses

issue orders for the prompt execution of the resolutions adopted by the Chambers, so that the General Company may experience the benefit thereof, in the lessening of their common burthens. As regards the remaining charges, such as the current debts of the respective Chambers, the yearly interest of money in deposit, the accounts payable to those returning home from all quarters, and other expenses accruing in this country, we see no means applicable thereunto, as the Company's effects are very few, or none, and the respective conquests are destroyed, or so

issue orders for the prompt execution of the resolutions adopted by the Chambers, so that the General Company may experience the benefit thereof, in the lessening of their common burthens. As regards the remaining charges, such as the current debts of the respective Chambers, the yearly interest of money in deposit, the accounts payable to those returning home from all quarters, and other expenses accruing in this country, we see no means applicable thereunto, as the Company's effects are very few, or none, and the respective conquests are destroyed, or so

248 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. reduced in matter of trade that little or no returns are to be expected from them. In addition to this, new capital is demanded for the reestablishment of and trading to the North coast of Africa, St. Thomas, and adjacentcommercial posts, on the supposition that Angola be thrown open to private which otherwise would require a heavy capital. Before being traders, encouraged by the vigorous aid of the government, it ought to be determined whether the stockholders could not be disposed to do something on their part, and to furnish a new subscription or capital loan of ten (^ twelve per cent, payable periodically or in instalments. Of this loan a million ought to be voted and appropriated to the aforesaid trade to Guinea, St. Thomas and adjacent places, in order first, to provide these posts with all sorts of cargoes,

and to exclude therefrom the English and foreign nations, and, further, to defray out of that fund the provisioning and establishment of the coast and the outfit of the ships. Whatever may remain from the aforesaid new subscription, ought to be applied to the liquidation of the most urgent debts and incumbrances, which cannot be "deferred. In case the Company be further aided by a subsidy, and somewhat relieved by your High Mightinesses, at least until its returns produce sufficient for the payment of the interest of the moneys on deposit, which, as above stated, were taken up in consequence of the subsidy in arrear, 'tis confidently to be

Whatever may remain from the aforesaid new subscription, ought to be applied to the liquidation of the most urgent debts and incumbrances, which cannot be "deferred. In case the Company be further aided by a subsidy, and somewhat relieved by your High Mightinesses, at least until its returns produce sufficient for the payment of the interest of the moneys on deposit, which, as above stated, were taken up in consequence of the subsidy in arrear, 'tis confidently to be

hoped that affairs, both at home and abroad, may, through (Jod's blessing, he again established, and the respective conquests brought by degrees into a flourishing condition, in order that they may be able hereafter, not only materially to reduce the Company's yearly incumbrances, but bring forth some fruit to the stockholders, to indemnify them for so much sunk capital. Thus done and drawn up by the Commissioners in the Board of Accounts of the General Incorporated West India Company at Amsterdam, this 19"" April, Sixteen hundred and forty-seven. (Signed) J. Blommaekt M. Alttngh.

Resolution of the States General, referring the precedi7ig Papers.

[ From the Register of West India affairs, 1633 -- 1651, in the Koyal Archives at the Hague.]

Thursday, ix"" April, 1648.

jochu^''" ^iMeters "^'^^ additional petition presented, with divers papers annexed, to their High cuyte^r and Cornelia Mightinesses, in the name and on behalf of Jochum Pieters' Cuyter and Cornells Melyn is, after previous consideration, placed in the hands of the Mess" van der Capelle the Ryssel, and others their High Mightinesses' Deputies for the affairs concerning the Redress of the Decline of the West India Company, to inspect, examine and to look into the past proceedings thereupon, and to report on the whole with power to their High Mightinesses' Deputies who may be present, to proceed to business in the absence of one or the other of the committee ; to progress therein and to terminate the same.

jochu^''" ^iMeters "^'^^ additional petition presented, with divers papers annexed, to their High cuyte^r and Cornelia Mightinesses, in the name and on behalf of Jochum Pieters' Cuyter and Cornells Melyn is, after previous consideration, placed in the hands of the Mess" van der Capelle the Ryssel, and others their High Mightinesses' Deputies for the affairs concerning the Redress of the Decline of the West India Company, to inspect, examine and to look into the past proceedings thereupon, and to report on the whole with power to their High Mightinesses' Deputies who may be present, to proceed to business in the absence of one or the other of the committee ; to progress therein and to terminate the same.

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS: IIL 249

Resolution of the States General permitting Messrs. Cuyter and Melyn to return to New Netherland. [From the Register of West India Affairs, 168S-- 1651, in the Eoyal Archives at the Hague.]

Tuesday, 2S* April, 1648. '^^^ Fcport of Mess" van A&Y Capelle tho Ryssel and the other their High jochinTpeterss, Cay- ^^"""""^ Melyn.*'"' iV'ightlnesses' Deputies, who, pursuant to their High Mightinesses' resolutions of the 11 January last, and the 9"" instant, inspected and examined the respective petitions presented to their High Mightinesses in the name and on the behalf of Jochim Pieters' Cuyter and Cornelis Melyn, together with the papers thereunto annexed, being heard: It is after previous deliberation, resolved and concluded to grant the petitioners, hereby, provisional appeal, with the clause suspending the respective sentences pronouced against them on 25th Pr stuyvesant. July, of the year 1647, by Peter Stuyvesant, Director of New Netherland, in the Mandamus. West Indies, with the advice of his Council ; and the petitioners are further allowed and granted liberty to return to New Netherland aforesaid, and free and unmolested to use and enjoy their property there, the same as other Colonists and inhabitants, pending the case in appeal; and letters shall be addressed to the present commander and mutatis mutandis, to the government there, that they leave the parties unmolested and in the enjoyment of their High Mightinesses' resolution ; with this understanding that this shall not be drawn into precedent, to the prejudice of the charter granted to the West India Company of this country.

West Indies, with the advice of his Council ; and the petitioners are further allowed and granted liberty to return to New Netherland aforesaid, and free and unmolested to use and enjoy their property there, the same as other Colonists and inhabitants, pending the case in appeal; and letters shall be addressed to the present commander and mutatis mutandis, to the government there, that they leave the parties unmolested and in the enjoyment of their High Mightinesses' resolution ; with this understanding that this shall not be drawn into precedent, to the prejudice of the charter granted to the West India Company of this country.

States General to Director Stuyvesant.

[From the BegUter of TJUgegant Brieven of the States 0eneral, in the Royal Archives at the Hague.]

To the Director in New Netherland, 28"" April, 1648, and mutatis mutandis to the government in New Netherland.

The States General, &c. Folio 88. Honorable, &c. We have this day heard and considered the report of Mess" our Deputies, who, pursuant to our previous resolutions of the xi January last, and of the 9"" instant, have investigated and examined the several petitions presented unto us, in the name and on the behalf of Jochum Pieters Cuyter and Cornelis Melyn Cuyter and Melyn. also the papers thereunto ;

annexed; and after previous deliberation have, consequently, granted the petitioners provision of appeal, with the clause suspending the respective sentences pronounced against them, on the 24 July, of the year 1647, with the advice of his Council, by Peter Stuyvesant, Director of New Netherland, within the limits of the West India Company and We have, moreover, ;

We have this day heard and considered the report of Mess" our Deputies, who, pursuant to our previous resolutions of the xi January last, and of the 9"" instant, have investigated and examined the several petitions presented unto us, in the name and on the behalf of Jochum Pieters Cuyter and Cornelis Melyn Cuyter and Melyn. also the papers thereunto ;

annexed; and after previous deliberation have, consequently, granted the petitioners provision of appeal, with the clause suspending the respective sentences pronounced against them, on the 24 July, of the year 1647, with the advice of his Council, by Peter Stuyvesant, Director of New Netherland, within the limits of the West India Company and We have, moreover, ;

granted to and allowed the petitioners liberty, pending the case in appeal, to return hence to New Netherland aforesaid, and free and unmolested to enjoy and use their property there, the same as other Colonists and inhabitants ; of all which We have resolved hereby to advise Vol. T. 32

250 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS.

you, and to you, that you shall allow the aforesaid petitioners to act order and charge unmolested and peaceably to enjoy the full effect of these, Our good designs and intentions, without failing in any way therein. Done 28"" April, 1648.

Mandamus in Case of the Appeal of Messrs. Ciiyter and Alelyn. [From the AcU-boek of the States General, In the Eoyal Archirea at the Hague. ]

Mandamus in case of appeal with suspensory clause for Jochem Pietersz Cuyter and Cornells Melyn, inhabitants of New Netherland.

you, and to you, that you shall allow the aforesaid petitioners to act order and charge unmolested and peaceably to enjoy the full effect of these, Our good designs and intentions, without failing in any way therein. Done 28"" April, 1648.

Mandamus in Case of the Appeal of Messrs. Ciiyter and Alelyn. [From the AcU-boek of the States General, In the Eoyal Archirea at the Hague. ]

Mandamus in case of appeal with suspensory clause for Jochem Pietersz Cuyter and Cornells Melyn, inhabitants of New Netherland.

Folio 574.The States General of the United Netherlands to the first marshal or messenger hereunto requested, who is qualified to act. Health. Know Ye, that We have received the humble petition presented unto Us, by and on behalf of Jochim Pietersz Cuyter and Cornells Melyn, setting forth that they, the petitioners, had, by permission and leave of the Assembly of the Nineteen, of the General West India Company, transported themselves in the year One thousand six hundred and thirty-nine, with wives and children, and the means of private citizens, besides a large stock of cattle from this country into New Netherland, so that they, the petitioners, had in the year 1643, after a heavy outlay, much trouble and indescribable labor, brought into good order their lands, houses and other improvements, which they were obliged to abandon in the year aforesaid, in consequence of the war that Director Kieft illegally and contrary to all public Law, had commenced against the Indians or inhabitants of New Netherland, and have accordingly lost all their property; wherefore the petitioners, together with the other six chosen men resolved, in the name of the unanimous Commonalty in New Netherland, and sent over by the Blue Cock in the year 1644, their complaints on this point in two letters to the Assembly of the Nineteen, and to the Directors in Amsterdam.

Know Ye, that We have received the humble petition presented unto Us, by and on behalf of Jochim Pietersz Cuyter and Cornells Melyn, setting forth that they, the petitioners, had, by permission and leave of the Assembly of the Nineteen, of the General West India Company, transported themselves in the year One thousand six hundred and thirty-nine, with wives and children, and the means of private citizens, besides a large stock of cattle from this country into New Netherland, so that they, the petitioners, had in the year 1643, after a heavy outlay, much trouble and indescribable labor, brought into good order their lands, houses and other improvements, which they were obliged to abandon in the year aforesaid, in consequence of the war that Director Kieft illegally and contrary to all public Law, had commenced against the Indians or inhabitants of New Netherland, and have accordingly lost all their property; wherefore the petitioners, together with the other six chosen men resolved, in the name of the unanimous Commonalty in New Netherland, and sent over by the Blue Cock in the year 1644, their complaints on this point in two letters to the Assembly of the Nineteen, and to the Directors in Amsterdam. The mischiefs which followed this deed of murder, massacre and other additional abominations, that Director Kieft, of his own motion, permitted at the time to be perpetrated on the innocent and guiltless Indians, which must startle the Christian heart that hears of them, may be fully seen in the original letter to the Nineteen.' The Eight chosen men were not aware that they had, in thus acting, committed any offence, but hoped that the most favorable construction would be placed on it by the Directors, who, however, the petitioners find did, on the contrary, take the letter in the worst part, and accordingly sent it by the new Director Stuyvesant, back to New Netherland to Director Kieft.

The mischiefs which followed this deed of murder, massacre and other additional abominations, that Director Kieft, of his own motion, permitted at the time to be perpetrated on the innocent and guiltless Indians, which must startle the Christian heart that hears of them, may be fully seen in the original letter to the Nineteen.' The Eight chosen men were not aware that they had, in thus acting, committed any offence, but hoped that the most favorable construction would be placed on it by the Directors, who, however, the petitioners find did, on the contrary, take the letter in the worst part, and accordingly sent it by the new Director Stuyvesant, back to New Netherland to Director Kieft. The consequence of this was, that the aforesaid Kieft determined to proceed very severely against the Eight chosen men, especially against both the Petitioners, and had them prosecuted by the Fiscal, so that Director Stuyvesant, to gratify the aforesaid Kieft, hath banished the petitioners for some years from the country as they would not contradict the truth, and persisted in their previous writings. The Petitioners then turned unto Us, requesting, imploring, praying, for God's sake, that We would please to protect them in their rights, that they may be able to return to their poor, desolate wives and children, and be established in their previous condition on their lands, and in case the

'Supra, p. 100. -- Ed.

;

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS : IIL 251

Petitioners have given offence by any improper papers, tending to injure New Netheriand or tiie pulilic vpeal (wiiich they in no way desired), they submit themselves here to such punishment as We shall find appropriate; but it will appear, on the contrary, that the Petitioners had no other aim in their writings than the promotion of the public good and the wished for peace in New Netheriand, and the removal of the inhuman cruelties, tyranny and misgovernment which the servants of the West India Company, and especially Director Kieft, inflicted from time to time on the Natives of New Netheriand; the consequence whereof is,

Petitioners have given offence by any improper papers, tending to injure New Netheriand or tiie pulilic vpeal (wiiich they in no way desired), they submit themselves here to such punishment as We shall find appropriate; but it will appear, on the contrary, that the Petitioners had no other aim in their writings than the promotion of the public good and the wished for peace in New Netheriand, and the removal of the inhuman cruelties, tyranny and misgovernment which the servants of the West India Company, and especially Director Kieft, inflicted from time to time on the Natives of New Netheriand; the consequence whereof is,

that by these barbarous proceedings, the country is wholly prostrate, the settlers hunted, their lands laid waste, the bouweries and plantations, to the number of 50 or 60 burnt and laid in ashes, and what is worst of all, the Dutch name is through those cruel acts, despised to a most sovereign degree, by the Heathens of those parts: And whenever the poor inhabitants complained to the supreme government of these harsh doings, they were so persecuted by the Directors there, that the Dutch, in course of time, abandoned the country, and little more than one hundred men, besides private traders, are found there at this day. It is therefore much to

be apprehended, that the English will endeavor in time, to become masters of it, for they, of late years, have come near unto the Dutch, and within fifteen years have increased in New England to fifty or sixty thousand souls, who have now already got a smack of the productiveness and of the convenient navigable rivers of Our New Netheriand. The Petitioners, then, earnestly imploring that this, their humble petition, may by Us be taken into consideration, and they be granted their reasonable and fair request, which, also, the Assembly of the Nineteen itself promisedin their charter of 1630, to all Patroons and free inhabitants: seeing which, We, therefore, request and command you, who are hereby deputed hereunto, to summon, in Our name, at the request of the aforesaid Petitioners, the above named Director Stuyvesant, and those of the government in New Netheriand aforesaid, with all others required, to come and appear, or send attorneys, on a suitable day, to sustain and defend the aforesaid sentences and the tenor thereof before Us, here at the Hague, or to renounce the same if they think proper to see and hear the same adjudged null, void, and of no effect, and accordingly, legally to amend and correct them according to law, if such be right, on such application as the Petitioners, on the day appointed, shall present, in order, parties being heard, the Petitioners may by Us, be provided with such remedy of justice, and also of grace if necessary, as shall be found pertinent and applicable to the case.

The Petitioners, then, earnestly imploring that this, their humble petition, may by Us be taken into consideration, and they be granted their reasonable and fair request, which, also, the Assembly of the Nineteen itself promisedin their charter of 1630, to all Patroons and free inhabitants: seeing which, We, therefore, request and command you, who are hereby deputed hereunto, to summon, in Our name, at the request of the aforesaid Petitioners, the above named Director Stuyvesant, and those of the government in New Netheriand aforesaid, with all others required, to come and appear, or send attorneys, on a suitable day, to sustain and defend the aforesaid sentences and the tenor thereof before Us, here at the Hague, or to renounce the same if they think proper to see and hear the same adjudged null, void, and of no effect, and accordingly, legally to amend and correct them according to law, if such be right, on such application as the Petitioners, on the day appointed, shall present, in order, parties being heard, the Petitioners may by Us, be provided with such remedy of justice, and also of grace if necessary, as shall be found pertinent and applicable to the case. Moreover, right stricly forbidding and commanding in Our behalf, on certain heavy penalties, the aforesaid defendants, and all others whom it may concern, that pending the matter in appeal, they neither do attempt, nor innovate any thing against the aforesaid Appellants, but, on the contrary, if any thing be done, attempted or innovated, that they immediately and without hesitation repair it, and place it in its first and proper position. Leaving copy hereof and of your summons for the behoof of the Defendants, and reporting to Us, on the day aforesaid, what you shall have done herein. Given in the Hague, on the twenty-eighth day of April, XVI' and forty-eight.

Moreover, right stricly forbidding and commanding in Our behalf, on certain heavy penalties, the aforesaid defendants, and all others whom it may concern, that pending the matter in appeal, they neither do attempt, nor innovate any thing against the aforesaid Appellants, but, on the contrary, if any thing be done, attempted or innovated, that they immediately and without hesitation repair it, and place it in its first and proper position. Leaving copy hereof and of your summons for the behoof of the Defendants, and reporting to Us, on the day aforesaid, what you shall have done herein. Given in the Hague, on the twenty-eighth day of April, XVI' and forty-eight.

252 NEW-YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS.

Resolution of the States General approving the preceding Mandamus.

[ From the Kegister of West India Affairs, 1688--165), in the Royal Archives at the Hagne. ]

Thursday, 30'" April, 1648. The draft of the Maiidamus in the case of appeal prepared by order of their cuyier and Meiyn.

High Mightinesses in behalf of Jochum Pieters' Cuyter and Cornells Melyn being read to the Assembly, it is, after previous deliberation, held as enacted, and it is further ordered to be dispatched and issued.

Mesolution of the States General to grant Safeguard to Messrs. Cuyter and

[From the Register of West India Affairs, 1633--1651, in the Royal Archives at the Hague. ]

Wednesday, 6"" May, 1648. A certain other petition presented to their High Mightinesses in the name and Cuyter and Cornells Melyn, their High Mightinesses' subjects and inhabitants in New Netherland, is read to the Assembly, Mandamus. Setting forth, that their High Mightinesses were pleased on the 28"" April last, to grant them, the petitioners, a Mandamus in case of appeal, with the clause suspending the sentence which Peter Stuyvesant, Director of New Netherland under the West India Company, with the advice of his Council, pronounced against them on the 25"" July, 1647, and that their High Mightinesses, in addition, have granted them, the petitioners, liberty, pending the case in appeal, to return hence to New Netherland aforesaid, and use and enjoy their property there free and unmolested, the same as other colonists and inhabitants.

Setting forth, that their High Mightinesses were pleased on the 28"" April last, to grant them, the petitioners, a Mandamus in case of appeal, with the clause suspending the sentence which Peter Stuyvesant, Director of New Netherland under the West India Company, with the advice of his Council, pronounced against them on the 25"" July, 1647, and that their High Mightinesses, in addition, have granted them, the petitioners, liberty, pending the case in appeal, to return hence to New Netherland aforesaid, and use and enjoy their property there free and unmolested, the same as other colonists and inhabitants. They, the Petitioners, praying their High Mightinesses to be pleased to extend their favor further, so far as to advise the Assembly of the XIX. thereof, or in its absence, the presiding Chamber of the West India Company; and further, to grant them, the petitioners, Acte ad omnes Populos, and particularly to those directly or indirectly under the jurisdiction of this State, so that tliey, the Petitioners may, with the one and the other, enjoy the effect of their High Mightinesses' kindness and favorable resolution. Whereupon deliberation being had, it is resolved and concluded, that agreeably to the Petitioners' request the aforesaid concession shall be notified to the aforesaid Assembly of the Nineteen, or in their absence to the presiding Chamber of the said Company; and to them, the Petitioners, shall be forthwith issued, Acte ad omnes Populos, and particularly to all those who, directly or indirectly, are under the jurisdiction of this State; so that the aforementioned Petitioners, both one and the other, may enjoy the effect of their High Mightinesses' resolution and concession aforesaid. And the aforesaid Mandamus shall be enlarged, as it is hereby enlarged thus far, to wit: that the said Mandamus shall be served not only by a messenger, marshal or notary, but by such other person, whether public or private, as they, the Petitioners, jointly or severally may accept and empower.

Whereupon deliberation being had, it is resolved and concluded, that agreeably to the Petitioners' request the aforesaid concession shall be notified to the aforesaid Assembly of the Nineteen, or in their absence to the presiding Chamber of the said Company; and to them, the Petitioners, shall be forthwith issued, Acte ad omnes Populos, and particularly to all those who, directly or indirectly, are under the jurisdiction of this State; so that the aforementioned Petitioners, both one and the other, may enjoy the effect of their High Mightinesses' resolution and concession aforesaid. And the aforesaid Mandamus shall be enlarged, as it is hereby enlarged thus far, to wit: that the said Mandamus shall be served not only by a messenger, marshal or notary, but by such other person, whether public or private, as they, the Petitioners, jointly or severally may accept and empower.

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS: III. 253

Passport to Messrs. Cuyter and Melyn to return to New Neiherland. [ From the Acte-ioek of the States General, in the Eoyal Arcfaires at the Hagne. ]

Act ad omnes Populos for Jocheni Pietersz Cuyter and Cornelis Melyn, inhabitants of New Netherland.

Folio 277. Tlie States General of the United Netherlands. To all those who shall see or hear these read, Health : Be it Known, Whereas, We, on the 28"" April last, did grant unto Joachim Pietersz Cuyter and Cornelis Melyn provision of appeal with the clause of inhibition (according to the Letters thereof issued) from the respective sentences which Peter Stuyvesant, Director of New Netherland, in the West Indies, with the advice of his Council, pronounced against them on the 25"" July, of the year 1647 and have, moreover, accorded and granted ;

To all those who shall see or hear these read, Health : Be it Known, Whereas, We, on the 28"" April last, did grant unto Joachim Pietersz Cuyter and Cornelis Melyn provision of appeal with the clause of inhibition (according to the Letters thereof issued) from the respective sentences which Peter Stuyvesant, Director of New Netherland, in the West Indies, with the advice of his Council, pronounced against them on the 25"" July, of the year 1647 and have, moreover, accorded and granted ;

liberty to the Petitioners, pending the case in appeal, to return to New Netherland aforesaid, and there enjoy and make use of their property free and unmolested, the same as other Colonists and inhabitants ; We, therefore, request all Kings, Princes, Potentates, Republics, Parliaments, States and Deputies, being with Us and these United Netherlands in friendship, alliance and neutrality; also, their admirals, lieutenants and vice admirals, captains and commanders to allow said Joachim Pietersz Cuyter and Cornelis Melyn to prosecute their voyage to New Netherland aforesaid, they being inhabitants and subjects of this State, and We shall on that account be and remain at all times, disposed, such to reciprocate towards the

illustrious Kings, Princes, Potentates, the high and honored Republics, Parliaments, States and Deputies and to acknowledge towards the aforesaid their admirals, lieutenants and vice-admirals, and captains, and likewise towards their inhabitants and subjects on all occurring occasions. We further charge and command all admirals, lieutenants and vice-admirals, captains, lieutenants, commanders and common soldiers and sailors, being directly in Our service, and in that of the General Incorporated West India Company of this country to afford and lend to the afore-named Joachim Pietersz. Cuyter and Cornelis Melyn in the prosecution of their aforesaid voyage to New Netherland, all help, assistance and address, and to this end to convey and transport them as passengers, and at their own cost, in the respective ships under their comnaand, if by them thereunto requested; also, to land them whereseover the aforesaid ships

We further charge and command all admirals, lieutenants and vice-admirals, captains, lieutenants, commanders and common soldiers and sailors, being directly in Our service, and in that of the General Incorporated West India Company of this country to afford and lend to the afore-named Joachim Pietersz. Cuyter and Cornelis Melyn in the prosecution of their aforesaid voyage to New Netherland, all help, assistance and address, and to this end to convey and transport them as passengers, and at their own cost, in the respective ships under their comnaand, if by them thereunto requested; also, to land them whereseover the aforesaid ships

shall have designed to go and their voyage lies, on pain, of acting contrariwise, of incurring Our highest indignation, for such We have found expedient. Given at the Hague in Our Assembly, under Our Seal, paraph and the Signature of our Greffier, on the vi. May, 164S.

Resolution of the States General on the Treaties, cfec, entered into ly the West India Company.

[ From the Begiater of Weit India affain, 163S -- 1651, in the Bojral Archives at the Hague. ]

Thursday, 27"» August, 1648. Folio 424. In fulfillment of their High Mightinesses' resolution of the 14"" instant, and the letters of the Amsterdam Chamber of the West India Company consequent thereupon,

254 NEW-YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. Copies of autheniio Directof de Laet delivered unto the Assembly authentic copies of such treaties, treaties, ponlracts,

Princes^and Pmelf' contracts and capitulations as the said West India Company hath made and ^^^'- concluded with the Kings, Princes and Potentates within the limits of their Charter. Whereupon deliberation being had, it is resolved and concluded that the aforesaid authentic copies be locked up and preserved.

In fulfillment of their High Mightinesses' resolution of the 14"" instant, and the letters of the Amsterdam Chamber of the West India Company consequent thereupon,

254 NEW-YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. Copies of autheniio Directof de Laet delivered unto the Assembly authentic copies of such treaties, treaties, ponlracts,

Princes^and Pmelf' contracts and capitulations as the said West India Company hath made and ^^^'- concluded with the Kings, Princes and Potentates within the limits of their Charter. Whereupon deliberation being had, it is resolved and concluded that the aforesaid authentic copies be locked up and preserved.

Resolution of the States General on the Petition of the Guardians of Johannes van Rensselaer. [ From the Register of West India affairs, 1C85--1651, in the Eoyal Archives at the Hague.]

Wednesday, 21=' October, 1648. Folio 481. 'Yhe, petition of the guardians of Johan van Renselaer, minor son of Kiliaen ^an^jjinseiaer'!"''^'' vau Reuselaer, being read to the Assembly. It is, after previous deliberation, resolved and concluded that it be placed, with the papers annexed, in the hands of the Mr. van Renswoude, to inspect, examine and report thereupon; and this resolution shall be made public without reconsideration.

Resolution of the States General on the Report in the case of Johannes van Rensselaer.

[ From the Register of West India affairs, 1633--1651, in the Eoyal Archives at the Hagae.]

Thursday, 22 October, 1648. Folio 431. Having heard the report of Mr. van Reinswoude who, in virtue of their "High Mightinesses' order yesterday, inspected and examined the petition, with the papers thereunto annexed, presented on the same day to their High Mightinesses, in the name and on behalf of Ta"nEenseia"°''^° ^^^ guardians of Johan van Renselaer, minor son of deceased Kiliaen van

[ From the Register of West India affairs, 1633--1651, in the Eoyal Archives at the Hagae.]

Thursday, 22 October, 1648. Folio 431. Having heard the report of Mr. van Reinswoude who, in virtue of their "High Mightinesses' order yesterday, inspected and examined the petition, with the papers thereunto annexed, presented on the same day to their High Mightinesses, in the name and on behalf of Ta"nEenseia"°''^° ^^^ guardians of Johan van Renselaer, minor son of deceased Kiliaen van

Eenseiaors Wyck. Reuselaer, for Letters of Investiture of High, Middle and Low Jurisdiction over the Colonic situate in New Netherland and called Renselaers Wyck. It is, after previous deliberation, resolved and concluded to hereby thank the said Mr. van Reinswoude for and on account of the trouble taken by him in the aforesaid but before proceeding finally in the ;

matter, it is and determined that copy of the aforesaid petition, as well as of resolved the papers thereunto annexed, be transmitted to the Assembly of the XIX. of the West India Company, at present convened in Amsterdam, in order to understand from it, without delay, whether it have any valid objections against the aforesaid investiture, and to communicate the same to them in the speediest manner. And the petitioners are, meanwhile, esteemed diligent.

.

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS : IIL 255

Amsterdam Chamber of the West India Company to the S'ates General.

[ From the Original, in Ihe Koyal ArchiTes at the Hagae ; File, West Indit,']

To the High and Mighty Lords States General of the United Netherlands.

matter, it is and determined that copy of the aforesaid petition, as well as of resolved the papers thereunto annexed, be transmitted to the Assembly of the XIX. of the West India Company, at present convened in Amsterdam, in order to understand from it, without delay, whether it have any valid objections against the aforesaid investiture, and to communicate the same to them in the speediest manner. And the petitioners are, meanwhile, esteemed diligent.

.

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS : IIL 255

Amsterdam Chamber of the West India Company to the S'ates General.

[ From the Original, in Ihe Koyal ArchiTes at the Hagae ; File, West Indit,']

To the High and Mighty Lords States General of the United Netherlands.

High and Mighty Lords. The Directors of the Incorporated West India Company at the Amsterdam Chamber having received your High Mightinesses' letter of the SO"" October last with the copy of the petition presented on the same day to your High Mightinesses, by or on behalf of Jacob Tafyn, they state for information thereupon, that they have received advices by letter from Director Petrus Stuvesant, written in Fort Amsterdam in New Netherland, on the 5"" of August last, that a Spanish bark, burthen about 70 to 80 lasts, had been sent in there, laden with hides, and captured by the yacht the Cat conveying some horses from the Island of Cura9ao to the Caribbean Islands, a portion of which aforesaid hides the said Director had sold there, and would send the remainder, amounting to about 2000, to this country, as was subsequently done. And as the aforesaid prize, according to the law of Nations and the treaty of peace concluded between this State and the King of Spain, is without any gainsay, well and duly sent in without the Company being able, or bound, to know whose property any of the ;

The Directors of the Incorporated West India Company at the Amsterdam Chamber having received your High Mightinesses' letter of the SO"" October last with the copy of the petition presented on the same day to your High Mightinesses, by or on behalf of Jacob Tafyn, they state for information thereupon, that they have received advices by letter from Director Petrus Stuvesant, written in Fort Amsterdam in New Netherland, on the 5"" of August last, that a Spanish bark, burthen about 70 to 80 lasts, had been sent in there, laden with hides, and captured by the yacht the Cat conveying some horses from the Island of Cura9ao to the Caribbean Islands, a portion of which aforesaid hides the said Director had sold there, and would send the remainder, amounting to about 2000, to this country, as was subsequently done. And as the aforesaid prize, according to the law of Nations and the treaty of peace concluded between this State and the King of Spain, is without any gainsay, well and duly sent in without the Company being able, or bound, to know whose property any of the ;

freighted goods were which, however, by means of that prohibited ship also were rendered contraband. The above named Directors, pursuant to the Company's order, therefore considered themselves to be warranted to take the benefit of, and to sell the aforesaid goods sent over to this country. Then having remarked by the aforesaid letter that your High Mightinesses had provisionally staid the aforesaid sale, we have deemed it expedient, in addition to the present information and in consideration thereof, humbly to solicit your High Mightinesses, that we be at liberty to proceed, on the day appointed by the notices and of which the merchants are now advised, with the aforesaid sale, and to benefit the most advantageously by the goods; the rather, inasmuch as the said Tafyn or any one else who might pretend a claim thereupon, which however cannot be, can and shall retain as much right to the moneys proceeding from the aforesaid sale, as he hath had to the aforesaid property.

Then having remarked by the aforesaid letter that your High Mightinesses had provisionally staid the aforesaid sale, we have deemed it expedient, in addition to the present information and in consideration thereof, humbly to solicit your High Mightinesses, that we be at liberty to proceed, on the day appointed by the notices and of which the merchants are now advised, with the aforesaid sale, and to benefit the most advantageously by the goods; the rather, inasmuch as the said Tafyn or any one else who might pretend a claim thereupon, which however cannot be, can and shall retain as much right to the moneys proceeding from the aforesaid sale, as he hath had to the aforesaid property. Which doing, etc.

Presented in the name of the Directors of the West India Company at Amsterdam, the 6"> November, 1648. ( Signed ) Gvsbert Rudolpht.

Resolution of the States General on the petition of Mr. Blommaert and others. [ From the Eegtster of West India affairs, 1G38--1651, in the Eoyal Archives at the Hagae.]

Friday, 20"" November, 1648. Folio 4«. The petition of Samuel Blommaert, Johannes de Laet, Margriete Reinst, Samuel Blommart j- r widow of Adam Bessels and Toussaint Muyssart, on and against the guardians ot i cum sociia. Colonie in New « _^ ^_ c Netherland. .

the miuor son of Kiliaen van , ,

Renselaer, relative to , . • r^ certain Colonie oi \ •

New i^-r

Netherland [being read] ; copy thereof is, after previous deliberation, placed in the hands of said guardians, for the purpose of commenting thereupon in writing.

The petition of Samuel Blommaert, Johannes de Laet, Margriete Reinst, Samuel Blommart j- r widow of Adam Bessels and Toussaint Muyssart, on and against the guardians ot i cum sociia. Colonie in New « _^ ^_ c Netherland. .

the miuor son of Kiliaen van , ,

Renselaer, relative to , . • r^ certain Colonie oi \ •

New i^-r

Netherland [being read] ; copy thereof is, after previous deliberation, placed in the hands of said guardians, for the purpose of commenting thereupon in writing.

256 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS.

Resolutions of the States General in the matter of Johannes van Rensselaer^ et al.

[From the Register of West India affaire, 1633--1651, in the Eoyal ArchlreE at the Hague.]

Monday, Se"- April, 1649. Folio 457. Read to the Assembly the petition presented to their High Mightinesses in the name, and on the behalf of the guardians of Johan van Renselaer, the son of ^aTEiuBeiae?."''"

stuiresant.KIHaeD Van Renselaer, complaining of Petrus Stuivesant, the West India Company's Director in Fort Amsterdam, situate at the Manathes in Nevs^ Netherland. Whereupon, deliberation being had, it is, previous to proceeding further herein, resolved and concluded, that the aforesaid petition shall be sent to the presiding Chamber of the aforesaid Company resident at Amsterdam for information.

Resolution of the States General.

Monday, 26 April, 1649. Folio 457. Johan van Weely The answer of Johan van Weely' and Wouter van Twiller, guardians ^ of Joban and 'Woulcr Tan Twyller. van Renselaer, son of Kiliaen van Renselaer, to the petition heretofore presented to their High Mightluesses by Samuel Bloemert and partners. Is, after previous and'partnlrs"'"""'

Whereupon, deliberation being had, it is, previous to proceeding further herein, resolved and concluded, that the aforesaid petition shall be sent to the presiding Chamber of the aforesaid Company resident at Amsterdam for information.

Resolution of the States General.

Monday, 26 April, 1649. Folio 457. Johan van Weely The answer of Johan van Weely' and Wouter van Twiller, guardians ^ of Joban and 'Woulcr Tan Twyller. van Renselaer, son of Kiliaen van Renselaer, to the petition heretofore presented to their High Mightluesses by Samuel Bloemert and partners. Is, after previous and'partnlrs"'"""'

deliberation, handed to parties to reply thereunto, within the time of fourteen days after service hereof.

Resolution of the States General.

Tuesday, 1 June, 1649. Folio 461. The reply of Samuel Blommaert and associates, partners in the Colonie of

pir"«r' "'' New Netherland, to and against Jan van Wely and Wouter van Twiller, as guardians of Johan van Renselaer, Is, after previous consideration, handed to Mess" Huygens, Vett and van der Hoolck, to inspect and examine the same, and report thereon ; and with this exception, parties shall be at liberty meanwhile to rejoin.

Resolution of the States General.

Friday, 4 June, 1649.

Folio 462. On consideration, it is hereby resolved and decided, to enlarge their High Mightinesses' order of the 31" May last, placed in the margin of the answer presented on the Samuel^ B^ommert game day to their High Mightinesses by Samuel Blommert and Jan de Laet jaadeLaet. qualuatc quiL to the efFect that Mess" Huygens, Vett and van der Hoolck, their High Mightinesses' preceding Deputies, shall be empowered to summon both parties before them, on a certain day to be prefixed by them for that purpose, in order to accommodate, if possible, the differences mutually existing between them and if not, to reader a report to ;

On consideration, it is hereby resolved and decided, to enlarge their High Mightinesses' order of the 31" May last, placed in the margin of the answer presented on the Samuel^ B^ommert game day to their High Mightinesses by Samuel Blommert and Jan de Laet jaadeLaet. qualuatc quiL to the efFect that Mess" Huygens, Vett and van der Hoolck, their High Mightinesses' preceding Deputies, shall be empowered to summon both parties before them, on a certain day to be prefixed by them for that purpose, in order to accommodate, if possible, the differences mutually existing between them and if not, to reader a report to ;

their High Mightinesses of their proceedings.

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS: IV 257

Resolution of the States General.

Saturday, 3^ July 1649. Folio 465. Wcly and Eeniuiaer. Twiler. m-i rxi- nii On consideration, it is resolved and decided that Johan van Wely and Wouter Van 1 wiler, guapdians ot Jan van Kenselaer, be notified to repair hither on next Thursday, the S"" instant, for the purpose set forth in their High Mightinesses' Resolution of the 4"" June ; and the letter to be written, shall be dispatched without reconsideration.

Resolution of the States General.

Thursday, 30 September 1649. Folio 488. Read in the Assembly a certain memorial of Samuel Blommaert and Johannes

Eenseiaor. Renselaer's- Wyck in New Netherland, setting forth in effect, that they having appeared some months ago before their High Mightinesses' Commissioners, the order was made: that parties on both sides should exchange their papers within the space of fourteen days, and then deliver said papers with the Advertisements into the hands of said Commissioners, in order to make further disposition therein, as may be expedient; but so it is, that they, the Petitioners have long since placed their p.ipers in the hands of their adversaries, and that fourteen days more than a month have elapsed, without their opponents having handed in any thing: Wherefore they, the petitioners, most humbly request their High Mightinesses to be pleased to direct that their opponents be required to obey the aforesaid Order within a brief space of time and that in default thereof, iheir High Mightinesses' Commissioners be authorized, by deprivation of the right of defence or otherwise, to put an end to the case in such manner as the aforesaid Commissioners shall determine, more especially as the matter cannot suffer any further delay, without prejudice to the plaintiffs.

Renselaer's- Wyck in New Netherland, setting forth in effect, that they having appeared some months ago before their High Mightinesses' Commissioners, the order was made: that parties on both sides should exchange their papers within the space of fourteen days, and then deliver said papers with the Advertisements into the hands of said Commissioners, in order to make further disposition therein, as may be expedient; but so it is, that they, the Petitioners have long since placed their p.ipers in the hands of their adversaries, and that fourteen days more than a month have elapsed, without their opponents having handed in any thing: Wherefore they, the petitioners, most humbly request their High Mightinesses to be pleased to direct that their opponents be required to obey the aforesaid Order within a brief space of time and that in default thereof, iheir High Mightinesses' Commissioners be authorized, by deprivation of the right of defence or otherwise, to put an end to the case in such manner as the aforesaid Commissioners shall determine, more especially as the matter cannot suffer any further delay, without prejudice to the plaintiffs. Whereupon deliberation being had, it is resolved and concluded that the guardians and heirs of Kiliaen van Renselaer shall be held, as they are hereby expressly ordered again within the space of eight days after the service hereof, to fulfill and obey their High Mightinesses' preceding order, on pain of deprivation of their right.

Resolution of the States General on a letter received from Director Stuyvesant.^

Whereupon deliberation being had, it is resolved and concluded that the guardians and heirs of Kiliaen van Renselaer shall be held, as they are hereby expressly ordered again within the space of eight days after the service hereof, to fulfill and obey their High Mightinesses' preceding order, on pain of deprivation of their right.

Resolution of the States General on a letter received from Director Stuyvesant.^

[ From the Regiiter of West India Affaire, 1633 --1651, in the Eojal Archives at the Hague. ]

Saturday 9"- October, 1649. Folio m. Received a duplicate of a despatch from Peter Stuyvesant, Director in New stuyvesant. Netherland, without date or place, containing an answer to their High Mightinesses' letter of the 28"" April last, transmitted to him Stuyvesant, in the matter of

'This letter, dated 10th of August, 1649, 13 omitted here, being a duplicate; the origiEal will be found, post, immediately preceding "Resolvtion of the Stales General" of the 2ffth Noyember, 1649.-- Ed.

Vol. I 33

258 NEW-YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. Comclis Meljn condemned and relieved. Whereupon deliberation being had, it Cornelia Meiyn.

is resolved and decided before proceeding any farther herein, that the past transactions shall be

looked up and read to the Assembly, in order to proceed afterwards as may appertain.

TJie Nine Men of New Netherland to the States General. [ From the Original In'lhe Eoyal Archives at the Hague; Zoi-rftaj of the States General; Kubric West Indisehe C<mpngnie,'So. 30. Divition y Great, Powerful, High and Mighty Sovereigns. After our distressed circumstances had forced and obliged us to represent the poor condition of this country and to pray for redress therein, we considered it proper to delegate also some persons whom we know and acknowledge to be honorable, honest and trustworthy ;

TJie Nine Men of New Netherland to the States General. [ From the Original In'lhe Eoyal Archives at the Hague; Zoi-rftaj of the States General; Kubric West Indisehe C<mpngnie,'So. 30. Divition y Great, Powerful, High and Mighty Sovereigns. After our distressed circumstances had forced and obliged us to represent the poor condition of this country and to pray for redress therein, we considered it proper to delegate also some persons whom we know and acknowledge to be honorable, honest and trustworthy ;

likewise well experienced in, and acquainted with, the circumstances of this country, in order that they may furnish your High Mightinesses, if such be your will and pleasure, with further information and explanation on every subject & circumstance, and also to importune your High Mightinesses to grant seasonable relief and aid. We, therefore, hereby humbly entreat and request your High Mightinesses to be pleased to give credence in all things that they may do or say in the premises, to these persons, to wit, Adriaen Van der Donck, Jacob van CouwENHOVEN, and Jan Evertse Bout, our Delegates and Agents inasmuch as we know ;

them for persons of honor and of good name and fame, also right well disposed towards the interest of this Country. With humble reverence we pray your High Mightinesses to be pleased to grant them a favorable audience, and we are and remain your High Mightinesses' faithful subjects. We have, in addition, presumed to send your High Mightinesses a specimen of this country's products, crops and forage most humbly praying that, according to our straitened circumstances, itmay be graciously accepted, which we pray God also to grant, to whose keeping we ever commend your High Mightinesses' persons, deliberations and undertakings. Amen.

With humble reverence we pray your High Mightinesses to be pleased to grant them a favorable audience, and we are and remain your High Mightinesses' faithful subjects. We have, in addition, presumed to send your High Mightinesses a specimen of this country's products, crops and forage most humbly praying that, according to our straitened circumstances, itmay be graciously accepted, which we pray God also to grant, to whose keeping we ever commend your High Mightinesses' persons, deliberations and undertakings. Amen.

In the name, and on the behalf, of the Commonalty of New Netherland, Done the 26"" July 1649 in New Amsterdam, on the Island Manhattans in New Netherland. (Signed) Augustin Herman. Arnoldus van Hardenberch. Oloff Stevenss. Machyel Janssen. Thomas Hall. Elbert Elbertsen. Govert Loockermans. Received 13 October, 1649. Hendrick Hendrickse Kip.

(Addressed as follows :) To the Great, Powerful, High & Mighty Lords The Lords States General of The United Netherlands residing at the Hague.

;

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS : IV. 259

Petition of the Delegates from New Netherland to the States General.

[ From the Original in the Eoj-al Archives at the Hague; Loketkm of the States General Rubric Wat Indieelie Cmipagnie, No. 30; 3d division ;

of the Bundle.]

[l. S.] To the High and Mighty Lords tlie States General of the United Netherlands.

The Delegates of the Commonalty in New Netherland most respectfully represent that they, the Petitioners, being obliged, agreeably to the annexed request, to lay before your High Mightinesses the Sober Condition and poor circumstances of New Netherland aforesaid, which is clearly set before, and demonstrated to your High Mightinesses in said petition and more

[ From the Original in the Eoj-al Archives at the Hague; Loketkm of the States General Rubric Wat Indieelie Cmipagnie, No. 30; 3d division ;

of the Bundle.]

[l. S.] To the High and Mighty Lords tlie States General of the United Netherlands.

The Delegates of the Commonalty in New Netherland most respectfully represent that they, the Petitioners, being obliged, agreeably to the annexed request, to lay before your High Mightinesses the Sober Condition and poor circumstances of New Netherland aforesaid, which is clearly set before, and demonstrated to your High Mightinesses in said petition and more

minute Remonstrance, the Petitioners presuming that your High Mightinesses cannot well have leisure as a body, being occupied by other public business, to examine the same, are therefore under the necessity of addressing themselves to your High Mightinesses, respectfully praying your High Mightinesses to be pleased to appoint some Members of your Assembly to examine the said Petition and Remonstance, to hear the Petitioners verbally, and report being rendered according to their finding, that your High Mightinesses may dispose thereof as to the circumstances of the case according to your wise discretion, may appertain. Which doing etc.

Petition of the Coynmonalty of Nexo Netherland to the States General.

t From the Original ( on a sheet of paper somewhat thick and large ) in the Koyal Archivea at the Hague ; Locketkat of the States General Rubric Weit Zndische CompugnU; 3d division of the Bundle. ]

To the Illustrious High and Mighty Lords, The Lords States General of the United Netherlands, our Most Excellent Sovereigns.

minute Remonstrance, the Petitioners presuming that your High Mightinesses cannot well have leisure as a body, being occupied by other public business, to examine the same, are therefore under the necessity of addressing themselves to your High Mightinesses, respectfully praying your High Mightinesses to be pleased to appoint some Members of your Assembly to examine the said Petition and Remonstance, to hear the Petitioners verbally, and report being rendered according to their finding, that your High Mightinesses may dispose thereof as to the circumstances of the case according to your wise discretion, may appertain. Which doing etc.

Petition of the Coynmonalty of Nexo Netherland to the States General.

t From the Original ( on a sheet of paper somewhat thick and large ) in the Koyal Archivea at the Hague ; Locketkat of the States General Rubric Weit Zndische CompugnU; 3d division of the Bundle. ]

To the Illustrious High and Mighty Lords, The Lords States General of the United Netherlands, our Most Excellent Sovereigns.

Gracious Lords, etc. Whereas in process of time this Province of New Netherland has attained a very poor and most low condition, the cause whereof we presume to be First, Unsuitable government; 2° Scanty privileges and exemptions 3° Onerous imposts of duties, exactions and such like 4° ; ;

Long Continued War 5° The loss of the Princess 6" A superabundance of Petty Traders ; ;

and pedlars (Schotten en Chmczen) and a want of Farmers and Farm servants: 7° Great dearth in general 8° and lastly, the insufferable arrogance of the Natives or Indians, arising from ;

Whereas in process of time this Province of New Netherland has attained a very poor and most low condition, the cause whereof we presume to be First, Unsuitable government; 2° Scanty privileges and exemptions 3° Onerous imposts of duties, exactions and such like 4° ; ;

Long Continued War 5° The loss of the Princess 6" A superabundance of Petty Traders ; ;

and pedlars (Schotten en Chmczen) and a want of Farmers and Farm servants: 7° Great dearth in general 8° and lastly, the insufferable arrogance of the Natives or Indians, arising from ;

our smaller numbers, etc. And having waited long in vain, for aid, redress and assistance from the Directors even in our greatest need, though we petitioned and begged for it We, therefore, unable to delay any ;

longer, being reduced to the lowest ebb, have determined to fly for refuge to your High Mightinesses, our gracious Sovereigns and the Fathers of this Province, most humbly craving and beseeching you to look with eyes of compassion on this your Province, and that your High Mightinesses would be pleased to order and redress matters so that dangers may be removed, troubles put at end to, and population and prosperity promoted, as your High Mightinesses in your illustrious wisdom shall consider best, only we have with humble reverence deemed it

260 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. proper and necessary, respectfully to petition your High Mightinesses for these following points as advantageous for this Province: First. We supplicate and beseech your High Mightinesses to supply New Netherland with sufficient population to enable it to support, sustain and defend itself against Indians and others who may disturb and invade it; for if this should fail, not only will the direst ruin follow, but it will easily become a prey to our Neighbors and those who already dwell in it will be ;

260 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. proper and necessary, respectfully to petition your High Mightinesses for these following points as advantageous for this Province: First. We supplicate and beseech your High Mightinesses to supply New Netherland with sufficient population to enable it to support, sustain and defend itself against Indians and others who may disturb and invade it; for if this should fail, not only will the direst ruin follow, but it will easily become a prey to our Neighbors and those who already dwell in it will be ;

forced to use all possible means to return and save themselves from misery, or to submit to foreign Nations. All which will be remedied, in our humble opinion: I. Whenever your High Mightinesses will be pleased to take this Province under your gracious safeguard, and allow your Fatherly protection for this Country and granted privileges to be made public and its

manifest throughout the United Netherlands. Then would many be attracted towards this country, from which, on the contrary, every one is discouraged by the Company's harsh proceedings and want of means. II. Consequently were your High Mightinesses pleased for

a few years to send some vessels hither in order that people, principally Farmers and Farm Servants, may with their poverty be removed and conveyed gratuitously hither, together with some necessary support until the poor people have something in esse, your High Mightinesses would not only relieve many embarrassed persons, but also may expect, through their intercession with God, success, a blessing and prosperity. III. Also were your High Mightinesses to please order that all vessels proceeding and trading to those Northern parts of America, should touch first at the Manhattans in New Netherland, and bring with them as many persons as seasonably present themselves, and they can conveniently carry at suitable fixed rates, many friends (liefhebbers) would, no doubt, emigrate within a short time to New Netherland.

a few years to send some vessels hither in order that people, principally Farmers and Farm Servants, may with their poverty be removed and conveyed gratuitously hither, together with some necessary support until the poor people have something in esse, your High Mightinesses would not only relieve many embarrassed persons, but also may expect, through their intercession with God, success, a blessing and prosperity. III. Also were your High Mightinesses to please order that all vessels proceeding and trading to those Northern parts of America, should touch first at the Manhattans in New Netherland, and bring with them as many persons as seasonably present themselves, and they can conveniently carry at suitable fixed rates, many friends (liefhebbers) would, no doubt, emigrate within a short time to New Netherland. Secondhj. We humbly solicit permanent Privileges and Exemptions which promote population and prosperity and which, in our opinion consist: I. Of suitable municipal (borgerlycJce) government, such as your High Mightinesses shall consider adapted to this Province, and somewhat resembling the laudable Government of our Fatherland. II. Exemption from imposts, tenths and burthens, which, at the first beginning, are disadvantageous and oppressive, until the countrybecomes populous and somewhat permanently established. III. That the returns in Tobacco shipped hence, be exempt from all duties. This would not only afford great encouragement to the planters who convert the forest into farms, but be better also for their servants who could thus be supplied with all sorts of necessaries. IV. Also, permission to export, sell, and barter grain, timber and all other wares and merchandise the produce of the Country, every way and every where your High Mightinesses have allies and have granted to the Netherlanders the privilege of trade and resort. V. That your High Mightinesses should please to grant Privileges and Freedoms to the Inhabitants for the encouragement of the Fisheries which many suppose were good and profitable heretofore, and would hereafter be of great importance.

Also, permission to export, sell, and barter grain, timber and all other wares and merchandise the produce of the Country, every way and every where your High Mightinesses have allies and have granted to the Netherlanders the privilege of trade and resort. V. That your High Mightinesses should please to grant Privileges and Freedoms to the Inhabitants for the encouragement of the Fisheries which many suppose were good and profitable heretofore, and would hereafter be of great importance. Thirdly. We humbly beseech your High Mightinesses to be pleased to determine and so to establish the Boundaries of this Country, both north and south, that all causes of difference, discord and trouble may be cutoff and prevented: that your High Mightinesses' subjects may live and dwell in peace and quietness and enjoy their liberty in trade and commerce within the established boundaries. II. Also, that your High Mightinesses be pleased to preserve us in peace with the neighboring Republics, Colonies, and other your High Mightinesses' allies,

so that we may pursue our country's trade, without let or hindrance, under proper regulations

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS: IV. 261 from your High Mightinesses, as well along the coast from Terra Nova to Cape Florida, as to the West Indies and to Europe, wherever the Lord our God shall be pleased to permit ; and, III. la order to make manifest your High Mightinesses' earnest support of this Province to those who may be incredulous on that point, we respectfully entreat your High Mightinesses to be pleased to quarter a company or two of Soldiers here for the defence of those dwelling outside and in newly added plantations and colonies, until by our increase we shall dread neither Indians nor other enemies, but even be able to prevent their mischievous acts. All this have we concluded, with humble reverence, to propose according to our limited knowledge and understanding, earnestly supplicating your High Mightinesses, for the love of New Netherland, which now lies at its extremity, as is to be seen at length in our annexed Remonstrance, to be pleased to direct your attention thereto according to your wise and provident counsel, and to interpret most favorably this our presumption.

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS: IV. 261 from your High Mightinesses, as well along the coast from Terra Nova to Cape Florida, as to the West Indies and to Europe, wherever the Lord our God shall be pleased to permit ; and, III. la order to make manifest your High Mightinesses' earnest support of this Province to those who may be incredulous on that point, we respectfully entreat your High Mightinesses to be pleased to quarter a company or two of Soldiers here for the defence of those dwelling outside and in newly added plantations and colonies, until by our increase we shall dread neither Indians nor other enemies, but even be able to prevent their mischievous acts. All this have we concluded, with humble reverence, to propose according to our limited knowledge and understanding, earnestly supplicating your High Mightinesses, for the love of New Netherland, which now lies at its extremity, as is to be seen at length in our annexed Remonstrance, to be pleased to direct your attention thereto according to your wise and provident counsel, and to interpret most favorably this our presumption. We pray and hope that the name of New Netherland and the conversion of the Heathen, which ought to be hastened, will move your High Mightinesses hereunto. Awaiting, therefore, a happy deliverance, we commend your High Mightinesses' persons and deliberations to the protection of the Almighty, and remain your High Hightinesses' humble and obedient servants.

Written in the name, and on the behalf, of the Commonalty of New Netherland, the six and twentieth of July, in the year of our Lord Jesus Christ, One thousand six hundred and nine and forty, in New Amsterdam, on the Island Manhattans, in New Netherland. (Signed) Adriaen van der Donck. AuGUSTiN Herman. Arnoldus Van Haruenberch. Jacob van Conwenhoven. Oloff Stevenss. Machyel Janssen.

Awaiting, therefore, a happy deliverance, we commend your High Mightinesses' persons and deliberations to the protection of the Almighty, and remain your High Hightinesses' humble and obedient servants.

Written in the name, and on the behalf, of the Commonalty of New Netherland, the six and twentieth of July, in the year of our Lord Jesus Christ, One thousand six hundred and nine and forty, in New Amsterdam, on the Island Manhattans, in New Netherland. (Signed) Adriaen van der Donck. AuGUSTiN Herman. Arnoldus Van Haruenberch. Jacob van Conwenhoven. Oloff Stevenss. Machyel Janssen. Thomas Hall. Elbert Elbertsen. Govert Loockermans. Hendrick Hendricksen Kip. Jan Evertsen Bout. (Endorsed) Petition for the Committee of the Commonalty of New Netherland. 13 October, 1649.

262 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS.

Additional Observations on the preceding Petition.

[ From a MS. in the Koj al Archives at the Hague ; Loktikoi o( the States General ; Rubric Wait Indiiche Campagnie, No. 80 ; 5th diTision of the Bundle. ] 1. Population. 2. Privileges. Further Explanation of, and Observations on the Petition to the Illustrious, H'S*! ''"•^ Mighty Lords States General of the United Netherlands, Our ^' FROM^raEs 4. Protection. Most Serene Sovereigns.

Gracious Lords. Whereas, in process of time, this Province' of New Netherland has attained to a very poor and low condition,^ the cause whereof we presume^ to be,

I. Unsuitable Government;^ II. Scanty Privileges and Exemptions;* III. Onerous imposts of duties,* exactions and such like;' IV. Long continued war;^ V. The loss of the Princess;' ' It is called a Province because it was invested, by their High Mightinesses, with the Arms of an Earl. ° It will be seen, generally, in the Remonstrance, that New Netherland has arrived at the lowest ebb, so that if provision be not seasonably made in the premises, it will be wholly abandoned. ' Not that there is any doubt of it ; for it is as clear and notorious as that the Sun emits light.

The loss of the Princess;' ' It is called a Province because it was invested, by their High Mightinesses, with the Arms of an Earl. ° It will be seen, generally, in the Remonstrance, that New Netherland has arrived at the lowest ebb, so that if provision be not seasonably made in the premises, it will be wholly abandoned. ' Not that there is any doubt of it ; for it is as clear and notorious as that the Sun emits light. See Remonstrance passim. * That is bad and intolerable ; yea, wholly ruinous to the country as administered here by the Directors, and in New Netherland by their Servants. The Company hath never adhered strictly to any privileges in New Netherland, but always altered those ^

granted to suit its own convenience {ad proprium commodum). This hath caused decrease of population. ^ Before we can get our goods home we must pay 16. 4^ and 8, making 28|- per cent, besides the loss in the

shifting in and out of the stores. For, besides the trouble and expense, the Company's servants, who inspect quasi correctly the goods, pay not the least regard, but rather throw them down than lift them up. For, in Amsterdam, they must first be placed in store and inspected before going on board then a poor cargo must ;

be taken along, and in New Netherland soldiers are immediately placed on board, and a man is no longer master of his own vessel afterwards, the cargo is discharged into the Company's Warehouse, and there it ;

For, besides the trouble and expense, the Company's servants, who inspect quasi correctly the goods, pay not the least regard, but rather throw them down than lift them up. For, in Amsterdam, they must first be placed in store and inspected before going on board then a poor cargo must ;

be taken along, and in New Netherland soldiers are immediately placed on board, and a man is no longer master of his own vessel afterwards, the cargo is discharged into the Company's Warehouse, and there it ;

proceeds so as to be a grief and vexation to behold ; for it is all measured anew, unpacked, thrown about, and

counted without either rule or order ; besides the Company's servants between whiles bite sharp and carry away. ' Exactions, for they are not at all agreed upon remark, the Directors fixed all, as they took the fancy, ;

prcetextu Societatis, sed reversd ad proprium commodum, without the knowledge of the Patroons or the Commonalty. But it is. Sic volo, sic juheo, stat pro ratione voluntas. It is very true, that they did not fully attain, in this case, their object and aim, but blood was very near being shed before it could be prevented, and

then it was: -- I'll remember and revenge it. As most of the people have lost thereby all they had and expected to get. This war was, also, unjust and "

beirun contra jus gentium. Why The Americans gave us no pretext for it. Secondly, It was for no ?

It is very true, that they did not fully attain, in this case, their object and aim, but blood was very near being shed before it could be prevented, and

then it was: -- I'll remember and revenge it. As most of the people have lost thereby all they had and expected to get. This war was, also, unjust and "

beirun contra jus gentium. Why The Americans gave us no pretext for it. Secondly, It was for no ?

reason nor in any real respect necessary. Thirdly, Those against whom we waged war were ten times, yea, more than that, stronger than we who commenced hostilities. ^ For in her were lost very exact Maps; fully a hundred different samples of Minerals and numerous Remonstrances and accounts of New Netherland.

;

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS : IV. 263

VL Superabundance of Scots and Chinese;" Want of farmers and farm servants;^ VU. Great dearth in general VIIL And, lastly, the insufferable arrogance^ of the Natives or Indians, arising from our smaller number, etc;

And, having waited long for aid, redress and assistance from the Directors, in vain,'' even in our greatest need,^ though we petitioned and begged for it;"

We, therefore, unable to delay any longer, being reduced to the lowest ebb, have determined' to fly for refuge to your High Mightinesses, our gracious Sovereigns and the Fathers of this Province,^ most humbly craving and beseeching you to look with eyes of compassion on this your Province,^ and to be pleased so to order and redress matters that dangers may be removed, troubles put an end to"" and population and prosperity promoted," as your High Mightinesses in your illustrious wisdom shall consider best."^ Only we have, with humble reverence, deemed it proper and necessary respectfully to petition your High Mightinesses for these following points as of advantage to this Province.'^

We, therefore, unable to delay any longer, being reduced to the lowest ebb, have determined' to fly for refuge to your High Mightinesses, our gracious Sovereigns and the Fathers of this Province,^ most humbly craving and beseeching you to look with eyes of compassion on this your Province,^ and to be pleased so to order and redress matters that dangers may be removed, troubles put an end to"" and population and prosperity promoted," as your High Mightinesses in your illustrious wisdom shall consider best."^ Only we have, with humble reverence, deemed it proper and necessary respectfully to petition your High Mightinesses for these following points as of advantage to this Province.'^

' That is, petty traders, who swarm hither with great industry, reap immense profit and exhaust the country without adding anything to its population or security. But if they skim a llittle fat from the pot, they can take ^gain to their heels. 'Whereby agriculture and many necessary matters remain neglected, and this causes great scarcity and leaves many things undone. ° This was not the case previous to the war, but the loss of their fathers, mothers, wives, children and friends, has greatly troubled them. There cannot, therefore, be any permanent peace with thera, until an increase shall he remarked in the number of our Dutch people in New Netherland. It has been so long proclaimed, in New Netherland, that more people were coming, that the Indians laugh at it, and say The :

Dutch do nothing but lie. * Without, in any way, by words or deeds, if there be good order, directing any thing for the service of the country. ' When people were in the greatest danger from the war.

There cannot, therefore, be any permanent peace with thera, until an increase shall he remarked in the number of our Dutch people in New Netherland. It has been so long proclaimed, in New Netherland, that more people were coming, that the Indians laugh at it, and say The :

Dutch do nothing but lie. * Without, in any way, by words or deeds, if there be good order, directing any thing for the service of the country. ' When people were in the greatest danger from the war.

* Application for orders and redress was made to the Directors from time to time by petitions, remonstrances, letters, &c., but neither redress nor order followed, except for their own purse. ' The country has arrived to that state, that if it be not now assisted it will not need any aid hereafter, because the English will wholly absorb it. ' For the Company neither can nor will give any help, as experience has abundantly taught, inasmuch as they never took our petitions into consideration. ' Because attached to, and dependant on, the sovereignty of this country. '" The Directors (of the Company) and their Officers in New Netherland with their dependants are the chief dangers in that country. " It will be hereafter shown how it can be done. " We shall not prescribe any rule to your High Mightinesses, but leave every thing absolutely to your judgment. " Inasmuch as we have observed and concluded, after much experience on the spot, that it is impossible (speaking under correction) to remedy New Netherland and bring it into a state of prosperity without these following points.

* Application for orders and redress was made to the Directors from time to time by petitions, remonstrances, letters, &c., but neither redress nor order followed, except for their own purse. ' The country has arrived to that state, that if it be not now assisted it will not need any aid hereafter, because the English will wholly absorb it. ' For the Company neither can nor will give any help, as experience has abundantly taught, inasmuch as they never took our petitions into consideration. ' Because attached to, and dependant on, the sovereignty of this country. '" The Directors (of the Company) and their Officers in New Netherland with their dependants are the chief dangers in that country. " It will be hereafter shown how it can be done. " We shall not prescribe any rule to your High Mightinesses, but leave every thing absolutely to your judgment. " Inasmuch as we have observed and concluded, after much experience on the spot, that it is impossible (speaking under correction) to remedy New Netherland and bring it into a state of prosperity without these following points.

264 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS.

First, we supplicate and beseecli your High Miglitinesses to furnish New Netherland with sufficient population' as to enable it to support, sustain, and defend itself against Indians and others who may disturb and invade it ;^ for in case this should faii,^ not only will the direst ruin follow^ but it will also easily become a prey to our neighbors,^ and those who already dwell there* will be forced to use all possible means to return and save themselves and theirs from misery,' or submit to a foreign Nation.' All which, in our humble opinion, is

First, we supplicate and beseecli your High Miglitinesses to furnish New Netherland with sufficient population' as to enable it to support, sustain, and defend itself against Indians and others who may disturb and invade it ;^ for in case this should faii,^ not only will the direst ruin follow^ but it will also easily become a prey to our neighbors,^ and those who already dwell there* will be forced to use all possible means to return and save themselves and theirs from misery,' or submit to a foreign Nation.' All which, in our humble opinion, is

to be remedied.'

Of Population.

I. Whenever your High Mightinesses will be pleased to take this Province under your gracious safeguard,'" and allow your Fatherly protection for this Country" and its granted privileges to be made public and manifest throughout the United Netherlands,'^ then would many be attracted towards this Country,'^ from which, on the contrary, every one is

discouraged by the Company's harsh proceedings" and want of means.'*

' Without referring it to the Company or the Directors, for truly nothing will come of it, as the result has hitherto taught us, though they promise wonders. Besides that, the name alone terrifies the inhabitants ; as they are scorned and despised by our neighbors on account of their evil tricks, even so is the country prejudiced against them. ^ ' Were there a thousand or fifteen hundred inhabitants in New Netherland, or even more, the Indians or the Swedes would never think or dream of daring to ofi'er us any insult. ' If your High Mightinesses do not, this time, determine on permanent redress, privilege and population. * It will lose even thename of New Netherland, and no Dutchman will have any thing to say there. * The English, fully aware that our country is better than theirs, endeavor to push us out of it and to seize it forthemselves, which they will easily eftect, if no redress be now had.

Besides that, the name alone terrifies the inhabitants ; as they are scorned and despised by our neighbors on account of their evil tricks, even so is the country prejudiced against them. ^ ' Were there a thousand or fifteen hundred inhabitants in New Netherland, or even more, the Indians or the Swedes would never think or dream of daring to ofi'er us any insult. ' If your High Mightinesses do not, this time, determine on permanent redress, privilege and population. * It will lose even thename of New Netherland, and no Dutchman will have any thing to say there. * The English, fully aware that our country is better than theirs, endeavor to push us out of it and to seize it forthemselves, which they will easily eftect, if no redress be now had. To wit, Dutch freemen. '^

As the tyrannical government of the Company there is intolerable for a man in that country is not sure ' ;

of either his life or property, if he but say anything displeasing or otherwise oSensive to the Governors who comport themselves like sovereign tyrants. * The English or Swedes, of whose subjection there is less appearance. And so prevent men ever dreading the like again. ^

So that people may be no longer harassed or troubled by the Company or its servants, but that the '°

government, consisting of those interested in the country, may be absolutely dependent on this state. " To which we hope you will consent. " By every where affixing notices or orders, or such like, wherein people could be informed of the Generalia, both in government and privileges. " When, relieved from the Company's tyranny, it would be dependent on this State, and be favored with good government and firm, valid and inviolable privileges whereby every man could with honesty be secure of his life, honor and property in future, which now he is not. '* mostly in arrests, imprisonments, banishments, confiscations, harsh prosecutions, blows, Consisting scoldings, reckoning half faults for entire ones and so forth : In a word, in ruining and estranging the country, offering every one in particular, who doth not constantly please them, as many insults as they can invent or think of '^ Its want of means causes it to have recourse to various bad finesses; such as extortions, confiscations and so forth ; moreover, the neighbors knowing that, complain of it, and ever after disparage not only the country but the people.

" When, relieved from the Company's tyranny, it would be dependent on this State, and be favored with good government and firm, valid and inviolable privileges whereby every man could with honesty be secure of his life, honor and property in future, which now he is not. '* mostly in arrests, imprisonments, banishments, confiscations, harsh prosecutions, blows, Consisting scoldings, reckoning half faults for entire ones and so forth : In a word, in ruining and estranging the country, offering every one in particular, who doth not constantly please them, as many insults as they can invent or think of '^ Its want of means causes it to have recourse to various bad finesses; such as extortions, confiscations and so forth ; moreover, the neighbors knowing that, complain of it, and ever after disparage not only the country but the people. We and this State have been challenged with it abroad.

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS: IV. 265

IL Consequently were your High Mightinesses pleased for a few years ' to send some vessels thither, in order that people, principally Farmers and Farm servants^ may, with their poverty,' be removed and conveyed hither gratuitously* with some necessaries' until the poor people have something in esse,^ your High Mightinesses would not only relieve many embarrassed persons,^ butalso may expect, through their intercession with God, success, a blessing and prosperity-^ HL Also, were your High Mightinesses to order' that all vessels proceeding and trading to those Northern parts of America'" should touch first at the Manhathans in New Netherland,*^ and bring with them as many persons as may seasonably apply '^ and they can conveniently carry ,'^ at suitable fixed rates," many friends (liefhebhers) would, no doubt, emigrate in a short time to New Netherland.'*

IL Consequently were your High Mightinesses pleased for a few years ' to send some vessels thither, in order that people, principally Farmers and Farm servants^ may, with their poverty,' be removed and conveyed hither gratuitously* with some necessaries' until the poor people have something in esse,^ your High Mightinesses would not only relieve many embarrassed persons,^ butalso may expect, through their intercession with God, success, a blessing and prosperity-^ HL Also, were your High Mightinesses to order' that all vessels proceeding and trading to those Northern parts of America'" should touch first at the Manhathans in New Netherland,*^ and bring with them as many persons as may seasonably apply '^ and they can conveniently carry ,'^ at suitable fixed rates," many friends (liefhebhers) would, no doubt, emigrate in a short time to New Netherland.'*

' At first, before it be fully under way, sending for two and three years successively, four and five ships each year. * For traders and others who have means, can go and come at their own expense, without any one's help. ' That is to say : the Httle they possess, and which is of small value. * Here arise divers considerations for the poor folk that must be sent over for nothing, may, if they come, ;

be conveyed on and for your High Mightinesses' account and the freight be paid here afterwards when ;

circumstances permit, the money can be repaid from the finances in New Netherland, and the land debited with it. * Consisting of these articles as per invoice Coarse shoes, Friesland stockings, canvas, coarse linen, kersey, :

' At first, before it be fully under way, sending for two and three years successively, four and five ships each year. * For traders and others who have means, can go and come at their own expense, without any one's help. ' That is to say : the Httle they possess, and which is of small value. * Here arise divers considerations for the poor folk that must be sent over for nothing, may, if they come, ;

be conveyed on and for your High Mightinesses' account and the freight be paid here afterwards when ;

circumstances permit, the money can be repaid from the finances in New Netherland, and the land debited with it. * Consisting of these articles as per invoice Coarse shoes, Friesland stockings, canvas, coarse linen, kersey, :

cheap cloth of three and four guilders the ell, farming implements, such as scythes, sickles, hoes, axes, winnowing fans, spades, ploughshares, and coulters, together with collars, traces, lines, halters, etc. These things are absolutely requisite, for an advance of fifty per cent must be charged and credit cautiously given for the supplies, receiving payment as occasion enables the people to bring something in. For it is only in order to assist the people on their first starting, and should any bad debts accrue by death or otherwise, the fifty per cent advance can always richly meet the capital with the interest. ' Until they are over two, three and four years in a way of paying, as, with the help of God, no man will fail of success in New Netherland, who will take his hand out of his mouth and do his best. ' Were those in New Netherland, who sit down in poverty in this country and almost perish of want, yea have need of bread to eat, and suffer from distress and cold, --and were they industrious, they could honestly earn their living. 'People are bound to pray for their benefactors, and if they do it not, virtue is always its own reward and God recompenses it. ' To order by edicts or placards positively and inviolably, under forfeiture of ship and cargo, should any

For it is only in order to assist the people on their first starting, and should any bad debts accrue by death or otherwise, the fifty per cent advance can always richly meet the capital with the interest. ' Until they are over two, three and four years in a way of paying, as, with the help of God, no man will fail of success in New Netherland, who will take his hand out of his mouth and do his best. ' Were those in New Netherland, who sit down in poverty in this country and almost perish of want, yea have need of bread to eat, and suffer from distress and cold, --and were they industrious, they could honestly earn their living. 'People are bound to pray for their benefactors, and if they do it not, virtue is always its own reward and God recompenses it. ' To order by edicts or placards positively and inviolably, under forfeiture of ship and cargo, should any

one infringe it, except through stress of weather or other serious casualty. '" As well to New England as to Virginia and elsewhere, to pursue the tobacco trade or other traffic, as full

twenty-five and thirty ships of over and under one hundred and fifty lasts yearly do. " Manhathans is the Capital of New Netherland, and the Staple is there established whereunto it is very ;

well adapted on account of the convenience of the river, and because it is the centre of that Province. '^To the skippers or other overseers to be thereunto appointed by your High Mightinesses in order that everything be done with regularity, for otherwise those skippers who do not want that, will elude your High Mightinesses' good intention and orders. " That must not be left to them but to the overseers, as there will always be a great deal more than the skippers can carry for people must not be trusted farther than they can be seen. ;

well adapted on account of the convenience of the river, and because it is the centre of that Province. '^To the skippers or other overseers to be thereunto appointed by your High Mightinesses in order that everything be done with regularity, for otherwise those skippers who do not want that, will elude your High Mightinesses' good intention and orders. " That must not be left to them but to the overseers, as there will always be a great deal more than the skippers can carry for people must not be trusted farther than they can be seen. ;

" This rate must be fixed by your High Mightinesses and, at farthest, ought not to be more for the voyage than 30 and 32 guilders for a full grown man or woman eating in the 'tween decks [overloop), and 38 and 40 guilders in the cabin. This money might, as herein before stated, Cap. V., N" 4, be advanced out of the public funds, and again made good in New Netherland and for that purpose it would be very well to cause all those people ;

who become free of the country or descend from those who have become free, to pay double in favor of the finances, and in order to induce those to emigrate who are somewhat slow on account of their straitened circumstances. " Being allured by the fertility and salubrity of the country, by the good order, privileges, free government, and by being conveyed over on the first voyage, without disbursing any money. Vol. I. 34

V., N" 4, be advanced out of the public funds, and again made good in New Netherland and for that purpose it would be very well to cause all those people ;

who become free of the country or descend from those who have become free, to pay double in favor of the finances, and in order to induce those to emigrate who are somewhat slow on account of their straitened circumstances. " Being allured by the fertility and salubrity of the country, by the good order, privileges, free government, and by being conveyed over on the first voyage, without disbursing any money. Vol. I. 34

266 NEW-YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS.

Of Pkivileges.

Secondly. We humbly solicit permanent privileges and exemptions,' which promote population and prosperity,' and which consist, in our opinion,^ First. In suitable municipal {borgerlycke) government,^ such as your High Mightinesses will consider adapted to this Province,^ and somewhat resembling the laudable government of our Fatherland.'

' Which are not to be altered ad proprium commodum et avarorum optnionibus, as has been already been done by the Directors. 'Were we, in New Netherland, on an equality in matter of privilege with our neighbors, and were such made manifest in this country, many would endeavor to repair to New Netherland, and it would not be lacking in population. ^ As we think, who have resided there a considerable time and have given attention to the'matter from time to time. * That those interested in the country may also attend to its government and keep a watchful eye over it, without its being intrusted to a set of hairbrained people, such as the Company flings thither, but to such as obtain in New England. NoTA Bene. --New England is divided into four Colonies, which they style Provinces. Each Colony hath its Governor, and neither Patroons, Lords nor Princes are known there ; only the People.

' Which are not to be altered ad proprium commodum et avarorum optnionibus, as has been already been done by the Directors. 'Were we, in New Netherland, on an equality in matter of privilege with our neighbors, and were such made manifest in this country, many would endeavor to repair to New Netherland, and it would not be lacking in population. ^ As we think, who have resided there a considerable time and have given attention to the'matter from time to time. * That those interested in the country may also attend to its government and keep a watchful eye over it, without its being intrusted to a set of hairbrained people, such as the Company flings thither, but to such as obtain in New England. NoTA Bene. --New England is divided into four Colonies, which they style Provinces. Each Colony hath its Governor, and neither Patroons, Lords nor Princes are known there ; only the People. Each Governor is like a Sovereign in his place, but comports himself most discreetly. They are, and are esteemed. Governors next to God by the people, so long as the latter please. In each Province are many and divers villages [dorpen), some larger and some smaller. But there is one Capital town where the Governor resides. In case of appeal, the course is as follows : If any one in a town that is not the Capital, considers himself aggrieved by any judgment, he may appeal, if the sum exceeds the limit each court takes cognizance of. Otherwise, no appeal lies, and this law was passed with general consent ad utilitatem civium et paganorum, ad diriinendas lites. Then appeal lies to the court of the Colony, which we would call the Provincial court, and the defeated party wishing to proceed further, appeals to the General Court.

In case of appeal, the course is as follows : If any one in a town that is not the Capital, considers himself aggrieved by any judgment, he may appeal, if the sum exceeds the limit each court takes cognizance of. Otherwise, no appeal lies, and this law was passed with general consent ad utilitatem civium et paganorum, ad diriinendas lites. Then appeal lies to the court of the Colony, which we would call the Provincial court, and the defeated party wishing to proceed further, appeals to the General Court. This meets twice a year and continues until all

business, as well public affairs as law suits, is disposed of. Few suits are brought before this court, and those definitely decided there are not to be again instituted. ' For we are not fit nor qualified to prescribe a rule to your High Mightinesses. ' In form of a State (Staet), like the government of this country, especially as in this case there is no difference, but fundamentally a similarity between it and our neighbors of New England, apart from whom we have no neighbors of consequence. -- NoTA Bene. In New England, the government is carried on thus Each town, no matter how small, hath :

its own court and jurisdiction, also a voice in the Capital, and elects its own officers. Few taxes are imposed, and these only by general consent. In their Capital they have a Governor, a Deputy (that is. Vice) Governor, a Constable, that is Judge, a Secretary and two Provincial Councillors. In the individual towns, they have a Constable, a Clerk and Selectmen. They call all these Magistrates, and, though they depend on the people, treat them with very great respect. Each town chooses, or may choose, its Magistrates annually, yet they very rarely change them.

Few taxes are imposed, and these only by general consent. In their Capital they have a Governor, a Deputy (that is. Vice) Governor, a Constable, that is Judge, a Secretary and two Provincial Councillors. In the individual towns, they have a Constable, a Clerk and Selectmen. They call all these Magistrates, and, though they depend on the people, treat them with very great respect. Each town chooses, or may choose, its Magistrates annually, yet they very rarely change them. The Governor and Deputy are chosen annually by the entire province, although some have been continued from the beginning to their departure, or during their lives and even some are yet ;

continued from the beginning until this time. Nevertheless, the People have a new election every year, and have power to make a change ; and they would make a change in case of improper behavior, and that they therefore say is the bridle of their great men. This is the mode of their election or choosing : Each town consults first by itself and sends then its deputies, and all these delegates choose the Governor, and he is so for that year, without any longer assurance. In the year following there is a new election, in form as stated, and

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS: IV. 267 IL In Exemption from duties,* tenths,' and taxes which at the first beginning are disadvantageous and oppressive,' until the country becomes populous and somevehat firmly established.* III. In Exemption of Tobacco, shipped hence, from all duty.* This would not only afford

This is the mode of their election or choosing : Each town consults first by itself and sends then its deputies, and all these delegates choose the Governor, and he is so for that year, without any longer assurance. In the year following there is a new election, in form as stated, and

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS: IV. 267 IL In Exemption from duties,* tenths,' and taxes which at the first beginning are disadvantageous and oppressive,' until the country becomes populous and somevehat firmly established.* III. In Exemption of Tobacco, shipped hence, from all duty.* This would not only afford

every time the most votes must carry it; these are collected in writing; but if a Governor retires, he remains Deputy Governor. Moreover, this is the practice in their General Court, already mentioned. This Court is held twice a year, and each time in a particular place where the Governors reside. The oldest has precedence, without his being president however, for each Governor presides in the Court holden in his own government. As this comes around every two years, each knows his station, unless there be reason to change the place once or twice, which the Governors indeed do among themselves, but only on considerations of great moment. At these Courts appear four Governors and the Deputy of the place, besides the entire Council, if they be not a party in any case ; together with as many Delegates from the towns throughout each Province as they deem necessary ; and no business is transacted except what exclusively interests the country at large. Here is commissioned an Agent for New England to the Parliament ; and this is what we have learned from divers of the English respecting New England. In Military affairs they have also some Generalia which we shall pass over with a word or two.

At these Courts appear four Governors and the Deputy of the place, besides the entire Council, if they be not a party in any case ; together with as many Delegates from the towns throughout each Province as they deem necessary ; and no business is transacted except what exclusively interests the country at large. Here is commissioned an Agent for New England to the Parliament ; and this is what we have learned from divers of the English respecting New England. In Military affairs they have also some Generalia which we shall pass over with a word or two. All their inhabitants, burghers, farmers, planters and servants bear arms, and thereto each particular place hath its arrangement. They are divided into separate companies, and are commanded by their Majors and Colonels, who are the Governors. In case of invasion or other necessity each town knows, according to its strength, the quota either in men or money which it must contribute to the member or members in danger, according to the federation and order agreed upon in the case, among themselves from this league is excepted only the :

difference which the Southern English have with the Dutch, in regard to occupation and settlement of boundaries and time may determine that one way or other. ' It is to be remarked, that our neighbors pay no duties nor any other charges; not even on the wares they purchase from us, which amount to considerable ; so that a great deal of fraud is committed in this way, because several ships go first to New England, and then skulk under our neighbors wings; this they justify, and say they must do, because they are too much harassed, tyrannized and imposed upon among us. This not only brings depopulation and loss of character on New Netherland and this State, but also greatly damages and injures the country.

difference which the Southern English have with the Dutch, in regard to occupation and settlement of boundaries and time may determine that one way or other. ' It is to be remarked, that our neighbors pay no duties nor any other charges; not even on the wares they purchase from us, which amount to considerable ; so that a great deal of fraud is committed in this way, because several ships go first to New England, and then skulk under our neighbors wings; this they justify, and say they must do, because they are too much harassed, tyrannized and imposed upon among us. This not only brings depopulation and loss of character on New Netherland and this State, but also greatly damages and injures the country. Our neighbors, who usurp our limits, rendered bold and indeed prosperous thereby, secure also occasions to insult. * Tenths are claimed there from the people, notwithstanding they have been hunted, expelled and impoverished by the war. Though many have had their land the full number of years, yet they have not had the use of it, having been driven off by the war, so that a term of eight or ten years could be beneficially remitted to the great relief of the inhabitants. ' Sheep cannot well be shorn before the wool grows, and if the people are ever anticipated and retrenched in their means of prosperity, there can neither now nor hereafter be any hope of deriving any thing considerable from them because men must have before they can give. ;

Though many have had their land the full number of years, yet they have not had the use of it, having been driven off by the war, so that a term of eight or ten years could be beneficially remitted to the great relief of the inhabitants. ' Sheep cannot well be shorn before the wool grows, and if the people are ever anticipated and retrenched in their means of prosperity, there can neither now nor hereafter be any hope of deriving any thing considerable from them because men must have before they can give. ;

* Were the country peopled, and the inhabitants of New Netherland somewhat prosperous, there would be means here to strengthen the finances by common consent, without embarrassing the people. Meanwhile it is to be borne in mind, something always can be effected even in its present condition. * This would be a great advantage for the beginner ; it could be effected without prejudice to this State, and be thus accomplished. If your High Mightinesses were to cause to be published here, that tobacco entered and shipped in New Netherland, should not be subject to, but be exempt from all charges, and that all tobacco arriving from any other port of North America, be it from New England or Virginia, must pay as much as that received from New Netherland hath paid heretofore, that is, 3 stiv. per pound.

268 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. great encouragement to the planters who convert the forest into farms.i and be better also for their laborers who could thus be supplied with all necessaries.^ IV. Also permission to export, sell, and barter grain, timber and all other wares and merchandise, the produce of this country,^ every way and every where your High Mightinesses have allies, and have granted to the Netherlanders the privilege of trade and resort.^ V.

268 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. great encouragement to the planters who convert the forest into farms.i and be better also for their laborers who could thus be supplied with all necessaries.^ IV. Also permission to export, sell, and barter grain, timber and all other wares and merchandise, the produce of this country,^ every way and every where your High Mightinesses have allies, and have granted to the Netherlanders the privilege of trade and resort.^ V. That your High Mightinesses would please to grant Privileges and Freedoms^ to the inhabitants for the encouragement of the fisheries,'' which many suppose were good and profitable heretofore, and would hereafter be of great importance.'

Of Protection.

Thirdly. We humbly beseech your High Mightinesses to be pleased to determine and so to establish the boundaries of this country both north and south, ^ that all causes of difference, discord and trouble may be cut off,' that your High Mightinesses' subjects'" may live and ' Tobacco planting is one of the most suitable means of converting the forest into farms. As people in New Netherland endeavor to have several corn fields and bouweries, it ought therefore be encouraged, especially as tobacco now rates low. ^ For, all skippers and traders would then be eager for the tobacco, which now they neither can nor -will regard; for this reason the poor planters, who must perforin the heaviest labor, remain unaccommodated and recHess. Good and profitable trade would also accrue by fetching tobacco from Virginia and elsewhere, were privileges granted for so doing, to the great benefit of the inhabitants and the revenue. ' As there are already divers articles, and with population many could be produced there, several handsome things besides could also be accomplished for the advantage of the inhabitants and the revenue. * Without that, there is not always an opportunity, and if that be not permitted they are bound to convey the goods they carry, direct to Fatherland.

Good and profitable trade would also accrue by fetching tobacco from Virginia and elsewhere, were privileges granted for so doing, to the great benefit of the inhabitants and the revenue. ' As there are already divers articles, and with population many could be produced there, several handsome things besides could also be accomplished for the advantage of the inhabitants and the revenue. * Without that, there is not always an opportunity, and if that be not permitted they are bound to convey the goods they carry, direct to Fatherland. The Company will readily permit the contrary, but heavy import and export duties must be paid. So many inspections and exactions must also be endured that no profit is realized before ambition is destroyed. Our neighbors in New England, on the contrary, trade where they list, without knowing either duty or inspection. '^ The fisheries first and mainly placed New England on its legs and, were our people privileged, would be a source of considerable profit to the country also. ^ That no others should be at liberty to fish there, or participate therein directly or indirectly, except those interested thereunto specially privileged. ' The rather because we have had some proofs of it, and it is the same sea and facility which render our neighbors prosperous. * That the settlement of the boundary be effected. The English in that quarter readily admit that the country is justly ours; but their pretence [is] the richness of the land and that it lies waste; also,

Our neighbors in New England, on the contrary, trade where they list, without knowing either duty or inspection. '^ The fisheries first and mainly placed New England on its legs and, were our people privileged, would be a source of considerable profit to the country also. ^ That no others should be at liberty to fish there, or participate therein directly or indirectly, except those interested thereunto specially privileged. ' The rather because we have had some proofs of it, and it is the same sea and facility which render our neighbors prosperous. * That the settlement of the boundary be effected. The English in that quarter readily admit that the country is justly ours; but their pretence [is] the richness of the land and that it lies waste; also,

the Company will do nothing but protest, which they disregard, when admonished. Therefore, this matter is very urgent, if we are not to be scoffed at by that nation and lose the country. To attack them by force is too dangerous and inexpedient for New Netherland. But their own offer is not unworthy consideration ;

for they frankly say -- We have taken the land which was entirely, or for the most part, waste, and now occupy it ; ye say 'tis your's. Let us remain friends like our sovereigns, and refer this question to both your, and our superiors ; what they do or order in the premises, we must admit, and neither of us will gain any thing by talk. ' On this point the English say -- we should live with the Dutch as brothers, were we not, first, too grossly

for they frankly say -- We have taken the land which was entirely, or for the most part, waste, and now occupy it ; ye say 'tis your's. Let us remain friends like our sovereigns, and refer this question to both your, and our superiors ; what they do or order in the premises, we must admit, and neither of us will gain any thing by talk. ' On this point the English say -- we should live with the Dutch as brothers, were we not, first, too grossly

afi'ronted by the Directors, and secondly, had we not to snarl, like two dogs, for this dainty morsel, or such like. '" Both English and Dutch in that country are under your protection.

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS: IV. 269 dwell in peace and quietness,^ and enjoy their liberty, in trade and commerce within the established boundaries.^ II. Also, that your High Mightinesses be pleased to preserve us in peace with the

neighboring Republics, Colonies, and others your High Mightinesses' allies,^ so that we may pursue our country's trade without let or hindrance, under proper regulations from your High Mightinesses,^ as well along the coast from Terra Nova to Cape Florida as to the West Indies and to Europe, wherever the Lord our God shall be pleased to permit it.^ III. And thirdly, in order to make manifest your High Mightinesses earnest support of this

Province^ to those who may be incredulous on that point,' we respectfully entreat your High Mightinesses to quarter a company or two of soldiers here, for the defence of those dwelling at a distance,^ and of newly rising plantations until by our improvements' we shall dread neither Indians'" nor other enemies," and be even able to prevent their mischievous acts.'^ All this have we concluded, with humble reverence, to propose according to our limited knowledge and understanding,'^ earnestly supplicating your High Mightinesses, for the love of New Netherland, which now lies at its extremity,'^ as is to be seen in our annexed Remonstrance, to be pleased to direct your attention thereto, according to your wise and provident counsel,

Province^ to those who may be incredulous on that point,' we respectfully entreat your High Mightinesses to quarter a company or two of soldiers here, for the defence of those dwelling at a distance,^ and of newly rising plantations until by our improvements' we shall dread neither Indians'" nor other enemies," and be even able to prevent their mischievous acts.'^ All this have we concluded, with humble reverence, to propose according to our limited knowledge and understanding,'^ earnestly supplicating your High Mightinesses, for the love of New Netherland, which now lies at its extremity,'^ as is to be seen in our annexed Remonstrance, to be pleased to direct your attention thereto, according to your wise and provident counsel,

' Without quarreling about boundaries. ' Both with Christians and Indians the English endeavor to exclude us from the ; latter, so as, by that means, to monopolize all the profits of the Wampum trade to themselves. Therefore, inasmuch as the lands, jurisdiction and navigable rivers are ours, and the English have free trade with us, care ought to be taken of this. ' Namely, with the English who are beyond our limits, and with New France, Virginia and the Carribean

West India Islands, &c., known to your High Mightinesses better than to us. " For the Company's regulations are so selfish, onerous and intolerable, yea, so devoid of good faith, that it is impossible to act with them. * For if our trade and commerce be more restricted than that of our neighbors, who are at liberty to trade with all the world that England traffics with, it will be very disadvantageous to us and the country. To exhibit your High Mightinesses' intentions towards New Netherland. *

West India Islands, &c., known to your High Mightinesses better than to us. " For the Company's regulations are so selfish, onerous and intolerable, yea, so devoid of good faith, that it is impossible to act with them. * For if our trade and commerce be more restricted than that of our neighbors, who are at liberty to trade with all the world that England traffics with, it will be very disadvantageous to us and the country. To exhibit your High Mightinesses' intentions towards New Netherland. *

For our neighbors frequently laugh at us. The works testify, the forts speak and express the earnest '

intentions the States bear towards this country. This greatly emboldens them and causes them to despise the country and its inhabitants. ' For the support of the outside people in addition to the garrisoning of the fortresses and as the people ;

first begin to establish colonies or plantations, these expenses might in the course of time be reimbursed out of the revenue of New Netherland, but your High Mightinesses must at first meet the outlays. For the country cannot sink in the beginning into helplessness, and New Netherland will come into condition, if some gentlemen privately, or what in our opinion would be better, if your High Mightinesses were to make some disbursements. ' Well understood, by population, good morals and prosperity.

'" The Indians are of little consequence were there one thousand or two thousand men more than there are ;

now, the natives would be obliged to forego and suppress all their arrogance and designs. " Who may come from out side, or from one side, as Pirates, Englishmen, Swedes, or such like. " With previous advice and order of your High Mightinesses, Excipiunt tamen suhitce necessarice et

For the country cannot sink in the beginning into helplessness, and New Netherland will come into condition, if some gentlemen privately, or what in our opinion would be better, if your High Mightinesses were to make some disbursements. ' Well understood, by population, good morals and prosperity.

'" The Indians are of little consequence were there one thousand or two thousand men more than there are ;

now, the natives would be obliged to forego and suppress all their arrogance and designs. " Who may come from out side, or from one side, as Pirates, Englishmen, Swedes, or such like. " With previous advice and order of your High Mightinesses, Excipiunt tamen suhitce necessarice et

improvises differenticB. " Not as orders and rules, but simply as our opinions. "If your High Mightinesses please to believe us, we say, and it is a moral certainty -- we now depart if

without the business being accomplished, there will not be another opportunity or season to remedy New Netherland, for the Enghsh will annex it.

270 NEW-YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. and to interpret most favorably this our presumption. We pray and hope that the name of New Netherland and the conversion of the Heathen, which ought to be hastened,^ will move '

your High Mightinesses hereunto. Awaiting, therefore, a happy deliverance, we commend your High Mightinesses' persons and deliberations to the protection of the Almighty, and remain your High Mightinesses' humble and obedient servants.

Written in the name and on the behalf of the Commonalty of New Netherland, the 26 July, of this year of our Lord Jesus Christ, XVI"= and forty-nine, in New Amsterdam, on the Island Manhattans, in New Netherland. (Signed) Adriaen van der Donck. AuGUSTiN Herman. Arnoldus van Hardenberg. Jacob van Kouwenhoven. Oloff Stevens. Michel Jansen. Thomas Hal. Elbert Elbertsen. • - Govert Lokermans. . ' - : Hbnrick Henricksen Kip.

Awaiting, therefore, a happy deliverance, we commend your High Mightinesses' persons and deliberations to the protection of the Almighty, and remain your High Mightinesses' humble and obedient servants.

Written in the name and on the behalf of the Commonalty of New Netherland, the 26 July, of this year of our Lord Jesus Christ, XVI"= and forty-nine, in New Amsterdam, on the Island Manhattans, in New Netherland. (Signed) Adriaen van der Donck. AuGUSTiN Herman. Arnoldus van Hardenberg. Jacob van Kouwenhoven. Oloff Stevens. Michel Jansen. Thomas Hal. Elbert Elbertsen. • - Govert Lokermans. . ' - : Hbnrick Henricksen Kip. Jan Evertsen Bout.

' Otherwise it will be a shame and a disgrace for our nation. ' The English and French hare, each in their way, already done their duty in this regard. Nevertheless, we are older than they in that country, and therefore ought also to begin. Prcestat sero quam nanquam.

REMONSTRANCE

NEW NETHERLAND,

THE OCCURRENCES THERE.

ADDRESSED

TO THE HIGH AND MIGHTY LORDS STATES GENERAL OF THE UNITED NETHERLANDS,

THE PEOPLE OF NEW NETHERUND,

On the 28th July, 1649.

,.(! yi i:

Tbansceibed from the authenticated copy of the Remonstrance, containing 83 pages, remaining in the Royal Archives at the Hague, in the Lokttkas of the States GeneralRubric West Indische Compagnie, No. 30; 4th division of the Bundle. ;

Note. --The figures in the body of the text, within parenthesis, refer to the commencement of the pages of the volume in the State Library, entitled : Vertoogh van Nieu-Neder-Land Weghens de Gheleghentheydl, Vruchlhaerheydt, en Soberen Staet desselfs. In 's Graven-Hage, Ghedruckt by Michiel Slael, Bouck-verkooper woonende op 't Buyten-Hof, tegen-over de Gevange-Poort, 1650. Sm. 4to pp. 49.

Tbansceibed from the authenticated copy of the Remonstrance, containing 83 pages, remaining in the Royal Archives at the Hague, in the Lokttkas of the States GeneralRubric West Indische Compagnie, No. 30; 4th division of the Bundle. ;

Note. --The figures in the body of the text, within parenthesis, refer to the commencement of the pages of the volume in the State Library, entitled : Vertoogh van Nieu-Neder-Land Weghens de Gheleghentheydl, Vruchlhaerheydt, en Soberen Staet desselfs. In 's Graven-Hage, Ghedruckt by Michiel Slael, Bouck-verkooper woonende op 't Buyten-Hof, tegen-over de Gevange-Poort, 1650. Sm. 4to pp. 49.

=,;jI wM w;;

CONTENTS

REMONSTRANCE OF THE DEPUTIES

NEW NETHERLAND.

Page. KEPRESENTATION OF NEW NETHERLAND AS REGARDS ITS LOCATION, PRODUCTIVENESS AND POOR CONDITION, 275

OF TUE AMERICANS, OR NATIVES, THEIR APPEARANCE, OCCUPATION, AND FOOD, 281

BY WHOM NEW NETHERLAND WAS FIRST OCCUPIED, AND HOW FAR ITS BOUNDARIES EXTEND, 283

OF THE FRESH RIVER, 286

OP THE DUTCH TITLE TO THE FRESH RIVER, 287

OF THE RODENBERGH, BY THE ENGLISH CALLED NEW HAVEN; AND OF OTHER PLACES OF MINOR IMPORTANCE, 288

OF THE SOUTH RIVER AND THE BOUNDARIES THEREABOUT, 289

OF THE SOUTH BAY AND SOUTH RIVER, 290

OP THE CONVENIENCE AND EXCELLENCE OF THE WATERS, 293

OF THE REASONS AND CAUSE OF THE GREAT DECAY OF NEW NETHERLAND, 295

THE ADMINISTRATION OF DIRECTOR KIEFT, IN PARTICULAR, 304

THE ADMINISTRATION OF DIRECTOR STUYVESANT, IN PARTICULAR, 307

IN WHAT MANNER NEW NETHERLAND SHOULD BE RELIEVED, 317

Vol. I. 35

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS: IV, 275

(3) REPRESENTATION OF NEW NETHERLAND, AS REGARDS ITS LOCATION, PRODUCTIVENESS AND POOR CONDITION.

OF THE SOUTH BAY AND SOUTH RIVER, 290

OP THE CONVENIENCE AND EXCELLENCE OF THE WATERS, 293

OF THE REASONS AND CAUSE OF THE GREAT DECAY OF NEW NETHERLAND, 295

THE ADMINISTRATION OF DIRECTOR KIEFT, IN PARTICULAR, 304

THE ADMINISTRATION OF DIRECTOR STUYVESANT, IN PARTICULAR, 307

IN WHAT MANNER NEW NETHERLAND SHOULD BE RELIEVED, 317

Vol. I. 35

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS: IV, 275

(3) REPRESENTATION OF NEW NETHERLAND, AS REGARDS ITS LOCATION, PRODUCTIVENESS AND POOR CONDITION.

navigable waters and trade, those who bear the name of Netherlanders will very foTforeign naviga"-

easily be able to hold their rank among the foremost, as is sufficiently known to trade.""'"' all those who have in any wise saluted the threshold of history. It will, in like

manner, be also, confirmed by our following Relation, for in the year of Christ 1G09, discovered at the expense of the General East India Company -- though directing '!> ""'-'' Sbip naive their aim and design elsewhere -- by the ship de Halve Mane, whereof Henry Hudson was master and factor. It was aftewards named New Netherland by oui" Netherland

people, and that very justly, for it was first discovered, and taken possession of, by resembles nd in mauy Netherlanders and at their expense, so that even at the present day, the natives of the country, (who are so old as to remember the event)' testify, •' J that on seeing o ^hcn the indh ' ^ fIrBt eaw tlie sh the Dutch ships on their first coming here, they knew not what to make of them, f{'w!!^°*nie"'irn

people, and that very justly, for it was first discovered, and taken possession of, by resembles nd in mauy Netherlanders and at their expense, so that even at the present day, the natives of the country, (who are so old as to remember the event)' testify, •' J that on seeing o ^hcn the indh ' ^ fIrBt eaw tlie sh the Dutch ships on their first coming here, they knew not what to make of them, f{'w!!^°*nie"'irn

and could not comprehend, whether they came down from Heaven or whether wo'rw or people'.' they were Devils. Some among them, on its first approach, even imagined it to be a fish, or some sea monster, so that a strange rumor concerning it flew throughout the whole country. We have heard the Indians also frequently say, that they knew of no other world or people previous to the arrival of the Netherlanders here. For these reasons, therefore, and on account of the similarity of Climate, Situation and fertility, this place is rightly called New Netherland. It is situate along the North Coast of America, in the latitude of 38, 39, 40, 41, Nel'Knd' ^^ 42 degrees, or thereabouts. It is bounded on the North East side by New Bmmdary of Ne •' Nutlierland. England, on the South West by Virginia ; the coast trends mostly South West and North East, and is washed by the Ocean ; on the North runs the river of Canada, a great way oft' in the interior; the North West side is partly still unknown. (4) The land of itself is fertile, and capable of being entirely cultivated by an abundance of people, were it judiciously divided according to circumstances. The climate here is pleasant, ' and more temperate than in Netherland. "^ The eiimate te The perate i> the noi ;

England, on the South West by Virginia ; the coast trends mostly South West and North East, and is washed by the Ocean ; on the North runs the river of Canada, a great way oft' in the interior; the North West side is partly still unknown. (4) The land of itself is fertile, and capable of being entirely cultivated by an abundance of people, were it judiciously divided according to circumstances. The climate here is pleasant, ' and more temperate than in Netherland. "^ The eiimate te The perate i> the noi ;

winds are changeable and blow from all points, but generally from the South Mivation"'' or' 1

west and North west: The summer furnishes the first of these, the winter the °°°°"'^' latter, which sometimes blows very sharply, but it is, nevertheless, the preservation

of the country, in regard of the public health ; for, being very bracing and pure, it drives all damps and superfluous moisture very far from the land, or exhausts

)

276 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. The coMt of New itself. The Coast is oarenerally clean and sandy the Foreland doubles or is broken ; Nelherland clean, i« J .; •

o'l'%'rb!'oken''tato into Islands. To the east of the North River lies Long Island, about 40 leagues islands. j^ length, forming a fine wide river which opens into the Ocean at each extremity and affords a very convenient passage inside, along the shores, without much risk from the Sea, on account of the great abundance of safe bays and other The East river is a anchorage grounds; so that vessels can securely sail through it, both Eastward

o'l'%'rb!'oken''tato into Islands. To the east of the North River lies Long Island, about 40 leagues islands. j^ length, forming a fine wide river which opens into the Ocean at each extremity and affords a very convenient passage inside, along the shores, without much risk from the Sea, on account of the great abundance of safe bays and other The East river is a anchorage grounds; so that vessels can securely sail through it, both Eastward

and Westward, even in the winter. There are several inlets along the south coast, before reaching the South River, but they are mostly muddy and sandy; nevertheless, with proper experience, they could be made use of. Inside these again, are large bays and valleys, but the bays are for the most part shallow. The foreland is Qn the Sea side the land is commonly sandy or compact r o ^' not (s'inaelach(ich), sandy and arm. _ . \

very high, yet tolerably fertile, so that it is for the most part covered with handsome trees. Of the mountains, hills. Hats 'aiit^ysa»d The Couutry' generally is in many places ° •' ,,, hilly, with some high Mountains,

likewise many very fine Flats and Maize lands, together with extensive Valleys, some of which are salt, others again are fresh ; all very good Meadows. With the exception of the Maize lands, flats and valleys, which have few or no trees and could with little labor be converted into good tillage land, the soil is

commonly covered with all sorts of timber standing, however, without order as in other wildernesses. The Seasons; The SeasoHS hsre are about the same as in Netherland, but the summer is also the Weather, Warmer and begins more suddenly the winter is cold, and far in the interior, or ;

With the exception of the Maize lands, flats and valleys, which have few or no trees and could with little labor be converted into good tillage land, the soil is

commonly covered with all sorts of timber standing, however, without order as in other wildernesses. The Seasons; The SeasoHS hsre are about the same as in Netherland, but the summer is also the Weather, Warmer and begins more suddenly the winter is cold, and far in the interior, or ;

towards the most northern part, colder than in Netherland 'tis likewise subject ;

to a great deal of Snow which also remains a long time, far in the interior however, 3, fully 4 @ 5 months on the ground it ; but near the Seacoast quickly dissolved by the Southerly wind moreover. Thunder, Lightning, Rain, is ;

a-bouithesameasinheavy^ showers. Hail, Snow, Rime, Dew, Frost and such like are the same here Netherland. as in Netherland, except that in summer 'tis subject to more sudden tornadoes.

kuiVof'eropVwilh The soil is fit and adapted to the bearing of all kinds both of Winter and "''"' Nmheriand. ™ Summer crops, and that with less labor and tilling than in Netherland. It

Of the timber fonnd produces sevcral kinds of timber, suitable for the construction of houses and ships, in New Netherland. ^^ ,, .

be they large or small, consisting of various sorts of oak, to wit: ^ .

Post-oak, ,. , -- ^ ,

smooth white bark, rough white bark, grey bark, black bark and still another sort, which, by reason of its softness, is called butter oak ; (5) but it is the poorest of all, and not very valuable. The others, if cultivated as in Netherland, would be as good as any Flemish or Brabant oaks ; various sorts of Nut timber, such

be they large or small, consisting of various sorts of oak, to wit: ^ .

Post-oak, ,. , -- ^ ,

smooth white bark, rough white bark, grey bark, black bark and still another sort, which, by reason of its softness, is called butter oak ; (5) but it is the poorest of all, and not very valuable. The others, if cultivated as in Netherland, would be as good as any Flemish or Brabant oaks ; various sorts of Nut timber, such

ftd'^i'i^N.'NeSlr-' ^s oil nut, large and small ; hickory, also large and small. This timber is very '"'"'• abundant here, and much used as which it is also right well firewood, for

adapted; Chestnuts, as in Netherland, but they grow wild without regularity; three sorts of Beeches, such as the water-beech,' common beech and hedge beech, axhandle wood, two sorts of canoe wood,^ ash, birch, pine, lathwood, Imberen or wild cedar, linden, alder, willow, thorn, elder, with divers other species adapted

'Sometimes called by farmers, Blue beech. (Carpinus Americanus. ' Liriodendron Tuli['ifera. Johnson. -- Ed.

HOLLAND. DOCUMENTS: IV. 277 to many purposes, but tiie names thereof are unknown to us; we will gladly submit them to carpenters for further examination. The fruits which the country naturally produces consist chiefly of acorns, some or ihe fruits indiof them very sweet, nuts of various sorts, chestnuts, beechnuts, but not many, ^^ymuiberrys, plums, medlars, wild cherries and black currants, gooseberries, abundance of hazel nuts, small apples, a great abundance of strawberries throughout the entire country with considerable other fruits and roots, of which the Indians make use. There are also quantities of bill-berries or blue-berries together with ground nuts and artichokes. Almost the whole country, as well the forests as or the vines, and the maize lands and flats, is full but principally -- of vines, they had been as if

The fruits which the country naturally produces consist chiefly of acorns, some or ihe fruits indiof them very sweet, nuts of various sorts, chestnuts, beechnuts, but not many, ^^ymuiberrys, plums, medlars, wild cherries and black currants, gooseberries, abundance of hazel nuts, small apples, a great abundance of strawberries throughout the entire country with considerable other fruits and roots, of which the Indians make use. There are also quantities of bill-berries or blue-berries together with ground nuts and artichokes. Almost the whole country, as well the forests as or the vines, and the maize lands and flats, is full but principally -- of vines, they had been as if

planted there -- around and along the banks of the brooks, streams and rivers which course and flow in abundance very conveniently and agreeably all through the land. The grapes are of many varieties; some white, some blue, some very fleshy and fit only to make raisins of; some again are juicy, some very large, others on the contrary small; their juice is pleasant and some of it white, like French or Rhenish Wine ; that of others, again, a very deep red, like Tent some ;

even paler; the vines run far up the trees and are shaded by their leaves, so that the grapes are slow in ripening and a little sour, but were cultivation and knowledge applied here, doubtless as fine Wines would then be made as in any other wine growing countries. As for the rest, all fruits which will grow in Netherland will also thrive in New Netherland, without requiring as much care as must be given to the former. All garden fruits succeed likewise very well there, but are drier. The larden fruits

even paler; the vines run far up the trees and are shaded by their leaves, so that the grapes are slow in ripening and a little sour, but were cultivation and knowledge applied here, doubtless as fine Wines would then be made as in any other wine growing countries. As for the rest, all fruits which will grow in Netherland will also thrive in New Netherland, without requiring as much care as must be given to the former. All garden fruits succeed likewise very well there, but are drier. The larden fruits

sweeter and better flavored than in As a proof of this, we may " '" n. Nether- Netherland. properly instance melons and citrons or water-melons, which readily grow, in New Netherland, in the fields, if the briars and weeds be only kept from them, whereas in Netherland they require particular attention in gardens, either from amateurs or those who raise them for profit, and yet are not near as perfect nor as palatable as they usually are in New Netherland. All kinds of pumpkins, or such like, grow there much drier, sweeter, more delicious, and of better flavor, which is

caused by the temperateness and pleasantness of the climate. The domestic cattle are (0) here in size and other respects about the same as in of Domestic eattie,

Netherland, but the English cows and swine thrive and feed best; yea, appear to ihnve io n. Netherbe better suited to this country than those from Holland ; they require also less trouble, expense and attention, for it is not necessary to look so much after the inferior stock, such as swine, in winter; but if done in some sort, whenever there is deep snow, 'twill be so much the better. Milch cows, also are much less trouble than in Holland, for, most of the time, or when necessity demands, a little hay is only occasionally thrown to them.

Netherbe better suited to this country than those from Holland ; they require also less trouble, expense and attention, for it is not necessary to look so much after the inferior stock, such as swine, in winter; but if done in some sort, whenever there is deep snow, 'twill be so much the better. Milch cows, also are much less trouble than in Holland, for, most of the time, or when necessity demands, a little hay is only occasionally thrown to them. The Wild animals here consist principally of lions,^ but thev are few; bears, orthewiid animals r ,.,, of which there are ,, many; elks, a great number of deer, some of which are and wliat thej are.

entirely white and others wholly black, but the latter are very rare. The Indians say that the white deer have a great retinue of other deer, by which they are

• Cougar or Panther. - In the early settlement of this state, thia animal was believed to be a lion." Natural History of New-York, part I., Mammalia, 48. -- Ed.

;

NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. highly esteemed, beloved and honored, and that it is quite the contrary with

regard to those that are black. There are, besides, divers other large animals in the interior, but they are unknown to Christians ; also, wolves, but dangerous only to small cattle; likewise beavers, otters, fishers, catamounts, foxes, racoons, minks, hares, muskrats about as large as cats, martens and squirrels, some of which can even fly there are, besides, woodchucks and divers other small ;

NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. highly esteemed, beloved and honored, and that it is quite the contrary with

regard to those that are black. There are, besides, divers other large animals in the interior, but they are unknown to Christians ; also, wolves, but dangerous only to small cattle; likewise beavers, otters, fishers, catamounts, foxes, racoons, minks, hares, muskrats about as large as cats, martens and squirrels, some of which can even fly there are, besides, woodchucks and divers other small ;

animals, but for the most part, as we are informed, unknown to the Christians. Of tho Land birds. The country is in no wise deprived of its share of birds, for there are found great numbers of birds of prey, such as: two varieties of Eagles, some they name white heads,' whicii have a white head, white tail and white striking feathers the others are the common. Also, Hawks, Sakers, Sparrowhawks, Duck-hawks, (steencryters), Chicken-hawks and various other sorts, all birds of prey, and

capable of being trained and used for falconry, though some of them differ somewhat in shape from those in Netherland. Here is, also, a bird of a white color with a head like a cat's, and a body like a big owl. We know no name for it in Dutch. In France they call it Gra?id dux,^ and it is held in high estimation. The other land birds consist mostly of Turkeys, the same as in Netherland, but wild, and best and plentiest in winter; also various sorts of Partridges, some smaller, some larger, than in Netherland Plover, wood and water Snipe, Pheasants, ;

Here is, also, a bird of a white color with a head like a cat's, and a body like a big owl. We know no name for it in Dutch. In France they call it Gra?id dux,^ and it is held in high estimation. The other land birds consist mostly of Turkeys, the same as in Netherland, but wild, and best and plentiest in winter; also various sorts of Partridges, some smaller, some larger, than in Netherland Plover, wood and water Snipe, Pheasants, ;

Heath-hens, also Cranes, Herons, Bitterns, multitudes of Pigeons closely resembling wood pigeons, but a little smaller ; likewise, Quails, Merlins, Thrushes, Sand-pipers, but differing in some repects from the Dutch species. There are also other small birds, some of which sing, but the names of most of them are unknown to us, and woutd also take too long to enumerate. Of the Waterfowl. Different sorts of water fowl likewise are found there, which are all very good and fit to eat; such as Swans, similar to those in Netherland, and fully as large; three species of Geese, to wit, grey geese, which are the largest and best; (7) Brant geese,^ and White heads Ducks of various sorts Widgeons, Divers, Coots, ; ;

Spoonbills and several other kinds, but not so numerous as the foregoing. Various Borts of The rivcr Fish here is almost the same as in Netherland, and consists of Salmon, Sturgeon, Striped-bass, Drum-fish, Shad, Carp, Perch, Pike, Trout, Roach, Bull-heads, Suckers, Sun-fish, Eels, Nine-eyes or lampreys, but much more abundant and larger than in Netherland; there are various other species of fish, of which we know not the names. Various sorts of sea In the Saltwater are found cod-fish, shell-fish, weak-fish, herring, mackerel, thornbacks, flounders, plaice, sheeps-heads, (stecnbrnsems,) black-fish, sharks, (zeehonden,) tamyns^ and divers others, together with lobsters, crabs, concks, from which the Indians make white and black wampum, abundance of oysters and

Various Borts of The rivcr Fish here is almost the same as in Netherland, and consists of Salmon, Sturgeon, Striped-bass, Drum-fish, Shad, Carp, Perch, Pike, Trout, Roach, Bull-heads, Suckers, Sun-fish, Eels, Nine-eyes or lampreys, but much more abundant and larger than in Netherland; there are various other species of fish, of which we know not the names. Various sorts of sea In the Saltwater are found cod-fish, shell-fish, weak-fish, herring, mackerel, thornbacks, flounders, plaice, sheeps-heads, (stecnbrnsems,) black-fish, sharks, (zeehonden,) tamyns^ and divers others, together with lobsters, crabs, concks, from which the Indians make white and black wampum, abundance of oysters and

' Faleo leucocephalus. White headed or Bald Eagle. Nuttal. ' Slrix Virginiana. Wilson. The Great Horned Owl, often called the Cat Owl. Natural Ilislory of New- York. Pai-t II., Ornithology, 24. ' Rotganzen. Writing of the Brant Goose, Nuttal says: the navigator Barent, found multitudes sitting on their eggs about the 21st June, 1695, in tlie great bay called Wibe Janz Water; and to his amazement, discoveivd them to be the Kotgamev. Oiuiilwlogy -- Water birds, 8vo., 301. ^ In the piinted volume 'tis, Jfanyns. -- Kd.

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS: IV. 279 muscles, with many other similar sorts of shell fish resembling each other, with the names of which we are not acquainted. There are, also, both sea and laud tortoises. The venomous reptiles found there, consist chiefly of adders and lizards, but repliles.andolwliut or the vennmous •'

they do little or no harm; there are various sorts of snakes, but not dangerous; ""ey^o'isiif they possibly can, they retreat before people (else they are usually killed) except the rattle-snake, which has a rattle on the tail, wherewith it makes a very loud noise whenever it is angry, or intends to bite; it grows a joint longer every year. This snake is very malignant and not inclined to retreat before a man or any other creature.

they do little or no harm; there are various sorts of snakes, but not dangerous; ""ey^o'isiif they possibly can, they retreat before people (else they are usually killed) except the rattle-snake, which has a rattle on the tail, wherewith it makes a very loud noise whenever it is angry, or intends to bite; it grows a joint longer every year. This snake is very malignant and not inclined to retreat before a man or any other creature. Whoever is bit by one runs great risk of his life, if not immediately attended to; but the best of it is, they are not numerous; and the true Serpentaria grows spontaneously here, which is very highly prized by the Indians, as being an unfailing cure. The Medicinal plants discovered up to the present time in New Netherland, or the medicinal

after a little search, are, principally, as far as they have come to our knowledge, Capelli veneris (Maidenhair), Scholopendria (Hounds tongue), Angelica (Belly-ache root), Poly-podium, (Fern), Verbascum album (white Mullein), Calceus sacerdotis vel

Marie^ (Moccasin plant), Atriylex hortensis vol marina (garden or marine Orach) Chordum turriles (tower Mustard), Calamus aromaticus (Sweet flag), Sassafrax (Sassafras), Roeis virginiarum^ (Sumach), Ranunculus (Crowfoot), Plantago (Plantain), Bursa pasloris (Shepherd's Malva (Mallow), Origanum purse), (Marjoram), Geranium (Crane's bill), Althea (Marsh mallows), Cineroton pseudodaphne (Spice bush), Viola (Violet), Irias (Blue flag), Indigo silvestris (wild Indigo), Sigilium salamonis (Solomon's seal). Sanguis draconium (Dragons blood), Consolida (Comfrey), Millefolium (Milfoil), several species of Fern, various wild lilies. Agrimony, (wild Leek), Cardmts benediclus (Blessed Thistle), Serpentaria (Snakeroot), Indian figs, which grow on the leaves, Tarragon (Wormwood),

Marie^ (Moccasin plant), Atriylex hortensis vol marina (garden or marine Orach) Chordum turriles (tower Mustard), Calamus aromaticus (Sweet flag), Sassafrax (Sassafras), Roeis virginiarum^ (Sumach), Ranunculus (Crowfoot), Plantago (Plantain), Bursa pasloris (Shepherd's Malva (Mallow), Origanum purse), (Marjoram), Geranium (Crane's bill), Althea (Marsh mallows), Cineroton pseudodaphne (Spice bush), Viola (Violet), Irias (Blue flag), Indigo silvestris (wild Indigo), Sigilium salamonis (Solomon's seal). Sanguis draconium (Dragons blood), Consolida (Comfrey), Millefolium (Milfoil), several species of Fern, various wild lilies. Agrimony, (wild Leek), Cardmts benediclus (Blessed Thistle), Serpentaria (Snakeroot), Indian figs, which grow on the leaves, Tarragon (Wormwood),

and numerous other plants and flowers but as we are not skilled in those ;

things, we cannot say much about them. Nevertheless we doubt not but amateurs would be able to find there divers simples of great and varied virtues in which we have confidence, principally because the Indians can cure very severe and dangerous wounds and sores by roots, leaves and other trifles. It is certain that the Indigo Silvestris grows spontaneously here without any or the wild indigo, human aid or cultivation. Without doubt, were there (8) people and were attention turned to it, it could be easily raised ; at least the other species would grow very well here, and yield a good profit. We have seen proof of this in the Colonie of Renscelaerswyck, but it was sown entirely too late and upon a barren rock where there was little earth; though it came well up, but in consequence of the drought turned all yellow, withered and was neglected. Notwithstanding, it is evident that, were it well managed, it would perfectly succeed. Planting of madder would also undoubtedly thrive well, even better than in Zealand, in regard of the lands and other circumstances.

We have seen proof of this in the Colonie of Renscelaerswyck, but it was sown entirely too late and upon a barren rock where there was little earth; though it came well up, but in consequence of the drought turned all yellow, withered and was neglected. Notwithstanding, it is evident that, were it well managed, it would perfectly succeed. Planting of madder would also undoubtedly thrive well, even better than in Zealand, in regard of the lands and other circumstances.

' Calceolus Marianus Caaadenais. Charlevoix, PI. XXXVT. " Qu! Rhus virginicum. -- Ed.

280 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. Various minerals have also been discovered here, both accidentally and bytrifling search ; some experiments have been made on these, according to the Seyeral specime limited means of this country, and they have been found good. Attempts have "'''"'' been made several times to send specimens of them to Fatherland once by ;

Arent van Corenss,' by way of New Haven and England but the ship foundered, ;

and no tidings of it were ever received. Director William Kieft again had several specimens afterwards with him in the ship the Princess, but they were, also, lost with him. The mountains and mines, however, remain, and can easily be found again whenever there is any disposition to incur the trouble and expense. Ja'lTnon''^""'' *"" They have already progressed so far in New England that they east iron pots, cannon, shot and similar articles from the mineral they have there ; and we believe that here it only requires a commencement, for we have, and there are found in New Netherland two sorts of marcasite, white and yellow ; mines of quicksilver, of gold, silver, copper, iron, black lead and hard coal, and there is

The mountains and mines, however, remain, and can easily be found again whenever there is any disposition to incur the trouble and expense. Ja'lTnon''^""'' *"" They have already progressed so far in New England that they east iron pots, cannon, shot and similar articles from the mineral they have there ; and we believe that here it only requires a commencement, for we have, and there are found in New Netherland two sorts of marcasite, white and yellow ; mines of quicksilver, of gold, silver, copper, iron, black lead and hard coal, and there is

little doubt but tin and lead are, also, to be found there; but who will look for them, or who will make any use of them, as long as there is not a larger number of people. The variety of earth Fuller's earth is, also, found here in abundance; likewise bole, and white, red, yellow, blue, grey and black clay, which is very solid and greasy, and would be suitable for many purposes, together with earth for brick and tiles. Here are also mountain crystal, glass like that in Muscovy, great abundance of green Of the Btonea and Serpentine, grey hearth-stone, slate, brown grindstone, flint, pebbles, paving their purposes. , r r , , r , r stones, large quantities of every sort ot quarry stone suitable lor the manufactory of millstones and for the construction of all sorts of buildings. Here also are plume-alum and divers other mordants, which might be applicable to the service Of the paints. of man. There are also various descriptions of dyes here, but the Christians are not experienced in them, though they are seen daily on the Indians who are conversant with, and also make use of them, to paint themselves of divers colors. Were it not for lack of explorers, they could be easily discovered and employed.

Here are also mountain crystal, glass like that in Muscovy, great abundance of green Of the Btonea and Serpentine, grey hearth-stone, slate, brown grindstone, flint, pebbles, paving their purposes. , r r , , r , r stones, large quantities of every sort ot quarry stone suitable lor the manufactory of millstones and for the construction of all sorts of buildings. Here also are plume-alum and divers other mordants, which might be applicable to the service Of the paints. of man. There are also various descriptions of dyes here, but the Christians are not experienced in them, though they are seen daily on the Indians who are conversant with, and also make use of them, to paint themselves of divers colors. Were it not for lack of explorers, they could be easily discovered and employed.

' Areut Corssen. Anno 1645, 6. -- Ed.

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS: IV. 281

(9) OF THE AMERICANS, OR NATIVES THEIR APPEARANCE, OCCUPATION ;

AND FOOD.

The natives are generally well limbed, slender around the waist, broad shouldered; all having black hair and brown eyes; they are very nimble and swift of pace, well adapted to travel on foot and to carry heavy burdens; they are dirty and slovenly in all their habits ; make light of all sorts of hardships, being by nature and from youth upward accustomed thereunto. They resemble Brazilians in color, or are as tawny as those people who sometimes ramble through Netherland and are called Gipsies. Generally, the men have very little ^J;;,^"^'!,^"-^'^ or no beard, some even pluck it out; they use very few words, which they previously well consider. Naturally they are quite modest, without guile and inexperienced, but in their way haughty enough, ready and quick witted to comprehend or learn, be it good or bad, whatever they are most inclined to.

They resemble Brazilians in color, or are as tawny as those people who sometimes ramble through Netherland and are called Gipsies. Generally, the men have very little ^J;;,^"^'!,^"-^'^ or no beard, some even pluck it out; they use very few words, which they previously well consider. Naturally they are quite modest, without guile and inexperienced, but in their way haughty enough, ready and quick witted to comprehend or learn, be it good or bad, whatever they are most inclined to. As soldiers they are far from being honorable, but perfidious and accomplish all their designs by treachery; they also use many stratagems to deceive their enemies and execute by night almost all their plans that are in any way hazardous. The thirst for revenge seems innate in them they are very pertinacious in self ;

defence, when they cannot escape; which, under other circumstances, they like to do; and they make little of death, when it is inevitable, and despise all tortures ^'X 'rtakTth™ '""'^ "" that can be inflicted on them at the stake, exliibiting no faintheartedness, but S."""" generally singing until they are dead. They also know right well how to cure J^ey 'y;"''^oJ7„^ wounds and hurts, or inveterate sores and injuries, by means of herbs and roots "ni ""''idenis. indigenous to the country, and which are known to them. The clothing as well °' °'', iadialT™"^ of men as of women consists of a piece of duffels, or of deerskin leather or elk hide around the body, to cover their nakedness. Some have a bearskin of which they make doublets; others again, coats of the skins of racoons, wild cats, wolves, dogs, fishers, squirrels, beavers and the like; and they even have made themselves some of turkey's feathers; now they make use for the most part of duffels cloth which they obtain in trade from the Christians ; they make their stockings and shoes of deerskins or elk hides, some even have shoes of corn husks whereof they also make sacks.

Some have a bearskin of which they make doublets; others again, coats of the skins of racoons, wild cats, wolves, dogs, fishers, squirrels, beavers and the like; and they even have made themselves some of turkey's feathers; now they make use for the most part of duffels cloth which they obtain in trade from the Christians ; they make their stockings and shoes of deerskins or elk hides, some even have shoes of corn husks whereof they also make sacks. Their money consists of white and black Wampum r tii« indinn cm- •' •' rmoY is white and which they themselves manufacture; their measure and value is the hand or wact wampum. fathom, and if it be corn that is to be measured, 'tis done by the denotas which are bags of their own making. Their ornaments consist of scoring their bodies, or The Indians ecore painting them of various colors, sometimes entirely black, if they are in mourning; ""'lie'i'ywayofol'- but mostly the face. They twine both white and black wampum around their (10) heads; formerly they were not wont to cover these, but now they are beginning to wear bonnets or caps, which they purchase from the Christians ; they wear Wampum in the ears, around the neck and around the waist, and thus in their way are mighty fine. They have also long deers-hair which is dyed red, •whereof they make ringlets to encircle the head; and other fine hair of the same

Vol. I. 36

282 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. color, which hangs around the neck in braids, whereof they are very vain. They frequently smear their skin and hair with all sorts of grease. Almost all of them Wis th?m8dve8''of can swim ; they themselves construct the boats they use, which are of two sorts: ""' ''"'' oTtree".'' souie, of entire trees excavated with fire, axes and adzes ; the Christians call these Canoes; others, again, called also canoes, are made of bark, and in these they can move very rapidly.

282 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. color, which hangs around the neck in braids, whereof they are very vain. They frequently smear their skin and hair with all sorts of grease. Almost all of them Wis th?m8dve8''of can swim ; they themselves construct the boats they use, which are of two sorts: ""' ''"'' oTtree".'' souie, of entire trees excavated with fire, axes and adzes ; the Christians call these Canoes; others, again, called also canoes, are made of bark, and in these they can move very rapidly. Traces, and nothing more, of the institution of marriage can be perceived indiam do not amoug them. The man and woman unite together without any special ceremony, except that the former, by agreement previously made with the latter, presents her with some wampum or cloth, which he frequently takes back on separating,

chaste"* and^ fr^ ^^ ^his occur any way soon. Both men and women are excessively unchaste and '''""'^' re"i?'wive3. lascivious, without the least particle of shame ; and this is the reason that the men so frequently change their wives and the women, their husbands. They have, usually, but one wife ; sometimes even two or three, but this mostly obtains among the chiefs. They have also among them different ranks of people, such as noble and ignoble. The men are generally lazy and will not work until they become old and of no consideration then they make spoons and wooden bowls, ;

traps, nets, and various other such trifles; in other respects, they do nothing but Who do the work fish, hunt and go ° to war. The women must perform the remainder of the labor, among the Indians, and how. such as planting corn, cutting and . ,,,-,• i t i

The men are generally lazy and will not work until they become old and of no consideration then they make spoons and wooden bowls, ;

traps, nets, and various other such trifles; in other respects, they do nothing but Who do the work fish, hunt and go ° to war. The women must perform the remainder of the labor, among the Indians, and how. such as planting corn, cutting and . ,,,-,• i t i

hauling nrewood, cooking, attending the .

?nJtani',°''»nd°iio''w childreu, and whatever else has to be done. Their dwellings are constructed of thej remove. hickory poles set in the ground and bent bow fashion, like arches, and then covered with bark which they peel in quantities for that purpose. Some, but principally the chiefs' houses, have, inside, portraits and pictures somewhat rudely carved. When fishing and hunting, they lie under the blue sky, or little better. They do not remain long in one place, but remove several times a year and repair, according to the season, to wherever food appears to them, beforehand, best and easiest to be obtained.

JreV'ea'ch °iribe"of They arc divided into various tribes and languages. Each tribe usually dwells '"'""" is one among them who is chief; but he does not possess together, and there indinns know of God, but haire much rpower or distinction, except little ^ in their dances and in time of war. Some devil, loThora iiley ^^^^ scarcely any knowledge of God others very little. Nevertheless, they relate ;

They do not remain long in one place, but remove several times a year and repair, according to the season, to wherever food appears to them, beforehand, best and easiest to be obtained.

JreV'ea'ch °iribe"of They arc divided into various tribes and languages. Each tribe usually dwells '"'""" is one among them who is chief; but he does not possess together, and there indinns know of God, but haire much rpower or distinction, except little ^ in their dances and in time of war. Some devil, loThora iiley ^^^^ scarcely any knowledge of God others very little. Nevertheless, they relate ;

make offervery strange fables of the Deity. In general, they have a great dread of the Devil, who gives them wonderful trouble ; some converse freely on the subject and allow themselves to be strangely imposed upon by him but their devils, ;

they say, will not have anything to do with the Dutch. Scarcely a word is heard Offerings are sometimes made to them, but here of any ghost or (11) such like.

with littleThey believe, also, in an Immortality of the soul; have^ ceremony. likewise, some knowledge of the Sun, Moon and Stars, many of which they even know how to name they are passable judges of the weather. There is scarcely ;

Neither law nor auv law or iusticc among them, except sometimes in war matters, and then very '^ losliee among the "^

Indians. little. The next of kin is the avenger; the youngest are the most daring, who mmihrergef g"uM mostly do as they like. Their weapons used to be a war club and the bow and arrow, which they kuow how to use with wonderful skill. Now, those residing

with littleThey believe, also, in an Immortality of the soul; have^ ceremony. likewise, some knowledge of the Sun, Moon and Stars, many of which they even know how to name they are passable judges of the weather. There is scarcely ;

Neither law nor auv law or iusticc among them, except sometimes in war matters, and then very '^ losliee among the "^

Indians. little. The next of kin is the avenger; the youngest are the most daring, who mmihrergef g"uM mostly do as they like. Their weapons used to be a war club and the bow and arrow, which they kuow how to use with wonderful skill. Now, those residing

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS : IV.

near, or trading considerably with the Christians, make use of firelocks and hatchets, which they obtain in barter. They are excessively fond of guns; spare no expense on them, and are so expert with them that, in this respect, they excel many Christians. Their fare, or food, is poor and gross, for they drink water. The im

having no other beverage ; they eat the flesh of all sorts of game that the country ?<»'?•

supplies; even badgers, dogs, eagles, and similar trash, which Christians in no way regard ; these they cook and use uncleansed and undressed. Moreover, all sorts of fish ; likewise, snakes, frogs, and such like, which they usually cook with the offals and entrails. They know, also, how to preserve fish and meat for the winter in order then to cook them with Indian meal. They make their bread, but of very indifferent quality, of maize, which they also cook whole, or broken in wooden mortars. The women likewise perform this labor and make a pap or porridge, called by some, Sapsis, by others, Duundare,^ which is their daily food ; theymix this, also, thoroughly with little beans, of different colors, raised by themselves this is esteemed by them rather as a dainty, than as a ;

They know, also, how to preserve fish and meat for the winter in order then to cook them with Indian meal. They make their bread, but of very indifferent quality, of maize, which they also cook whole, or broken in wooden mortars. The women likewise perform this labor and make a pap or porridge, called by some, Sapsis, by others, Duundare,^ which is their daily food ; theymix this, also, thoroughly with little beans, of different colors, raised by themselves this is esteemed by them rather as a dainty, than as a ;

daily dish.

BY WHOM NEW NBTHERLAND WAS FIRST OCCUPIED, AND HOW FAR ITS BOUNDARIES EXTEND.

That New Netherland was first discovered, owned and settled by Netherlands, The country i» ant ditiCOTered, taken has already been stated; but inasmuch as considerable dispute ' ^ has arisen on this settled p".""''?" "' »"* •* by Nether- '"<'"'• point, not only with the Swedes, who have little pretense, but principally with the English, who have already usurped and settled a great o portion thereof; The Engiuh have appropriated a large 'twill be, therefore, necessary to treat of each in particular somewhat more P""ionoiit. precisely and at large. But inasmuch as divers ingenious persons have treated of this matter in its length and breadth, and as those pretensions are absurd and require but few arguments, we shall dispose thereof as briefly as is in any wise possible. After their (12) High Mightinesses, the Lords States General, were pleased, in the year XVP and twenty-two, to include this Province within the Charter of the West India Company, the latter considered it necessary to take complete possession of this naturally beautiful and noble Province ; this, indeed, did follow in course of time, but according as circumstances permitted, as in all beginnings; for since the year of our Lord XV1'= and twenty-three, four forts have been built there by ^°^^ bun^herer ""kenofpoiseMion. order of the Lords Majors, one on the south point of Manhattans island, at the junction of the East and North rivers, and named New Amsterdam, where the ' Sapsis seems to be a synonym for Sappaen : Duundare is of the Iroquois stock, and means, literally, Boiled bread ; from Onnontara, boiled, and i)a<aroA, bread.

After their (12) High Mightinesses, the Lords States General, were pleased, in the year XVP and twenty-two, to include this Province within the Charter of the West India Company, the latter considered it necessary to take complete possession of this naturally beautiful and noble Province ; this, indeed, did follow in course of time, but according as circumstances permitted, as in all beginnings; for since the year of our Lord XV1'= and twenty-three, four forts have been built there by ^°^^ bun^herer ""kenofpoiseMion. order of the Lords Majors, one on the south point of Manhattans island, at the junction of the East and North rivers, and named New Amsterdam, where the ' Sapsis seems to be a synonym for Sappaen : Duundare is of the Iroquois stock, and means, literally, Boiled bread ; from Onnontara, boiled, and i)a<aroA, bread. See Vocabulary, in Gall., 324; also, Transactions of New-York Ethnological Society, II., 79. --Ed.

284 NEW-YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. staple right of New Netherland is designed to be. Another, called Orange, is in the Colonie Renselaerswyck, thirty-six leagues higher up on the west side of the last named river, three leagues below the Kahoos, or Great falls of the Mohawk kill; but there never has been, as yet, any difference with foreigners wTailT'difflTJify about that (North) river. On the South river stands fort Nassou, and on the about the Nurih p^ggj^ river, the Good Hope. In these four forts there has always been some garrison from the beginning to the present time, though just now they are all T.^'^v '"'"ooV* and '" ^ '^^^y P°°'' condition, both as regards themselves and the garrison. useless. These forts, as well north and south, were located not only to close and command the said rivers, but as far as property by occupation extended, to possess as well all the lands comprehended between them as round about them, and on the opposite side of the river; to declare them the Hon.

In these four forts there has always been some garrison from the beginning to the present time, though just now they are all T.^'^v '"'"ooV* and '" ^ '^^^y P°°'' condition, both as regards themselves and the garrison. useless. These forts, as well north and south, were located not only to close and command the said rivers, but as far as property by occupation extended, to possess as well all the lands comprehended between them as round about them, and on the opposite side of the river; to declare them the Hon. Company's own, and to guard them against all nations whether foreign or indigenous, that would attempt to seize the same against its will and consent. Nevertheless, this has been, but principally on the North east side of New Netherland, in no wise regarded or

o to the Eastward; for notwithstanding sufficient The Enffii^h pav no rre>ril lo fori ""?"• Good fesDected ^ bv the English e residing ••.rr-iiTT possession was already taken by the erection and garrisoning ot tort Good Hope, and no neglect to warn them occasionally has occurred, in order to make known our right, and to protest against them for usurpation, force and violence, yet have they, disregarding all this, seized and occupied, and still retain, the largest and best part of New Netherland, to wit East of the North river, beginning at :

Cape Cod, named in 1600 by our own people New Holland, (whereof also, Their Tiish MiEhii- possession was taken, if we are correctly informed,^ by the erection of their High

o to the Eastward; for notwithstanding sufficient The Enffii^h pav no rre>ril lo fori ""?"• Good fesDected ^ bv the English e residing ••.rr-iiTT possession was already taken by the erection and garrisoning ot tort Good Hope, and no neglect to warn them occasionally has occurred, in order to make known our right, and to protest against them for usurpation, force and violence, yet have they, disregarding all this, seized and occupied, and still retain, the largest and best part of New Netherland, to wit East of the North river, beginning at :

Cape Cod, named in 1600 by our own people New Holland, (whereof also, Their Tiish MiEhii- possession was taken, if we are correctly informed,^ by the erection of their High

New^f!":, 'i? Holland. ^:"^ °' Mightinesses' a arms)/ down to within six leagues " of the North river; for the

English have now a village called Stamfort, from which place a man can reach the North river and return home on a Summer's day, according to the knowledge Th« English are acquired of the Indian paths. Again, the English of New Haven have a Trading theXtih'rTvIr?'"^ post situatc to the East or South east of Magdalen island, at no greater distance than six leagues from the North river; for that island lies on the East side of the North river, 23J leagues above Fort Amsterdam ;2 and the Trading post is established with no other design than to attract or wholly to destroy the entire trade of the North river, where it now passes down entirely free.^ They, moreover, made repeated efforts eight or nine years (13) ago, to purchase a large tract of land from the Indians, as we understood from the latter; this would have been rather with a view to attract the trade than anything else, for it was situate on the east side, not more than three or four leagues from the Colonie of Renselaerswyck.

Again, the English of New Haven have a Trading theXtih'rTvIr?'"^ post situatc to the East or South east of Magdalen island, at no greater distance than six leagues from the North river; for that island lies on the East side of the North river, 23J leagues above Fort Amsterdam ;2 and the Trading post is established with no other design than to attract or wholly to destroy the entire trade of the North river, where it now passes down entirely free.^ They, moreover, made repeated efforts eight or nine years (13) ago, to purchase a large tract of land from the Indians, as we understood from the latter; this would have been rather with a view to attract the trade than anything else, for it was situate on the east side, not more than three or four leagues from the Colonie of Renselaerswyck. These people will now accuse us of this and similar things, all under the pretence of an excessively scrupulous conscience, notwithstanding King James, of most glorious memory, incorporated the Virginia Companies, with a condition

' Soo ons anders de waerlieyt bereclit is. These words are omitted in the printed Vertoogh. 'Magdalen island is opposite the town of Bed Hook, Dutchess county. The trading post was on the the present town of Springfield, Mass. site of = The trade on the Rhine and other European rivers, was subject to toll, which system the agents of the Patroon of Renselaerwyck attempted to establish also on the Hudson. But the attempt was resisted, and failed. -- Ed.

' Soo ons anders de waerlieyt bereclit is. These words are omitted in the printed Vertoogh. 'Magdalen island is opposite the town of Bed Hook, Dutchess county. The trading post was on the the present town of Springfield, Mass. site of = The trade on the Rhine and other European rivers, was subject to toll, which system the agents of the Patroon of Renselaerwyck attempted to establish also on the Hudson. But the attempt was resisted, and failed. -- Ed.

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS : IV. 285 that they must remain apart from each other one hundred miles, according to our '^„''„'' ^"s''

reckoning. They are willing to avail themselves of this grant, but in no wise to one hundred apiirt from comply with the terms stipulated in the patent. other.

All the islands, bays, harbors, rivers, kills and places, even a great way on the The uiandB and

other side of New Holland or Cape Cod, have Dutch names, which were given '"""'^"•

them, long before they had any others, by our Dutch navigators and traders when they first began to discover and trade to those parts. The English themselves are well aware of this, but so long as they can manage it, and things get along to their liking, they will not admit the fact; for those of the Fresh river desired to enter Those of the Fresh river have offered a , 1 I I 1 mto an arrangement, and to pay a yearly acknowledgment, or to purchase the ycarij acknowiedgfee. This, indeed, is proof positive, that the right is well known to them, and they, themselves, had nothing in conscience against it, though they now from

The English themselves are well aware of this, but so long as they can manage it, and things get along to their liking, they will not admit the fact; for those of the Fresh river desired to enter Those of the Fresh river have offered a , 1 I I 1 mto an arrangement, and to pay a yearly acknowledgment, or to purchase the ycarij acknowiedgfee. This, indeed, is proof positive, that the right is well known to them, and they, themselves, had nothing in conscience against it, though they now from

time to time, have forged and invented many things to serve them for a screen or fence, or indeed as a pretext for delay. In like manner those of Rhode Island, when they were at variance with those The orieinai papers of the Bay, solicited leave to take shelter under the Dutch, and to be subject •" > to «">'> with the secretary or Directors them; there are proofs and documents abundance, with the Secretary or "f ">e company. in Directors of the Company, of all these things, and of what we shall relate in the following pages. In short, 'tis thus far with the English, that they are very willing to recognize the Netherlanders, and make use of them as a cloak in time of need, but again when this is past, they regard them not and make fools of them. This proceeds entirely from having neglected to people the country, or to speak plainer and more correctly, from a desire, through motives of selfishness, to scrape all the fat into one or two pots, and therefore to continue trade, and neglect population. Long Island, which is a crown of the province by reason of its great advantage Long uiand is a

In short, 'tis thus far with the English, that they are very willing to recognize the Netherlanders, and make use of them as a cloak in time of need, but again when this is past, they regard them not and make fools of them. This proceeds entirely from having neglected to people the country, or to speak plainer and more correctly, from a desire, through motives of selfishness, to scrape all the fat into one or two pots, and therefore to continue trade, and neglect population. Long Island, which is a crown of the province by reason of its great advantage Long uiand is a

of excellent bays and harbors as well as convenient and fertile lands, they have eS? also entirely usurped, except Breukelen and Amersfoort, two Dutch villages of little moment on the West end and some English settlements, such as ;

Gravesend, Greenwich, Mespat whence the people were driven away in the There are few peo- War and which was afterwards confiscated by Director Kieft, but the proprietor ^"^ '"""^

appealed and so it yet remains, and there are very few people in the place now. Flushing, which is a handsome village and tolerably stocked with cattle; the Flushing is a hand- °°'°^'°"°" fourth and last is Heemstee, which is superior to all the rest, for it is very rich in cattle.

But, now, since we have entered on the subject of Long Island, we shall (14) or Long island in ^"^""''"' treat of it somewhat more at length, because the English greatly hanker after it. The Ocean on the south, and the East river on the north side form this Island, which, as we have already remarked, is a crown of New Netherland, on account of its convenient position, its suitable harbors, and anchorage grounds. The East river, which separates it from Manhathans Island as far as the Hellgate, is tolerably wide and convenient.

But, now, since we have entered on the subject of Long Island, we shall (14) or Long island in ^"^""''"' treat of it somewhat more at length, because the English greatly hanker after it. The Ocean on the south, and the East river on the north side form this Island, which, as we have already remarked, is a crown of New Netherland, on account of its convenient position, its suitable harbors, and anchorage grounds. The East river, which separates it from Manhathans Island as far as the Hellgate, is tolerably wide and convenient. Our freemen have resided on that Island down from the very first, according as circumstances permitted. ao. i64o, a scotch- In the year 1640, a Scotchman came to Director Kieft with an English commission, S^^<i'ti'^»w^'"i^"

;

286 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS.

and claimed this Island ; but his pretension was not much respected ; he therefore again departed without having accomplished any thing except imposing on the lower classes. Afterwards Director Kieft broke up and scattered the English who were desirous to settle at Oyster bay, and thus it remained for

a while at that time. Forre«ier, Dowager In the vcar 1647, 3 Scotchman came here who called himself Captain P'orester, .' ' Starling's Goiernor.

and claimed that Island for the Dowager of Starlingh, whose governor he represented himself to be. He had a commission dated in the XVIIl"" year of King James, but it was not signed by his Majesty nor by any one else. Dependent from it was an old seal that could not be deciphered. His commission included the entire island, with five leagues around, both mainland and islands. He had also a power of attorney from Maria, Dowager of Stearling, and this was all nevertheless, the man was very consequential, and said, on his first arrival, that he came here to see Governor Stuyvesant's commission, and, if it was better than his,he would give way to him; if not, the other must yield.

Dependent from it was an old seal that could not be deciphered. His commission included the entire island, with five leagues around, both mainland and islands. He had also a power of attorney from Maria, Dowager of Stearling, and this was all nevertheless, the man was very consequential, and said, on his first arrival, that he came here to see Governor Stuyvesant's commission, and, if it was better than his,he would give way to him; if not, the other must yield. To be brief, the Director took a copy of the papers, and sent the man over in the ship, the Valckenier ; but he did not reach Holland, for having touched at England he left the vessel there, and never troubled the Captain. The English have since

talked loudly of it, and gave out that he had returned to Boston, but he has not been seen. It is to be feared, were he to come now, that something untoward might really happen, wherefore it would be very wise to hasten the redress of New Netherland.

OF THE FRESH RIVER.

The English, with Sometime after the completion on the Fresh River of Fort Good Hope, which [he"Fr'e3h"'River! was bcgun lu the year 1623, an English schooner arrived there, but Jacob van contmry to protest. ^-,^^^.1^^.^ ^^^ Company's Commissary, protested against it by order of the Director

Wouter van Twiller yet notwithstanding this protest, they came there about ;

a year or two afterwards with some (15) families, whereupon another protest The English care ^^g scrvcd ou them but it was very evident that these people cared very little ; •' .- littlefir protests,

The English, with Sometime after the completion on the Fresh River of Fort Good Hope, which [he"Fr'e3h"'River! was bcgun lu the year 1623, an English schooner arrived there, but Jacob van contmry to protest. ^-,^^^.1^^.^ ^^^ Company's Commissary, protested against it by order of the Director

Wouter van Twiller yet notwithstanding this protest, they came there about ;

a year or two afterwards with some (15) families, whereupon another protest The English care ^^g scrvcd ou them but it was very evident that these people cared very little ; •' .- littlefir protests,

u?e Fresh Eiler.™' fof it, for, notwithstanding repeated protests to the contrary, they finally invaded and usurped the entire Fresh river, and finally sunk so low in shamelessness as to have seized in the year 1640, the Company's lands around the fort. And when was protested against, they paid no attention to it. They have proceeded this The English beat gvcn further, and have severely beaten the Company's people with sticks and ' our people and Jec \ • r •\^\

implements ^"'"'"^ clubs, and whcu the latter were on their land for the purpose of working, forcibly threw their plow and other implements into the river and impounded the

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS: IV. 287 horses.' The same thing occurred repeatedly afterwards, and they also took up the hogs and cows belonging to the Fort, and even frequently sold some of them, ^^« English seii our for damages as they say. Protests have been made against all these acts and each of them in particular, but they were mocked at; sundry very severe letters were written to their Governors in Latin on this subject, minute or copy whereof remains with the Company's officers, who can furnish a fuller account of this affair; but all opposition was vain; for they having now a smack of the

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS: IV. 287 horses.' The same thing occurred repeatedly afterwards, and they also took up the hogs and cows belonging to the Fort, and even frequently sold some of them, ^^« English seii our for damages as they say. Protests have been made against all these acts and each of them in particular, but they were mocked at; sundry very severe letters were written to their Governors in Latin on this subject, minute or copy whereof remains with the Company's officers, who can furnish a fuller account of this affair; but all opposition was vain; for they having now a smack of the

excellence and convenience of this river, and remarking the difference between the land there and that more easterly, ' will not consent to o go back, nor easily The English love ' J ll,j la^j^ win jjnil

submit to their High Mightinesses' protection unless respectfully invited thereunto, "o'easuy go back, which it was desirable might have happened from the first.

OF THE DUTCH TITLE TO THE FRESH RIVER.

In the beginning, before the English were ever spoken of, our people, as we find it written, first carefully explored and discovered the northern parts of New Netherland and some distance on the other side of Cape Cod. And even planted an ensign " on, and took possession * of Cape ^ Cod. Anno 1614, our traders O" v<^°p^e ant took possession of not only trafficked at the Fresh river, but had also ascended it before any English LoughuSerawi °'"" people had ever dreamed of coming there; the latter arrived there for the first time in the year 1636, after our Fort Good Hope had been a long time in existence, and almost all the land on both sides of the river had been bought by our people from the Indians, which purchase took place principally in the year 1632 and ;

Anno 1614, our traders O" v<^°p^e ant took possession of not only trafficked at the Fresh river, but had also ascended it before any English LoughuSerawi °'"" people had ever dreamed of coming there; the latter arrived there for the first time in the year 1636, after our Fort Good Hope had been a long time in existence, and almost all the land on both sides of the river had been bought by our people from the Indians, which purchase took place principally in the year 1632 and ;

Kievits hook^ was purchased at that time also by one Hans Eencluys, an officer of the Company. The States' arms were also affixed at this Hook (16) to a tree in token of possession, but the English, who still occupy the Fresh river, lown^liei^ wgh threw them down, and engraved a fool's face in their stead. Whether this was M'd''"eDgr"ve'd™a done by authority or not, we can not say such is probable, and no other than an plad ;

affirmative opinion can be entertained ; this much has come to pass -- they have been informed of it in various letters, which never produced any result ; but they have in addition, contra jus gentium 'perfiis et ncfas, invaded the whole, because, as they say, the land lay unoccupied and waste, which was none of their business, and, besides, was not true ; for on the river a fort had been already erected, which

' The following extract from the Colonial Records of Connecticut illustrates the text -- "Hartford June :

affirmative opinion can be entertained ; this much has come to pass -- they have been informed of it in various letters, which never produced any result ; but they have in addition, contra jus gentium 'perfiis et ncfas, invaded the whole, because, as they say, the land lay unoccupied and waste, which was none of their business, and, besides, was not true ; for on the river a fort had been already erected, which

' The following extract from the Colonial Records of Connecticut illustrates the text -- "Hartford June :

ix. 1640. Whereas the Dutch catle are impounded for trespassing the Englishmen's corue, It is the iudgment of the Courts that the Dutchmen shall be made acquainted wth the trespasse, and satisfaction demanded, the wch if they refuse to pay, the Cattle are to be kepte in the pound three dayes, and then to be prysed & sold, and the trespasse to be satisfied, togather with the chardge of impounding, keepeing & tending the said catle dureiiig their custody." TrumbulVs Public Records of Oontieclkut. Hartford, 1850. ' Saybrook Point, Connecticut. -- En.

--

288 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. continued to be occupied by a garrison. Adjoining the fort, was also a neat bouwery belonging to the Dutch or the Company ; and most of the land was '

purchased and owned. Their High Mightinesses' arms were set up at Kievits Everything possible hooU, which is at the mouth of the river, so that everything possible was done introducing people, except that the country was not wholly occupied, and the English would have it so ; forsooth, as if these people, who now by means of their greater numbers do as they please, were at liberty to dictate the law to our nation within its own purchased lands and limits, and to order how and in what manner it must settle the country, and if it do not happen to suit exactly their desire and pleasure, then they are at liberty to invade and appropriate our waters, lands and jurisdiction.

Their High Mightinesses' arms were set up at Kievits Everything possible hooU, which is at the mouth of the river, so that everything possible was done introducing people, except that the country was not wholly occupied, and the English would have it so ; forsooth, as if these people, who now by means of their greater numbers do as they please, were at liberty to dictate the law to our nation within its own purchased lands and limits, and to order how and in what manner it must settle the country, and if it do not happen to suit exactly their desire and pleasure, then they are at liberty to invade and appropriate our waters, lands and jurisdiction.

OF THE RODENBERGH, BY THE ENGLISH CALLED NEW HAYEN; AND OF OTHER PLACES OF MNOR LMPORTANCE.

kl'es^ ^and"'VeiJ ^" ^^^ villagcs Settled by the English from New Holland or Cape Cod unto Buengih. Stamford, within the Dutch limits, amount to about thirty, and may be estimated at nearly five thousand persons capable of bearing arms; their cattle, including

cows and horses, are computed at thirty thousand ; their goats and hogs cannot be stated ; it is impossible to ascertain precisely both the one and the other, for there are divers places which cannot well be put down as villages, and yet are New Haven a mem- beginnings of them. Among the whole of these, the Rodenbergh or New Haven land, which consists jg the rprincipal; it has a Governor, contains about thirteen hundred and forty of four colonies. r ' j families, and is a province or member of New England, there being four in all.

cows and horses, are computed at thirty thousand ; their goats and hogs cannot be stated ; it is impossible to ascertain precisely both the one and the other, for there are divers places which cannot well be put down as villages, and yet are New Haven a mem- beginnings of them. Among the whole of these, the Rodenbergh or New Haven land, which consists jg the rprincipal; it has a Governor, contains about thirteen hundred and forty of four colonies. r ' j families, and is a province or member of New England, there being four in all.

(17) This place was begun eleven years ago, in the year 163S, and they have since hived further out and formed Milford, Stratford, Stamford, and the Trading House already referred to. Director Kieft hath caused divers protests, both in Latin and other languages, to be served on these people, commanding them by virtue of his commissions, in the name of the Lords States General, his Serene Highness of Orange, and the Honorable Directors of the Incorporated West India Company, to desist from their proceedings and usurpations, and in case of refusal, warning them thereby that satisfaction should be required of them, some time or other, according as circumstances might allow; but it was knocking at a deaf man's door, for The English eon- they " did uot heed it, nor give it any attention but, on the contrary, had ; tinue to encroach on i , ihe land, moreover rccoursc to Several subterfuges, circumstances, false pretences and sophistical disregard every pro- o ' r ' r •

Director Kieft hath caused divers protests, both in Latin and other languages, to be served on these people, commanding them by virtue of his commissions, in the name of the Lords States General, his Serene Highness of Orange, and the Honorable Directors of the Incorporated West India Company, to desist from their proceedings and usurpations, and in case of refusal, warning them thereby that satisfaction should be required of them, some time or other, according as circumstances might allow; but it was knocking at a deaf man's door, for The English eon- they " did uot heed it, nor give it any attention but, on the contrary, had ; tinue to encroach on i , ihe land, moreover rccoursc to Several subterfuges, circumstances, false pretences and sophistical disregard every pro- o ' r ' r •

themservel bfsub^ arguuicnts, to give a color to their actions, and to cast a doubt and impeach our lerfuges. lawful claim and valid title to the premises. General Stuyvesant hath also had repeated differences with them on this subject, but it remains in statu quo. The

' Brouttscrye, in tlie piiuteJ Verloorjh ; evidently a typographical error. Ed.

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS : IV. 289

farthest that they have ever been willing to come is, to declare that the matter could never be arranged in this country, and that they were content and very desirous that their High Mightinesses should arrange it with their Sovereigns, and as this is very necessary, inasmuch as the English already occupy and have The Eogiish have ^"^ seized nearly the half of New Netherland, which hereafter can well be of great SeriaSd/ importance, so it is earnestly to be desired, that their High Mightinesses w^ould please to press this matter, before it proceed farther, and the breach become irreparable. We should now pass from this to the South river, by the English called Delaware bay, with a view first to describe the boundaries in this way, consecutively; but we cannot omit, in passing, to say that there was here, both in Director's Kieft's time and in that of General Stuyvesant, a certain Englishman

farthest that they have ever been willing to come is, to declare that the matter could never be arranged in this country, and that they were content and very desirous that their High Mightinesses should arrange it with their Sovereigns, and as this is very necessary, inasmuch as the English already occupy and have The Eogiish have ^"^ seized nearly the half of New Netherland, which hereafter can well be of great SeriaSd/ importance, so it is earnestly to be desired, that their High Mightinesses w^ould please to press this matter, before it proceed farther, and the breach become irreparable. We should now pass from this to the South river, by the English called Delaware bay, with a view first to describe the boundaries in this way, consecutively; but we cannot omit, in passing, to say that there was here, both in Director's Kieft's time and in that of General Stuyvesant, a certain Englishman

New Albion; he represented and claimed that the country from the west side whole of N. Netherof the North river unto Virginia, was his, by grant from King James of England, but he said he did not wish to create any difficulty with the Dutch, though he was very much piqued at John Prins, the Swedish Governor at the South on account of some affronts he had received from him, which are too river,

long to relate; he added, that he, at a proper opportunity, should meet that gentleman, and take possession of the river. In fine, according to the English reckoning, comes to this: Nothing remains for their High Mightinesses' it

Netherof the North river unto Virginia, was his, by grant from King James of England, but he said he did not wish to create any difficulty with the Dutch, though he was very much piqued at John Prins, the Swedish Governor at the South on account of some affronts he had received from him, which are too river,

long to relate; he added, that he, at a proper opportunity, should meet that gentleman, and take possession of the river. In fine, according to the English reckoning, comes to this: Nothing remains for their High Mightinesses' it

subjects; one must have thus far, and another must have so far, so that between themselves they never fall short.

( 18 ) OF THE SOUTH RIVER AND THE BOUNDARIES THEREABOUT.

As we are now about to speak of the South river, and the most Southerly part of New Netherland, we shall begin from the commencement, though others have also treated fully of it, and shall state every thing, at the same time, as briefly as possible. The boundaries, according to our experience, extend at this place to Cape Hinlopen, four leagues south of Cape Cornelius, in the latitude of thirtyeight degrees. The coast trends on an average West, South West and Westerly, and though this Cape Hinlopen is not much esteemed, yet it ought to be taken

into consideration as being favorably situated, not only as regards the convenience of the country, but also as relates to the trade with the Indians on the South river,' to secure which the English ° and Swedes are making O great O efforts,' as we The English and _ Swedes make great shall presently show. Were the boundaries here settled, they would properly, and without any further trouble, deprived of it, and thus the enjoyment "J] of the produce both of the earth and of the trade, would remain with their High Mightinesses' subjects.

into consideration as being favorably situated, not only as regards the convenience of the country, but also as relates to the trade with the Indians on the South river,' to secure which the English ° and Swedes are making O great O efforts,' as we The English and _ Swedes make great shall presently show. Were the boundaries here settled, they would properly, and without any further trouble, deprived of it, and thus the enjoyment "J] of the produce both of the earth and of the trade, would remain with their High Mightinesses' subjects. Vol. I 37

;

290 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS.

OF THE SOUTH BAY AND SOUTH RIVER.

The South bay and South river, by many called the second great river of New it has two headlands situated in latitude 38 degrees 63 minutes; most northerly is called Cape May, the most southerly, Cape or capes ; the Cornelius, and the bay itself was named New Port-May, but at the present time, Godyn's Bay. These names were given to the places about the time of the first d^co*»?°id The discovery, before they had any ''in'^ others. The discovery itself was made at the year 16M by same time as that of the North river, by the same ship and crew, who entered the South bay before they arrived at the North bay, as is all to be read in its

length and breadth in Johannes De Laet's Nieuwe Werelt. In the year 1623, at the same time that forts were erected on the North and Fresh rivers. Fort Nassou was erected upon this river, which, in common conversation, is called the South river; but it was the first of the four, and for the same purpose and object as the others, as (19) hereinbefore related. The fort stands on the East shore fifteen leagues up the river.

length and breadth in Johannes De Laet's Nieuwe Werelt. In the year 1623, at the same time that forts were erected on the North and Fresh rivers. Fort Nassou was erected upon this river, which, in common conversation, is called the South river; but it was the first of the four, and for the same purpose and object as the others, as (19) hereinbefore related. The fort stands on the East shore fifteen leagues up the river. Yet it would have done as well on the West bank. The bay trends nearly North and South ; it is called New Port-May, or Godyn's bay ; it is nine leagues long before coming to the river, and six leagues wide, so that one shore cannot be seen from the other. It

is somewhat dangerous for inexperienced persons, on account of some bars otherwise, there is water enough for those acquainted with the courses. This The Sonth rlrer is compared to the bay and river are compared to the river Amazon, by connoisseurs to wit, by ;

river Amazon by those who have seen both. In general, it is considered by every person one of the finest, best and pleasantest rivers in the world, on account of its own and other attendant conveniences. Fourteen streams flow into this river, the smallest of them navigable for two or three leagues, and every where, on both sides, are pretty good flats in great abundance.Two leagues from Cape Cornelius, on the West side of the entrance, lies a certain kill which might well be called an ordinary river, or stream, for it is wide, navigable far up, and has a fine roadstead for ships of all dimensions. There is no other in the entire bay equal to it for goodness and convenience.The direct channel, in sailing up, runs close by it.

Fourteen streams flow into this river, the smallest of them navigable for two or three leagues, and every where, on both sides, are pretty good flats in great abundance.Two leagues from Cape Cornelius, on the West side of the entrance, lies a certain kill which might well be called an ordinary river, or stream, for it is wide, navigable far up, and has a fine roadstead for ships of all dimensions. There is no other in the entire bay equal to it for goodness and convenience.The direct channel, in sailing up, runs close by it. This place is called the Whore Kill. What this name is derived from, we know not. This much is certain, that this place was taken up and colonized by The States' nrrns Nethcrlauders years before any English or Swedes came there. •' J b The States' erected on Iho South

ar'riyaiof th" Eng! arms Were also set up at this place in copper; but as they were thrown down by liBh or Swede.. ^^^^ insolcnt Indians, the Commissary there resented it very strongly and demanded the head of the offender. The Indians, knowing nothing better, brought a head, saying it was that of the transgressor, and herewith it was thought the affair was arranged but sometime afterwards, whilst our people ;

were wholly unconscious of the design, and engaged in their field labor, the

Indians came, in the guise of friendship and, distributing themselves all around, according to the number of the Dutch, overpowered and murdered them. In

ar'riyaiof th" Eng! arms Were also set up at this place in copper; but as they were thrown down by liBh or Swede.. ^^^^ insolcnt Indians, the Commissary there resented it very strongly and demanded the head of the offender. The Indians, knowing nothing better, brought a head, saying it was that of the transgressor, and herewith it was thought the affair was arranged but sometime afterwards, whilst our people ;

were wholly unconscious of the design, and engaged in their field labor, the

Indians came, in the guise of friendship and, distributing themselves all around, according to the number of the Dutch, overpowered and murdered them. In

--

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS: IV. 291

this way was this Colony again reduced to nought, howbeit sealed with blood f/, ""» """'''"' •' Wliore Kill, the and purchased dearly enough. Culonie, lor a time,

There is another creek on the East side, called Hogs creek, three leagues below the mouth of the river. Some English people had settled there, but were driven away by Director Kieft, who protested against them, having been, in some degree, assisted by the Swedes. They agreed together to keep out the English. The Swedish Governor, thinking ° his opportunity '^'^ now come, had a fort, called The swedw erect •' tort EUinburgh. Elsenburch.i erected at this place, and took great liberties with every one, even with the Company's yachts, or such as would go up the South river for before ;

this fort must they all strike, none excepted, and two men are here sent on board in order to ascertain whence the yatchs or ships come. It is nothing less than searching ; it What right these people have The swede, hwe will probably terminate in that. to do so, we know not; we cannot comprehend how servants oi other powers, somu river.

Elsenburch.i erected at this place, and took great liberties with every one, even with the Company's yachts, or such as would go up the South river for before ;

this fort must they all strike, none excepted, and two men are here sent on board in order to ascertain whence the yatchs or ships come. It is nothing less than searching ; it What right these people have The swede, hwe will probably terminate in that. to do so, we know not; we cannot comprehend how servants oi other powers, somu river.

(20) as they represent themselves, but by what commission is not known here, make themselves so much masters, and assume authority, over land and property belonging to and possessed by others and sealed with their blood, independent of the Charter. The Minquas Kill is the first up the river, and there the Swedes have built Fort Christina.^ This place is conveniently situated, for large vessels can lie

right against the bank, to load and unload. Amongst the rest, is a place up the 8iuf,'[%1t''eMn" o*!!

river called Schuylkill, a fine navigable stream which also was heretofore, in ^0''°" "' °" p"* possession of the Netherlanders; but what is its condition? The Swedes now have it also mostly under their control. There are, moreover, several beautiful and pleasant islands and other places, heretofore also in the occupation of the Netherlanders and still bearing the names they gave, and various other circumstances, which afford sufEcient and conclusive evidence that the river belongs to the Netherlanders and not to the Swedes. Their beginnings can of themselves convict them ; for one Minnewits, who had previously been Director at the Manhatans for the West India Company, came to this river eleven years ago -- in the year 1638 -- with the ship de KalmerdeuteP and the yacht de Vogelgryp, representing, on the cpntrary, to the Netherlanders who resided at the river on behalf of the Company and of Mr.

There are, moreover, several beautiful and pleasant islands and other places, heretofore also in the occupation of the Netherlanders and still bearing the names they gave, and various other circumstances, which afford sufEcient and conclusive evidence that the river belongs to the Netherlanders and not to the Swedes. Their beginnings can of themselves convict them ; for one Minnewits, who had previously been Director at the Manhatans for the West India Company, came to this river eleven years ago -- in the year 1638 -- with the ship de KalmerdeuteP and the yacht de Vogelgryp, representing, on the cpntrary, to the Netherlanders who resided at the river on behalf of the Company and of Mr. Van der Nederhorst, that he was on a voyage to the West Indies, and that he wished first to transact some business The swede. comthere in passing, and to take in a supply of wood and water, when he should so™m river"with''2 depart. A while afterwards some of our people returned thither and still found them there; but then they J already had fprepared f garden of salad, The swedes nmite a a little b > . liiiie garden after. ; ,., ,

pot herbs and such like. Our people wondered at this; inquired what it wardsafort. meant, and if they intended to remain there? They offered divers reasons and ' The name of this fort is still preserved in that of Elsinborough, a township in Salem county, New Jersey. ' The creek has in consequence obtained the name of Christina creek. It is in the State of Delaware. 'Or the key of Kalmar. Calmar is an ancient town in Sweden, latitude 56° 40', longitude 16° 26'; its fortress was formerly considered the key of the kingdom. It is famous in Swedish history for the landing of Gustavus Vasa, in 1520, when about to deliver his country from the domination of foreigners.

They offered divers reasons and ' The name of this fort is still preserved in that of Elsinborough, a township in Salem county, New Jersey. ' The creek has in consequence obtained the name of Christina creek. It is in the State of Delaware. 'Or the key of Kalmar. Calmar is an ancient town in Sweden, latitude 56° 40', longitude 16° 26'; its fortress was formerly considered the key of the kingdom. It is famous in Swedish history for the landing of Gustavus Vasa, in 1520, when about to deliver his country from the domination of foreigners. Ed,

292 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. subterfuges in explanation; nevertheless, some presumed that such was their design. The third time, 'twas clearly seen by the building of a fort, what their design and intention were. Director Kieft, on obtaining information of the The Swedes proiest- matter, protested, but in vain. was their determination not to depart It * thence, ed against, and the Stales' Arme set up. as the sequel of the matter clearly and plainly showed. As a proof of this, the arms of their High Mightinesses were erected above Machihachansio,' at the Sankikans,^ by order of Director Kieft, in token that the river with all the adjoining countries and circumjacent lands and superficies were under the control and in the possession of their High Mightinesses. But what fruit did that bear, save down^The' Slates lasting scom and decreased the Swedes with insufferable respect? For *""' insolence, have thrown them down, and so 'tis allowed to remain; and 'tis considered, especially by the Governor, a brilliant achievement. 'Tis true that several protests were made both against this and other matters that occurred, but they produced as little effect as the flight of a crow (21) overhead, and it is to be feared that if this Governor had an adequate force, there would have been more mad freaks with him than with the English or any of their Governors.

For *""' insolence, have thrown them down, and so 'tis allowed to remain; and 'tis considered, especially by the Governor, a brilliant achievement. 'Tis true that several protests were made both against this and other matters that occurred, but they produced as little effect as the flight of a crow (21) overhead, and it is to be feared that if this Governor had an adequate force, there would have been more mad freaks with him than with the English or any of their Governors. And this is, in brief, the case of the Swedes; the Company's officers ought to The Company's ser- Tants can furnish be able to make a pertinent report on the subject, as they have in their n formation' "' possession all the papers and documents, to which and to the journals, we refer. th Swedes^'""' The English have also sought at divers times and places to annex this river, being, as they say, the nearest to it ; but they have been prevented hitherto The English evpei- in bv divers r this, protests, and also by •' J their being ' O expelled r by J force, well led from the South """ knowing that if they but once happen to settle there, the river would be lost, or cause considerable trouble; for tiiey would swarm to it in great numbers. It is The English again Currently hanker atler the •' reported ' here every day, J and ' we are informed, that the English o will sonth river. soon repair thither with several families. 'Tis to be borne in mind, that if these people come to settle there, they will so rapidly spread themselves over every Dutch nor Swedes will have much to say there; at place, that shortly neither least, whole or in part, if some there will be a risk of losing the river, in particular precaution be not taken and this, then, would be the fruit of want ;

It is The English again Currently hanker atler the •' reported ' here every day, J and ' we are informed, that the English o will sonth river. soon repair thither with several families. 'Tis to be borne in mind, that if these people come to settle there, they will so rapidly spread themselves over every Dutch nor Swedes will have much to say there; at place, that shortly neither least, whole or in part, if some there will be a risk of losing the river, in particular precaution be not taken and this, then, would be the fruit of want ;

The Directors do not of population ^ yet with all, the Directors of the Company ; "^ r have not to this day people iu but Ob- -^

struct population, paid any attention or regard, worth mentioning, to the matter. Though it has been communicated to them fully and by divers letters, they have been a serious obstruction and an impediment; for it fares with this as with the rest -- Greed hath befooled Wisdom for the report now prevails that the English will ;

build a village and trading house there and, in truth, if they begin, there is no ;

one here on the part of the Company who can prevent them, or apparently offer them much opposition. And not longer ago than last year, divers freemen, among whom were even some of ourselves, and all of whom without exception had or The Netheriandera good employers could have n r J in Fatherland, requested liberty to make a settlement request a place on 1 J '

build a village and trading house there and, in truth, if they begin, there is no ;

one here on the part of the Company who can prevent them, or apparently offer them much opposition. And not longer ago than last year, divers freemen, among whom were even some of ourselves, and all of whom without exception had or The Netheriandera good employers could have n r J in Fatherland, requested liberty to make a settlement request a place on 1 J '

in^ai'n"'"*'^'^'''"' there; to wit, a trading house, some bouweries^ and plantations, on condition

' Or Miigechqueshou, of the Dutch Maps; supposed to be the creek at Bordentown, N. J. ' Trenton Falls. Acrelius' History of New Sweden. ' Here again the word is, incorrectly, Brouweryen, in the Vertoogh. -- Ed.

<. HOLLAND DOCUMENTS: IV.

and provided some suitable Freedoms and Exemptions were granted but this ;

the General refused, saying, he could not do it as he had no order nor instructions to that eftect from Hon"' Lords Majors; but if they chose to make a the beginning there, without Freedoms or such like, that could in some respect be

done. And when we represented to his Honor that such were offered us by the neighbors all round, if we would only declare our willingness to acknowledge ourselves members of their government, and that this place ran a thousand dangers from the Swedes and English his Honor replied, that he well knew it, ;

and that it was as we represented, whereof in fact he was fully aware. Reason was on our side, but the instructions he had from his superiors were such that he could not justify it before them. Now we are blind in these matters, but one of (22) two things must be true either it must be the fault of the Director The Director wames ; the Company tor tho or of the Company, or of both.

and that it was as we represented, whereof in fact he was fully aware. Reason was on our side, but the instructions he had from his superiors were such that he could not justify it before them. Now we are blind in these matters, but one of (22) two things must be true either it must be the fault of the Director The Director wames ; the Company tor tho or of the Company, or of both. Whichsoever be the case, the one shifts the want oj population. blame on the other, and between them, all runs to ruin. Strangers possess the land and fare right ° well, and mock us if we sayJ any thing. O TheyJ enjoy siransera enjoy J J Freedoms and Privfree Privileges and Exemptions, the like of which, were our Netherlanders to ''«g«s. possess, they would (with God's help, without which we can do nothing) doubtless flourish as well as, if not better, than the English. Therefore, the Company, or its •^ servants, have been, up f^ to this time, the obstruction and There is no hope •' that 'twill fare bet the cause that the country does not make greater progress. It is not to be |;^''iong*''iiT8uE expected that 'twill fare any better, but much worse whilst it is under their J^^""'"* company, control, such is their greediness and misgovernment ; but the right time to treat of this matter is not yet arrived.

OF THE CONVENIENCE AND EXCELLENCE OF THE WATERS.

Having treated of the situation of the land and its boundaries, and having spoken, consequently, of the location of the rivers, it will not be foreign to our purpose to add a word respecting the goodness and convenience of the waters, which are salt, brackish and fresh, according O to their locality. ' J There are, in New Four chief rivers ' i

It is not to be |;^''iong*''iiT8uE expected that 'twill fare any better, but much worse whilst it is under their J^^""'"* company, control, such is their greediness and misgovernment ; but the right time to treat of this matter is not yet arrived.

OF THE CONVENIENCE AND EXCELLENCE OF THE WATERS.

Having treated of the situation of the land and its boundaries, and having spoken, consequently, of the location of the rivers, it will not be foreign to our purpose to add a word respecting the goodness and convenience of the waters, which are salt, brackish and fresh, according O to their locality. ' J There are, in New Four chief rivers ' i

New Netherlaud. Netherland, four prmcipal rivers; the most southerly is commonly called the South river, the bay, before entering the river, Godyn's bay ; the river is so named not because its course is south, but because it is the most southerly river of New Netherland. It is immediately south of another, which is also the principal and best as regards trade and population, and is called Rio Montanjes, on account of some mountains, or Mauritius' river, commonly the North river, because its course is mainly, and for a great distance, towards the north. The third is the East river, so named because it stretches East from the Manathans. This is The East river, > esteemed by many not a river but a bay, because 'tis very wide in some places, runs eastS^wJ and opens at both ends into the sea. We, however, consider it a river, and it is

It is immediately south of another, which is also the principal and best as regards trade and population, and is called Rio Montanjes, on account of some mountains, or Mauritius' river, commonly the North river, because its course is mainly, and for a great distance, towards the north. The third is the East river, so named because it stretches East from the Manathans. This is The East river, > esteemed by many not a river but a bay, because 'tis very wide in some places, runs eastS^wJ and opens at both ends into the sea. We, however, consider it a river, and it is

294 NEW-YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. generally so reckoned. The fourth is the Fresh river, because its water is, for the most part, fresh, more so than that of the others. In addition to these rivers, there are many and various bays, harbors and inlets, very convenient and still

useful, some of vs-hich fully deserve the name of rivers. There is also abundance of lakes, some large, some small, besides navigable kills, which are very like rivers, and multitudes of creeks very useful for navigating over all parts of the country, as the (23) Map of New Netherland will demonstrate to us. There are, besides, many and various waterfalls and streams adapted for the erection of ereMmiiuon.*"" ^" sorts of mills for man's use, and innumerable small rivulets and brooks throughout the whole land, as arteries through a body ; the water of all is fresh, except of some few at the sea side which are salt and fresh, or brackish, all very good drink for wild and domestic animals ; discharging their surplus waters into the rivers or into the sea. In addition to all these, there are fountains and springs, innumerable, every where throughout the country, even at places where they would not be expected, as on cliffs and rocks, from which they burst forth A great many foun- like watcr spouts ; and some are of such a nature that they are worthy attention, New ^Netherland, not onlv bccausc thev are all, except r those in the thickets, very clear and pure. some of J wbich tr >

In addition to all these, there are fountains and springs, innumerable, every where throughout the country, even at places where they would not be expected, as on cliffs and rocks, from which they burst forth A great many foun- like watcr spouts ; and some are of such a nature that they are worthy attention, New ^Netherland, not onlv bccausc thev are all, except r those in the thickets, very clear and pure. some of J wbich tr >

from h at''and'"a're ^^^ many havc this peculiarity, that in the winter they smoke from heat, and in nght cold in sum. gun^mgr are so cool that even in the hottest part of the season the hand can, with difficulty, tolerate them on account of the cold. And this circumstance renders them very pleasant for the service of man and beast, by whom they can be used without danger; for should any one drink thereof, it does him no harm, even though it be very warm weather. This much being stated regarding the New Netherund property, couveuience, goodncss and fertility of this province, in which respects it lactmE^opl""'' need not yield, as far as our limited experience extends, to any province in New Netherland Europc and as relates to trade, wherein Europe, and especially Netherland, ;

'""*^ '" uad"!" excels, this province not only lies very convenient and suitable for it, but were there only population, would be found to have exported more commodities by New Netherland aud of itself to Other countries than it need to import from elsewhere. These bi'e''h''e'reYner''io"''ihe being Considered, 'twill be very little labor for the intelligent to estimate and to eran nation, ^^^p^^^ exactly what importance this naturally noble province is to the Netherland nation, what service it might hereafter be to it, and what a refuge it would be

'""*^ '" uad"!" excels, this province not only lies very convenient and suitable for it, but were there only population, would be found to have exported more commodities by New Netherland aud of itself to Other countries than it need to import from elsewhere. These bi'e''h''e'reYner''io"''ihe being Considered, 'twill be very little labor for the intelligent to estimate and to eran nation, ^^^p^^^ exactly what importance this naturally noble province is to the Netherland nation, what service it might hereafter be to it, and what a refuge it would be

for all the needy in Netherland, as well of high and middle as of low degree, for it is much easier for people of industry to obtain a living here than in Netherland. We caunot Sufficiently thank the Fountain of all Goodness for having conducted ThanketoGod for having favored the Netherland nation wiiQ tais country. ^g [^^q gp good, o "^

111-11 SO fertile and SO wholesome a land, which we, however, did not deserve, on account of our manifold sins exceedingly increased by us every day in this country. We are also beholden, in the highest degree, to the Indians, who not only surrendered this rich and fertile country, and for a trifle made it over to us, but did, over and above, also enrich us with their valuable and mutual trade, so that there is none in New Netherland, or trading to that country, but is under obligation therby. Great is our shame now, and fortunate should we be did we duly acknowledge this benefit, and in return for what the Indians had shared with us of their substance, endeavor, as much as in us lay, to divide with them

We are also beholden, in the highest degree, to the Indians, who not only surrendered this rich and fertile country, and for a trifle made it over to us, but did, over and above, also enrich us with their valuable and mutual trade, so that there is none in New Netherland, or trading to that country, but is under obligation therby. Great is our shame now, and fortunate should we be did we duly acknowledge this benefit, and in return for what the Indians had shared with us of their substance, endeavor, as much as in us lay, to divide with them

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS : IV. 295

the Good Eternal. It is to be (24) feared that for this injury they will stand up against us at the last day. Lord of Hosts ! forgive us that we have not hitherto comported ourselves better in this matter ; but grant us the means and direct our hearts that we in future duly acquit ourselves herein unto the salvation of our own and their souls, and the glorifying of Thy Holy name, for Christ his sake, Amen. 'Tis respectfully r J submitted that the trouble which will attend the adjustment The expense and •> trouble of setlling

of the boundaries, and the expenses to be incurred at first for the increase of {J';^d|;™°;'°de<i"and

the population of this Country ought to be disregarded, and it ought to be borne eoLideredT™"" in mind that beginnings are difficult, and that sowing would be irksome were men not comforted by reaping. We trust and are confident that your High Mightinesses' very great experience will accomplish this better than we are able to suggest ; but it may probably appear strange to your High Mightinesses and some other friends before whom this may come, that we speak so highly as we

the population of this Country ought to be disregarded, and it ought to be borne eoLideredT™"" in mind that beginnings are difficult, and that sowing would be irksome were men not comforted by reaping. We trust and are confident that your High Mightinesses' very great experience will accomplish this better than we are able to suggest ; but it may probably appear strange to your High Mightinesses and some other friends before whom this may come, that we speak so highly as we

do, and as we know to be true, of this place, and yet complain of its indigence and poverty and beseech help, assistance, redress, diminution of burdens, population and other similar benefits for it, and show that it is in a poor and ruinous condition yea, so low, that unless it receive especial aid and assistance ;

it will utterly fall away and be ruled by foreigners. It becomes therefore

incumbent to point out the true reason and cause why New Netherland is in its present low condition, which we shall do as correctly, minutely and truthfully as will be in any wise possible, according to the facts as we have seen, found and heard them ; but as this relation not only will call forth and experience much The relation of the

reach, not to allow the truth to yield to falsehoods, previously trumped up and invented ; and not to admit any evidence against it, except of such impartial persons as have not either directly or indirectly been injuriously affected by, nor had a hand in, the ruin of New Netherland, nor are otherwise under obligation to it.And with this observation, we proceed to the reasons and sole cause of the evil, which we truly, though briefly and indistinctly set forth in the beginning of our petition to your High Mightinesses.

reach, not to allow the truth to yield to falsehoods, previously trumped up and invented ; and not to admit any evidence against it, except of such impartial persons as have not either directly or indirectly been injuriously affected by, nor had a hand in, the ruin of New Netherland, nor are otherwise under obligation to it.And with this observation, we proceed to the reasons and sole cause of the evil, which we truly, though briefly and indistinctly set forth in the beginning of our petition to your High Mightinesses.

(25) OF THE REASONS AND CAUSE OF THE GREAT DECAY OP NEW NETHERLAND.

As we shall treat of the reasons and causes by which New Netherland has been reduced to its present low and ruinous condition, so we consider it necessary first to enumerate them separately ; and, in accordance with our daily experience as far as our knowledge extends, we here assert in one word, and none better offers,

;

296 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS.

uie*" r^u'in"of"'NVw that tlie causB IS bad govemment with its attendants and consequences. With Neiiieriand. ^^^ j^^gj. \{g\ii ^g canHot pcrceive any other than this to be the sole and true The goveromoni of foundation stoue of the decay and ruin in New Netherland. •' This ° ffovernment New Nelherland i« twofold; ihe orders -which SO much abusc proceeds, is two fold; to wit, in Fatherland by the frgj,-,

'acta Company, and in this Country. We shall first briefly proceed to point out some of tbe Director. Q^ders and mistakes of Fatherland, and afterwards pass to the others, and see how they have here grown up and waxed strong. Sd ^th^lT"^ ""lana I" ^'^^ infancy of this country, the Directors adopted wrong plans and in our '"°"^- opinion looked more to their own profit than to the country's welfare, and trusted more to interested than to sound advice.

'acta Company, and in this Country. We shall first briefly proceed to point out some of tbe Director. Q^ders and mistakes of Fatherland, and afterwards pass to the others, and see how they have here grown up and waxed strong. Sd ^th^lT"^ ""lana I" ^'^^ infancy of this country, the Directors adopted wrong plans and in our '"°"^- opinion looked more to their own profit than to the country's welfare, and trusted more to interested than to sound advice. This is evident from the unnecessary expenses incurred from time to time ; the heavy accounts from New Netherland ; the taking up Colonies mostly by Directors ; their carrying on commerce, to which end trade has been regulated, and finally from not colonizing the country. It seemed at first as if the Company did intend to settle this place with its own

Mrvanta *^gwr"th8 servauts, which must be a great mistake for so soon as their time was up, they ;

couotrjabadnarae. ^ome Carrying with them nothing except a trifle in their purse and, for the j.gjy^j,g(j

country, the bad reputation of great hunger, &c. Meanwhile there was no profit but heavy monthly bills, as the accounts from New Netherland will testify. Had the Hon'''^ West India Company attended in the beginning to population, instead of incurring great expense for things unnecessary, which might be attended to at more favorable times and then could also be better done, the New Netherland account would not be so large as it is now ; first, by the construction of the ship Nieuw Neerlant, at an excessive expense ; of three costly mills, by making brick, burning tar, manufacturing ashes, salt, and similar undertakings, which through bad management and calculation, came wholly too little or nothing, notwithstanding the excessive expenditure. Had this been (26) applied to colonizing the country, and transporting cattle, the place might now be of considerable importance.

Had the Hon'''^ West India Company attended in the beginning to population, instead of incurring great expense for things unnecessary, which might be attended to at more favorable times and then could also be better done, the New Netherland account would not be so large as it is now ; first, by the construction of the ship Nieuw Neerlant, at an excessive expense ; of three costly mills, by making brick, burning tar, manufacturing ashes, salt, and similar undertakings, which through bad management and calculation, came wholly too little or nothing, notwithstanding the excessive expenditure. Had this been (26) applied to colonizing the country, and transporting cattle, the place might now be of considerable importance. New Netherland is much belter and 'phis countrv .* and its position ^ are much better and more convenient SauNewEDsianSl than that occupied by the English, and had not self interest and private speculation been attended to, assuredly, the North or New England would not have outstripped us so much. Had the first Exemptions been honestly carried out, according to their tenor and not with particular views, the friends of New Netherland would certainly have made greater exertions to bring out settlers, and to take up land. The other clauses which were introduced, have always discouraged individuals and kept them down, so that those of them who had any skill, on becoming aware of the facts, dare venture nothing. It is very true that the Company hath brought over some persons, but it did not persevere, so that little advantage followed it had, also, no proper commencement, for 'twas done as if without any plan.

Had the first Exemptions been honestly carried out, according to their tenor and not with particular views, the friends of New Netherland would certainly have made greater exertions to bring out settlers, and to take up land. The other clauses which were introduced, have always discouraged individuals and kept them down, so that those of them who had any skill, on becoming aware of the facts, dare venture nothing. It is very true that the Company hath brought over some persons, but it did not persevere, so that little advantage followed it had, also, no proper commencement, for 'twas done as if without any plan.

and pertinently to describe, in what and how many It is impossible to relate

instances Company hath injured and obstructed this country. It was the

I^u, j^cob'"wann' unwilling that our own nation should take up land, as appears from the case of ge^n^ at the Fresh jj^ggj, Walingcn and his associates, at the Fresh river and now recently as

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS: IV. 297 regards the South river, and in the meanwhile have foreigners intruded there, and nothing has been done except a prohibition and protest against it. Nothing else could well be done, for the garrisons are not sent out complete agreeably to The rauu of New the Exemption, so that the fault of New Netherland's low condition lies as much ^onSrJ.'mlits iiso '"'"' ""''^°"P'"'yat the door of Fatherland, as of this place; yea, the seed of the war was, according to Director Kieft, first sown in Fatherland, for he said that he had express order to exact the contribution from the Indians; this would have been very good, had the country been peopled, but inthis instance it was premature. Trade, without which, when lawful, no country prospers, has also fiillen off so L»eiiimate trade in much m consequence 1 • r y^ or the Company ^ , 1

Nothing else could well be done, for the garrisons are not sent out complete agreeably to The rauu of New the Exemption, so that the fault of New Netherland's low condition lies as much ^onSrJ.'mlits iiso '"'"' ""''^°"P'"'yat the door of Fatherland, as of this place; yea, the seed of the war was, according to Director Kieft, first sown in Fatherland, for he said that he had express order to exact the contribution from the Indians; this would have been very good, had the country been peopled, but inthis instance it was premature. Trade, without which, when lawful, no country prospers, has also fiillen off so L»eiiimate trade in much m consequence 1 • r y^ or the Company ^ , 1

J s acts, that it is without a r • 111. . • 1

parallel, and more ^^^ Nftherland is '-•^p' 'i"«n ^y ihe ^ r ' Company. slavish than free, owing to high duties and all the inspections and trouble that accompany it. We highly approve of inspection according to the orders given by JJ„',f ''|^.'^'^ 'fo^'e'' the Company to its officers, and so far as 'tis done to check smugglers, who have coilntry""""* "'°

ruined the country, and now go out from all parts; but it ought, nevertheless, be executed without partiality, which is not always the case. The duty is high; of inspection and seizures there is no lack, and thus lawful trade is turned aside, except some little which is carried on on]y pro formd, in order to push smuggling under this cloak. Meanwhile the Christians are treated almost like Indians in chrisUans are ttoated almost like lathe purchase of necessaries which they cannot do without; this causes great '^'""• complaint, distress and poverty. Thus, for example: -- the merchants sell their

The duty is high; of inspection and seizures there is no lack, and thus lawful trade is turned aside, except some little which is carried on on]y pro formd, in order to push smuggling under this cloak. Meanwhile the Christians are treated almost like Indians in chrisUans are ttoated almost like lathe purchase of necessaries which they cannot do without; this causes great '^'""• complaint, distress and poverty. Thus, for example: -- the merchants sell their

dry goods, which are subject to little loss, at a hundred per cent advance, and that freely, according as there is a demand for, or scarcity of this or that article; (27) petty traders who bring small lots and others who speculate, buy up those goods from the merchants, and sell them again to the common people who cannot do without them, often at another advance of cent per cent, more or less, according as they are persuaded or disposed. More is taken on liquors which are subject to considerable leakage, and those who purchase such from them, pursue a course similar to that stated of the dry goods, and generally with so much shrewdness, Goods are sow in that the goods are disposed by the first, second and third hands, at an advance of ^ueTiwo'and't'hreo one and two hundred, and more per cent. It would be impossible for us to advance. enumerate all the practices that are had recourse to, for the purpose of promoting self or individual interest; whilst little thought is bestowed on introducing people into the country. We intended to be silent. But the people have, moreover, been driven away by harsh and unwarrantable proceedings; their Honors, however, authorized this, for they instructed Director Kieft to pick out faults The Directors order that a partial shoBid where none existed, and to consider a partial, ^ as a complete, r ' error and so forth. ' It ""^ c.nsidcred a» a eoraplele error, and has also been seen how the letters of the Eight Men have been treated, and the ^eipie."'"™'' ""'

But the people have, moreover, been driven away by harsh and unwarrantable proceedings; their Honors, however, authorized this, for they instructed Director Kieft to pick out faults The Directors order that a partial shoBid where none existed, and to consider a partial, ^ as a complete, r ' error and so forth. ' It ""^ c.nsidcred a» a eoraplele error, and has also been seen how the letters of the Eight Men have been treated, and the ^eipie."'"™'' ""'

result; besides many additional orders and instructions which are not known to us, and are alike ruinous but laying this aside for the present, with a word now :

and again by way of remark, let us proceed to examine how their servants, and the Directors and their friends, have fattened here from time to time, having played with their employers and the people as the cat plays with the mouse. It ^^.^ ^i,'p'ir'°m '''*'^

would, indeed, be very easy to give an account of their management and course laiwhhtmla^.'' from the beginning, but as the most of us were not here at that time, and Vol. f. 38

NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. consequently not eye witnesses, and as it was long ago and has partially escaped recollection, and did not seem to us so bad as afterwards when land was granted free, and the freemen began to increase, we shall therefore pass over the beginning, and let Mr. Lubbert van Dioglagen, Vice-Governor of New Netherland, describe the administration of Director Wouter van Twiller, with which he is known to be conversant, and treat only of the two last sad and senseless extravagances -- we should say, administrations -- of Director Kieft, which is

NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. consequently not eye witnesses, and as it was long ago and has partially escaped recollection, and did not seem to us so bad as afterwards when land was granted free, and the freemen began to increase, we shall therefore pass over the beginning, and let Mr. Lubbert van Dioglagen, Vice-Governor of New Netherland, describe the administration of Director Wouter van Twiller, with which he is known to be conversant, and treat only of the two last sad and senseless extravagances -- we should say, administrations -- of Director Kieft, which is

now in truth past, but its evil consequences remain and of Director Stuyvesant, ;

which still stands, if that can be said to stand which lies completely prostrate. The Directors in this country being at a distance from their masters, looked close to theirown advantage. They have always known how to manage their The Directors »d- owu affairs handsomcly, with little loss to themselves, yet under plausible under the 'preienc''o pretexts, such 33 pubHc interest, &c. They have also comported themselves just ««"• as if they were Sovereigns of the country; as they would have it, so must it always be, and as they desired it, so it was. " The Board of Managers," say The Director, play they, the abaolute maaler. j " are, indeed, masters in Fatherland, • • but we are masters in this land. As they decide, so 'twill go; there is no appeal." And it has not been difficult for them hitherto to put this in practice ; for the people were few, and the majority of these (28) very simple and uninformed; they, moreover, had business with the Directors every day, and if there were any men of intelligence among them, who could walk on their own feet, efforts were made to conciliate these.

" The Board of Managers," say The Director, play they, the abaolute maaler. j " are, indeed, masters in Fatherland, • • but we are masters in this land. As they decide, so 'twill go; there is no appeal." And it has not been difficult for them hitherto to put this in practice ; for the people were few, and the majority of these (28) very simple and uninformed; they, moreover, had business with the Directors every day, and if there were any men of intelligence among them, who could walk on their own feet, efforts were made to conciliate these. It was impossible at first fully to comprehend their policy, which was always artful and insidious, especially as it was so often successful in this respect, Director Kiert gaye and had sometimes quite ^ a long° duration. Director Kieft himself said, and out here that he was

Sovereign' ""!)«"'J ^'lo^^d othcrs to repeat it, that in this country he was Sovereign and the same Company"""" ""' "^ ^^ Priucc in Netherland. He was told so repeatedly here, and never made any particular objection to it. The refusal of appeal and other such acts, prove it so conclusively, that, in our opinion, it does not require any further evidence. stnyve»ani ai«o re- This present Director does, also, the same thing, for he too was quite at home

in refusing appeals. He also quotes right readily this maxim, " The Prince is si.jTesani applies above the law," and appliesit to his own case with so much arrogance, as to to himself ^ Ihe rr ' o taabOTMh^eirwr" make even himself ashamed. These Directors, then, having the power in their own hands, could do, and did whatever they chose, according to their good will and pleasure, and whatever was, must be right, because it was agreeable to them. 'Tis well known that those who arrogate to themselves, and exercise power, for the purpose of issuing suchcommands as they please, frequently command and requiremore than they really ought and whether it be proper or not, there are ;

These Directors, then, having the power in their own hands, could do, and did whatever they chose, according to their good will and pleasure, and whatever was, must be right, because it was agreeable to them. 'Tis well known that those who arrogate to themselves, and exercise power, for the purpose of issuing suchcommands as they please, frequently command and requiremore than they really ought and whether it be proper or not, there are ;

always some persons there to praise it; some through a desire to witness and abet evil; others, from fear; and thus do people still continue to complain, with Jan Vergas, dt dementia ducis, of the clemency of the Duke. But that we may give no one reason to suspect that we blow too hard, 'twill be proper to illustrate the uirKteTs admin"! closB of Dlrcctor Kieft's administration, and the government of Director Stuyvesant a little before our departure by a few examples, but we willingly admit, that it will not be in our power fully to relate all the particulars, as they

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS: IV. 299

were transacted so secretly, and with so much duplicity and guile. We shall, however, expose some of them according to our ability, and let an opinion be formed of the Lion by his paw. Casting our eye, then, over Director Kieft's administration, we come first to "ci^asS'' pr'lfp"'*" the Church, and we shall speak, after that, of the public property, both But as this man is now dead, and some of his proceedings ecclesiastical and civil. and acts are freely discussed by Jochem Pieterss Cuyter and Cornells Moiyn, we shall dispose of this point as curtly as we possibly can. o o the unnecessary Previous to Director Kieft's bringing J war upon the country, unnei-cisary war t brought upon the his principal aim and object were to take good care of himself, and to leave """"u-y by Kiefi. behind him a great name, but without any expense either to himself or the Company; for he has never yet done anything remarkable for the country by which it was improved.

Casting our eye, then, over Director Kieft's administration, we come first to "ci^asS'' pr'lfp"'*" the Church, and we shall speak, after that, of the public property, both But as this man is now dead, and some of his proceedings ecclesiastical and civil. and acts are freely discussed by Jochem Pieterss Cuyter and Cornells Moiyn, we shall dispose of this point as curtly as we possibly can. o o the unnecessary Previous to Director Kieft's bringing J war upon the country, unnei-cisary war t brought upon the his principal aim and object were to take good care of himself, and to leave """"u-y by Kiefi. behind him a great name, but without any expense either to himself or the Company; for he has never yet done anything remarkable for the country by which it was improved. With that view he considered the erection of a Church very necessary, being a public work, the rather as it was in contemplation at

that time to build (29) a place of worship in Renselaerswyck. Bearing this in mind, he communicated his views to the church wardens, of whom he himself ^u"S'^af"|°^"'° was one, who readily approved of and praised the project. The place where it should stand was then discussed. The Director wished, and insisted that jE^*,„h';^"h'i'^,J^,t it should be located in truly, the location is small, the fort lies on a point, which would be of more importance in case of population ; the Church, which ought to be owned by the people who defrayed the expense of its construction, intercepts and turns aside the Southeast wind from the gristmill which stands in that vicinity ; and this is also one of the Ji" brmechSJc™"'' causes why a scarcity of bread prevails frequently in summer for want of grinding. But this is not the sole cause for the mill is neglected, and having ;

The Director wished, and insisted that jE^*,„h';^"h'i'^,J^,t it should be located in truly, the location is small, the fort lies on a point, which would be of more importance in case of population ; the Church, which ought to be owned by the people who defrayed the expense of its construction, intercepts and turns aside the Southeast wind from the gristmill which stands in that vicinity ; and this is also one of the Ji" brmechSJc™"'' causes why a scarcity of bread prevails frequently in summer for want of grinding. But this is not the sole cause for the mill is neglected, and having ;

been leaky most of the time, it has become decayed and somewhat rotten, so that it cannot now work with any more than two arms, and has gone on thus for all of five years. But, returning to the Church from which the gristmill has for the moment diverted us; the Director concluded, then, to have one built and on the spot which he preferred. He lacked money and where was this to be got? ;

It happened, about this time, that Everardus Bogardus, the clergyman, gave in marriage a daughter, by his first wife. The Director thought this a good time for his purpose, and set to work after the fourth or fifth drink ; and he himself setting a liberal example, let the wedding guests sign whatever they were disposed to give towards the Church. o Each, then, with a light o head, subscribed away J at a Every one at iha wedding BUbscnbod handsome rate, one competing with the other and although some heartily In'thechiTrchlthich ;

It happened, about this time, that Everardus Bogardus, the clergyman, gave in marriage a daughter, by his first wife. The Director thought this a good time for his purpose, and set to work after the fourth or fifth drink ; and he himself setting a liberal example, let the wedding guests sign whatever they were disposed to give towards the Church. o Each, then, with a light o head, subscribed away J at a Every one at iha wedding BUbscnbod handsome rate, one competing with the other and although some heartily In'thechiTrchlthich ;

repented it when their senses came back, they were obliged, nevertheless, to gre"ied?%"r''uicy '"'^' pay; nothing could avail against it. The Church, then, was located in the fort, """' in opposition to every one's opinion. The honor and ownership of that work must be inferred from the inscription, which, in our opinion, is somewhat ambiguous, and reads thus: Anno, 1642. Willem Kieft, Directeur Generael, hccft de gemeente desen temple doen bouwen. But, laying that aside, the people, nevertheless, paid for the church.

300 NEW-YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. There is no church jj- ^ow ouF time to spcak of the church property, and to do the truth no jg

violence, we are not aware that there ever has been any, or that the church hath any revenue, except what is given to it. Neither the Company nor the Director ever took the least pains or trouble to obtain or provide any. The plate im» been passeil around lur The plate has been a longa time passed around for a Common school which has *^ i

There is no church jj- ^ow ouF time to spcak of the church property, and to do the truth no jg

violence, we are not aware that there ever has been any, or that the church hath any revenue, except what is given to it. Neither the Company nor the Director ever took the least pains or trouble to obtain or provide any. The plate im» been passeil around lur The plate has been a longa time passed around for a Common school which has *^ i

ihescbooi. been built with words; for, as yet, the first stone is not laid; some materials have only been provided. However, the money given for the purpose hath all disappeared and is mostly spent, so that it falls somewhat short; and nothing permanent has as yet been effected for this purpose. The poors' is for the money mobt part

comp»n°,"aQ7ne'i- 's MQ\ -phe Poor, who, however, are best ^provided for, have nothinsr except what V / '

coilectcd iu the church, in addition to a few fines or and voluntary offerings from ther principal interest can be got the inhabitants; but a considerable portion of the money is in the hands of the Company, who took it, from time to time, and retained it. They have long promised to pay interest, but notwithstanding all that is done in the matter, neither principal nor interest can be obtained from them. There is, occasionally, a flying report of an hospital and of asylums for orphans and for old men, &c., but as yet not a sign of an attempt, order or regulation has been made about them. From all these, then, it is sufficiently apparent, that scarcely any proper care or diligence has been used by the Company or its

They have long promised to pay interest, but notwithstanding all that is done in the matter, neither principal nor interest can be obtained from them. There is, occasionally, a flying report of an hospital and of asylums for orphans and for old men, &c., but as yet not a sign of an attempt, order or regulation has been made about them. From all these, then, it is sufficiently apparent, that scarcely any proper care or diligence has been used by the Company or its

officers, for any ecclesiastical property ; and, as far as can be ascertained, nothing in the least has been done from the beginning up to the present time, but on the contrary, every care and pains have been taken to attach minions closely, or to make new ones, as we shall hereafter show in its own time, and now proceed and see, what have been the public resources of the government up to the time of our departure, so that it may be manifest what pains and diligence the Directors have used and exercised in this particular. There was not indeed at first, in Director Kieft's administration, so favorable an opportunity as since, because the duties on the peltries were collected in Fatherland, and the freemen had not yet granted any excise, but after the public The duties on It"" calamity -- we mean, the rash war -- was brought on us, the duties on the peltries Neiheriand. began to collectcd in this country, and an effort was made to impose a beer excise, about which a conference was had with the Eight men, then chosen from among the people, who did not understand it; but requested to know in what manner and on what footing it would be established and how long it was to continue.

There was not indeed at first, in Director Kieft's administration, so favorable an opportunity as since, because the duties on the peltries were collected in Fatherland, and the freemen had not yet granted any excise, but after the public The duties on It"" calamity -- we mean, the rash war -- was brought on us, the duties on the peltries Neiheriand. began to collectcd in this country, and an effort was made to impose a beer excise, about which a conference was had with the Eight men, then chosen from among the people, who did not understand it; but requested to know in what manner and on what footing it would be established and how long it was to continue. Director Kieft promised that it siiould continue only until the arrival of a Company's ship, a new Director, or until the end of the war. And though all The beer excise was nearly "^ doubted this, and it was not agreed to, yet he introduced it by force. The iutroduced by force. i j • j beer belonging to the brewers who would not consent to an excise, was distributed i i i

among the soldiers as a prize, and so it has continued ; but it has produced great strife and discontent; for from that time forward the Director endeavored to The Director begins divide the country and to establish a faction those who were on his side could ;

try, and^s very j'eat- not do amiss, howevcr badly they behaved; those who were opposed to him areiisited. were always wrong, however well they acted, and the order to consider half an error as a whole one, was then strictly enforced. So great was the Director's

among the soldiers as a prize, and so it has continued ; but it has produced great strife and discontent; for from that time forward the Director endeavored to The Director begins divide the country and to establish a faction those who were on his side could ;

try, and^s very j'eat- not do amiss, howevcr badly they behaved; those who were opposed to him areiisited. were always wrong, however well they acted, and the order to consider half an error as a whole one, was then strictly enforced. So great was the Director's

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS : IV. 301

jealousy that he could not without suspicion suffer disinterested persons to visit his partizans. war wm not After the war had been terminated accordins' to the Director's own statement, The •-^ oe concludt'u uniii ""^ '" though in our opinion it will never be finished until the country be peopled, every [^^'j^.X^y!" one hoped that this excise would cease but Director Kieft postponed that until ;

the arrival of (31) a new Director, who was very anxiously wished for, and finally appeared; but like the crowning of Rehoboam ; for, instead of abolishing the beer excise, his first act was to superadd thereto a wine excise and other ,^^'j^5^7JJ^'„i;''^^: intolerable burdens ; so that some of the Commonalty, as they then had no <='»«•

advocate, were themselves under the necessity of remonstrating, but instead of J^'^^.f'^^P,''^ p"^""™ the relief they expected, they received a somewhat sharp reprimand from the Director, and subsequently obtained a written answer which, as was his custom, he had couched in so lengthy and so diffuse a style, that poor humble people, such as are here, must inevitably commit mistakes regarding it. And thus have further attempts been made from time to time to impose new taxes and burthens.

advocate, were themselves under the necessity of remonstrating, but instead of J^'^^.f'^^P,''^ p"^""™ the relief they expected, they received a somewhat sharp reprimand from the Director, and subsequently obtained a written answer which, as was his custom, he had couched in so lengthy and so diffuse a style, that poor humble people, such as are here, must inevitably commit mistakes regarding it. And thus have further attempts been made from time to time to impose new taxes and burthens. In fine, it is so managed that a considerable sum was received in Director Kieft's time, as

well from duties as from other sources which are estimated to amount, one year Kitft drew from ihe iM^io a with another, to 16,000 guilders, exclusive of the customs paid in Fatherland, s^'W^r.

which must indeed be also collected from the poor people here, for the goods are afterwards sold, and are now intolerably dear. The revenue reached a somewhat higher sum in Director Stuyvesant's time. It is estimated that fuliy^SwiguiW"^

about 30,000 guilders are now drawn from the people, yearly, in duties,

confiscations, excise, &c. ; and yet it is not fair, that the more one has the more he will have. Itwas however, allowable, that as much as possible should be contributed when it was to be employed for the public good and inasmuch as it i'!„"'prof;'id^d'''''n,,' ;

was promised and enacted, in all placards, that all the money was to be employed lZ%t """monry for commendable and necessary public works, let us now examine for a moment for'" the" %TO°.'ie'a what laudable public works there are in this country, and what fruits all the donations and contributions have hitherto borne. But in order not to commit any error in this matter, we must not be understood to include the goods and effects of the Hon''''= Company, and which are its property, for whatever belongs

was promised and enacted, in all placards, that all the money was to be employed lZ%t """monry for commendable and necessary public works, let us now examine for a moment for'" the" %TO°.'ie'a what laudable public works there are in this country, and what fruits all the donations and contributions have hitherto borne. But in order not to commit any error in this matter, we must not be understood to include the goods and effects of the Hon''''= Company, and which are its property, for whatever belongs

particularly to any person, never was public; and the Company's property in this country, including forts, cannon, ammunition, farm-houses, warehouses, dwellinghouses, buildings, horses, cattle, vessels, and whatever else may be, possibly ^cu, ?„"'y.XfhlrI

amount to between 60,000 and 70,000 guilders. And it is very probable that the a°boui Sm"tlv\. „ , II, . on" , . Builders. . , lis

debts against ° it are somewhat more. But laying this aside, we shall turn our debts ihere lo some- ./ more. ^ ^ (Ijj^g

attention to the public property, and see how the money has from time to time been employed according to the placards. If we are correctly informed, and have fully investigated and examined all these, we cannot ascertain or find that any

thing -- we say any thing -- big or little, worth mentioning, was done, built or constructed, during Director Kieft's administration, in which the people were ^,e"i',«ipie''i'n"Kieiv8 concerned or had any interest, except the Church, of which we have already """' spoken. Yea, so much negligence and carelessness prevailed in the matter, that nothing was proposed, undertaken or done with even an ostensible appearance of

If we are correctly informed, and have fully investigated and examined all these, we cannot ascertain or find that any

thing -- we say any thing -- big or little, worth mentioning, was done, built or constructed, during Director Kieft's administration, in which the people were ^,e"i',«ipie''i'n"Kieiv8 concerned or had any interest, except the Church, of which we have already """' spoken. Yea, so much negligence and carelessness prevailed in the matter, that nothing was proposed, undertaken or done with even an ostensible appearance of

302 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. on the contrary, whatever (32) was contributed by the satisfying the people; Commonalty was absorbed among the Company's property; and the effects and The public revenue means Bven of the latter, both in one place and the other, have been squandered and thp Company's p purpose of making friends, securing witnesses, and m order to get rid of i i g^opyiy "« »<i'">°- for the accusers on the subject of the waging of the war. Even the Negroes, which were obtained with Tamandere, were sold for pork and peas something wonderful was ;

to be performed with this, but they just dripped through the fingers. There are yet sundry other Negroes in this country, some of whom have been manumitted on account of their long service ; but their children continue slaves, contrary to all public law, that any one born of a free Christian mother should, notwithstanding, be a slave, and obliged so to remain. It is impossible for us to relate every thing that has occurred. Whoever did not assent and applaud was watched, and when the opportunity offered, was remembered. We now submit to all intelligent persons what fruit this has borne, and what a way this was to obtain good testimony. Man is by nature covetous, and he is especially so who is needy.

There are yet sundry other Negroes in this country, some of whom have been manumitted on account of their long service ; but their children continue slaves, contrary to all public law, that any one born of a free Christian mother should, notwithstanding, be a slave, and obliged so to remain. It is impossible for us to relate every thing that has occurred. Whoever did not assent and applaud was watched, and when the opportunity offered, was remembered. We now submit to all intelligent persons what fruit this has borne, and what a way this was to obtain good testimony. Man is by nature covetous, and he is especially so who is needy. But we shall give some few instances of this, when we treat of Director Kieft's Proceeds to Diref- administration in 'particular, and now to proceed to that of Director Stuyvesant, tor Sliivvesanl's aJ- minisiraiioD. and to sce what has been its course here, up to the time of our departure, stuvvetant is un- Mr. Stuvvcsant has been, almost the whole of the time from his "^ first coming profitably busy in , c }h?^ C'mpanj'a afto our leaving, busy building, laying masonry, constructing, breaking up, renttmg and so forth ; but generally, on the Company's account and little to their expended than they are worth however advantage, for on some things more is ;

he at first put the church in order, which had come into his hands in very After the wno.ien bad repair, and shortly afterwards constructed a wooden wharf, each of which wharr and cljurcli, r J '

Stuvvcsant has been, almost the whole of the time from his "^ first coming profitably busy in , c }h?^ C'mpanj'a afto our leaving, busy building, laying masonry, constructing, breaking up, renttmg and so forth ; but generally, on the Company's account and little to their expended than they are worth however advantage, for on some things more is ;

he at first put the church in order, which had come into his hands in very After the wno.ien bad repair, and shortly afterwards constructed a wooden wharf, each of which wharr and cljurcli, r J '

for'ihe" eo^'e ''"°° is of great use and very convenient; but subsequent to this we know of nothing either done or made, that is entitled to the name of public work. Notwithstanding, the receipts have been sufficiently ample, as is evident from the yearly account; yet, like dropsical people, the cry was still incessantly for more. As a consequence, great discontent arose in a short time every where, not only among the burghers, who had very little to say, but also even among the Company's oflScers, so that divers protests passed between them on account of the expense and waste consequent on unnecessary councillors, officers, servants and so forth, entirely unknown to the Majores, and by reason of the appropriation and employment, for private purposes, of funds and means which were raised from the public; but all in vain little or no improvement followed. ;

And the more people tried to aid, restore and mend matters, the worse has it been for, swayed by pride, a determination entirely contrary was adopted, as ;

As a consequence, great discontent arose in a short time every where, not only among the burghers, who had very little to say, but also even among the Company's oflScers, so that divers protests passed between them on account of the expense and waste consequent on unnecessary councillors, officers, servants and so forth, entirely unknown to the Majores, and by reason of the appropriation and employment, for private purposes, of funds and means which were raised from the public; but all in vain little or no improvement followed. ;

And the more people tried to aid, restore and mend matters, the worse has it been for, swayed by pride, a determination entirely contrary was adopted, as ;

stnyvesant is proud if it were a disgracc to follow advice, and as if every thing should proceed from and will nol heed ° i i ^ <. i i adTioe. one head. The fruits of this conduct can speak and testify of themselves. People have been here now so long, and would beat every bush ; yet not a thing No reeuiation has had been done concerning weights and measures or the like, previous to the dueed '"'respecTn'J 23^ July, of the year 1649, at which time the people were notified that an order " sures; q^ the subject would be issued the ensuing August, which the Fiscal would then (33) enforce -- this was as much as to say: "Water the pigeons." Much

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS : IV. 303

discontent and division also frequently prevail among the people in regard to the weights and measures ; and as these were never stamped, there can be no uniformity. The belief likewise obtains, that some, whose consciences are large, have two sets of them, but we cannot affirm the fact. The Company's grain measure has always been suspected but who dare say •' 'J so ?

People have been here now so long, and would beat every bush ; yet not a thing No reeuiation has had been done concerning weights and measures or the like, previous to the dueed '"'respecTn'J 23^ July, of the year 1649, at which time the people were notified that an order " sures; q^ the subject would be issued the ensuing August, which the Fiscal would then (33) enforce -- this was as much as to say: "Water the pigeons." Much

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS : IV. 303

discontent and division also frequently prevail among the people in regard to the weights and measures ; and as these were never stamped, there can be no uniformity. The belief likewise obtains, that some, whose consciences are large, have two sets of them, but we cannot affirm the fact. The Company's grain measure has always been suspected but who dare say •' 'J so ? The payment ; r J in norrrspeoiingwamthough aoliei- p,,^^ Wampum, which is the currency here, has never been placed on a sure '«''• footing, although the Select men requested it, and showed how it could be done, and added conclusive reasons in support thereof. But it has always been misconceived and distasteful. And when any thing was said to the Director on these and similar subjects, more than pleased him, a great deal of ill and spiteful Stuyvesant berates language was received ; even those who were officially brought to speak, with Ihe principal mcu among the people him of such things, if he were not in good humor, were berated as rascals, bear skinners, &c. The Fort under which people ^ ^ will take shelter, and from which, it seems, all The iike a mole heap, and ' ' fort is all

And when any thing was said to the Director on these and similar subjects, more than pleased him, a great deal of ill and spiteful Stuyvesant berates language was received ; even those who were officially brought to speak, with Ihe principal mcu among the people him of such things, if he were not in good humor, were berated as rascals, bear skinners, &c. The Fort under which people ^ ^ will take shelter, and from which, it seems, all The iike a mole heap, and ' ' fort is all

authority proceeds, lies like a mole-hill or a ruin. It does not contain a single order!"""'" "'" "'

gun-carriage, and there is not a piece of cannon on a suitable frame, or on a sound platform. It was proclaimed, at first, that it should be repaired, constructed with five bastions, and be made a first class fort. The Select men were also asked for money for the purpose but they excused themselves on the ;

plea that the people were very poor. Every one was also greatly dissatisfied, and feared that the Director would be more harsh and severe, could he once rely on his fort. It remains sticking between these. He will, doubtless, contrive by various circumstances to throw the blame on the Commonalty, who are innocent, although the Director desired to have the money from them, and pretended to have an order to that effect from their High Mightinesses; for had he applied to that object one-fourth of the money which was collected in his time from the The monej coiiec- Commonalty, it would, certainly, not have fallen short, as the wine excise was3t expOTTed •' •' on the foru was imposed expressly for that purpose. But so it was a thousand ways ;

He will, doubtless, contrive by various circumstances to throw the blame on the Commonalty, who are innocent, although the Director desired to have the money from them, and pretended to have an order to that effect from their High Mightinesses; for had he applied to that object one-fourth of the money which was collected in his time from the The monej coiiec- Commonalty, it would, certainly, not have fallen short, as the wine excise was3t expOTTed •' •' on the foru was imposed expressly for that purpose. But so it was a thousand ways ;

were sought to shear the sheep before the wool had grown. Thus, in regard to public works, there is little diffisrence between Director Kieft and Director

,.., Stuyvesant; for after the erection of the Church, the former became negligent The Directors insii- ,. . ,

and instituted personal actions against whomsoever he had a prejudice. The •"" s'-jyvesant is ,,, ., ^"te personal suits,

latter hath had much better and more opportunities to assist the people than "pect than Kieti.

his predecessor; for he had no war. He differs from him also, being more active and malignant in looking up causes of prosecution against his innocent opponents, than ever his predecessor had been.

; ;

NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS.

( 34 ) THE ADmNISTRATION OF DIRECTOR KIEFT IN PARTICULAR.

Sufficient has been said relative to what Director Kieft hath done in civil and ecclesiastical matters; vphether buildings, resources or revenues. It remains for

us to visit the Council chamber and bring out some specimens, according to our promise. Herein we shall also study conciseness. The Council consisted, then, of Director Kieft and Monsieur La Montangie the Director had two votes and Mr. La Montangie one; and yet !it was a high to appeal from their judgments. crime Gornelis van der Hooykens sat with them as Fiscal, and Cornells van Thienhoven as Secretary.

Sufficient has been said relative to what Director Kieft hath done in civil and ecclesiastical matters; vphether buildings, resources or revenues. It remains for

us to visit the Council chamber and bring out some specimens, according to our promise. Herein we shall also study conciseness. The Council consisted, then, of Director Kieft and Monsieur La Montangie the Director had two votes and Mr. La Montangie one; and yet !it was a high to appeal from their judgments. crime Gornelis van der Hooykens sat with them as Fiscal, and Cornells van Thienhoven as Secretary. And, moreover, whenever anything extraordinary came up, the Director had a few additional invited, according to his pleasure these were mostly officers of the Company. ;

This, however, happened but seldom, yet it produced dissatisfaction. Neither ElSit^meli™ havt the Twclvc men nor the Eight after them, had voice or opinion in cases before mueiosay. ^j^^ court; they were chosen in view of the war and some other occurrences, in

order to serve as a cloak and a fcatspaw. In other respects, they were of no consideration, and little regarded when they proposed anything in opposition to the views of the Director, who imagined himself, or would fain persuade others, The Direotora give that he was Sovereign and that it was absolutely in his power to do, or to "" that the safety of the People was the "'' so'verei'gna. permit, everything; and he heeded little

supreme law, as was clearly manifest in the war although an effort was made by;

In other respects, they were of no consideration, and little regarded when they proposed anything in opposition to the views of the Director, who imagined himself, or would fain persuade others, The Direotora give that he was Sovereign and that it was absolutely in his power to do, or to "" that the safety of the People was the "'' so'verei'gna. permit, everything; and he heeded little

supreme law, as was clearly manifest in the war although an effort was made by;

subterfuges and piles of certificates and petitions, to shove the responsibility on Because everyone others, whcu the spit was tumcd into the ashes. But this was done because dAorihe blood ihai thinffs ' one Went too far, and every laid the damage and bloodshed at his door. was thert, h« en- & , . , . , , ,

?tT°m''hu"b'o"iir. La Montangie said that he protested against it, but that he was mixed up with ^'"- it against his will and to his deep regret and afterwards, when it did take place, ;

that he pretended to assist to the best of his ability. Secretary Cornelis van Tienhoven also says, he had scarcely any hand in it, and that he had done nothing in the premises except by the express order of the Director but this ;

was not believed, for there are some who heard La Montangie say, that had not The Secretary the Secretary brought a false report, the affair would have never happened. brings false reports. ^^^^.^ ^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^ othcrs who know it, and almost every one believes it, to be so, and indeed it seems very likely. No confidence was placed in Fiscal Van der Hooykens in consequence of his drinking, in which all his science consisted

was not believed, for there are some who heard La Montangie say, that had not The Secretary the Secretary brought a false report, the affair would have never happened. brings false reports. ^^^^.^ ^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^ othcrs who know it, and almost every one believes it, to be so, and indeed it seems very likely. No confidence was placed in Fiscal Van der Hooykens in consequence of his drinking, in which all his science consisted

neither had he any experience in this country, and at the commencement, frequently cursed the war as being against his will, so that the responsibility

remains and must rest with the Director and Secretary Thienhoven. To the Director was intrusted the supreme authority; did any one advise (35) him to the country's ruin, he must not follow such advice, and afterwards endeavor to throw the blame off his shoulders on people who will excuse themselves although The petitioners not they are, in our opinion, not wholly blameless. We believe the war to have entirely innoceni. ^^^^ caused by the exactiou of the contribution, for which the Director said he

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS: IV. 305 had the order of the Majores, and by his own imprudent expeditions, which manifested themselves ciiiefly in the mysterious toast ; but there are friends whom tiiis closely concerns and who have already undertaken it. We shall leave of"'« sovereignty. the matter to them, and give a few specimens of his aspirations after sovereignty, omitting several others for the sake of brevity. At this point we are met by one Franciscus Douthy, an English clergyman here, and one Arnoldus van Hardenbergh, a free merchant, also of this place but as ;

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS: IV. 305 had the order of the Majores, and by his own imprudent expeditions, which manifested themselves ciiiefly in the mysterious toast ; but there are friends whom tiiis closely concerns and who have already undertaken it. We shall leave of"'« sovereignty. the matter to them, and give a few specimens of his aspirations after sovereignty, omitting several others for the sake of brevity. At this point we are met by one Franciscus Douthy, an English clergyman here, and one Arnoldus van Hardenbergh, a free merchant, also of this place but as ;

this will probably come before your High Mightinesses in full session, in the cases in which they appear, we shall give merely a summary of them. This clergyman, Franciscus Doulliy, came to New England at the commencement of the troubles or Fmnds Douthy. in England, in order to escape them, and found that he had got out of the frying pan into the fire. He betook himself, inconsequence, under the protection of the Netherlanders, in order that he may, according to the Dutch reformation, enjoy freedom of conscience, which he unexpectedly missed in New England ; and the Director granted and conveyed to him an absolute patent, with manorial privileges. He added some families now to his settlement, in the course of one year; but the war breaking out, they were all driven oft" their lands, with the loss of some JirTv""' rrom°""his

people, and the destruction of many cattle, of almost all their houses, and whatever they had ; they returned a while after that, and having consumed more than they knew how to obtain, they came to the Manathans, whither all the refugees at that time fled, and Master Douthy was minister there. After the fiame Francis Douthy was minister at the of war had died away, and peace had been concluded, in such a manner, Manaihans. however, that no one had much reliance on it, some returned again to their land.

people, and the destruction of many cattle, of almost all their houses, and whatever they had ; they returned a while after that, and having consumed more than they knew how to obtain, they came to the Manathans, whither all the refugees at that time fled, and Master Douthy was minister there. After the fiame Francis Douthy was minister at the of war had died away, and peace had been concluded, in such a manner, Manaihans. however, that no one had much reliance on it, some returned again to their land. The Director would fain see this man go back to his land, in order that every thing should have the appearance of being arranged, but as peace was doubtful, and Master Douthy had no means to begin with, he was not in a hurry; he went, however, sometitne after, and resided there half a year, but he again n was expected that removed, as it was seized ; for in the hope that some others would establish a hive^espatirpeL ° there, a suit was instituted against the Minister, and carried so village far, that be'i'ng done^it was ° conflacated.

the land was confiscated. Master Douthy finding himself aggrieved, appealed from the judgment. The Director answered, there was no appeal from his decision which must be final, and in consequence of his remark, sentenced the Minister to be imprisoned for the space of 24 hours, and then pay 25 guilders. We have always considered this act tyrannical, and regarded it as an instance of sovereignty. Arnoldus van Hardenbergh's case resembles this very much in its result, for after Seger Theunisse had been murdered by the Indians, at the Beeregat, and the yacht had returned to the Manathans, the Director and Council appointed Arnoldus van Hardenbergh and (36) two others, curators of of the estate, and the yacht was searched.

The Director answered, there was no appeal from his decision which must be final, and in consequence of his remark, sentenced the Minister to be imprisoned for the space of 24 hours, and then pay 25 guilders. We have always considered this act tyrannical, and regarded it as an instance of sovereignty. Arnoldus van Hardenbergh's case resembles this very much in its result, for after Seger Theunisse had been murdered by the Indians, at the Beeregat, and the yacht had returned to the Manathans, the Director and Council appointed Arnoldus van Hardenbergh and (36) two others, curators of of the estate, and the yacht was searched. And in it was found some property which had not been entered, wherefore the Fiscal summoned the curators into court, and claimed that the property was forfeited to the Company. The Hardenbergh before curators opposed it, and gave Hardenberch charge of the suit, who after some proceedings, was cast. As he now found himself aggrieved as agent for the general owners, he appealed to such judges as the owners would elect. Then Vol. I. 39

306 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. *'''^ game was repeated it was a high crime ; the Fiscal made great pretence and ; ^e»'i8™anT''a /''a fine of 25 guiidtre. a judgment was pronounced, the contents whereof were as follows: "Having -- Copy of ihe ten- «' seen the written demand of Fiscal Van der Hoeikens of and against Arnoldus tence. ° " van Hardenburch, and that in relation to the appeal from our judgment, dated " 28"" April last, as appears by the signature of the above named A. van " Hardenberch, from which judgment no appeal can lie, as the commission of " their High Mightinesses the Lords States General and his Highness of Orange, " proves to him therefore, the Director General and Council of New Netherland, ;

306 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. *'''^ game was repeated it was a high crime ; the Fiscal made great pretence and ; ^e»'i8™anT''a /''a fine of 25 guiidtre. a judgment was pronounced, the contents whereof were as follows: "Having -- Copy of ihe ten- «' seen the written demand of Fiscal Van der Hoeikens of and against Arnoldus tence. ° " van Hardenburch, and that in relation to the appeal from our judgment, dated " 28"" April last, as appears by the signature of the above named A. van " Hardenberch, from which judgment no appeal can lie, as the commission of " their High Mightinesses the Lords States General and his Highness of Orange, " proves to him therefore, the Director General and Council of New Netherland, ;

" regarding the dangerous consequences which tend to the injury of the supreme

^ . " authority of the magistracy of this country, condemn the aforesaid Arnoldus " van Hardenberch in the fine of 25 guilders, payable immediately, or to be " imprisoned until the fine be paid, as an example to others." If the lion be now known by his paw, it can be seen that these people make nothing of the name of your High Mightinesses, His Highness of Orange, the honor of the magistracy, and have used the words, dangerous consequences, an example to others and more of the like description, in order to play off their own personages therewith. Jeifn^uhrS'stoJ ^® have, therefore, placed this act alongside of that perpetrated against the Douthy. Minister Douthy ; and many more such pieces, or similar ones, are to be found

" authority of the magistracy of this country, condemn the aforesaid Arnoldus " van Hardenberch in the fine of 25 guilders, payable immediately, or to be " imprisoned until the fine be paid, as an example to others." If the lion be now known by his paw, it can be seen that these people make nothing of the name of your High Mightinesses, His Highness of Orange, the honor of the magistracy, and have used the words, dangerous consequences, an example to others and more of the like description, in order to play off their own personages therewith. Jeifn^uhrS'stoJ ^® have, therefore, placed this act alongside of that perpetrated against the Douthy. Minister Douthy ; and many more such pieces, or similar ones, are to be found

in the record, if the entries be not altered, which is gravely suspected, as alterations have been sometimes seen in them. It is, then, sufficiently apparent,

that pretty much every thing has gone amiss, and herewith shall we quit the subject, and pass on to Director Stuyvesant's administration, with a word, howevcr, first regarding J introduced into the patents, & the clause sinisterly as the Of the sinister eianse In the ground briefs. ' b r '

sequel will enable one easily to determine. For by the patents absolute conveyance was granted to the people who then thought all was safe, and that they were masters of wh.it they possessed. The patents were next called in, on pretence that something had been forgotten in them ; but it was not so, only 'twas imagined that something had been surrendered in the grant, and therefore a clause was added to the patents, which were signed anew ; this conflicts directly with the patent, so that without distorting its tenor in the least, there is now a There Is a contra- Contradiction in one and the same patent; for the old deeds read thus: -- "And the same patent. they enter on the land and valleys which appertain thereunto of old." And the clause says, -- No valley to be used before the Company; which can easily use all

The patents were next called in, on pretence that something had been forgotten in them ; but it was not so, only 'twas imagined that something had been surrendered in the grant, and therefore a clause was added to the patents, which were signed anew ; this conflicts directly with the patent, so that without distorting its tenor in the least, there is now a There Is a contra- Contradiction in one and the same patent; for the old deeds read thus: -- "And the same patent. they enter on the land and valleys which appertain thereunto of old." And the clause says, -- No valley to be used before the Company; which can easily use all

of it and have their competency. (37) Another clause is usually inserted in the patents, which is objected to by every one, to wit : That they must be subject to all burthens which are already, or shall hereafter be imposed. -- That can be carried out ad infinitum, and it has already been enforced against divers inhabitants, and has discouraged others from undertaking anything on such conditions.

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS: IV. 307

THE ADMINISTRATION OP DIRECTOR STUYVESANT, IN PARTICULAR.

We sincerely wish we were already through this administration, for it hath been fSonbear8*'h'Md heavy upon us, and we are conscious of our feeble power; we will, nevertheless, make a beginning, and as we have already treated of the public property, ecclesiastical and civil, we shall examine into the administration of justice and the rendering of judgment between man and man, and demonstrate, as with a finger, in the first place, the manner of the Director and Council. As regards the Director, his manner in court has been, from his first arrival unto this time, to browbeat, dispute ^ with and harass one of the two parties not as beseemeth ' ; SUiyvesanl acts the a Jo' iudge, but like a zealous advocate.

We sincerely wish we were already through this administration, for it hath been fSonbear8*'h'Md heavy upon us, and we are conscious of our feeble power; we will, nevertheless, make a beginning, and as we have already treated of the public property, ecclesiastical and civil, we shall examine into the administration of justice and the rendering of judgment between man and man, and demonstrate, as with a finger, in the first place, the manner of the Director and Council. As regards the Director, his manner in court has been, from his first arrival unto this time, to browbeat, dispute ^ with and harass one of the two parties not as beseemeth ' ; SUiyvesanl acts the a Jo' iudge, but like a zealous advocate. This has caused great " discontent advocaie and not the judge m tJio

every where, and has gone so far and had such an effect on some, that many '='""'•

dare not bring any suits before the court, if they do not stand well, or passably so, with the Director ; for, whom he opposeth hath both sun and moon against him. In addition to the fact that he hath himself appointed and obliged so many Councillors, some of whom also are well disposed, so that he can constrain the others by plurality of votes, he likewise frequently submits his opinion in writing, and that so fully and so amply that it takes up some side, and then ||i';,^J't^^^°J,y'"^'J,'X!

his word is: "Gentlemen, this is my opinion; if any one have aught to object dicwo" or auvice. to it, let him express it." If any one, then, on the instant, offer objection, which

In addition to the fact that he hath himself appointed and obliged so many Councillors, some of whom also are well disposed, so that he can constrain the others by plurality of votes, he likewise frequently submits his opinion in writing, and that so fully and so amply that it takes up some side, and then ||i';,^J't^^^°J,y'"^'J,'X!

his word is: "Gentlemen, this is my opinion; if any one have aught to object dicwo" or auvice. to it, let him express it." If any one, then, on the instant, offer objection, which

is not very easy unless he be well grounded, his Honor bursts forth, incontinently,

into a rage and makes such a to-do that it is dreadful yea, he frequently abuses ;

the Councillors as this and as that, in foul language better befitting the fishmarket than the Council board ; and if all this be tolerated, he will not be satisfied until he have his way. To prove this by example and certificates, though possible, would, however, carry us to too great a length. But, we all say and affirm, that such has, from the commencement, been and still continues daily to be, the common practice, and that this is the conduct and bearing in the Council of the Director who is president and head thereof. Let us now, also, cursorily speak of each of the other Councillors. Lubbert van Dinklagen, the Vice- ly'S-esS^.*''''*'' Governor, hath for a long time exhibited great dissatisfaction, and on several occasions, and for divers matters, (38) hath protested against the Director and his appointed Council, but it is only of late, after some others had offered

But, we all say and affirm, that such has, from the commencement, been and still continues daily to be, the common practice, and that this is the conduct and bearing in the Council of the Director who is president and head thereof. Let us now, also, cursorily speak of each of the other Councillors. Lubbert van Dinklagen, the Vice- ly'S-esS^.*''''*'' Governor, hath for a long time exhibited great dissatisfaction, and on several occasions, and for divers matters, (38) hath protested against the Director and his appointed Council, but it is only of late, after some others had offered

opposition. He had been previously so influenced by fear that he durst not oppose the Director, but was obliged to let many things take their course and submit to them, to which, he afterwards declared, he had great objection because they were unjust, but he saw no other way to secure peace; for the Director himself said, in Council, that he would treat him worse than Wouter van Twiller had ever done, if he would not obey his wishes. This man is then overruled. Let us now proceed further. Monsieur La Montanie had been in the Council in Kieft's time, and was then, by many, greatly suspected he hath ;

no commission from Fatherland ; was, also, driven off his land by the war ; is

308 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. deeply in the Company's debt, and is, therefore, under the necessity of

dissembling; but it is sufficiently notorious, and has been heard from himself, was not pleased with, and disapproved of that administration. Brian that he Muyson [Nuton], lieutenant of the soldiers, comes next. This man dreads the Director, and honors him as his benefactor; besides being very ignorant and n«mSCnd''o'u? inexperienced in the law, he is totally unacquainted with our Dutch language, ""' eaj^Tel!'^" SO that he is entirely unqualified to reply to the elaborately written opinions, except that he indeed must and will say, Yes.

dissembling; but it is sufficiently notorious, and has been heard from himself, was not pleased with, and disapproved of that administration. Brian that he Muyson [Nuton], lieutenant of the soldiers, comes next. This man dreads the Director, and honors him as his benefactor; besides being very ignorant and n«mSCnd''o'u? inexperienced in the law, he is totally unacquainted with our Dutch language, ""' eaj^Tel!'^" SO that he is entirely unqualified to reply to the elaborately written opinions, except that he indeed must and will say, Yes. Adrian Keyser, the Commissary, cnmmissary Adri- who cauic here as Secretary, is also sometimes admitted to the Council. This man hath not forgotten much law, but says, himself, that he lets God's water run over God's field. This man, then, can say nothing, and dare not say anything; for so much devolves on him that it is best that he keep quiet. The The Captains of the Captains of the ships have also a vote in the Council when they are ashore, ships have a vote m r r J

8iuyTSant°"'aiis''"at such as Jclmcr Tomas and Paulus Lenaersse, who was appointed Naval agent whi?h they di^'not OH his first arriving here, and has always had a seat in the Council, but he is, now, a freeman. Every one can easily imagine the amount of knowledge these men, who have spent all their lives at sea and have been brought up to ship business, possess of matters of law and of husbandmen's disputes; besides which, the Director keeps them so dependent that they dare not speak, as will appear from this circumstance at Curasao, before the Director ever saw New -1 Netherland. As they were discoursing about the value of Caracks, the Director himself said to the minister and others: "Domine Johannes, I thought I had " bi ought honest sliippers vpith me, but I find that I have brought a pack of thieves." And this was said of these gentlemen Councillors, but principally of the Naval officer, for Captain Jelmer was mostly all the time at sea.

Every one can easily imagine the amount of knowledge these men, who have spent all their lives at sea and have been brought up to ship business, possess of matters of law and of husbandmen's disputes; besides which, the Director keeps them so dependent that they dare not speak, as will appear from this circumstance at Curasao, before the Director ever saw New -1 Netherland. As they were discoursing about the value of Caracks, the Director himself said to the minister and others: "Domine Johannes, I thought I had " bi ought honest sliippers vpith me, but I find that I have brought a pack of thieves." And this was said of these gentlemen Councillors, but principally of the Naval officer, for Captain Jelmer was mostly all the time at sea. But they let it pass unnoticed, a sign that they were dependent ; they did not fare the worse for it, however, for Paulus Lenaertse hath but trifling wages and yet has built a better dwelling-house here than any other person. How this is done, is too deep The Director bear- for US ; for though the Dircctor is aware of these things, he nevertheless observes Paulus ^ Lraacrjae gjiencc whcu Paulus Lcuaertse begins to get excited, which he would not suffer from any other person and this gives rise to divers unfavorable surmises. To ;

complete the bench of justice, there still remain the Secretary and the Fiscal Hendrick van Dyck, who has been formerly here as Ensign. Director Stuyvesant The Fiscal 29 pvcludcd ^ him twentv-uine j (39) months from the Council board, for the reason, i months out of the \

How this is done, is too deep The Director bear- for US ; for though the Dircctor is aware of these things, he nevertheless observes Paulus ^ Lraacrjae gjiencc whcu Paulus Lcuaertse begins to get excited, which he would not suffer from any other person and this gives rise to divers unfavorable surmises. To ;

complete the bench of justice, there still remain the Secretary and the Fiscal Hendrick van Dyck, who has been formerly here as Ensign. Director Stuyvesant The Fiscal 29 pvcludcd ^ him twentv-uine j (39) months from the Council board, for the reason, i months out of the \

ooaneii. amoug othcrs, as his Honor stated, that he cannot keep a secret, but divulges whatever is done there. He also frequently declared that he was a villain, a scoundrel, a thief, &c. And all this is well known to the Fiscal, but he dare not adopt the right course in the matter and, in our opinion, 'tis not advisable for ;

him to do so for he is a man wholly intolerable alike in words and deeds. ;

What shall we say of one whose head is a trouble to him and whose screw is TheFisoaMs none joogg, especially when it is surrounded by a little sap in the wood, which is no rare occurrence, as he is master at home. Cornells Van Thienhoven, the Secretary, comes next. A great deal might be said of this man ; more even

;

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS : IV. 309

him to do so for he is a man wholly intolerable alike in words and deeds. ;

What shall we say of one whose head is a trouble to him and whose screw is TheFisoaMs none joogg, especially when it is surrounded by a little sap in the wood, which is no rare occurrence, as he is master at home. Cornells Van Thienhoven, the Secretary, comes next. A great deal might be said of this man ; more even

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HOLLAND DOCUMENTS : IV. 309

For brevity's sake, however, we shall select here "^^^ tong*"i7 ^h" than we are ab'ie to set forth. and there a few traits. He is crafty, subtle, intelligent, sharp-witted good adrou?' "wiirthe -- gifts when properly applied. He is one of those who have been longest in this iike .™' Indian; he country ; is thoroughly acquainted with every circumstance relating both to the Machiaveiiist.

Christians and the Indians. With the Indians even, he has run about like an Indian, with little covering and a patch before him through lust for the prostitutes to whom he has ever been excessively addicted, and with whom he has had so much intercourse, that no punishment nor menaces of the Director can drive him from them. He is a great adept at dissimulation, and even when laughing, intends to bite, and professes the warmest friendship where he hates the deepest. To every one who has business with him -- and there is scarcely one but has -- he gives a favorable reply, promises assistance and assists scarcely any body, or leads them continually off on some course or the other, except the Minister's friends. In his words and acts he is loose, false, deceitful and given to lying; prodigal of promises, andwhen it comes to performance, nobody is home.

He is a great adept at dissimulation, and even when laughing, intends to bite, and professes the warmest friendship where he hates the deepest. To every one who has business with him -- and there is scarcely one but has -- he gives a favorable reply, promises assistance and assists scarcely any body, or leads them continually off on some course or the other, except the Minister's friends. In his words and acts he is loose, false, deceitful and given to lying; prodigal of promises, andwhen it comes to performance, nobody is home. The l^^^ ,?"pMndpiuy origin of thewar was attributed, principally, to him and some of his friends. """•'""='*'" •'''°-

The Director was led astray by his false reports and lies, and this is the opinion and declaration of both reliable Indians and Christians. Now if the Voice of the People ° to the maxim, the Voice of God, of this man hardly be, according any ' or him nothing ' J J good can be said, good can, with truth, be said, and no evil concealed. With the exception of eonceaied!'°^ the Director and his party, the whole country cries out against him, as a villain, a murderer and a traitor, and that he must quit the country or there will not be any peace with the Indians. Director Stuyvesant was, at first and also afterwards, well informed of this who, nevertheless, retained him in office, ;

and gave him so much latitude that everything follows his behest more than if he were President; yea, who even says, that he is well content to employ him ; but that stone is still rolling. We are convinced, and do believe, that he misleads the General in many respects, and causes him to do much evil that otherwise would not be committed.

Director Stuyvesant was, at first and also afterwards, well informed of this who, nevertheless, retained him in office, ;

and gave him so much latitude that everything follows his behest more than if he were President; yea, who even says, that he is well content to employ him ; but that stone is still rolling. We are convinced, and do believe, that he misleads the General in many respects, and causes him to do much evil that otherwise would not be committed. In a word, he is a proximate cause of his ruin and of the country's difficulty ; but, it seems, the Director can not, or will not see it. For, when some persons represented the matter to him, 'twas of no avail but an effiDrt was made to palliate it, and so to manage that no one in Fatherland, where the truth may be freely spoken, could molest him for the purpose of getting at the truth, which is by no means their object. The attributes, then, of the members of the Council having been fixed, it is easy to conjecture that the (40) Court people stood by each other for the purpose of upholding the imaginary Sovereignty. And in order to gloze over that matter altogether, Nine men were chosen as of the entire Commonalty, and it was in the fnTrepreseni'"'ihe representatives *"""* omaionai.v. commissions and instruction declared, that what these men did, should be the act of the whole people ; as it, indeed, was when it accorded with the Director's opinion and views, for they represent the entire people. But when it happened otherwise, then they were Boobies, usurers, rebels, and such like. But, to understand this properly, 'twill be best briefly to state, in chronological order, every occurrence here during his administration, and how unjustly those have been treated who have sought the good of the country.

And in order to gloze over that matter altogether, Nine men were chosen as of the entire Commonalty, and it was in the fnTrepreseni'"'ihe representatives *"""* omaionai.v. commissions and instruction declared, that what these men did, should be the act of the whole people ; as it, indeed, was when it accorded with the Director's opinion and views, for they represent the entire people. But when it happened otherwise, then they were Boobies, usurers, rebels, and such like. But, to understand this properly, 'twill be best briefly to state, in chronological order, every occurrence here during his administration, and how unjustly those have been treated who have sought the good of the country.

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310 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. His first arrival -- for we speak not here of what passed oa the voyage was -- peacock like, with great state and pomposity the report that his Honor wished to ;

remain here only three years and other boasts induced some to think that he would not act the father. The word Myn Heer Generael and such like titles, were

taTed P'^""'"^' never known here before. He was busy almost every day issuing proclamations of various sorts, most of which were never observed and have long since died,

^''Inst '"^"".jochem ^^® w'xQe excise excepted, for that was a source of profit. The proceedings against hi|^ircensurabi'e.° the Eight men, particularly against Jochura Pieters Cuytter and Cornelis Molyn occurred also in the beginning, and the Director manifested so much partiality therein, that he afforded many an opportunity of judging of his character and its nature, but little to his advantage ; for every one clearly saw and remarked that Director Kieft had more favor and aid and counsel in his suit than his adversary, and that one Director was the advocate of the other, as Director Stuyvesant's siuvvesant exhibits own words imported ^ and signified ° when he said " These Boorish brutes would : harsliness, anil

The proceedings against hi|^ircensurabi'e.° the Eight men, particularly against Jochura Pieters Cuytter and Cornelis Molyn occurred also in the beginning, and the Director manifested so much partiality therein, that he afforded many an opportunity of judging of his character and its nature, but little to his advantage ; for every one clearly saw and remarked that Director Kieft had more favor and aid and counsel in his suit than his adversary, and that one Director was the advocate of the other, as Director Stuyvesant's siuvvesant exhibits own words imported ^ and signified ° when he said " These Boorish brutes would : harsliness, anil

ibe''fermer's. ''"''^ hereafter endeavor to knock me over also, but I shall now manage it so that they will have their bellies full in all time to come." And how it was managed the result of the suit can testify, for they must pay fines and were cruelly banished, and in order that nothing should be wanting, when Cornelis Molyn pleaded for '''-^il ' grace until intelligence of the result of his appeal in Fatherland should be "' received, he was threatened, as Molyn who is a living man hath himself declared, in these or similar words: -- "Had known, Molyn, that you would have divulged

our sentence, or brought it before their High Mightinesses, I should have had Molyn tiireatened to you hanged forthwith OH the highest tree in New Netherland." Now as this occurred before two pairs of eyes, it can be denied it may not be true, but ;

ibe''fermer's. ''"''^ hereafter endeavor to knock me over also, but I shall now manage it so that they will have their bellies full in all time to come." And how it was managed the result of the suit can testify, for they must pay fines and were cruelly banished, and in order that nothing should be wanting, when Cornelis Molyn pleaded for '''-^il ' grace until intelligence of the result of his appeal in Fatherland should be "' received, he was threatened, as Molyn who is a living man hath himself declared, in these or similar words: -- "Had known, Molyn, that you would have divulged

our sentence, or brought it before their High Mightinesses, I should have had Molyn tiireatened to you hanged forthwith OH the highest tree in New Netherland." Now as this occurred before two pairs of eyes, it can be denied it may not be true, but ;

what is remarkable, it is so confirmed by similar cases as not to admit of a doubt for it once came to pass in the Minister's house, after their departure, when the Consistory had met there and was risen, that one Arnoldus van Herdenberch related the proceedings relative to Seger Theunisse, and how he had appealed as curator, from the judgment, whereupon the Director, who had sat there as an stuyvesant declared Elder, took up the word and answered: "People may think of appealing during that the he wouid'put man to death myJ time -- should any one do have him made a foot shorter, pack so,^ I would r the

what is remarkable, it is so confirmed by similar cases as not to admit of a doubt for it once came to pass in the Minister's house, after their departure, when the Consistory had met there and was risen, that one Arnoldus van Herdenberch related the proceedings relative to Seger Theunisse, and how he had appealed as curator, from the judgment, whereupon the Director, who had sat there as an stuyvesant declared Elder, took up the word and answered: "People may think of appealing during that the he wouid'put man to death myJ time -- should any one do have him made a foot shorter, pack so,^ I would r the

ftom hia'j'adlmen^ picces off to Holland and let him (41) appeal in that way." O cruel words! what more could a Sovereign do And all this is still further confirmed, for after "?

Jochem Pietersse Cuyter and Cornelis Molyn went to Fatherland to prosecute their appeal, and letters were received here from them, and it was rumored that they were maintained or would be successful, the Director, speaking of Jochim Pieterss Cuyter and Cornelis Molyn, openly declared at various times and on stuyvesant con- many occaslous, both in presence of Inhabitants and strangers, that " Even tho' th"°nigh °MTghi'y they return and bring a States' order they would be no better off than they were; I should immediately send them back, unless their High Mightinesses summon me." His Honor has always maintained that no appeal lay, or could lie from this country,and that he was sufficiently able to prove it. And when some would not believe it, especially in cases against the Company or its chief officers, a great many extracts from divers authorities were quoted, not much to the point

Jochem Pietersse Cuyter and Cornelis Molyn went to Fatherland to prosecute their appeal, and letters were received here from them, and it was rumored that they were maintained or would be successful, the Director, speaking of Jochim Pieterss Cuyter and Cornelis Molyn, openly declared at various times and on stuyvesant con- many occaslous, both in presence of Inhabitants and strangers, that " Even tho' th"°nigh °MTghi'y they return and bring a States' order they would be no better off than they were; I should immediately send them back, unless their High Mightinesses summon me." His Honor has always maintained that no appeal lay, or could lie from this country,and that he was sufficiently able to prove it. And when some would not believe it, especially in cases against the Company or its chief officers, a great many extracts from divers authorities were quoted, not much to the point

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS: IV. 311

however. In the beginning, also, when Director Kieft was still here, the English Clergyman requested permission to depart to the Islands or to Netherland, as he had lived and labored a long while without proper maintenance, and as his land was now confiscated but he always received an unfavorable answer and was ;

threatened with this and that. Finally, it came to pass that he may depart on ^J,lT"hJ^' the condition of promising under his hand that, wherever he should go, he would not u,af'ho ahww'not mention, nor complain of the manner he was treated here in New Netherland by \rLiKi7 Director Kieft or Stuyvesant. This the man himself declares. Mr. Dinklagen and Commander Looper, who were then members of the Council, also vouch for its truth. If the Directors can now justify it to their own consciences, 'tis a wonder what they will then do with such certificates and many other things of ;

Finally, it came to pass that he may depart on ^J,lT"hJ^' the condition of promising under his hand that, wherever he should go, he would not u,af'ho ahww'not mention, nor complain of the manner he was treated here in New Netherland by \rLiKi7 Director Kieft or Stuyvesant. This the man himself declares. Mr. Dinklagen and Commander Looper, who were then members of the Council, also vouch for its truth. If the Directors can now justify it to their own consciences, 'tis a wonder what they will then do with such certificates and many other things of ;

a similar character have occurred, but very secretly. At first, the Hon'''^ Director also began to condemn very severely the contraband trade, which indeed was a very commendable were the law act,

passed and enforced; but he would himself do what he forbade to others, and this the people will not understand. His Honor said and openly maintained, that it was lawful for him on the Company's account to sell powder, lead and guns to the Indians, but for no one else that he would have a resolution passed stuyvesant ; eeiu "^ to that effect and even commence the work. What the purport of the resolution tlSTindiaus. is, we know not; but the character of the action is notorious to every inhabitant, for through his employes the Director hath publicly carried on trade with the the Indians; and he hath deprived freemen of one or two guns which they had brought with them for their own use and amusement; for some of whicli he paid what he thought proper, for others nothing; and then sold them to the Indians. But this could amount to nothing, and had little effect; some other course must be adopted. And with this view, one Gerrit Vastrick, a trader, was authorized to bring with him a case of guns, as is ascertained, in order, as it atuyvespnt imports "<=''»= °'g""'- was reported, to supply the Indians with a sparing hand. (42) The transaction with this case was so public, that not a man at the Manhatans but knew of it, and people had plenty to do, to quiet the public every one made his own ;

And with this view, one Gerrit Vastrick, a trader, was authorized to bring with him a case of guns, as is ascertained, in order, as it atuyvespnt imports "<=''»= °'g""'- was reported, to supply the Indians with a sparing hand. (42) The transaction with this case was so public, that not a man at the Manhatans but knew of it, and people had plenty to do, to quiet the public every one made his own ;

comment, for it was remarked that the vessel, as others indeed before it, had not been inspected, and it was presumed that a great quantity of guns, powder and lead were on board the ship for the Governor, but as the first did not succeed very well, nothing was said respecting the remainder. But this might have passed off did not every one remark what an excuse and justification the Director's doing so afforded to all others, both the skipper and trader, who had early information of it and now were reported to have brought out guns to a large amount. And greater credit was attached to this, as they proceeded to the right place and the returns they realized, though dumb, speak. This created inexpressible dissatisfaction among the common people, and even among the other officers, and had not the people been both persuaded and restrained, something serious might have been the consequence. It is also added: -- " The Director is in, and carries on, all sorts of business all over the ™1.u'^ofE '^^^ " country, for he hath various stores of his own ; he is a brewer, hath bouweries,

And greater credit was attached to this, as they proceeded to the right place and the returns they realized, though dumb, speak. This created inexpressible dissatisfaction among the common people, and even among the other officers, and had not the people been both persuaded and restrained, something serious might have been the consequence. It is also added: -- " The Director is in, and carries on, all sorts of business all over the ™1.u'^ofE '^^^ " country, for he hath various stores of his own ; he is a brewer, hath bouweries,

312 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. " is part owner of ships, a merchant and a trader both in lawful and contraband " articles." The Director, however, disregards what is said, and exhibits the Company's order for so doing, adding that he should receive by the Valckeiiier Order of ihe Direca supply of powder and lead for this purpose. In fine, he who forbids the trade '"''"'" Mdieadf" to others on pain of death, will carry it on himself, both covertly and publicly, and desires, contrary to all sound principles, that his example shall not be

And if others happen to follow it, which indeed is too often secretly followed. This have we witnessed the case, then away with such people to the gallows.

jI^r'^'TeyKs in the case of Jacob Ryntgens and Jacob van Schermerhoren, who were capitally '*''''*"" me'rhooni'.'' prosecuted for this offence, and a great deal of difficulty was experienced before they could be got off, and even then they were banished as felons and their property was confiscated. By the repeated interposition of several worthy citizens, the banishment was revoked, but the property which was somewhat considerable, they being importers, remained confisrated.

This have we witnessed the case, then away with such people to the gallows.

jI^r'^'TeyKs in the case of Jacob Ryntgens and Jacob van Schermerhoren, who were capitally '*''''*"" me'rhooni'.'' prosecuted for this offence, and a great deal of difficulty was experienced before they could be got off, and even then they were banished as felons and their property was confiscated. By the repeated interposition of several worthy citizens, the banishment was revoked, but the property which was somewhat considerable, they being importers, remained confisrated.

jomitSuK'. We cannot refrain from relating here what happened to one Joost Theuniss: Backer, as he has complained to us that his case was one of gross injustice, which it indeed is. For the man, being an honest Burgher here, of good repute, though •^ moderate means, was thrust into prison, and charges raked up against him from every hole and corner, on the information of one of the Company's servants, who, according to the statement of the General and Council, had richly merited the gallows three times, and for whom even a new one had been erected, which, however, he had out of mercy, escaped; finally, not a shadow of a charge being established, the accused was liberated, after 13 days imprisonment, on giving sufficient bail. If the Fiscal should find anything, he is to institute

his action, but up to this time nothing has been done. A considerable time having elapsed, we, as organ of the Commonalty, respectfully demanded, at his request, as his bail was importunate, that the man should have his trial and be (43) punished according to his deserts, if he were guilty if not, that he ;

For the man, being an honest Burgher here, of good repute, though •^ moderate means, was thrust into prison, and charges raked up against him from every hole and corner, on the information of one of the Company's servants, who, according to the statement of the General and Council, had richly merited the gallows three times, and for whom even a new one had been erected, which, however, he had out of mercy, escaped; finally, not a shadow of a charge being established, the accused was liberated, after 13 days imprisonment, on giving sufficient bail. If the Fiscal should find anything, he is to institute

his action, but up to this time nothing has been done. A considerable time having elapsed, we, as organ of the Commonalty, respectfully demanded, at his request, as his bail was importunate, that the man should have his trial and be (43) punished according to his deserts, if he were guilty if not, that he ;

be discharged. But it availed nothing, for we received injurious language, and the Fiscal was allowed to vomit forth whatever came into his mouth, and the man became the subject every where of dislike, and was abused as a hideous monster. Did he petition for anything, even if it were just, he received coarse, angry abuse; his petition was not received, and justice was denied him. These things cause great dissatisfaction, and excite thoughts of abandoning the country. Proceedings against Pieter Van der Linden fared no better, but he was not imprisoned, "^ though ° Pieter van der Lin- '^^°- many were, the most of whom are frightened, and would speak if they dare. Now as the Company itself carries on the forbidden trade, the people think that it is no sin for them too to prosecute it, if they can do so with impunity.

These things cause great dissatisfaction, and excite thoughts of abandoning the country. Proceedings against Pieter Van der Linden fared no better, but he was not imprisoned, "^ though ° Pieter van der Lin- '^^°- many were, the most of whom are frightened, and would speak if they dare. Now as the Company itself carries on the forbidden trade, the people think that it is no sin for them too to prosecute it, if they can do so with impunity. And this gives rise to an incredible amount of smuggling and fraud. It does not appear to

Placard for the pro- prevail this year as much as usual. The publication of a placard offering freedom teciion of e»u doers. ^^^ protection here to those New liable to civil or criminal prosecution in

England, hath also greatly embittered the minds of the English, and it was

„ ", TheDircctorisright considered to be by every one of evil consequence. ready to conflscale. ,. Mr. Stuyvesant's promptness i-,i- o at confiscatmg, causes also great discontent among the inhabitants, ibcarce a snip

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS: IV. 313 comes in, or near this place, that he does not looii on as a prize, unless it be the property of friends. Great pretensions will be set up on this subject, though with slender profit. we shall not question but confiscation hath Their merits ;

made so much noise in New Netherland, that none of those in any way in bad odor, considers his property secure. Were the noise thereof confined exclusively to the country, it were well; but he has spread it himself, throughout the neighboring English, both north and south, even to the West Indies and Caribbee Islands; everywhere there is such evil report, that not a ship dare venture here from those parts. Worthy and reliable people who come thence here by way of Boston, and others trading hence to Boston, assure us that more than 25 ships would come annually here from the Islands, were they not afraid of confiscation.

Were the noise thereof confined exclusively to the country, it were well; but he has spread it himself, throughout the neighboring English, both north and south, even to the West Indies and Caribbee Islands; everywhere there is such evil report, that not a ship dare venture here from those parts. Worthy and reliable people who come thence here by way of Boston, and others trading hence to Boston, assure us that more than 25 ships would come annually here from the Islands, were they not afraid of confiscation. This refers only to these places ; the same report flies all over, and carries similar terror, so that this Vulture is sorely destructive of the rprosperity Kumnr of conflsca- •' r J tion causes much inof New Netherland ; it diverts trade and renders the people discontented ; for {"H^ """^ "*'"*'''

other places, not so convenient as this, have more shipping. All permanent inhabitants, whether merchant, burgher, farmer, planter, working man or servant, sufTer great damage in consequence; for were there plenty of shipping here, piemj- of shipping °"' "^"" everything would be cheaper, and necessaries more easily obtained than now; whether goods or articles which the people themselves get through God's blessing, out of the earth, or otherwise raise, they would meet a more ready and a more profitable demand. People and privileges create trade. New England and Virginia especially, afford a clear example that this policy causes prosperity. Now all the debts and claims are called in which Director Kieft left uncollected, and which were due for the most part by poor and impoverished people, who

All permanent inhabitants, whether merchant, burgher, farmer, planter, working man or servant, sufTer great damage in consequence; for were there plenty of shipping here, piemj- of shipping °"' "^"" everything would be cheaper, and necessaries more easily obtained than now; whether goods or articles which the people themselves get through God's blessing, out of the earth, or otherwise raise, they would meet a more ready and a more profitable demand. People and privileges create trade. New England and Virginia especially, afford a clear example that this policy causes prosperity. Now all the debts and claims are called in which Director Kieft left uncollected, and which were due for the most part by poor and impoverished people, who

commenced with nothing and who lost their savings in the war, by which they were compelled to (44) abandon their houses, lands, cattle, and other means; and when they pleaded, that they were unable to pay -- that they had lost their all

by the war; that Master would please only to have patience -- they were repulsed, and the resolution thereupon adopted and indeed put into execution, to the effect that those who do not discharge the claims of the Company, must pay the interest, The Director caiis

" the debts were incurred in and by the war, and the people are ISuse "contracted In notwithstanding ' ' the war; and will unable to pay either principal or interest. Again, he will not pay the just debts °J^„f'°" ^"^ J""

which Director Kieft hath left behind on the Company's account, whether consisting of earned monthly wages, delivered grain, or any other lawfully proved liabilities; and when we object to this, that it is identically the same, people growl and will have it so. We have by petition and remonstrance so far succeeded, that the collection of the debts is postponed for a time.

" the debts were incurred in and by the war, and the people are ISuse "contracted In notwithstanding ' ' the war; and will unable to pay either principal or interest. Again, he will not pay the just debts °J^„f'°" ^"^ J""

which Director Kieft hath left behind on the Company's account, whether consisting of earned monthly wages, delivered grain, or any other lawfully proved liabilities; and when we object to this, that it is identically the same, people growl and will have it so. We have by petition and remonstrance so far succeeded, that the collection of the debts is postponed for a time. In addition, the Company's land is so burdened, taxed and kept down, that the inhabitants are unable to compete with their neighbors of Virginia or New England, or to undertake anything. It appears, and all the inhabitants of New Netherland, as far as our knowledge ° extends, believe, that the Directors in Holland The Pirectors in

HoUand pay to be r J no heed or attention to New Netherland, except when something received from it, which is 'I O is a reason that less is received by them. carr nolh- '"g /"' « Neih except lanri

The c«Te some duties. to rroextreme distress of war which has prevailed here, clearly demonstrates that they

Vol. I. 40

314 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. never inquired whether New Netherland sank or swam ; for when application

was made to them in such emergency for aid and assistance, which they were bound by honor and by promise according to the Exemptions to furnish, unasked, tiie case at their own expense. they never attempted to do anything in We let They never caused any good order or regulation to be adopted the expense go. in the matter, although such had been beneficently ordered and recommended by your High Mightinesses.

314 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. never inquired whether New Netherland sank or swam ; for when application

was made to them in such emergency for aid and assistance, which they were bound by honor and by promise according to the Exemptions to furnish, unasked, tiie case at their own expense. they never attempted to do anything in We let They never caused any good order or regulation to be adopted the expense go. in the matter, although such had been beneficently ordered and recommended by your High Mightinesses. They never even authorized an investigation to be made into the causes and true origin of the war, or attempted to punish those S°tn"ihe mTnag™ ^ho had raslily commenced it. Hence no little suspicion attaches to their order meDiofihewar. couceming it; 'tis certain, at least, that their officers were chosen more from favor and friendship, than from merit; this does not improve their affairs, but it is for the most part the stockholders' damage and loss. Many of the others doubtless understood their designs. In fine, they fall far too short in the protection they owe the country, for it bears no resemblance to it. Yet they Trade is heariiy taieil and Ihis must know Well how to increasc the public burdens, » for in the instances in the be^paid byihepeo- Excmptlons, in which they promise not to exceed 5 per cent, they now exact 16. 'Tis an old saying, he scrapes a good deal who scrapes half, but it does not reach that far. The excuses and evasions they have recourse to, as regards merchandise, smuggling, &c., which time has taught them in order to give a coloring to their acts, are of no value nor consideration, for there is nothing in them to be refuted: but too much of this.

Yet they Trade is heariiy taieil and Ihis must know Well how to increasc the public burdens, » for in the instances in the be^paid byihepeo- Excmptlons, in which they promise not to exceed 5 per cent, they now exact 16. 'Tis an old saying, he scrapes a good deal who scrapes half, but it does not reach that far. The excuses and evasions they have recourse to, as regards merchandise, smuggling, &c., which time has taught them in order to give a coloring to their acts, are of no value nor consideration, for there is nothing in them to be refuted: but too much of this. Meanwhile, we shall be ready to do so, if necessity require. There are more of these and innumerable other impositions, which we cannot detail, though (45) tending to the damage, injury and ruin of the country. When

the inhabitants or we, go to the Director or other of the Company's officers, and represent the prosperity of our neighbors, and complain of our own desolate and ruinous condition, we get no other answer from them than that they effectually see and observe it, but cannot, nevertheless, redress it; for they obey Tho Directors jay if amj niust adhere to the Company's orders, and if we have anything J J ' we a to say, we want anTlhing tr j

their "High MiphT "^"st petition their masters, the Company, or your High Mightinesses, which we nesses or the Com- ^j^^ ^^^^ Considered, in truth and in deed to be necessary. It is now more than a year since the select men concluded and considered it proper to send a deputation to your High Mightinesses. The Director approved it, and not only assented to The resolution as to it, but stronglv Urged ° it also. It was well advanced in the mill, so that already ' drlegalion ap- ° -' _

their "High MiphT "^"st petition their masters, the Company, or your High Mightinesses, which we nesses or the Com- ^j^^ ^^^^ Considered, in truth and in deed to be necessary. It is now more than a year since the select men concluded and considered it proper to send a deputation to your High Mightinesses. The Director approved it, and not only assented to The resolution as to it, but stronglv Urged ° it also. It was well advanced in the mill, so that already ' drlegalion ap- ° -' _

rector'^ '"' ""^ ^" "Mention began to be made of a delegate, but, however, nothing came of it. For this reason: When a commencement was about to bemade, the Director required that the proceedings should be according to his pleasure, and to this some who perceived the object, would not consent; the affair went to sleep in consequence. In addition to this, the English, on whom reliance had been and who were associated in this business, withdrew from it at the placed, time when the affair began to be more urgent, and the Nine men were changed our. the following year, when Mr. Stuyvesant again urged the matter strongly, and

declared that he had already written to inform the Company that some persons v.'ereabout to come over. After the election, then, and before the new incumbents were sworn, it was verbally, or orally resolved and concluded, that

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HOLLAND DOCUMENTS : IV. 315

the deputation should be proceeded with, whatever the consequences. Some time elapsed before the Nine men were sworn in anew, on account of some enlargement of the commission, which was at last issued, recorded and signed ; but we have never been able to obtain an authentic transcript of it, though the Director frequently promised it to us, and we have frequently applied for it.

After the election, then, and before the new incumbents were sworn, it was verbally, or orally resolved and concluded, that

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HOLLAND DOCUMENTS : IV. 315

the deputation should be proceeded with, whatever the consequences. Some time elapsed before the Nine men were sworn in anew, on account of some enlargement of the commission, which was at last issued, recorded and signed ; but we have never been able to obtain an authentic transcript of it, though the Director frequently promised it to us, and we have frequently applied for it.

^ waited in vain for the action of the Company As ^people had long which, from the Final Eesoimion tor I r J rtelppatinn to '

time to time, promised improvement but made things worse, the Select men nl.5jes"'^'' ^'s""'" adopted a resolution to delegate some persons ; this they sent to the Director and

requested permission to speak to the Commonalty on the subject; but their proposition was not well received and a very long postil was annexed to their written petition r to the effect that they must act conjointly J . with, and follow the Tba B.ioct m™ niusl not coufcr order of, the Director with many other things which scarcely accorded with our "i"" ">« peopi«- design, and were, in our opinion, impracticable. For various reasons, which we have set forth in writing, we considered it inexpedient to act conjointly, but we offered his Honor, if he would permit us to proceed, we should not send any thing to Fatherland without furnishing him a copy of it we should be very glad if ;

requested permission to speak to the Commonalty on the subject; but their proposition was not well received and a very long postil was annexed to their written petition r to the effect that they must act conjointly J . with, and follow the Tba B.ioct m™ niusl not coufcr order of, the Director with many other things which scarcely accorded with our "i"" ">« peopi«- design, and were, in our opinion, impracticable. For various reasons, which we have set forth in writing, we considered it inexpedient to act conjointly, but we offered his Honor, if he would permit us to proceed, we should not send any thing to Fatherland without furnishing him a copy of it we should be very glad if ;

he could, then, vindicate himself, but to follow his directions in this matter seemed to us not to be founded in reason, but was in direct opposition to the welfare of the country. Besides, we had never promised nor agreed to do so, and were bound by oath to seek the prosperity of the country, as we have always been disposed to do, according to the best of our knowledge. (46) It is stated in the postil above mentioned, if we read it aright, that we p»stiiof the Direoshall inquire how far the people would cooperate with us in this business, and how the expense should be defrayed, but the Director explained it differently from what we understood it. Now, as the Director would not convene the Commonalty, as we proposed, nor allow us to do so, we went around from house to house, and spoke to the people. From this time forward the General burned with rage, and in our opinion has never been effectually appeased since, although we were not aware but that we had obeyed his order in the premises.

Besides, we had never promised nor agreed to do so, and were bound by oath to seek the prosperity of the country, as we have always been disposed to do, according to the best of our knowledge. (46) It is stated in the postil above mentioned, if we read it aright, that we p»stiiof the Direoshall inquire how far the people would cooperate with us in this business, and how the expense should be defrayed, but the Director explained it differently from what we understood it. Now, as the Director would not convene the Commonalty, as we proposed, nor allow us to do so, we went around from house to house, and spoke to the people. From this time forward the General burned with rage, and in our opinion has never been effectually appeased since, although we were not aware but that we had obeyed his order in the premises. However, it was The Director u concluded that the Nine Men should not act in conjunction with him, nor follow his becLL hifdira- •' tions are not followdirections in what appertained to the matter, and that excited in his breast a bitter '*'•

and irreconcilable hatred against them all, but principally against those whom he presumed were the chief originators of it. And although these persons had always been his good and cherished friends, and he had even a short time before, esteemed them the honestest, most capable, most intelligent and most virtuous of the country,! ygj ^s soon as they did not follow his wishes, they were this and that, some of them rascals, liars, rebels, usurers; in a word, hanging was almost too good for them. Heretofore, the expediting the deputation had been earnestly pressed ; now, it was time enough six months hence, and a sheet of paper could contain all that was proper or necessary to be stated.

And although these persons had always been his good and cherished friends, and he had even a short time before, esteemed them the honestest, most capable, most intelligent and most virtuous of the country,! ygj ^s soon as they did not follow his wishes, they were this and that, some of them rascals, liars, rebels, usurers; in a word, hanging was almost too good for them. Heretofore, the expediting the deputation had been earnestly pressed ; now, it was time enough six months hence, and a sheet of paper could contain all that was proper or necessary to be stated. Various reports were also varmu» efforts

set afloat among the people, and an effort was made, principally through the B„ard from lu pur-

' The words of their Commission. Ed.

--

816 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. were discovered, and when it was perceived that this labor would be vain, an attempt was made to create a diversion by instituting personal actions against some who were considered the bell-wethers. ^ Accusations were made against them and they were prosecuted by the Fiscal and the other subordinate officers, who made them out to be about the biggest villains in the country, where they had shortly before been recognized as the best of persons and most deserving children. To accomplish that, an opportunity now offered which (to use the

Director's own words) was as precious to him as his own life. In the beginning of the year 1649, we clearly saw and perceived that not only should we have considerable to do as regarded the delegation, but that we should with difficulty accomplish it; we therefore considered it necessary to make out a series of

816 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. were discovered, and when it was perceived that this labor would be vain, an attempt was made to create a diversion by instituting personal actions against some who were considered the bell-wethers. ^ Accusations were made against them and they were prosecuted by the Fiscal and the other subordinate officers, who made them out to be about the biggest villains in the country, where they had shortly before been recognized as the best of persons and most deserving children. To accomplish that, an opportunity now offered which (to use the

Director's own words) was as precious to him as his own life. In the beginning of the year 1649, we clearly saw and perceived that not only should we have considerable to do as regarded the delegation, but that we should with difficulty accomplish it; we therefore considered it necessary to make out a series of

ofthe Rough notes, memoranda in order to draw up a proper Journal from them, when occasion allowed. This task devolved on one Adriaen Van der Donck who, according to a resolution which was adopted at the same time, was lodged in a room in one The notes seized Michiel Janss' house. One day when Van der Donck was abroad, the General arrested. seized this rough draft with his own hand, placed Van der Donck the day following under arrest, convened the Supreme Council, accused him of having committed Crimen lesae Majestatis, and took the matter so seriously that scarcely anything was to be done -- either the delegation must be a joint one, and then (17) it remained still to be arranged -- or sufficient cause of action was furnished by the Journal, as the gentleman designated the rough notes from which the journal was to be prepared "for," said he, "it contains gross slanders against their High ;

One day when Van der Donck was abroad, the General arrested. seized this rough draft with his own hand, placed Van der Donck the day following under arrest, convened the Supreme Council, accused him of having committed Crimen lesae Majestatis, and took the matter so seriously that scarcely anything was to be done -- either the delegation must be a joint one, and then (17) it remained still to be arranged -- or sufficient cause of action was furnished by the Journal, as the gentleman designated the rough notes from which the journal was to be prepared "for," said he, "it contains gross slanders against their High ;

Mightinesses." And when we would explain it, and requested the draft in order to correct it, as the writer would not insist upon it, but admitted he was fully aware that there were mistakes in it, in consequence of hurry and similar causes, as he had a great deal to do and the most part of it was not revised our ;

petition was defiignated a libel, unworthy of any answer, the writer of which would be punished as an example to others. In fine, we could not, in any way, Whatever was pro- manage to make it right. Vander Donck was forbad the Council and our Sessions mrelie.™ Cihe also, and we were notified officially of the circumstance ; yet, he could not get

and in order to cut off the proper means of proof, a a release from his oath,

petition was defiignated a libel, unworthy of any answer, the writer of which would be punished as an example to others. In fine, we could not, in any way, Whatever was pro- manage to make it right. Vander Donck was forbad the Council and our Sessions mrelie.™ Cihe also, and we were notified officially of the circumstance ; yet, he could not get

and in order to cut off the proper means of proof, a a release from his oath,

Writings forbidden, prohibitory notice was issued to the effect that no testimony nor other document should be valid, except those written by the Secretary. This was of no service to any person, and it was a general complaint that no business could be got

forward. Director Kieft did the self-same thing when he was apprehensive that complaints would be got up against him. And this is their usual course, to do everything they can think of to uphold their acts. Those who were officially obliged to take a part in public affairs and did so, were fortunate if they acted in accordance with the General's will and pleasure; if they did not, they were Those who speak prosecuted and sued, incarcerated, guarded by soldiers, so that no person might treated very badly, gpeak to them, angrily abused as all sorts of dangerous monsters, threatened to be taught this and that and everything was done, and recourse had to every expedient that could be invented or ripped up against them. We cannot dwell ' Some legal proceediDgs were instituted against Van der Donck. Ed.

Those who were officially obliged to take a part in public affairs and did so, were fortunate if they acted in accordance with the General's will and pleasure; if they did not, they were Those who speak prosecuted and sued, incarcerated, guarded by soldiers, so that no person might treated very badly, gpeak to them, angrily abused as all sorts of dangerous monsters, threatened to be taught this and that and everything was done, and recourse had to every expedient that could be invented or ripped up against them. We cannot dwell ' Some legal proceediDgs were instituted against Van der Donck. Ed.

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS: IV. 317 long on this, but refer to the Journal kept of it, and to the writing which the Director himself will furnish. Your High Mightinesses, and such other friends as happen to see it, can easily infer, from the preceding Relation, what trouble and labor we have had on our shoulders, with which we would have most willingly dispensed, had it not been for the love of the country and of the truth, which, as far as we know, hath long lain in the grave. The trouble and difficulty, Thetmihreearding though wanting no addition, have not wearied us, or rather, will not be to us '""S' so great a source of grief as is the sorrowful condition of New Netherland, now lying at its last gasp. But we hope and trust that our affliction and the sufferings of the inhabitants and people of the country, will excite commisseration in your High Mightinesses, in order that New Netherland may rejoice.

Your High Mightinesses, and such other friends as happen to see it, can easily infer, from the preceding Relation, what trouble and labor we have had on our shoulders, with which we would have most willingly dispensed, had it not been for the love of the country and of the truth, which, as far as we know, hath long lain in the grave. The trouble and difficulty, Thetmihreearding though wanting no addition, have not wearied us, or rather, will not be to us '""S' so great a source of grief as is the sorrowful condition of New Netherland, now lying at its last gasp. But we hope and trust that our affliction and the sufferings of the inhabitants and people of the country, will excite commisseration in your High Mightinesses, in order that New Netherland may rejoice.

( 48 ) IN WHAT MANNER NEW NETHERLAND SHOULD BE RELIEVED.

Although we are satisfied and fully aware, that, as respects public reforms, we are but as children, and that your High Mightinesses are fully competent in the case, yet we beseech you to pardon and excuse us, if we, according to our humble conception thereof, make a few suggestions in addition to what we have already considered, in our petition to your High Mightinesses, to be necessary. In our opinion this country will never flourish under the Hon"* Company's government on the contrary 'twill waste and decay in itself, unless the ;

Company be, in consequence, reformed. It would, therefore, be better and more advantageous for the country and themselves were they rid of it and the remnant of their property transported hence. To speak specifically: care ought to be taken of the public property, both ecclesiastical which in the beginning can illy be spared or dispensed and civil,

In our opinion this country will never flourish under the Hon"* Company's government on the contrary 'twill waste and decay in itself, unless the ;

Company be, in consequence, reformed. It would, therefore, be better and more advantageous for the country and themselves were they rid of it and the remnant of their property transported hence. To speak specifically: care ought to be taken of the public property, both ecclesiastical which in the beginning can illy be spared or dispensed and civil,

with. It is Worship must be entirely intermitted in doubtful but Divine consequence of the Clergyman's departure, and the Company's inability. There ought to be also a Public school provided with at least two good teachers, so that the youth, in so wild a country, where there are so many dissolute people, may, first of all, be well instructed and indoctrinated not only in reading and writing, but also in the knowledge and fear of the Lord. Now, the school is kept very irregularly, by this one or that, according to his fancy, as long as he thinks proper. There ought to be, likewise, Asylums for aged men, for orphans, and similar institutions. The clergyman who now returns home, could give fuller information on the subject. The country must also be provided with moral, honorable and intelligent rules who are not very indigent nor yet very covetous. A covetous ruler makes poor subjects, and the mode in which the country is now governed, is a great affliction and not to be tolerated for no one is ;

There ought to be, likewise, Asylums for aged men, for orphans, and similar institutions. The clergyman who now returns home, could give fuller information on the subject. The country must also be provided with moral, honorable and intelligent rules who are not very indigent nor yet very covetous. A covetous ruler makes poor subjects, and the mode in which the country is now governed, is a great affliction and not to be tolerated for no one is ;

unmolested nor secure in his property any longer than the Director pleases,

318 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. who is generally very prone to confiscation. And though men act fairly and give him his due, yet it is necessary still to continue to please him, if one would have quietness. Good population should follow good government, as we have demonstrated, according to our ability, in our petition. And although free passages and the fitting out of ships, were such requisite, would, at first, cause expense, yet when the result is considered, such an outlay would be immeasurably well employed, if farmers and laborers with other people in

straitened circumstances, of whom Fatherland has plenty to spare, were by that means introduced with what little they may have, into the country. We hope it would then prosper, especially had it, what we consider to be the mother of

population, good (49) Privileges and Exemptions, which could encourage the inhabitants; attract navigation and profitable trade, and with the pleasantness, convenience, salubrity and productiveness of the country, allure everyone hither. If a Boundary were added in the protection, to what has been already done, then with God's help everything would, in human probability, go well, and New Netherland could be, in a short time, a brave place, able, also, to be of service to the Netherland State, to richly repay expended outlays and to thank her benefactors.

population, good (49) Privileges and Exemptions, which could encourage the inhabitants; attract navigation and profitable trade, and with the pleasantness, convenience, salubrity and productiveness of the country, allure everyone hither. If a Boundary were added in the protection, to what has been already done, then with God's help everything would, in human probability, go well, and New Netherland could be, in a short time, a brave place, able, also, to be of service to the Netherland State, to richly repay expended outlays and to thank her benefactors. High and Mighty Lords We have ! taken the liberty to write this

Remonstrance, and to submit the case as we have done, through love of the truth, and because we have felt bound to do so by our oath and conscience. It is true that all of us, either together or individually, have not seen, heard or had a knowledge of the entire contents in every particular; nevertheless it

contains nothing but what some among us well know to be true and credible. We all know the greatest part of it to be truth some are acquainted with ;

the remainder of and have also heard it from trustworthy persons, and it,

sincerely believe it to be wholly true. We hope your High Mightinesses will pardon our presumption, and be indulgent to our plainness of style, composition and method. In conclusion, we commit your High Mightinesses' persons, deliberations and measures with your people both at home and abroad, together with all New Netherland, to the merciful guidance and protection friends of of the Most High, whom we supplicate to grant prosperity to your High Mightinesses in time and eternity. Amen. Done this XXVIII July, in New Netherland, 1649. (Signed) Adriaen van der Donck, Augustyn Harman, Arnoldus van Hardenbergh, Jacob van Couwenhoven, Oloff" Stevens, (beside whose name is written) " under protest.

In conclusion, we commit your High Mightinesses' persons, deliberations and measures with your people both at home and abroad, together with all New Netherland, to the merciful guidance and protection friends of of the Most High, whom we supplicate to grant prosperity to your High Mightinesses in time and eternity. Amen. Done this XXVIII July, in New Netherland, 1649. (Signed) Adriaen van der Donck, Augustyn Harman, Arnoldus van Hardenbergh, Jacob van Couwenhoven, Oloff" Stevens, (beside whose name is written) " under protest. Obliged to sign as to the Heer Kieft's administration." Michiel Janss. Thomas Hall, Elbert Elberts, Govert Lokermans, Hendrick Hendrixs Kip and Jan Everts Bout. (Underneath stood) After collating with the Original Remonstrance dated and subscribed as above, this is found to agree with it, at the Hague the 13lh October 1649 by me. (Signed) D. V. Schelluyne, Not. Pub. 1649.

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS: IV. 319

Vice-Director Dincklagen to the States General.

[ From Iho Original in ths Koyal Archives at the Hague ; File, West Indie. ]

Great and Mighty Sovereigns. Whereas the condition of that most fertile New Netherland is seriously impaired by the war, and the Commonalty hath resolved on a delegation of three of the Nine Selectmen, in order that your High Mightinesses may obtain full and thorough information on every point, I have not been able to dissuade them therefrom. I cannot say but they intend what is right. These persons are thoroughly conversant with the situation of the country. I hope your High Mightinesses will be pleased thereby and extend to them a favorable audience, and give them despatch as soon as your High Mightinesses' more weighty affairs will permit, as the people will be very anxious. God preserve your High Mightinesses in continued health and prosperous government. Your High Mightinesses' At the Manhatans Most obedient humble servant, in New Netherland, (Signed) Lubberthus van Dincklaghe, the 12"" August, 1649.

These persons are thoroughly conversant with the situation of the country. I hope your High Mightinesses will be pleased thereby and extend to them a favorable audience, and give them despatch as soon as your High Mightinesses' more weighty affairs will permit, as the people will be very anxious. God preserve your High Mightinesses in continued health and prosperous government. Your High Mightinesses' At the Manhatans Most obedient humble servant, in New Netherland, (Signed) Lubberthus van Dincklaghe, the 12"" August, 1649. Vice-Director of New Netherland. Received IS"" October, 1649. (Addressed) To the High and Mighty Lords, States General of the United Netherlands, &c., in The Hague.

Resolution of the States General on the preceding Papers.

[ From the Register of West India Affairs, 1633--1651, in the Royal Archives at the Hague. ]

Wednesday, 13"" October, 1649. Folio 498. Received a letter from the Commonalty, in New Netherland, written in New New Netherland. Amsterdam, on the Island of Manhatans, the 26"" July last, setting forth, in substance, that they had concluded to depute hither, of their number, Adriaen van der Donck, Jacob van Couwenhoven and Jan Everts Bout, for the purpose of representing to their High Lnbberias van Mightinesses the state and condition of affairs. Received, also, a letter from Dinckiage. Lubbcrtus Van Dincklage, Vice-Director in New Netherland, written at the Manhatans the IS"- August, ultimo. Likewise, read a petition of the aforesaid three deputed persons, wherein they pray their High Mightinesses to be pleased to appoint some gentlemen from their midst in order that they may furnish some further information respecting the condition and state of the aforesaid affairs in the abovenamed New Netherland. Whereupon deliberation being had, it is resolved and concluded, that the aforesaid letter and petition be

Lubbcrtus Van Dincklage, Vice-Director in New Netherland, written at the Manhatans the IS"- August, ultimo. Likewise, read a petition of the aforesaid three deputed persons, wherein they pray their High Mightinesses to be pleased to appoint some gentlemen from their midst in order that they may furnish some further information respecting the condition and state of the aforesaid affairs in the abovenamed New Netherland. Whereupon deliberation being had, it is resolved and concluded, that the aforesaid letter and petition be

320 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. placed in the hands of Messrs. Huygens and the otiier, their High Mightinesses' Deputies for the affairs of the West India Company, for inspection, who are to examine and hear the aforesaid delegates and to make a report of the result and issue thereof.

Resolution of the States General on a Petition of the Guardians of Johannes van Renselaer.

[ From the Register of West India Affairs, 1633--1651, in the Royal Archives at the Hague. ]

Thursday, 14 October. 1649. Folio 49B. The petition of Johan van Wely and Wouter van Twiller, both guardians of TwuiI^.^Biommlen Johau Reuselaer, against Samuel Blommaert and Johannes de Laet, cum socns. and De LaeL being read in the Assembly, it is, after previous consideration, resolved and concluded, that the aforesaid petition be placed in the hands of the opposite party in order to answer thereunto as to the same may appertain.

Resolution of the States General on a Petition of Messrs. Blommaert and De Laet.

[ From the Register of West India Affairs, 1638--1651, in the Royal Archiyes at the Hague. ]

The petition of Johan van Wely and Wouter van Twiller, both guardians of TwuiI^.^Biommlen Johau Reuselaer, against Samuel Blommaert and Johannes de Laet, cum socns. and De LaeL being read in the Assembly, it is, after previous consideration, resolved and concluded, that the aforesaid petition be placed in the hands of the opposite party in order to answer thereunto as to the same may appertain.

Resolution of the States General on a Petition of Messrs. Blommaert and De Laet.

[ From the Register of West India Affairs, 1638--1651, in the Royal Archiyes at the Hague. ]

Friday, 5 November, 1649. Foi.502. rpi^g Blommaert and Johannes de Laet, cam socus, against petition of Samuel Laet, cum sociis Jan Van Wely and Wouter van Twyler, both Guardians of Jan van Renselaer aeainst Jan van J J '

Wely and Wouter van Twyler, both Guardians of Johan after previous consideration, resolved and concluded, hereby, to order and enjoin parties, on both sides, to furnish their respective papers within the term of eight days, after service hereof, to their High Mightinesses' deputies for the purpose of examining the matters aforesaid, in order, such being done, their High Mightinesses may then make further disposition in the premises.

Resolution of the States General on a Petitiori of the Guardians of Johannes van Renselaer. [From the Register of West India Affairs, 1638 -- 1651, in the Royal Archives at the Hague. ]

Saturday, 13 November, 1649. Folio 606. p^ certain further petition of thg Guardians of Johan van Renselaer, minor son va°n"Kenseia"°''*° of KiHacn Van Renselaer, regarding a certain Colonic on the North River of New certamcoiome. Ngtherland, being read in the Assembly, it is, upon consideration, resolved and

Resolution of the States General on a Petitiori of the Guardians of Johannes van Renselaer. [From the Register of West India Affairs, 1638 -- 1651, in the Royal Archives at the Hague. ]

Saturday, 13 November, 1649. Folio 606. p^ certain further petition of thg Guardians of Johan van Renselaer, minor son va°n"Kenseia"°''*° of KiHacn Van Renselaer, regarding a certain Colonic on the North River of New certamcoiome. Ngtherland, being read in the Assembly, it is, upon consideration, resolved and

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS : IV. 321 concluded that the aforesaid petition be sent to the Assembly of the Nineteen of the West India Company at Amsterdam, with request and order that they shall, pursuant to their High Mightinesses' letters of the 22 Octo'' 1648 and 26 April last, again answer whether they have any valid reasons against the request contained in the petitioners' two distinct petitions and communicated to them, and if so, to send the same hither, and give information in the premises without being any longer in default, on pain of judgment.

Director Stuyvesant to the States General.

[ From the Original in the Eoyal Archives at the Hague ; Loketka^ of the States General ; Eabric West Indiache Compagnie, No. BO 6th division :

of the Bundle. ]

Right Honorable, High and Mighty Lords.

My Lords. I duly received your High Mightinesses' letter dated 2S"' April, by Cornells Melyn, who has been, on his humble petition, graciously relieved by your High Mightinesses of the sentence pronounced against him by us and our council on the Fiscal's complaint, prosecution and proof. But the appellant to your High Mightinesses, meeting no party nor defence, the papers and documents in support of the sentence having been lost with the ship the Princess, we, therefore, thankfully acknowledge the prudence of your High Mightinesses, who have, with the one ear received the appellant in the case of appeal with inhibitory clause, and kept the other ear open for us.

I duly received your High Mightinesses' letter dated 2S"' April, by Cornells Melyn, who has been, on his humble petition, graciously relieved by your High Mightinesses of the sentence pronounced against him by us and our council on the Fiscal's complaint, prosecution and proof. But the appellant to your High Mightinesses, meeting no party nor defence, the papers and documents in support of the sentence having been lost with the ship the Princess, we, therefore, thankfully acknowledge the prudence of your High Mightinesses, who have, with the one ear received the appellant in the case of appeal with inhibitory clause, and kept the other ear open for us. We have, therefore, pursuant to your High Mightinesses' resolutions and letters, allowed the exonerated appellant to enjoy, unmolested, undisturbed and in peace, the full effect of your High Mightinesses' despatch which we shall, also, ;

consequently, continue to obey until your High Mightinesses will proceed, with your accustomed wisdom, to the confirmation or reversal of the sentence, hoping to maintain the same before your High Mightinesses by conclusive arguments. Yet we would, nevertheless, desire, and would have been glad to see that with the annulling and untimely extinction of the (opposite) party, before he could have defended himself, party strifes had remained extinguished and annihilated. But Melyn, the aforesaid appellant, finding himself sustained by writ of mandamus in addition to your High Mightinesses' letters, hath, previous to his return, and constantly since, caused us no inconsiderable uneasiness and trouble, both by giving communication of those papers, and construing their tenor much more liberally than your High Mightinesses' intention and meaning justified. For, besides running through New England among the English people (who are not very friendly to us and our Nation here on account of old boundary requisitions and claims) proclaiming and parading your High Mightinesses' aforesaid writ of mandamus and public letters, and His Serene Highness' passports, even before they were communicated to us, to the scandal of both and to our disparagement, he greatly discredited the Hon'''' Company to the English, as if it were bankrupt, and in no repute with your He reported, also, among other things, in order High Mightinesses. to render this government odious among the English (as letters of advice and the declaration of passengers state), that he was empowered by your High Mightinesses to send me a prisoner Vol.

For, besides running through New England among the English people (who are not very friendly to us and our Nation here on account of old boundary requisitions and claims) proclaiming and parading your High Mightinesses' aforesaid writ of mandamus and public letters, and His Serene Highness' passports, even before they were communicated to us, to the scandal of both and to our disparagement, he greatly discredited the Hon'''' Company to the English, as if it were bankrupt, and in no repute with your He reported, also, among other things, in order High Mightinesses. to render this government odious among the English (as letters of advice and the declaration of passengers state), that he was empowered by your High Mightinesses to send me a prisoner Vol. L 41

322 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS.

to Holland; that your High Mightinesses greatly wondered that those of New England did

not dra" me to, and hang me on, the highest tree for having caused the yacht St. Beninjo to be cut out of their waters, and that we had applied to your High Mightinesses for seven to ei"-ht hundred soldiers in order to make war on the people of New England. The tendency of these and similar reports, with the exhibition of the writs of mandamus dragged through the mud amongst a people who, on the score of possession, are indifferently disposed towards us, we respectfully recommend to your High Mightinesses' prudence and wise consideration, assured that the falsehood of the exonerated individual, in all this matter, will be fully exposed. Should he, contrary to public report and advisory letters, deny this to your High Miglitinesses, his previous words and deeds in Mr. Kiefl's time -- the mutinous and insulting service of the

The tendency of these and similar reports, with the exhibition of the writs of mandamus dragged through the mud amongst a people who, on the score of possession, are indifferently disposed towards us, we respectfully recommend to your High Mightinesses' prudence and wise consideration, assured that the falsehood of the exonerated individual, in all this matter, will be fully exposed. Should he, contrary to public report and advisory letters, deny this to your High Miglitinesses, his previous words and deeds in Mr. Kiefl's time -- the mutinous and insulting service of the

mandamus on us publicly in the church on the b"" of March, in presence of the entire population of the Manhatans and adjacent villages, then assembled on the public affairs of the country, who, therefore, adjourned, leaving the business untransacted, to the great disparagement of authority and of our commission, and so shaped that massacre and bloodshed might have been the result, had we not converted ourselves from the highest to the lowest, and permitted the indecent service of the summons -- Nay, ere we could draw up an answer, he handed in his unfounded demand, in writing, on the 20"' of the same month, and renewed it on the 25"" of June -- his illegal practice of collecting frivolous and secret certificates -- his

reports, authenticated in our presence and that of the Council, that the Hon''''^ Company was bankrupt -- that your High Mightinesses had spoken very contemptuously of the Board of Directors, as being unworthy or unfit to govern your High Mightinesses' possessions that -- the supreme and secret Council of Brazil were imprisoned and had sent little bags with thousands of pistoles to this one and that of your High Mightinesses-- these and similar disparaging, insulting acts and expressions, seen and heard by myself and many others, give a semblance of truth to the public reports and advices from New England.

reports, authenticated in our presence and that of the Council, that the Hon''''^ Company was bankrupt -- that your High Mightinesses had spoken very contemptuously of the Board of Directors, as being unworthy or unfit to govern your High Mightinesses' possessions that -- the supreme and secret Council of Brazil were imprisoned and had sent little bags with thousands of pistoles to this one and that of your High Mightinesses-- these and similar disparaging, insulting acts and expressions, seen and heard by myself and many others, give a semblance of truth to the public reports and advices from New England. In order to avoid wearying your High Mightinesses' patience by an unreasonably long letter, we shall not enlarge any further upon this point, the more especially as it hath little or no reference to the subject matter and reported sentence. It is not brought forward with that design, but merely in order to exhibit to your High Mightinesses the aforesaid person's disposition, and how mischievous [he is] in so rude a province. Right Honorable, High and Mighty Lords. In all humble reverence, it had been more advantageous and honorable for me never to have been favored with your High Mightinesses' Commission, or never to have sworn before your High Mightinesses to administer both criminal and civil law and justice, than pending your High Mightinesses' Commission and our recorded oath, to be, on a simple petition, so disparaged by neighbors and subjects, and so disavowed to the degradation of justice, of authority, and of our granted Commission, even before parties had argued, much less concluded the case before your High Mightinesses. We submit ourselves in humble obedience to your High Mightinesses' righteous judgment and strict justice, in all

In all humble reverence, it had been more advantageous and honorable for me never to have been favored with your High Mightinesses' Commission, or never to have sworn before your High Mightinesses to administer both criminal and civil law and justice, than pending your High Mightinesses' Commission and our recorded oath, to be, on a simple petition, so disparaged by neighbors and subjects, and so disavowed to the degradation of justice, of authority, and of our granted Commission, even before parties had argued, much less concluded the case before your High Mightinesses. We submit ourselves in humble obedience to your High Mightinesses' righteous judgment and strict justice, in all

case we can be convinced with reason and truth, that we have committed or done anything contrary to the common weal, either of beloved and worthy Fatherland, or of this Province^ or its inhabitants, or to the prejudice and disrepute of your High Mightinesses' sovereign authority. We bow before God's Omniscience and your High Mightinesses' judgment in case it be shown and proved, that we, in or regarding the pronounced sentence, were impregnated

with any sinister motive, passion or favor. Whoso acquits the wicked and condemns the righteous man, is equally an abomination to the Lord. We have reconsidered the proofs, and

--

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS : IV. 323 as far as our knowledge permits, have given our opinion thereupon conformably to Divine and human laws; if we have erred in the application or explication of them, we submit ourselves to your High Mightinesses' wiser judgment, and to Justinian's memorable saying Omnia sapo'e et in nulla 'penilus itcccare lAus dtitalis quam humanitatis est. Passing by the falsehoods introduced from the appellant's complaints into the writ of Mandamus, we remark that we are thereby summoned to appear before your High Mightinesses either in person or by Attorney, at the proper day, or to revoke the sentence.

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS : IV. 323 as far as our knowledge permits, have given our opinion thereupon conformably to Divine and human laws; if we have erred in the application or explication of them, we submit ourselves to your High Mightinesses' wiser judgment, and to Justinian's memorable saying Omnia sapo'e et in nulla 'penilus itcccare lAus dtitalis quam humanitatis est. Passing by the falsehoods introduced from the appellant's complaints into the writ of Mandamus, we remark that we are thereby summoned to appear before your High Mightinesses either in person or by Attorney, at the proper day, or to revoke the sentence. The last we cannot do consistently with honor and oath, and the right of the successful party. In the first, we should willingly obey your High Mightinesses' intention and meaning, had it pleased your High Mightinesses and the Hon''''= Directors to discharge and release me from the oath whereby I have bound myself at your hands to this service and government. Although no messenger is better than the person himself, it is necessary, for reasons aforesaid, and in consequence of the troubles and dissentions which have arisen and been fomented here from time to time, since the arrival of the aforesaid person, to send an attorney, and thereunto to request and empower our Secretary, Cornelis Van Tienhoven, with procuration and authority to substitute such advocate, or attorney and lawyer, as he shall deem expedient for the better dispatch of business. We shall only request and pray your High Mightinesses, with all respect, to grant credit and a hearing to the aforesaid, our agent, or whomsoever he shall substitute and among ;

Although no messenger is better than the person himself, it is necessary, for reasons aforesaid, and in consequence of the troubles and dissentions which have arisen and been fomented here from time to time, since the arrival of the aforesaid person, to send an attorney, and thereunto to request and empower our Secretary, Cornelis Van Tienhoven, with procuration and authority to substitute such advocate, or attorney and lawyer, as he shall deem expedient for the better dispatch of business. We shall only request and pray your High Mightinesses, with all respect, to grant credit and a hearing to the aforesaid, our agent, or whomsoever he shall substitute and among ;

other weighty and important business to be pleased to esteem, as recommended our granted commission and authority, and to protect these so far as righteousness permits. For, through the disparaging and false reports of the relieved appellant, and the insulting service of the Mandamus, the authority and respect of your High Mightinesses' Commission and our quality, have been so degraded, impaired and trodden under foot, that to our shame, the administration of justice and the performance of our duty, have thereby suffered shipwreck. This cannot be repaired save by your High Mightinesses' just support. We call God to witness our sincerity, that we have never, knowingly or willfully, intended injury or wrong to any man; but a peaceable and God-acceptable government to be vindicated before your High Mightinesses. In the meanwhile we apprehend, that this indecent service of summons will have the effect of withdrawing your High Mightinesses' attention from more important affairs, and of calling forth many complaints, solicitations and appeals, now and henceforth from this and other distant places even to the degree that it will not be possible to pronounce a definitive ;

We call God to witness our sincerity, that we have never, knowingly or willfully, intended injury or wrong to any man; but a peaceable and God-acceptable government to be vindicated before your High Mightinesses. In the meanwhile we apprehend, that this indecent service of summons will have the effect of withdrawing your High Mightinesses' attention from more important affairs, and of calling forth many complaints, solicitations and appeals, now and henceforth from this and other distant places even to the degree that it will not be possible to pronounce a definitive ;

judgment here, from which the losing party, either through hatred of the judge, in order to insult him, or through the persuasion of others and to create delay, will not claim and demand an appeal. Your High Mightinesses will please excuse one word -- It is, as far as I know, a

case without example, that an inferior judge, deciding the law according to the best of his knowledge in private cases, whether of debt or damage, should be sued or called on for restitution of money, instead of the gaining party. But, in order not to interrupt too much your High Mightinesses' important deliberations on higher and weightier matters, we will not enlarge farther in this affair, but leave the result commended to God and your far-seeing judgment; only observing to your High Mightinesses before concluding, that the sentence pronounced against the appellant Melyn, was, as appears by its tenor, not directed so much against the remonstrance on the subject of the war and public affairs, as against particular insulting libels on, and opposition to his lawful Superior. Duty should oblige us to annex hereunto the situation and condition of public affairs here, and the necessity of promoting the bour:dary line, population, the establishment of firm

But, in order not to interrupt too much your High Mightinesses' important deliberations on higher and weightier matters, we will not enlarge farther in this affair, but leave the result commended to God and your far-seeing judgment; only observing to your High Mightinesses before concluding, that the sentence pronounced against the appellant Melyn, was, as appears by its tenor, not directed so much against the remonstrance on the subject of the war and public affairs, as against particular insulting libels on, and opposition to his lawful Superior. Duty should oblige us to annex hereunto the situation and condition of public affairs here, and the necessity of promoting the bour:dary line, population, the establishment of firm

324 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS.

privileges and the sending hither of a reinforcement of soldiers for the maintenance of possession and authority against the perversity of the Natives. This, with all respect, we

refer to the verbal information and reports of the bearer hereof, our Secretary. For which purpose we have also furnished him, by way of reminder, with copy of our previously drafted opinions, and with an abstract hereof. Wherewith ending, we commend your High Mightinesses and the rest of your subjects to the merciful protection of the Most High. We pray the Triune God for your long and prosperous government, and are and remain, meanwhile, Your High Mightinesses' Manhattans the Humble and Obedient Servant, 10"" of August, 1649. Signed, P. Stuyvesant.

Received 26"' Novemb', 1649.

Resolution of the States General on the preceding Letter.

For which purpose we have also furnished him, by way of reminder, with copy of our previously drafted opinions, and with an abstract hereof. Wherewith ending, we commend your High Mightinesses and the rest of your subjects to the merciful protection of the Most High. We pray the Triune God for your long and prosperous government, and are and remain, meanwhile, Your High Mightinesses' Manhattans the Humble and Obedient Servant, 10"" of August, 1649. Signed, P. Stuyvesant.

Received 26"' Novemb', 1649.

Resolution of the States General on the preceding Letter.

[From the Register of West India Affairs, 1633--1651, in the Eoyal Arohives-at the Hague. ]

Friday, 26th November, 1649. Folio 510. Received a letter from Commander Stuyvesant, in New Netherland, written at vesTt!'"''" ®'"y- Manhatans the 10"= of August last, respecting the case entered and instituted comelis Meiyn. li^re before their High Mightinesses by Cornelis Melyn against the abovenamed Commander. Whereupon deliberation being had, it is resolved and concluded that the aforesaid letter be placed in the hands of Messrs. Huygeas and other their High Mightinesses' previously appointed deputies for the affairs of the West India Company, for inspection and examination, and to report thereon.

Resohttion of the States General on a Petition of Secretary van Tienhoven.

[From the Register of West India Affairs, 1633 -- 1651, in the Royal Archires at the Hague.]

Thursday, 2d December, 1649. Folio 511. On petition presented to their High Mightinesses in the name and on the Cornells ran Tien- behalf of Comells vau Tieuboven, Secretary of New Netherland, as attorney of NewNeireMand.the Dlrector and Council over that country, it is, after previous deliberation, hereby resolved and concluded to declare that the petitioner shall have to proceed in the matter in appeal according to the mode usually followed therein.

[From the Register of West India Affairs, 1633 -- 1651, in the Royal Archires at the Hague.]

Thursday, 2d December, 1649. Folio 511. On petition presented to their High Mightinesses in the name and on the Cornells ran Tien- behalf of Comells vau Tieuboven, Secretary of New Netherland, as attorney of NewNeireMand.the Dlrector and Council over that country, it is, after previous deliberation, hereby resolved and concluded to declare that the petitioner shall have to proceed in the matter in appeal according to the mode usually followed therein.

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS: IV. 825

Resolution of the States General on a Petition of the Guardians of Johannes van Rensselaer.

[From the Eegiater of West India Affairs, 1688--1651, in the Eojal Archives at the Hague. ]

Monday, 13th December, 1G49. Poliosis. Read in the Assembly a certain other petition of the guardians of Johan van Eenseiaer. Rensclaer, niinor son of Kiliaen van Renselaer, again praying their High Mightinesses to be pleased to dispose of their, the petitioners', previous petition respecting the solicited investiture of the Colonic Renselaer's Wyck, in New Netherland, and the violence which Director Stuyvesant is committing against them. Whereupon deliberation being had, it is resolved and concluded, to place the aforesaid petition in the hands of Messrs. Huygens and the other, their High Mightinesses' deputies for the affairs of the West India Company, for inspection, examination and conference with the Directors of said West India Company, at present here, and to report on the whole subject.

Answer of Secretary van Tienlioven to Cornelis MelyrHs Complaint.

Rensclaer, niinor son of Kiliaen van Renselaer, again praying their High Mightinesses to be pleased to dispose of their, the petitioners', previous petition respecting the solicited investiture of the Colonic Renselaer's Wyck, in New Netherland, and the violence which Director Stuyvesant is committing against them. Whereupon deliberation being had, it is resolved and concluded, to place the aforesaid petition in the hands of Messrs. Huygens and the other, their High Mightinesses' deputies for the affairs of the West India Company, for inspection, examination and conference with the Directors of said West India Company, at present here, and to report on the whole subject.

Answer of Secretary van Tienlioven to Cornelis MelyrHs Complaint.

[From the Original in the Eoyal Archieves at the Hague ; LockeOcaa of the States General ; Division West Indiiche, Compagnie No. 2S.]

[l. S.] To the High and Mighty Lords States General of the United Netherlands:

Cornelis van Tienhoven, specially empowered by the Director and Council of New Netherland to maintain before your High Mightinesses, in their name, a certain penal judgment pronounced, on the 17th July, 1647, by the aforesaid Director and his Council against the said Cornelis Melyn, having had communication of a certain petition and its annexed documents

referred by your High Mightinesses' order to him, Tienhoven, to answer thereunto in which ;

petition the aforesaid Melyn, after a very impertinent and particularly false narrative, simply requests of your High Mightinesses in substance, inasmuch as your High Mightinesses have been pleased to admit him in appeal from the judgment aforesaid and as the said Cornelis van Tienhoven had come over to this country and was residing at the Hague for the purpose of defending the same on behalf of the abovementioned Director and Council, that your High Mightinesses would be pleased to assign the said Tienhoven time and place for him to make his appearance and to take cognizance of such demand and conclusion as he, Melyn, should present and take against the aforesaid van Tienhoven, in his aforesaid quality.

petition the aforesaid Melyn, after a very impertinent and particularly false narrative, simply requests of your High Mightinesses in substance, inasmuch as your High Mightinesses have been pleased to admit him in appeal from the judgment aforesaid and as the said Cornelis van Tienhoven had come over to this country and was residing at the Hague for the purpose of defending the same on behalf of the abovementioned Director and Council, that your High Mightinesses would be pleased to assign the said Tienhoven time and place for him to make his appearance and to take cognizance of such demand and conclusion as he, Melyn, should present and take against the aforesaid van Tienhoven, in his aforesaid quality. In order to answer the said petition, the aforesaid Tienhoven says, not only that he does not assent to the said presented petition, but also even that a request has been already presented by him to your High Mightinesses to the same effect, which is therefore again hereby voluntarily renewed, that an early precise day may be appointed by your High Mightinesses on which the aforesaid Cornelis Melyn, the Appellant in the aforesaid case, shall Le ordered to institute his action without delay in order that the Respondent may except to, or answer the same, to be

--

326 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS.

further respectively replied and rejoined to, according as the merits of the case shall be found to demand; or in default thereof, that parties shall on the day aforesaid, be mutually at liberty to demand such advantage as, according to custom and rule, the party in attendance usually obtains against the party in default. And that the proceedings herein may be in the ordinary style usually followed in cases in appeal, agreeably to your High Mightinesses' resolution, dated the 2d December 1649.

further respectively replied and rejoined to, according as the merits of the case shall be found to demand; or in default thereof, that parties shall on the day aforesaid, be mutually at liberty to demand such advantage as, according to custom and rule, the party in attendance usually obtains against the party in default. And that the proceedings herein may be in the ordinary style usually followed in cases in appeal, agreeably to your High Mightinesses' resolution, dated the 2d December 1649. Which doing, etc.

Endorsed :

Cornells van Tienhoven's rescript.

Resolution of the States General on the above.

[From the Kegister of West India Affairs, 1633--1651, in the Eoyal Archieyes at the Hagne.]

Monday, 13 December 1649. Folio 5U. Read in the Assembly a certain petition of Cornelis van Thienhoven, Secretary Cornells van Th of the Director and Council of New Netherland setting forth in substance that he New Netherland. Director, pursuant to the tenor hath come hither by order of the abovenamed of the writ of mandamus in case of appeal, granted to Cornelis Melyn by their High Mightinesses on the 2Sth April 1G48, praying to be informed how and in what manner the proceedings therein will be commenced and completed. Whereupon deliberation being had, it is resolved and concluded that the aforesaid petition shall be referred to Messrs. Huygens and other their High Mightinesses' deputies for the affairs of the West India Company for inspection, consideration and examination of the rciro acta, and to confer thereupon with the Directors of the West India Company here, and to report on the whole subject to their High Mightinesses.

Director, pursuant to the tenor hath come hither by order of the abovenamed of the writ of mandamus in case of appeal, granted to Cornelis Melyn by their High Mightinesses on the 2Sth April 1G48, praying to be informed how and in what manner the proceedings therein will be commenced and completed. Whereupon deliberation being had, it is resolved and concluded that the aforesaid petition shall be referred to Messrs. Huygens and other their High Mightinesses' deputies for the affairs of the West India Company for inspection, consideration and examination of the rciro acta, and to confer thereupon with the Directors of the West India Company here, and to report on the whole subject to their High Mightinesses.

Petition of Joost Teunissen.

[ From the Original in the Koyal ArchlTes at the Hague ; file 'West Indie. ]

To the High and Mighty Lords, the Lords States General of the United Netherlands. High and Mighty Lords. Joost Teunissen, baker, burgher and inhabitant of New Netherland, most respectfully represents that he, the petitioner, was on the 22"'' May, Anno 1648, nine days before Whitsuntide, cast into prison by order of Director Stuyvesant, without the presence or attendance of the Fiscal and without the knowledge even of the Council, and that he, the petitioner, was accused with having sent to Fort Orange, powder, lead and guns, which articles were afterwards effectually sold to the Indians. Whereupon the Director threatened to cause

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS: IV. 327 him, the petitioner, to be subjected to torture, to which intent he had his, the petitioner's house, twice searched by the entire Council, himself also overhauling all the barrels, bales, cases, corners, stores, etc., the petitioner remaining meanwhile, for the space of thirteen long days, in the aforesaid close con6nement at the gate, and in the place where felons deserving death are usually imprisoned, without any one, even his own wife, being admitted to him, or communication with him ; and when, after minute search, nothing was to have any, the least discovered whereupon the Fiscal could institute proceedings against the petitioner, and detain him on suspicion, he is finally released, on the iterated request of good friends, on condition of giving Isaacq Foreest and Sibout Claessen as bail, to answer whatever the Fiscal might from time to time deem proper to institute against the petitioner and after the petitioner was kept ;

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS: IV. 327 him, the petitioner, to be subjected to torture, to which intent he had his, the petitioner's house, twice searched by the entire Council, himself also overhauling all the barrels, bales, cases, corners, stores, etc., the petitioner remaining meanwhile, for the space of thirteen long days, in the aforesaid close con6nement at the gate, and in the place where felons deserving death are usually imprisoned, without any one, even his own wife, being admitted to him, or communication with him ; and when, after minute search, nothing was to have any, the least discovered whereupon the Fiscal could institute proceedings against the petitioner, and detain him on suspicion, he is finally released, on the iterated request of good friends, on condition of giving Isaacq Foreest and Sibout Claessen as bail, to answer whatever the Fiscal might from time to time deem proper to institute against the petitioner and after the petitioner was kept ;

for the space of more than a year and a day in reatu., nothing meanwhile being produced against the petitioner, and the securities demanded to be discharged, he, the petitioner, was obliged to apply to the Nine Men, requesting them to intercede for him, that his case may be taken up or his bail discharged, which they did. But Stuyvesant would not condescend to answer the written petition of the Nine Men. The petitioner consequently, presented a petition in his own name, which he would not once notice, wherefore the petitioner presented another request, copy whereof is hereunto annexed. To this it was answered on the margin that it must be communicated to the Fiscal, which having been done, the Fiscal replied that he must have 5 to 6 months time for the purpose, as he knew nothing of the matter; this happened when the petitioner was on the point of leaving, for which he having asked permission, the Director refused to grant it, but the skipper connived at it, and consented to

The petitioner consequently, presented a petition in his own name, which he would not once notice, wherefore the petitioner presented another request, copy whereof is hereunto annexed. To this it was answered on the margin that it must be communicated to the Fiscal, which having been done, the Fiscal replied that he must have 5 to 6 months time for the purpose, as he knew nothing of the matter; this happened when the petitioner was on the point of leaving, for which he having asked permission, the Director refused to grant it, but the skipper connived at it, and consented to

bring him along. It can be easily surmised, that the petitioner was obliged to depart for Patria, as he could not peaceably carry on his trade there, nor travel hither and thither through the country to purchase his wheat and grain, which his business required for bread for the use of the burghers, for, on twice applying to the Director for a pass, he was each time threatened by him with a caning, so that the petitioner, without effecting either the prosecution of his case, or the discharge of his bail, notwithstanding Sibout Claessen accompanied him, has been obliged to repair to Fatherland, and to cast himself in most humble obedience, into your High Mightinesses' righteous and compassionate arms, respectfully praying that you would be graciously pleased to make such provision that the Director, who is too powerful for your petitioner, may be estopped from giving him, the said petitioner, your High Mightinesses' subject, any further unjustifiable trouble; but that he maybe obliged to indemnify him, the petitioner, for the losses and damages he, the petitioner, hath suffered by his unlawful proceedings, and further allow him, the petitioner, to earn his living honestly and honorably for himself and family, both by his daily labor and trade, and to^ transact, unwatched, the

It can be easily surmised, that the petitioner was obliged to depart for Patria, as he could not peaceably carry on his trade there, nor travel hither and thither through the country to purchase his wheat and grain, which his business required for bread for the use of the burghers, for, on twice applying to the Director for a pass, he was each time threatened by him with a caning, so that the petitioner, without effecting either the prosecution of his case, or the discharge of his bail, notwithstanding Sibout Claessen accompanied him, has been obliged to repair to Fatherland, and to cast himself in most humble obedience, into your High Mightinesses' righteous and compassionate arms, respectfully praying that you would be graciously pleased to make such provision that the Director, who is too powerful for your petitioner, may be estopped from giving him, the said petitioner, your High Mightinesses' subject, any further unjustifiable trouble; but that he maybe obliged to indemnify him, the petitioner, for the losses and damages he, the petitioner, hath suffered by his unlawful proceedings, and further allow him, the petitioner, to earn his living honestly and honorably for himself and family, both by his daily labor and trade, and to^ transact, unwatched, the

business necessary thereunto. Wherefore the petitioner will respectfully await your High Mightinesses' favorable answer. Which doing, etc.. Signed Joost Teuniss. Baker. Read IS"- December, 1649.

NEW-YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS.

Appendix to the preadiiig Petition.

To the Hon"'' Petrus Stuyvesant, Director of New Netherland, Curagao and dependencies thereof, and to the gentlemen of the Council.

business necessary thereunto. Wherefore the petitioner will respectfully await your High Mightinesses' favorable answer. Which doing, etc.. Signed Joost Teuniss. Baker. Read IS"- December, 1649.

NEW-YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS.

Appendix to the preadiiig Petition.

To the Hon"'' Petrus Stuyvesant, Director of New Netherland, Curagao and dependencies thereof, and to the gentlemen of the Council.

Joost Teunissen, baker, represents with all due respect to your honors, and humbly prays the Hon"'' General and Council to be pleased to discharge him from the suit formerly instituted against him, and herein to release the bail, which falls very onerous on him or in case the ;

Fiscal is still inclined to maintain his pretension, the petitioner had wished, nay hoped, the case might have been long ago disposed of, and meanwhile, as prayed for in the last petition, he again requests that his case may be terminated and the bail discharged, so that he, the petitioner, may pursue his voyage to Patria unhindered, for which he humbly solicits your Honors' permission to depart in person in the Valckeiiier, as he otherwise, by being prevented, would suffer great loss. Awaiting hereunto a favorable answer, Remains your Honors' humble and obedient.

In the margin was: -- Copy of the answer given to Joost Teuniss, baker, on 26 July, 1649.

These are to be communicated to the Fiscal, in order to prosecute the case. Ady 26"> July, 1649. New Amsterdam in N. Netherland. Lower stood: By order of the Hon*"' General and Council of New Netherland: Underneath was: Cornells van Tienhoven, Secret: Still lower was: -- Agrees with the original, which I

Awaiting hereunto a favorable answer, Remains your Honors' humble and obedient.

In the margin was: -- Copy of the answer given to Joost Teuniss, baker, on 26 July, 1649.

These are to be communicated to the Fiscal, in order to prosecute the case. Ady 26"> July, 1649. New Amsterdam in N. Netherland. Lower stood: By order of the Hon*"' General and Council of New Netherland: Underneath was: Cornells van Tienhoven, Secret: Still lower was: -- Agrees with the original, which I

certify. Signed A. Keyser.

(Endorsed) Petition of Joost Teuniss, baker, burger in New Netherland, to their High Mightinesses, the Lords States General of the United Netherlands. 13 Decemb' 1649.

Petition of Sibout Claessen to the States General.

[ From the Original in the Eoyal Archives at the Hague ; File, Weet Indie. ]

To the High and Mightj Lords, the Lords States General of the United Netherlands.

High and Mighty Lords. Sibout Claessen, house carpenter, burgher, and inhabitant of New Netherland, most respectfully represents, that he, having married Susanna Janss, at the time widow of Aert Teunissen, her previous husband, who had entered into a contract with Director Kieft to lease a certain bouwerie named Hoboquin, situate in Pavonia on the west side of the North river, for the term of ten years commencing 1^' January, 1641, whereupon Aert Teunissen fenced the lands, cleared the fields, and erected a suitable brew-house, which is yet standing there, and brought thither eight and twenty head of large cattle, besides various small stock, swine,

Sibout Claessen, house carpenter, burgher, and inhabitant of New Netherland, most respectfully represents, that he, having married Susanna Janss, at the time widow of Aert Teunissen, her previous husband, who had entered into a contract with Director Kieft to lease a certain bouwerie named Hoboquin, situate in Pavonia on the west side of the North river, for the term of ten years commencing 1^' January, 1641, whereupon Aert Teunissen fenced the lands, cleared the fields, and erected a suitable brew-house, which is yet standing there, and brought thither eight and twenty head of large cattle, besides various small stock, swine,

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS: V. 337 69. Stuyvesant insists on the payment of tiie debts contracted by individuals during the war, or that Company be paid interest ; many being impoverished, little or no choice is thus left them-- p. 313. 60. On the other hand, payment is refused of the lawful debts which the Company owes individuals, such as earned monthly wages, goods delivered, &c -- p. 313. 61. With a view to win those back whom he hath offended in the highest degree, Stuyvesant hath exempted the English, for a long time past, from the duty which the Dutch were obliged to pay; his caprice may be hence inferred. Great injury was thus inflicted on the trade of our nation and of our merchants.

OF THE MILITARY.

62. The Directors, in Amsterdam, have given orders to Stuyvesant to sell articles of contraband, such as guns, powder and lead, to the Indians -- pp. 311, 312. 63. The fort is dismantled and allowed to go to ruin ; and a military force hath never been maintained there competent for the defence and protection of the inhabitants, but sufficient for their ruin and destruction -- p. 303. 64. Kieft falsely laid at the door of the people the blame of the war which had been enkindled by him and his adherents, especially by Secretary Cornells van Tienhoven by means of his false reports -- p. 304.

The fort is dismantled and allowed to go to ruin ; and a military force hath never been maintained there competent for the defence and protection of the inhabitants, but sufficient for their ruin and destruction -- p. 303. 64. Kieft falsely laid at the door of the people the blame of the war which had been enkindled by him and his adherents, especially by Secretary Cornells van Tienhoven by means of his false reports -- p. 304.

65. The war was caused solely by the exaction from and refusal by the Indians of contributions which they did not owe; the injudicious expeditions and violence against them, and the cruel slaughter which first manifested itself in a mysterious toast pp. 304, 305. -- 66. Jacob Ryntges and Jacob Schermerhorn were banished, and their goods confiscated, for smuggling: the ban is removed, but the restitution of the property is impossible p. 312. -- 67. The Directors, in Holland, have not endeavored, nor used any means, nor given any orders, to discover the cause of, or to forbid the war, which creates strong suspicion that they themselves authorized it -- p. 314. 68. The St. Beninio, a ship belonging to Benjor, an Italian at Amsterdam, was forcibly cut out of New Haven, where it lay under the protection of the English, and brought as a prize to, and confiscated at the Manhattans. In addition to these, there are divers other excesses too numerous to particularize.

Vol I.

338 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS.

The Directors, in Holland, have not endeavored, nor used any means, nor given any orders, to discover the cause of, or to forbid the war, which creates strong suspicion that they themselves authorized it -- p. 314. 68. The St. Beninio, a ship belonging to Benjor, an Italian at Amsterdam, was forcibly cut out of New Haven, where it lay under the protection of the English, and brought as a prize to, and confiscated at the Manhattans. In addition to these, there are divers other excesses too numerous to particularize.

Vol I.

338 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS.

Answer of the West India Company to the Remonstrance from JVeio Netherland. From the Original in Che Royal Archives at the Hague ; Loketkaa of the States General ; Rubric West IndUche Compagnie No. 30 ; 7lh division t

of the Bundle.]

Answer to the Remonstrance delivered by the Delegates from New Netherland, on the 27"" January, 1650, to the High and Mighty Lords States General of the United Netherlands.

It appeareth strange to the Directors (of the \V. I. Company,) that the Remonstrants

commence their introduction with calumnies against the Board, their Patroons, complaining of excesses and highly injurious neglect, which, if any existed, ought to have been represented in season to the said Patroons, by them in virtue of their commission dated 27 July, 1649, communicated for the first time, on the 9'" of December last, full eight or nine weeks subsequent to their arrival and that they addressed themselves to the Lords of the Supreme government ;

commence their introduction with calumnies against the Board, their Patroons, complaining of excesses and highly injurious neglect, which, if any existed, ought to have been represented in season to the said Patroons, by them in virtue of their commission dated 27 July, 1649, communicated for the first time, on the 9'" of December last, full eight or nine weeks subsequent to their arrival and that they addressed themselves to the Lords of the Supreme government ;

without having ever spoken or made any application on the subject of their commission, to the Directors, notwithstanding the latter were requested by their general letters to lend them assistance. And though under correction, the Directors are of opinion that, by virtue of the Charter granted by your High Mightinesses to the Company, the said Delegates, as they style themselves, were in duty bound to address themselves to the Directors at the Chamber at Amsterdam, and in case of receiving no satisfaction there, to the Assembly of the XIX., where your High Mightinesses preside by your Hon''''' Deputies. Being, with this reservation, disposed to respond to your High Mightinesses' invitation, we say:

To the first Article. If the petitioners know of any Directors here, who have preferred their own private interests to the general advantage of the Company, contrary to their oath and honor, they ought to state it, or be bound yet to do so. Failing therein it is answered, that the petitioners do in no wise refer to the Company's government, inasmuch as they speak of matters which transpired before the major part of them were in the country.

If the petitioners know of any Directors here, who have preferred their own private interests to the general advantage of the Company, contrary to their oath and honor, they ought to state it, or be bound yet to do so. Failing therein it is answered, that the petitioners do in no wise refer to the Company's government, inasmuch as they speak of matters which transpired before the major part of them were in the country.

To the 2nd. The Directors ignore this ; saying, if lands have been refused for purposes of cultivation, the petitioners ought to indicate who those were that did so, if they know them.

3.

The Exemptions have never been altered without the knowledge of your High Mightinesses and that of the XIX., and let it be shown who aimed therein at their private advantage.

4.

The Directors are not aware that contributions have been levied off the Indians, much less that orders to that effect have been issued by them or any other person.

The letter was communicated to the Director with good intentions, in order that he might see, and purge himself of, the accusation ; without any orders to molest the signers of the letter for what they had done.

;

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS : V. 339 6.

The Directors do not select any agents but such as they consider qualified, and are approved by their High Mightinesses and by them provided with regular Commission and Instruction. And as regards the case of Jochim Pitersen and Cornelis Melyn, vfho have been punished for reasons more fully set forth in their sentence, the Board finds it particularly strange that these people dare complain that (to use their own language) evil doers and their gross misdeeds go unpunished, when on the other hand, 'tis notorious that up to the present time, no application has been made to the Directors.

The Directors do not select any agents but such as they consider qualified, and are approved by their High Mightinesses and by them provided with regular Commission and Instruction. And as regards the case of Jochim Pitersen and Cornelis Melyn, vfho have been punished for reasons more fully set forth in their sentence, the Board finds it particularly strange that these people dare complain that (to use their own language) evil doers and their gross misdeeds go unpunished, when on the other hand, 'tis notorious that up to the present time, no application has been made to the Directors. As regards the complaints about the petitions, we cannot form any other opinion but that the Governor found sufficient reasons to lay them aside, and hath left them unanswered. Such placards were never communicated to the Board of Directors.

7.

The Board has no knowledge of what the Directors (in N. N.) say; but this is true that the latter represent the Supreme government and the Company, administering justice conformably

to Commission and Instruction, in the name of their High Mightinesses, his Highness and of the Company.

8.

We cannot understand what the petitioners would express by the S"" Article. 9.

We never heard before that the Director spoke harshly to those who treated him respectfully but are now informed that a certain person, who was unwilling to allow his goods to be inspected, behaved with great opposition towards the Director. Wherefore it may be that the latter expressed himself as the occasion required, but we know nothing of the matter.

to Commission and Instruction, in the name of their High Mightinesses, his Highness and of the Company.

8.

We cannot understand what the petitioners would express by the S"" Article. 9.

We never heard before that the Director spoke harshly to those who treated him respectfully but are now informed that a certain person, who was unwilling to allow his goods to be inspected, behaved with great opposition towards the Director. Wherefore it may be that the latter expressed himself as the occasion required, but we know nothing of the matter.

10.

The sentence can explain the grounds of Jochim Pitersen and Cornelis Melyn's punishment.

11.

We say the Director was favorably inclined to promote the interests of the Commonalty, on condition that he were communicated with. But these men separated themselves from the well-disposed and secretly induced a few low inhabitants to sign their names, who, also, have contributed each a few pennies to the delegation, as more fully can appear by the particular signatures, or procuration affixed to the Remonstrance ; hence, 'tis probable that these persons abuse the name of the Commonalty, as the Remonstrance is signed by the minority, the mass of the people not approving of those proceedings, but evincing every satisfaction with the present government, according to the Remonstrance No. 3, signed by 20 persons residing at the Manhatans. 12.

The Church was erected, for satisfactory reasons, in the fort.

It cost much more than 8000 guilders whereof it cannot be proved that the people paid eight hundred; the collection taken up by subscription, hath realized the least.

But these men separated themselves from the well-disposed and secretly induced a few low inhabitants to sign their names, who, also, have contributed each a few pennies to the delegation, as more fully can appear by the particular signatures, or procuration affixed to the Remonstrance ; hence, 'tis probable that these persons abuse the name of the Commonalty, as the Remonstrance is signed by the minority, the mass of the people not approving of those proceedings, but evincing every satisfaction with the present government, according to the Remonstrance No. 3, signed by 20 persons residing at the Manhatans. 12.

The Church was erected, for satisfactory reasons, in the fort.

It cost much more than 8000 guilders whereof it cannot be proved that the people paid eight hundred; the collection taken up by subscription, hath realized the least.

;

340 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS.

We request that they declare what they understand by ecclesiastical 4)roperty.

The Director hath not the administration of the money that was taken up on the plate but Jacob Couwenhoven, who is one of the petitioners, hath kept account of it in his quality of churchwarden. IG.

'Tis acknowledged that the Company is indebted to the Deaconry, nine or ten hnndred guilders, according to the tenor of the obligation thereof drawn up in New Netherland A" 1649. The first interest thereupon will fall due A" 1650. 17.

The Company's circumstances admitted of the building neither of an hospital nor orphan asylum, which are not very necessary there as yet.

The Director hath not the administration of the money that was taken up on the plate but Jacob Couwenhoven, who is one of the petitioners, hath kept account of it in his quality of churchwarden. IG.

'Tis acknowledged that the Company is indebted to the Deaconry, nine or ten hnndred guilders, according to the tenor of the obligation thereof drawn up in New Netherland A" 1649. The first interest thereupon will fall due A" 1650. 17.

The Company's circumstances admitted of the building neither of an hospital nor orphan asylum, which are not very necessary there as yet.

IS.

Every one conversant with the Indians in, and around New Netherland, will be able to say, that it is morally impossible to convert the adults to the Christian faith. Besides, 'tis a Minister's

business to apply himself to that, and the Director's duty to assist him therein.

Chapter IIL Aeticle 19.

The present Board of Directors seeks for proof as to who those are who have given orders to reckon half a fault for a whole one; they cannot believe that such order emanated from the Assembly (of the XIX.) 20.

The Charter accorded by their High Mightinesses to the Company shows that the judgments of the Director and Council are final. 21.

Respecting this article, we refer to the sentence.

22.

This article we refer, as above, to the sentence.

23.

We are informed and therefore say, that the petitioners will not prove that the late Director, Willem Kieft, hath called in more than one patent and he subjoined with his own hand, that ;

The Charter accorded by their High Mightinesses to the Company shows that the judgments of the Director and Council are final. 21.

Respecting this article, we refer to the sentence.

22.

This article we refer, as above, to the sentence.

23.

We are informed and therefore say, that the petitioners will not prove that the late Director, Willem Kieft, hath called in more than one patent and he subjoined with his own hand, that ;

he reserved the valley, not for the Company, but for the town of Breuckelen in general. The reason of this revocation was, because Jan Eversen Bout, one of the petitioners, who occupies part of the valley, together with others besides him who undertook to found or improve the town of Breukelen at their own expense, submitted to the Director how prejudicial 'twould be to the town that one man named Tonis Nyssen should have the exclusive possession of so extensive a valley, directly contrary to the Freedoms. The Director had signed the patent on the report of Hudde, the Surveyor, without specifying therein the number of morgens.

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS: V. 341 And after information had been received from said Jan Eversen (one of the petitioners) and others, the Director allowed Tonis Nyssen agreeably to the Freedoms, as much of said valley as he should iiave need of in proportion to his plantation.

24.

The Director being president, gives permission to speak ; but it must be shown that he, sitting in court, pleaded any one's case as an advocate.

The Director had signed the patent on the report of Hudde, the Surveyor, without specifying therein the number of morgens.

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS: V. 341 And after information had been received from said Jan Eversen (one of the petitioners) and others, the Director allowed Tonis Nyssen agreeably to the Freedoms, as much of said valley as he should iiave need of in proportion to his plantation.

24.

The Director being president, gives permission to speak ; but it must be shown that he, sitting in court, pleaded any one's case as an advocate.

25. This point demands proof. 26.

Director Kieft did, with the approbation of his superiors, employ La Montagne, a very learned man, as member of the Council, although not sent from Fatherland expressly in that capacity, in whicli he is continued by Director Stuyvesant. Brian Nuton, Captain Lieutenant, having served the Company a long time, is also employed as Councillor; and it is a great untruth, that he does not understand the Dutch language, but it will be proved that he speaks it fluently.

27.

The petitioners must show that Commissary Adriaen de Keyser, is unqualified for his office.

28 and 29. We are not aware "that the Director esteems Jelmer Tomassen and Paulus Leendersen to be thieves. Jelmer Tomassen is in this country ; if needs be, he will willingly answer the petitioners.

30.

On proof of this article by the petitioners, the Fiscal will be recalled. 31.

As regards the calumnies against Cornells van Tienhoven, he is prepared to answer the petitioners, if their High Mightinesses consider it necessary.

The petitioners must show that Commissary Adriaen de Keyser, is unqualified for his office.

28 and 29. We are not aware "that the Director esteems Jelmer Tomassen and Paulus Leendersen to be thieves. Jelmer Tomassen is in this country ; if needs be, he will willingly answer the petitioners.

30.

On proof of this article by the petitioners, the Fiscal will be recalled. 31.

As regards the calumnies against Cornells van Tienhoven, he is prepared to answer the petitioners, if their High Mightinesses consider it necessary.

32.

No person warned the Director against the Secretary, except those who were seeking for his situation : that might be proved in New Netherland.

33.

Director Stuyvesant's demeanor towards Jochem Pitersen and Melyn, is to us unknown, and it must be proved, and not stated through passion.

Francis Douthey being indebted to the Company about eleven hundred guilders, petitioned, in New Netherland, for permission to depart. The Director and Council are willing to allow him to do so, but think they ought first of all be paid his incapacity so to do, was the reason ;

why he was not allowed to depart, and it must be proved that the Director required from him any obligation under his hand.

342 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. 35.

We are informed that the petitioners will in no wise be able to prove that Director

Sruyvesant hath confiscated any person's arms; but 'tis very true, that in 1648, a few snaphaimce were found on board the Valckenier and rynnppel, on arriving in New Netherland, in the hands of some freemen and sailors, who said they had brought them for their personal

why he was not allowed to depart, and it must be proved that the Director required from him any obligation under his hand.

342 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. 35.

We are informed that the petitioners will in no wise be able to prove that Director

Sruyvesant hath confiscated any person's arms; but 'tis very true, that in 1648, a few snaphaimce were found on board the Valckenier and rynnppel, on arriving in New Netherland, in the hands of some freemen and sailors, who said they had brought them for their personal

defence. And as they had not provided themselves with a certificate from the Chamber at Amsterdam, pursuant to general orders, the Fiscal seized the guns, for each of which, though suliject to confiscation, the Director out of pure kindness, paid two beavers or sixteen guilders, being nearly double what they cost in this country.

36.

The petitioners ought to have exhibited the declarations, if any they have, to the Board.

37.

Joost Tonissen having been accused, with others, by the Company's Corporal, of having bought guns, locks and barrels from him ; and as the accusation was true, which said Corporal repeated against Jacob Reynsen, the Council, with the Fiscal, went to his (Tonisen's) house, and, making a search, .found one Company's musket, which the Fiscal took away with him. And as the Director and Council sought further information, Joost Tonissen was imprisoned and let out on bail. 33.

Wherein was Piter van der Linden refused right or justice?

Joost Tonissen having been accused, with others, by the Company's Corporal, of having bought guns, locks and barrels from him ; and as the accusation was true, which said Corporal repeated against Jacob Reynsen, the Council, with the Fiscal, went to his (Tonisen's) house, and, making a search, .found one Company's musket, which the Fiscal took away with him. And as the Director and Council sought further information, Joost Tonissen was imprisoned and let out on bail. 33.

Wherein was Piter van der Linden refused right or justice?

39.

We are informed that the English in the colony of New Haven, in New England, had, contrary to ancient custom, protected the Company's servants and freemen who had run away, and, though requested, would not allow them to return to their Lords and Masters. A Proclamation was then issued, with the advice of the Council, that whosoever would come over to us from thence, should be protected in like manner. On Governor Eton letting some fugitives go, who returned back to us, the proclamation was annulled, tiie dispute about boundaries between us and the English remaining as before. The latter, however, carry on a friendly trade with our Nation. 40.

The ships confiscated in New Netherland are the St. Fitter, during the administration of William Kieft; the :st. Beninjo, and the ship the Prins van Denmarcken, by Director Stuyvesant and Council, because the first had not observed his contract, and had articles of contraband ;

the other had come without license and without paying either duties or convoy, to trade within the limits of the charter granted to the Company by their High Mightinesses.

The latter, however, carry on a friendly trade with our Nation. 40.

The ships confiscated in New Netherland are the St. Fitter, during the administration of William Kieft; the :st. Beninjo, and the ship the Prins van Denmarcken, by Director Stuyvesant and Council, because the first had not observed his contract, and had articles of contraband ;

the other had come without license and without paying either duties or convoy, to trade within the limits of the charter granted to the Company by their High Mightinesses.

41.

Director Stuyvesant was so informed by Thomas Hall and Michiel Jansen, co-petitioners ; information having been given of the Journal he seized it, and is ready to communicate extracts therefrom. 42.

In consequence of housekeepers and other common people in New Netherland coming frequently before the court, with declarations drawn up by this or t'other sailor, and those

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS: V. 343 who had signed the declarations as deponents, when heard thereon, frequently asserting that the declarations were drawn up quite contrary to their meaning, it was ordered that no declarations should be of any force in that country unlessdrawn up by tlie Secretary or some other public persou qualified thereunto, but by no means with any such view as the petitioners represent.

43.

The Company's negroes, taken from the Spaniards, being all slaves, were, on account of their long services, manumitted on condition that tlieir children serve the Company whenever it pleased. Of all the children, no more than three are in service, viz., one, which Stuyvesant has with him on the Company's bouwerie one at the house, the Hope; one wench with ;

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS: V. 343 who had signed the declarations as deponents, when heard thereon, frequently asserting that the declarations were drawn up quite contrary to their meaning, it was ordered that no declarations should be of any force in that country unlessdrawn up by tlie Secretary or some other public persou qualified thereunto, but by no means with any such view as the petitioners represent.

43.

The Company's negroes, taken from the Spaniards, being all slaves, were, on account of their long services, manumitted on condition that tlieir children serve the Company whenever it pleased. Of all the children, no more than three are in service, viz., one, which Stuyvesant has with him on the Company's bouwerie one at the house, the Hope; one wench with ;

Marten Krigier, who hath reared her from a little child at his own expense.

44.

It is not true that the Company hath received five per cent, but in reality sixteen per cent, made with merchants in the premises they enjoy, in return, trade according to contracts ;

which the Company might otherwise retain to themselves agreeably to the charter and the ;

text -- five per cent -- is incorrectly applied, it having reference to freights and not to duties; according to Exemptions, article 10. 45.

The merchants are treated agreeably to the regulations made therein.

We know not what the petitioners mean by this article. 47.

We think the Company has done enough, to wit: in conveying over, at the Company's expense, numbers of people, among whom were Jacob Couwenhoven's father and brothers, together with cattle and other necessaries.

text -- five per cent -- is incorrectly applied, it having reference to freights and not to duties; according to Exemptions, article 10. 45.

The merchants are treated agreeably to the regulations made therein.

We know not what the petitioners mean by this article. 47.

We think the Company has done enough, to wit: in conveying over, at the Company's expense, numbers of people, among whom were Jacob Couwenhoven's father and brothers, together with cattle and other necessaries.

4S.

We consider their duty to be to receive whatever is to be paid. 49.

This article is answered in the deduction.

50.

'Tis to be considered that, in New Netherland, only a beer and wine-excise is levied, which is paid by the Tapsters alone ; the rest of the inhabitants are untaxed and do not pay any excise. 51.

The late Director Kieft, having great need of money, collected, in New [Netherland], in supplies for the people, the duties which the traders were bound to pay to the Directors at Amsterdam, as the accounts of the privileged merchants can show; some petty traders {schotten) paid in beavers or in wampum.

§44 NEW-YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. 52.

The burgher, or other inhabitants of New Netherland, do not pay any beer or wine-excise ;

the inn, or tavern-keeper, alone is obliged to pay the excise, which impost is less than of right belongs to the Company, and there is no cause for the inhabitants to complain on that account.

53.

We are of opinion that the petitioners are utterly ignorant of the Company's property, and very improperly make any estimate thereof, that being, in no wise, the petitioners' business.

The burgher, or other inhabitants of New Netherland, do not pay any beer or wine-excise ;

the inn, or tavern-keeper, alone is obliged to pay the excise, which impost is less than of right belongs to the Company, and there is no cause for the inhabitants to complain on that account.

53.

We are of opinion that the petitioners are utterly ignorant of the Company's property, and very improperly make any estimate thereof, that being, in no wise, the petitioners' business.

54 and 55. We consider that we are fully authorized to employ the Company's revenue as may be necessary, without being obliged to render any account to the petitioners or such persons; and demand proof that the Company's property is employed in getting certificates.

56.

Heretofore there has been no currency but Wampum among the common people, in New Netherland ; the Wampum which formerly passed at the rate of four for a stiver, was reduced to six. We are not aware of any other but the Dutch ell, measure and weight, being in use; and an order was issued, last summer, that all tiie inhabitants should bring their weights into the Company's warehouse, to be stamped anew there.

57.

No complaint has been heard against the Company's grain measure.

5S.

The petitioners ought to prove that the Director trades on his own account, or allows trading in articles of contraband. If he sell merchandise, or cause any to be sold^'tis his business and 'twill appear in account, and be charged to the Company.

We are not aware of any other but the Dutch ell, measure and weight, being in use; and an order was issued, last summer, that all tiie inhabitants should bring their weights into the Company's warehouse, to be stamped anew there.

57.

No complaint has been heard against the Company's grain measure.

5S.

The petitioners ought to prove that the Director trades on his own account, or allows trading in articles of contraband. If he sell merchandise, or cause any to be sold^'tis his business and 'twill appear in account, and be charged to the Company.

59.

We are informed that no person is constrained to pay; but those indebted to the Company are requested so to do. And it can be proved by the books, that the debts were incurred previous to the war, and accrued from clothing, provisions and other necessary supplies advanced by the Directors to the people who went from Holland; the most of whom now can pay. Where the principal is refused, 'tis fair that interest be paid, the rather as the Company itself pays interest. 60.

'Tis strange that these petitioners should say the Company's debts are not paid, inasmuch as they think those indebted to the Company ought not to pay their own debts ; as shown in the preceding article. 61.

Our intention is that no goods from New England, not in the regulation heretofore made in the case, shall be allowed to enter our district, free and if through oversight, any abuses ;

Where the principal is refused, 'tis fair that interest be paid, the rather as the Company itself pays interest. 60.

'Tis strange that these petitioners should say the Company's debts are not paid, inasmuch as they think those indebted to the Company ought not to pay their own debts ; as shown in the preceding article. 61.

Our intention is that no goods from New England, not in the regulation heretofore made in the case, shall be allowed to enter our district, free and if through oversight, any abuses ;

have been committed by connivance in the matter, we are determined to instruct the Director to conform himself, for the future, to the order and regulation heretofore made and enacted thereupon.

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS: V. 337 59. Stuyvesant insists on tlie payment of the debts contracted by individuals during the war, or that Company be paid interest ; many being impoverished, little or no choice is thus left them -- p. 313. 60. On the other hand, payment is refused of the lawful debts which the Company owes individuals, such as earned monthly wages, goods delivered, &c -- p. 313. 61. With a view to win those back whom he hath offended in the highest degree, Stuyvesant hath exempted the English, for a long time past, from the duty which the Dutch were obliged to pay; his caprice may be hence inferred. Great injury was thus inflicted on the trade of our nation aud of our merchants.

» OF THB MILITARY.

On the other hand, payment is refused of the lawful debts which the Company owes individuals, such as earned monthly wages, goods delivered, &c -- p. 313. 61. With a view to win those back whom he hath offended in the highest degree, Stuyvesant hath exempted the English, for a long time past, from the duty which the Dutch were obliged to pay; his caprice may be hence inferred. Great injury was thus inflicted on the trade of our nation aud of our merchants.

» OF THB MILITARY.

62. The Directors, in Amsterdam, have given orders to Stuyvesant to sell articles of contraband, such as guns, powder and lead, to the Indians -- pp. 311, 312. 63. The fort is dismantled and allowed to go to ruin and a military force hath never been ;

maintained there competent for the defence and protection of the inhabitants, but sufficient for their ruin and destruction -- p. 303. 64. Kieft falsely laid at the door of the people the blame of the war which had been enkindled by him and his adherents, especially by Secretary Cornells van Tienhoven by means of his false reports -- p. 304. 65. The war was caused solely by the exaction from and refusal by the Indians of contributions which they did not owe; the injudicious expeditions and violence against them, and the cruel slaughter which first manifested itself in a mysterious toast pp. 304, 305. -- 66. Jacob Ryntges and Jacob Schermerhorn were banished, and their goods confiscated, for smuggling: the ban is removed, but the restitution of the property is impossible -- p. 312. 67. The Directors, in Holland, have not endeavored, nor used any means, nor given any orders, to discover the cause of, or to forbid the war, which creates strong suspicion that they themselves authorized it -- p. 314. 68.

The war was caused solely by the exaction from and refusal by the Indians of contributions which they did not owe; the injudicious expeditions and violence against them, and the cruel slaughter which first manifested itself in a mysterious toast pp. 304, 305. -- 66. Jacob Ryntges and Jacob Schermerhorn were banished, and their goods confiscated, for smuggling: the ban is removed, but the restitution of the property is impossible -- p. 312. 67. The Directors, in Holland, have not endeavored, nor used any means, nor given any orders, to discover the cause of, or to forbid the war, which creates strong suspicion that they themselves authorized it -- p. 314. 68. The St. Beninio, a ship belonging to Benjor, an Italian at Amsterdam, was forcibly cut out of New Haven, where it lay under the protection of the English, and brought as a prize to, and confiscated at the Manhattans.

In addition to these, there are divers other excesses too numerous to particularize.

Vol L 43

NEW-YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS.

Answer of the West India Company to the Remonstrance from New Netherland. [ From Ihe Original in the Eoyal Archives at the Hagne ; Loketkas of the States General ; Kubric We6t IndUche Compagnie No. 30 ; 7th division of the Bundle.]

Answer to the Remonstrance delivered by the Delegates from New Netherland, on the 27"" January, 1650, to the High and Mighty Lords States General of the United Netherlands.

It to the Directors (of the W. I. Company,) that the Remonstrants appeareth strange commence their introduction with calumnies against the Board, their Patroons, complaining of excesses and highly injurious neglect, which, if any existed, ought to have been represented in season to the said Patroons, by them in virtue of their commission dated 27 July, 1G49, communicated for the first time, on the 9'^ of December last, full eight or nine weeks subsequent to their arrival and that they addressed themselves to the Lords of the Supreme government ;

Company,) that the Remonstrants appeareth strange commence their introduction with calumnies against the Board, their Patroons, complaining of excesses and highly injurious neglect, which, if any existed, ought to have been represented in season to the said Patroons, by them in virtue of their commission dated 27 July, 1G49, communicated for the first time, on the 9'^ of December last, full eight or nine weeks subsequent to their arrival and that they addressed themselves to the Lords of the Supreme government ;

without having ever spoken or made any application on the subject of their commission, to the Directors, notwithstanding the latter were requested by their general letters to lend them assistance. And though under correction, the Directors are of opinion that, by virtue of the Charter granted by your High Mightinesses to the Company, the said Delegates, as they style themselves, were in duty bound to address themselves to the Directors at the Chamber at Amsterdam, and in case of receiving no satisfaction there, to the Assembly of the XIX., where your High Mightinesses preside by your Hon""'' Deputies. Being, with this reservation, disposed to respond to your High Mightinesses' invitation, we say:

To the first Article. If the petitioners know of any Directors here, who have preferred their own private interests to the general advantage of the Company, contrary to their oath and honor, they ought to state it, or be bound yet to do so. Failing therein it is answered, that the petitioners do in no wise refer to the Company's government, inasmuch as they speak of matters which transpired before the major part of them were in the country.

If the petitioners know of any Directors here, who have preferred their own private interests to the general advantage of the Company, contrary to their oath and honor, they ought to state it, or be bound yet to do so. Failing therein it is answered, that the petitioners do in no wise refer to the Company's government, inasmuch as they speak of matters which transpired before the major part of them were in the country.

To the 2nd. The Directors ignore this ; saying, if lands have been refused for purposes of cultivation, the petitioners ought to indicate who those were that did so, if they know them.

The Exemptions have never been altered without the knowledge of your High Mightinesses and that of the XIX., and let it be shown who aimed therein at their private advantage.

4.

The Directors are not aware that contributions have been levied off the Indians, much less that orders to that effect have been issued by them or any other person.

5.

The letter was communicated to the Director with good intentions, in order that he might see, and purge himself of, the accusation ; without any orders to molest the signers of the letter for what they had done.

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS : V.

The Directors do not select any agents but such as they consider qualified, and are approved by their High Mightinesses and by them provided with regular Commission and Instruction. And as regards the case of Jochini Pitersen and Cornelis Melyn, who have been punished for reasons more fully set forth in their sentence, the Board finds it particularly strange that these people dare complain that (to use their own language) evil doers and their gross misdeeds go unpunished, when on the other hand, 'tis notorious that up to the present time, no application has been made to the Directors.

The Directors do not select any agents but such as they consider qualified, and are approved by their High Mightinesses and by them provided with regular Commission and Instruction. And as regards the case of Jochini Pitersen and Cornelis Melyn, who have been punished for reasons more fully set forth in their sentence, the Board finds it particularly strange that these people dare complain that (to use their own language) evil doers and their gross misdeeds go unpunished, when on the other hand, 'tis notorious that up to the present time, no application has been made to the Directors. As regards the complaints about the petitions, we cannot form any other opinion but that the Governor found sufficient reasons to lay them aside, and hath left them unanswered. Such placards were never communicate'd to the Board of Directors.

7.

The Board has no knowledge of what the Directors (in N. N.) say; but this is true that the latter represent the Supreme government and the Company, administering justice conformably to Commission and Instruction, in the name of their High Mightinesses, his Highness and of the Company.

8.

We cannot understand what the petitioners would express by the 8"" Article.

We never heard before that the Director spoke harshly to those who treated him respectfully ;

but are now informed that a certain person, who was unwilling to allow his goods to be inspected, behaved with great opposition towards the Director. Wherefore it may be that the latter expressed himself as the occasion required, but we know nothing of the matter.

N.) say; but this is true that the latter represent the Supreme government and the Company, administering justice conformably to Commission and Instruction, in the name of their High Mightinesses, his Highness and of the Company.

8.

We cannot understand what the petitioners would express by the 8"" Article.

We never heard before that the Director spoke harshly to those who treated him respectfully ;

but are now informed that a certain person, who was unwilling to allow his goods to be inspected, behaved with great opposition towards the Director. Wherefore it may be that the latter expressed himself as the occasion required, but we know nothing of the matter.

10.

The sentence can explain the grounds of Jochim Pitersen and Cornelis Melyn's punishment.

11.

We say the Director was favorably inclined to promote the interests of the Commonalty, on condition that he were communicated with. But these men separated themselves from the well-disposed and secretly induced a few low inhabitants to sign their names, who, also, have contributed each a few pennies to the delegation, as more fully can appear by the particular signatures, or procuration affixed to the Remonstrance; hence, 'tis probable that these persons abuse the name of the Commonalty, as the Remonstrance is signed by the minority, the mass of the people not approving of those proceedings, but evincing every satisfaction with the present government, according to the Remonstrance No. 3, signed by 20 persons residing at the Manhatans. 12.

The Church was erected, for satisfactory reasons, in the fort.

But these men separated themselves from the well-disposed and secretly induced a few low inhabitants to sign their names, who, also, have contributed each a few pennies to the delegation, as more fully can appear by the particular signatures, or procuration affixed to the Remonstrance; hence, 'tis probable that these persons abuse the name of the Commonalty, as the Remonstrance is signed by the minority, the mass of the people not approving of those proceedings, but evincing every satisfaction with the present government, according to the Remonstrance No. 3, signed by 20 persons residing at the Manhatans. 12.

The Church was erected, for satisfactory reasons, in the fort.

13.

It cost much more than 8000 guilders whereof it cannot be proved that the people paid eight hundred; the collection taken up by subscription, hath realized the least.

;

340 NEW-YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS.

We request that they declare what they understand by ecclesiastical property.

The Director hath not the administration of the money that was taken up on the plate but Jacob Couwenhoven, who is one of the petitioners, hath kept account of it in his quality of churchwarden. 16.

'Tis acknowledged that the Company is indebted to the Deaconry, nine or ten hundred guilders, according to the tenor of the obligation thereof drawn up in New Netherland A" 1649. The first interest thereupon will fall due A" 1650. 17.

The Company's circumstances admitted of the building neither of an hojspital nor orphan

asylum, which are not very necessary there as yet.

The Director hath not the administration of the money that was taken up on the plate but Jacob Couwenhoven, who is one of the petitioners, hath kept account of it in his quality of churchwarden. 16.

'Tis acknowledged that the Company is indebted to the Deaconry, nine or ten hundred guilders, according to the tenor of the obligation thereof drawn up in New Netherland A" 1649. The first interest thereupon will fall due A" 1650. 17.

The Company's circumstances admitted of the building neither of an hojspital nor orphan

asylum, which are not very necessary there as yet.

IS.

Every one conversant with the Indians in, and around New Netherland, will be able to say, that it is morally impossible to convert the adults to the Christian faith. Besides, 'tis a Minister's

business to apply himself to that, and the Director's duty to assist him therein.

Chapter III. Article 19.

The present Board of Directors seeks for proof as to who those are who have given orders to reckon half a fault for a whole one ; they cannot believe that such order emanated from the Assembly (of the XIX.) 20.

The Charter accorded by their High Mightinesses to the Company shows that the judgments of the Director and Council are final. 21.

Respecting this article, we refer to the sentence.

22.

This article we refer, as above, to the sentence.

23.

We are informed and therefore say, that the petitioners will not prove that the late Director, Willem Kieft, hath called in more than one patent and he subjoined with his own hand, that ;

The Charter accorded by their High Mightinesses to the Company shows that the judgments of the Director and Council are final. 21.

Respecting this article, we refer to the sentence.

22.

This article we refer, as above, to the sentence.

23.

We are informed and therefore say, that the petitioners will not prove that the late Director, Willem Kieft, hath called in more than one patent and he subjoined with his own hand, that ;

he reserved the valley, not for the Company, but for the town of Breuckelen in general. The reason of this revocation was, because Jan Eversen Bout, one of the petitioners, who occupies part of the valley, together with others besides him who undertook to found or improve the town of Breukelen at their own expense, submitted to the Director how prejudicial 'twould be to the town that one man named Tonis Nyssen should have the exclusive possession of so extensive a valley, directly contrary to the Freedoms. The Director had signed the patent on the report of Hudde, the Surveyor, without specifying therein the number of morgens.

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS: V. 341 And after information had been received from said Jan Eversen (one of the petitioners) and others, the Director allowed Tonis Nyssen agreeably to the Freedoms, as much of said valley as he should have need of in proportion to his plantation.

24.

The Director being president, gives permission to speak ; but it must be shown that he, sitting in court, pleaded any one's case as an advocate.

The Director had signed the patent on the report of Hudde, the Surveyor, without specifying therein the number of morgens.

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS: V. 341 And after information had been received from said Jan Eversen (one of the petitioners) and others, the Director allowed Tonis Nyssen agreeably to the Freedoms, as much of said valley as he should have need of in proportion to his plantation.

24.

The Director being president, gives permission to speak ; but it must be shown that he, sitting in court, pleaded any one's case as an advocate.

25. This point demands proof. 26.

Director Kieft did, with the approbation of his superiors, employ La Montagne, a very learned man, as member of the Council, although not sent from Fatherland expressly in that capacity, in which he is continued by Director Stuyvesant. Brian Nuton, Captain Lieutenant, having served the Company a long time, is also employed as Councillor; and it is a great untruth, that he does not understand the Dutch language, but it will be proved that he speaks it fluently.

27.

The petitioners must show that Commissary Adriaen de Keyser, is unqualified for his office.

28 and 29. We are not aware that the Director esteems Jelmer Tomassen and Paulus Leendersen to be thieves. Jelmer Tomassen is in this country ; if needs be, he will willingly answer the petitioners.

30.

On proof of this article by the petitioners, the Fiscal will be recalled. 31.

As regards the calumnies against Cornells van Tienhoven, he is prepared to answer the petitioners, if their High Mightinesses consider it necessary.

The petitioners must show that Commissary Adriaen de Keyser, is unqualified for his office.

28 and 29. We are not aware that the Director esteems Jelmer Tomassen and Paulus Leendersen to be thieves. Jelmer Tomassen is in this country ; if needs be, he will willingly answer the petitioners.

30.

On proof of this article by the petitioners, the Fiscal will be recalled. 31.

As regards the calumnies against Cornells van Tienhoven, he is prepared to answer the petitioners, if their High Mightinesses consider it necessary.

32.

No person warned the Director against the Secretary, except those who were seeking for his situation : that might be proved in New Netherland.

Director Stuyvesant's demeanor towards Jochem Pitersen and Melyn, is to us unknown, and it must be proved, and not stated through passion.

34.

Francis Douthey being indebted to the Company about eleven hundred guilders, petitioned, in New Netherland, for permission to depart. The Director and Council are willing to allow him to do so, but think they ought first of all be paid his incapacity so to do, was the reason ;

why he was not allowed to depart, and it must be proved that the Director required from him any obligation under his hand.

;

§42 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. 35.

We are informed that the petitioners will in no wise be able to prove that Director

Sruyvesant any person's arms; but 'tis very true, that in 1648, a few hath confiscated snaphaiince were found on board the Valckenier and Pynnppel, on arriving in New Netherland, in the hands of some freemen and sailors, who said they had brought them for their personal defence. And as they had not provided themselves with a certificate from the Chamber at Amsterdam, pursuant to general orders, the Fiscal seized the guns, for each of which, though subject to confiscation, the Director out of pure kindness, paid two beavers or sixteen guilders, being nearly double what they cost in this country.

Sruyvesant any person's arms; but 'tis very true, that in 1648, a few hath confiscated snaphaiince were found on board the Valckenier and Pynnppel, on arriving in New Netherland, in the hands of some freemen and sailors, who said they had brought them for their personal defence. And as they had not provided themselves with a certificate from the Chamber at Amsterdam, pursuant to general orders, the Fiscal seized the guns, for each of which, though subject to confiscation, the Director out of pure kindness, paid two beavers or sixteen guilders, being nearly double what they cost in this country.

36.

The petitioners ought to have exhibited the declarations, if any they have, to the Board. 37.

Joost Tonissen having been accused, with others, by the Company's Corporal, of having bought guns, locks and barrels from him ; and as the accusation was true, which said Corporal repeated against Jacob Reynsen, the Council, with the Fiscal, went to his (Tonisen's) house, and, making a search, found one Company's musket, which the Fiscal took away with him. And as the Director and Council sought further information, Joost Tonissen was imprisoned and let out on bail. 38.

Wherein was Piter van der Linden refused right or justice?

39.

We are informed that the English in the colony of New Haven, in New England, had, contrary to ancient custom, protected the Company's servants and freemen who had run away, and, though requested, would not allow them to return to their Lords and Masters. A Proclamation was then issued, with the advice of the Council, that whosoever would come over to us from thence, should be protected in like manner. On Governor Eton letting some fugitives go, who returned back to us, the proclamation was annulled, the dispute about boundaries between us and the English remaining as before.

We are informed that the English in the colony of New Haven, in New England, had, contrary to ancient custom, protected the Company's servants and freemen who had run away, and, though requested, would not allow them to return to their Lords and Masters. A Proclamation was then issued, with the advice of the Council, that whosoever would come over to us from thence, should be protected in like manner. On Governor Eton letting some fugitives go, who returned back to us, the proclamation was annulled, the dispute about boundaries between us and the English remaining as before. The latter, however, carry on a friendly trade with our Nation. 40.

The ships confiscated in New Netherland are the St. Fitter, during the administration of William Kieft; the 6^ Beninjo, and the ship the Prins van Denmarcken, by Director Stuyvesant and Council, because the first had not observed his contract, and had articles of contraband ;

the other had come without license and without paying either duties or convoy, to trade within the limits of the charter granted to the Company by their High Mightinesses.

41.

Director Stuyvesant was so informed by Thomas Hall and Michiel Jansen, co-petitioners information having been given of the Journal he seized it, and is ready to communicate extracts therefrom. 42.

In consequence of housekeepers and other common people in New Netherland coming frequently before the court, with declarations drawn up by this or t'other sailor, and those

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS: V. 343

who had signed the declarations as deponents, when heard thereon, frequently asserting that the declarations were drawn up it was ordered that no quite contrary to their meaning, declarations should be of any force in that country unlessdrawn up by the Secretary or some other public person qualified thereunto, but by no means with any such view as the petitioners represent.

In consequence of housekeepers and other common people in New Netherland coming frequently before the court, with declarations drawn up by this or t'other sailor, and those

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS: V. 343

who had signed the declarations as deponents, when heard thereon, frequently asserting that the declarations were drawn up it was ordered that no quite contrary to their meaning, declarations should be of any force in that country unlessdrawn up by the Secretary or some other public person qualified thereunto, but by no means with any such view as the petitioners represent.

43.

The Company's negroes, taken from the Spaniards, being all slaves, were, on account of their long services, manumitted on condition that their children serve the Company whenever it pleased. Of all the children, no more than three are in service, viz., one, which Stuyvesant has with him on the Company's bouwerie one at the house, the Hope; one wench with ;

Marten Krigier, who hath reared her from a little child at his own expense.

44.

It is Company hath received five per cent, but in reality sixteen per cent, not true that the according to contracts made with merchants in the premises; they enjoy, in return, trade which the Company might otherwise retain to themselves agreeably to the charter and the ;

text -- five per cent -- is incorrectly applied, it having reference to freights and not to duties; according to Exemptions, article 10. 45.

The merchants are treated agreeably to the regulations made therein.

It is Company hath received five per cent, but in reality sixteen per cent, not true that the according to contracts made with merchants in the premises; they enjoy, in return, trade which the Company might otherwise retain to themselves agreeably to the charter and the ;

text -- five per cent -- is incorrectly applied, it having reference to freights and not to duties; according to Exemptions, article 10. 45.

The merchants are treated agreeably to the regulations made therein.

46.

We know not what the petitioners mean by this article. 47.

We think the Company has done enough, to wit: in conveying over, at the Company's expense, numbers of people, among whom were Jacob Couwenhoven's father and brothers, together with cattle and other necessaries.

48.

We consider their duty to be to receive whatever is to be paid. 49.

This article is answered in the deduction.

50.

'Tis to be considered that, in New Netherland, only a beer and wine-excise is levied, which is paid by the Tapsters alone ; the rest of the inhabitants are untaxed and do not pay any excise- Si.

The late Director Kieft, having great need of money, collected, in New [Netherland], in supplies for the people, the duties which the traders were bound to pay to the Directors at Amsterdam, as the accounts of the privileged merchants can show; some petty traders (schotten) paid in beavers- or in wampum.

344 NEW-YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. 52.

The burgher, or other inhabitants of New Netherland, do not pay any beer or wine-excise ;

'Tis to be considered that, in New Netherland, only a beer and wine-excise is levied, which is paid by the Tapsters alone ; the rest of the inhabitants are untaxed and do not pay any excise- Si.

The late Director Kieft, having great need of money, collected, in New [Netherland], in supplies for the people, the duties which the traders were bound to pay to the Directors at Amsterdam, as the accounts of the privileged merchants can show; some petty traders (schotten) paid in beavers- or in wampum.

344 NEW-YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. 52.

The burgher, or other inhabitants of New Netherland, do not pay any beer or wine-excise ;

the inn, or tavern-keeper, alone is obliged to pay the excise, which impost is less than of right belongs to the Company, and there is no cause for the inhabitants to complain on that account.

53.

We are of opinion that the petitioners are utterly ignorant of the Company's property, and very improperly make any estimate thereof, that being, in no wise, the petitioners' business.

54 and 55. We consider that we are fully authorized to employ the Company's revenue as may be necessary, without being obliged to render any account to the petitioners or such persons; and demand proof that the Company's property is employed in getting certificates.

56.

Heretofore there has been no currency but Wampum among the common people, in New Netherland ; the Wampum which formerly passed at the rate of four for a stiver, was reduced to six. We are not aware of any other but the Dutch ell, measure and weight, being in use; and an order was issued, last summer, that all the inhabitants should bring their weights into the Company's warehouse, to be stamped anew there.

56.

Heretofore there has been no currency but Wampum among the common people, in New Netherland ; the Wampum which formerly passed at the rate of four for a stiver, was reduced to six. We are not aware of any other but the Dutch ell, measure and weight, being in use; and an order was issued, last summer, that all the inhabitants should bring their weights into the Company's warehouse, to be stamped anew there.

57.

No complaint has been heard against the Company's grain measure.

58.

The petitioners ought to prove that the Director trades on his own account, or allows trading in articles of contraband. If he sell merchandise, or cause any to be sold, 'tis his business and 'twill appear in account, and be charged to the Company.

59.

We are informed that no person is constrained to pay; but those indebted to the Company are requested so to do. And it can be proved by the books, that the debts were incurred previous to tlie war, and accrued from clothing, provisions and other necessary supplies advanced by the Directors to the people who went from Holland the most of whom now ;

can pay. Where the principal is refused, 'tis fair that interest be paid, the rather as the Company itself pays interest. 60.

'Tis strange that these petitioners should say the Company's debts are not paid, inasmuch as they think those indebted to the Company ought not to pay their own debts; as shown in the preceding article. 61.

And it can be proved by the books, that the debts were incurred previous to tlie war, and accrued from clothing, provisions and other necessary supplies advanced by the Directors to the people who went from Holland the most of whom now ;

can pay. Where the principal is refused, 'tis fair that interest be paid, the rather as the Company itself pays interest. 60.

'Tis strange that these petitioners should say the Company's debts are not paid, inasmuch as they think those indebted to the Company ought not to pay their own debts; as shown in the preceding article. 61.

Our intention is that no goods from New England, not in the regulation heretofore made be allowed to enter our district, free and if through oversight, any abuses in the case, shall ;

have been committed by connivance in the matter, we are determined to instruct the Director to conform himself, for the future, to the order and regulation heretofore made and enacted thereupon.

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS : V. 345

Chapter V. Article 62.

Tt is not known, and proof is demanded, tiiat orders have been given by us to trade in articles of contraband. 63.

Tine fort belonging to the Company has, for want of means, not been properly repaired ; the petitioners, though requested, would not aid in repairing it, although 'twas designed for their

own defence; and the additional embarrassments of the Company prevented soldiers being sent thither. If any one hath suffered annoyance from the soldiers, he ought to have complained thereof to the officer. 64.

Tt is not known, and proof is demanded, tiiat orders have been given by us to trade in articles of contraband. 63.

Tine fort belonging to the Company has, for want of means, not been properly repaired ; the petitioners, though requested, would not aid in repairing it, although 'twas designed for their

own defence; and the additional embarrassments of the Company prevented soldiers being sent thither. If any one hath suffered annoyance from the soldiers, he ought to have complained thereof to the officer. 64.

We know not to whom Willem Kieft, now deceased, attributed the war; but 'tis, indeed, true, that the freemen (accompanied by Covert Loockermans, one of the petitioners), made the attack on the Indians at Corlaer's Hook, and the soldiers on those at Pavonia. Previous to these expeditions and before war was decided on, in the Council Chamber, where the Reverend Mr. Bogardus was present, Cornells van Tienhoven and Hans Steen were commanded by the Director and Council to repair to Pavonia, and to examine the position of the Indian huts; whereof they made a report.

We never authorized nor countenanced the war; but on all occasions, ordered that every possible attempt be made to preserve peace.

66.

Jacob Reyntjes and Schermerhoorn were not banished for smuggling; but because they purchased the Company's arms from its Corporal, and traded them away to the Indians; as can be proved by their letters, signed with their own hands.

67.

That we have been the cause of the war, requires proof; on the contrary we have written, by every opportunity, to endeavor by all means to restore peace.

We never authorized nor countenanced the war; but on all occasions, ordered that every possible attempt be made to preserve peace.

66.

Jacob Reyntjes and Schermerhoorn were not banished for smuggling; but because they purchased the Company's arms from its Corporal, and traded them away to the Indians; as can be proved by their letters, signed with their own hands.

67.

That we have been the cause of the war, requires proof; on the contrary we have written, by every opportunity, to endeavor by all means to restore peace.

68.

The ship Beninjo, belonging to Sieur Bensio, being come within the limits and charter of the Company, without permit, or consent of the Chamber at Amsterdam, much less without having paid duty, was taken out of the bay in front of New Haven, and confiscated in New Netherland. The owner is in Amsterdam ; had he thought that he suffered any wrong, he should long since have brought it before the court. And it is worthy remark, tliat some of the petitioners offered a reward for the seizure or arrest of this interloper. The grounds of the confiscation appear in the judgment. We cannot discover from the Remonstrance of the delegates from New Netherland, with what view these people have come hither, inasmuch as the entire of their complaints is filled with calumnies, not only against the Director, but especially against us, their Patroons, who, therefore, cannot presume otherwise but that these people intend, on the one hand, to rid themselves of all government, or on the other, to pay in this wise the Company, what many of Vol. I. 44

We cannot discover from the Remonstrance of the delegates from New Netherland, with what view these people have come hither, inasmuch as the entire of their complaints is filled with calumnies, not only against the Director, but especially against us, their Patroons, who, therefore, cannot presume otherwise but that these people intend, on the one hand, to rid themselves of all government, or on the other, to pay in this wise the Company, what many of Vol. I. 44

346 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. them are for a long time indebted to it; and principally to escape the tenths of their incomes now due by many for several years, and which, on account of their iterated complaints of the losses they had experienced, were remitted up to the year 1648, when the Director first mentioned them. The consequence was, the people being under covenant in this case, requested to be exonerated for still another year from the aforesaid tythes. In this they were again favored, and it seems as if, in return for all this, they intend to pay their Patroons as already stated. We are respectfully of opinion that, if these people have anything to represent or to request, they, as has already been said in the beginning, ought to have applied to the Board of Directors, in conformity to their credentials, addressed to this Chamber. Done at the Hague, the 3P' January, 1650. (Signed) P. Marcus de Vogelar. Jacob Pergens. ISAACK VAN BeECK.

Petition of the Delegates from New Netherland. [ From the Original in the Royal Archives at the Hagne Lokakaa of the States General ; : DiTision, West IndMche Oampagnie, No. 25. ]

We are respectfully of opinion that, if these people have anything to represent or to request, they, as has already been said in the beginning, ought to have applied to the Board of Directors, in conformity to their credentials, addressed to this Chamber. Done at the Hague, the 3P' January, 1650. (Signed) P. Marcus de Vogelar. Jacob Pergens. ISAACK VAN BeECK.

Petition of the Delegates from New Netherland. [ From the Original in the Royal Archives at the Hagne Lokakaa of the States General ; : DiTision, West IndMche Oampagnie, No. 25. ]

[ L. S. ]

To the High and Mighty Lords, the Lords States General of the United Netherlands. High and Mighty Lords! The Delegates from New Netherland represent with due respect, that they delivered into the Assembly here, on the 13"" October, 1649, a certain petition and commission, setting forth the sober, and utterly ruinous condition of New Netherland ; and, moreover, have communicated to the committee divers other papers, together with a perfect map of the country, and its situation, as well as some samples of the fruits and peltries produced there; also, furnished full verbal information on every subject in particular; performed, likewise, all the duties they

could remember, according to the directions and instructions of their principals in New Netherland, in order to obtain thorough redress. Whereupon some of the Board of Directors were inclined to act inconsiderately, as is their usual custom, and to criminate and countermine what the petitioners have done, accusing them of being unworthy of all credit, demanding unseasonably further proof of matters, in order, as the petitioners cannot but apprehend, thus, by controversy, to delay and protract the good work. Independent of the petitioners and their constituents being public, and for the country's interests, sworn individuals, who therefore in such case deserve full credit, their proofs are as palpable as the sun at clear noon, inasmuch as they have asserted, that disorder and an insufferable government, with their consequences, in conjunction with the covetousness of some individuals, are the sole cause and parent of all that ruin and mischief, as the injurious fruits thereof amply testify, because Heaven has not visited New Netherland with any

Independent of the petitioners and their constituents being public, and for the country's interests, sworn individuals, who therefore in such case deserve full credit, their proofs are as palpable as the sun at clear noon, inasmuch as they have asserted, that disorder and an insufferable government, with their consequences, in conjunction with the covetousness of some individuals, are the sole cause and parent of all that ruin and mischief, as the injurious fruits thereof amply testify, because Heaven has not visited New Netherland with any

extraordinary, unavoidable calamities, except such as have originated with the Company and its agents. Again, that country is more favored, and better situated than New England ; the Dutch also commenced planting their respective lands many years before the English, yet, notwithstanding, New England is populous, rich, prosperous, driving an immense trade and

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS : V. 347

commerce almost with the entire universe ; yea, is flourishing, whilst New Netherland, on the contrary, is a desert, usurped on the east side by the English, and on the southwest side by the Swedes, despite of first possession taken by this State; and is, moreover, impoverished, harassed and afflicted ; yea, reduced to utter ruin by the aforesaid bad government. Pending the war, remonstrances and complaints against it were addressed, in abundance, both verbally and in writing to the Amsterdam Chamber of the XIX. Finally, when hope and help there was none, the matter was communicated to your High Mightinesses. The entire country hath long felt the evil effects of the war and felt it the more through the danger of Indian revenge ; ;

commerce almost with the entire universe ; yea, is flourishing, whilst New Netherland, on the contrary, is a desert, usurped on the east side by the English, and on the southwest side by the Swedes, despite of first possession taken by this State; and is, moreover, impoverished, harassed and afflicted ; yea, reduced to utter ruin by the aforesaid bad government. Pending the war, remonstrances and complaints against it were addressed, in abundance, both verbally and in writing to the Amsterdam Chamber of the XIX. Finally, when hope and help there was none, the matter was communicated to your High Mightinesses. The entire country hath long felt the evil effects of the war and felt it the more through the danger of Indian revenge ; ;

and it will continue to experience it, until those in that country who are responsible for the mischiefs, and were instructed and sworn by your High Mightinesses to correct the evil by strict justice, are recalled home; until Cornells van Tienhoven, Secretary of New Netherland,

now here at the Hague, also a chief cause of the ruin (as is to be seen by the copy of a petition hereunto annexed), be removed out of the country, and until population be encouraged, of which there is little appearance, unless your High Mightinesses will please to assume the supervision and protection of the country absolutely to yourselves, and to favor it with a good civil government, composed of those interested in the country; unalterable Privileges and

now here at the Hague, also a chief cause of the ruin (as is to be seen by the copy of a petition hereunto annexed), be removed out of the country, and until population be encouraged, of which there is little appearance, unless your High Mightinesses will please to assume the supervision and protection of the country absolutely to yourselves, and to favor it with a good civil government, composed of those interested in the country; unalterable Privileges and

Exemptions together with a settlement of the boundaries, which is very necessary for the country and its peace. Such is, also, very just; for it was taken possession of from Cape Hinlopen to Staten Hook or Cape Cod, by your High Mightinesses' subjects and this State, in the year 1609, before any English or Swedes had tho.ught of coming thither. Wherefore we, the petitioners, in our quality aforesaid, have recourse to your High Mightinesses, humbly praying and urgently beseeching, as the Spring is at hand, and the season for preparation daily approaches, and the Delegates are here at heavy expense, that the affairs of New Netherland and its Redress be favorably considered, and that it be provisionally encouraged by the enactment, at an early day, of a good ordinance. To the end that the worthy patriots and the well meaning people in that country may no longer be frustrated in their hope, but entirely relieved and released from oppression and slavery and that this State may not be wholly dispossessed of that fine country, which alone ;

Wherefore we, the petitioners, in our quality aforesaid, have recourse to your High Mightinesses, humbly praying and urgently beseeching, as the Spring is at hand, and the season for preparation daily approaches, and the Delegates are here at heavy expense, that the affairs of New Netherland and its Redress be favorably considered, and that it be provisionally encouraged by the enactment, at an early day, of a good ordinance. To the end that the worthy patriots and the well meaning people in that country may no longer be frustrated in their hope, but entirely relieved and released from oppression and slavery and that this State may not be wholly dispossessed of that fine country, which alone ;

is of greater extent than the Seventeen Dutch Provinces, and which, in the hour of need, will be found a strong arm, by the assistance it will render in people and provisions; for after population shall have increased, your High Mightinesses will carry on a very large trade from the one to the other of your own countries -- hinc inde et inde hinc -- without any save your High Mightinesses' having control or authority overy it. Which doing, etc. (In the margin.) The States General of the United Netherlands have, after previous deliberation, placed this Remonstrance in the hands of the Lords Aertsbergen and the others their High Mightinesses' Deputies for the West India Company's affairs, to investigate and examine it; to extract the important points therefrom, and report on the whole. Done in the Assembly of the most noble the States General, the 7"^ February. 1650. (Signed) Johan van Reede, V. By order of the same, in the absence of the Secretary, (Signed) J. Spronssen. (Endorsed) Petition of the Committee from New Netherland to their High Mightinesses the Lords States General of the United Netherlands. 1650, t-

Which doing, etc. (In the margin.) The States General of the United Netherlands have, after previous deliberation, placed this Remonstrance in the hands of the Lords Aertsbergen and the others their High Mightinesses' Deputies for the West India Company's affairs, to investigate and examine it; to extract the important points therefrom, and report on the whole. Done in the Assembly of the most noble the States General, the 7"^ February. 1650. (Signed) Johan van Reede, V. By order of the same, in the absence of the Secretary, (Signed) J. Spronssen. (Endorsed) Petition of the Committee from New Netherland to their High Mightinesses the Lords States General of the United Netherlands. 1650, t-

348 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS.

Petition of Cornelius Melyn^ Patroon on Staten Idand, with accompanying Documents.

[ From tde Notarial copy remaining in Ihe Kojal Archives at the Hague ; Lokeikas of the Statefl General ; Division, Went Indiscke Cotnpagni^ No 25. ]

[ L. S. ]

To the High and Mighty Lords the Lords States General of the United Netherlands.

High and Mighty Lords !

Cornelis New Netherland, your High Mightinesses' Melyn, Patroon on Staten Island in humble servant, respectfully showeth: That he repaired to New Netherland with your High Mightinesses' Mandamus in case of appeal and favorable letter, obtained here in the year 1648, against the sentence pronounced by Director Petrus Stuyvesant and his Council, on your Petitioner,and caused due service of said Mandamus on the abovenamed Director and his Council, as well as on all others in any wise concerned, pursuant to the tenor of your High Mightinesses' addition endorsed on the aforesaid Mandamus. Petrus Stuyvesant, the Director, treated the service of the Mandamus with very boisterous disrespect, tearing it in the presence of all the People, out of the officer's hands, so that your High Mightinesses' own seal fell off,

Cornelis New Netherland, your High Mightinesses' Melyn, Patroon on Staten Island in humble servant, respectfully showeth: That he repaired to New Netherland with your High Mightinesses' Mandamus in case of appeal and favorable letter, obtained here in the year 1648, against the sentence pronounced by Director Petrus Stuyvesant and his Council, on your Petitioner,and caused due service of said Mandamus on the abovenamed Director and his Council, as well as on all others in any wise concerned, pursuant to the tenor of your High Mightinesses' addition endorsed on the aforesaid Mandamus. Petrus Stuyvesant, the Director, treated the service of the Mandamus with very boisterous disrespect, tearing it in the presence of all the People, out of the officer's hands, so that your High Mightinesses' own seal fell off,

and had the Mandamus not been written on parchment but only on paper, it would indeed have been lorn in pieces; all which will further appear by the return of the officer in the copy hereunto annexed, the original whereof is in Petitioner's possession. And notwithstanding the Petitioner hath not been able to obtain, either before or after judgment, nor even after service was made of your High Mightinesses' Mandamus, nor after his indispensable protest, aught or any of the papers and documents against him whereby the judgment is claimed to be well sustained, nor sufficient copies thereof; notwithstanding the declaration of Vice- Director Lubbertus vail Dinclagen, a Doctor of Law, as by the return can be seen, that he (the petitioner) is wronged by Director Petrus Stuyvesant and his advisers detaining the papers which are favorable to the petitioner, and otherwise apply to the vote on the judgment; notwithstanding also, that Henrick Opdyck, the fiscal, in answer to the petitioner, denied being a party in the suit against him, and other councillors ofler olher excuses and subterfuges -- yet he, your petitioner, cannot obtain from Director Stuyvesant, according to in fairness the tenor of the abovementioned Mandamus, any revocation of the judgment, nor reparation of suffered defamation and loss ; but inasmuch as the aforementioned Director, about fourteen days previous to your petitioner's last departure from New Netherland, did dispatch hither his Secretary, Cornelis van Tienhoven, who, when summoned, obstinately refused to answer on service of your High Mightinesses' Mandamus, your petitioner hath finally found himself obliged immediately to ibllovv him.

And notwithstanding the Petitioner hath not been able to obtain, either before or after judgment, nor even after service was made of your High Mightinesses' Mandamus, nor after his indispensable protest, aught or any of the papers and documents against him whereby the judgment is claimed to be well sustained, nor sufficient copies thereof; notwithstanding the declaration of Vice- Director Lubbertus vail Dinclagen, a Doctor of Law, as by the return can be seen, that he (the petitioner) is wronged by Director Petrus Stuyvesant and his advisers detaining the papers which are favorable to the petitioner, and otherwise apply to the vote on the judgment; notwithstanding also, that Henrick Opdyck, the fiscal, in answer to the petitioner, denied being a party in the suit against him, and other councillors ofler olher excuses and subterfuges -- yet he, your petitioner, cannot obtain from Director Stuyvesant, according to in fairness the tenor of the abovementioned Mandamus, any revocation of the judgment, nor reparation of suffered defamation and loss ; but inasmuch as the aforementioned Director, about fourteen days previous to your petitioner's last departure from New Netherland, did dispatch hither his Secretary, Cornelis van Tienhoven, who, when summoned, obstinately refused to answer on service of your High Mightinesses' Mandamus, your petitioner hath finally found himself obliged immediately to ibllovv him. Therefore, in order to complain of the abovementioned frivolous, unfounded judgment, as well as to institute his further action which he hath against the abovenamed Secretary, the petitioner humbly applies to your High Mightinesses, respectfully requesting that you would be pleased to appoint time and place for the said Secretary to appear and to hear such demand and conclusion as your petitioner shall make against him as principal, and as attorney, as the same shall then be found requisite. Wherefore the petitioner, most respectfully, and with all humility, prays that your High Mightinesses will be pleased to help him, for once, to the speedy expedition of his good right, and to take into consideration that your petitioner hath now groped such a length of time,

Therefore, in order to complain of the abovementioned frivolous, unfounded judgment, as well as to institute his further action which he hath against the abovenamed Secretary, the petitioner humbly applies to your High Mightinesses, respectfully requesting that you would be pleased to appoint time and place for the said Secretary to appear and to hear such demand and conclusion as your petitioner shall make against him as principal, and as attorney, as the same shall then be found requisite. Wherefore the petitioner, most respectfully, and with all humility, prays that your High Mightinesses will be pleased to help him, for once, to the speedy expedition of his good right, and to take into consideration that your petitioner hath now groped such a length of time,

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS: V, 349

since the year 1643, in tins labyrinth without any error or fault of his, for the advancement of the public interests, being, in the meanwhile, obliged to neglect, for so long a time, his private affairs and family, being burdened with six children, and to encounter, to his excessive cost and great injury, all sorts of vexation and trouble in iiis private affairs, on account of a public matter so entirely just ; therefore the petitioner will respectfully expect your High Mightinesses' favorable postil and speedy conclusion, inasmuch as the time for returning back draws nigh. Which doing, &c.

(Tn the margin was:) The States General of the United iNetherlands have, upon previous deliberation, placed this with the papers annexed, in the hands of Mess" van Aertsbergen and other their petition, High Mightinesses' Deputies for the West India Company's aff'airs, to inspect and to examine them, and to hear and understand the petitioner and Secretary van Tienhoven, who is at present here at the Hague, again and again, and to make a report on the whole matter to their High Mightinesses.

(Tn the margin was:) The States General of the United iNetherlands have, upon previous deliberation, placed this with the papers annexed, in the hands of Mess" van Aertsbergen and other their petition, High Mightinesses' Deputies for the West India Company's aff'airs, to inspect and to examine them, and to hear and understand the petitioner and Secretary van Tienhoven, who is at present here at the Hague, again and again, and to make a report on the whole matter to their High Mightinesses. Done at the Assembly of the Noble States General, the S"" February, 1G50. (Signed) JoHAN van Reede, V. By order of the same. (Signed) Corn' Musch, 1650. (Endorsed) Cornells Melyn.

Schedule N" 3. Sentence pronounced hj Director Stuyvesant on Cornelius Melyn,

Whereas Cornells Melyn, born at Antwerp, aged about five and forty years, inhabitant and burgher of the city of New Amsterdam, in New Netherland, hath dared, on the 2'^ May, 1645, and did (according to the sworn affidavit thereof being) set himself in opposition and contravention to justice, threatening the Honorable Director Kieft, at the time his lawful Governor and superior, with the gallows and the wheel; or, as the delinquent, according to words to the Fiscal and other officers ordered his confession, without torture, perverted the to execute the judgment, and said -- Let those who have given you orders, look to it, that they do not reach the gallows and the wheel -- and hath further resisted justice and the order of the Hon'''' Director Kieft aforesaid, so that the Fiscal was obliged to enter a protest of contumacy

Whereas Cornells Melyn, born at Antwerp, aged about five and forty years, inhabitant and burgher of the city of New Amsterdam, in New Netherland, hath dared, on the 2'^ May, 1645, and did (according to the sworn affidavit thereof being) set himself in opposition and contravention to justice, threatening the Honorable Director Kieft, at the time his lawful Governor and superior, with the gallows and the wheel; or, as the delinquent, according to words to the Fiscal and other officers ordered his confession, without torture, perverted the to execute the judgment, and said -- Let those who have given you orders, look to it, that they do not reach the gallows and the wheel -- and hath further resisted justice and the order of the Hon'''' Director Kieft aforesaid, so that the Fiscal was obliged to enter a protest of contumacy

and opposition against him, Melyn, according to divers other affidavits taken and sworn to at the time he, Melyn, was convicted of slandering justice and the law here, saying -- Here be no justice ; he was not a subject of the Hon'''' Director ; the may occupy Hon'''' Director himself with the Company's servants -- he is a headstrong fool {een duyvcls kop), with many other mutinous and seditious words uttered against this one and that, as well soldiers as freemen, advising the Company's servants to leave its service, as they could receive neither money nor pay ; that the Director, like the biggest liar in the country, gave fair words and plenty of promises, which bore no fruit, &c. ; in order to instigate the freemen not to pay anything, as is apparent to us by divers collected affidavits and credible testimonies, with name and surname, duly read in his presence ; also, that he, by his servants, endeavored, even before, or in the beginning of the war, to purloin either secretly or forcibly, the maize belonging to the Indians of Long Island at that time not yet at war with our nation, for which they even killed an Englishman ; whereof, contrary to two witnesses, he knows nothing.

and opposition against him, Melyn, according to divers other affidavits taken and sworn to at the time he, Melyn, was convicted of slandering justice and the law here, saying -- Here be no justice ; he was not a subject of the Hon'''' Director ; the may occupy Hon'''' Director himself with the Company's servants -- he is a headstrong fool {een duyvcls kop), with many other mutinous and seditious words uttered against this one and that, as well soldiers as freemen, advising the Company's servants to leave its service, as they could receive neither money nor pay ; that the Director, like the biggest liar in the country, gave fair words and plenty of promises, which bore no fruit, &c. ; in order to instigate the freemen not to pay anything, as is apparent to us by divers collected affidavits and credible testimonies, with name and surname, duly read in his presence ; also, that he, by his servants, endeavored, even before, or in the beginning of the war, to purloin either secretly or forcibly, the maize belonging to the Indians of Long Island at that time not yet at war with our nation, for which they even killed an Englishman ; whereof, contrary to two witnesses, he knows nothing. It

350 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS.

appears, however, by his own confession made in our presence, on the 16"" July of this year, without torture or iron bands, that he had a knowledge thereof; confessing that his servants with soldiers had so attempted, but contrary to order and command, whereof he, however, hath neither since nor before complained nor given any information, which is proof enough that he connived at, and silently assented to it: Moreover that he exacted and took by force

appears, however, by his own confession made in our presence, on the 16"" July of this year, without torture or iron bands, that he had a knowledge thereof; confessing that his servants with soldiers had so attempted, but contrary to order and command, whereof he, however, hath neither since nor before complained nor given any information, which is proof enough that he connived at, and silently assented to it: Moreover that he exacted and took by force

from the Indians, when they were hunting on Staten Island, a portion of their game, according to the sworn affidavit dated the last July A" 1G45; all which matters are of very dangerous consequence, tending to mutiny, defamation of justice and supreme authority, to force, [violence] and exaction. To this is also to be added, that he, Melyn, with one Jochim Pietersea Cuyter forged, conceived, drafted, and wrote on the 25"" October 1G44, in the name of the Eight Selectmen, a most false and calumnious letter and caused it to be transcribed and sent to the Hon"'' Chamber at Amsterdam, thereby clandestinely, most scandalously charging, defaming, criminating and accusing the Hon'''' Director Kieft then in loco their governor and superior, of divers grave and culpable errors, as is and can be further seen and read at length in the original, and in the authentic copy thereof. Which We and our Council having investigated and inquired into, at the request of said many points of false and Director Kieft, said calumnious letter has been found to consist in defamatory lies, as is apparent and proved by experience itself, by the testimony of others heard to the number of fifteen, also by the declaration and answers of the co-signers. Whereupon the Fiscal instituting criminal action and suit, charged, accused and convicted said Melya of having here committed in writing against the Hon'''* Director Kieft the crime of insult, defamation and falsehood, and consequently is declared guilty of LcsscB Majestalis.

Which We and our Council having investigated and inquired into, at the request of said many points of false and Director Kieft, said calumnious letter has been found to consist in defamatory lies, as is apparent and proved by experience itself, by the testimony of others heard to the number of fifteen, also by the declaration and answers of the co-signers. Whereupon the Fiscal instituting criminal action and suit, charged, accused and convicted said Melya of having here committed in writing against the Hon'''* Director Kieft the crime of insult, defamation and falsehood, and consequently is declared guilty of LcsscB Majestalis.

Which documents and proofs having been examined, investigated and inquired into by the Director General and Council, and everything material having been duly weighed, the case was found to be of very bad consequence, and ought and cannot be tolerated in a law abiding and well regulated government, but must be punished as an example to others. Wherefore, the Hon'''*' Petrus Stuyvesant, Director General, with the advice of h^s Council, name of the High and Mighty Lords States General, his Serene administering justice in the Highness the Lord Prince of Orange, and the Hon'''"' Directors of the General Incorporated West India Company, hath sentenced and condemned, as he doth hereby sentence and condemn, the aforesaid Cornells Melyn, to be banished for seven years from the district and jurisdiction of New Netherland, and also to depart by the first ship, revoking all previous granted benefits, actions and pretensions which he may have obtained, or yet claims from the Hon'"'" Directors; and, moreover, to pay a fine of three hundred Carolus guilders, to be applied, one-third for the Poor, one-third for the Fiscal, and one-third for the Church; dismissing the Fiscal's further demand. Thus done and enacted at the Assembly, in Fort Amsterdam, in New Netherland, the 25th July, A" 1647. (Signed) P.

Wherefore, the Hon'''*' Petrus Stuyvesant, Director General, with the advice of h^s Council, name of the High and Mighty Lords States General, his Serene administering justice in the Highness the Lord Prince of Orange, and the Hon'''"' Directors of the General Incorporated West India Company, hath sentenced and condemned, as he doth hereby sentence and condemn, the aforesaid Cornells Melyn, to be banished for seven years from the district and jurisdiction of New Netherland, and also to depart by the first ship, revoking all previous granted benefits, actions and pretensions which he may have obtained, or yet claims from the Hon'"'" Directors; and, moreover, to pay a fine of three hundred Carolus guilders, to be applied, one-third for the Poor, one-third for the Fiscal, and one-third for the Church; dismissing the Fiscal's further demand. Thus done and enacted at the Assembly, in Fort Amsterdam, in New Netherland, the 25th July, A" 1647. (Signed) P. Stuyvesant, L. van Dincklage, Brian Neuton, Paulus Leendertsen van der Grift, and Jan Claessen Bol. After having been collated, this is found to agree with its original, the 16"" of August, 1649, by me, in the absence of the Secretary. (Signed) Jacob Kieft, Clerk.

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS : V. 351

No. 4. Mandamus in case of the Appeal of Messrs. Ciiyler and Meli/n.

[ Omitted ; being already printed, supra, p. 250. ]

Endorsement on the ensealed Mandamus: -- The States General of the United Netherlands, To all those who shall see or hear this read, health. Be it known. That we, having looked into the further petition presented to us this day, in the name and on the behalf of Jochem Pietersen Cuyter and Cornells Melyn, our subjects and inhabitants in New Netherland, have enlarged, as we do hereby enlarge, the Mandamus on the other side hereof, to wit, that it may be served not only by a messenger, marshal, notary, but by such other person, either public or private, as the aforesaid petitioners together, or one of them, shall accept or permit.

That we, having looked into the further petition presented to us this day, in the name and on the behalf of Jochem Pietersen Cuyter and Cornells Melyn, our subjects and inhabitants in New Netherland, have enlarged, as we do hereby enlarge, the Mandamus on the other side hereof, to wit, that it may be served not only by a messenger, marshal, notary, but by such other person, either public or private, as the aforesaid petitioners together, or one of them, shall accept or permit. Charging and commanding all and every whom it may in any wise concern, to regulate themselves precisely conformably hereunto, the same as if the aforesaid augmentation had been inserted, word for word, in the Mandamus aforesaid. Done at the Hague, on the sixth of May, 1648. ( Signed ) T. van Gent, V. (Lower stood)

By order of the Most Illustrious Lords States General. (Signed) Corn' Musch. Further endorsement on the aforesaid copy. No. 4. Copy of their High Mightinesses' Mandamus in case of appeal against the sentence which Petrus Stuyvesant and his Council pronounced on the 25"' July 1647 in New Netherland on the Manhattans respectively against Jochem Pietersen Kuyter and Cornells Melyn.

No. 5. Slates General to the Director in New Netherland, and (mutatis mutandis) to the Administration there.

[Omitted; being already printed, supra, p. 249.]

No. 6. To Peter Stuyvesant, Director of New Netherland, the IQ"" May, 1648.

The Prince of Orange.

Honorable, prudent, and discreet, specially dear.

You will receive by the bearers hereof, Joachim Pietersen Kuyter and Cornells Melyn, the commands which the High and Mighty Lords States General have resolved to communicate to you, to the end that you allow these people to enjoy their property free and unmolested there, by virtue of provision of appeal granted by their High Mightinesses unto them, with

To Peter Stuyvesant, Director of New Netherland, the IQ"" May, 1648.

The Prince of Orange.

Honorable, prudent, and discreet, specially dear.

You will receive by the bearers hereof, Joachim Pietersen Kuyter and Cornells Melyn, the commands which the High and Mighty Lords States General have resolved to communicate to you, to the end that you allow these people to enjoy their property free and unmolested there, by virtue of provision of appeal granted by their High Mightinesses unto them, with

352 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. Inhibitory Clause respecting the sentence pronounced by you against them on the 25th July 1047; though we do not doubt but you will understand duly to respect and obey those commands, yet we are disposed earnestly to admonish you hereby, in addition, expressly notifying that you shall have to allow said petitioners, peaceably and without objection to enjoy the effect of their High Mightinesses' aforesaid resolution. And herewith, Honorable, &c. (Signed) William, Prince d'Orange. (Endorsed) Copy of his Highness' letter to Peter Stuyvesant Director in N. Netherland, 1G48, 19 May.

No. 7.

This day, 22"* May 1648, Cornells Melyn handed in to the Assembly of the Directors of the West India Company in Amsterdam, a sealed letter from their High Mightinesses the States General of the United Netherlands. Done the day as aforesaid. (Signed) Guysbert Rudolphy.

This day, the 2'^ January A" 1649, Cornelis Melyn handed to the Director General Petrus Stuyvesant and the Council of New Netherland, a letter from their High Mightinesses directed to the Hon"' Director & Council ; one from his Highness to the Director General exclusively, two letters from Mr. Capelle to the Director General only. Ady as above.

This day, 22"* May 1648, Cornells Melyn handed in to the Assembly of the Directors of the West India Company in Amsterdam, a sealed letter from their High Mightinesses the States General of the United Netherlands. Done the day as aforesaid. (Signed) Guysbert Rudolphy.

This day, the 2'^ January A" 1649, Cornelis Melyn handed to the Director General Petrus Stuyvesant and the Council of New Netherland, a letter from their High Mightinesses directed to the Hon"' Director & Council ; one from his Highness to the Director General exclusively, two letters from Mr. Capelle to the Director General only. Ady as above.

By order of the Hon"^ Director General and Council. (Signed) Corn" van Tienhoven, Secretary. (Endorsed) Receipt for the delivery by C. Melyn of their High Mightinesses' letters, &c., addressed to the Directors at the Amsterdam Chamber. Also to the Director and Council of New Netherland.

No. 8. On the 8"" of March, 1649, when the People were assembled in the Church by order of the Hon'''^ Director General Petrus Stuyvesant, Cornelis Melyn requested that the Mandamus granted by their High Mightinesses may be read and served there by the Nine Men, and that it may be read particularly by Arnoldus van Hardenbergh. Whereupon, alter some discussion and obtained consent, it followed that Cornelis Melyn handed the aforesaid Mandamus to the said Hardenbergh in order that he may read it. Then the General demanded. If he wished to have it served now Cornelis Melyn answered yes. "?

The General said. Then must have the copy and snatched the Mandamus from the I ;

On the 8"" of March, 1649, when the People were assembled in the Church by order of the Hon'''^ Director General Petrus Stuyvesant, Cornelis Melyn requested that the Mandamus granted by their High Mightinesses may be read and served there by the Nine Men, and that it may be read particularly by Arnoldus van Hardenbergh. Whereupon, alter some discussion and obtained consent, it followed that Cornelis Melyn handed the aforesaid Mandamus to the said Hardenbergh in order that he may read it. Then the General demanded. If he wished to have it served now Cornelis Melyn answered yes. "?

The General said. Then must have the copy and snatched the Mandamus from the I ;

abovenamed Hardenbergh's hands, so that their High Mightinesses' seal fell almost entirely off, hardly hanging to a small strip of parchment. Cornelis Melyn said, The copy is annexed to it; so that on the interposition of some persons, it was returned by the General. Then was it received and out of respect for their High Mightinesses the Noble Lords States General and

;

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS: V. 353 their Commission, read by me Arnold van Hnrdenbergh who summoned his Honor by virtue thereof, to appear, by the first opportunity, at the Hague before their High Mightinesses, there to hear such demand and conclusion as Cornells Melyn shall desire to institute or make against his Honor. Whereunto his Honor made answer, to the best of our recollection -- / honor the Slates and their Commission, and will obey their Comma7ids, and send an Agent to maintain the Judgment, as it was ivell and legally pronounced. I demanded to have the answer in writing, but the

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS: V. 353 their Commission, read by me Arnold van Hnrdenbergh who summoned his Honor by virtue thereof, to appear, by the first opportunity, at the Hague before their High Mightinesses, there to hear such demand and conclusion as Cornells Melyn shall desire to institute or make against his Honor. Whereunto his Honor made answer, to the best of our recollection -- / honor the Slates and their Commission, and will obey their Comma7ids, and send an Agent to maintain the Judgment, as it was ivell and legally pronounced. I demanded to have the answer in writing, but the

(leneral said. Whenever you deliver me an authentic copy of the Mandamus, I will give it to you. I then requested Secretary Tienhoven, there present, whose duty it was, to be pleased to do so and to authenticate it, but he refused to do so, saying, You may do it yourself, which I afterwards did, and should have placed it in the General's hands next day, but a rumor prevailed that the Indians had killed a Dutchman, and Melyn aforesaid had gone to Staten Island; so I brought his Honor the copy of the Mandamus first on the 15"" ditto, accompanied by Augustyn Heerman and Jacob van Couwenhoven, and then requested his Honor's answer in writing, but he refused it, saying. Their High Mightinesses' award I shall regard. Thus done and transacted on the day and date aforesaid, at the Manhattans in New Netherland. (Signed) Arnoldus van Hardenbergh. Augustyn Heerman, Witness. Jacob van Couwenhoven, Witness. (Endorsed) Certificate of the service made on Monday the S"" March 1649 on Director Petrus Stuyvesant, of their High Mightinesses' Mandamus in case of appeal in the matter of the judgment delivered the SS"" July 1647, in New Netherland, against Cornells Melyn ; by which will be seen Stuyvesant's disrespect of their High Mightinesses' Mandamus, and his tergiversation and all sorts of subterfuges, on frivolous and unfounded foundations.

Augustyn Heerman, Witness. Jacob van Couwenhoven, Witness. (Endorsed) Certificate of the service made on Monday the S"" March 1649 on Director Petrus Stuyvesant, of their High Mightinesses' Mandamus in case of appeal in the matter of the judgment delivered the SS"" July 1647, in New Netherland, against Cornells Melyn ; by which will be seen Stuyvesant's disrespect of their High Mightinesses' Mandamus, and his tergiversation and all sorts of subterfuges, on frivolous and unfounded foundations.

No. 9. It is now about seven months since I arrived here with their High Mightinesses' Mandamus

and Order, which, on the 8"" March, were served on you Petrus Stuyvesant, Director, and afterwards on the other members of the Court. Accordingly on the twentieth of March I demanded reintegration, pursuant to the tenor of the Mandamus, and observing neglect, on the 20"" June, insisted and at divers times applied verbally, for the most part, in these terms -- Pursuant to the Mandamus and your obligation to

honor their High Mightinesses and their Commission (I demand) reintegration and such satisfaction as that brings with it; I have now borne long enough with postpone. nent and fruitless promises; time is short and the vessels are making ready; if your Honor designs to make restitution or reparation, let it be done quickly, according to the tenor of the Mandamus if not, I hereby protest against you. And if your Honor intends to maintain what, if you have yet any conscience left, you cannot deny to be your Honor's pronounced sentence, you must appear personally, or by another qualified to represent you and will so stand and suffer aud bear what is charged against you, as if you were yourself there; you shall also permit the other member of the court, who

honor their High Mightinesses and their Commission (I demand) reintegration and such satisfaction as that brings with it; I have now borne long enough with postpone. nent and fruitless promises; time is short and the vessels are making ready; if your Honor designs to make restitution or reparation, let it be done quickly, according to the tenor of the Mandamus if not, I hereby protest against you. And if your Honor intends to maintain what, if you have yet any conscience left, you cannot deny to be your Honor's pronounced sentence, you must appear personally, or by another qualified to represent you and will so stand and suffer aud bear what is charged against you, as if you were yourself there; you shall also permit the other member of the court, who

Vol. I. 45

354 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS.

is subject to you, to depart in person, or some other individual for him ; for one delinquent cannot defend the other; and in case such be not done, 1 do hereby again protest. I demand, according to your Honor's promise, that all copies both of judgment, affidavits, acts and proceedings which have been heretofore refused, be seasonably furnished me, in order that I may also summon the deponents; for the affidavits which Mij'ii heer, or his like, take here

from their subjects, who must say what you please, are, in my opinion of no value and, as I, therefore, conclude, of no force in law. In case, then, all the documents proceedings and declarations, or one or any of them, which are to be used in law against me, are detained from me ; and in case they are refused me, and copies of the papers and documents are not furnished, as heretofore has been the case, I declare that I am deprived of, and excluded from the right

from their subjects, who must say what you please, are, in my opinion of no value and, as I, therefore, conclude, of no force in law. In case, then, all the documents proceedings and declarations, or one or any of them, which are to be used in law against me, are detained from me ; and in case they are refused me, and copies of the papers and documents are not furnished, as heretofore has been the case, I declare that I am deprived of, and excluded from the right

and proper means of justice and legal evidence, against rules and order to you well known. In like manner I do declare null, void, and of no effiict all acts, proceedings, affidavits and declarations whereof I have not obtained copies here, and of which use shall hereafter be made against me, being utterly unworthy of consideration on account of the suspicion of being acknowledged in bad faith and, thirdly, against you, Petrus Stuyvesant, Director, individually, ;

and against all the members of the Court generally, do I protest for and on account of all damage and losses already suffered or yet to arise, from the omission and neglect of orders and instructions to do what is right and their High Mightinesses command and expressly ;

order you, in case you do not repent, to wit, sincerely and indeed, and not in fine phrases, as has hitherto been your case. Dated Manahatans, New Netherland, this 29"' July, 1649. (Signed) Cornelis Melyn.

and against all the members of the Court generally, do I protest for and on account of all damage and losses already suffered or yet to arise, from the omission and neglect of orders and instructions to do what is right and their High Mightinesses command and expressly ;

order you, in case you do not repent, to wit, sincerely and indeed, and not in fine phrases, as has hitherto been your case. Dated Manahatans, New Netherland, this 29"' July, 1649. (Signed) Cornelis Melyn.

Answer to Cornelis Melyn's disrespectful Protest handed to my Wife, as she says, by Adriaen van der Donck and A. Hardenbergh.

We hear and see, but protest against the disrespectful discourtesies contained in the protest, especially against the seditious service of the Mandamus, at an unsuitable place, in the Church, and with much disparaging language in presence of the entire Commonalty. Nevertheless, we esteem the service valid, and say, as before, that we shall honor and regard whatever our Sovereigns will decide. We are no ways bound to restitution, since we have not received anything; nor to any reparation so long as the case is in appeal, and no additional injury done the protestor. We grant and allow him peaceable use of his lands and effects; what I have promised I shall perform; namely, to send an Attorney to hear, and to witness the confirmation or annulment what other officers, councillors, will do, whether to go or to stay, we leave at ;

their discretion and pleasure. Therein we have nothing to command ; neither does it quadrate with the tenor of the Mandamus. Who the delinquent is, God and the law have to decide. The protestor has never been refused copy of the judgment. The party must apply for the other papers in the suit and appear before the Judge who will have prudence and knowledge enough to decide what and which affidavits ought to be produced whether they have been legally taken before ;

Therein we have nothing to command ; neither does it quadrate with the tenor of the Mandamus. Who the delinquent is, God and the law have to decide. The protestor has never been refused copy of the judgment. The party must apply for the other papers in the suit and appear before the Judge who will have prudence and knowledge enough to decide what and which affidavits ought to be produced whether they have been legally taken before ;

Commissioners or whether they were given clandestinely and by inducement to affront and asperse the Judge, on which points tiie opinion of the protestor himself is of no avail. Of damage and losses we deem ourselves guiltless, since we do not oblige the protestor to pay

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS: V. 355

any costs, or to return anew to Fatherland. We give and grant him, pending the matter in appeal, the quiet possession and peaceable use of his lands, houses and property. Done Manhattans this P' August, 1049. (vSigned) P. Stuyvesant. (Endorsed) Protest on behalf of Cornells Melyn against Director Stuyvesant, and the Answer of Stuyvesant that he would send an Attorney; refuses the Protester's demand for copies of the papers to be used against him, as they must be applied for by the party.

No. 10. We, the undersigned, at the request of Cornells Melyn, and in virtue of certain Mandamus granted him by their High Mightinesses, did, on the sixteenth of March, 1G49, summon the Hon''''' Lubbert van Dincklage, Vice-Director of New Netherland, to appear by the first

Stuyvesant. (Endorsed) Protest on behalf of Cornells Melyn against Director Stuyvesant, and the Answer of Stuyvesant that he would send an Attorney; refuses the Protester's demand for copies of the papers to be used against him, as they must be applied for by the party.

No. 10. We, the undersigned, at the request of Cornells Melyn, and in virtue of certain Mandamus granted him by their High Mightinesses, did, on the sixteenth of March, 1G49, summon the Hon''''' Lubbert van Dincklage, Vice-Director of New Netherland, to appear by the first

opportunity at the Hague, before their High Mightinesses, there to hear such demand and make against him and copy of the aforesaid conclusion as Cornells Melyn shall institute or ;

Mandamus is left with the defendant. Whereunto he made answer: That he was led into error, and consequently induced to vote for such sentence, by not having communication of divers affidavits and other p:ipers and documents, which, as he now discovers, were essential to the defence of the condemned ; also,

by its being resolved, at the meeting of Director Stuyvesant and other persons, called to the Council for that occasion, that Jochem Pietersen Kuyter and Cornells Melyn, were not qualified, and therefore had no power to write about public afiairs; whilst affidavits and papers tending to their prejudice and injury, were, on the contrary, duly exhibited to him in the council. Done as above, on the Manhatans, in New Netherland, etc. (Signed) Arnoldus van Hardenbergh. Adriaen van der Donck. (Endorsed) Anno 1649, 16 March. Return of service made on Lubbert van Dincklage, Vice-Director of their High Mightinesses' Mandamus, in case of appeal from the sentence pronounced in New Netherland, on l?'"" July, 1647, against Jochem Pietersen Kuyter and Cornells Melyn. Whereunto he made answer that he was deceived: -- 1° That he had not communication of divers papers essential to the defence of those

Done as above, on the Manhatans, in New Netherland, etc. (Signed) Arnoldus van Hardenbergh. Adriaen van der Donck. (Endorsed) Anno 1649, 16 March. Return of service made on Lubbert van Dincklage, Vice-Director of their High Mightinesses' Mandamus, in case of appeal from the sentence pronounced in New Netherland, on l?'"" July, 1647, against Jochem Pietersen Kuyter and Cornells Melyn. Whereunto he made answer that he was deceived: -- 1° That he had not communication of divers papers essential to the defence of those

condemned. 2'' That Director Stuyvesant and others called by him to the Council for that occasion, resolved that Joachim Pietersen Kuyter and Cornells Melyn, were not qualified to write on public affairs. 3'* That he was misled and brought to vote for the aforesaid sentence by affidavits produced in court, prejudicial to the condemned persons.

No. 11. On the le"- March, 1649, at the request of Cornells Melyn, and in virtue of certain Mandamus granted him by their High Mightinesses, have I, the undersigned, in presence of Adriaen van der Donck and Jacob van Couwenhoven, summoned the following persons to

356 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. appear at the Hague before their High Mightinesses, by the first opportunity, there to hear and answer such demand and conclusion as Cornelis Melyn shall then make or institute against them, viz' -- 1" Monsieur -- La Monlagne: And his answer was that Cornelis Melyn should first give reasons for summoning him, and he should then communicate his answer. Done as above, on the Manhattans, in New Netherland. 2° Brian Nuton, Captain Lieutenant: And he gave for answer -- he did not understand it

356 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. appear at the Hague before their High Mightinesses, by the first opportunity, there to hear and answer such demand and conclusion as Cornelis Melyn shall then make or institute against them, viz' -- 1" Monsieur -- La Monlagne: And his answer was that Cornelis Melyn should first give reasons for summoning him, and he should then communicate his answer. Done as above, on the Manhattans, in New Netherland. 2° Brian Nuton, Captain Lieutenant: And he gave for answer -- he did not understand it

and will answer to-morrow. Done as above. S"* Panlus Lfinihrlsrn: And he gave for answer -- that he will appear, or send an attorney, provided Cornelis Melyn give security here in this place, for the costs which will accrue thereon. Done as above. 4""Abraham Plancke: And he made answer -- that he knew nothing about when the war commenced. Tlius done, on the day and date as above and left copy of the aforesaid Mandamus for the ;

benefit of the defendants, in presence of the undersigned witnesses, at the Manhattans, in New Netherland. (Signed) Arnoldus van Hardenbergh. Adeiaen van der Donck. Jacob van Kouwenhoven. (Endorsed) Return of service, made the 16"" March, 1649, on the undernamed persons, in virtue of their High Mightinesses Mandamus, in case of appeal on the judgment pronounced on the 25"^ July, 1047, against Cornelis Melyn who made answer as foUoweth ; : -- Jean La Montague, demands cause of summons, and he would then answer. Brian Nuton, Captain Lieutenant, does not understand it, and will answer to-morrow. Paulus Leendersen, that he will send an attorney or appear himself, when Melyn will give security there for the costs. Abraham Plancke, one of those who had signed the petition to make war on the Indians, says; he knew nothing about when the war began.

Jacob van Kouwenhoven. (Endorsed) Return of service, made the 16"" March, 1649, on the undernamed persons, in virtue of their High Mightinesses Mandamus, in case of appeal on the judgment pronounced on the 25"^ July, 1047, against Cornelis Melyn who made answer as foUoweth ; : -- Jean La Montague, demands cause of summons, and he would then answer. Brian Nuton, Captain Lieutenant, does not understand it, and will answer to-morrow. Paulus Leendersen, that he will send an attorney or appear himself, when Melyn will give security there for the costs. Abraham Plancke, one of those who had signed the petition to make war on the Indians, says; he knew nothing about when the war began.

No. 12. On the sixteenth of March, did I, the undersigned, accompanied by Adriaen van der Danck and Jacob van Couwenhoven, at the request of Cornelis Melyn, and in virtue of certain Mandamus granted him by their High Mightinesses, summon the Fiscal, Hendrick van Dyck, to appear, by the first opportunity, before High Mightinesses, at the Hague, and their there to hear such demand and conclusion as Cornelis Melyn shall make or institute against him, and left copy of aforesaid .\Lindamus for tiie behoof of the defendant. Whereunto he wrote to me as follows -- Henrick van Dyck, Fiscal of New JVetherland, in answer to the Mandamus, served on him by me, at the request of Cornelis Melyn, says, that he is not a purty in the suit. Thus given, in the presence of the undersigned witnesses, dated as above. Anno 1649, at the Manhattans, in New Netherland. (Signed) Aknoldus van Hardenbergh. Adrian van der Donk. Jacob van Kouwenhoven.

On the sixteenth of March, did I, the undersigned, accompanied by Adriaen van der Danck and Jacob van Couwenhoven, at the request of Cornelis Melyn, and in virtue of certain Mandamus granted him by their High Mightinesses, summon the Fiscal, Hendrick van Dyck, to appear, by the first opportunity, before High Mightinesses, at the Hague, and their there to hear such demand and conclusion as Cornelis Melyn shall make or institute against him, and left copy of aforesaid .\Lindamus for tiie behoof of the defendant. Whereunto he wrote to me as follows -- Henrick van Dyck, Fiscal of New JVetherland, in answer to the Mandamus, served on him by me, at the request of Cornelis Melyn, says, that he is not a purty in the suit. Thus given, in the presence of the undersigned witnesses, dated as above. Anno 1649, at the Manhattans, in New Netherland. (Signed) Aknoldus van Hardenbergh. Adrian van der Donk. Jacob van Kouwenhoven.

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS : V. 357 (Endorsed) Jleturn of service of their High Mightinesses Mandamus, in the case of appeal on llie judgment pronouced against Cornelis Melyn, made on Fiscal Hendrick van Dyck, who instituted tiie suit, A" 1647. Whose answer was: -- Anno 1649, March 16. He was not a party to the suit.

No. 13. On the 23"^ March, 1649, did we, the undersigned, at the request of Cornelis Melyn, and in virtue of certain Mandamus granted unto him by their High Mightinesses, summon Secretary Cornelis van Tienhoven, to appear by the first opportunity, before their High

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS : V. 357 (Endorsed) Jleturn of service of their High Mightinesses Mandamus, in the case of appeal on llie judgment pronouced against Cornelis Melyn, made on Fiscal Hendrick van Dyck, who instituted tiie suit, A" 1647. Whose answer was: -- Anno 1649, March 16. He was not a party to the suit.

No. 13. On the 23"^ March, 1649, did we, the undersigned, at the request of Cornelis Melyn, and in virtue of certain Mandamus granted unto him by their High Mightinesses, summon Secretary Cornelis van Tienhoven, to appear by the first opportunity, before their High

Mightinesses, at the Hague, there to hear such demand and conclusion as Cornelis Melyn, on the occasion, shall Tienhoven refused to answer thereunto institute; but the aforesaid and to accept the copy of aforesaid Mandamus, until he should see that we had special and written order from Cornelis Melyn to summon him. And as we had it not with us, we brought it to him on the next morning, with copy of aforesaid Mandamus; tiien the aforesaid Secretary, said that he would give us his answer in writing; in the afternoon but we did not get it. We applied to him for it repeatedly ;

afterwards, but could never obtain any correct information in answer, as he always sought evasions and delays. Finally, he said he would not give any. So that we took no farther action, after that, in the matter. The 25th May, 1649, at the Manhattans, in New Netherland. (Signed) Arnoldus van Hardenbergh. Adriaen van der Donck. (Endorsed) Return of the service of their High Mightinesses' Mandamus in case of appeal from the sentence pronounced on Cornelis Melyn the 25"' July, 1647, in New Netherland, made on Cornelis van Tienhoven Secretary, the 23 March and 25 May, 1649. Tienhoven refuses to make any answer to it.

So that we took no farther action, after that, in the matter. The 25th May, 1649, at the Manhattans, in New Netherland. (Signed) Arnoldus van Hardenbergh. Adriaen van der Donck. (Endorsed) Return of the service of their High Mightinesses' Mandamus in case of appeal from the sentence pronounced on Cornelis Melyn the 25"' July, 1647, in New Netherland, made on Cornelis van Tienhoven Secretary, the 23 March and 25 May, 1649. Tienhoven refuses to make any answer to it.

No. 14. On the 23'' March, 1649, did I, the undersigned, at the request of Cornelis Melyn, and in virtue of certain Mandamus granted by their High Mightinesses unto him, summon Jan Jansen Damen in the presence of Adriaen van der Donck, to appear by the first opportunity before their High Mightinesses at the Hague, there to hear such demand and conclusion, as Cornelis Melyn shall have occasion to institute. Whereupon the aforesaid Jan Damen gave for answer, that whenever Cornelis Melyn exhibited to him their High Mightinesses' order wherein his name appeared, that he then is perfectly ready to come whether by night or by day provided he (to wit, Melyn) give security ;

for the loss and damages to be incurred thereby. Thus done on the day and date aforesaid at the Manhattans in New Netherland, (Signed) Arnoldus van Hardenbergh. Adriaen van der Donck.

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358 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. (Endorsed) Return of the service and summons made on Jan Jansen Damen, on the 23'' March, 1649, in virtue of their High Mightinesses' Mandamus in case of appeal from the sentence pronounced in New Netheriand, on 25"' July, 1G49, against Cornells Melyn. 1649, 23 March. Answer: Is ready to come whenever he is served with their High Mightinesses' Mandamus, containing his name, and Melyn gives security for the costs.

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358 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. (Endorsed) Return of the service and summons made on Jan Jansen Damen, on the 23'' March, 1649, in virtue of their High Mightinesses' Mandamus in case of appeal from the sentence pronounced in New Netheriand, on 25"' July, 1G49, against Cornells Melyn. 1649, 23 March. Answer: Is ready to come whenever he is served with their High Mightinesses' Mandamus, containing his name, and Melyn gives security for the costs.

No. 15. We the undersigned, Lubbertus van Dincklage and Johannes la Montagne, declare that a petition was delivered to the Director and Council at the meeting in Fort Amsterdam in New Netheriand from Jacobus Loper, late Captain Lieutenant at Curasao, requesting permit to trade and barter, along with other freemen, in the South river of New Netheriand, and that the Hon'''^ Director said -- He had received express orders from his superiors to keep an eye on Melyn. The Council demanded -- Shall the sins of the father then be visited on the son ? The Director said further, It cannot be otherwise this time; he shall not go. We declare the above to be true and trustworthy on our manly troth in place of oath which, if necessary, we shall tender. This 10"" August, 1649. Manhatans, New Amsterdam, New Netheriand. (Signed) L. van Dincklage. La Montagne. (Endorsed) Declaration of Vice-director Lubbert van Dincklage and La Montagne, from which it

appears That Director Stuyvesant said he had received express orders from his Masters to have an eye on Melyn, which Stuyvesant stretched so far as to refuse a license to trade to Jacob Loper ex-Captain Lieutenant and son-in-law of Melyn.

We declare the above to be true and trustworthy on our manly troth in place of oath which, if necessary, we shall tender. This 10"" August, 1649. Manhatans, New Amsterdam, New Netheriand. (Signed) L. van Dincklage. La Montagne. (Endorsed) Declaration of Vice-director Lubbert van Dincklage and La Montagne, from which it

appears That Director Stuyvesant said he had received express orders from his Masters to have an eye on Melyn, which Stuyvesant stretched so far as to refuse a license to trade to Jacob Loper ex-Captain Lieutenant and son-in-law of Melyn.

No. 16. This day the 10"" December Anno 16J9 before me Cornells Toun, resident of Amsterdam and admitted Notary public by the Court of Holland, in presence of the undersigned witnesses, appeared William Hendricks, aged 42 years, residing at Weesp, who, at the request of Cornells Melyn residing in New Netheriand, on Staten Island, testifies, declares and attests by true words, in place and under offer, of solemn oath, that it is true that he, the witness, being in the latter part of the year 1640, on the island called the Manhatans, also situated in New Netheriand, was engaged by the month, by William Kieft, Commander of New Netheriand, to distil Brandy, and at the house of the requirant in this case. That he, witness, accordingly in the beginning of December of the aforesaid year 1640, did begin to distil Brandy at the requirant's house, but having continued therein six or seven months, he, the witness, must give up that work, as the aforesaid Kieft and the requirant found it expedient to let the Brandy be. He further declares that the aforesaid Commander Kieft himself paid and made good to him, witness, his wages at five and twenty guilders per month, and that he, witness, did, also, during the six or seven months aforesaid, convey some kegs of brandy and other liquors from said Staten Island to the Manhathans, and delivered the same to the aforesaid Commander Kieft.

That he, witness, accordingly in the beginning of December of the aforesaid year 1640, did begin to distil Brandy at the requirant's house, but having continued therein six or seven months, he, the witness, must give up that work, as the aforesaid Kieft and the requirant found it expedient to let the Brandy be. He further declares that the aforesaid Commander Kieft himself paid and made good to him, witness, his wages at five and twenty guilders per month, and that he, witness, did, also, during the six or seven months aforesaid, convey some kegs of brandy and other liquors from said Staten Island to the Manhathans, and delivered the same to the aforesaid Commander Kieft.

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS: V. 359 All truly done at Amsterdam, in the presence of Hannen Harmensen Cruyer and Cryn Cornelissen, mason, witnesses, who have likewise signed, with the aforesaid deponent, the original minute hereof remaining with me notary, Quod attestor (Signed) C. Tou Notar. Publ. (Endorsed) Declaration of William Hendricksen for Cornells Melyn, in opposition to the denial of William Kieft, that the deponent distilled brandy for C. Melyn and Kieft in Company.

All these aforesaid acts and declarations have I, the undersigned Notary, found, after comparison to agree with their originals; at the Hague the 5"" February A°. 1650. Me teste. (Signed) M. Beeckman, Notar Publ.

Resolution of the States General, referring the preceding papers.

[ From the Kegiater of Weal India Affairs, 1633--1651, in the Enyal Archives at the Hague. ]

Tuesday, S"' February, 1650. Folio B29. The petition of Cornelis Melyn, patroon on Staten Island in New Netherland, is after previous deliberation placed, with the pieces thereunto annexed, in the Cornelia Melyn.

All these aforesaid acts and declarations have I, the undersigned Notary, found, after comparison to agree with their originals; at the Hague the 5"" February A°. 1650. Me teste. (Signed) M. Beeckman, Notar Publ.

Resolution of the States General, referring the preceding papers.

[ From the Kegiater of Weal India Affairs, 1633--1651, in the Enyal Archives at the Hague. ]

Tuesday, S"' February, 1650. Folio B29. The petition of Cornelis Melyn, patroon on Staten Island in New Netherland, is after previous deliberation placed, with the pieces thereunto annexed, in the Cornelia Melyn.

hands of Mess" van Aertsbergen and other their High Mightinesses' Deputies for the West India Company's affairs, in order to inspect and examine them, and to hear again and again the petitioner and Secretary Cornelis van Tienhoven actually here at the Hague, and to render a report of the whole to their High Mightinesses.

Secretary van Tienhoven''s Observations on the Boundary and Colonization of New Netherland. [ From the Original in the Eoyal Archivea at the Hague Locketkas of the States General ; ; Division, West ItidisOu! Compagnte, No. 30 ; 8th division of the liundle. ]

Observations on the settlement of the boundary, and on the colonization of New Netherland. Furnished 22** February, 1650.

The settlement of the boundary is highly necessary, in order to avoid, in future, all difficulties with those of New England and Virginia ; it will also promote the quiet of the Dutch Nation in New Netherland, as many would be thereby encouraged to undertake Colonies, Bouweries and Plantations, in that country. This settlement of the boundary was, in my opinion, not easy to be obtained before the present time, in consequence of the troubles in England ; the rather, as those of Virginia declare for Charles the Second, and those of New England for the Parliament.

The settlement of the boundary is highly necessary, in order to avoid, in future, all difficulties with those of New England and Virginia ; it will also promote the quiet of the Dutch Nation in New Netherland, as many would be thereby encouraged to undertake Colonies, Bouweries and Plantations, in that country. This settlement of the boundary was, in my opinion, not easy to be obtained before the present time, in consequence of the troubles in England ; the rather, as those of Virginia declare for Charles the Second, and those of New England for the Parliament.

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360 NEW-YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. In order then to block the further progress of the English, I would suggest (under correction), that we should provisionally set about hitching on to New Nelherland tlie most distant lands lying between the Dutch Nation and the English, which are yet vacant and in no one's possession, by the occupation thereof in manner hereinafter described. 1st. Having been plainly tricked by the English out of the Fresh River, notwithstanding a block iiouse, called the Hope, had been erected 21 leagues up the river, in the year 1633, long before the English had been there, -- a sign of first and earliest possession -- nothing could, at first, be done in that quarter, except to repair said house, the Hope, and keep it as heretofore occupied by a suitable garrison, for the purpose of maintaining prior possession of the most remote boundary. 2nd.The village of Greenwich belonging to their High Mightinesses', being the furthest place where the Director and Council exercise authority, in the name of their High Mightinesses the States General and of the West India Company, is separated from the English village Stamford, by a small stream so that the English along the main north coast ;

Having been plainly tricked by the English out of the Fresh River, notwithstanding a block iiouse, called the Hope, had been erected 21 leagues up the river, in the year 1633, long before the English had been there, -- a sign of first and earliest possession -- nothing could, at first, be done in that quarter, except to repair said house, the Hope, and keep it as heretofore occupied by a suitable garrison, for the purpose of maintaining prior possession of the most remote boundary. 2nd.The village of Greenwich belonging to their High Mightinesses', being the furthest place where the Director and Council exercise authority, in the name of their High Mightinesses the States General and of the West India Company, is separated from the English village Stamford, by a small stream so that the English along the main north coast ;

cannot approach nearer New Nelherland, without being obliged to settle between Greenwich and New Amsterdam, where there is an interval of about seven leagues of country And to :

prevent that. Director Stuyvesant purchased these lands last summer from the native and rigiit owners thereof, and paid for them, on account of the West India Company. 3d. For the security of the beautiful North river, on which New Amsterdam stands, it would not be unwise to take possession first of the land situate on the west bank of the East river, between Greenwich and New Amsterdam, establishing villages, bouweries and plantations

there ; this done, there need be no dread of the further progress of the English on that side, and the North river, whence most of the peltries are brought down, would also be protected. The North river is about eight leagues west of the East river at Greenwich. 4th. Long Island which extends in length from the heights opposite Staten Island, is washed on the south side by the Great Ocean ; on the north, by the East river, which divides it from New Amsterdam and the aforementioned lands.

there ; this done, there need be no dread of the further progress of the English on that side, and the North river, whence most of the peltries are brought down, would also be protected. The North river is about eight leagues west of the East river at Greenwich. 4th. Long Island which extends in length from the heights opposite Staten Island, is washed on the south side by the Great Ocean ; on the north, by the East river, which divides it from New Amsterdam and the aforementioned lands. It is full thirty leagues long from the west to

the northeastern point, and at the west end and further eastward 4, 8, 12 and 15 leagues 2,

broad. It is the levelest and finest soil in New Netherland very well adapted for agriculture ;

and the rearing of all sorts of cattle; furnished with beautiful valleys, navigable harbors, rivers and bays, the chief of which are Hempstead bay, Martin Gerritsen's bay. Oyster bay, the Cromme gouw,' being a considerable inland sea,^ (Iwhose shores are inhabited by Indians,) and inwhich are various other fair and fertile islands. The greatest part of the Wampum, for which the furs are traded, is manufactured there by the Natives. The English of the Colony of New Haven settled two villages at the bight of the aforesaid inland sea, about three leagues from the East point of said Island ; one called Southampton, containing about 10 @^ 12 houses, [the other] Southold, about 30 houses. The undernamed towns are planted on said Island, and are all under the jurisdiction of their High Mightinesses the Lords States General of the United Netherlands, viz' Hemsteede, Gravesend, Flushing, Amersfoort, and Breukelen, with divers bouweries and plantations. The further progress of the English on Long Island would, in my opinion, under correction be prevented and estopped, without the settlement of the boundary, by the following means:

The English of the Colony of New Haven settled two villages at the bight of the aforesaid inland sea, about three leagues from the East point of said Island ; one called Southampton, containing about 10 @^ 12 houses, [the other] Southold, about 30 houses. The undernamed towns are planted on said Island, and are all under the jurisdiction of their High Mightinesses the Lords States General of the United Netherlands, viz' Hemsteede, Gravesend, Flushing, Amersfoort, and Breukelen, with divers bouweries and plantations. The further progress of the English on Long Island would, in my opinion, under correction be prevented and estopped, without the settlement of the boundary, by the following means:

' The Crooked country or district. ' Gardiner's bay. -- Ed.

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS: V. 361 First, by purchasing from tlie natives tlie lands situate on tlie East point of Long Island, not already bought; that done, by taking possession of the East point which is al)oul tiiree leagues from Southampton, and by securing its possession, at first by a Redoubt and a small garrison, or settling it by means of a Colonie. The west point of the aforesaid sea being taken possession of in like manner, the villages of Southampton and Southold would be shut in ; after this is accomplished, Siketeu Hacky, Oyster bay and Martin Gerritsen's bay must also be taken possession of. The whole of Long Island would be thereby secured to New Netherland, and the design of the English in regard to the domination of said convenient harbors, be rendered fruitless and null.

The west point of the aforesaid sea being taken possession of in like manner, the villages of Southampton and Southold would be shut in ; after this is accomplished, Siketeu Hacky, Oyster bay and Martin Gerritsen's bay must also be taken possession of. The whole of Long Island would be thereby secured to New Netherland, and the design of the English in regard to the domination of said convenient harbors, be rendered fruitless and null.

The South river, situate thirty leagues south of the Great Bay of the North river, as computed along the coast, has and frequented by the Dutch more than been possessed twenty-eight years before any foreign nation had been there. Ten years ago the Swedes lined said river with four forts, and, by means thereof, endeavor to seize on the entire river. The further progress of the Swedes, could be prevented and neutralized by planting a Colonie at Swanendael, otherwise called the Whorekill, on the west side of the Bay another ;

on the east side; and one on the west bank, at the Company's Redoubt, named Beversreede, about seven leagues above Fort Crislina. This being done, the Swedes could not take up any more land, either above or below, nor extend their pretended jurisdiction any farther. No difference has arisen between the Dutch and the English of Virginia on the subject of boundary, because they have not owned what we, Netherlanders, possess. However, it would not be impolitic to determine the boundary between Virginia and New Netherland, so that all future misunderstandings and differences on this head may be prevented. The settlement of the boundary by possession can never be effected, except by sending out working people and disbursing money necessary for such work and in order to encourage ;

No difference has arisen between the Dutch and the English of Virginia on the subject of boundary, because they have not owned what we, Netherlanders, possess. However, it would not be impolitic to determine the boundary between Virginia and New Netherland, so that all future misunderstandings and differences on this head may be prevented. The settlement of the boundary by possession can never be effected, except by sending out working people and disbursing money necessary for such work and in order to encourage ;

those who are able to make disbursements, firm and permanent privileges should be granted, consistent with the right accruing from the charter granted to the West India Company.

For the conveyance of farmers and their families, and of handicraftsmen, are required: -- A large fly-boat of 200 lasts, which would be chartered for the voyage out, for 6000. fl.

A vessel of 200 lasts, would probably carry over 250 persons, exclusive of the ships crew; they would require for food, for the voyage, each at least 30 guilders, fl. 7500. Every 250 farmers would require a superintendent. A clergyman; or, in his place provisionally, a Comforter of the sick, who could also act as schoolmaster. A surgeon, provided with medicines. A blacksmith, who is conversant with the treatment of horses and cattle. Three or four house-carpenters, who can lay brick. One cooper. ,

One wheelwright. Other tradesmen, such as tailors and shoemakers, follow with time. A necessary supply of munitions of war, for the defence of the Colonists, in case of misunderstanding with the natives.

A clergyman; or, in his place provisionally, a Comforter of the sick, who could also act as schoolmaster. A surgeon, provided with medicines. A blacksmith, who is conversant with the treatment of horses and cattle. Three or four house-carpenters, who can lay brick. One cooper. ,

One wheelwright. Other tradesmen, such as tailors and shoemakers, follow with time. A necessary supply of munitions of war, for the defence of the Colonists, in case of misunderstanding with the natives.

Vol. I. 46

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362 NEW-YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. Farming implements, such as axes, adzes, mattocks, spades, rope, ploughsliares, &c. These people arriving in New Netherland would require to be victualed for at least a year; for little produce is to be expected the second year, from the newly cultivated land. It is not

necessary to send the food from Europe, since it can be supplied by the Dutch and the English. Oil and vinegar alone must come from here. Cattle, such as horses, cows, hogs, need not be sent from this place, in consequence of the great expense, as they can be be got at a reasonable price from the Dutch, and principally among the English, who have plenty of them. The foregoing is what I, with all submission, briefly, and according to my imperfect knowledge, communicate on paper to your High Mightinesses on the subject of the settlement of the Boundaries by possession, such as peopling it with one or more Colonies in New Netherland. I pray the All-wise God, to preside over your High Mightinesses' Assembly, and to be pleased to permit your resolutions to redound to the honor of his name, the prosperity of his Church and to the peace of your High Mightinesses' subjects. Done at the Hague, the 22'' February, Anno 1650. Your High Mightinesses' subject, (Signed) Cornelis van Tienhoven.

The foregoing is what I, with all submission, briefly, and according to my imperfect knowledge, communicate on paper to your High Mightinesses on the subject of the settlement of the Boundaries by possession, such as peopling it with one or more Colonies in New Netherland. I pray the All-wise God, to preside over your High Mightinesses' Assembly, and to be pleased to permit your resolutions to redound to the honor of his name, the prosperity of his Church and to the peace of your High Mightinesses' subjects. Done at the Hague, the 22'' February, Anno 1650. Your High Mightinesses' subject, (Signed) Cornelis van Tienhoven.

Plan for the Colonization of New Netherland.

[ From the M8. In the Eoyal Archives at the Hagoe Loketkas of the States General ; ; Eubric West Inditche Cmnpagnie No. 80; 8lh dlrlslon of the Bundle.]

New Netherland. The Directors deputed by the West India Company do not deem it expedient to conjointly advise your High Mightinesses in the present instance on the affairs of New Netherland, and the places thereunto belonging, inasmuch as the superintendence thereof has hitherto been with the Chamber at Amsterdam, which, also specially declares its opinion thereupon, as to the manner that superintendence ought to be directed in future for the greatest advantage. The other Chambers have merely requested copy thereof, to be communicated to their constituents, with the understanding, however, that the aforesaid Amsterdam Chamber shall, meanwhile, remain and continue invested with the aforesaid superintendence, and provisionally put in practice, as far as possible, the following advice :

The Directors deputed by the West India Company do not deem it expedient to conjointly advise your High Mightinesses in the present instance on the affairs of New Netherland, and the places thereunto belonging, inasmuch as the superintendence thereof has hitherto been with the Chamber at Amsterdam, which, also specially declares its opinion thereupon, as to the manner that superintendence ought to be directed in future for the greatest advantage. The other Chambers have merely requested copy thereof, to be communicated to their constituents, with the understanding, however, that the aforesaid Amsterdam Chamber shall, meanwhile, remain and continue invested with the aforesaid superintendence, and provisionally put in practice, as far as possible, the following advice :

Provisional Plan for the Trade, Colonizatian and advantage of New Netherland, and of the Island of Curasao, Bonayro and Aruba, dependent on the said government.

Which places have been managed exclusively by the Chamber of Amsterdam from the year 1645 up to the date hereof, although it was resolved in the Assembly of the XIX., on the 6"" July of the same year, that they should be under the superintendence of the Chambers in common. With this view, an estimate was computed of the expense of Director Stuyvesant's

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS: V. .

outfit,which was divided according to the quota to be furnished by each Chamber respectively. In the meantime, the Chamber at Amsterdam undertooli. to fit out at its own cost two ships, namely the Princcsse and Groote Ge/rit. Afterwards, however, in October following, at the meeting of the XIX., in Zealand, it happened that some Chambers found it difficult to share the expense, and thus this superintendence has remained exclusively to this date with the Chamber at Amsterdam. Again, the Committee of the Amsterdam Chamber considered 'twould be better that those countries should remain bound to all the Chambers in common, but as trading to these places in rotation could not conveniently be carried into execution, the Commissioners, subject to a better decision, were of opinion, that^t would be best, that the outfitting should remain with the Amsterdam Chamber, and be done through its Commissioners, to be appointed for that

Afterwards, however, in October following, at the meeting of the XIX., in Zealand, it happened that some Chambers found it difficult to share the expense, and thus this superintendence has remained exclusively to this date with the Chamber at Amsterdam. Again, the Committee of the Amsterdam Chamber considered 'twould be better that those countries should remain bound to all the Chambers in common, but as trading to these places in rotation could not conveniently be carried into execution, the Commissioners, subject to a better decision, were of opinion, that^t would be best, that the outfitting should remain with the Amsterdam Chamber, and be done through its Commissioners, to be appointed for that

purpose, to whom likewise all returns must be consigned under bond that they be responsible to the respective Chambers, to appropriate to each its contingent proportion. Now, in order to be able properly to provide good order and necessaries for those coasts, and to supply them with troops for the defence of the four forts in New Netherland and one at Curasao, we consider that the garrisoning of the first four requires 100 men under the command of sub-officers, as the country is at peace ; 12 soldiers only need be sent to the last place under a commander at low wages. To carry out the above, we judge the sumoffl to be necessary. As the respective Chambers might consider this amount burdensome, it must be decided whether it shall be raised on interest at 4 per cent, pledging for both principal and interest all the effects and coming thence, together with the whole Territory still belonging to returns the Company, and not conveyed to Colonists; and especially the Island of Manhatans. As the islands of Curasao, Bonaire and Aruba have been found for many years to be only a burden to the Company, not producing any profit, we have, therefore, considered whether it would not be well to request permission of the Supreme government to give up said Islands: but if such were not feasible, 'twould, in our opinion, be best, to permit every one to establish Colonies on said Islands, to distribute and concede the land free of rent, and to allow all to

As the islands of Curasao, Bonaire and Aruba have been found for many years to be only a burden to the Company, not producing any profit, we have, therefore, considered whether it would not be well to request permission of the Supreme government to give up said Islands: but if such were not feasible, 'twould, in our opinion, be best, to permit every one to establish Colonies on said Islands, to distribute and concede the land free of rent, and to allow all to

cut Logwood on paying a duty of ; that every one, no matter of what nation, shall be at liberty to bring from said Island, as many horses and as much salt as he may think. proper on payment of duty, namely, for the horses fl per head ; and for each ^as^ofsaltfl ; provided neither horses nor salt be conveyed to any other place than New Netherland. As for the last mentioned country, we consider little or no change necessary in regard to Colonists who have planted Colonies there already, but to permit them to enjoy the Freedoms granted on the in the year 1630. But as those Colonists formerly complained that they were not allowed to export the products of their' lands for their own benefit beyond the territory of New Netherland, they were permitted to export such produce in their own ships to Brazil, on condition that they should not return thence to New Netherland again with any Brazilian products. This should in our opinion be enlarged so that said Traders on disposing of their produce ;

As for the last mentioned country, we consider little or no change necessary in regard to Colonists who have planted Colonies there already, but to permit them to enjoy the Freedoms granted on the in the year 1630. But as those Colonists formerly complained that they were not allowed to export the products of their' lands for their own benefit beyond the territory of New Netherland, they were permitted to export such produce in their own ships to Brazil, on condition that they should not return thence to New Netherland again with any Brazilian products. This should in our opinion be enlarged so that said Traders on disposing of their produce ;

and crops in any of the Company's districts, shall be privileged to come back with their ships and returns to the place whence they sailed, on condition of paying the duties to be imposed thereon.

;

364 . NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS.

Also, tliat the Inhabitants of New Netherland shall be at liberty to purchase Negroes wheresoever they may think necessary, except the coast of Guinea, and bring them into New Netherland to work on their bouweries, on payment of a duty of fl per head. . . . .

We should above, all things consider it necessary to provide ways and means ; we are of opinion that permission should be obtained from the Magistrates of some Provinces and Cities, to take from the alms-houses or orphan asylums 300 (ai 400 boys and girls of 10, 12 to 15 years of age, with their consent, however, and that their passage and board could be procured for fl. 50 or 60 per head. With that recognition a large ship might be chartered, suitable for the conveyance of horses and salt from Curasao and afterwards return hither with a cargo of Logwood.

We should above, all things consider it necessary to provide ways and means ; we are of opinion that permission should be obtained from the Magistrates of some Provinces and Cities, to take from the alms-houses or orphan asylums 300 (ai 400 boys and girls of 10, 12 to 15 years of age, with their consent, however, and that their passage and board could be procured for fl. 50 or 60 per head. With that recognition a large ship might be chartered, suitable for the conveyance of horses and salt from Curasao and afterwards return hither with a cargo of Logwood. It must be, further, declared that said children shall not remain bound to their masters for a longer term than 6 or 7 years, unless being girls, they come, meanwhile, to marry, in which event they should have the option of hiring again with their masters or mistresses, or of remaining wholly at liberty and of settling there, on condition that they be allowed so much land as the Director shall consider it proper each should have for the support of her family, free from all rents and exemptions for the term of 10 years after entering on such land but the inhabitants shall have, after the lapse of the aforesaid term of years, the tenth of their incomes. Now, it will be in the highest degree necessary, to endeavor some settlement of Boundary with the English on any terms whatsoever; and as no opportunity might offer for the negotiation of any Boundary line either in the name of King or Parliament, or of existing Powers, in in the government of England, we should not deem it consequence of violent interruptions unwise to empower the Director to agree provisionally, with our neighbors the English on some line of Boundary, for which they themselves have made overtures, subject to the approbation of each of the principals.

Now, it will be in the highest degree necessary, to endeavor some settlement of Boundary with the English on any terms whatsoever; and as no opportunity might offer for the negotiation of any Boundary line either in the name of King or Parliament, or of existing Powers, in in the government of England, we should not deem it consequence of violent interruptions unwise to empower the Director to agree provisionally, with our neighbors the English on some line of Boundary, for which they themselves have made overtures, subject to the approbation of each of the principals.

Public Charges in New England. [ From the Original in the Royal Archives al Ihe Hague; Loketkan of Ihe States General Rubric ; Weit Indische Compagnie, No. 30; 8th division of the Bundle. ]

Taxes payable by the English in New England. Delivered in by Secretary Tienhoven, 3"> March, 1660.

In New England all the property and means of the people, as well of the highest as the lowest, are appraised by the Magistrates, and taxed according to each one's ability ; for the Pay of the Governor, Deputy Governor, Magistrates, Secretaries, Marshals and Constables. Pay of Military Officers who exercise the inhabitants continually under arms. The military officers are Majors, Captains, Lieutenants, Ensigns, &c. Salary and residence of the minister and schoolmaster. Erection of churches and school-houses, and repairs thereof. For all city and town edifices. For the construction and repairs of all bridges over the rivers along the highways. For the erection and repairs of all ordinaries for travelers.

In New England all the property and means of the people, as well of the highest as the lowest, are appraised by the Magistrates, and taxed according to each one's ability ; for the Pay of the Governor, Deputy Governor, Magistrates, Secretaries, Marshals and Constables. Pay of Military Officers who exercise the inhabitants continually under arms. The military officers are Majors, Captains, Lieutenants, Ensigns, &c. Salary and residence of the minister and schoolmaster. Erection of churches and school-houses, and repairs thereof. For all city and town edifices. For the construction and repairs of all bridges over the rivers along the highways. For the erection and repairs of all ordinaries for travelers.

--

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS: V. 365 For the maintenance of the University at Boston, and its accessories. The people must also defray the expenses incurred by the General Assemblies which are held in each province respectively, four times a year, and the General Court once a year. This Assembly continues a long time. In the event of war occurring, as was the case a few years ago against the Pequatoos and other Indians, all the towns are obliged to furnish as many soldiers at their expense, at the place of rendezvous, as the General Court indicates, on condition of the latter providing their pay, rations and ammunition. The foregoing are the burthens which New England has, to my own knowledge, to defray. Ady, 2'' March.

Information respecting Land in New Netlierland.

[ From the Original la the Koyal Archives £

In the event of war occurring, as was the case a few years ago against the Pequatoos and other Indians, all the towns are obliged to furnish as many soldiers at their expense, at the place of rendezvous, as the General Court indicates, on condition of the latter providing their pay, rations and ammunition. The foregoing are the burthens which New England has, to my own knowledge, to defray. Ady, 2'' March.

Information respecting Land in New Netlierland.

[ From the Original la the Koyal Archives £

Information relative to taking upland in New Netherland, in the form of Colonies or private bouweries. Delivered in by Secretary van Tienhoven, on the 4"' of March, 1050.

If any one be disposed to begin either by himself or others. Colonies, Bouweries or Plantations in New Netherland, which lies in the latitude of one and forty degrees and a half, he shall have to inform himself fully of the situation of the lands lying on the rivers, first

havens and bays, in order thus to select the most suitable, and particularly the most convenient grounds: It is therefore to be borne in mind, that the lands in New Netherland are not all level and flat, and adapted to raising of grain, inasmuch as they are, with the exception of some few flats, generally covered with timber, in divers places also with large and small stones. In order, then first to describe those lands which are actually the most convenient and the best and ought to be occupied the earliest, where and how located, I shall enumerate the following places, and commend the remainder to the consideration of proprietors of this country. I begin then at the most easterly corner of Long Island, being a point situate on the Main Ocean, inclosing within, westward, a large inland sea,' adorned with divers fair havens and bays, fit for all sorts of craft; this point is entirely covered with trees, without any flats,

In order, then first to describe those lands which are actually the most convenient and the best and ought to be occupied the earliest, where and how located, I shall enumerate the following places, and commend the remainder to the consideration of proprietors of this country. I begin then at the most easterly corner of Long Island, being a point situate on the Main Ocean, inclosing within, westward, a large inland sea,' adorned with divers fair havens and bays, fit for all sorts of craft; this point is entirely covered with trees, without any flats,

and is somewhat hilly and stony, very convenient for cod fishing, which is most successfully followed by the natives during the season. This point is also well adapted to secure the trade of the Indians in Wampum, (the mine of New Netherland,) since in and about the abovementioned sea and the islands therein situate, lie the cockles whereof Wampum is made, from which great profit could be realized by those who would plant a colonic or hamlet at the aforesaid Point, for the cultivation of the land, for raising all sorts of cattle, for fishing and the wampum trade.

' Gardner's Bay. Ed.

366 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. be necessary, in such case, to settle on the aforesaid land some persons thoroughly It would

conversant with agriculture, and others with the fishery. Oijstcrbiiy, so called from the great abundance of fine and delicate oysters which are found there, is about a short league across, or in width at the mouth ; deep and navigable, without either rocks or sands, runs inland nearly west, and divides itself into two rivers, which are broad and clear, on which lie some fine maize lands, formerly cultivated by the Indians, some of which are still worked ; they could be had for a trifle.

Oijstcrbiiy, so called from the great abundance of fine and delicate oysters which are found there, is about a short league across, or in width at the mouth ; deep and navigable, without either rocks or sands, runs inland nearly west, and divides itself into two rivers, which are broad and clear, on which lie some fine maize lands, formerly cultivated by the Indians, some of which are still worked ; they could be had for a trifle. This land is situate on such beautiful bay and rivers, that it could, at little cost, be converted into good farms, fit for the plough ; there are here, also, some fine hay-valleys. Martin Gerrkseii's bay or Marthinehouck, is much deeper and wider than Oyster bay, and runs westward in, divides into three rivers, two of which are navigable; the smallest stream runs up in front of the Indian village, called Martinne houck, where they have their plantations. This tribe is not strong, and consists of about 30 families. There were formerly in and about this bay, great numbers of Indian Plantations, which now lie waste and vacant. This land is mostly level, and of good quality, well adapted for grain and rearing of all sorts of cattle ; on the rivers are numerous valleys of sweet and salt meadows ; all sorts of river

fish are also caught there. Schout^s bay, on the East river, is also very open and navigable, with one river running into it; on said river are also fine maize lands, level and not stony, with right beautiful valleys. Beyond said river is a very convenient hook of land, somewhat large, encircled Ly a large valley and river, where all descriptions of cattle can be reared and fed, such convenience being a great accommodation for the settlers, who otherwise must search for their cattle frequently several days in the bush.

Schout^s bay, on the East river, is also very open and navigable, with one river running into it; on said river are also fine maize lands, level and not stony, with right beautiful valleys. Beyond said river is a very convenient hook of land, somewhat large, encircled Ly a large valley and river, where all descriptions of cattle can be reared and fed, such convenience being a great accommodation for the settlers, who otherwise must search for their cattle frequently several days in the bush. The country on the East river between Greenwich and the island Manhattans, is for the most part covered with trees, but yet flat and suitable land, with numerous streams and valleys, right good soil for grain, together with fresh hay, and meadow, lands. Wiequaeskeck, on the North river, five leagues above New Amsterdam, is very good and suitable land for agriculture, very extensive maize land, on which the Indians have planted --proceeding from the shore and inland 'tis flat and mostly level, well watered by small streams and running springs. It lies between the East and North rivers and is situate between a rivulet of Sinlinck

and Armonck.i In the Bay of the North river, about two leagues from Sandy Hook, lies an inlet or small bay; on the south shore of said bay, called Neysivcsinck, there are also right good maize lands which have not been cultivated by the natives for a long time. This district is well adapted for raising and feeding all sorts of cattle, and is esteemed by many not ill adapted for fisheries; a good trade in furs could also be carried on there, and 'tis likewise accessible to all large vessels coming from sea, which are often obliged to lie to or anchor behind Sandy Hook, either in consequence of contrary winds, or for want of a pilot.

and Armonck.i In the Bay of the North river, about two leagues from Sandy Hook, lies an inlet or small bay; on the south shore of said bay, called Neysivcsinck, there are also right good maize lands which have not been cultivated by the natives for a long time. This district is well adapted for raising and feeding all sorts of cattle, and is esteemed by many not ill adapted for fisheries; a good trade in furs could also be carried on there, and 'tis likewise accessible to all large vessels coming from sea, which are often obliged to lie to or anchor behind Sandy Hook, either in consequence of contrary winds, or for want of a pilot. The district inhabited by a nation called Raritangs, is situate on a fresh water river, that flows through the centre of the low land which the Indians cultivated. This vacant territory liesbetween two high mountains, far distant the one from the other. It is the handsomest and pleasantest country that man can behold, and furnished the Indians with abundance of maize,

' This tract exteuds across the couDty of Westchester, from Sing Sing to the Byram river. Bolton's History of Weslehester County, L, 2. -- Ed.

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS: V. 367 beans, pumpkins, and other fruits. This district was abandoned by the natives for two reasons ; the first and principal is, that finding themselves unable to resist the Southern Indians, they migrated further inland ; the second, because this country was flooded every spring like Renselaer's colonic, frequently spoiling and destroying their supplies of maize which were stored in holes under ground. Through this valley pass large numbers of all sorts of tribes, on their way north or east; this land is therefore not only adapted for raising grain and rearing all description of cattle, but also very convenient for trade with the Indians.

This district was abandoned by the natives for two reasons ; the first and principal is, that finding themselves unable to resist the Southern Indians, they migrated further inland ; the second, because this country was flooded every spring like Renselaer's colonic, frequently spoiling and destroying their supplies of maize which were stored in holes under ground. Through this valley pass large numbers of all sorts of tribes, on their way north or east; this land is therefore not only adapted for raising grain and rearing all description of cattle, but also very convenient for trade with the Indians. On both sides of the South bay and South river also lie some handsome lands, not only suitable, but very convenient for agriculture and trade. I have already stated where the first Colonists should, in my opinion, settle, regard being

had to the convenience of those lands in the possession of which other nations being anticipated, they would not be able to extend their pretended limits further, and great peace and security would be afforded to the inhabitants. I shall here further state the time when those emigrating hence, to and arriving in New Netherland will take up land, and how each will afterwards earn a living and settle in the most economical manner according to the fashion of the country. Boors and others who are obliged to work at first in Colonies ought to sail from this country in the fore or latter part of winter, in order to arrive with God's help in New Netherland early in the Spring, in March, or at latest in April, so as to be able to plant, during that summer, garden vegetables, maize and beans, and moreover employ the whole summer in clearing land and building cottages, as I shall hereafter describe. All then who arrive in New Netherland must immediately set about preparing the soil, so as to be able, if possible to plant some winter grain, and to proceed the next winter to cut and clear the timber.

Boors and others who are obliged to work at first in Colonies ought to sail from this country in the fore or latter part of winter, in order to arrive with God's help in New Netherland early in the Spring, in March, or at latest in April, so as to be able to plant, during that summer, garden vegetables, maize and beans, and moreover employ the whole summer in clearing land and building cottages, as I shall hereafter describe. All then who arrive in New Netherland must immediately set about preparing the soil, so as to be able, if possible to plant some winter grain, and to proceed the next winter to cut and clear the timber. The trees are usually felled from the stump, cut up and burnt in the field, unless such as are suitable for building, for palisades, posts and rails, which must be prepared during the winter, so as to be set up in the spring on the new made land which is intended to be sown, in order that the cattle may not in any wise injure the crops. In most lands found a certain root, called red Wortel, which must before ploughing, be extirpated is

with a hoe, expressly made for that purpose. This being done in the winter, some plough right around the stumps, should time or circumstances not allow these to be removed ; others plant tobacco, maize and beans, at first.The soil even thus becomes very mellow, and they sow winter grain the next fall. From tobacco, can be realized some of the expenses incurred in clearing the land. The maize and beans help to support both men and cattle. Tlie farmer having thus begun, must endeavor, every year, to clear as much new land as he possibly can, and sow it with such seed as he considers most suitable.

This being done in the winter, some plough right around the stumps, should time or circumstances not allow these to be removed ; others plant tobacco, maize and beans, at first.The soil even thus becomes very mellow, and they sow winter grain the next fall. From tobacco, can be realized some of the expenses incurred in clearing the land. The maize and beans help to support both men and cattle. Tlie farmer having thus begun, must endeavor, every year, to clear as much new land as he possibly can, and sow it with such seed as he considers most suitable. It is not necessary that the husbandman should take up much stock in the beginning, since clearing land and other necessary labor do not permit him to save much hay and to build barns for stabling. One pair of draft horses or a yoke of oxen only is necessary, to ride the planks for buildings, or palisades or rails from the land to the place where they are to be set. The farmer can get all sorts of cattle in the course of the second summer, when he will have more leisure to cut and bring home hay, also to build houses and barns for men and cattle.

OF THE BUILDING OF HOUSES AT FIRST.

Before beginning to build, 'twill above all things be necessary to select a well located spot, either on some river or bay, suitable for the settlement of a village or hamlet. This is

358 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS.

The farmer can get all sorts of cattle in the course of the second summer, when he will have more leisure to cut and bring home hay, also to build houses and barns for men and cattle.

OF THE BUILDING OF HOUSES AT FIRST.

Before beginning to build, 'twill above all things be necessary to select a well located spot, either on some river or bay, suitable for the settlement of a village or hamlet. This is

358 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS.

previously properly surveyed and divided into lots, with good streets according to the situation of the place.This hamlet can be fenced all around with high palisades or long boards and closed with gates, which is advantageous in case of attack by the natives, who heretofore used to exhibit their insolence in new plantations. Outside the village or hamlet, other land must be laid out which can in general be fenced and prepared at the most trifling expense. Those in New Netherland and especially in New England, who have no means to build farm-houses at first according to their wishes, dig a square pit in the ground, cellar fashion, six or seven feet deep, as long and as broad as they think proper, case the earth inside all round the wall with timber, which they line with the bark of trees or something else to prevent the caving in of the earth floor this cellar with plank and wainscot it overhead for ;

a ceiling, raise a roof of spars clear up and cover the spars with bark or green sods, so that they can live dry and warm in these houses with their entire families for two, three and four years, it being understood that partitions are run through those cellars which are adapted to the size of the family.The wealthy and principal men in New England, in the beginning of the Colonies, commenced their first dwelling-houses in this fasiiion for two reasons; first, in order not to waste time building and not to want food the next season ; secondly, in order not to discourage poorer laboring people whom they brought over in numbers from Fatherland.

a ceiling, raise a roof of spars clear up and cover the spars with bark or green sods, so that they can live dry and warm in these houses with their entire families for two, three and four years, it being understood that partitions are run through those cellars which are adapted to the size of the family.The wealthy and principal men in New England, in the beginning of the Colonies, commenced their first dwelling-houses in this fasiiion for two reasons; first, in order not to waste time building and not to want food the next season ; secondly, in order not to discourage poorer laboring people whom they brought over in numbers from Fatherland. In the course of three @ four years, when the country became adapted to agriculture, they built themselves handsome houses, spending on them several thousands. After the houses are built in the above described manner, or otherwise according to each person's means and fancy, gardens are made and planted in season with all sorts of pot-herbs, principally parsnips, carrots and cabbage, which bring great plenty into the husbandman's dwelling. The maize can serve as bread for men, and food for cattle. The hogs, after having picked up their food for some months in the woods, are crammed with corn in the fall when fat they are killed and furnish a very hard and clean pork a good ; ;

article for the husbandman who gradually and in time begins to purchase horses and cows with the produce of his grain and the Increase of his hogs, and instead of a cellar as aforesaid, builds good farm-houses and barns.

The hogs, after having picked up their food for some months in the woods, are crammed with corn in the fall when fat they are killed and furnish a very hard and clean pork a good ; ;

article for the husbandman who gradually and in time begins to purchase horses and cows with the produce of his grain and the Increase of his hogs, and instead of a cellar as aforesaid, builds good farm-houses and barns.

OF THE NECESSARY CATTLE.

The cattle necessary in a Colonie or private bouwery in New Netherland, are good mares and sound stallions. Yoke-oxen for the plough, inasmuch as in new lands, full of roots, oxen go forward steadily under the plough, and horses stand still, or with a start break the harness in pieces. Milch-cows of kindly disposition, and good bulls, sheep, sows, etc. Fowls are well adapted to bouweries. These cattle are abundant in New Netherland, and especially in New England, and to be had at a reasonable price, except sheep, which the English do not sell, and are rare in New Netherland.

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS : V.

PRICES OF CATTLE.

Li New Ncthcrland. A young mare with her or third foal, costs 2'' fl.l50 to 160 A 4 to 5 year old stallion, about 130 A milcli cow with her or calf, a"* S** 100 A year-old sow, 20 (^ 24 A sheep, being an ewe, 20 (3. 24

In New England. A good mare sells for 100 (3x 120 A stallion, 100 A milch cow, 60 @^ 70 A yearling sow, 12 @; 14 Sheep are not sold there. Tt is to be observed that in a Colonie each farmer has to be provided by his landlord with at least one yoke of oxen or with two mares in their stead, two cows, one or two sows, for the purpose of increase, the use of the farm and the support of his family.

A good mare sells for 100 (3x 120 A stallion, 100 A milch cow, 60 @^ 70 A yearling sow, 12 @; 14 Sheep are not sold there. Tt is to be observed that in a Colonie each farmer has to be provided by his landlord with at least one yoke of oxen or with two mares in their stead, two cows, one or two sows, for the purpose of increase, the use of the farm and the support of his family. If the above cattle multiply in course of time with God's blessing, the bouweries can be fully stocked with necessary cattle, and new bouweries set off with the remainder, as is the practice in Renselaer's Colonie and other places, as so on de novo, so as to lay out no money for stock. All farming implements necessary for the land must be also procured, except wagon and plough which can be made there. And as it is found by experience in New Netherland, that farmers can with difficulty obtain from the soil enough to provide themselves with necessary victuals and support, those who

propose planting Colonies, must supply their farmers and families with necessary food for at least two or three years, if not altogether, it must be done at least in part.

NECESSARY SUPPLIES FOR THE FARMER.

If no wheat or rye can be had for bread, maize can be always had in season from the Indiana at a reasonable price. The skepel costs ordinarily 10 @^ 15 stivers when bought from the Indians. Beef, Vinegar, Pork, Peas and Butter or oil instead; Beans. Salad oil and vinegar are not easy to be had in that country except at an excessively high price from the Dutch traders. All this being arranged it must be noted what description of people are best adapted for agriculture in New Netherland, and to perform the most service and return the most profit in the beginning.

The skepel costs ordinarily 10 @^ 15 stivers when bought from the Indians. Beef, Vinegar, Pork, Peas and Butter or oil instead; Beans. Salad oil and vinegar are not easy to be had in that country except at an excessively high price from the Dutch traders. All this being arranged it must be noted what description of people are best adapted for agriculture in New Netherland, and to perform the most service and return the most profit in the beginning. First, a person is necessary to superintend the working men ; he ought to be acquainted with farming. Vol. I. 47

370 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS.

Industrious country people, conversant with the working and cultivation of land, and possessing a knowledge of cattle. It would not be unprofitable to add to these some Highland boors from the Veluwe,» Gulick,2Cleef,=' and Berg.^ Northerners are a people adapted to cutting down trees and clearing land, inasmuch as they are very laborious and accustomed to work in the woods. Northerners can do almost anything; some can build much, others a little, and construct small craft which they call yawls. Carpenters who can lay brick. Smiths conversant with heavy work, curing cattle and provided with suitable medicines. One or more surgeons, according to the number of the people, with a chest well supplied with all sorts of drugs. One or more coopers. A clergyman, comforter of the sick, or precentor who could also act as schoolmaster. A wheelwright. All other tradesmen would follow in time ; the above mentioned mechanics are the most necessary at first. In order to promote population through such and other means, the people must be provided with Freedoms and Privileges so as to induce them to quit their Fatherland, and emigrate with their families beyond the sea to this far distant New Netherland.

A clergyman, comforter of the sick, or precentor who could also act as schoolmaster. A wheelwright. All other tradesmen would follow in time ; the above mentioned mechanics are the most necessary at first. In order to promote population through such and other means, the people must be provided with Freedoms and Privileges so as to induce them to quit their Fatherland, and emigrate with their families beyond the sea to this far distant New Netherland. And as poor people have no means to defray the cost of passage and other expenses, it were desirable that wealthy individuals would expend some capital, to people this country, or like the English of New England, at their own expense remove themselves with funds and a large body of working men, and provide those without means with land, dwelling, cattle, tools and necessary support; and that, until they could derive the necessary maintenance from the soil and the increase of cattle, after which time they would be able to pay yearly a reasonable quit-rent to their lords and masters from the effects in their possession. By the population and cultivation of the aforesaid lands those who will have disbursed funds for the removal of the laboring classes, the purchase of cattle and all other expenses, would, in process jof some years, after God had blessed the tillage and the increase of the cattle, derive a considerable revenue in grain, beef, pork, butter and tobacco, which form at first the earliest returns, and in time can be improved by industry, such as making pot and pearl ashes, clapboards, knees for ship building, staves, all sorts of pine and oak plank, masts for large ships, square timber and ash and hickory planks; in which a staple trade could be established. The English of New England put this in practice, as is to be seen, after the land had been first brought to proper condition; they sell their provisions at the Caribbean Islands, staves at Madeira and the Canaries, masts and fish in Spain and Portugal and bring in return all sorts of commodities; so much of these returns as they do not consume, are again distributed by them throughout all the islands known and inhabited in the Northern part of America.

The English of New England put this in practice, as is to be seen, after the land had been first brought to proper condition; they sell their provisions at the Caribbean Islands, staves at Madeira and the Canaries, masts and fish in Spain and Portugal and bring in return all sorts of commodities; so much of these returns as they do not consume, are again distributed by them throughout all the islands known and inhabited in the Northern part of America. Thus, through the variety of the returns which of necessity were received, a prolitable trade is already established in New England, which can also be right well set oa foot by the Netherlanders, if the population of the country were promoted.

' Tlie district of Arnhem, in the Province of Geldeiland. ' A German town -vreet of Keulen. ' Between the Rhine and the German frontier. ' The Duchy of Berg is about four or five miles southeast of Arnhem. -- Ed.

--

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS : V. 371

The following is the mode pursued by the West India Company in the first planting of Bouweries.

The Company, at their own cost and in their own ships conveyed several boors to New Netherland, and gave these the following terms: The farmer, being conveyed with his family over sea to New Netherland, was granted by the Company for the term of six years a Bouwerie, which was partly cleared, and a good part of which was fit for the plough. The Company furnished Ihe farmer a house, barn, farming implements and tools, together with four horses, four cows, sheep and pigs in proportion, the usufruct and enjoyment of which the husbandman should have during the six years, and on the expiration thereof, return the number of cattle he received. The entire increase remained with the farmer.

The Company, at their own cost and in their own ships conveyed several boors to New Netherland, and gave these the following terms: The farmer, being conveyed with his family over sea to New Netherland, was granted by the Company for the term of six years a Bouwerie, which was partly cleared, and a good part of which was fit for the plough. The Company furnished Ihe farmer a house, barn, farming implements and tools, together with four horses, four cows, sheep and pigs in proportion, the usufruct and enjoyment of which the husbandman should have during the six years, and on the expiration thereof, return the number of cattle he received. The entire increase remained with the farmer. The farmer was bound to pay yearly one hundred guilders and eighty pounds of butter rent for the cleared land and bouwerie. The country people who obtained the above mentioned conditions all prospered during their residence on the Company's lands. Afterwards the cattle belonging to the Company in New Netherland were distributed for Some years among those who had no means to purchase stock. The risk of the cattle dying is shared in common, and after the expiration of the contract the Company receives, if the cattle live, the number the husbandman first received, and the increase which is over, is divided half and half; by these means many people have obtained stock and, even to this day, the Company have still considerable cattle among the Colonists, who make use on the above conditions of the horses in cultivating the farm the cows serve ;

The risk of the cattle dying is shared in common, and after the expiration of the contract the Company receives, if the cattle live, the number the husbandman first received, and the increase which is over, is divided half and half; by these means many people have obtained stock and, even to this day, the Company have still considerable cattle among the Colonists, who make use on the above conditions of the horses in cultivating the farm the cows serve ;

for the increase of the stock and for the support of the family. The foregoing is what is necessary to be communicated at present respecting the establishment of one or more Colonies and relative to supplies. What regards the government and preservation of such Colonies and what persons ought to be in authority there and who these ought to be, I leave to the wise and prudent consideration of your noble High Mightinesses. Meanwhile I pray the Creator of Heaven and Earth to endow your High Mightinesses with the Spirit of grace and wisdom, so that all your High Mightinesses' deliberations may tend to the advantage of the Country and its Inhabitants.

372 NEW-YORK COLONIAL RL^NUSCRIPTS.

Observations on the Duties levied on Goods sent to New JSfetherland. [ From the OrigiDal in the Eoyal Archives at the Hague Loketkas of the Slates General ; ; EnbriCj West IndiscTie Compagnie^ No. SO ; 10th Divieion of the Bundle. ]

Considerations on the subject of the duty which the Hon*'' West India Companylevies on the goods exported to New Netherland, and whether it were better, in regard to this State, the Company itself and New Netherland to continue them, to reduce them in any degree, or wholly to abolish them. Received from the Delegates from New Netherland, 7"" March, 1650.

Observations on the Duties levied on Goods sent to New JSfetherland. [ From the OrigiDal in the Eoyal Archives at the Hague Loketkas of the Slates General ; ; EnbriCj West IndiscTie Compagnie^ No. SO ; 10th Divieion of the Bundle. ]

Considerations on the subject of the duty which the Hon*'' West India Companylevies on the goods exported to New Netherland, and whether it were better, in regard to this State, the Company itself and New Netherland to continue them, to reduce them in any degree, or wholly to abolish them. Received from the Delegates from New Netherland, 7"" March, 1650.

What duty the Company exacts. The duty is 16 per In course of time, for it was not the custom to give so much, 16 guilders per cent are paid to the West India Company, at the Amsterdam chamber, on the goods exported to New Netherland; that is, whoever hath a hundred guiideis' worth of property must give sixteen additional to the Company; the convoy used to be 3J, but this is offered to be taken off". 2. When people return from New Netherland they must again pay there, on the goods, eight per cent, according to their value in that countrj'. Now, in this way, the cost in New Netherland is, and must be, doubled if expenses are in any way to be realized. Again, 16 per cent, the same as on exportation from Netherland twice 16 make 32. This is a sum ;

One hundred guu- Certain, which must be paid to the Company before a hundred guilders, ^" c-mfany before transmltt-cd from Netherland, can be reimbursed exclusive of the convoy, which received?"™ " the Hon''''^ Company now offers to take off".

Now, in this way, the cost in New Netherland is, and must be, doubled if expenses are in any way to be realized. Again, 16 per cent, the same as on exportation from Netherland twice 16 make 32. This is a sum ;

One hundred guu- Certain, which must be paid to the Company before a hundred guilders, ^" c-mfany before transmltt-cd from Netherland, can be reimbursed exclusive of the convoy, which received?"™ " the Hon''''^ Company now offers to take off".

^- Tliis 32 per Cent is considerably increased, fully equal to ten per cent more; Aui^raentaMon of the 32 per cent. thus: The fipst 16 guilders must be paid down here before goods can leave; so that these 16 pay, also, interest and insurance ; yea, are counted as capital. Again, a person's goods must be sent to the warehouse at Amsterdam before being shipped that counts so ;

much. A supercargo must be supported on board in the cabin that is also so much. But ;

the worst of all is, that on the arrival of the ships in New Netherland, they are burdened with soldiers, so that the skipper himself is not, and does no longer remain master of his own ship. Loss experienced And then all the goods are again removed to the public store, broken open, bv the depreciation ohhe goods. , iii -i examined, remeasured, unpacked, thrown aside and damaged in a way that 'tis i, ,• <.. painful to behold. Frequently they are also detained so long that the best season for selling or trading them off" is lost. When, then, they are sold and returns come to Fatherland, such returns must again remain a long time in the public store, and convoy must be paid. All

Loss experienced And then all the goods are again removed to the public store, broken open, bv the depreciation ohhe goods. , iii -i examined, remeasured, unpacked, thrown aside and damaged in a way that 'tis i, ,• <.. painful to behold. Frequently they are also detained so long that the best season for selling or trading them off" is lost. When, then, they are sold and returns come to Fatherland, such returns must again remain a long time in the public store, and convoy must be paid. All

The dut adds 60 ^'^'^ cxpeuse. Salvage and duty, the merchants include in the capital; were percent. j[^gy rgijeved thereof, they would be able to sell their goods fifty per cent cheaper. This duty J' in Fatherland J in New Netherland, but all 4. J is paid, partly, V V ; ' partly f ' The dnfTi« raid to ^

their offiTrs"'^ "' ^°^ ^^^ Company's benefit, and to it and its officers, without bearing in any way the expenses which accrue there, and the people make good.

Who pays this duty. Having stated how much duty is paid, and to whom, and where the charges are paid, 'twill The merchants do P^*^ ^^ foreign to add who they are who pay it. The Company will say, the not pay ute duty. merchants pay it, but we, under correction, are of a diff"erent opinion.

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS : V. 373

2. 'Tis very true that the Company receives the money from the traders; yet it cannot be said to pay it out of its pocket. But here must be considered that the disbursements of How the mercharis duty, the Cartage to and from the public store, tlie abovementioned loss of time, cap'W- and other troubles, are computed by the merchants and skippers as capital, the same as the prime cost of the goods.

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS : V. 373

2. 'Tis very true that the Company receives the money from the traders; yet it cannot be said to pay it out of its pocket. But here must be considered that the disbursements of How the mercharis duty, the Cartage to and from the public store, tlie abovementioned loss of time, cap'W- and other troubles, are computed by the merchants and skippers as capital, the same as the prime cost of the goods. Nov? all traders wish to gain, or they discontinue their business; they must also gain, or they cannot continue merchants. They, therefore, charge their goods not only according to the prime cost thereof, but according to the cost,

disbursements and charges which accrue thereon. And, by this means, what cost one guilder in Netherland, they order sold for two, two and a half, and often and most frequently, for withont snuiKgiins three guildcrs; and if they do not smuggle, or help themselves by contraband, 6o°gr"a'i! °anli"'iht thcv caunot retain so much clear profit, as all will testify who have ever traded goods are ear. ^^ ^^^ Netherland, The inhabitant pays ^' ^^'® Conclude thenjustly that the merchants do not pay the duties and other theduty. charges, but disburse at Cent per Cent profit; for after allowing for all costs and trouble caused them by the Company or its officers, they will gain, notwithstanding. The public now cannot do without them; neither can New Netherland be peopled, nor flourish, without shipping; therefore duties and charges are not paid by the merchants but by him who buys from them and this is the citizen who requires supplies, and who pays and bears all costs and charges ;

And, by this means, what cost one guilder in Netherland, they order sold for two, two and a half, and often and most frequently, for withont snuiKgiins three guildcrs; and if they do not smuggle, or help themselves by contraband, 6o°gr"a'i! °anli"'iht thcv caunot retain so much clear profit, as all will testify who have ever traded goods are ear. ^^ ^^^ Netherland, The inhabitant pays ^' ^^'® Conclude thenjustly that the merchants do not pay the duties and other theduty. charges, but disburse at Cent per Cent profit; for after allowing for all costs and trouble caused them by the Company or its officers, they will gain, notwithstanding. The public now cannot do without them; neither can New Netherland be peopled, nor flourish, without shipping; therefore duties and charges are not paid by the merchants but by him who buys from them and this is the citizen who requires supplies, and who pays and bears all costs and charges ;

which accrue thereon. Therefore, to take off, or reduce the duty, would not be a relief exclusively for the merchants, but also for the poor Commonalty.

What goods pay duty, and does the Company receive duly on all. Whatever gnes All goods which are entered and not smuggled oo pay duty, no matter whether i ./ openly t.> ST. Ni-lh- ./

eriaod pays dmy. the cargo is for Indians, or dry goods or liquors. If the cargoes for the Indians only paid, there would be no reason for complaint if liquors even were somewhat taxed, it ;

Therefore, to take off, or reduce the duty, would not be a relief exclusively for the merchants, but also for the poor Commonalty.

What goods pay duty, and does the Company receive duly on all. Whatever gnes All goods which are entered and not smuggled oo pay duty, no matter whether i ./ openly t.> ST. Ni-lh- ./

eriaod pays dmy. the cargo is for Indians, or dry goods or liquors. If the cargoes for the Indians only paid, there would be no reason for complaint if liquors even were somewhat taxed, it ;

were allowable but to tax the dry goods without which the Colonist cannot live, tends to the ;

ruin and depopulation of New Netherland, and to the diversion of trade.

The Company does Here the questiou arises, does the Company receive duty from all that is 2.

quarter ""Vf"'^ the brought to New Netherland? We answer, by no means; and our opinion is that it does not receive duty from more than the fourth part of the goods consumed

there ; which happens thus: 3. In consequence of the duties being heavy, a great many goods are smuggled, for the most

Petty traders smug- P^''' ^Y *^^ petty traders who run the risk without entering much at the Custom giemoat. house, evcu of such goods as go off readily when they pay duty. Now this advantage by no means satisfies the public; for these petty traders spend freely which on the Again, they say: if we smuggle anything, that is our other hand small capital cannot justify. own gain; we run our risk, for if we be caught, we lose all; therefore if we gain anything, we wish to enjoy it alone. 4. As the greatest profit arises from powder, lead, guns and similar articles, the sale of

Now this advantage by no means satisfies the public; for these petty traders spend freely which on the Again, they say: if we smuggle anything, that is our other hand small capital cannot justify. own gain; we run our risk, for if we be caught, we lose all; therefore if we gain anything, we wish to enjoy it alone. 4. As the greatest profit arises from powder, lead, guns and similar articles, the sale of

which to the Indians being contraband, is prohibited on pain of corporal punishment, yet as Profit derived from the gain derived therefrom is stimulating, and as a small capital is always greauhltit is'pur- realized, through these and such finesses, by people of small means, the country Bta'^nding the prohi- is ovcrrun with them. The yearly amount is considerable from which the Company derives no duties, the transaction being concealed from it. In a

374 NEW-YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. general letter to the Director and government in New Netherland, in the year 1649, the Company permitted the Director to supply the Indians sparingly with powder, lead and guns. MHny s'l'.rt. cnme 5. in addition to this, a large amount of goods is introduced from New England and Virginia. ° and Virginia, and the most is made on these goods : for they are imported there New Netherland pays duty. Thus considerable free of duty and nothing coming thence into English wares are consumed in New Netherland, and many goods from Holland by way of England and New England also come into New Netherland, which practice will probably so obtain in 2 or 3 years, that even if the duty remain, the Company will get nothing. Thus the Company receives the fourth part of the duties, but not of the goods which are consumed in The pui.iic mini New N<-therland.

Thus considerable free of duty and nothing coming thence into English wares are consumed in New Netherland, and many goods from Holland by way of England and New England also come into New Netherland, which practice will probably so obtain in 2 or 3 years, that even if the duty remain, the Company will get nothing. Thus the Company receives the fourth part of the duties, but not of the goods which are consumed in The pui.iic mini New N<-therland. And nevertheless the public must pay for the goods, the same ruiidutiea. as if all the duties were levied; for what the traders gain by their business they reserve entirely to themselves, offsetting the profit against the trouble and risk, which they run.

Whether the removal or continuance of the Duties would be of advantage to this State.

Even thing in New 1. New Netherland will never advance in its condition or in population, ^ if the '^ NetherlBUd very J*^'"'. i»

duties continue as at present ; the reason is: -- everything there is so high, as to be beyond the reach of the people. And this, in addition to bad government, creates a bad name and deters people from going thither to settle for with the traders 'tis somewhat different. ;

The siaie will never As New Netherland, with the present duties cannot be populated, so this State 2.

rrun'rN.'w'Ne'i'her' must uo morc expect those benetils which would in course of time accrue from

"a'o- thence, such as, first ; from population, provisions and a continual trade which, if the duties were removed, would amount to six times more than it now is, and also increase from year to year and be of very great consideration reciprocally from their High Mightinesses to every one else. But on the contrary, this State will inevitably be subject to contempt and derision on tlie part of the English, (who in course of time will absorb the country) for suffering so very advantageous a position and so profitable a province as New Netherland to slip through its fingers, on account of some particular interests ; and for still lacking means, with a knowledge of the superiority of the country, to retain it and render it prosperous. 3.

But on the contrary, this State will inevitably be subject to contempt and derision on tlie part of the English, (who in course of time will absorb the country) for suffering so very advantageous a position and so profitable a province as New Netherland to slip through its fingers, on account of some particular interests ; and for still lacking means, with a knowledge of the superiority of the country, to retain it and render it prosperous. 3. Were the duty taken off, and good government established. New Netherland would do well, and the people might properly be encouraged to go thither ; population might then be advanced in an orderly manner and with little trouble, and this State would, with poor and Beyr-nd Netherland wllHug people, who are iu each other's way here and almost perish of want, another Nethr*":ir , -mr . i t i i i*,t • i i n* i i eriand. rear up another Netherland beyond Netherland at a trifling expense, and those going thither would be afforded opportunities and means for wealth and state. Secondly, the Heatlien in that country would be brought to Christianity by our Nation. What blessings would be drawn down on this Land by relieving a number of poor and impoverished people and bringing them into good circumstances, and by converting or calling the Heathen, I leave to wiser heads than mine to determine.

Whether the removal or continuance of the Duties be advantageous to the West India Company, and in what way.

New Netherland would do well, and the people might properly be encouraged to go thither ; population might then be advanced in an orderly manner and with little trouble, and this State would, with poor and Beyr-nd Netherland wllHug people, who are iu each other's way here and almost perish of want, another Nethr*":ir , -mr . i t i i i*,t • i i n* i i eriand. rear up another Netherland beyond Netherland at a trifling expense, and those going thither would be afforded opportunities and means for wealth and state. Secondly, the Heatlien in that country would be brought to Christianity by our Nation. What blessings would be drawn down on this Land by relieving a number of poor and impoverished people and bringing them into good circumstances, and by converting or calling the Heathen, I leave to wiser heads than mine to determine.

Whether the removal or continuance of the Duties be advantageous to the West India Company, and in what way.

1. We suppose that the Directors will maintain that it will be best for the Company to continue the duties. We are, nevertheless of a contrary opinion and say, that it would be

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS : V. 375

It would be better would be best for the Company in general to remove at once the New Netherlands tbatiiK-re w.'.ui.rbu dutv."^ But US this simple i position may r ^ not, perhaps, r r be admitted bv tliem, we ' ' no duly, than the . '

We suppose that the Directors will maintain that it will be best for the Company to continue the duties. We are, nevertheless of a contrary opinion and say, that it would be

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS : V. 375

It would be better would be best for the Company in general to remove at once the New Netherlands tbatiiK-re w.'.ui.rbu dutv."^ But US this simple i position may r ^ not, perhaps, r r be admitted bv tliem, we ' ' no duly, than the . '

contrary. shall submit further reasons in support of it, and show in what respect it is of advantage to the Company that the duty should not be collected any more. 2. There is not a man in New Netherland who does not believe, that the duly is tiie cause The duty preTents °^ ^^^ intolerable Scarcity, and of the disorder and want of population there, popuiatiun. Many reproaches and curses have been in consequence heaped upon it, which will not cease, but continue so long as the duty lasts.

The doty diverts the "^^ ''^''^ exacting of duties diverts trade from here, for were the imposts removed, "'*''°" a greater and a larger business would be transacted at New Netiierland ; and this renders the duty with good reason unsavory to, and hated by all maritime cities, adapted to commerce, such as principally Amsterdam and similar places, which in this conjuncture do not require them. 4. Where the curse of every man is now directed against the Company, numbers of people The Company drawa down everywould be bound to bless it were New Netherland peopled, * which cannot be so *

The doty diverts the "^^ ''^''^ exacting of duties diverts trade from here, for were the imposts removed, "'*''°" a greater and a larger business would be transacted at New Netiierland ; and this renders the duty with good reason unsavory to, and hated by all maritime cities, adapted to commerce, such as principally Amsterdam and similar places, which in this conjuncture do not require them. 4. Where the curse of every man is now directed against the Company, numbers of people The Company drawa down everywould be bound to bless it were New Netherland peopled, * which cannot be so *

body'scurse. long as the customs duty continues. New Netherland is 5. New Netherland is every year a burthen, not a benefit to the Company, which " no advantage lo the j i i Company, aith-uirh cxpends more on, than is received from it, without, however, at all benefiting ° itrxp.-n.l3cunsidurttbioihere. New Netherland. Now, were the duty abolished, the Company could, with a The Company could 8°°^ grace, put 3. stop to all its present expenditure there, leaving only one person to manage their revenue in that country, and to command the people. the'^'r^'enUs*'' of Whilst New N^tlierland. ° . r j you now give us nothing, you must detend , , yourselves; we cannot maintain any soldiers for you; if you will have them, pay them yourselves Again, as we cannot support any government for you, if you want any, you will have to provide means to pay it, or get those who will work for nothing for you. By the above plan, the CompMuy would derive so much profit certain; inasmuch as it would only receive the income of the property it possesses in that country, and avoid all loss which it now annually incurs by New Netherland.

Now, were the duty abolished, the Company could, with a The Company could 8°°^ grace, put 3. stop to all its present expenditure there, leaving only one person to manage their revenue in that country, and to command the people. the'^'r^'enUs*'' of Whilst New N^tlierland. ° . r j you now give us nothing, you must detend , , yourselves; we cannot maintain any soldiers for you; if you will have them, pay them yourselves Again, as we cannot support any government for you, if you want any, you will have to provide means to pay it, or get those who will work for nothing for you. By the above plan, the CompMuy would derive so much profit certain; inasmuch as it would only receive the income of the property it possesses in that country, and avoid all loss which it now annually incurs by New Netherland.

6. By abolishing the duty, the Company would also do a service to this state, and therefore If the duty continue, merit an indemnity, which at this time would not come amiss to it. In case the there is no h.-Ip for , . ',-. ._. , .

duty remain, your High Mightinesses, however willing you may be, cannot secure ,

New Netherland. nor populate New Netherland; and if this do not happen, it will bring you into great disrepute with the English and Swedes. Again, your High Mightinesses will be continually troubled and disturbed by public and private petitions, until the entire country will become exclusively English. 7. Now, should the Hon'^'^Company answer to this: Whence shall we be paid back our arrears? We reply by stating, how 'tis possible or practicable. First, the Company would get the nett receipts of all the income of its property in that country, as already stated.

New Netherland. nor populate New Netherland; and if this do not happen, it will bring you into great disrepute with the English and Swedes. Again, your High Mightinesses will be continually troubled and disturbed by public and private petitions, until the entire country will become exclusively English. 7. Now, should the Hon'^'^Company answer to this: Whence shall we be paid back our arrears? We reply by stating, how 'tis possible or practicable. First, the Company would get the nett receipts of all the income of its property in that country, as already stated. Further, it must well know, that in its present state, or in that to which it can be brought by such management, there is hardly any hope or prospect of realizing any thing considerable; for even though the revenue were increased, it will nevertheless accrue and melt for the benefit of the Company's

Plan or means servants. But, Subject to better judgment, this must be done -- first, it must be panTmisM make' arranged that the country remain for some years, bound and pledged to pay garrt' "t""'^ New annually to the Company, a certain sum nett. Bclherland. , best . , . And this, in my opinion, is the , , ^ and only way to help the Company to what is its right, and lo retain the , ,...., country. For, if it be retained by the Company on a different plan, the latter will, from year

376 NEW-YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. to year, get into more intricate labyrinths, and finally the English and Swedes will make away with the Province.

Bclherland. , best . , . And this, in my opinion, is the , , ^ and only way to help the Company to what is its right, and lo retain the , ,...., country. For, if it be retained by the Company on a different plan, the latter will, from year

376 NEW-YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. to year, get into more intricate labyrinths, and finally the English and Swedes will make away with the Province.

Whether the removal of the duty be advantageous to New Netherland.

The abolition, modification or alteration of the duty is, in our opinion, in the greatest degree advantageous to New Netherland. But, as every one familiar with that country ought to be aware of this, 'twill be unnecessary to enter upon a long explanation of it. We shall merely point out some effects which would accrue to New Netherland, leaving the rest to better judgments. By the abolition of the duty, New Netherland would obtain and acquire: 1, population 2, ;

great trade; 3, reasonable profit on all goods and wares 4, internal peace; 5, security from ;

all foreign and domestic attacks 6, settlement of boundaries and peace with its neighbors, in ;

addition to all the advantages which flow from these principal points.

Mejiorandum. We are now and always ready, when 'tis your High Mightinesses' pleasure, to exhibit and produce the papers and letters, mentioned on the fifth instant, in your High Mightinesses' Assembly, 7 March, 1G50. Received 12 March, 1650.

Petition of the Delegates from New Netherland. [ From the Original in the Eoyal Archives at the Hague ; Lokelkas of the States General ; Eubric West Indlsche Compagnie, No. 30 ; Uth divleion of the Bundle. ]

We are now and always ready, when 'tis your High Mightinesses' pleasure, to exhibit and produce the papers and letters, mentioned on the fifth instant, in your High Mightinesses' Assembly, 7 March, 1G50. Received 12 March, 1650.

Petition of the Delegates from New Netherland. [ From the Original in the Eoyal Archives at the Hague ; Lokelkas of the States General ; Eubric West Indlsche Compagnie, No. 30 ; Uth divleion of the Bundle. ]

To the Honorable Mighty Lords, the Lords Alexander van der Cappellen of Heraertsbergen and the other their High Mightinesses' deputies on the redress of New Netherland.

Honorable, Mighty Lords. The Delegates of the Commonalty in New Netherland respectfully represent: as the ship de Valckenier now lies ready to sail on her departure for New Netherland, and full one hundred and forty persons have offered to own expense, and have emigrate to that country at their been accepted, and upwards of thirty persons additional have solicited and requested as still

a passage in said ship, who must be refused, because there is not accommodation in the vessel for them, she being not more than a hundred and sixty lasts burthea or thereabouts. The skipper and owners of said vessel further declare that, had they six times more accommodation or ships, they would all be filled; so that in the hope of better government, more passengers begin to set their faces towards New Netherland, according as passage and opportunity offer. As this tends greatly to the peopling and prosperity of that Province, we, therefore, are unwilling to neglect directing your Mightinesses' attention to it, requesting you to be pleased

The skipper and owners of said vessel further declare that, had they six times more accommodation or ships, they would all be filled; so that in the hope of better government, more passengers begin to set their faces towards New Netherland, according as passage and opportunity offer. As this tends greatly to the peopling and prosperity of that Province, we, therefore, are unwilling to neglect directing your Mightinesses' attention to it, requesting you to be pleased

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS: V. 377

to take this into consideration for the salie of New Netherland, to the end that speedy order and direction be given that sufficient accommodation thither may be furnished. Which doing.

(Endorsed) Remonstrance of the Delegates from New Netherland to the Most Mighty Lords their High Mightinesses' Deputies on the redress of New Netherland. Received 12"' March, 1G50.

Appendix.

Before me, Jan Colterman, admitted by the Court of Holland, a notary public, residing in the city of Haerlem, and the undernamed witnesses, appeared the worthy Willem Thomassen, skipper of the ship named de Valckenier, lying in the harbor of Amsterdam, ready to sail for

New Netherland ; request of the delegates from New Netherland, testifies and who, at the and with tender of an oath, if requisite and required, that it declares by his troth, in place is true that he, deponent, agreed about two weeks ago, to convey as many people in his

aforesaid ship to New Netherland, as he can in any way accommodate; and that he has been, every day since, applied to by several other persons, for passage in his, deponent's, ship. And that he, deponent, hath rejected fully as many as thirty persons, for the aforesaid reason, that he cannot accommodate any more people in his vessel ; further deponent saith not. Thus executed within the city of Haerlem aforesaid, on the fifteenth of March XVI" and fifty, in presence of Mathys Arentsen Zuyck and Govert van Liphorst, witnesses, invited for the verification hereof, and who, with the deponent and me, the notary, have also signed, in testimony, the original draft hereof.

And that he, deponent, hath rejected fully as many as thirty persons, for the aforesaid reason, that he cannot accommodate any more people in his vessel ; further deponent saith not. Thus executed within the city of Haerlem aforesaid, on the fifteenth of March XVI" and fifty, in presence of Mathys Arentsen Zuyck and Govert van Liphorst, witnesses, invited for the verification hereof, and who, with the deponent and me, the notary, have also signed, in testimony, the original draft hereof. Quod Attestor. (Signed) J. Colterman, Nof Pub.

Resohition of the States General concerning Neiv Netherlands &c.

[ From the Eegister of West India Affairs, 1638 -- 1651, in the Eoyal Archives at the Hague. ]

Saturday, 12 March, 1650. Foiio542. Messrs. van Aertsbergen and other their High Mightinesses' previous deputies for the affairs of the West India Company, have proposed to their High Mightinesses and requested

Eedress and (Eoon- '^''^*' ^^^^^ ''^^ Provinces should pronouHcc on the following points: -- On the °™^' Redress and CEconomy drawn up for the West India Company and heretofore transmitted to the Provinces. Secondly, that extract of a Writing transmitted on the yV instant by the Chamber at Amsterdam to them, their High Mightinesses' Deputies, respecting the Tradeto New Netrade to be carried on with New Netherland from other cities of the United theriand. Netherlands besides Amsterdam, be sent to the respective Chambers of the West India Company, with request that the said Chambers speedily send some person hither Vol I. 48

. --

Eedress and (Eoon- '^''^*' ^^^^^ ''^^ Provinces should pronouHcc on the following points: -- On the °™^' Redress and CEconomy drawn up for the West India Company and heretofore transmitted to the Provinces. Secondly, that extract of a Writing transmitted on the yV instant by the Chamber at Amsterdam to them, their High Mightinesses' Deputies, respecting the Tradeto New Netrade to be carried on with New Netherland from other cities of the United theriand. Netherlands besides Amsterdam, be sent to the respective Chambers of the West India Company, with request that the said Chambers speedily send some person hither Vol I. 48

. --

378 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. from among them, charged and authorized to confer with their High Mightinesses' deputies on the entire subject of New Netherland. Thirdly, that a letter be written to the President and

President and sut'up''eme Council in Brazil, also to the Lieutenant General of the Military there, ^""""^ '" Kif. in answer to the news and despatches of the 13"" December last, to encourage LI. Geni. schoppe. jj^g,^ jg jj^g defence and maintenance of the forts and country there, with notice Defence and mam- , ''

InTiandl'^n B^- ''^^^ their High Mightinesses have sent a reinforcement thither of twelve ships, "'' . . provisions, money for the pay of the soldiers, and supplies of shoes and stockings oiher Buppiies. ^^ be delivered to the Military, at such price as they are purchased here; all

amounting to one hundred and twenty thousand guilders cash, and thirty thousand guilders in the aforesaid necessaries purchased in this country. Whereupon deliberation being had, it is hereby resolved and determined on the first point to request the deputies of the Provinces present to be so good as to communicate the provincial opinion of their respective principals, regarding the aforesaid points for Redress and (Economy in the affairs of the aforesaid Company.

InTiandl'^n B^- ''^^^ their High Mightinesses have sent a reinforcement thither of twelve ships, "'' . . provisions, money for the pay of the soldiers, and supplies of shoes and stockings oiher Buppiies. ^^ be delivered to the Military, at such price as they are purchased here; all

amounting to one hundred and twenty thousand guilders cash, and thirty thousand guilders in the aforesaid necessaries purchased in this country. Whereupon deliberation being had, it is hereby resolved and determined on the first point to request the deputies of the Provinces present to be so good as to communicate the provincial opinion of their respective principals, regarding the aforesaid points for Redress and (Economy in the affairs of the aforesaid Company. On the above mentioned second point it is resolved and concluded, that extract of the aforesaid writing shall be sent to the respetive Chambers of the above named Company, with request and desire, that each of them shall depute hither one or two directors against the 25"" instant, fully empowered and authorized to confer in the aforesaid case with the Lords their High Mightinesses' deputies over the whole subject of New Netherland. On the abovenamed third point, it is resolved and concluded, that agreeably to the plan therein proposed, the President and Supreme Council in Brazil, and, mutatis mutandis, Lieutenant General Schoppe shall be written to and be respectively encouraged to the defence and maintenance of the forts and countries of Brazil.

States General to the Amsterdam Chamber of the West India Company. [ From the Register of Uilgenanc Brieven of the Stales General, in the Eoyal Archives at the Hagne. ]

On the abovenamed third point, it is resolved and concluded, that agreeably to the plan therein proposed, the President and Supreme Council in Brazil, and, mutatis mutandis, Lieutenant General Schoppe shall be written to and be respectively encouraged to the defence and maintenance of the forts and countries of Brazil.

States General to the Amsterdam Chamber of the West India Company. [ From the Register of Uilgenanc Brieven of the Stales General, in the Eoyal Archives at the Hagne. ]

To the Amsterdam Chamber of the West India Company. The States General, etc. Foiioss. Honorable, &c. We have had an extract made, as annexed hereunto, of the information you sent on the ll"" instant to the Lords, our Committee, for the affairs of the West India Company of these parts, so far as mention was made, in the aforesaid information, Nevr Netherid. of frequenting New Netherland and of its trade, and transmitted said extract to the other Chambers of said Company respectively, with request that they will depute hither one or two of their Board against the 25"' inst., fully empowered and authorized to confer with said Lords, our Deputies, on the whole subject of New Netherland; Whereof we have resolved to notify you hereby, and likewise to request and desire you to depute hither by the abovementioned prefixed day, one or two of your Board fully empowered and authorized for the end aforesaid. Wherein fail not. Done IS"- March, 1G50.

:

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS: V. 379

Slates General to the other Chambers of the West India Company. [ From the Register of UUgegane Brieven of the States Genera], in the IZoyal Archives at the Hague. ]

We have had an extract made, as annexed hereunto, of the information you sent on the ll"" instant to the Lords, our Committee, for the affairs of the West India Company of these parts, so far as mention was made, in the aforesaid information, Nevr Netherid. of frequenting New Netherland and of its trade, and transmitted said extract to the other Chambers of said Company respectively, with request that they will depute hither one or two of their Board against the 25"' inst., fully empowered and authorized to confer with said Lords, our Deputies, on the whole subject of New Netherland; Whereof we have resolved to notify you hereby, and likewise to request and desire you to depute hither by the abovementioned prefixed day, one or two of your Board fully empowered and authorized for the end aforesaid. Wherein fail not. Done IS"- March, 1G50.

:

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS: V. 379

Slates General to the other Chambers of the West India Company. [ From the Register of UUgegane Brieven of the States Genera], in the IZoyal Archives at the Hague. ]

To all the Chambers of the West India Company except that at Amsterdam. The States General, etc. Foiioss. Herewith is sent an extract from written information which Honorable, &c. the Directors of the West India Company, at Amsterdam, transmitted on the IJ"" instant to New Netheriand, our Committee in the matter of the West India Company of these parts. As mention is made in the aforesaid information of the resort to New Netherland and its trade, we, therefore, hereby request and require you to depute one or two of your Board hither by the 25"" instant, fully empowered and instructed on the whole New Netherland business, to confer thereupon with our Committee. Wherein fail not. Done 12'" March, 1650.

Herewith is sent an extract from written information which Honorable, &c. the Directors of the West India Company, at Amsterdam, transmitted on the IJ"" instant to New Netheriand, our Committee in the matter of the West India Company of these parts. As mention is made in the aforesaid information of the resort to New Netherland and its trade, we, therefore, hereby request and require you to depute one or two of your Board hither by the 25"" instant, fully empowered and instructed on the whole New Netherland business, to confer thereupon with our Committee. Wherein fail not. Done 12'" March, 1650.

Draft of a Contract to convey Emigrants to New Netherland. [ From the Minute in the Eojal ArchiFes at the Hague ; File, West Indie, ]

This day, the 19"" of March, 1G50, the Committee of the Amsterdam Chamber of the West India Company on the one part, and Adriaen van der Donck, Jacob van Couwenhoven and Jan Evertsen Bout, on the other part, have mutually agreed and concluded, in the presence of their High Mightinesses' Deputies That the aforesaid Van der Donck, Couwenhoven and Bout will undertake, as they do hereby contract to charter a suitable fly-boat of 200 lasts and therein to go to sea before the first of June next, and convey to New Netherland the number of 200 passengers, of which

100 are to be farmers and farm servants, and the remaining 100 such as the Amsterdam Chamber is accustomed to send over, conversant with agriculture, and to furnish them with necessary supplies for the voyage on the condition that the aforesaid Committee of the Company shall allow the New Netherland contractors here to have, or to draw from the duties New Netherland the sum which, after this date, will be paid to the Company on freights for of four thousand guilders cash, to pay present expenses; the subject of duty, redress, and New Netherland freedoms remaining for the more full disposition of their High Mightinesses and the Directors of the West India Company.

100 are to be farmers and farm servants, and the remaining 100 such as the Amsterdam Chamber is accustomed to send over, conversant with agriculture, and to furnish them with necessary supplies for the voyage on the condition that the aforesaid Committee of the Company shall allow the New Netherland contractors here to have, or to draw from the duties New Netherland the sum which, after this date, will be paid to the Company on freights for of four thousand guilders cash, to pay present expenses; the subject of duty, redress, and New Netherland freedoms remaining for the more full disposition of their High Mightinesses and the Directors of the West India Company. The Committee of the Company shall immediately make an assignment of such funds, together with seven thousand guilders additional, to be drawn in New Netherland from the peltry revenue, amounting, in all, to the sum of eleven thousand guilders, the further sums derived from board and passage, if any there be, remaining for the profit and behoof of them the New Netherland, contractors, without they, or the aforesaid hundred gratuitously conveyed persons, demanding anything further from the Company, or taxing them not even one stiver beyond the said eleven thousand guilders. The contractors shall, also, bind the aforemeotioned two hundred conveyed persons to remain there at least three years, unless some of them, for pregnant reasons, may obtain, from ths

380 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS. Council in New IVetherland, permission to return earlier, and not allow them to depart without firstpaying double the amount of the passage, and in case it come to pass that the aforesaid two hundred persons be not put on ship-board within the aforesaid time, so as to be able to go to sea, the aforesaid Van der Donck, Couwenhoven and Boudt, shall forfeit to the Company, from their private property, in addition to the restitution of the 4000 guilders received for present expenses, the sum of two thousand guilders at once, without the Company being further bound for the aforesaid passage or board money.

Council in New IVetherland, permission to return earlier, and not allow them to depart without firstpaying double the amount of the passage, and in case it come to pass that the aforesaid two hundred persons be not put on ship-board within the aforesaid time, so as to be able to go to sea, the aforesaid Van der Donck, Couwenhoven and Boudt, shall forfeit to the Company, from their private property, in addition to the restitution of the 4000 guilders received for present expenses, the sum of two thousand guilders at once, without the Company being further bound for the aforesaid passage or board money. And the West India Company shall be privileged, whenever said 200 persons are brought on board, to cause to be inspected the ship and the people, if these be qualified as aforesaid. And the New Netherland contractors declare that they do not intend to derive any profit beyond the return of cost which must be disbursed to obtain the passengers; they also bind themselves, the costs being deducted, to leave any overplus there may be, to be applied next year to the like conveyance of farmers or farm servants; whereunto they each oblige themse\\es in sotiditm and under renunciation of division, and also subject their goods to all courts and judges. Thus agreed and concluded, and signed by the Contractors, on both sides, at the Hague, on the day and year aforesaid.

Hesolution of the States General on the preceding.

[ From the Eegister of West India Affairs, 16a9 -- 1651, in the Eoyal Archives at the Hague. ]

And the New Netherland contractors declare that they do not intend to derive any profit beyond the return of cost which must be disbursed to obtain the passengers; they also bind themselves, the costs being deducted, to leave any overplus there may be, to be applied next year to the like conveyance of farmers or farm servants; whereunto they each oblige themse\\es in sotiditm and under renunciation of division, and also subject their goods to all courts and judges. Thus agreed and concluded, and signed by the Contractors, on both sides, at the Hague, on the day and year aforesaid.

Hesolution of the States General on the preceding.

[ From the Eegister of West India Affairs, 16a9 -- 1651, in the Eoyal Archives at the Hague. ]

Wednesday, 23"' March, 1650. Folio 545. The report of Mess" van Aertsbergen and other their High Migtinesses' New Netherland. previous Committee for the affairs of the West India Company in treaty with pa^ngere^hithe"r?° the actual delegates from New Netherland relative to the conveyance to that country of two hundred passengers, and the conditions thereof, and the remarks of the Directors of the West India Company present, being heard, the Lords of Holland requested copy thereof, and the matter is meanwhile postponed.

Resolution of the States of Holland and Westfriesland.

Dele atesfromNew Assembly is advised that some Delegates from New Netherland having '^^^ Netherland. come here with power to convey from this country to that, a considerable number of farmers and other people, but that the aforesaid district being under the West India Company's jurisdiction, the Directors of said Company intend to draw some duties from the aforesaid country of New Netherland. Whereupon deliberation being had, it is resolved that the Directors of the aforesaid Company shall be heard on the aforesaid work and the gentlemen from Amsterdam are ;

Dele atesfromNew Assembly is advised that some Delegates from New Netherland having '^^^ Netherland. come here with power to convey from this country to that, a considerable number of farmers and other people, but that the aforesaid district being under the West India Company's jurisdiction, the Directors of said Company intend to draw some duties from the aforesaid country of New Netherland. Whereupon deliberation being had, it is resolved that the Directors of the aforesaid Company shall be heard on the aforesaid work and the gentlemen from Amsterdam are ;

allowed copy of what the above mentioned Delegates have communicated to the General Assembly (ter Gcneraliteit), and that meanwhile the aforesaid matter shall be left undisposed of. 24 March, 1650.

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS: V. 381

Chamber of Groningen to the States General. [ From the Original in the Royal Archives at the Hague ; Loketkm of the States General ; Division, West Iiulische Compagnie, No. 80.]

High and Mighty Lords. We learn from a reliable source, that by your High Mightinesses' order, the Amsterdam Chamber of the West India Company is authorized to lay on a ship for Brazil and we have ;

lying at Amsterdam a lot of forty barrels of beef, each weighing 500"", well packed in iron bound barrels, which through want of opportunity cannot be cleared nor conveyed to Brazil, and even did occasion present, no one would be willing to receive the aforesaid beef unless the freight were previously paid, which it is impossible for us to do. And considering that provisions will be in the greatest demand in Brazil, we request your High Mightinesses to be pleased to order that the aforesaid forty barrels be shipped in this vessel now put on, and be therein conveyed to Brazil. Further, we duly received your High Mightinesses' letter of the 12"" instant slilo loci, that we should confer at the Hague with your High Mightinesses' Committee on the 26"" March, on the subject of the resort to New Netherland and of its trade, upon certain information transmitted by the Amsterdam Directors to your High Mightinesses' Committee for the afiairs of the West India Company, we would not willingly fail to depute thither some one of our Chamber, but inasmuch as we possess very little knowledge thereof, having never traded to that place; and as in these ham times every e.xpense must be avoided, we therefore request your High Mightinesses will be pleased to excuse us in this instance.

Further, we duly received your High Mightinesses' letter of the 12"" instant slilo loci, that we should confer at the Hague with your High Mightinesses' Committee on the 26"" March, on the subject of the resort to New Netherland and of its trade, upon certain information transmitted by the Amsterdam Directors to your High Mightinesses' Committee for the afiairs of the West India Company, we would not willingly fail to depute thither some one of our Chamber, but inasmuch as we possess very little knowledge thereof, having never traded to that place; and as in these ham times every e.xpense must be avoided, we therefore request your High Mightinesses will be pleased to excuse us in this instance. We will, meanwhile, conform ourselves to whatever your High Mightinesses' Committee, with the assistance of the Directors delegated from the other Chambers, shall do and determine in the premises. Herewith concluding, we will commend you. High and Mighty Lords, to God's Holy protection. Your High Mightinesses' obedient friends. The Directors of the West India Company at the Chamber of Stadt Groningen and Ommelanden. Done, Groningen, the 14"' March, 1650. (Signed) Rengers. Received 31 March, 1650.

Resolution of the States General.

[ From the Register of West India Affairs, 1638--1651, in the Eoyal Archives at the Haguo. ]

Thursday, 31" March, 1650. Folio 54S. Received a from the Directors of the West India Company at the letter Chamber at Gronin- Chamber of the city of Groningen and Ommelanden, written at Groningen, Provisions for Bra- the 14"" iustant stilo loci, regarding the sending provisions to Brazil, and also the New Netherland. of New Netherland. affair Whereupon, deliberation being had, it is resolved and concluded that the aforesaid letter shall be placed in the hands of Mess" van Aertzbergea and other their High Mightinesses' deputies for the affairs of the West India Company, to inspect, examine and to report upon it.

Received a from the Directors of the West India Company at the letter Chamber at Gronin- Chamber of the city of Groningen and Ommelanden, written at Groningen, Provisions for Bra- the 14"" iustant stilo loci, regarding the sending provisions to Brazil, and also the New Netherland. of New Netherland. affair Whereupon, deliberation being had, it is resolved and concluded that the aforesaid letter shall be placed in the hands of Mess" van Aertzbergea and other their High Mightinesses' deputies for the affairs of the West India Company, to inspect, examine and to report upon it.

382 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS.

Resolution of the States General.

[From the Register of West India Affairs, 163S -- 1651, In the Eoyal ArehWea at the Hague.]

Friday, the 1" April 1650. Folio 543. On representation made to the Assembly by Mess" van Aertsbergen and other their High Mightinesses' deputies for the affairs of the West India Company, it is, after Pieter stuyvpsanL previous deliberation, resolved and concluded that Pieter Stuyvesant Director and the other Councillors in New iVetherland, shall be written to that their High Mightinesses are engaged in deliberation with the Directors of the West India Company on subjects appertaining Affairs or New *° ''^^ population and prosperity of New Netherland aforesaid, and meanwhile Neiheriand. j^^^^ licensed somc persons delegated hither from the Commonalty there, to return home, requiring him, Stuyvesant, and the other Councillors there not to trouble nor molest such persons, who came from New Netherland and will again return thither, for representations which may have been made here. And whereas it is considered necessary that the population now under consideration be favored and encouraged in every way, their High Mightinesses charge him, the Director, and Council to take care that the country be not divested of Guns, horses, cows, horses and cows, also that provisions be retained to supply arriving Colonists, and the inhabitants generally furnished with arms necessary for their defence, and the guns stamped ; the aforesaid New Netherland delegates being to that end allowed to purchase and carry over two hundred guns for distribution according to the order to be issued thereunto by their High Mightinesses; and to that end all inhabitants shall be forbidden henceforth to sell stamped guns and to export, or cause to be exported, any horses or cows without the permission of the Council.

And whereas it is considered necessary that the population now under consideration be favored and encouraged in every way, their High Mightinesses charge him, the Director, and Council to take care that the country be not divested of Guns, horses, cows, horses and cows, also that provisions be retained to supply arriving Colonists, and the inhabitants generally furnished with arms necessary for their defence, and the guns stamped ; the aforesaid New Netherland delegates being to that end allowed to purchase and carry over two hundred guns for distribution according to the order to be issued thereunto by their High Mightinesses; and to that end all inhabitants shall be forbidden henceforth to sell stamped guns and to export, or cause to be exported, any horses or cows without the permission of the Council. Further, that said guns shall be distributed among the inhabitants of the city of ^evf Amsterdam and those who are capable of bearing arms, and also to other families spread throughout the Country, who shall be expressly ordered and obliged to keep their guns in good condition and to supply themselves with necessary powder, causing pertinent record to be kept of the guns distributed as aforesaid, in order that they be inspected and examined every three months; and should any guns remain over, they must be secured in the public store, and this conclusion is proposed by Mr. van Renswoude.

States General to the Director^ c6c., of New Netherland. [From the Eegiater of Vitgegam Brieten. of the States General, in the Eoyal Archives at the Ilague. ]

Further, that said guns shall be distributed among the inhabitants of the city of ^evf Amsterdam and those who are capable of bearing arms, and also to other families spread throughout the Country, who shall be expressly ordered and obliged to keep their guns in good condition and to supply themselves with necessary powder, causing pertinent record to be kept of the guns distributed as aforesaid, in order that they be inspected and examined every three months; and should any guns remain over, they must be secured in the public store, and this conclusion is proposed by Mr. van Renswoude.

States General to the Director^ c6c., of New Netherland. [From the Eegiater of Vitgegam Brieten. of the States General, in the Eoyal Archives at the Ilague. ]

The States General, etc. Folio 47. Honorable, etc. We continue daily to turn our attention to the prosperity of New Netherland interests, and are therefore occupied in deliberations with the Directors Population of New Wcst India Company, on the peopling of said New Netherland and its °^ '•'^'^ Netheriana. dependencies. Meanwhile, we have permitted some persons delegated hither from the Commonalty of that place, to return there requiring you, therefore, neither to trouble

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS: V. 383

nor molest those who came from New Netherland, and are about to return thither, on account of any representations that may have been made here ; and whereas we deem it expedient, that the population, which is now needed, should be favored and encouraged in every way, we direct and order you to take care that the country be not divested of horses and cows; also that supplies of provisions be reserved for the arriving colonists, and that the inhabitants be furnished with arms necessary for their defence, and the guns stamped, wherefore the delegates from New Netherland are allowed to purchase and convey thither two hundred guns, to be distributed according to the order by us given.

nor molest those who came from New Netherland, and are about to return thither, on account of any representations that may have been made here ; and whereas we deem it expedient, that the population, which is now needed, should be favored and encouraged in every way, we direct and order you to take care that the country be not divested of horses and cows; also that supplies of provisions be reserved for the arriving colonists, and that the inhabitants be furnished with arms necessary for their defence, and the guns stamped, wherefore the delegates from New Netherland are allowed to purchase and convey thither two hundred guns, to be distributed according to the order by us given. And that, therefore, all inhabitants shall be forbidden henceforth to sell any stamped guns, and to export or cause to be exported, any horses or cows without permission of the Council. You shall, moreover, distribute the aforesaid guns among the inhabitants of the city of New Amsterdam, and to all those who are capable of bearing arms, and to other families scattered throughout the country, with express command that they shall be obliged to keep their guns in good order, and to provide themselves witii requisite powder, keeping correct register of the guns distributed as aforesaid, so that they may be inspected and examined every three months, and should any guns remain over, they shall be stored in the warehouse. Done the first April, 1650.

Resolution of the States General to invest Mr. van Rensselaer with Manorial Pr [ From the Register of Wcat Imlia Affairs, 1633 -- 1651, in the Eoyal Archives at the Hague. ]

You shall, moreover, distribute the aforesaid guns among the inhabitants of the city of New Amsterdam, and to all those who are capable of bearing arms, and to other families scattered throughout the country, with express command that they shall be obliged to keep their guns in good order, and to provide themselves witii requisite powder, keeping correct register of the guns distributed as aforesaid, so that they may be inspected and examined every three months, and should any guns remain over, they shall be stored in the warehouse. Done the first April, 1650.

Resolution of the States General to invest Mr. van Rensselaer with Manorial Pr [ From the Register of Wcat Imlia Affairs, 1633 -- 1651, in the Eoyal Archives at the Hague. ]

Thursday, 7"" April, 1650.

Folio 350. The report being heard of Messrs. van Aertzbergen and other their High Mightinesses' Committee for the affairs of the West India Company, who pursuant to their High Mightinesses' resolutions looked into and examined certain petition of the guardians of johan Tan Rens- Johan Van Renssclacr, minor son of Kiliaen van Renselaer deceased, whereby they laer's guardians. requcst their High Mightinesses to be pleased to grant the aforesaid Johan van Renselaer patent of investiture of High, Middle and Low jurisdiction over a certain Colonie in New Netherland, called Rensselaer's-Wyck, together with fishing, fowling, and milling to the exclusion of all others; it is after previous deliberation hereby resolved and concluded to allow and accord the Petitioners' request, on condition that they shall previously designate the bounds and district of the aforesaid Colonie called Rensselaer's-Wyck, in order that after the same is seen and examined by their High Mightinesses, further disposition shall be made as to the issuing of the aforesaid patent of investiture.

The report being heard of Messrs. van Aertzbergen and other their High Mightinesses' Committee for the affairs of the West India Company, who pursuant to their High Mightinesses' resolutions looked into and examined certain petition of the guardians of johan Tan Rens- Johan Van Renssclacr, minor son of Kiliaen van Renselaer deceased, whereby they laer's guardians. requcst their High Mightinesses to be pleased to grant the aforesaid Johan van Renselaer patent of investiture of High, Middle and Low jurisdiction over a certain Colonie in New Netherland, called Rensselaer's-Wyck, together with fishing, fowling, and milling to the exclusion of all others; it is after previous deliberation hereby resolved and concluded to allow and accord the Petitioners' request, on condition that they shall previously designate the bounds and district of the aforesaid Colonie called Rensselaer's-Wyck, in order that after the same is seen and examined by their High Mightinesses, further disposition shall be made as to the issuing of the aforesaid patent of investiture.

384 NEW- YORK COLONIAL MANUSCRIPTS.

Resolution of the States General admitting D. ran Schelluyne to be Notary in New Netherland. [From the Eegister of West India Affairs, 163S -- 1651, in the Eoyal Archives at the Hagne.]

Friday, S"- April, 1650.

Folio 850. On the petition of Dirck van Schelluyne Notary here in the Hague, it is, after Kyneadmuied''Nl' previous deliberation, hereby resolved and concluded to admit the petitioner '*""" MiLd.^*" peaceably and quietly, in all loyalty, to exercise the office of Notary at the Manhatans, and further throughout the entire of NevF Netherland in all existing and future Colonies where the Petitioner elects his domicile, or by request or occasion may repair, without opposition or contradiction of the Director or any others, for the benefit of the Commonalty there; whereunto a commission in due form shall be issued for the petitioner.

On the petition of Dirck van Schelluyne Notary here in the Hague, it is, after Kyneadmuied''Nl' previous deliberation, hereby resolved and concluded to admit the petitioner '*""" MiLd.^*" peaceably and quietly, in all loyalty, to exercise the office of Notary at the Manhatans, and further throughout the entire of NevF Netherland in all existing and future Colonies where the Petitioner elects his domicile, or by request or occasion may repair, without opposition or contradiction of the Director or any others, for the benefit of the Commonalty there; whereunto a commission in due form shall be issued for the petitioner.

Commission of Dirch van Schelluyne as Notary in Neto Netherland. [ From the Aete-Boek of the States General, in the Royal Archives at the Hagne. ]

Commission to Dirck van Schelluyne, Notary here in the Hague, authorizing and appointing him to exercise said office of Notary in New Netherland.

Folio 29.The States General of the United Netherlands. To all those who shall see Know Ye Whereas We have received the humble petition these or hear them read, Health. :

to us presented by Dirck van Schelluyne Notary here at the Hague, to empower him to exercise said Notarial profession at the Manhattans, and further throughout the whole of New Netherland in all existing and future Colonies thereof. Therefore, on account of the good report made to Us of Dirck van Schelluyne aforesaid, and of his utility and fitness, fully confiding in his industry and fidelity. We, the aforesaid Dirck van Schelluyne have appointed and authorized, and do hereby appoint and authorize, to e.xercise the aforesaid profession of Notary at the abovenamed Manhatans and further throughout the whole of New Netherland, in all actual and future Colonies, where the petitioner keeps his domicile, or may on request or occasion, repair, giving him full power, to draw up all Declarations, Testaments, Codicils, Instruments, preliminary Informations, Mercantile and Marriage Contracts, and other acts, stipulations necessarily of use to the Commonalty, and moreover to do all things that a good and faithful Notary may and ought to do, on condition that he shall be bound to take at Our hands the usual oath for the due e.xecution of his office, which being done.

We, the aforesaid Dirck van Schelluyne have appointed and authorized, and do hereby appoint and authorize, to e.xercise the aforesaid profession of Notary at the abovenamed Manhatans and further throughout the whole of New Netherland, in all actual and future Colonies, where the petitioner keeps his domicile, or may on request or occasion, repair, giving him full power, to draw up all Declarations, Testaments, Codicils, Instruments, preliminary Informations, Mercantile and Marriage Contracts, and other acts, stipulations necessarily of use to the Commonalty, and moreover to do all things that a good and faithful Notary may and ought to do, on condition that he shall be bound to take at Our hands the usual oath for the due e.xecution of his office, which being done. We request and command the Director and Council, and all other Our subjects in the aforesaid Countries of New Netherland, who are now or may be hereafter commissioned thither, whom this may in any wise concern, to acknowledge the aforesaid petitioner for Notary, and to offer him no let or hindrance. Done at the Hague, the eighth of April XVP and fifty.

HOLLAND DOCUMENTS : V. 385

Resolution of the States of Holland and Westfriesland.

s-Mi Neiheriand ^^ ^^^ report of Mr. Paats that strong efforts are making in the General Dtiegaies. Assembly to get their Great Mightinesses there to cause to be introduced some Provincial motion on the petition of the delegates from New Netherland relative to the conveyance of two hundred or more farmers or other persons required in that country, and other matter appertaining thereunto. Whereupon deliberation being had, the members from Amsterdam are requested to communicate their opinions, as it is, in like manner, understood that the Chamber of the West India Company at Amsterdam shall be heard, thereupon.

Assembly to get their Great Mightinesses there to cause to be introduced some Provincial motion on the petition of the delegates from New Netherland relative to the conveyance of two hundred or more farmers or other persons required in that country, and other matter appertaining thereunto. Whereupon deliberation being had, the members from Amsterdam are requested to communicate their opinions, as it is, in like manner, understood that the Chamber of the West India Company at Amsterdam shall be heard, thereupon.

Delegates from Nero Neilierland to the Committee of the States General.

[ From the Original in the Royal Archives at the Hague ; LoketJcas of Iho Slare 8 General ; Euhric West Indische Compagnie, No. 30 ; Ulh division of Iheljundle. ]

To the Honorable, Mighty Lords Alexander van der Capelle of Heraesbergen, and the other their High Mightinesses' Committee on the Redress of New Netherland.

Honorable Mighty Lords. The delegates from New Netherland respectfully represent, that on the 30"" of March, they received letters from New Netherland, dispatched the 17"" December 1G49, copy whereof is hereunto annexed, together with certain protest and vote of Mr. L. van Dincklagen, Vice Director in New Netherland, signifying that everything in that country is in a very indifferent condition, and that the Commonalty there longs greatly for our good success and return, which are so highly necessary. Also, that ¥' Stuyvesant, the West India Company's Director, had exported to Barbadoes 20 horses in the vessel belonging to the Danish crown, which he had confiscated when we were in New Netherland. Also that he had purchased on credit at a high price payable in the Spring, all the provisions which were on hand and necessary there, as the rivers are closed by the ice, and prevent approach ; whereby the poor people are reduced And as these matters are of very bad consequence and produce to extremity and great scarcity. many inconveniencies for New Netherland, as we could specifically enumerate at large but which for brevity sake we shall here dismiss with only one word.

Also that he had purchased on credit at a high price payable in the Spring, all the provisions which were on hand and necessary there, as the rivers are closed by the ice, and prevent approach ; whereby the poor people are reduced And as these matters are of very bad consequence and produce to extremity and great scarcity. many inconveniencies for New Netherland, as we could specifically enumerate at large but which for brevity sake we shall here dismiss with only one word. Passing over the confiscation of the Danish ship, although it, too, is of dangerous consequences, we observe, as regards the loss of the horses, that it tends to the prejudice and great injury of the country and its population. This also appears from the protest of tiie [Vice] Director L. van Dincklagen, whom the Director, as appears by the accompanying letters, berated as a vagabond, though an honorable man and a Doctor of Law, and eventually excluded from the Council Chamber, for proposing something for the Country's good and the Company's advantage. Secondly, the exportation of the provisions, consisting in most part of grain and flour, is likewise injurious to the country and the people; for when the rivers in that country are closed, which commonly happens in December, no transportation can take place ;