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GETvIEALOGY COLLECTION

ALLEN COUNTY PUBLIC LIBRARY

3 1833 01149 0270

HISTORY ^

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

ITS FIRST SETTLEMENT

PRESENT TIME.

By ROBERT BOLTON. Jr.

AUTHOR OF THE " GUIDE TO NEW ROCHELLE," AND A MEMBER OF THE N. Y. HISTORICAL SOCIETY.

" It is the privilege of History to impart the experience of age, without its infirmities ; to bring back things long obscured by time, or sinking into oblivion ; and enable us to form some reasonable conjectures of what may happen to posterity." -- Paulson's Hist, of Holderness.

w.

NEW YORK: PRINTED BY ALEXANDER S. GOULD,

144 NASSAU STRKET.

1848.

Entered according to the Act of Congress in the year eighteen hundred and forty-eight

BY ROBERT BOLTON, JR. In the Clerk's Office of the District Court for the Southern District of New York.

HISTORY

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTEK

. 1231013

POUNDRIDGE.

PouNDRiDGE is situated fifteen miles northeast of the village of White Plains, and distant one hundred and thirty-nine miles from Albany ; bounded north and east by Lewisborough, south east by the state of Connecticut, and west by Bedford and North Castle.^ The name of this town is undoubtedly derived from the ancient Indian pound, which formerly stood at the foot of a high ridge, a little

jundndge.

Poundridge v\as organized on the 7th of March, 1788.

YOL. II.

2 . HISTORY OF THE ~ ' - , - .

south of the present village of that name. On account of its natural boundaries this section of country was peculiarly adapted for the favorite Indian practice of entrapping wild game. Upon the nortli the Stony mountains formed an impassable rampart, whilst the long chain of ponds and streams on the east line of the town closed up all avenues of escape in that direction.

2 . HISTORY OF THE ~ ' - , - .

south of the present village of that name. On account of its natural boundaries this section of country was peculiarly adapted for the favorite Indian practice of entrapping wild game. Upon the nortli the Stony mountains formed an impassable rampart, whilst the long chain of ponds and streams on the east line of the town closed up all avenues of escape in that direction. The Indians tlierefore availing themselves of these natural barriers, constructed a palisaded pound at the southern extremity of the ponds, into which they drove the wild game from the west. Van der Donck the historian informs us, "that the Indians frequently united in conjpanics of from one to two hundred, when they have rare sport. On these occasions they drive over a large district of land and kill much game. They also make extensive fikes with palisadoes; which are narrow at the terminating angles, wherein they drive multitudes of animals and take great numbers. At a word they are expert hunters for every kind of game, and know how to practice the best methods to insure success.''^- The shouts and yells of these savage huntsmen must have reverberated in frightful echoes from the neighboring woods and hills, serving no doubt much to bewilder their prey.

Poundridge was originally included in the Indian grant made to John Turner of iXew Haven, on the 1st of July, 1640. The sale is thus recorded in the town books of Stamford.

At a word they are expert hunters for every kind of game, and know how to practice the best methods to insure success.''^- The shouts and yells of these savage huntsmen must have reverberated in frightful echoes from the neighboring woods and hills, serving no doubt much to bewilder their prey.

Poundridge was originally included in the Indian grant made to John Turner of iXew Haven, on the 1st of July, 1640. The sale is thus recorded in the town books of Stamford.

" Bought of Por.usf^agamore of Toquams," (Stamford,) " and Wascussue, sagamore of Shippan, by me Nathaniel Turner of Qninnipiacke,"'' (New Haven,) "all the ground that belongs to both the above named sagamores, except a piece of ground which the aforesaid sagamore of Toquams reserved for his and the rest of the said Indians to plant on ; all which ground being expressed by meadows, uplands, grass, with the rivers and trees ; and in consideration hereof, I the said Nathaniel Turner am to give and bring or send to the above said sagamores within the space of one month, twelve coats, twelve hoes, twelve hatchets, twelve glasses, twelve knives, four kettles, and four fathom of white wampum ; all which land both we the said sagamores do promise faithfully to perform both for ourselves, our heirs, executors or assigns

a Van der Uonck's Hist, of N. N. New York Hist. Soc. Coll. New Series, vol. i. b Capt. Nathaniel Turner purchased in behalf of the people of New Haven.

" Bought of Por.usf^agamore of Toquams," (Stamford,) " and Wascussue, sagamore of Shippan, by me Nathaniel Turner of Qninnipiacke,"'' (New Haven,) "all the ground that belongs to both the above named sagamores, except a piece of ground which the aforesaid sagamore of Toquams reserved for his and the rest of the said Indians to plant on ; all which ground being expressed by meadows, uplands, grass, with the rivers and trees ; and in consideration hereof, I the said Nathaniel Turner am to give and bring or send to the above said sagamores within the space of one month, twelve coats, twelve hoes, twelve hatchets, twelve glasses, twelve knives, four kettles, and four fathom of white wampum ; all which land both we the said sagamores do promise faithfully to perform both for ourselves, our heirs, executors or assigns

a Van der Uonck's Hist, of N. N. New York Hist. Soc. Coll. New Series, vol. i. b Capt. Nathaniel Turner purchased in behalf of the people of New Haven.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 3

to the above said Nathaniel Turner of Quinnipiacke, his heirs, executors or assigns, and hereunto we have set our marks in the presence of many of the said Indians, they fully consenting thereto. ^

Witnessed by us. Ye marke of ^w Ponus, sagamore.

William Wilkes, Y'e marke of O Wascussue, sagamore.

James, &c. The marke of ^ Owenoke, the son of Ponus.

Rec'd in part payment, 12 glasses, 12 knives, 6 coats.

Besides Poundridge the above sale also embraced the present townships of Darien, Stamford, New Canaan, and the greater part of Bedford and Greenwich.

to the above said Nathaniel Turner of Quinnipiacke, his heirs, executors or assigns, and hereunto we have set our marks in the presence of many of the said Indians, they fully consenting thereto. ^

Witnessed by us. Ye marke of ^w Ponus, sagamore.

William Wilkes, Y'e marke of O Wascussue, sagamore.

James, &c. The marke of ^ Owenoke, the son of Ponus.

Rec'd in part payment, 12 glasses, 12 knives, 6 coats.

Besides Poundridge the above sale also embraced the present townships of Darien, Stamford, New Canaan, and the greater part of Bedford and Greenwich.

The planting grounds reserved by the sachem Ponus, were situated four miles south of Poundridge, in tlie vicinity of the street still bearings his name. In 1644, " the western Indians being at war with the Dutch, had communicated their hostile feelings to those around Stamford, who at this period numbered one thousand warriors; but the firmness and courage of Capt. John Underbill compelled the whole of them to sue for peace. Upon occasion of its ratification the Wappings of Stamford presented themselves with others at Fort Amsterdam, April 6ih, 1644.'' In 1655 occurs the following agreement between the inhabitants of Stamford and the Indian Sachem, Ponus, &c.

" Our agreement made with Ponus, Sagamore of Toquams, and with Onox his eldest son. Although there was an agreement made before with the said Indians and Captain Turner, and the purchases paid for, yet the things not being clear, and being very unsatisfied, we come to another agreement with Onox and Ponus for their land from the town plot of Stamford north about sixteen miles, and then to a marked white oak tree with ST, and from that tree we went towards the Mill river side, we marked another white oak tree with ST, and from that tree west we were to run four miles eastward, and from this east and west line we were to have further to the north, for our cattle to feed,

Although there was an agreement made before with the said Indians and Captain Turner, and the purchases paid for, yet the things not being clear, and being very unsatisfied, we come to another agreement with Onox and Ponus for their land from the town plot of Stamford north about sixteen miles, and then to a marked white oak tree with ST, and from that tree we went towards the Mill river side, we marked another white oak tree with ST, and from that tree west we were to run four miles eastward, and from this east and west line we were to have further to the north, for our cattle to feed,

a See Bedford.

b The Wappings were probably engaged " in the great battle fought between the Dutch and Indians in that part of Horseneck called Strickland's plain, now inclu» ded in the town of Greenwich, Connecticut." O'Callasrhan's Hist. N. N, 302,

4 HISTORY OF THE

full two miles further, the full breadth only, the said Indiana reserve for themselves liberty for their planting ground, and the above said Indians, Ponus and Onox, with all other Indians that be concerned in it, have surrendered all the said land &c., for and in consideration hereof, the said town of Stamford is to give the said Indians four coals which the Indians accept of as full satisfaction for the aforesaid lands although it waspaid before. Hereby all Ponus's posterity is cut off from making any claim or having any right to any part of the aforesaid land &c., the said Ponus and Onox his son, having this day received of Richard Lane, four coats, acknowledging themselves fully satisfied for the aforesiad land.

full two miles further, the full breadth only, the said Indiana reserve for themselves liberty for their planting ground, and the above said Indians, Ponus and Onox, with all other Indians that be concerned in it, have surrendered all the said land &c., for and in consideration hereof, the said town of Stamford is to give the said Indians four coals which the Indians accept of as full satisfaction for the aforesaid lands although it waspaid before. Hereby all Ponus's posterity is cut off from making any claim or having any right to any part of the aforesaid land &c., the said Ponus and Onox his son, having this day received of Richard Lane, four coats, acknowledging themselves fully satisfied for the aforesiad land.

Witness the said Indians hands this fifteenth day of August, A. D. 1655.

Witness William Newman, ... Ponus _/V\ his mark,

Richard Lewis. ' ": - Onox o his mark.

Upon the 7th of January, 1667, Taphance son of Ponus and Powhag or Pinaghag son of Onox, confirnied to the people of Stamford the agreement of 1655. By these sales Poundridge became a part of Stamford township, within Fairfield Coimty.

On the 26th of May, 1685, the general court of Connecticut issued the following patent to the inhabitants of Stamford, embracing all those lands

" Bounded on the south west by ye five mile brook, between Stamford aforesaid and Norwalk, from the mouth of the said brook, till it meet with the cross path, that is, where the county road crosses the said river, and from thence to run up into ye country till twelve miles be run out upon the same line, that is between Stamford and Fairfield, and upon the west, to Totomak brook, where the lowermost path or road that now is to Greenwich, east by ye said brook, and from thence to run in a straight line to the west end of a line drawn from the falls of Stamford mill river, which line is to run a due west point towards Greenwich bounds, a short mile, and from the west end at the said line, to run due north, to the north of ye present country road to Rye, and from thence to run up into the country, the same line that is between Norwalk and Stamford, to the end of the bounds, the said land having been by purchase or otherwise, lawfully obtained of the Indians, native proprietors.

" Bounded on the south west by ye five mile brook, between Stamford aforesaid and Norwalk, from the mouth of the said brook, till it meet with the cross path, that is, where the county road crosses the said river, and from thence to run up into ye country till twelve miles be run out upon the same line, that is between Stamford and Fairfield, and upon the west, to Totomak brook, where the lowermost path or road that now is to Greenwich, east by ye said brook, and from thence to run in a straight line to the west end of a line drawn from the falls of Stamford mill river, which line is to run a due west point towards Greenwich bounds, a short mile, and from the west end at the said line, to run due north, to the north of ye present country road to Rye, and from thence to run up into the country, the same line that is between Norwalk and Stamford, to the end of the bounds, the said land having been by purchase or otherwise, lawfully obtained of the Indians, native proprietors. And whereas, the proprietors the aforesaid inhabitants of Stamford, in the colony of Connecticut, have made application to the Gov. and company of the said colony of Connecticut, assembled in court, 25th May, lf:85, that they may have a patent for confirmation of the aforesaid land, so purchased and granted to them as aforesaid, and which they have stood seized and quietly possessed of for many years late past, without interruption. Now, for a more full confirmation of the aforesaid lands, as it is butted and bounded aforesaid.

And whereas, the proprietors the aforesaid inhabitants of Stamford, in the colony of Connecticut, have made application to the Gov. and company of the said colony of Connecticut, assembled in court, 25th May, lf:85, that they may have a patent for confirmation of the aforesaid land, so purchased and granted to them as aforesaid, and which they have stood seized and quietly possessed of for many years late past, without interruption. Now, for a more full confirmation of the aforesaid lands, as it is butted and bounded aforesaid.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. .5

unto ye present proprietors of the said town of Stamford, &c. &i. Know ye, that the said Gov. and company aforesaid, in general court, according- to the conditions granted to them by his majesty in his charter, have given and granted, and by these presents, do give, grant, ratify and confirm, unto Mr. John Bishop, Mr. Richard Lowe, Capt. Johnathan Silleck, Capt. John Silleck, Lt. Francis Bill, Lt. Jonathan Bull, Ensign John Bales, Mr. Abraham Ambler, Mr. Peter Ferris and Mr. Joshua Hoyt, and the rest of the said present proprietors of the township of Stamford, their heirs, successors and assignees forever, the aforesaid parcel of land as it is batted and bounded together, with, &c. &c., that the aforesaid tract of land, shall be forever hereafter deemed, reputed, and be an entire township of itself, to have and to hold the said tract of land, premises, &c. &c., yielding rendering and paying therefore to our sovereign Lord the king, his heirs and successors, his dues according to charter. In witness whereof, we have caused the seal of the colony to be hereunto affixed, this 26th of May, 1685, in ye first year of the reign of our Lord King James the second, &c. &c.

Joshua Hoyt, and the rest of the said present proprietors of the township of Stamford, their heirs, successors and assignees forever, the aforesaid parcel of land as it is batted and bounded together, with, &c. &c., that the aforesaid tract of land, shall be forever hereafter deemed, reputed, and be an entire township of itself, to have and to hold the said tract of land, premises, &c. &c., yielding rendering and paying therefore to our sovereign Lord the king, his heirs and successors, his dues according to charter. In witness whereof, we have caused the seal of the colony to be hereunto affixed, this 26th of May, 1685, in ye first year of the reign of our Lord King James the second, &c. &c.

Robert Treat, Gov.

This patent included the southern portion of Poundridge; for, until the final arrangement of the boundary lines in 1731, Stamford extended four miles into the present town.

Upon the temporary settlement of the colonial lines, A. D. 1701, we find the Indian sachem Catonah, confirming Robert Walters and others in these lands.

"This indenture, made the 25th of Feb. 1701, betvvi.xt Robert Walters John Chollvvell, Leigh Atwood, Cornelius Depeyster, Richard Slater, Barne Cosens, Lancaster Symes, Matthew Ciarkson, Robert Lurting, Peter Matthews and Caleb Healhcote of the one part, and Sagamore, Katonah, Wakemane and Weewanessege, Indians, of the other, for the consideration of a certain sum in hand paid by the said Robert Walters, &c., at and before the ensealing and delivering of these presents. The receipt whereof they do hereby acknowledge, &c. &c., have given, granted, bargained and sold, aliened, enfeoffed, released and confirmed, and do by these presents, clearly and absolutely give, grant, bargain and sell, alien, enfeoff, release and confirm, unto the said Robert Walters, &c., a certain parcel or tract of land, lying and being in the county of Westchester, in the province of New York, butted and bounded as follovveth, viz., westward by Bedford and by the patent granted to Caleb Healhcote and others, northerly by Col.

The receipt whereof they do hereby acknowledge, &c. &c., have given, granted, bargained and sold, aliened, enfeoffed, released and confirmed, and do by these presents, clearly and absolutely give, grant, bargain and sell, alien, enfeoff, release and confirm, unto the said Robert Walters, &c., a certain parcel or tract of land, lying and being in the county of Westchester, in the province of New York, butted and bounded as follovveth, viz., westward by Bedford and by the patent granted to Caleb Healhcote and others, northerly by Col. Cortlandt's purchase and Croton's run, southerly and easterly by colony lines, to have and to hold, &c. &c.»

The mark of ^ Catonah.

* Indian deeds, Alb. Rec. warrant for Survey, Lib. i. 100.

6 HISTORY OF THE

On the 2d day of March, 1701, William the third, by his royal - letters patent, under the great seal of the colony of New York, did grant and confirm unto Robert Walters, John Choi well, Leigli Atwood, Cornelius Depeyster, Richard Slater, Barne Cosens, Lancaster Symes, Matthew Clarkson, Robert Lnrting, Peter Matthews and Caleb Heathcote, a certain tract of land in the county of Westchester. .... ,

"Bounded to the south by the east division line between the province of New York and the colony of Connecticut, and on the east by the other division line, and so along the said line, until it meet with the patent of Adolph

. Philips, and so along his southern boundaries, till it meet the patent of the manor of Cortlandt, and from thence by a line thajt shall run upon a direct course, until it meet with the end of the first easterly line of twenty miles of the said manor of Cortlandt, and from thence, along the said line westerly, until it meet with the patent granted, to Robert Walters and others : then, southerly, along the said patent, until it meet with the bounds of the township of Bedford, and thence along the said bounds, till it meet with the patent

Philips, and so along his southern boundaries, till it meet the patent of the manor of Cortlandt, and from thence by a line thajt shall run upon a direct course, until it meet with the end of the first easterly line of twenty miles of the said manor of Cortlandt, and from thence, along the said line westerly, until it meet with the patent granted, to Robert Walters and others : then, southerly, along the said patent, until it meet with the bounds of the township of Bedford, and thence along the said bounds, till it meet with the patent

• granted to Col. Caleb Heathcote and others; and, along the bounds of the said patent, unto the colony line, which said tract of land, on the 25th day of February, was by the said Robert Walters, in his aforesaid company purchased of the native Indian proprietors, &c. &c.

This grant was subsequently known by the name of the Easi PateJit.

The same year occurs the following confirmation from the Indian sagamore Catonah to the " inhabitants of Stamford, in their former sales under ye hands of Taphance, son of Ponus, and Penaghag, son of Onox."

" We the said Catonah and other Indians do by these presents sell and fix bounds as followeth, that is to say westward as far as ye west bounds of Bedford purchase, bounded north by ye south side of Bedford purchase and by ye Stone hills, upon a straight line eastward unto ye upper end of ye Long Pond, and from thence an east line until it meets with a line drawn north from ye

" We the said Catonah and other Indians do by these presents sell and fix bounds as followeth, that is to say westward as far as ye west bounds of Bedford purchase, bounded north by ye south side of Bedford purchase and by ye Stone hills, upon a straight line eastward unto ye upper end of ye Long Pond, and from thence an east line until it meets with a line drawn north from ye

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 7

npper end of Five Mile river, which is ye east line of our several purchases, and we, ye said Catonah and other Indians, give, grant, and quit-claim all ye meadows, trees, feedmg grounds, rivers, pools, and other privileges that doth belong to ye said lands and meadows within to ye southwards of ye north bounds above mentioned unto ye said inhabitants of Stamford, &c., &c. Also, we do acknowledge by these presents to have received of ye said inhabitants a considerable and valuable sum of money for all ye said lands, &c. It is to be understood that ye above said Catonah and other Indians doth by these presents confirm all ye said old deeds of Taphance, Ponus and Penaghag, and old Onox, also young Onox, also that deed made to Captain Turner in behalf of ye town of Stamford, also that deed of Nonatomonoa, that is to say, a quit-claim to any parte or parcel of lands and meadows within ye said bounds above mentioned. In witness of truth, we whose names are underwritten have hereunto set our marks and seals, at Stamford, this eighth day of July, 1701.

It is to be understood that ye above said Catonah and other Indians doth by these presents confirm all ye said old deeds of Taphance, Ponus and Penaghag, and old Onox, also young Onox, also that deed made to Captain Turner in behalf of ye town of Stamford, also that deed of Nonatomonoa, that is to say, a quit-claim to any parte or parcel of lands and meadows within ye said bounds above mentioned. In witness of truth, we whose names are underwritten have hereunto set our marks and seals, at Stamford, this eighth day of July, 1701.

Signed, sealed and The marke of Catonah ji^ sagamore,

delivered in the presence The marke of Maninus o

of John O. The marke of Wequacumoke r^

The marke of Kenhoctam '^ The marke of Pepiamah >■

The marke of Kamhorne t"' The rnarke of Wokea M

The marke of Syngo ^ The marke of Papaumema o!

The marke of Arutar O The marke of Temon <1

The marke of Pohorus O The marke of Mockea ><!

By the final settlement of the boundary lines on May 14th, 1731, Poundridge was transferred to the Province of Psew York.

In 1744. John Crawford was appointed assessor for the East Patetit.^

The following items are from the town records.

Old Poundridge, April ye first day, 1760.

At a town meeting held at the house of Ebenezer Lockwood, in said Old Pound in Westchester county, under ye Province of New York, we the freeholders, inhabitants and residents proceeded as follows ; first, by major vote, Joseph Lockwood to be town clerk, and by major vote William Forster to be constable, &c., (fee.

John Crawford was appointed assessor for the East Patetit.^

The following items are from the town records.

Old Poundridge, April ye first day, 1760.

At a town meeting held at the house of Ebenezer Lockwood, in said Old Pound in Westchester county, under ye Province of New York, we the freeholders, inhabitants and residents proceeded as follows ; first, by major vote, Joseph Lockwood to be town clerk, and by major vote William Forster to be constable, &c., (fee.

January 14th, 1762. It was voted that Joseph Lockwood be

» North Castle Rec. In 1746, Joseph Lockwood was assessor for the East Patent

8 HISTORY OF THE

clerk of said rneeiing and Lieutenant John Gauspiir be moderator.

April 20th, 1776. Voted Ebenezer Lockwood as moderator, Joseph Lockwood as clerk, Lieut. William Jones, constable.

Upon the 7th day of August, 1766, the East Patent formerly granted to Robert Walters and others, was sold, in pursuance of a certain act of the Lieutenant Governor, the Council, and General Assembly of this colony, entitled " An act for the more effectual collecting of his Majesties quit rents in the colony of New York, and for partition of lands in order thereto," &c. The principal purchasers under the act, appear to have been the Lockwoods, Amblers, Forshers, Bishops, Ferrises, Hoyts, Hollys, Browns, Sillicks and Scofields, (fcc, &c.a In 1826, the Legislature of this state claimed as successor of the Crown the sum of $243 71, due as quit rent on the East Patent.^ To satisfy this claim nine hundred acres of land were sold in the southern part of the Patent. c

Upon the 7th day of August, 1766, the East Patent formerly granted to Robert Walters and others, was sold, in pursuance of a certain act of the Lieutenant Governor, the Council, and General Assembly of this colony, entitled " An act for the more effectual collecting of his Majesties quit rents in the colony of New York, and for partition of lands in order thereto," &c. The principal purchasers under the act, appear to have been the Lockwoods, Amblers, Forshers, Bishops, Ferrises, Hoyts, Hollys, Browns, Sillicks and Scofields, (fcc, &c.a In 1826, the Legislature of this state claimed as successor of the Crown the sum of $243 71, due as quit rent on the East Patent.^ To satisfy this claim nine hundred acres of land were sold in the southern part of the Patent. c

The village of Poundridge occupies an elevated situation near the centre of the town, and contains two churches, two stores, a school house, a post office and 15 or 20 dwellings. As early as the year 1744, a settlement was commenced on this spot by Captain Joseph Lockwood, and a few associates'^ from Stamford, Connecticut. At this early period the surrounding country was one vast wilderness heavily covered with timber. Upon a commanding eminence which rises above the rest of the village stands the Presbyterian church. This building, which was

» The Wetmores also appear to have been among the early proprietors, for at a late period James Wetmore, attorney at law, (then residing in Nova Scotia,) served a writ of ejectment upon the Lockwood family to recover certain lands in Poundridge.

At this early period the surrounding country was one vast wilderness heavily covered with timber. Upon a commanding eminence which rises above the rest of the village stands the Presbyterian church. This building, which was

» The Wetmores also appear to have been among the early proprietors, for at a late period James Wetmore, attorney at law, (then residing in Nova Scotia,) served a writ of ejectment upon the Lockwood family to recover certain lands in Poundridge.

b See Revised Statutes for 1813.

« " Soccage lands were not deemed discharged of any rents, certain or other services, incident or belonging to tenure in soccage, due to the people of the state, (who were considered to stand in the place of the Crown.) Therefore on the first day of April, 178G, the Legislature of this state passed an act, entitled an act for the collection and commutation of quit rents."

d The descendants of the original settlers are numerous, and some of them still reside in the village.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 9

erected in 1785, occupies the site of the old church destroyed by tlie British troops, A. D. 1779. The Presbyterian Society of Poundridgo was first organized in 1700. ^^ Tiie first church edifice however was not erected until 1770. Its incorporation occurs on the 28th of April, 1788. Nathaniel Bouton, William Fancher, John Hoyt, Benaiah Brown, Thaddeus Seymour and Ebenczer Seymour, trustees. " The said church to be governed according to the Directory of the now establislied Church of ScotJand."b From this date to 1822, it remained in connection with the Westchester presbytery. Upon the Sih of May, 1822, it was received into communion with the General Assembly.

The Presbyterian Society of Poundridgo was first organized in 1700. ^^ Tiie first church edifice however was not erected until 1770. Its incorporation occurs on the 28th of April, 1788. Nathaniel Bouton, William Fancher, John Hoyt, Benaiah Brown, Thaddeus Seymour and Ebenczer Seymour, trustees. " The said church to be governed according to the Directory of the now establislied Church of ScotJand."b From this date to 1822, it remained in connection with the Westchester presbytery. Upon the Sih of May, 1822, it was received into communion with the General Assembly.

At a meetihg of the congregation held the 24id of April, IS28, it was resolved, that whereas "some doubt existed with regard to the due legal organization of the Presbyterian church and congregation in Pound ridge, they hereby declare themselves to be a Presbyterian congregation under the style of the " Presbyterian Congregation of Poundridge, belonging to the Presbytery of the North River, under the care of the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church in the United States." On this occasion Horatio Lockwood, Joseph St. John and Samuel Weed, were elected trustees."^

This church and congregation are now in connection with the Bedford presbytery.

List of Ministers of the Presbyterian Church at Poundridge.

Instal or call. Ministers. Vacated ijy.

1770, Rev. Mr. Strong, resig..

1774, Rev. Blackleach Bnrritt, . do. . ;

1791, Rev. Benjamin Judd, do.

1795, Rev. Samuel Blatchford, D. D.^ do.

» At the first meeting of the congregation, Captain Joseph Lockwood was unanimously chosen chairman, and Mr. Jarvis, secretary.

John and Samuel Weed, were elected trustees."^

This church and congregation are now in connection with the Bedford presbytery.

List of Ministers of the Presbyterian Church at Poundridge.

Instal or call. Ministers. Vacated ijy.

1770, Rev. Mr. Strong, resig..

1774, Rev. Blackleach Bnrritt, . do. . ;

1791, Rev. Benjamin Judd, do.

1795, Rev. Samuel Blatchford, D. D.^ do.

» At the first meeting of the congregation, Captain Joseph Lockwood was unanimously chosen chairman, and Mr. Jarvis, secretary.

b Co. Rec. Religious Sec. Lib. A. 21.

« Co. Rec. Religious Soc. Lib A. 197.

d The Rev. Samuel Blatchford, an Englishman, succeeded Dr. Dwighl, at Greenfield, Conn., when the latter was called to the presidency of Yale College,

Vol. II. 2

10 7 HISTORY OF THE

Tnstal or call. Ministers. Vacated by.

1800, Rev. Richard Andrews, do.

1819, Rev. John Lowe, . do.

- * 1823, Rev. Mr. Crocker, do.

1824, Rev. Mr. Bronson, do.

1830, Rev. John White,^ do.

1S32, Rev. Charles G. Thompson, do.

^ 1834^ Rev. WiUiam Patterson, present minister.

. -A Church Memorajida.

1826 members 46; baptisms 0

;f^' 1836, ditto 62; ditto 1

-■^ 1846, ditto 90; ditto 3.

A considerable eminence rises a little to the east of the Presbyterian church, from the summit of which is an extensive prospect of the beautiful country bordering the Sound and the distant shores of Long Island, &c.

Prior to 1775, Poundridge constituted one of the precincts of Rye parish. In 1816 Episcopal services were performed here by the Rev, George Weller.

1826 members 46; baptisms 0

;f^' 1836, ditto 62; ditto 1

-■^ 1846, ditto 90; ditto 3.

A considerable eminence rises a little to the east of the Presbyterian church, from the summit of which is an extensive prospect of the beautiful country bordering the Sound and the distant shores of Long Island, &c.

Prior to 1775, Poundridge constituted one of the precincts of Rye parish. In 1816 Episcopal services were performed here by the Rev, George Weller.

The Methodist Episcopal church of this place was first incorporated in 1822, James Brown, John Haws and Samuel K. Olmstead, trustees."^ The present church edifice was erected in 1833.

The village grave-yard is pleasantly situated about a quarter of a mile south of Poundridge upon a gentle acclivity. The head stones record the names of Thaddeus H. Lockwood who died in 1774: Ebenezer Lockwood, Esq., who died July 29th, 1821, aet, 84 : John Ferris who died A. D. 1788, and Captain John Grinell, born in Nantucket, Mass., December 7th, 1795, and died in Cronstad, Russia, June 3d, 1831, set. 34, &c., (fee. Others are simply

» This individual was a native of Scotland and a classmate of Robert Pollock, author of the Course of Time.

b Co. Rec. Religious Soc. Lib. A. 170. A second iucorporation occurs on the 21st of December, 1832. The Methodist Protestant Church and Society in Poundridge, were incorporated on the 16th of March, 1833. Selby Fancher, William Brown aad Joseph Waterbury, trustees. Co. Rec. Religious Soc. Lib. B. 12.

D. 1788, and Captain John Grinell, born in Nantucket, Mass., December 7th, 1795, and died in Cronstad, Russia, June 3d, 1831, set. 34, &c., (fee. Others are simply

» This individual was a native of Scotland and a classmate of Robert Pollock, author of the Course of Time.

b Co. Rec. Religious Soc. Lib. A. 170. A second iucorporation occurs on the 21st of December, 1832. The Methodist Protestant Church and Society in Poundridge, were incorporated on the 16th of March, 1833. Selby Fancher, William Brown aad Joseph Waterbury, trustees. Co. Rec. Religious Soc. Lib. B. 12.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 1 1

inscribed with the initials of the deceased. A. B. 1771. I. M. L,

1787, &c.

On the south side of the village, being a part of the old estate of the Lockvvoods, are the residences of Horatio and Ezra Lockwood, Esqrs. These gentlemen are the sons of Major Ebenezer Lockwood of the Continental army, one of the most active and efficient members of the committee of public safety.^ He was the son of Capt. Joseph Lockwood, one of the first setlers of Poundridge,

The Lockwood family originally derived from a place of the name in Staffordshire, England, and are probably descended from Edmund Lockwood, a freeman of Massachusetts in 1631, who subsequently removed to Connecticut with Messrs. Hooker and Stone.

Ezra Lockwood, Esq., of Poundridge, was for many years a judge of the late court of common pleas, in this county. Of this family is the Hon. Albert Lockwood, present judge of the county, and General Munson L Lockwood, county clerk.

The Lockwood family originally derived from a place of the name in Staffordshire, England, and are probably descended from Edmund Lockwood, a freeman of Massachusetts in 1631, who subsequently removed to Connecticut with Messrs. Hooker and Stone.

Ezra Lockwood, Esq., of Poundridge, was for many years a judge of the late court of common pleas, in this county. Of this family is the Hon. Albert Lockwood, present judge of the county, and General Munson L Lockwood, county clerk.

During the contest between England and the colonies., the inhabitants of Poundridge, generally, appear to have taken a decided stand in fovor of liberty. The following letter from the committee of public safety, to the Hon. Provincial Congress, is found ia the acts of the latter body.

Poundridge, J oth of Oct. 1776«

Honored Sirs :

" We the sub-committee of Poundridge, in Westchester County, beg leave to inform your Honors, that we are apprehensive that there is danger of our prisoners leaving us and joining the ministerial army, as we are not above nine or ten miles from the water where the sound is full of the ministerial ships and tenders. One of our number is already gone to Long Island, and numbers are gone from other places, who are no doubt now with the ministerial army. There are disaffected persons daily going over to

i^ Major Lockwood was also a member of the convention that framed t\\Q first constitution of the state, and a judge of the county in 1778.

" We the sub-committee of Poundridge, in Westchester County, beg leave to inform your Honors, that we are apprehensive that there is danger of our prisoners leaving us and joining the ministerial army, as we are not above nine or ten miles from the water where the sound is full of the ministerial ships and tenders. One of our number is already gone to Long Island, and numbers are gone from other places, who are no doubt now with the ministerial army. There are disaffected persons daily going over to

i^ Major Lockwood was also a member of the convention that framed t\\Q first constitution of the state, and a judge of the county in 1778.

12 HISTORY OF THE

them which gives us much trouble. Therefore, we humbly beg your Honors would give us some directions concerning them, that they may be speedily removed at some farther distance. We would also inform you that for the misdemeanors of one of them and our own safety, we have been obliged to commit him to jail at the White Phuns. These with all proper respects, from yours to serve.

Joseph Ambler.^

Chairman of Committee.

In July, 1779, a skirmish took place in this village between the Americans and a strong force of the enemy, under Lieutenant Colonel Tarleton.

" About three hundred and sixty of the enemy's light horse, and light-infantry, (says General Heath,) came out from Mile-.Square, and attacked Colonel Sheldon's light-horse, who were ^posied al Puundridge, about ninety in numt)er- The superiir force of the enemy obliged our horse at first, to retreat ; but being reinforced by the militia, they in turn, pursued the enemy. Our loss was one corporal, one trumpeter and eight privates, wounded ; three sergeants, one corporal and four privates missing ; and twelve horses missing.

" About three hundred and sixty of the enemy's light horse, and light-infantry, (says General Heath,) came out from Mile-.Square, and attacked Colonel Sheldon's light-horse, who were ^posied al Puundridge, about ninety in numt)er- The superiir force of the enemy obliged our horse at first, to retreat ; but being reinforced by the militia, they in turn, pursued the enemy. Our loss was one corporal, one trumpeter and eight privates, wounded ; three sergeants, one corporal and four privates missing ; and twelve horses missing. The stand' ard of the regiment being left in the house when the dragoons suddenly turned out, was lost. Of the enemy, one was killed, four taken prisoners, four horses taken, and one horse killed. The enemy set fire to and burnt the meeting house, and Maj. Lockwood's house ■,^ they also burnt Mr. Hay's house, at Bedford. ""=

It appears that one of the principal objects in this sudden foray of the enemy, was the surprisal of Major Ebenezer Lockwood, before mentioned, for whose head forty guineas had been offered. The day previous, however, Luther Kinnicut, a spy in the employ of the committee of public safety, gave notice of the intended attack, and advised the major to be on his guard. The night being very dark and stormy. Colonel Sheldon did not expect the enemy ; he nevertheless ordered the horses to be tied up in readiness.

» The descendants of this individual still reside in the vicinity. t> The British " would not suffer the family to take any thing away." See New York Journal, for Holts account of the action.

The day previous, however, Luther Kinnicut, a spy in the employ of the committee of public safety, gave notice of the intended attack, and advised the major to be on his guard. The night being very dark and stormy. Colonel Sheldon did not expect the enemy ; he nevertheless ordered the horses to be tied up in readiness.

» The descendants of this individual still reside in the vicinity. t> The British " would not suffer the family to take any thing away." See New York Journal, for Holts account of the action.

* Heath's Mem. 208. ' '

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 13

To General Heath's account of the action, we append the report of Lt. Col. Tarleton to Sir Henry Clinton.

Dated, Camp on the Bronx, July 2, 1779, eleven P. M.

Sir : --

T have the honor to inform your excellency, that I moved with the detachment you were pleased to entrust me with, consisting of seventy of the I7th light dragoons, part of the legion infantry and cavalry, Queen's rangers, Hussars and some mounted yagers, in all about two hundred, at half past 11 o'clock last night. The weather being remarkably bad, prevented my making North Castle church before 4 o'clock next morning, where I received confirmation of my intelligence relative to the numbers and situation of Sheldon's regiment and one hundred Continental foot, but no tidings of Moyland^s regiment of dragoons. I pursued my route through Bedford to Foundridge, without any material occurrence, in the district of the ridge, and within ihree hundred yards of the enemy, who were not alarmed. My guide in front, mistook the road ; another guide informed me of the error, and it was rectified as soon as possible." The enemy's videlte had noticed our passing their front. The whole regiment was mounted and formed behind the meeting house.

The weather being remarkably bad, prevented my making North Castle church before 4 o'clock next morning, where I received confirmation of my intelligence relative to the numbers and situation of Sheldon's regiment and one hundred Continental foot, but no tidings of Moyland^s regiment of dragoons. I pursued my route through Bedford to Foundridge, without any material occurrence, in the district of the ridge, and within ihree hundred yards of the enemy, who were not alarmed. My guide in front, mistook the road ; another guide informed me of the error, and it was rectified as soon as possible." The enemy's videlte had noticed our passing their front. The whole regiment was mounted and formed behind the meeting house. An attack was instantly made by the advanced guard, consisting of the 17th light dragoons, the ground not allowing more than seven or eight in front. The enemy did not stand the charge ; a general route ensued. The difficulties of the country, und their being no possibility of obtaining their rear, enabled the greatest part of the regiment to escape. The pursuit continued for four miles on the Stamford and Salem roads. The loss of men in Sheldon's dragoons, upon enquiry and comparison of accounts, I estimate at twenty-six or twenty-seven killed, wounded and prisoners. But their disgrace in the loss of the standard of the regiment and of helmets, arms and accoutrements, was great. A part of the officers and regimental baggage fell into our hands. I have hitherto omitted mentioning the militia to the amount of one hundred and twenty, who, together with the Continental foot, broke and dispersed at the appearance of the king's troops. The militia^ assembled again on eminences and in swamps, and before we quitted the ground on which the first charge was made, they fired at great distances.

But their disgrace in the loss of the standard of the regiment and of helmets, arms and accoutrements, was great. A part of the officers and regimental baggage fell into our hands. I have hitherto omitted mentioning the militia to the amount of one hundred and twenty, who, together with the Continental foot, broke and dispersed at the appearance of the king's troops. The militia^ assembled again on eminences and in swamps, and before we quitted the ground on which the first charge was made, they fired at great distances. We were successful in killing, wounding and taking fifteen of them, the rest hovered almost out of our sight. The inveteracy of the inhabitants of Poundridge and near Bedford, in firing from houses and out houses, obliged (us) to burn some of their meeting and some of their dwelling houses, with stores. I proposed to the militia, terms, that if ihey would not fire shots from buildings, I would not burn. They interpreted my mild proposal wrong, imputing it to fear. They persisted in firing till the torch stopped their progress, after which not a shot was fired."

With pleasure I relate to your excellency, that the loss sustained by his

» Major Leavenworth commanded the militia.

14 HISTORY OF THE

majesties troops is trifling, one hussar of the legion killed, one wounded, one

horse of the 17ih dragoons killed. The whole of the detachment, except the

above, being returned to camp. The infantry of the legion mounted on horses,

They persisted in firing till the torch stopped their progress, after which not a shot was fired."

With pleasure I relate to your excellency, that the loss sustained by his

» Major Leavenworth commanded the militia.

14 HISTORY OF THE

majesties troops is trifling, one hussar of the legion killed, one wounded, one

horse of the 17ih dragoons killed. The whole of the detachment, except the

above, being returned to camp. The infantry of the legion mounted on horses,

were extreme!}' fatigued by a march of sixty-four miles, in twenty-ihree

hours.

t I have the honor to be, &c.

Signed, Banastre Tarleton,

. * Lt. Col. British Legion.

The following additional particulars respecting this engagement, are contained in a letter from an officer (of Sheldon's regiment as supposed) dated at Salem, July 3rd, 1779.

" Yesterday morning about sunrise, a detachment of the second regiment of light dragoons, consisting of ninety men, commanded by Col. Sheldon, posted near Poundridge meeting house, was notified of the advance of the enemy by our videttes. Our horses being previously saddled and bridled, the men were ordered immediately to mount. As soon as we were paraded, the enemy's horse were discovered rapidly advancing, about three or four hundred in number.

The enemy having driven in our advanced parties, they began the charge on the detachment, which from the great superiority of the enemy, was obliged to move off. The enemy pushed hard on our rear for more than two miles, in the course of which, a scattering fire was kept up between their advance and our rear, and a constant charge with the sword, the country through which we passed being very mountainous and rocky, caused many of our horses to blunder and fall, which occasioned some to fall into the hands of the enemy.

The enemy having driven in our advanced parties, they began the charge on the detachment, which from the great superiority of the enemy, was obliged to move off. The enemy pushed hard on our rear for more than two miles, in the course of which, a scattering fire was kept up between their advance and our rear, and a constant charge with the sword, the country through which we passed being very mountainous and rocky, caused many of our horses to blunder and fall, which occasioned some to fall into the hands of the enemy. We immediately collected some of the militia, and began to pursue the enemy, following them below North Castle church. They moved off with such great precipitation, that we could not come up with them. Before the enemy moved off, they burnt the meeting house at Poundridge, and the dwelling house of Benjamin Hays, at Bedford. They (as usual) plundered most of the houses they came to and set fire to several houses which were fortunately extinguished. Our loss on this occasion, was ten wounded, eight missing and twelve horses missing. The enemy's loss, one killed, wounded uncertain, /our prisoners, four horses taken and one ditto killed."

The general surface of Poundridge, is uneven, and much of it stony,but havinga due admixture of arable, with pastureand meadow lands ; it forms a tolerable productive agricultural township. Thesoilconsistsprincipallyofa gravelly loam, and is well adapted to grass and pasturage. It is also excellent fjr orchards and fruit trees of all kinds. The growth of wood consists of white, red and black oak, hickory and chesnui, &c. The northern portion of the

The enemy's loss, one killed, wounded uncertain, /our prisoners, four horses taken and one ditto killed."

The general surface of Poundridge, is uneven, and much of it stony,but havinga due admixture of arable, with pastureand meadow lands ; it forms a tolerable productive agricultural township. Thesoilconsistsprincipallyofa gravelly loam, and is well adapted to grass and pasturage. It is also excellent fjr orchards and fruit trees of all kinds. The growth of wood consists of white, red and black oak, hickory and chesnui, &c. The northern portion of the

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 15

town is occupied by a steep and lofty ridge of mountains, called the St07iy Hills, which run principally in a northeast direction, for the space of three or four miles. The sides of these craggy mountains, intermixed with small trees and bushes, exhibit a variety of fantastic forms, presenting one of the wildest scenes in AVestchester county. At their base, are luxuriant valleys watered with numerous streams. Upon the northeast side of the town is a singular chain of ponds, the largest of which is called Cross pond ; it is supplied by several springs, and has its outlet in Cross river. The other ponds in succession, are the Round pond, the Middle J) ond and the Loicer pond, all communicating with one another. From the Lower pond^ is an outlet into Tatomuck river, which empties into the sound at Stamford in Connecticut. The south western part of the town is richly interspersed with hills and valleys, and much running water.

Upon the northeast side of the town is a singular chain of ponds, the largest of which is called Cross pond ; it is supplied by several springs, and has its outlet in Cross river. The other ponds in succession, are the Round pond, the Middle J) ond and the Loicer pond, all communicating with one another. From the Lower pond^ is an outlet into Tatomuck river, which empties into the sound at Stamford in Connecticut. The south western part of the town is richly interspersed with hills and valleys, and much running water.

16 HISTORY OF THE

This township is situated directly in the south east angle of Westchester county, bordering the soui'.d, boiuided on the east by the state of Connecticut and the Byrani river, on the south by the sound, and on the west and north by the townships of Harrison and Norihcastle.

In the year IGljO, the lands of Rye were in the possession of Shanasock well or Shanorocke (as he subsequently signed his name) an independent chinfiain of the Siwanoys, whose clan formed a portion, if not oneof the Mohegan tribes itself, of the "sea coast." This chief with his followers, was residing on the banks of the Hudson River, in 1661.

Poningoe, the Indian name of Rye, is apparently derived from Ponus, the title of the aboriginal proprietor of this territory, A. D. 1640. Tile final termination oe or oug, denoting locality.

Thus the whole word may emphatically express the place or locality of that Sachem's residence. Nothing however remains at this late period, to establish the connection with any degree of certainty. Ponus himself, was one of the ruling Sagamores of Rippowams, (Stamford) in 1640. This individual left issue, three sous, Owenoke, Taphance and Onox ; the latter had one son, Powhag.

Poningoe, the Indian name of Rye, is apparently derived from Ponus, the title of the aboriginal proprietor of this territory, A. D. 1640. Tile final termination oe or oug, denoting locality.

Thus the whole word may emphatically express the place or locality of that Sachem's residence. Nothing however remains at this late period, to establish the connection with any degree of certainty. Ponus himself, was one of the ruling Sagamores of Rippowams, (Stamford) in 1640. This individual left issue, three sous, Owenoke, Taphance and Onox ; the latter had one son, Powhag.

The ruling Sagamore of Poningoe in 1681, appears to have been Maramaking, commonly known as Lame Will. His successor was Patthunck, who with his son Wappetoe Patthunck, granted to .Toseph Horton in 1694, lands bordering the Mamarneck river.

For the various localities within Poningoe, the Indians had other names. The meadows bordering the Armonck, (By ram) were called Haseco and Miosehassaky. The high ridge ea.st of the Mockquams (Blind brook) Euketaupucuson and the territory west of the Mockquams, (embracing Rye neck) Apawquammis or Epawainos.=^

* Apwonnah is the Indian term for an oyster. -- Cotton's Indian vocabulary.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. « " 17

The Beaver Dam or Stony brook was styled in the Indian tongue Pockeotessen. The former existence of Indian habitations on the great neck of Poningoe is amply proved by the number of hunting and warlike weapons found in that neighborhood. The site of the principal Mohegan village was on or near Parsonage Point. In the same vicinity is situated ^^ Buryiiig Hill,^^ their place of sepulture. The remains of six Indians were discovered on excavating the present foundations for Newberry Halstead's residence, which stands near the entrance of the great neck. The first grantees under the Indians of Poningoe, were the Dutch West India Company, who obtained a grant of the lands extending from Westchester to Greenwich, A.

The site of the principal Mohegan village was on or near Parsonage Point. In the same vicinity is situated ^^ Buryiiig Hill,^^ their place of sepulture. The remains of six Indians were discovered on excavating the present foundations for Newberry Halstead's residence, which stands near the entrance of the great neck. The first grantees under the Indians of Poningoe, were the Dutch West India Company, who obtained a grant of the lands extending from Westchester to Greenwich, A. D. 1640.

By the provisional treaty of Hartford, in 1650, the boundary line between New England and New Netherlands was to commence upon Long Island, from the westernmost part of the Oyster Bay, so, and in a straight and direct line to the sea; and upon the main land, a line to begin upon the west side of Greenwich bay, being about four miles from Stamford, and so to run a northerly line twenty miles up into the country, and after as it shall be agreed by the two governments, of the Dutch and of New Haven, provided the said line come not within ten miles of Hudson's river.f^

The successors of the Dutch West India Company in 1660, were John Coe, Peter Disbrow, and Thomas Studwell, who purchased of the Indians the island called Manussing, or Mennewies.^ The deed of sale bears date June 29, 1660.

" Be it known unto all men whom it may concerne, both Indians and English, that we, Shanasockwell, sagamore Maowhoue and Cokensikoe, have sold unto Peter Disbrow, John Coe, Thomas Studwell, all living at this present at Grenege (Greenwich) to say a sartain parcell of land which these Indians above mentioned have sold, is called in the Indian name Menussing Island, and is near unto the main land, which is called in the Indian name Peningoe, this said island we above mentioned do here, by virtue of this bill, do sell all our right and title unto John Coe, Peter Disbrow, Thomas Studwell, quietly to enjoy from any molestation of us or any other Indians, to them and their heires, assignees, and executors for ever, and further we have given

" Be it known unto all men whom it may concerne, both Indians and English, that we, Shanasockwell, sagamore Maowhoue and Cokensikoe, have sold unto Peter Disbrow, John Coe, Thomas Studwell, all living at this present at Grenege (Greenwich) to say a sartain parcell of land which these Indians above mentioned have sold, is called in the Indian name Menussing Island, and is near unto the main land, which is called in the Indian name Peningoe, this said island we above mentioned do here, by virtue of this bill, do sell all our right and title unto John Coe, Peter Disbrow, Thomas Studwell, quietly to enjoy from any molestation of us or any other Indians, to them and their heires, assignees, and executors for ever, and further we have given

a Hazard's State Papers, vol. ii. 218.

b Minnis denotes an island, in the Algonquin.

Vol. II. 3

fg HISTORY OF THE

unto Peter Disbrow, John Coe, and Thomas Studvvell food for their cattle upon the main, called by the Indians Poningoe, and what timbers or trees that is for their use, and not to be molested by us or other Indians ; and we do hereby acknowledge to have received full satisfaction for this purchase of land above mentioned to-day. We have received eight coats and seven shirts, fifteen fathom of wampone, which is the full satisfaction for the parcel of land above mentioned ; and for the witness we have hereto put our hands. Witness Joshua Knapp, The marke of V Shanasockwek.

unto Peter Disbrow, John Coe, and Thomas Studvvell food for their cattle upon the main, called by the Indians Poningoe, and what timbers or trees that is for their use, and not to be molested by us or other Indians ; and we do hereby acknowledge to have received full satisfaction for this purchase of land above mentioned to-day. We have received eight coats and seven shirts, fifteen fathom of wampone, which is the full satisfaction for the parcel of land above mentioned ; and for the witness we have hereto put our hands. Witness Joshua Knapp, The marke of V Shanasockwek.

Henry Disbrow, " j{ Aranaque.

Feb. 23, 1678, " q Cokow.

, . " Z Wawatauman.

•:^, " X Cokinseco.

• ^'■' " 3 Maswbort.

" Z Quauaike.

- " L Aramapow.

- "■ . " S Wonanas.

. * • . \ " Y Topogone.

■% • •^'" ■ ■' '^ " W Matishes.

. ' • ' " T Richard.

By another deed bearing date the 22d May, 1661, the Indians sold lands on the main to Peter Disbrow.

" Be it known to all men whom it may concerne, bothe English and Indians, that I, Cokoe, and Marrmeokhung, and Assawarwone, and Naktinneman, and Shocote, and Wauwhowarnt, doe acknowledge to have sold to Peter Disbrow, his heirs and assignees, a certain tract of land lying between Byram River and the Blind brook, which tract of land is bounded as followeth : viz., with the river called in English Byram River, beginning at the mouth of the above said river on the east, and the bounds of Hastings on the south and southwest, to the marked trees, and northward up to the marked trees, which may contain six or seven miles, from the sea along the said Biram River side northward, and so from the said river cross the neck northwest and west to the river called Blind brook, bounded northward with marked trees which leads down to Little brook, which runs into the Blind brook ; which tract of land I, Cokoe, and the above said Indians, ourselves, heirs, and assignees, do here promise and make good to the said Peter Disbrow, his heirs or assignees, peaceable and quiet possession for ever, without any molestation either from Dutch, Indians, or English.

" Be it known to all men whom it may concerne, bothe English and Indians, that I, Cokoe, and Marrmeokhung, and Assawarwone, and Naktinneman, and Shocote, and Wauwhowarnt, doe acknowledge to have sold to Peter Disbrow, his heirs and assignees, a certain tract of land lying between Byram River and the Blind brook, which tract of land is bounded as followeth : viz., with the river called in English Byram River, beginning at the mouth of the above said river on the east, and the bounds of Hastings on the south and southwest, to the marked trees, and northward up to the marked trees, which may contain six or seven miles, from the sea along the said Biram River side northward, and so from the said river cross the neck northwest and west to the river called Blind brook, bounded northward with marked trees which leads down to Little brook, which runs into the Blind brook ; which tract of land I, Cokoe, and the above said Indians, ourselves, heirs, and assignees, do here promise and make good to the said Peter Disbrow, his heirs or assignees, peaceable and quiet possession for ever, without any molestation either from Dutch, Indians, or English. We the above said Indians have sold also this tract of land above mentioned, with all the trees, grass,' springs, and minerals, with feed range and timber northward twenty English miles above the said purchase of lands, and do acknowledge to have received full satisfaction for the said land. In witness hereof we

We the above said Indians have sold also this tract of land above mentioned, with all the trees, grass,' springs, and minerals, with feed range and timber northward twenty English miles above the said purchase of lands, and do acknowledge to have received full satisfaction for the said land. In witness hereof we

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 19

the above said Indians have set our hands this present day and date above written.

Witness John Coe, Marmeukhung Z his marke.

John H. Jayson. Assavvauwane -^ his marke.

Nantinneman S his marke.

Cokoe P

The following year the Indians Shawannorocot and Rumkqne made a further grant of territory.

" Know all men whom this may concerne that we, Peter Disbrow, John Coe, Thomas Studwell, and John Budd, have bargained, bought, and payd for^ to the satisfaction of Showannowocot, Roksohtohkow and Pewahaham and other Indians, whose hands are underwritten, a certain tract of land above Westchester path, to the marked trees, bounded with the above said river, Blind brook, which tracts of land, with all the privileges, as woods, trees, grass, springs, mines and minerals, to the said Peter Disbrow, John Coe, Thomas Studwell, to them and their heirs forever, with a warrantie against all persons, English or Indians. To this bargain and sale we the above said Indians do bind ourselves, our heirs and assignees, to the above said Peter Disbrow, John Coe, and the rest abovesaid,to them, their heirs and assignees^ for ever, as witness our hands this present day and date, June 2, 1662.

" Know all men whom this may concerne that we, Peter Disbrow, John Coe, Thomas Studwell, and John Budd, have bargained, bought, and payd for^ to the satisfaction of Showannowocot, Roksohtohkow and Pewahaham and other Indians, whose hands are underwritten, a certain tract of land above Westchester path, to the marked trees, bounded with the above said river, Blind brook, which tracts of land, with all the privileges, as woods, trees, grass, springs, mines and minerals, to the said Peter Disbrow, John Coe, Thomas Studwell, to them and their heirs forever, with a warrantie against all persons, English or Indians. To this bargain and sale we the above said Indians do bind ourselves, our heirs and assignees, to the above said Peter Disbrow, John Coe, and the rest abovesaid,to them, their heirs and assignees^ for ever, as witness our hands this present day and date, June 2, 1662.

Shuwannorocot 3 his marke.

Eumkque o his marke.

April the 28th, 1663. Peter Disbrow, John Coe, Thoraas Studwell and John Budd, by a deed of sale conveyed the island and main land to the following planters, Samuel Allen, Richard Lowe, Philip Galpin, Thomas Applehe, William Odell, John Brondig and John Coe^ for which the latter were lo pay forty shillings a lot in cattle or corn, between the above date and January next ensuing.'"

Peter Disbrow by a declaration of trust, dated June 16, 1676, assigned all his right, title and interest in the Indian purchase to the rest of the proprietors of Rye then living between the two rivers, viz. the Byram river to the east and a river called the Blind brook to the west in equal proportions. The original division of Rye consisted of ten acres to each individual planter, besides a privilege in the undivided lands.

Peter Disbrow by a declaration of trust, dated June 16, 1676, assigned all his right, title and interest in the Indian purchase to the rest of the proprietors of Rye then living between the two rivers, viz. the Byram river to the east and a river called the Blind brook to the west in equal proportions. The original division of Rye consisted of ten acres to each individual planter, besides a privilege in the undivided lands.

Rye Rec. Lib. A.

80' . HISTORY OF THE

From a note appended to this deed of trust it appears that John Horton had selected a spot of land not within the bounds of Rye purchase.

" But lyeth considerably to the northward of the head of the Blind Brook, and consequently to the north of the north-west bounds, except they do claim it as comprehended within the twenty English miles range, whereof was granted to them, viz. the proprietors.

In 1663, the thirteen proprietors of the salt meadows within Hastings were,

Thomas Studwell, William Odell,

John Brondig, "- Peter Uisbrow,

William Odell, John Coe, !

Thomas Applebe, Samuel Allen,

Philip Galpin, John Coe,

Richard Fowler, Thomas Studwell,

John Budd.

At this period Connecticut, regardless of the Hartford treaty made in 1650, obtained from the native Indians a further grant of territory extending from the east line of that colony to the present village of Westchester. Under this purchase she claimed the lands of Rye and required the submission of the inhabitants to her authority.

John Brondig, "- Peter Uisbrow,

William Odell, John Coe, !

Thomas Applebe, Samuel Allen,

Philip Galpin, John Coe,

Richard Fowler, Thomas Studwell,

John Budd.

At this period Connecticut, regardless of the Hartford treaty made in 1650, obtained from the native Indians a further grant of territory extending from the east line of that colony to the present village of Westchester. Under this purchase she claimed the lands of Rye and required the submission of the inhabitants to her authority.

Against this aggression Governor Stuyvesant calmly remonslrated, and dispatched two officers to stop further proceedings.

This appears from the following letter addressed by the inhabitants to the General Court, dated

Hastings, 5 May, 1664.

'•To the honored Governor and Counoill and magistrates of Connecticut, we the inhabitants of Hastine, formerly Midleborough upon Long Island, having had by the Duche Governor tow of his oficers sent unto us with tow or three papers, the contents we supose doe in parte belonge unto yourselves as well as us, and therefore make bould to trouble your honnours therewith, intreatinge your aide. Wee know not wither evil intents may be, for wee understand that they'will not keep ther promise, for they have not delivered James Christed's bond and Mr. Willyam Leveriches, but they grant this instead of delivering the bond have this day demanded the moneys of James Christed,

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER 21

this is therefore to intreate your honiiours to tak our condission into your consideration and tak some spedy conrs for our fatter peace and con)forte. We are unwillinge to loose our planting by them. This hoping you will now stand by us, we rest your loving neighbours and friends the inhabitance of Hastine." By me,

Willyam Leveriches, but they grant this instead of delivering the bond have this day demanded the moneys of James Christed,

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER 21

this is therefore to intreate your honiiours to tak our condission into your consideration and tak some spedy conrs for our fatter peace and con)forte. We are unwillinge to loose our planting by them. This hoping you will now stand by us, we rest your loving neighbours and friends the inhabitance of Hastine." By me,

James Bradish,

Clarke for Hasting. To the honored Court Mr. John Winthrop and his Honorable Counsiil of the Court of Connecticut, assembled at Hartford, this present with speed.=^ During the year 1663, King Charles the Second, by letters patent under the great seal, conveyed tlie Province of New Netherlands, and that part of Cotmecticut lying westward of Connecticut river, to his brother James, Duke of York and Albany. Thus by a wholesale usurpation excluding for ever the rightful proprietors, utterly regardless of their just rights as discoverers, and in the face too of all existing treaties.

Whilst the King was disposing of the New Netherlands in this unlawful manner, we find Governor Stuyvesant thus complaining to Governor Winthrop and the General Assembly of Connecticut, "That John Coe, Jun., and Antliony Waters with eighty horse and foot have put down the old magistrates in some towns, and setting up others." He trusts the English will suppress such things, and prevent bloodshed. Dat. Amsterdam, N. N. Nov. 15, 1663.b

As early as 1641 it appears to have been the British policy as one means of counteracting the Dutch in America, " that the English put forward their plantations, and crowd on, crowding the Dutch out of those places where they have settled ;"•= this continued to be the principle upon which the former acted until the subjugation of ihe latter, which happened 5th Septem-

Whilst the King was disposing of the New Netherlands in this unlawful manner, we find Governor Stuyvesant thus complaining to Governor Winthrop and the General Assembly of Connecticut, "That John Coe, Jun., and Antliony Waters with eighty horse and foot have put down the old magistrates in some towns, and setting up others." He trusts the English will suppress such things, and prevent bloodshed. Dat. Amsterdam, N. N. Nov. 15, 1663.b

As early as 1641 it appears to have been the British policy as one means of counteracting the Dutch in America, " that the English put forward their plantations, and crowd on, crowding the Dutch out of those places where they have settled ;"•= this continued to be the principle upon which the former acted until the subjugation of ihe latter, which happened 5th Septem-

» Town and Lands, Hartford State Rec. Vol. i. No 36. b Col. Boundaries, Hart. Rec. fol. ii. letter vii. c Col Boundaries, Hart. Rec. ful. ii. letter i,

22 HISTORY OF THE

ber, 1664, when the Province of the New Netherlands surrendered to Colonel Richard Nicolls, the Duke's governor.

The same year the commissioners appointed for settling the bounds of his Royal Highness the Duke of York's patent and the colony of Connecticut, did order and declare '• that the creek or river, called Mamaroneck, which is reputed to be about twelve miles to the east of Westchester, and a line drawn from ye east point or side, where the fresh waters fall into the salt at high water mark, north north-west to the line of Massachusetts, shall be the western bounds of ye said colony of Connecticut." ^^

The same year the commissioners appointed for settling the bounds of his Royal Highness the Duke of York's patent and the colony of Connecticut, did order and declare '• that the creek or river, called Mamaroneck, which is reputed to be about twelve miles to the east of Westchester, and a line drawn from ye east point or side, where the fresh waters fall into the salt at high water mark, north north-west to the line of Massachusetts, shall be the western bounds of ye said colony of Connecticut." ^^

Richard Nicolls, George Cartwright, Sam'l Mawricke.

By this division Rye became annexed to the colony of Connecticut, and constituted a portion of Fairfield county.

The following bill of sale occurs December 8, 1666, from John Coe one of the original proprietors of Rye to Haclialiah Brown. .

Know all men to whom it may concern that I John Coe purchaser of the town of Rye, being one of the four men that bought this place in the colony of Connecticut, in New England, do sell and bind over unto Hachaliah Brown in the same town, one half of a 12th lot with all the privileges thereunto belonging ; namely, one half of the upland and one half of the meadow, both fresh and salt, both divided and undivided, with four acres of upland lying in the neck called the Opasfar neck, or otherwise called Scotch cap neck, of which two of the aforesaid four acres belong to the half lot. This four acres is bounded thus, with George Kniffen on the N. E. and front ; with the Blind Brook towards the N. W. and Thomas Brower toward the S. W., and the waste land is the bounds to the S. E. This seven acres of land more or less is thus bounded as is above mentioned.

Know all men to whom it may concern that I John Coe purchaser of the town of Rye, being one of the four men that bought this place in the colony of Connecticut, in New England, do sell and bind over unto Hachaliah Brown in the same town, one half of a 12th lot with all the privileges thereunto belonging ; namely, one half of the upland and one half of the meadow, both fresh and salt, both divided and undivided, with four acres of upland lying in the neck called the Opasfar neck, or otherwise called Scotch cap neck, of which two of the aforesaid four acres belong to the half lot. This four acres is bounded thus, with George Kniffen on the N. E. and front ; with the Blind Brook towards the N. W. and Thomas Brower toward the S. W., and the waste land is the bounds to the S. E. This seven acres of land more or less is thus bounded as is above mentioned. The aforesaid land I have purchased «f the Indians, as doth appear by deed under the Indians hands, I say I have sold with all privileges thereunto belonging, namely, trees, grass, rocks, minerals, and springs, with the fence or fencing which are or shall be belonging thereunto, and I do here bind myself, by promise, to make good the sale here- .of from me, my heirs, assignees, or administrators to the said Hachaliah Brown, him, his heirs, assignees or administrators, quietly and peaceably to as his own for ever, without any molestation either by or under me.

The aforesaid land I have purchased «f the Indians, as doth appear by deed under the Indians hands, I say I have sold with all privileges thereunto belonging, namely, trees, grass, rocks, minerals, and springs, with the fence or fencing which are or shall be belonging thereunto, and I do here bind myself, by promise, to make good the sale here- .of from me, my heirs, assignees, or administrators to the said Hachaliah Brown, him, his heirs, assignees or administrators, quietly and peaceably to as his own for ever, without any molestation either by or under me.

Col. Boundarie?, fol li. letter xxii.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 23

&c., &c. And I do acknowledge to have received full satisfaction of the abovesaid Hachaliah Brown for this aforesaid land, as witness my hand this day and date, Dec. 8, 1666. ^

John Coe. Witness,

Thomas Brown, George Lane.

May 11, 1671, the general court of Connecticut granted that the town of Rye bounds should extend up into ye country northward twelve miles.''

At first the pretences of Connecticut to the westward were unlimited, till the year 1683, and consequently so to the northward of Rye, hence the grant to extend twelve miles to the north, as being less exposed to be opposed by New York, leaving their bounds unlimited to the westward of Byram river, thus giving them an opportunity of extending their bounds twelve miles in that direction, so as to form a tract of twelve miles square; as they had already granted one of six miles square to Bedford. This grant, had it been allowed by New York, would have covered Harrison's purchase, the White Plains, Mamaroneck, the Mile Square, Tuckahoe, New Rochelle, and Eastchester, besides other places.

At first the pretences of Connecticut to the westward were unlimited, till the year 1683, and consequently so to the northward of Rye, hence the grant to extend twelve miles to the north, as being less exposed to be opposed by New York, leaving their bounds unlimited to the westward of Byram river, thus giving them an opportunity of extending their bounds twelve miles in that direction, so as to form a tract of twelve miles square; as they had already granted one of six miles square to Bedford. This grant, had it been allowed by New York, would have covered Harrison's purchase, the White Plains, Mamaroneck, the Mile Square, Tuckahoe, New Rochelle, and Eastchester, besides other places.

The twelve proprietors of the salt meadows in this town, A.D. 1672, were as follows :

William Odell, 1 Thomas Applebe, 6 Richard Fowler, 10 John Brondij, 2 Thomas Allen, 7 Thomas Stedwell, 11

Peter Disbrow, 3 Philip Galpen, 8 John Budd, 12 William Odelle, 4 John Coe, 5 John Coe, 9

"At a town meeting held March, 1672, it was agreed that the first of April following should be taxed of all persons and young cattle and horses, unless it be such as are wrought, and that they henceforward should goe out on the first of April, and whatsoever person hath not his fence up by that time shall forfeit five shillings a rod."

"28th January, 1673, the general court ordered that the bounds between Greenwich and Rye is to be from the mouth of Byram

"At a town meeting held March, 1672, it was agreed that the first of April following should be taxed of all persons and young cattle and horses, unless it be such as are wrought, and that they henceforward should goe out on the first of April, and whatsoever person hath not his fence up by that time shall forfeit five shillings a rod."

"28th January, 1673, the general court ordered that the bounds between Greenwich and Rye is to be from the mouth of Byram

Rye Rec b Hart. Rec. vol. viii. p. 13.

24 HISTORY OF THE

river, to run up the river one quarter of a mile above the great stone lying on the cross path by the said river, and from thence the sayd commons upwards, between Stamford bounds and the colony line, is to be equally divided between them by a parallel line with Stamford, and to Norwalk to the end of their bounds up in the country, &c."^

Robert Treat, ■ , , Jonathan Sellicke,

- '_ * - Peter Disbrow.

This settlement was confirmed June, 2lst, 1696, by the general court sitting in Hartford, May 8ih, 1693.

" Upon the 28th November, 16S0, the town made choice of Peter Disbrow, Hachaliah Brown, Robert Blomer, and Thomas Merritt, for to go with the Indians to view some land lying between the Blind brook and Biram river, and to make a thorow bargain with them if they shall see it best."

The result of this interview was a sale of land under the Indian sachem Marunaking, "of all that certain tract of land lying by a brook, commonly called Blind brook, which tract of land is called by the Indians Eauketaicperciisoii/' bounded as followeth :

" Upon the 28th November, 16S0, the town made choice of Peter Disbrow, Hachaliah Brown, Robert Blomer, and Thomas Merritt, for to go with the Indians to view some land lying between the Blind brook and Biram river, and to make a thorow bargain with them if they shall see it best."

The result of this interview was a sale of land under the Indian sachem Marunaking, "of all that certain tract of land lying by a brook, commonly called Blind brook, which tract of land is called by the Indians Eauketaicperciisoii/' bounded as followeth :

" Beginning at the southermost end, which is between the above said brook and a branch thereof, and from thence to the great swamp at the ould marked tree, which is now marked with these letters, R. B. H. T. M., and from thence by marked trees to a small run which runs into the above said brook, and there is marked with a mark, the which tract of land is called by the English name of Hogg Pond ridge, to have and to hold, &c., &c.

In witness hereof I have set to my hand this 4th day of September, in the year A.D. 1680.

Witness the mark of S Couko. ' ' •* The mark of

Owrovvvvoaha O Maremakung

alias 6 Will.

The next year occurs another sale from the same chief, Maramaking, " For a valuable consideration, by the inhabitants of the

Hart. Rec. vol. iii. p. 36.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 25

M., and from thence by marked trees to a small run which runs into the above said brook, and there is marked with a mark, the which tract of land is called by the English name of Hogg Pond ridge, to have and to hold, &c., &c.

In witness hereof I have set to my hand this 4th day of September, in the year A.D. 1680.

Witness the mark of S Couko. ' ' •* The mark of

Owrovvvvoaha O Maremakung

alias 6 Will.

The next year occurs another sale from the same chief, Maramaking, " For a valuable consideration, by the inhabitants of the

Hart. Rec. vol. iii. p. 36.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 25

town of Rye, already received, namely, three coates in hand of the said inhabitants.

"For which he alienates, covenants, and sells to the same a certain tract of land lying between Byram river and the Blind brook or Honge.''^ In witness whereof I have set to my hand this Sth of October, 1681.

Witness the mark of Maramakiug,

Wissacanow "^ or else Lame Will,

Cowwows --^^>

Pammetum Z

Joshua Knapp,

Jacob Pail:©,

The above sales were long known and distinguished as Lame WiWs two purchases.

A.D. 1681, Peter Disbrow sells his Indian purchase on Poningoe neck to the rest of the proprietors. In 1683, Colonel Dongan arrived at New York as governor of the province. Soon afterwards the governor and council of Connecticut, in a letter to Dongan, dated October 5th, 1683, complain of a warrant having been issued to the constables of Rye, Greenwich and iStamford, wliich towns they claim are in Connecticut, by charter and agreement of 1664. ^ Dongan, in reply, October 9, 1683,b asserts that the Duke's patent extends to Connecticut river, and refers to the former agreement, twenty miles east of Hudson's river, which he is by no means compelled to confirm, only refers to the old claim for the purpose of extending as far as he can eastward of Hudson's river.

Soon afterwards the governor and council of Connecticut, in a letter to Dongan, dated October 5th, 1683, complain of a warrant having been issued to the constables of Rye, Greenwich and iStamford, wliich towns they claim are in Connecticut, by charter and agreement of 1664. ^ Dongan, in reply, October 9, 1683,b asserts that the Duke's patent extends to Connecticut river, and refers to the former agreement, twenty miles east of Hudson's river, which he is by no means compelled to confirm, only refers to the old claim for the purpose of extending as far as he can eastward of Hudson's river.

In return the governor and general court of Connecticut, October 16, 1684, refer Governor Dongan to the agreement of the King's Commissioners, A. D. 1664, as settling the boundary.*:

Governor Dongan in reply, November 5, 1683, states, '' that he must not be unmindful of his master's interest, thinks it not wrong to claim twenty miles from Hudson's river, eastward,

a Col. Bound. Hart. Rec. lib. ii. LeUer 42. b Col. B. Hart. Rec. lib. ii. Letter 43. <= Col. B. Hart Rec. Lib. ii. Letter 44.

Vol. II. 4

26 HISTORY OF THE

and also mentions that the commissioners were assured by Connecticnt people, that Mammaroneck river ivas twenty miles from Hiidsoii^s river, and conchides by assuring them he will have all twenty miles eastward of that river, or he will claim to Connecticut River, and further wishes the matter settled. ^

On the 2Sth of November of the same year the agents (appointed by the two governments,) came to an agreement that the line of partition should begin at Byram River at a point called Lyon's Point, where that river falls into the Sound, and run northerly at not less than twenty miles distance from the Hudson to the south line of Massachusetts.''

and also mentions that the commissioners were assured by Connecticnt people, that Mammaroneck river ivas twenty miles from Hiidsoii^s river, and conchides by assuring them he will have all twenty miles eastward of that river, or he will claim to Connecticut River, and further wishes the matter settled. ^

On the 2Sth of November of the same year the agents (appointed by the two governments,) came to an agreement that the line of partition should begin at Byram River at a point called Lyon's Point, where that river falls into the Sound, and run northerly at not less than twenty miles distance from the Hudson to the south line of Massachusetts.''

Upon the occasion of this change in 16S3, we find the following letter addressed to Lieutenant Horton and the select men of the town of Rye.

Fairfield, Dec. 3, 1683. Loving Friends :

We had purposed in our passage to York to have called upon you, but the badness of the weather, and taking our passage by water we mist the opportunity of seeing you in our going thither, and in our return. And therefore we take this first opportunity to acquaint you that although we were loath to have parted with you, and would have been glad to have continued you in this government, yet the providence of God hath so disposed that by our agreement with Governor Dongan, we are forced to part with you, and nould not help it, and the governoi;. promised us that he would not by this change alter any man's property or propriety, and therefore we thought it necessary to acquaint you of this change, and also to advise you speedily to apply him to grant you confirmation of your bounds and proprieties, which we doubt not but he will do also.

And therefore we take this first opportunity to acquaint you that although we were loath to have parted with you, and would have been glad to have continued you in this government, yet the providence of God hath so disposed that by our agreement with Governor Dongan, we are forced to part with you, and nould not help it, and the governoi;. promised us that he would not by this change alter any man's property or propriety, and therefore we thought it necessary to acquaint you of this change, and also to advise you speedily to apply him to grant you confirmation of your bounds and proprieties, which we doubt not but he will do also. We must acquaint you that you must by our agreement, pay to this colony this years rates, which the treasurer will appoint you, to whom you shall pay it speedily, it is one penny half penny upon the pound, accordincr to the list presented to the general court, in October last, by the agreement with°the governor, Dongan. The west bounds of our colony is now Byram River, and it runs as the river till it comes to the road, and from thence it runs north north west, till it hath run eight miles from the east point of said Byram River.

Gentlemen, we do request you to be satisfied and content with this change,

» Col. B. Hart Rec. Lib. ii. Letter 45. b Webster's Letters, p. 207.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 27

and to carry it suitably to the government under which you are now seated, and apply yourselves to the Honorable Governor, who is a noble gentleraaa and will do what you shall desire in a regular manner to promote your welfaie, which with best respects is all the needful from your assured friends.

Gentlemen, we do request you to be satisfied and content with this change,

» Col. B. Hart Rec. Lib. ii. Letter 45. b Webster's Letters, p. 207.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 27

and to carry it suitably to the government under which you are now seated, and apply yourselves to the Honorable Governor, who is a noble gentleraaa and will do what you shall desire in a regular manner to promote your welfaie, which with best respects is all the needful from your assured friends.

Robert Treat, Governor.

Nathan Gold, ^^^^j^^^^^ John Allen. >

Endorsed. These for Lieut. Joseph Horton, the select men of the town of Rye. These in Rye.

Notwithstanding this agreement, the towns of Rye and Bedford were again received into the colony of Connecticut, June 21, 1696-7.a

Governor Fletcher of New York, justly complained of this treatment, and issued his proclamation, requiring Rye and Bedford to return to their allegiance, April 15, 1697. b

The whole matter was now referred to the king, who in council, March 28th, 1700, confirmed the former agreement made 1683, and ordered "that the high sheriff of the county of Westchester, accompanied with two justices of the said county, do repair to the said towns of Rye and Bedford, and publish the said proclamation, requiring the inhabitants of the said towns, to give obedience to this government, pursuant to his majesties royal will and pleasure, at their peril.

Per order of council,

B. Cos INS, L. Coven try. "c

Oct. 10, 1700, the general assembly of Hartford ordered the signification of the settlement to be sent to the inhabitants of Rye and Bedford,

The whole matter was now referred to the king, who in council, March 28th, 1700, confirmed the former agreement made 1683, and ordered "that the high sheriff of the county of Westchester, accompanied with two justices of the said county, do repair to the said towns of Rye and Bedford, and publish the said proclamation, requiring the inhabitants of the said towns, to give obedience to this government, pursuant to his majesties royal will and pleasure, at their peril.

Per order of council,

B. Cos INS, L. Coven try. "c

Oct. 10, 1700, the general assembly of Hartford ordered the signification of the settlement to be sent to the inhabitants of Rye and Bedford,

The matter was not completed until May 14, 1731, when the lines were established as they now exist. The inhabitants of Rye in 1683, were the following :

Col. Bound. Hart. Rec. vol. ii. letter 138.

Col. Bound. Hart Rec. vol. ii. letters 140, 141,

Webster's Letters, p. 207.

Hachaliah Brown, Timothy Knapp, Jonathan Yowles, Jonas Stevens, John Brondig, Isaac Sherwood, Thomas Lyon, John Sillick, Caleb Hiatt, George Knison, John Purdy, Thomas Merritt, Francis Purdy, Joseph Ogden, Isaac Sherwood, John Boyd, Robert Bloomer, JamesTravis, Robert Blener, Jacob Paree, Deliverance Brown, Peter Disbrow, Thomas Lyon, George Knison, John Boyd, Thomas Slatham, William Odell, Thoinas Slatham, Richard Beatte, John Boyd, Samuel Jenkins, James Wright, John Horton, Richard Waters, John Stockhara, John Horton, Thomas Merritt, Joseph Sherwood, John Merritt, Hachaliah Brown, C3,leb Hiatt,

John Sellickes, James Wright, Stephen Sherwood, Stephen Sherwood, jun. Hamet Galpen, Samuel Odell, John Merritt, Samuel Jenkins, Joost Paldin, Timothy Knapp, William Odell, John Disbrow, Arnold Bassett, Robert Bloomer, Simon Robard, Joseph Horton, Joseph Sherwood, John Disbrow, Robert Bloomer, John Horton, Francis Purdy, Daniel Brondige, John Church, Stephen Sherwood,

Hachaliah Brown, Timothy Knapp, Jonathan Yowles, Jonas Stevens, John Brondig, Isaac Sherwood, Thomas Lyon, John Sillick, Caleb Hiatt, George Knison, John Purdy, Thomas Merritt, Francis Purdy, Joseph Ogden, Isaac Sherwood, John Boyd, Robert Bloomer, JamesTravis, Robert Blener, Jacob Paree, Deliverance Brown, Peter Disbrow, Thomas Lyon, George Knison, John Boyd, Thomas Slatham, William Odell, Thoinas Slatham, Richard Beatte, John Boyd, Samuel Jenkins, James Wright, John Horton, Richard Waters, John Stockhara, John Horton, Thomas Merritt, Joseph Sherwood, John Merritt, Hachaliah Brown, C3,leb Hiatt,

John Sellickes, James Wright, Stephen Sherwood, Stephen Sherwood, jun. Hamet Galpen, Samuel Odell, John Merritt, Samuel Jenkins, Joost Paldin, Timothy Knapp, William Odell, John Disbrow, Arnold Bassett, Robert Bloomer, Simon Robard, Joseph Horton, Joseph Sherwood, John Disbrow, Robert Bloomer, John Horton, Francis Purdy, Daniel Brondige, John Church, Stephen Sherwood,

Joseph Gurney,

Jonathan Kniffin,

Ciniamon Horton,

Stephen Sherwood,

Francis Purdy,

Peter Brown,

The draft of the swamp,

James Travis,

Joseph Sherwood,

The draught of lots by Biram River,

David Ogden,

Robert Bloomer,

The draught ol Biram's neck,

Thomas Merritt,

Mary Ogden,

Isaac Denham,

The town grants from

Hartford, Isaac Denham, Abraham Brush, Abraham Smith, John Ogden, Samuel Banks, Joseph Stud well, Philip Travis, John Merritt, Stephen Sherwood, Joseph Merritt, John Feast, Jonathan Kniften, Humphrey Underbill, John Turner, Robert Bloomer, Hachaliah Brown, Jonathan Hart, Ebenezer Kniffen, John Boyd,

Roger Park, Joost Pauldinck,

Thomas Merritt,

Joseph Banks,

Ruhamah Bishop,

Francis Purdy,

John Vail,

John Vail,

Isaac Anderson,

John Merritt,

A draught of Will's purchase,

Joseph Purdy,

Richard Ogden,

Henry Hiatt,

Pond field draught.

The town grants from

Hartford, Isaac Denham, Abraham Brush, Abraham Smith, John Ogden, Samuel Banks, Joseph Stud well, Philip Travis, John Merritt, Stephen Sherwood, Joseph Merritt, John Feast, Jonathan Kniften, Humphrey Underbill, John Turner, Robert Bloomer, Hachaliah Brown, Jonathan Hart, Ebenezer Kniffen, John Boyd,

Roger Park, Joost Pauldinck,

Thomas Merritt,

Joseph Banks,

Ruhamah Bishop,

Francis Purdy,

John Vail,

John Vail,

Isaac Anderson,

John Merritt,

A draught of Will's purchase,

Joseph Purdy,

Richard Ogden,

Henry Hiatt,

Pond field draught.

The three draughts ii Will's purchase,

Joseph Robinson,

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 29

John Boddegaret, Jolin Bromlig, David Horton,

John Brondig, Jonathan Kniffen, John Iliatt,

David Horton.^

Upon the " 23d of November, 1686, the town empowered Benjamin Colyer and John Brondige, to treat with the governor for a general patent for the township of Rye." The proprietors of Poningoe neck also authorized the same individuals to obtain a jyarticular patent for said neck.b The general patent appears to have been granted, for on the 28ih of Feb. 1686-7, occurs certain " charges, arising from the business between Richard Patrick and the town of Rye, and all the expenses of procuring a patent, for the bounds and privileges of the said town." A patent for Poningoe neck, must also have been obtained, for we invariably find the meetings of its proprietors held distinct from those of the town. At a meeting of the proprietors of Poningoe neck, Dec. J 1th, 1699, a grant was made to Richard Ogden, of an island commonly called Fox island.

Upon the " 23d of November, 1686, the town empowered Benjamin Colyer and John Brondige, to treat with the governor for a general patent for the township of Rye." The proprietors of Poningoe neck also authorized the same individuals to obtain a jyarticular patent for said neck.b The general patent appears to have been granted, for on the 28ih of Feb. 1686-7, occurs certain " charges, arising from the business between Richard Patrick and the town of Rye, and all the expenses of procuring a patent, for the bounds and privileges of the said town." A patent for Poningoe neck, must also have been obtained, for we invariably find the meetings of its proprietors held distinct from those of the town. At a meeting of the proprietors of Poningoe neck, Dec. J 1th, 1699, a grant was made to Richard Ogden, of an island commonly called Fox island.

In 1694, we find the Indian Sachem Patthunck, witli the full consent of his son and heir Wappetoe Patthunck, conveying to Joseph Horton, a parcel of land beginning at certain marked trees, ifcc, with turf and twigg taken off the said ground and delivered to the said grantee, in peaceable and quiet possession by the said Patthunck, sen., and Patthunck. jr. c. The above tract of land was situated

On ths east side of Mamaroneck river, and ran with a line of mark trees until it came to the said river, and again to a red oak tree, close by the river marked IH, together vi^ith all the woods, &c. &c., to the said Joseph Horton, his heirs &c. Dated this 29th day of Dec. A. D. 1691.

In 1694, we find the Indian Sachem Patthunck, witli the full consent of his son and heir Wappetoe Patthunck, conveying to Joseph Horton, a parcel of land beginning at certain marked trees, ifcc, with turf and twigg taken off the said ground and delivered to the said grantee, in peaceable and quiet possession by the said Patthunck, sen., and Patthunck. jr. c. The above tract of land was situated

On ths east side of Mamaroneck river, and ran with a line of mark trees until it came to the said river, and again to a red oak tree, close by the river marked IH, together vi^ith all the woods, &c. &c., to the said Joseph Horton, his heirs &c. Dated this 29th day of Dec. A. D. 1691.

Signed, sealed and delivered, in presence of us. The mark of " " ■

The mark of Patthunck, sen. o

^ Rye Rec. Lib. B.

b April 2d, 1688, Timothy Knap was chosen collector for tlie governor's rate of three half pence per pound.

e This feudal custom was always transacted with the greatest formality. A twig and a piece of turf having been brought to the Sagamore, he placed the end of the branch on the clod, and then handed them both to the purchaser, as a token that he thereby surrendered to him the soil, with all the trees and its appurtenances.

30 HISTORY OF THE

Captain Robin, |x} Indian, The mark of

William Coales, Wappetoe Patthunck,X

The mark of ^ R. P. Miller. The mark of Betty Patthunck.

A twig and a piece of turf having been brought to the Sagamore, he placed the end of the branch on the clod, and then handed them both to the purchaser, as a token that he thereby surrendered to him the soil, with all the trees and its appurtenances.

30 HISTORY OF THE

Captain Robin, |x} Indian, The mark of

William Coales, Wappetoe Patthunck,X

The mark of ^ R. P. Miller. The mark of Betty Patthunck.

The mark of Ackanum Patthunck, x daughter to the above named Patthunck, sen.

13 April, 1705. The Indian chiefs Wapeto, Rarequash, and Mekeran, granted to Capt. Joseph Theall, Capt. John Clapp and Capt. John Horton all of ye town of Rye,

" A certain parcel of land lying and being within ye township of Rye, bounded by a certain beach tree standing upon the brink of Byram river, marked •with J. G. J. and J. H. and J. C, running up ye said river northerly to a great swamp, where standeth an ash tree marked with the above said letters, and from thence in a direct course to an oak tree with stones laid at ye root, and from thence with a range of marked trees of the northermost corner of ye great pond, so running down by ye said pond till it meeteth with a white oak sapling marked with ye above said letters, and from thence by certain marked trees to the above said marked beach tree by ye brink of Byram river. a Sig. sealed and delivered The true mark of O Wapetoe,

C, running up ye said river northerly to a great swamp, where standeth an ash tree marked with the above said letters, and from thence in a direct course to an oak tree with stones laid at ye root, and from thence with a range of marked trees of the northermost corner of ye great pond, so running down by ye said pond till it meeteth with a white oak sapling marked with ye above said letters, and from thence by certain marked trees to the above said marked beach tree by ye brink of Byram river. a Sig. sealed and delivered The true mark of O Wapetoe,

in the presence of The true mark of ><; Raresquash.

Daniel Strang. ' The true mark of O" Mekeran.

Joseph Purdy. The marke of <d Pare.

A further gram and confirmation was obtained of the Indian proprietors, Seringoe, Raresquash and Wapeto Patthunck, by John Clapp and others, 20 July, 1705.

" Of all that said tract of land which is butted and bounded as follows, viz. beginning at a beach tree standing by Byram river near a great rock, marked with letters J. H. J. P. J. C, then running up the said river north-west lo a certain ash tree in the upper end of a place commonly called Pond Pound neck, marked with the letters aforesaid, &c., &c., to the Colony line and thence by the said Colony line westerdly to the eight mile stake standing between three white oak trees, marked, viz. one of said trees is marked with the letters C. C. R. on the north side, and on ye south side J. D. and from said tree in a direct line runs to ye northmost corner of Rye Pond and thence south 10 degrees westerdly to a white oak sapling, marked by the Pond side with the letters J.

C, then running up the said river north-west lo a certain ash tree in the upper end of a place commonly called Pond Pound neck, marked with the letters aforesaid, &c., &c., to the Colony line and thence by the said Colony line westerdly to the eight mile stake standing between three white oak trees, marked, viz. one of said trees is marked with the letters C. C. R. on the north side, and on ye south side J. D. and from said tree in a direct line runs to ye northmost corner of Rye Pond and thence south 10 degrees westerdly to a white oak sapling, marked by the Pond side with the letters J. P., thence by a range of marked trees south 64 degrees

See Warrant for Survey. Alb. Rec. Lib. i. 127, 8.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 31

east to an ash tree standing by Blind brook on the easl side thereof, and thence by another range of marked trees to a certain chesnut tree marked with the letters J. J. on ye north side, on the west side with the letters J. P., on the south-west side with letters J. H., and thence by a range of marked trees to ye place where it began. ^

The mark of Serringoe. Signed, sealed and delivered Serringoe's mark in behalf Wapeto,

in presence of Pathunck, and of his brother Pvaresquash.

James Mott.

Henry Disbrow.

Joost Paldinck.

The above sales were ngain confirnied by the Indians, 13 September, 1705.b

J. on ye north side, on the west side with the letters J. P., on the south-west side with letters J. H., and thence by a range of marked trees to ye place where it began. ^

The mark of Serringoe. Signed, sealed and delivered Serringoe's mark in behalf Wapeto,

in presence of Pathunck, and of his brother Pvaresquash.

James Mott.

Henry Disbrow.

Joost Paldinck.

The above sales were ngain confirnied by the Indians, 13 September, 1705.b

At a Court of General Assembly Iiolden at New Haven, 12th October, 1710, "' Captain John Clapp of the town of Rye, in the province of New York, presented a petition to this assembly on the behalf of himself and partners, praying for a patent to be granted to them of a certain piece or parcel of land lying in this Colony and within the bounds of the said town of Rye, which they had purchased (with lycense) of the native Indians."

Upon consideration whereof, this assembly do resolve that no patent shall be granted to them, forasmuch as the said land hath been formerly granted by this governnent to the inhabitants of the said town of Rye, and also a patent given them for the same."'^

Q,ueen Anne the same year issued her royal letters patent " to Anne Bridges, John Clapp, Augustine Graham, John Horton, and Thomas Hyatt for lands in Rye,

Beginning at a beach tree standing by Byram river, near a great rock marked with ye letters J. H. J. P. J. C, thence running up by ye said river north north-west to a certain ash tree in ye upper end of a place commonly called ye Pond Pound neck, marked with ye letters aforesaid, and to ye Colony line, and from tbence by ye said Colony line westerdly to ye eight mile stake standing between three white oak trees, marked, viz. one of ye said trees is marked with the letters C.

H. J. P. J. C, thence running up by ye said river north north-west to a certain ash tree in ye upper end of a place commonly called ye Pond Pound neck, marked with ye letters aforesaid, and to ye Colony line, and from tbence by ye said Colony line westerdly to ye eight mile stake standing between three white oak trees, marked, viz. one of ye said trees is marked with the letters C. C. R. on ye north side, and on ye south

■^ Warrant for Survey, Ind. deeds. Alb. Rec. Lib. i. 129. b Co. Rec. Lib. E. 46. c Hart. Rec. vol. iv. 12L

32 » ■■ HISTORY OF THE

side J. D., and from ye said tree on a direct line it runs to ye northermost corner of Rye Pond, and thence so to the westerdly to a white oak sapling marked by ye pond side with the letters J. J. P., thence by a range of marked trees so by ye east to an ash tree standing by Blind brook on ye east side thereof, and thence by another range of marked trees to a certain chesnut tree marked with ye letters I. T. on ye north side, on ye west side with ye letters I. P., on ye no/th-west side with ye letters I, H.,and thence by a range of marked trees to ye place where it began, &c., &c. To the abovo said patentees, &c., &c.a

The proprietors of Poningoe neck were in 1715,

P., thence by a range of marked trees so by ye east to an ash tree standing by Blind brook on ye east side thereof, and thence by another range of marked trees to a certain chesnut tree marked with ye letters I. T. on ye north side, on ye west side with ye letters I. P., on ye no/th-west side with ye letters I, H.,and thence by a range of marked trees to ye place where it began, &c., &c. To the abovo said patentees, &c., &c.a

The proprietors of Poningoe neck were in 1715,

Hachaliah Brown, Joseph Sherwood,

Deliverance Brown, Isaac Anderson,

John Stoakham, John Merritt, Sen.

Robert Bloomer, • John Brondige,

George Lane, , ; . George S. Kniffen,

^ Timothy Knapp, , John Disbrow,

, Richard Ogden, Thomas Merritt, •

Daniel Purdy, Ebenezer Kniffen, Peter Brown.

Upon the 1st of July, 1715, Robert Hunter, Captain General and Commander-in-chief, set out for patent to Christopher Bridges, clerk, rector of the parish of Rye, and' his heirs and assigns, twenty small parcels of land situate, &c., in the precinct and parish of Rye, (fcc, not heretofore granted under the seal of the Province ; all which certain tracts of land, purchased by Chistopher Bridges, contained two hundred and eighty-one acres.^

On the 12th of August, 1720, the following letters patent were issued under the great seal of the Province.

CHARTER OF RYE.

" George the First, by the grace of God, of Great Britain, France and Ireland King, Defender of the Failh, &c.. To all to whom these presents shall come, sendeth greeting. Whereas our loving subjects Daniel Purdy, son of John Purdy, deceased, Samuel Brown, and Benjamin Brown, in behalf of themselves and others, freeholders and inhabitants of the township of Rye, in the county of Westchester, in the province of New York, by their humble

" George the First, by the grace of God, of Great Britain, France and Ireland King, Defender of the Failh, &c.. To all to whom these presents shall come, sendeth greeting. Whereas our loving subjects Daniel Purdy, son of John Purdy, deceased, Samuel Brown, and Benjamin Brown, in behalf of themselves and others, freeholders and inhabitants of the township of Rye, in the county of Westchester, in the province of New York, by their humble

a Co. Rec. Lib. E. 2.

b Alb. Rec. Book of Patents, Lib. viii. 185. The patent appears to have been granted in 1718.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 33

petition presented to our trusty and well beloved Col. Philip Schuyler, president of our council for our province of New York aforesaid, have set forth that they and their ancestors and predecessors, under whom they hold, have held, and improved at their great charges with their labour and industry, a certain tract of land bordering upon the line of division between this province and Connecticut colony, for which they and their ancestors and predecessors have hitherto had no patent under the seals of the province of New York, •which said tract of land is situated, lying, and being between Byram river and Blind brook, and beginning at a certain rock, being the ending of a part of land commonly known by the name of Town neck point, and is the southermost point of the said tract of land, thence running easterly by the Sound to a point near the mouth of Byram river, called Byram's point, including a certain island called Manusses Island ; and from the said Byram point northerly up Byram river on the east side of the said river, as the colony line is at present supposed to be run by the inhabitants of the neighborhood, to a rock standing on the east side of the said river by the wading place, and the high road leading to Connecticut, the north twenty-four degrees thirty minutes, west three hundred and forty-eight chains, as the line which divides this province from Connecticut is supposed to run by the said inhabitants, to a walnut tree marked with three notches on the three sides, being twelve chains on a straight line to an ash tree marked with three notches on three sides, standing near Blind brook, then down the said brook until it empties into a creek called Mill creek, and then by the said creek to the place where it began, containing four thousand five hundred acres of land or thereabout, after eighteen small tracts of land which lie within the said bounds, and are part of twenty small tracts formerly granted to the Rev.

Philip Schuyler, president of our council for our province of New York aforesaid, have set forth that they and their ancestors and predecessors, under whom they hold, have held, and improved at their great charges with their labour and industry, a certain tract of land bordering upon the line of division between this province and Connecticut colony, for which they and their ancestors and predecessors have hitherto had no patent under the seals of the province of New York, •which said tract of land is situated, lying, and being between Byram river and Blind brook, and beginning at a certain rock, being the ending of a part of land commonly known by the name of Town neck point, and is the southermost point of the said tract of land, thence running easterly by the Sound to a point near the mouth of Byram river, called Byram's point, including a certain island called Manusses Island ; and from the said Byram point northerly up Byram river on the east side of the said river, as the colony line is at present supposed to be run by the inhabitants of the neighborhood, to a rock standing on the east side of the said river by the wading place, and the high road leading to Connecticut, the north twenty-four degrees thirty minutes, west three hundred and forty-eight chains, as the line which divides this province from Connecticut is supposed to run by the said inhabitants, to a walnut tree marked with three notches on the three sides, being twelve chains on a straight line to an ash tree marked with three notches on three sides, standing near Blind brook, then down the said brook until it empties into a creek called Mill creek, and then by the said creek to the place where it began, containing four thousand five hundred acres of land or thereabout, after eighteen small tracts of land which lie within the said bounds, and are part of twenty small tracts formerly granted to the Rev.

Christopher Bridges in his lifetime, are deducted and allowance being made for the king's highway ; and prayed to have our grant and letters patent for the same under the great seal of the province of New York, in the manner following, that is to say, to hold to them, their heirs, and assigns forever, but to and for the use and uses following, and to no other use whatsoever; (that is to say) as for and concerning such tracts of land and hereditaments, parts of the before recited four thousand five hundred acres of land and island whereof they the said Daniel Purdy, Samuel Brown, and Benjamin Brown, stand lawfully and rightfully seized and possessed in their own several and respective rights, interest, and estate, to and for the sole and only proper use, benefit and behoof of the aforesaid Daniel Purdy, Samuel Brown, and Benjamin Brown, severally and respectively, and of their several and respective heirs and assigns forever ; and as for and concerning such other tracts of land and hereditaments parts of the before recited four thousand five hundred acres of land and island which are belonging and appertaining to several other persons, freeholders and inhabitants within the bounds and limits of the same four thousand five hundred acres of land and island, some of more, some of less, according to the several, separate, and particular interest, in trust to and for the sole and only proper use, benefit and behoof of each par-

Vol. II. 5

Vol. II. 5

34 . HISTORY OF THE

■ ♦:

ticular freehold and inhabitant, particularly and respectively, and of each of their particular and respective heirs and assigns forever, in as full and ample manner as if the particular names and their particular and several freeholds and inheritances were particularly and severally mentioned and described, under the usual quit rent, with the usual clauses, provisions, conditions, limitations and restrictions as are limited and appointed by our royal instructions for the granting of lands in our province of New York for that purpose. Which request we being willing to grant, Know ye, that of our especial grace, certain knowledge, and mere motion, we have given, granted, ratified and confirmed, and do by these presents, for us, our heirs and successors, give, grant, ratify and confirm unto the said Daniel Purdy, Samuel Brown and Benjamin Brown, and to their heirs and assigns forever, all that the aforesaid tract of land and island containing in the whole four thousand five hundred acres in manner and form as last mentioned and described, together with all and singular the woods, underwoods, houses, edifices, buildings, barns, fences, orchards, fields, feedings, pastures, meadows, marshes, swamps, ponds, pools, waters, water courses, runs, rivulets, rivers and streams of water, fishing, fowling, hunting and hawking, quarries, mines, minerals, standing, growing, lying and being, or to be had or used and enjoyed vviihin the limits and bounds aforesaid, and all other profits, &c., &c. To have and to hold all that the aforesaid tract of land and island, containing in the whole four thousand five hundred acres, and all other the above recited premises, &c., &c." " Witness our said trusty and well beloved Colonel Peter Schuyler, president of our council for our province of New York, in council at Fort George in New York, the eleventh day of August, in the sixth year of our reign, A.l). 1720.='

To have and to hold all that the aforesaid tract of land and island, containing in the whole four thousand five hundred acres, and all other the above recited premises, &c., &c." " Witness our said trusty and well beloved Colonel Peter Schuyler, president of our council for our province of New York, in council at Fort George in New York, the eleventh day of August, in the sixth year of our reign, A.l). 1720.='

In 17S6 the people of the State, (as successors of the Crown,) claimed the arrears of quit rent due upon the tract of four thousand five hundred acres, granted to Daniel Purdy, Samuel Brown and Benjamin Brown, on the 11th of August, 1720.

The lands west of the Blind brook, called by the Indians Apawquammis, are to be distinguished from the rest of the township of Rye, as constituting a distinct patent. This territory wgs purchased of the native sachem Shanarocke and other Indians, by John Budd of Soulhhold, Long Island.

To all Christian people, Ingains and others whom it may concern, that we whose names are hereunto subscribed, living upon Hudson's river, in America, That we Shanarocke, sagamore, and Rackeate, Napockheast, Tawkaheare, Nanderwhere, Tamepawcan, Rawmaquare, Puwaytahem, Mawmawytam, Howhoranes, Cockkenecs, Tawwayens, Altoemacke, Heathomees, all

« Alb. Rec. Book of Patents, lib. viii. 407.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. ., 35

Ingians, for divers good causes and considerations us hereunto moving, have fully and absolutely bargained and doe for ever sell unto John Budd, senior, of South hole, his heires, executors, &c., all our real right, titiell and interest we or other of us have in one neack of land lying on the mayn, called Apawammeis, buted and bounded on the east with Mockquams river, and on the south with the sea against Long Island, and on the west with Pockeotessmake river, and at the north up to the marke trees nyeer Westchester, both all the lands, trees to fell at his pleasure, with all the grounds and meadow grounds and planting grounds, moynes and minerals, springs and rivers or what else lying or being within the sayd neck track of land, and also range, feeding and grasse for cattell, twenty English miles northward into the country, and trees to fell at his or their pleasure, and to their proper use and improvements of the said John Budd, his heirs, executors, &c. for ever to enjoy, possess and keepe as their real right, as also peaceably to inherite the sayd track of land with all thereone, and we the before named Ingians doe acknowledge and confesse to have received in hand of the said John Budd, the juste sum of eightie pounds sterling in full satisfaction for the aforesaid land with all the limits, bounds and privileges without lett or molestation of any one.

Ingians, for divers good causes and considerations us hereunto moving, have fully and absolutely bargained and doe for ever sell unto John Budd, senior, of South hole, his heires, executors, &c., all our real right, titiell and interest we or other of us have in one neack of land lying on the mayn, called Apawammeis, buted and bounded on the east with Mockquams river, and on the south with the sea against Long Island, and on the west with Pockeotessmake river, and at the north up to the marke trees nyeer Westchester, both all the lands, trees to fell at his pleasure, with all the grounds and meadow grounds and planting grounds, moynes and minerals, springs and rivers or what else lying or being within the sayd neck track of land, and also range, feeding and grasse for cattell, twenty English miles northward into the country, and trees to fell at his or their pleasure, and to their proper use and improvements of the said John Budd, his heirs, executors, &c. for ever to enjoy, possess and keepe as their real right, as also peaceably to inherite the sayd track of land with all thereone, and we the before named Ingians doe acknowledge and confesse to have received in hand of the said John Budd, the juste sum of eightie pounds sterling in full satisfaction for the aforesaid land with all the limits, bounds and privileges without lett or molestation of any one. Now for the more true and reall enjoyment and possession of the said John Budd his heirs, &c., we doe jointly and severally, us and either ot us, or any by or under us, for ever assign and make over by virtue of this our deed and bill of sale, dlsclayme any further right in the sayd tract of land from the day of the date hereof, and all and each of us do promise to put the said John Budd or his into quiet, peaceable possession, and him to keep and defend and mayntaine against all person or persons whatsoever that shall directly or Indirectly lay any clayme or former grant, or shall trouble or moles' the said John Budd or his, be they English, or Dutch, or Ingalns, or whatsoever.

Now for the more true and reall enjoyment and possession of the said John Budd his heirs, &c., we doe jointly and severally, us and either ot us, or any by or under us, for ever assign and make over by virtue of this our deed and bill of sale, dlsclayme any further right in the sayd tract of land from the day of the date hereof, and all and each of us do promise to put the said John Budd or his into quiet, peaceable possession, and him to keep and defend and mayntaine against all person or persons whatsoever that shall directly or Indirectly lay any clayme or former grant, or shall trouble or moles' the said John Budd or his, be they English, or Dutch, or Ingalns, or whatsoever. We the aforenamed Ingalns doe engage ourselves, heirs, executors, &c., to make good this our obligations as aforesaid, I Shanarocke, Rackeate, Napockheast, Tawkaheare, Nanderwhere, Tamepawcan, Rawmaquare, Puwwaytahem, Mawmawytam, Howhoranes, Cockkenecs, Tawwayen, Altoemacke, Heathomees, have hereunto set our hands at time and times, and we doe approve of each of our hands to this deed to be good and firm. Witness this our hands this day, being the Sth of November, 1661. Signed, sealed and delivered.

Thomas Revell,^ The mark of O Shanarocke.

John Coe, O Nanderwhere.

Thomas Clowes. C? Napockheast.

Humphrey Hughes. -- Howhoranes.

Pi Kawmaquaie. t> Rackeat. '^ Pawwaytaken. 1.281019 X Cockensseco.

« Probably Thomas Pell ; see vol. i. 286.

36 HISTORY OF THE

Know all men, English and Ingains, that whereas Shanarocke sold John Budd all the land from the sea to Westchester path, I Shanarocke marked trees by Penning path do hereby give and grant and acknowledge that I have received full satisfaction of him, and according to the true intent of these bounds, he the sayd John Budd is to have and enjoy all the land by the Blind brook to Westchester path, in witness my hand.

Know all men, English and Ingains, that whereas Shanarocke sold John Budd all the land from the sea to Westchester path, I Shanarocke marked trees by Penning path do hereby give and grant and acknowledge that I have received full satisfaction of him, and according to the true intent of these bounds, he the sayd John Budd is to have and enjoy all the land by the Blind brook to Westchester path, in witness my hand.

Witness the The mark of Shanarocke, ^.

mark of (i, Cokeo. The mark of Remaquie.

Peter Disbrow.

' . 11 month, 5 day, 1661.

Know all men whom this may concern, that I Shanarocke, sachem, have bargained, sold and delivered unto John Budd, the islands lying south from the neck of land the sayd John Budd bought of me and other Ingains, and have received full satisfaction of Thomas Close for the said John Budd's use and due warrant the sale above written in the presence of Thomas Close and William Jones.

The mark of O Shanarocke, sachem. To John Budd. :^

Another bill of sale occurs a few days later for the lands east of the Mamaroneck river.

11 month, twelfth day, 1661. Know all men whom this may concern, that I Shanarocke, Rawmaqua, Rackeath, Pawwaytaham, Mawmatoe, Hawing, have bargained sold and delivered unto John Budd a neck of land, bounded by a neck of land he bought of me and other Ingains on the south, and with Merremack river on the west, and with marked trees to the north, with twenty miles for feeding ground for cattle with all the woods, trees, marshes, meadows and rivers, and have received full satisfaction in coats and threescore faddom of wampum of Thomas Close for the said John's use, and to engage myself to warrant the sale thereof against all men, English, Dutch and Ingans, and for the faithful performance hereof, I have set my hand in the presence of Thomas Close and William Jones, the day and year above written.*

Know all men whom this may concern, that I Shanarocke, Rawmaqua, Rackeath, Pawwaytaham, Mawmatoe, Hawing, have bargained sold and delivered unto John Budd a neck of land, bounded by a neck of land he bought of me and other Ingains on the south, and with Merremack river on the west, and with marked trees to the north, with twenty miles for feeding ground for cattle with all the woods, trees, marshes, meadows and rivers, and have received full satisfaction in coats and threescore faddom of wampum of Thomas Close for the said John's use, and to engage myself to warrant the sale thereof against all men, English, Dutch and Ingans, and for the faithful performance hereof, I have set my hand in the presence of Thomas Close and William Jones, the day and year above written.*

The mark of Shanarocke. Rawmaqua. Hawnois. . _■ •■ ^ Peam, his mark.

Raze, his mark.

Col. Rec. Hartford, vol. i. p. 3.3.1,

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 37

A. D. 1665. John Biidd, sen., grants to John Morgan and John Concklin of Flushing, lands situate in Rye upon the southeastern neck, " bounded west by Mamaroneck river, east by a great rock in a bottom, south with the creek, and nortli by marked trees."=i

The next year, John Budd obtains a confirmation of his Apawquammis lands from the Indians, together with an additional grant of territory extending sixteen miles north of Westchester path- . -

To all Christian people, Indians and others living on Hudson's river in America, Shanaroeke, sagamore, and Rawackqua and Pathung, as we have formerly sold a tract of land nnto John Budd, bounded by the sea on the south, on the north by Westchester path, and the name of the tract of land is commonly called Apawamis, and whereas we have sold unto said John Budd twenty English miles northward from the above said tract of land which is called by Apawamis, the above said twenty English miles we do acknowledge that we have sold unto Mr.

To all Christian people, Indians and others living on Hudson's river in America, Shanaroeke, sagamore, and Rawackqua and Pathung, as we have formerly sold a tract of land nnto John Budd, bounded by the sea on the south, on the north by Westchester path, and the name of the tract of land is commonly called Apawamis, and whereas we have sold unto said John Budd twenty English miles northward from the above said tract of land which is called by Apawamis, the above said twenty English miles we do acknowledge that we have sold unto Mr. John Budd for range, for feed, for timber, for graseing, to him and his heirs for ever, and now we doe acknowledge that we have bargained, sold and de'ivered, we and every one of us, for our heirs, executors or assignees jointly and severally unto John Budd, his heirs, execu-^ tors or assignees a tract of land lying within the compass of the above said twenty English miles, bounded on the south by Westchester path, and on the east by the Blind brook, and on the west by iVIamaroneck river, and the north bounds is sixteen miles English from Westchester path up into the country, for which land we received already in hand a certain sum, to the value of £20 sterling, for the abovesaid tract of land ; for which land we are fully satisfied by the said John Budd, for the above said tract of land, for the which we doe acknowledge we have bargained, sold and delivered unto John Budd and his heirs for ever, with warrantee against all men, English, Dutch and hidians, and doe give him full possession, and promise so to keep him, to the which bargain and agreement, we have hereunto set our hands this day, being the 29th of April, 166G.

John Budd for range, for feed, for timber, for graseing, to him and his heirs for ever, and now we doe acknowledge that we have bargained, sold and de'ivered, we and every one of us, for our heirs, executors or assignees jointly and severally unto John Budd, his heirs, execu-^ tors or assignees a tract of land lying within the compass of the above said twenty English miles, bounded on the south by Westchester path, and on the east by the Blind brook, and on the west by iVIamaroneck river, and the north bounds is sixteen miles English from Westchester path up into the country, for which land we received already in hand a certain sum, to the value of £20 sterling, for the abovesaid tract of land ; for which land we are fully satisfied by the said John Budd, for the above said tract of land, for the which we doe acknowledge we have bargained, sold and delivered unto John Budd and his heirs for ever, with warrantee against all men, English, Dutch and hidians, and doe give him full possession, and promise so to keep him, to the which bargain and agreement, we have hereunto set our hands this day, being the 29th of April, 166G.

Witness, Joseph Ilorton, Shanaroeke,

Witness, John Rawls, • Romackqua,

The mark of Coco, Indian. • Pathung,

Sachems.

The proprietors of Rye appear to have viewed these extensive purchases of John Budd, with no little degree of anxiety, for we

Col. Rec. Hartford, vol i p. 333, 4.

Witness, Joseph Ilorton, Shanaroeke,

Witness, John Rawls, • Romackqua,

The mark of Coco, Indian. • Pathung,

Sachems.

The proprietors of Rye appear to have viewed these extensive purchases of John Budd, with no little degree of anxiety, for we

Col. Rec. Hartford, vol i p. 333, 4.

38 - .*. . HISTORY OF THE

find ihe following petition dispatched to the 2:eneral court by the inhabitants of Rye, on the 2d of October, 1(368.

The humble petition of the inhabitants of the town of Rye, to the R,ight Honorable the Governor and the rest of the gentlemen of the general court at Hartford.

May it please your Honor, with the gentlemen of the general courte, to understand that about four years since, that John Budd did present a paper with several names toil, of inhabitants on his neck or island, so called and patented. It was for the settling of himself and children; on which we conceived had it been performed it had done noe great injury to the towne ; but he noe ways pretended it, as doth agree, but hath and doth dayley let it and settle people upon it, extreamely prejuditiall to the towne, without the towne's approbation, which wee humbly conceave may be our injury if not speedily prevented ; Doe humbly request that neck of land may be delivered up to the town, we paying him by Indian purchases with interest, he abating for what land he hath sold, if not prejuditiall to the towne. And ihem that are prejuditiall, may be removed, and that you would be pleased to depute two or three persones whom you shall think meet, to come and settell amongst us with what speed may be. Soe we rest your humble petitioners.

It was for the settling of himself and children; on which we conceived had it been performed it had done noe great injury to the towne ; but he noe ways pretended it, as doth agree, but hath and doth dayley let it and settle people upon it, extreamely prejuditiall to the towne, without the towne's approbation, which wee humbly conceave may be our injury if not speedily prevented ; Doe humbly request that neck of land may be delivered up to the town, we paying him by Indian purchases with interest, he abating for what land he hath sold, if not prejuditiall to the towne. And ihem that are prejuditiall, may be removed, and that you would be pleased to depute two or three persones whom you shall think meet, to come and settell amongst us with what speed may be. Soe we rest your humble petitioners.

Peter Disbrow, William Woodhull, Robert Bloomer, :■ Richard Coules, John Brondig, Stephen Sherwood,

. Timothy Knapp, Thomas Browne, George Lane.

" On the 15th of October, 1672, the general courte assembled at Hartford, ordered that Mr. Budd and those of Rye, that have appropriated the lands of Rye to themselves shall appear at general court in May next, to make appear their right. For the general court intends to settle those lands according to righteousness, that no plantation may be discouraged, and plantation work may goe forward to better satisfaction than formerly.''^

The court must subsequently have confirmed John Budd, in his rights as proprietor, for we find him in 1681-2, granting a piece of meadow land lying westward of John Ogden, to John Horton.'^

Budd and those of Rye, that have appropriated the lands of Rye to themselves shall appear at general court in May next, to make appear their right. For the general court intends to settle those lands according to righteousness, that no plantation may be discouraged, and plantation work may goe forward to better satisfaction than formerly.''^

The court must subsequently have confirmed John Budd, in his rights as proprietor, for we find him in 1681-2, granting a piece of meadow land lying westward of John Ogden, to John Horton.'^

Hart. Rec. vol. iii. 29. b Co. Rec. Lib. B. 84.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. -^ 39

> ' ♦

In 16S5, John Budd, of Southhold, in New England, sold to Joseph Ptirdy a certain tract of land in Rye, lying and being upon the neck called Epavvainos, bounded on the east by Blind Brook, &c., (fcc. Also a parcel of land upon the same to Judith Brown and Joseph Ogden, 29 April, 1685.a-

The following orders were issued to the surveyor general, by his Excellency the governor in council, the 20th of February, 1695-6 : "you are hereby required to survey and lay out for Joseph Budd in order to a patent, all the land contained in an Indian purchase in Westchester Co., made A. D. 1661 ; from the Sound to the marked trees near Westchester path, bounded on the west by the Mamaroneck River, on the east side by parte of Blind Brook," and this shall be to you a sufficient warrant. ^

The following orders were issued to the surveyor general, by his Excellency the governor in council, the 20th of February, 1695-6 : "you are hereby required to survey and lay out for Joseph Budd in order to a patent, all the land contained in an Indian purchase in Westchester Co., made A. D. 1661 ; from the Sound to the marked trees near Westchester path, bounded on the west by the Mamaroneck River, on the east side by parte of Blind Brook," and this shall be to you a sufficient warrant. ^

Benjamin Fletcher to Anthony Graham, Surveyor General, by order of council :

In consequence of the unsettled state of the boundary lines between the two colonies of New York and Connecticut, Joseph Budd failed in obtaining his patent at this time.

The general court also refused him a patent for his paternal lands in 1710, upon the ground that the former patent granted was sufficient. c It was not until the year 1720 that the Crown confirmed the Budd purchase by letters patent under the great seal of the province of New York, to Joseph Budd, John Hought and Daniel Purdy. the patentees yielding and rendering therefor yearly, to the governor, on the feast day of the blessed Virgin Mary, commonly called Lady day, the annual rent of one pound nineteen shillings.

CHARTER OF RYE NECK.

^ George, by the grace of God King of Great Britain, France and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, &c. All to whom these presents shall come, sendeth greeting ; whereas our loving subjects Joseph Budd, John Honght, and Daniel Purdy, inhabitants of the town of Rye, in the county of Westchester, by their petition presented to our trusty and well beloved Colonel Peter Schuyler,

The general court also refused him a patent for his paternal lands in 1710, upon the ground that the former patent granted was sufficient. c It was not until the year 1720 that the Crown confirmed the Budd purchase by letters patent under the great seal of the province of New York, to Joseph Budd, John Hought and Daniel Purdy. the patentees yielding and rendering therefor yearly, to the governor, on the feast day of the blessed Virgin Mary, commonly called Lady day, the annual rent of one pound nineteen shillings.

CHARTER OF RYE NECK.

^ George, by the grace of God King of Great Britain, France and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, &c. All to whom these presents shall come, sendeth greeting ; whereas our loving subjects Joseph Budd, John Honght, and Daniel Purdy, inhabitants of the town of Rye, in the county of Westchester, by their petition presented to our trusty and well beloved Colonel Peter Schuyler,

« Co. Uec. Lib. A. p. 14.

b Indian Deeds, Alb. Rec. warrant for survey, Lib. i. .39.

c Hart. Rec. vol. iv. 12 L

40 HISTORY OF THE <

president of the council for our province of New York, have set forth that in virtue of a purchase made by John Budd in his lifetime, the father of the aforesaid Joseph Budd, by licence from the governor of Connecticut colony, bearing date the eighth day of November, one thousand six hundred and sixty, of a certain tract or part of land in the bounds of the township of Rye, in the county of Westchester, then called Apawquammis, bounded east by a river then called Matquams river, southerly by the sea or sound against Long Island, now called the Island of Nassau, westerly by a river then called Poilhstoroak river, and northerly by marked trees near Westchester path, they the said petitioners, with divers others of our loving subjects, inhabitants of the same township of Rye, who have and do hold and enjoy the same tract of land by, from, or under the same John Budd and his heirs and assignees, have cultivated and improved the same at their great charge and great labour and industry, and have been and are now hitherto peaceably and quietly possessed thereof, praying to have the same confirmed to them by letters patent under the great seal of the province of New York, in the manner as is hereat'ter described, (that is to say) all that tract or neck of land in the township of Rye, in the county of Westchester, in the province of New York, now called Budd's purchase, beginning at a certain grist mill called Joseph Lyon's mill, standing on a brook called Blind brook, thence up the stream o*f said brook including the said mill, until it meets with a small brook called or known by the name of Bound brook, then on a north-west course until it meets with Westchester old road, thence south-westerly along the said road as it runs to a white oak tree marked on two sides, standing on the west side of a certain brook known by the name of Stoney brook, which white oak tree is the south-west corner of a certain patent called Harrison's patent, then from said white oak in a northwest course to an ash tree marked on two sides, standing on the east side of Maraneck river, close by the edge of said river as it runs to the place where said Maraneck river emptys itself into Maraneck harbour or neck, then southerly to where said Maraneck harbour or creek falls into the Sound, then easterly all along the Sound untill it meets with a certain creek called Mill creek, on tlie head whereof the aforesaid grist mill of Joseph Lyon is standing, thence up the channel of said creek as it runs until it meets the aforesaid grist mill where it first begun, bounded easterly by Blind brook and Mill creek, northerly by Westchester road and Harrison's patent, westerly by Maraneck river and harbor, and southerly by the Sound, together with a small island called Hen Island, lying in the Sound over against the said lands, about a quarter of a mile from the main, containing in the whole, main land and island, 1560 acres, to hold to them and their heirs and assignees forever, but to and for the use and uses following, and to no other use whatsoever ; (that is to say) as for and concerning such tracts of land hereditaments, part of the before recited tracts of land and island whereof the said Joseph Budd, John Hought and Daniel Purdy are and stand lawfully and rightfully seized and in their own several and respective, rights, interest and estate, to

president of the council for our province of New York, have set forth that in virtue of a purchase made by John Budd in his lifetime, the father of the aforesaid Joseph Budd, by licence from the governor of Connecticut colony, bearing date the eighth day of November, one thousand six hundred and sixty, of a certain tract or part of land in the bounds of the township of Rye, in the county of Westchester, then called Apawquammis, bounded east by a river then called Matquams river, southerly by the sea or sound against Long Island, now called the Island of Nassau, westerly by a river then called Poilhstoroak river, and northerly by marked trees near Westchester path, they the said petitioners, with divers others of our loving subjects, inhabitants of the same township of Rye, who have and do hold and enjoy the same tract of land by, from, or under the same John Budd and his heirs and assignees, have cultivated and improved the same at their great charge and great labour and industry, and have been and are now hitherto peaceably and quietly possessed thereof, praying to have the same confirmed to them by letters patent under the great seal of the province of New York, in the manner as is hereat'ter described, (that is to say) all that tract or neck of land in the township of Rye, in the county of Westchester, in the province of New York, now called Budd's purchase, beginning at a certain grist mill called Joseph Lyon's mill, standing on a brook called Blind brook, thence up the stream o*f said brook including the said mill, until it meets with a small brook called or known by the name of Bound brook, then on a north-west course until it meets with Westchester old road, thence south-westerly along the said road as it runs to a white oak tree marked on two sides, standing on the west side of a certain brook known by the name of Stoney brook, which white oak tree is the south-west corner of a certain patent called Harrison's patent, then from said white oak in a northwest course to an ash tree marked on two sides, standing on the east side of Maraneck river, close by the edge of said river as it runs to the place where said Maraneck river emptys itself into Maraneck harbour or neck, then southerly to where said Maraneck harbour or creek falls into the Sound, then easterly all along the Sound untill it meets with a certain creek called Mill creek, on tlie head whereof the aforesaid grist mill of Joseph Lyon is standing, thence up the channel of said creek as it runs until it meets the aforesaid grist mill where it first begun, bounded easterly by Blind brook and Mill creek, northerly by Westchester road and Harrison's patent, westerly by Maraneck river and harbor, and southerly by the Sound, together with a small island called Hen Island, lying in the Sound over against the said lands, about a quarter of a mile from the main, containing in the whole, main land and island, 1560 acres, to hold to them and their heirs and assignees forever, but to and for the use and uses following, and to no other use whatsoever ; (that is to say) as for and concerning such tracts of land hereditaments, part of the before recited tracts of land and island whereof the said Joseph Budd, John Hought and Daniel Purdy are and stand lawfully and rightfully seized and in their own several and respective, rights, interest and estate, to

COUxNTYOF WESTCHESTER. .41

and for the sole and only proper use, benefit and behoof of the aforesaid Joseph Budd, John Hought and Daniel Purdy, severally and respectively, and of their several and respective heirs and assignees forever, and as for and concerning such other tracts of land, parts of the before recited tract of land and island which are belonging and appertaining to several other persons, freeholders and inhabitants within the bounds of the same tract of land and island, some more and some less, allowing to th.eir several, separate, and particular interest, in trust to and for the sole and only proper use, benefit and behoof of each particular freeholder and inhabitant, particularly and respectively, and of each of their particular and respective heirs and assignees forever, in as full and ample manner as if their names were particularly and severally mentioned and expressed, and their particular and several freeholds were particularly and severally mentioned and described under the usual quit rent, with the usual clauses, provisions, conditions, limitations and restrictions as are limited and appointed by our royal instructions for granting of land in our said province. Which request we being willing to grant. Know ye, that of our especial grace, certain knowledge and mere motion, we have given, granted, ratii'yed and confirmed and do by these presents, for us, our heirs, and successors, give, grant, ratify, and confirm unto the said Joseph Budd, John Ilought and Daniel Purdy, and lo their heirs and assignees forever, all that the aforesaid tract of land and island before it, containing in the whole 1560 acres, in manner and form as last mentioned and described, together with all and singular, woods, underwoods, houses, edifices, buildings, barns, fences, orchards, fields, feedings, pastures, meadows, marshes, swamps, ponds, pools, waters, water courses, rivers, rivulets, runs, and streams of wat^r, fishing, fowling, hunting and hawking, quarries, mines, minerals, standing, growing, lying and being, or to be had, used and enjoyed, withia the limits and bounds aforesaid, and all other profits, benefits, liberties, privileges, hereditaments, and appurtenances to the same belonging or in any ways appertaining; and all that other estate right, title, interest, benefit, claim, and demand whatsoever, of, in, or to the same, and the reversion and reversions, remainder and remainders, and the yearly rents and profits of the same, excepting and alv/ays reserving out of this our own present grant, unto our heirs and successors forever, all such fir trees and pine trees of the diameter of twenty- four inches, at twelve inches from the ground or root, as are or shall be fit to make masts for our royal navy, as also such other trees as are or shall be fit to make plank or knees for the use of our royal navy only, which now are standing, growing or being, or which for ever hereafter shall be standing, growing or being, in or upon any of the said tract of land and island, with free license and liberty for any person and persons whomsoever, by us, our heirs and successors, or any of them, to be thereunto authorized and appointed under our or their sign manuel, with workmen, horses, waggons, carts and carriages, and without, to enter upon and come into the same tract of land and island, and there to fell and cut down, root up, hew, saw, rive, split, have, take, cart and carry away the same, tree?, planks,

Know ye, that of our especial grace, certain knowledge and mere motion, we have given, granted, ratii'yed and confirmed and do by these presents, for us, our heirs, and successors, give, grant, ratify, and confirm unto the said Joseph Budd, John Ilought and Daniel Purdy, and lo their heirs and assignees forever, all that the aforesaid tract of land and island before it, containing in the whole 1560 acres, in manner and form as last mentioned and described, together with all and singular, woods, underwoods, houses, edifices, buildings, barns, fences, orchards, fields, feedings, pastures, meadows, marshes, swamps, ponds, pools, waters, water courses, rivers, rivulets, runs, and streams of wat^r, fishing, fowling, hunting and hawking, quarries, mines, minerals, standing, growing, lying and being, or to be had, used and enjoyed, withia the limits and bounds aforesaid, and all other profits, benefits, liberties, privileges, hereditaments, and appurtenances to the same belonging or in any ways appertaining; and all that other estate right, title, interest, benefit, claim, and demand whatsoever, of, in, or to the same, and the reversion and reversions, remainder and remainders, and the yearly rents and profits of the same, excepting and alv/ays reserving out of this our own present grant, unto our heirs and successors forever, all such fir trees and pine trees of the diameter of twenty- four inches, at twelve inches from the ground or root, as are or shall be fit to make masts for our royal navy, as also such other trees as are or shall be fit to make plank or knees for the use of our royal navy only, which now are standing, growing or being, or which for ever hereafter shall be standing, growing or being, in or upon any of the said tract of land and island, with free license and liberty for any person and persons whomsoever, by us, our heirs and successors, or any of them, to be thereunto authorized and appointed under our or their sign manuel, with workmen, horses, waggons, carts and carriages, and without, to enter upon and come into the same tract of land and island, and there to fell and cut down, root up, hew, saw, rive, split, have, take, cart and carry away the same, tree?, planks,

42 HISTORY OF THE

masts and knees for the use aforesaid, and also, except all gold and silver mines, to have and to hold all that, the aforesaid tract of land, and island before it, containing in the whole, 1560 acres, and all other the above granted premises, with the hereditaments and appurtenances, (excepting only as before is excepted and reserved) unto the aforesaid Joseph Budd, John Hought and Daniel Purdy, their heirs and assignees forever, but to and for the uses following, and to and for no other use whatsoever, (that is to say) and for and concerning such tract of land and hereditaments, part or parts of the before recited tract of land and island herein and hereby granted, whereof them the said Joseph Budd, John Hought and Daniel Purdy, are, and stand lawfully and rightfully seized and possessed, in their own several and respective rights, interest and estate, to and for the sole and only proper use and benefit and behoof of the said Joseph Budd, John Hought and Daniel Purdy, severally and respectively, and their several and respective heirs and assignees for ever, and as for and containing such other tracts of land and hereditaments, part or parcel of the before recited tracts of land and island herein and hereby granted, which are or shall be belonging and appertaining to several other persons, freeholders and inhabitants, within the bounds of the same tract of land and island, some more and some less, allowing to their several separate and particular estates and interests in trust, to and for the sole and only proper use, benefit and behoof of each particular freeholder and inhabitant, particularly and respectively, and of each of their particular and respective heirs and assigns forever, in as full and ample manner, as if their several names and their several respective freeholds and inhabitants, were particularly and severally described and expressed in these presents, to be holden of us, our heirs and successors, in free and common socage, as of our manor of East Greenwich, in the county of Kent, within this realm, yielding, rendering and paying therefor unto us, our heirs and successors, unto our and their receiver general for the province of New York, for the time being at our custom house in the city of New York, yearly and every year for ever, on the feast day of the Annunciation of the blessed Virgin Mary, commonly called Lady day, the annual rent of two shillings and sixpence for every hundred acres of the said tract of land and island, and so proportionable, for a smaller quantity (that is to say) the sum of one pound nineteen shillings, for the whole tract of land and island, in lieu and stead of all other rents, services and duties and demands whatsoever, for the same tract of land, island and premises so granted as aforesaid, provided always, and these presents are upon this condition, that the same Joseph Budd, John Hought and Daniel Purdy, and the other freeholders and inhabitants of the same tract of land and island so granted as aforesaid, and their heirs and assigns, some or one of them have, or shall within the term and space of three years next ensuing the date hereof, settle, clear and make improvement of five acres of land at least, for every fifty acres of the said tract of land and island, and so proportionably for a larger or smaller tract or

masts and knees for the use aforesaid, and also, except all gold and silver mines, to have and to hold all that, the aforesaid tract of land, and island before it, containing in the whole, 1560 acres, and all other the above granted premises, with the hereditaments and appurtenances, (excepting only as before is excepted and reserved) unto the aforesaid Joseph Budd, John Hought and Daniel Purdy, their heirs and assignees forever, but to and for the uses following, and to and for no other use whatsoever, (that is to say) and for and concerning such tract of land and hereditaments, part or parts of the before recited tract of land and island herein and hereby granted, whereof them the said Joseph Budd, John Hought and Daniel Purdy, are, and stand lawfully and rightfully seized and possessed, in their own several and respective rights, interest and estate, to and for the sole and only proper use and benefit and behoof of the said Joseph Budd, John Hought and Daniel Purdy, severally and respectively, and their several and respective heirs and assignees for ever, and as for and containing such other tracts of land and hereditaments, part or parcel of the before recited tracts of land and island herein and hereby granted, which are or shall be belonging and appertaining to several other persons, freeholders and inhabitants, within the bounds of the same tract of land and island, some more and some less, allowing to their several separate and particular estates and interests in trust, to and for the sole and only proper use, benefit and behoof of each particular freeholder and inhabitant, particularly and respectively, and of each of their particular and respective heirs and assigns forever, in as full and ample manner, as if their several names and their several respective freeholds and inhabitants, were particularly and severally described and expressed in these presents, to be holden of us, our heirs and successors, in free and common socage, as of our manor of East Greenwich, in the county of Kent, within this realm, yielding, rendering and paying therefor unto us, our heirs and successors, unto our and their receiver general for the province of New York, for the time being at our custom house in the city of New York, yearly and every year for ever, on the feast day of the Annunciation of the blessed Virgin Mary, commonly called Lady day, the annual rent of two shillings and sixpence for every hundred acres of the said tract of land and island, and so proportionable, for a smaller quantity (that is to say) the sum of one pound nineteen shillings, for the whole tract of land and island, in lieu and stead of all other rents, services and duties and demands whatsoever, for the same tract of land, island and premises so granted as aforesaid, provided always, and these presents are upon this condition, that the same Joseph Budd, John Hought and Daniel Purdy, and the other freeholders and inhabitants of the same tract of land and island so granted as aforesaid, and their heirs and assigns, some or one of them have, or shall within the term and space of three years next ensuing the date hereof, settle, clear and make improvement of five acres of land at least, for every fifty acres of the said tract of land and island, and so proportionably for a larger or smaller tract or

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 43

part thereof, and in fault thereof, or if the said Joseph Budd, John Hought and Daniel Purdy, and the other inhabitants and freeholders of an)' part or parts of the said tract of land and island, or their heirs and assigns or any of, thein, or any other person or persons, by their or any of their privity, consent or procurement, shall set on fire and burn the woods in the same tract of land and island, or any part thereof, to clear the same, that then and in either of these cases, this our present grant, and every article and clause thereof, shall become void, cease and determine any thing in these presents to the contrary thereof, in any way notwithstanding we do hereby will and grant, that these our letters shall be made patent, and that they and the record of them, in our surrogates office, of our province of New York, shall be good and effectual in the law, notwithstanding the neat, true and well reciting of the premises, or of the bounds thereof, or of any forever, or other letters patent or grant, for the same made or granted to any other person or persons, body corporate or politic whatsoever, by us or any of our royal ancestors or predecessors, any law or other restraint, uncertainty or imperfection whatsoever, to the contrary hereof in any ways notwithstanding. 7n ^eiitmojjy whereof we have caused the great seal of our province of New York, to be affixed to these presents, and the same to be entered of record in one of the books of patent in our said secretary's office remaining. Witness our said trusty and well beloved Colonel Peter Schuyler, President of our Council for our province of New York in council, at Fort George in New York, the 38th day of July, in the sixth year of our reign, A.

part thereof, and in fault thereof, or if the said Joseph Budd, John Hought and Daniel Purdy, and the other inhabitants and freeholders of an)' part or parts of the said tract of land and island, or their heirs and assigns or any of, thein, or any other person or persons, by their or any of their privity, consent or procurement, shall set on fire and burn the woods in the same tract of land and island, or any part thereof, to clear the same, that then and in either of these cases, this our present grant, and every article and clause thereof, shall become void, cease and determine any thing in these presents to the contrary thereof, in any way notwithstanding we do hereby will and grant, that these our letters shall be made patent, and that they and the record of them, in our surrogates office, of our province of New York, shall be good and effectual in the law, notwithstanding the neat, true and well reciting of the premises, or of the bounds thereof, or of any forever, or other letters patent or grant, for the same made or granted to any other person or persons, body corporate or politic whatsoever, by us or any of our royal ancestors or predecessors, any law or other restraint, uncertainty or imperfection whatsoever, to the contrary hereof in any ways notwithstanding. 7n ^eiitmojjy whereof we have caused the great seal of our province of New York, to be affixed to these presents, and the same to be entered of record in one of the books of patent in our said secretary's office remaining. Witness our said trusty and well beloved Colonel Peter Schuyler, President of our Council for our province of New York in council, at Fort George in New York, the 38th day of July, in the sixth year of our reign, A.

Witness our said trusty and well beloved Colonel Peter Schuyler, President of our Council for our province of New York in council, at Fort George in New York, the 38th day of July, in the sixth year of our reign, A. D. 1730.*

The Budd or Rye neck patent was subsequently divided among the following proprietors, viz. James Gedney, 102 acres. Daniel Purdy, drummer of Rye, 40 acres. John Carpenter, a portion joining Mamaroneck river. Mr. William Bowness of Rye, 2 acres. That portion called the Gusset to Joseph Ogden. A second of 30 acres to Joseph Lyon. Daniel Purdy, 3 acres. Monmouth Hart, 15 acres. James Wood, 5 acres. Archibald Titford, 18 acres. The residue to John Budd.

25 March, 1745. Peter Jay leased of John Budd 250 acres, and obtained a release for the same the succeeding day.'^

The name of John Roome occurs as lessee for the whole patent, of 1560 acres, the same year.

4 September, 1746. Peter Jay purchased four acres of meadow on Hen Island of Monmouth Hart.c

a Alb. Rec. Book of Patents, Lib. viii. 387, 461, b Co. Rec. Lib. R. 13:2, 133, 128. <: Co, Rec, Lib R. 138.

44 HISTORY OF THE

The partition deed between Sir James Jay, Peter Jay, John Jay and Frederick Jay, sons of Peter deceased, recites " that Peter Jay deceased devised all his real estate to his four sons, and conveyed in severalty to Peter Jay the Rye farm, as conveyed by John Budd to Peter Jay deceased by lease and release of 25th and 26th of March, 1745.=^

R. 13:2, 133, 128. <: Co, Rec, Lib R. 138.

44 HISTORY OF THE

The partition deed between Sir James Jay, Peter Jay, John Jay and Frederick Jay, sons of Peter deceased, recites " that Peter Jay deceased devised all his real estate to his four sons, and conveyed in severalty to Peter Jay the Rye farm, as conveyed by John Budd to Peter Jay deceased by lease and release of 25th and 26th of March, 1745.=^

The Jays have since added to their original grant by other purchases from the families of the Harts, Gedneys, Guions, and Haines, (fcc.

Peter Jay by will bearing dale, 1st September, 1797", devised all his real estate to his brother John Jay, who thereupon became seized of the whole pren)ises in severalty. The Hon. John Jay by a deed, dated 16th September, 1822, conveyed them in fee to the late Peter Augustus, Esq., father of the present proprietor, making the fourth generation that has occupied this spot.

The Guions are also owners of a large portion of the Budd or Rye neck patent.

The village of Rye is pleasantly situated upon the New York and Boston turnpike road one mile and a half north of Long Island Sound, The Mockquams, (Blind brook,) a beautiful perennial stream flows through the place, and adds much to the beauty of the surrounding scenery. It derives its source from the romantic hills north of the village. The principal spring is located on the lands of Edwin Keeler. In its progress south this stream, fed by numerous tributaries, affords excellent mill seats. i*

The village of Rye is pleasantly situated upon the New York and Boston turnpike road one mile and a half north of Long Island Sound, The Mockquams, (Blind brook,) a beautiful perennial stream flows through the place, and adds much to the beauty of the surrounding scenery. It derives its source from the romantic hills north of the village. The principal spring is located on the lands of Edwin Keeler. In its progress south this stream, fed by numerous tributaries, affords excellent mill seats. i*

The first settlements in the town, (as shown by the Indian deed of 1660,) were made on the island Minnewies or Minussing,

» Extracts from deduction of title.

b In the town records occurs the following entr}'. " March 3d, 169fi. Samuel Lane and Joseph Lyon are, or either of them, permitted to build a fulling or grist mill upon Blind brook, above the town, provided they choose their location in three weeks, and build the fulling mill in three years. This mill is supposed to have occupied the site of the present grist and saw mill of Mr, James E. Beers, so that a mill has stood upon this stream for one hundred and forty years at least. The ancient Budd mills were located near the present stone bridge at the entrance of the village. ,

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 45

near the Rye Port harbour. To the Island village its proprietors gave the name oi Hastings. From this place the early settlers issued their famous declaration, dated

This mill is supposed to have occupied the site of the present grist and saw mill of Mr, James E. Beers, so that a mill has stood upon this stream for one hundred and forty years at least. The ancient Budd mills were located near the present stone bridge at the entrance of the village. ,

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 45

near the Rye Port harbour. To the Island village its proprietors gave the name oi Hastings. From this place the early settlers issued their famous declaration, dated

Hastings, July 26, 1062. " Know all men whom this may concern, that we the inhabitants of Minussing island, whose names are underwritten do declare unto all men, we came not hither to live without government as some suppose, an J therefore do proclaime Charles the Second our true Lord and King, and doe voluntary submit ourselves and all our lands that we have bought of the English and Indians under his gracious protection, and do expect according to his gracious declaration unto all his subjects which we are, and desire to be subject to all his wholesome laws that are just and righteous, according to God and our consciences, to receive, whereunto we do subscribe.

The mark of Taylor Johnson. ^ Peter Disbrow,

The mark of Moses. Joim Coe.

Samuel Allin. The mark of Thomas Stedwell.

Tiie mark of Robert Hudsone. William Odell.

John Bmndish.

The mark of Frederick Hermanson. The mark of Tiiomas Applebe."

To this declaration is appended the following agreement and orders, (showing the bounds of the future township of Hastings.)

" Know all men whom this may concern, that we the inhabitants of Minussing island, whose names are underwritten do declare unto all men, we came not hither to live without government as some suppose, an J therefore do proclaime Charles the Second our true Lord and King, and doe voluntary submit ourselves and all our lands that we have bought of the English and Indians under his gracious protection, and do expect according to his gracious declaration unto all his subjects which we are, and desire to be subject to all his wholesome laws that are just and righteous, according to God and our consciences, to receive, whereunto we do subscribe.

The mark of Taylor Johnson. ^ Peter Disbrow,

The mark of Moses. Joim Coe.

Samuel Allin. The mark of Thomas Stedwell.

Tiie mark of Robert Hudsone. William Odell.

John Bmndish.

The mark of Frederick Hermanson. The mark of Tiiomas Applebe."

To this declaration is appended the following agreement and orders, (showing the bounds of the future township of Hastings.)

" We do agree that for our land bought on themayn land, called in the Indian Poningoe, and in English the Biaram land, lying between the aforesaid Biaram river and the Blind brook, bounded east and west with these two rivers, and on the north with Westchester path, and on the south with the sea, for a plantation, and the name of the town to be called Hastings.

And now lastly we have jointly agreed that he that will subscribe to these orders, here is land for him, and he that doth refuse to subscribe hereunto we have no laud for liim."^

" We do agree that for our land bought on themayn land, called in the Indian Poningoe, and in English the Biaram land, lying between the aforesaid Biaram river and the Blind brook, bounded east and west with these two rivers, and on the north with Westchester path, and on the south with the sea, for a plantation, and the name of the town to be called Hastings.

And now lastly we have jointly agreed that he that will subscribe to these orders, here is land for him, and he that doth refuse to subscribe hereunto we have no laud for liim."^

Rve Rec. Lib. A.

46 HISTORY OF THE

Hastings, July 26, 1662. The. planters hands to these orders.

Benjamin Woypen. -^ Rob'3rt Hutson.

John May. " - . John Brondish.

Samuel AUin. Frederick Harminson.

Thomas Aj)plebe.

August 11, 1662. These orders made by the purchasers of the land with our names.

Peter Disbrow, John Coe, Thomas Stedvvell, Wilham Odell.

It was ordered by the General Court of Assembly, holden at Hartford, May 11, 1665,

" That the villages of Hastings and Ri/e shall be for the future conjoined and made one plantation, and that it shall be called by the appellation of Ryc^ and Mr. Gold, Mr. Lawes, and John Banks are appointed to go and settle the differences between the inhabitants of Hastings and Rye, and also see the line between Stamford and Greenwich run."a-

"A. D. 1666. John Budd, Sen., of Rye, for and in consideration of thirty-seven pounds, ten shillings, sells his land, divided by agreement of the men of Hastings now called Rye^ to George Kniffen of Stratford, the house being situated in the town /ortnerly called Hastings, in presence of us, Francis Brown and Daniel Simkins.iJ

Lawes, and John Banks are appointed to go and settle the differences between the inhabitants of Hastings and Rye, and also see the line between Stamford and Greenwich run."a-

"A. D. 1666. John Budd, Sen., of Rye, for and in consideration of thirty-seven pounds, ten shillings, sells his land, divided by agreement of the men of Hastings now called Rye^ to George Kniffen of Stratford, the house being situated in the town /ortnerly called Hastings, in presence of us, Francis Brown and Daniel Simkins.iJ

In the main street of the village stands an ancient stone tavern, at present occupied by Mr. Silvanus van Sicklin. This building was erected in the early days of the settlement, when it served the double purpose of a residence and fortification. The remains of embrasures can yet be traced in its walls. The following order is presumed to relate to this edifice.

March 5th, 1676. Thomas Lyon and Thomas Brown are appointed to choose a house or place to befortijied for the safety of the town. Also the young men who come into the fortification, and remain during the troubles^ are to have an equal proportion

« Hartford Rec. vol. ii. 208.

b Probate Rec. Fairfield Co. from 1665 to 167.5.

« King Philip's war with New England. On the 13th of March, 1676, (eight days

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 47

of the undivided lands, provided they be such as the town approve.^ Upon the 13th of July, 1681, the town authorized John Ogden and George Knilien to purchase a barrel of powder, and three hundred weight of lead of Mr. Budd of Fairfield, or wherever it can be obtained the cheapest. These are to be kept for the use of the town."

« King Philip's war with New England. On the 13th of March, 1676, (eight days

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 47

of the undivided lands, provided they be such as the town approve.^ Upon the 13th of July, 1681, the town authorized John Ogden and George Knilien to purchase a barrel of powder, and three hundred weight of lead of Mr. Budd of Fairfield, or wherever it can be obtained the cheapest. These are to be kept for the use of the town."

At this early period, the Indians were very numerous, and the surrounding country was infested by wolves. On the 15th of December, 1689, a bounty of fifteen shillings was ordered to be raised by a town rate, for the killing of wolves. Whilst under the jurisdiction of Connecticut, the villages of Rye and Haslings sent a deputy to' the general court of that colony. The first individual who held this honorable office, was Mr. John Budd, as appears from the following letter addressed to the members of the court then assembled at Hartford.

Hastings, the 1st month 26, 1663. Much Honored Sirs : --

We heer underwritten, heingseted upon a small tract of land lying betwixt Greenwich and Westchester, which land wee have bought with our money the which wee understand doth lye within your patent, and whereas, you have already required our subjection as his majesties subjects, the which we did willingly and readily embrace, and according to your desiour, we sent a man to Fairfield, who have there taken the oath of a constable, we have now made choys of our nayghbar John Budd for a depute, and sent him up to your Corte to act for us, as hee shall see good, it is our desiour to have some settled way of government amongst us, and therefore, we do crave so much favor at the hands of the Honble Cort, that they do make us a constable or any other officer, that they would give him power to grant a warrant in case of need, because we be somewhat remote from other places, thus leaving it to your well and judicious consideration, we remain yours to command,

We heer underwritten, heingseted upon a small tract of land lying betwixt Greenwich and Westchester, which land wee have bought with our money the which wee understand doth lye within your patent, and whereas, you have already required our subjection as his majesties subjects, the which we did willingly and readily embrace, and according to your desiour, we sent a man to Fairfield, who have there taken the oath of a constable, we have now made choys of our nayghbar John Budd for a depute, and sent him up to your Corte to act for us, as hee shall see good, it is our desiour to have some settled way of government amongst us, and therefore, we do crave so much favor at the hands of the Honble Cort, that they do make us a constable or any other officer, that they would give him power to grant a warrant in case of need, because we be somewhat remote from other places, thus leaving it to your well and judicious consideration, we remain yours to command,

Peter Disbrow, <■ William Odell,

Richard Fowler, • John Brondig,

George Clere, ' John Jackson,

Philip Caspine, , Thomas Stedwell,

John Coe, " . Walter Lancaster,

in the name of the rest.b

after the date of the above order,) the entire town of Groton, consisting of forty houses, was burned by the Indians. See Drake's American Indians.

^ Rye Rec. vol. i. 73.

b Hart Rec. vol. i. no, 66, on towns and lands.

Peter Disbrow, <■ William Odell,

Richard Fowler, • John Brondig,

George Clere, ' John Jackson,

Philip Caspine, , Thomas Stedwell,

John Coe, " . Walter Lancaster,

in the name of the rest.b

after the date of the above order,) the entire town of Groton, consisting of forty houses, was burned by the Indians. See Drake's American Indians.

^ Rye Rec. vol. i. 73.

b Hart Rec. vol. i. no, 66, on towns and lands.

48 HISTORY OF THE

June 2G, 1676, Mr. Joliii Banks occurs as deputy to the general court from Rye.

Upon its annexation to the province of New York, Rye was erected into a market town, and enjoyed the extraordinary privilege of holding and keeping a yearly fair, on the 2d Tuesday in October, to end on the Friday next following", being in all four days.

Courts of special sessions were also held in Rye during the colonial dynasty.

Many handsome villas and country residences adorn the village. The mansion of the late David Brooks, is a beautiful specimen of the old English style, only requiring the proper accessories of trees and shrubbery. The gables are enriched with elaborately carved scroll work, and surmounted by finials. The oriel windows present a light and airy effect. The whole structure is elegantly finished, internally as well as externally. The residences of the late Ebenezer Clark and Mr. Halstead, are beautifully situated upon the margin of Blind brook. Embosomed amid luxuriant trees, south of the former, is the residence of Hachaliah Brown. Esq., whose family has for five generations occupied the estate. The present building was erected, A. D. 1774, upon the site of the old homestead. The Browns were originally from the town of Rye, county of Sussex, England. Hachaliah Brown the more immediate ancestor of the family, having been one of the first planters of this town.

Halstead, are beautifully situated upon the margin of Blind brook. Embosomed amid luxuriant trees, south of the former, is the residence of Hachaliah Brown. Esq., whose family has for five generations occupied the estate. The present building was erected, A. D. 1774, upon the site of the old homestead. The Browns were originally from the town of Rye, county of Sussex, England. Hachaliah Brown the more immediate ancestor of the family, having been one of the first planters of this town. In 1756, Hachaliah Brown of Rye, commanded the Westchester levies, under General Lord Amherst, The adjoining estate belongs to Henry Barker, Esq. ^

North east of the village bordering Purchase street, is the property of the late Josiah Purdy, Esq., now occupied by his son Josiah Purdy. The Purdy family were among the early settlers of Fairfield, Connecticut, Francis Purdy, '"^ the first of the family of whom we have any account, died in 1658, at Fairfield.

» An inventory of tlie estate of Francis Purdy, was taken Oct. 14th, 1586. See Probate Records, Fairfield Co.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 49

His sons, Francis, John^ and Samuel, subsequently removed to Rye.

The old parsonage land is now occupied by Henry Strang, son of the late Daniel Strang, grandson of the worthy Huguenot, Daniel L'Estrange and Mary Hubert his wife, who removed from New Rochelle to this place, in 1697.

The most prominent object upon entering Rye from the west, is the Presbyterian church with its spiie, a neat wooden edifice, erected at the private cost of the late Ebenezer Clark, Esq., and dedicated June the 28th, 1842.^ It occupies the site of the old church erected A. D. 1793.° The latter was dedicated by the Rev. Isaac Lewis, D. D., of Greenwich, Connecticut, who officiated here for some time, in connection with his own charge.

The most prominent object upon entering Rye from the west, is the Presbyterian church with its spiie, a neat wooden edifice, erected at the private cost of the late Ebenezer Clark, Esq., and dedicated June the 28th, 1842.^ It occupies the site of the old church erected A. D. 1793.° The latter was dedicated by the Rev. Isaac Lewis, D. D., of Greenwich, Connecticut, who officiated here for some time, in connection with his own charge. To the Presbyterian church at Rye, is attached the chapel at Port Chester. Service is now regularly held every Sunday morning at Port Chester, and in the afternoon at Rye.

The first Presbyterian church in this town, is said to have been erected upon Pulpit plain, the property of Mr. Billah Theale.

In 1729, the proprietors of the undivided land lying in Rye, between Byram and Blind brook streams, within a certain patent that was granted unto Daniel Purdy, son of John Purdy deceased, Samuel Brown, Benjamin Brown and others, grant unto the Presbijterian Society for ever, one-half acre of land lying on the Plains near unto the house that was the late deceased Thomas Merritt's jun., (fee. In witness whereof, we have hereunto set our hands, the 15th day of May, in the second year of the reign of King George the second, A. D. IT29A Robert Bloomer, Cfiarles Leish, Thomas Brown,

Daniel Purdy, sen., James Roosevelt, Jonathan Brown, Joseph Kniffen, Hachaliah Brown, Thomas Purdy,

a John Purdy was residing at Fairfield, in 1658.

In 1729, the proprietors of the undivided land lying in Rye, between Byram and Blind brook streams, within a certain patent that was granted unto Daniel Purdy, son of John Purdy deceased, Samuel Brown, Benjamin Brown and others, grant unto the Presbijterian Society for ever, one-half acre of land lying on the Plains near unto the house that was the late deceased Thomas Merritt's jun., (fee. In witness whereof, we have hereunto set our hands, the 15th day of May, in the second year of the reign of King George the second, A. D. IT29A Robert Bloomer, Cfiarles Leish, Thomas Brown,

Daniel Purdy, sen., James Roosevelt, Jonathan Brown, Joseph Kniffen, Hachaliah Brown, Thomas Purdy,

a John Purdy was residing at Fairfield, in 1658.

b The cost of this edifice, including certain improvements around the church was $6000.

e The land was the gift of Mr. Jesse Park. i Rye Rec. Lib. C.

Vol. II. ■' ■■ r > ' "

Abram van Wyck, Nalhan Kniffen. Samuel Lane, sen., John Disbrow, Benjamin Brown, John Roosevelt, Joseph Sherwood, George Kniffen,

Joseph Pnrdy, John Carhart,

Andrew Merritt, Timothy Knapp,

Nathaniel Sherwood, Jonathan Haight,

Thomas Howell, Ebenezer Kniffen, Daniel Purdy, John Lyon, jun., James Brown,

Justus Bush, John Coe, Joseph Lyon, Joseph Stedwell.

The first ordained pastor of the Presbyterian Church in Rye, was the Rev. John Smith, who appears to have commenced his labors here cir. 1753. He is said to have been an able and useful minister ; he died February 26th, 1771, aged 08 years. In 1793, the Rev. Isaac Lewis, D. D., officiated here statedly for three month's. His son and successor in the church at Greenwich, continued for a short time after. Subsequently at irregular intervals clergymen visited the church of whom no record remains. On the 4th of March, 1829, this church was regularly organized by a commission of the New York presbytery.

He is said to have been an able and useful minister ; he died February 26th, 1771, aged 08 years. In 1793, the Rev. Isaac Lewis, D. D., officiated here statedly for three month's. His son and successor in the church at Greenwich, continued for a short time after. Subsequently at irregular intervals clergymen visited the church of whom no record remains. On the 4th of March, 1829, this church was regularly organized by a commission of the New York presbytery. Upon the formation of the Bedford presbytery in October, 1829, the relations of this church was transferred to that body, in which connection it has ever since remained. The Rev. Mr. Saxton officiated as stated supply until May 17th, 1827, when the Rev. W. H. Whittemore took charge and continued until April, 1832. In July, 1829, the second church edifice was thoroughly repaired, at a cost of $800. For the successors of the Rev. Mr. Whittemore, see list of pastors.

The Presbyterian Church of Rye was first incorporated on the 5th of June 1795 ; Robert Merritt, EzekielHalstead,jun., Nathan Brown, John Doughty, James Hunt and David Rogers, trustees.a . . . . -

List of Ministers of the Presbyterian Church, at Rye.

Install, or call A. D. 1753,

Ministers, Rev. John Smith,

vacated by death,

Co. Rec. Religious Soc. Lib. A. 50.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

Inst, or call.

Ministers,

Vacated by

A. D. 1793,

Rev. Isaac Lewis,

resig.

1791,

Rev. Isaac Lewis, jr..

do.

1826,

Rev. Mr. Saxton,

do.

The Presbyterian Church of Rye was first incorporated on the 5th of June 1795 ; Robert Merritt, EzekielHalstead,jun., Nathan Brown, John Doughty, James Hunt and David Rogers, trustees.a . . . . -

List of Ministers of the Presbyterian Church, at Rye.

Install, or call A. D. 1753,

Ministers, Rev. John Smith,

vacated by death,

Co. Rec. Religious Soc. Lib. A. 50.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

Inst, or call.

Ministers,

Vacated by

A. D. 1793,

Rev. Isaac Lewis,

resig.

1791,

Rev. Isaac Lewis, jr..

do.

1826,

Rev. Mr. Saxton,

do.

1827,

Rev. W. H. Wliittemore,

do.

April, 1832,

Rev. David Remington,

death.

April, 1834,

Rev. Thomas Payne,

resig.

October, 1836,

Rev. James R. Davenport,

do.

Oct. 9 1838,

Rev. Edward D. Bryan, present

minister.

Church Memoranda. 1836, communicants 20, baptisms 6, 1846, do 88, do 7.

The first religious society of Rye was Congregational, at that time the estabhshed religion of the colony of Connecticut.

" By authority it had been enacted that no person within the colony should embody themselves in church estate without the consent of the general court. The law also prohibited any ministry being attended by the inhabitants, in any plantation distinct and separate from that which was established in the place, except by the approbation of the general court and the neighboring churches.

" One object of these laws was doubtless to prevent Baptists, Episcopalians and others from gaining a foothold.''^-

As early as 1660, says the historian Trumbull, Rye paid taxes for the support of religion, although no church was formed nor pastors ordained.

The law also prohibited any ministry being attended by the inhabitants, in any plantation distinct and separate from that which was established in the place, except by the approbation of the general court and the neighboring churches.

" One object of these laws was doubtless to prevent Baptists, Episcopalians and others from gaining a foothold.''^-

As early as 1660, says the historian Trumbull, Rye paid taxes for the support of religion, although no church was formed nor pastors ordained.

Greenwich and Rye, continues the same authority, were but just come under the jurisdiction of Connecticut, and not in circumstances for the support of ministers ; they had occasional preaching only for a considerable time.''

At a town meeting held in Rye, November, 1670, the town made choice of Joseph Horton, Thomas Brown, and John Brondig, who are to do their endeavor to procure a minister.

It was also agreed for to allow two pence in the pound for the

» Lambert's Hist. N. Haven, p. 183. b TrumbuU'd Hist. Conn. p. 300.

52 ■ ^.^.'^ HISTORY OF THE . ^ '

maintenan>ce of a minister amongst us, that is to say an orthodox ininister.

From the following document it appears that the town had not succeeded in procuring a minister, for May the 11th, 1671, at a court of assembly held at Hartford, Capt. Nathan Gold, Thomas Fitch, Mr. Holly, Lt. Richard Olmstead, and Mr. John Burr, they, or any three of them, are desired to repair to the said Rye, as soon as may be, and to endeavor a comfortable composure and issue of such differences as are among the people there, and to use their endeavors in the procuring of an able and orthodox minister to settle in that place, and if the people of Rye shall not concur with their endeavors in procuring a minister and comfortably setthng of him in the plantation of Rye, then the court doth empower the aforesaid committe to agree with a suitable man for that work in that place, and to agree with him for mayntenance to the value of £40 per annum, which the treasurer, by warrant to the constable of said Rye, shall order for the gathering and payment thereof with the county rate.^

John Burr, they, or any three of them, are desired to repair to the said Rye, as soon as may be, and to endeavor a comfortable composure and issue of such differences as are among the people there, and to use their endeavors in the procuring of an able and orthodox minister to settle in that place, and if the people of Rye shall not concur with their endeavors in procuring a minister and comfortably setthng of him in the plantation of Rye, then the court doth empower the aforesaid committe to agree with a suitable man for that work in that place, and to agree with him for mayntenance to the value of £40 per annum, which the treasurer, by warrant to the constable of said Rye, shall order for the gathering and payment thereof with the county rate.^

October Sth, 1074. The general court again empowers Captain John Allyn, Mr. James Bishop, Major Robert Treat with Mr. Gold, " to endeavor also the obliging and settling of a minister at Rye."b

At a court holden at Hartford, May 17th, 1675, Major Nathan Gold, Major Robert Treat, and Mr. Jehu Burr were nominated and appointed a committee to treat with the inhabitants of Rye and those concerned in lands there, and labor to accommodate matters, as that there may be suitable encouragement for Mr. Prudden to settle in the ministry, and such other suitable inhabitants with him as may promote the settlement of said town of Rye and the ministry therein ; and if they shall find any averseness or dillculfy with the inhabitants or proprietors in so just and necessary publique good of the town, they are empowered to doe what they see meet for the end aforesaid, and make reports to the court in October next, for approbation ; and for the encouragement of the ministry at Rye, tliis court, for this year,

Prudden to settle in the ministry, and such other suitable inhabitants with him as may promote the settlement of said town of Rye and the ministry therein ; and if they shall find any averseness or dillculfy with the inhabitants or proprietors in so just and necessary publique good of the town, they are empowered to doe what they see meet for the end aforesaid, and make reports to the court in October next, for approbation ; and for the encouragement of the ministry at Rye, tliis court, for this year,

Hart. Col. Rpo. vol. iii. 12. ^ jj^,., Cn\. T?f>f. vol. iii. 53.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 53

grants them a penny of the pound upon all the ratable estate of their town, to be payd out of their country rate, and shall be ready as need requires to continue such necessary encouragement as they shall judge suitable. »•

Upon the 27th May, 1675, the town orders that the home lot of Peter Disbrow, adjoining Timothy Knapp, be taken by the town in exchange for the land by the Blind brook, south of .Tacob Bridge's. The above lot to be for Mr. Peter Prudden for a parsonage lot ; if not thus disposed of, this agreement to be void.

February 26, 1676. The town released Peter Disbrow's lot, and cancels the above agreement.

February 26lh, 1677. John Brundige and John Purdy are empowered to sell the frame intended for a parsonage house.

The same year the Rev. Thomas Denhara appears to have been minister here, for, June 15, a house lot is ordered for Mr. Thomas Denham, and on November the 22d, we find the same individual admitted an inhabitant of the town of Rye. June 21 1G78, Mr. Thomas Denham is to have all the grass on the highway at the old town, besides an equal share with the proprietors of Poningoe neck.

John Brundige and John Purdy are empowered to sell the frame intended for a parsonage house.

The same year the Rev. Thomas Denhara appears to have been minister here, for, June 15, a house lot is ordered for Mr. Thomas Denham, and on November the 22d, we find the same individual admitted an inhabitant of the town of Rye. June 21 1G78, Mr. Thomas Denham is to have all the grass on the highway at the old town, besides an equal share with the proprietors of Poningoe neck.

March 5ih, 1679. 50 poles of land lying before his door, toward the brook, are granted to Mr. Thomas Denham, and the ensuing year he is to have all the grass in the highway at the first of the old town lots ; also £30 allowed for his maintenance. The general court of Connecticut, October 14ih, 16S0, ordered that thirty pounds per annum agreed by Rye to be paid to the minister, Mr. Denham, shall be gathered by the constable with the country rate, in the same specie and prices as the country rate, and by him to be paid to the said minister.'' A.D. 16S2, the town confirms the sum of £30 as salary to Mr. Denham, and orders the same to be paid in provisions.

The historian Trumbull informs us that about the year 1688,

the Rev. John Bowers removed from Derby and settled at Rye.<=

April 22d, 1690, Captain Horton, Joseph Theall, and John

Hart. Col. Rec. vol. iii. 59. b Hart. Col. Rec. vol. iii. CiO.

Denham, shall be gathered by the constable with the country rate, in the same specie and prices as the country rate, and by him to be paid to the said minister.'' A.D. 16S2, the town confirms the sum of £30 as salary to Mr. Denham, and orders the same to be paid in provisions.

The historian Trumbull informs us that about the year 1688,

the Rev. John Bowers removed from Derby and settled at Rye.<=

April 22d, 1690, Captain Horton, Joseph Theall, and John

Hart. Col. Rec. vol. iii. 59. b Hart. Col. Rec. vol. iii. CiO.

Trumbull's Hist. Conn. p. 523.

H " HISTORY OF THE ■' ^ .^ . -

Brondig are chosen by the town to procure a minister, and, if possible, a schoohnaster.

27ih June, 1693. Hacaliah Brown, George Lane, and Timothy Knapp were added to the above committee to procure a minister as soon as possible.

February 26th, 1694, it is ordered that the townsman make a rate to defray the expense of repairing the 'parsonage house. 22d July, 1697 ; Captain Theal, Hachaliah Brown, George Lane, and Thomas Merritt are chosen by vote for the procuring of a minister for the town of Rye.

Colonel Caleb Heathcote writing to the secretary of the Propagation Society iu 1705, observes, "that there is no parish in the government but what is able to pay twice as much as they do. For Rye parish, which is not by one-half so large as the least parish established by law in the government here, since my living here, maintained two dissenting ministers, viz. one at Rye and Mamaroneck, and one at Bedford, and gave the former £50, and the latter £40, a year."a

Colonel Caleb Heathcote writing to the secretary of the Propagation Society iu 1705, observes, "that there is no parish in the government but what is able to pay twice as much as they do. For Rye parish, which is not by one-half so large as the least parish established by law in the government here, since my living here, maintained two dissenting ministers, viz. one at Rye and Mamaroneck, and one at Bedford, and gave the former £50, and the latter £40, a year."a

A LIST OF MlXISTEllS OF THE CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH, RYE.

Instal or call. Ministers.

16S1. Rev. Peter Prudden.

1677. - Rev. Tliomas Denham.

cir. 1684. Rev. John Woodbridge.

1688. Rev. John Bowers.

Christ Church, Rye, is agreeably situated upon rising ground, overlooking the village and vale of Blind brook.

The building itself is a plain edifice of wood, surmounted with an embattled tower, and a small vestry-room attached to the rear.

See Scarsdaie, for Ileathcote's letter.

COUNTY OF \YESTCIIESTER.

Chrisl Church, Eye.

Its interior consists of the nave, two aisles, gallery and chancel. On the north side of the latter there is a neat monumental tablet, erected

In memory of ' '

W I L L I A M T H 0 M P S 0 N, . • ' . ^

Rector . ' ' >/■

of Christ Church at Rye, . ,

A native of Enniskillen, ' "v-

Ireland. •'•'■-

Ordained April, 1820, Appointed to the charge of this Parish, September, 1823, Died August 26, 1830. "Mark the perfect man, and behold the upright, for the end of that man is peace." -- Psalm xxxvii. v. 37. Erected by his affectionate Widow.

W I L L I A M T H 0 M P S 0 N, . • ' . ^

Rector . ' ' >/■

of Christ Church at Rye, . ,

A native of Enniskillen, ' "v-

Ireland. •'•'■-

Ordained April, 1820, Appointed to the charge of this Parish, September, 1823, Died August 26, 1830. "Mark the perfect man, and behold the upright, for the end of that man is peace." -- Psalm xxxvii. v. 37. Erected by his affectionate Widow.

His remains are interred in the village cemetery. Beneath the floor of the church lie pillowed in the darkness of the grave several of the early rectors.

The present building was erected at a cost of $5500, in the year 1788, upon the site of the old stone edifice called Grace church.

It was designed at first to have erected a steeple in place of the present tower, as appears by an act of the vestry, dated Sept. 17, 1791.

" Wherein it was ordered to remove the work projected for a steeple on the top of the roof, at the west end."

Belonging to this church is a silver paten and chalice presented by her Majesty Queen Anne, A. D. 1706.

These articles have been used in tiie administration of the holy sacrament nearly one century and a half The royal donation originally consisted, (together with the above,) of a large church bible, common prayer book, book of homilies, cloth for the pulpit, and a communion table.

" Wherein it was ordered to remove the work projected for a steeple on the top of the roof, at the west end."

Belonging to this church is a silver paten and chalice presented by her Majesty Queen Anne, A. D. 1706.

These articles have been used in tiie administration of the holy sacrament nearly one century and a half The royal donation originally consisted, (together with the above,) of a large church bible, common prayer book, book of homilies, cloth for the pulpit, and a communion table.

Upon two copper alms bowls are inscribed, " Presented to Christ Church at Rye. by James Meadows, 1769,"

Besides a fine toned bell the church contains a neat organ.

The first notice of this parish occurs in the two acts passed by the Assembly of New York in 1693 and 1697.

The first entitled " An act for settling a ministry and raising a maintenance for them in the city of New York, and counties of Richmond, Westchester, and Q,ueeus."

The second ordered, "That there shall be called, inducted and established a good sufficient Protestant minister to ofiiciatc and have the cure of souls within one year next ensuing, and after the publication hereof. In the county of Westchester two ; one to have the cure of souls within Westchester, &c. ; the other to have the cure of Rye, Mamaroneck and Bedford."'^

Queen's paten and chalice.

Acts of Assembly, Pro. of N. Y. 1691 to 1725, p. 23.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 57

The second ordered, "That there shall be called, inducted and established a good sufficient Protestant minister to ofiiciatc and have the cure of souls within one year next ensuing, and after the publication hereof. In the county of Westchester two ; one to have the cure of souls within Westchester, &c. ; the other to have the cure of Rye, Mamaroneck and Bedford."'^

Queen's paten and chalice.

Acts of Assembly, Pro. of N. Y. 1691 to 1725, p. 23.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 57

Pursuant to these acts of Assembly a town meeting was held, February 28, 1695, by virtue of a warrant granted by Justice Theal, when George Lane and John Brondig were elected churchwardens, and Jonathan Hart, Joseph Horton, Joseph Purdy, Timothy Knapp, Hachaliah Brown, Thomas Merritt, Deliverance Brown and Isaac Denham; vestrymen, the two last being chosen for Bedford.

The whole number of the appropriated precincts, belonging to the parish of Rye in 1725, were as follow ; Bedford, Scarsdale, Mamaroneck and North Castle, to which were subsequently added White Plains and Harrison.

For collecting the minister's maintenance, writs of mandamus were issued to the justices and vestries, empowering them to make a rate for raising the rector's tax.

The following are specimens of the original taxation rolls of this benefice in 1725.

Bedford, £16 2 0. Mamaroneck, £ IS 0 0. Scarsdale, £5 3 0. North Castle, £2 9 0. Total with Rye, £67 18 0.

The first inducted rector of the parish was the Rev. Thomas Pritchard. In a summary account of the state of the church in the Province of New York, as it was laid before the clergy, convened October 5th, 1704, at New York, &c., it was stated, that '' ai Rye, of which the Rev. Thomas Pritchard is rector, there is no church, but the minister preaches in the town house ; the parish is divided into three districts, viz.

The first inducted rector of the parish was the Rev. Thomas Pritchard. In a summary account of the state of the church in the Province of New York, as it was laid before the clergy, convened October 5th, 1704, at New York, &c., it was stated, that '' ai Rye, of which the Rev. Thomas Pritchard is rector, there is no church, but the minister preaches in the town house ; the parish is divided into three districts, viz. Rye, Bedford and Mamaroneck.

" There is a salary of £50 per annum, established by act of Assembly; the number of communicants are considerably increased, since the first celebration of the sacraments, (fec."^

In a letter addressed to the Propagation Society, dated Rye, November 1st, 1704, Mr. Pritchard proposes to that body the Rev. Mr. Stewart then missionary at Bedford, as a most suitable person to fill the vacant parish of Hempstead, Long Island.

The Rev. Thomas Pritchard married Anna Stuyvesant, daughter of Nicholas William, and grand-daughter of the illus-

'^ Church Rec. Vol. i. No. 16. Francis L. Hawks, D. D., editor.

Vol. II. 8

58 ' HISTORY OF THE

trious Peter Stuyvesant.!^ Mr. Pritchard appears to have been inducted in 1702. He died A. D. 1706.

His successor was the Rev. George Muirson. Of this gentleman the Rev, Mr. Evans thus writes in a letter to the Bishop of London, under date of October 17ih, 1704. "This comes by the hands of the ingenious Mr. George Muirson to receive holyorders from your Lordship, by the approbation of liis Excellency my Lord Cornbury. I find that he is very well beloved and esteemed by all sorts of people, a man ef a very sober and blameless conversation. He seems to be indued with great humility of mind, and has the character of being very prudent in his conduet.

Evans thus writes in a letter to the Bishop of London, under date of October 17ih, 1704. "This comes by the hands of the ingenious Mr. George Muirson to receive holyorders from your Lordship, by the approbation of liis Excellency my Lord Cornbury. I find that he is very well beloved and esteemed by all sorts of people, a man ef a very sober and blameless conversation. He seems to be indued with great humility of mind, and has the character of being very prudent in his conduet. I give him this recommendation not to gratify himself, nor any body else, but because 1 sincerely believe he may be very instrumental of doing much good in the church."!^

Mr. Muirson having been ordained, was appointed to the mission of Rye. In his first report to the Society he states " that he had a very great congregation every Sunday and that those were his hearers who never were in a Church of England congregation before. Though the people were of almost all persuasions, he had admitted into the church, by baptism, eighty persons young and old ; hundreds however in the parish remain unbaptized.*=

He further remarks to the Society, " I have lately been in the Government of Connecticut, where I observe some people well aiFecied to the church, for those that are near come to ray parish on Sabbath days ; so that I am assured an itinerant missionary might do great service in that province. Some of their ministers have privately told me that had we a bishop among us, they would conform and receive holy orders, from which as well as on all the continent, the necessity of a bishop will plainly appear."'!

He further remarks to the Society, " I have lately been in the Government of Connecticut, where I observe some people well aiFecied to the church, for those that are near come to ray parish on Sabbath days ; so that I am assured an itinerant missionary might do great service in that province. Some of their ministers have privately told me that had we a bishop among us, they would conform and receive holy orders, from which as well as on all the continent, the necessity of a bishop will plainly appear."'!

"In these visits and in every effort for the good of the church, Mr. Muirson was heartily supported by Colonel Caleb Heathcote,

» Rep. of Propagation Soc.

b N. Y. Hist. Collections, New Series, vol. i. 455.

e Hawkins' Hist. Not. of Col. Church, vol. ii. MS. letters, No. 34.

d Hawkins' Hist. Not. of Col. Church, p. 277.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 59

who also wrote to the Society on the subject, confirming the account of the opposition which the missionary had encountered, and stating thai the justices had forbidden him to preach, and even threatened to put him and all his hearers in jail.

Of his own parish, Mr. Muirs-on reports, " I have baptized about two hundred yomig and old, but most adult persons, and am in hopes of initiating many more into the church, after I have examined, taught, and find them qualified. This is a large parish ; the towns are far distant ; the people were some duakers, some Anabaptists, but chiefly Presbyterians and Independents: they were violently set against our church, but now (blessed be God !) they comply heartily, for I have now above forty communicants, and had only six when I first administered that holy sacrament. I find that catechising on the wjek days in the remote towns, and frequent visiting is of great service, and I am sure that I have made twice more proselytes by proceeding after that method than by public preaching. «=

This is a large parish ; the towns are far distant ; the people were some duakers, some Anabaptists, but chiefly Presbyterians and Independents: they were violently set against our church, but now (blessed be God !) they comply heartily, for I have now above forty communicants, and had only six when I first administered that holy sacrament. I find that catechising on the wjek days in the remote towns, and frequent visiting is of great service, and I am sure that I have made twice more proselytes by proceeding after that method than by public preaching. «=

Mr. Muirson, besides his salary of £50 from the Society, wa;S entitled to £50 currency, as settled by act of Assembly on Rye parish ; but as his people were poor and for the most part recent converts, he considerately forbore to press his legal claim, and during the first two years of his ministry, had only received about ten or twelve pounds currency ; thus plainly showing he sought not theirs but them.

"The following account of the Indians, written in the year 170S, will be thought interesting. As to the Indians, the natives of the country, they are a decaying people^ We have not now in all the parish twenty families, whereas not many years ago there were several hundreds. I have frequently conversed with some of them, and been at their great meetings of " pawawing," as they call it. 1 have taken some pains to teach some of them, but to no purpose, for they seem regardless of instruction, and when I have told them of the evil consequences of their hard drinking, &c., they replied that Englishmen do the same, and

As to the Indians, the natives of the country, they are a decaying people^ We have not now in all the parish twenty families, whereas not many years ago there were several hundreds. I have frequently conversed with some of them, and been at their great meetings of " pawawing," as they call it. 1 have taken some pains to teach some of them, but to no purpose, for they seem regardless of instruction, and when I have told them of the evil consequences of their hard drinking, &c., they replied that Englishmen do the same, and

» Hawkins' Hist. Not. of CoL Church, j). 279.

60 HISTORY OF THE

that it is not so great a sin in an Indian as in an Englishman, because the Englisliman's religion forbids it, but an Indian's does not. They further say they will not be Christians, nor do they see the necessity for so being, because we do not live according to the precepts of our holy religion. In such ways do most of the Indians that I have conversed with, either here or elsewhere, express themselves. I am heartily sorry that we should give them such a bad example, and fill their mouths with such objections to our blessed religion."

"He mentions in this letter that they had completed the house of God at Rye, by the subscription of the inhabitants ; a stately structure indeed."

'* Mr. Muirson, after a short but a most useful service in the ministry of the church, died in October, 1708, much lamented by his friends, and missed by his parishioners."^

I am heartily sorry that we should give them such a bad example, and fill their mouths with such objections to our blessed religion."

"He mentions in this letter that they had completed the house of God at Rye, by the subscription of the inhabitants ; a stately structure indeed."

'* Mr. Muirson, after a short but a most useful service in the ministry of the church, died in October, 1708, much lamented by his friends, and missed by his parishioners."^

The last will of George Muirson, clerk, bears date September, ITOS. By his wife Gloriana, daughter of the Hon. Colonel William Smith,'' he left one son, George Muirson, M. D.,c of Setaukett, L. I., the father of Heathcote Muirson. The latter was a graduate of Yale College in 1776, and died from wounds received in the attack upon Lloyd's neck. Long Island, July, 1781.

Mr. Muirson was succeeded in January, 1709, by the Rev. Christopher Bridges.

'■ Upon the 9th of January, 1710, at a meeting of the parishioners, at the parish church in Rye, the following churchwardens and vestrymen were elected for tlie year ensuing.

Churdnvardens.

Capt. Joseph Theale, Capt. Jonathan Hart,

Cornelius Seely.

» Hist. Not. of the Ch. of England in the N. A. Colonies, 281.

b The Hon. William Smith was chief justice and president of the Council of the Province of New York.

« Anna, the eldest daughter of Dr. George Muirson, married Cyrus Punderson, D. D. Their descendants are still residing upon Long Island. Mary the youngest married William Wickham Wills,

'■ Upon the 9th of January, 1710, at a meeting of the parishioners, at the parish church in Rye, the following churchwardens and vestrymen were elected for tlie year ensuing.

Churdnvardens.

Capt. Joseph Theale, Capt. Jonathan Hart,

Cornelius Seely.

» Hist. Not. of the Ch. of England in the N. A. Colonies, 281.

b The Hon. William Smith was chief justice and president of the Council of the Province of New York.

« Anna, the eldest daughter of Dr. George Muirson, married Cyrus Punderson, D. D. Their descendants are still residing upon Long Island. Mary the youngest married William Wickham Wills,

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. - ' 61

Vestrymen. Andrew Coe, George Lane, Jun.

John Merritt, Sen. Joseph Lyon,

Daniel Purdy, George KnilTen,

Thomas Pnrdy, John Disbrow, Mamaroneck.

Thomas Merritt, Jnn. John Miller, Bedford.

At a meeting of the vestry, held on the 29th of July, 1712, the Rev. Mr. Bridges presented the following communication from his Excellency Robert Hunter :

" You are to give order forthwith, (if the same be not already done) that every orthodox minister within your government be one of the vestry in his respective parish, and that no vestry be held without him, except in case of sickness, or that after notice of vestry summoned he omit to come."

Rev. Sir, the above copy of Her Majesty's instructions to me, I have thought fit to direct to the several ministers within this Province, that their respective vestries may regulate themselves accordingly, and if there be any practice contrary thereunto, I desire you may duly inform me, that effectual care may be taken therein.

" You are to give order forthwith, (if the same be not already done) that every orthodox minister within your government be one of the vestry in his respective parish, and that no vestry be held without him, except in case of sickness, or that after notice of vestry summoned he omit to come."

Rev. Sir, the above copy of Her Majesty's instructions to me, I have thought fit to direct to the several ministers within this Province, that their respective vestries may regulate themselves accordingly, and if there be any practice contrary thereunto, I desire you may duly inform me, that effectual care may be taken therein.

I remain Reverend Sir,

Your assured Friend and Servant,

Robert Hunter."-

In 1712, " one hundred nnd fifiy prayer books and five pounds worth of tracts, were voted to Mr. Bridges of Rye. He was also allowed for the services of two school-masters in the parish, £5 per annum each, on a certificate, that they have taught thirty children the bible, the catechism and the use of the liturgy."''

In 1715, "Mr. Bridges at Rye had reduced many who were brought up in a very dissolute way of living and total neglect of public worship, to a more sober conversation and a constant attendance on the worship of God, using his utmost endeavors to put a stop to many disorderly practices.''^

Church Roc. b Reports of Propagation Soc,

Reports of Propagation Soc.

€2 HISTORY OF THE

The same year the Propagation Society ''presented to Mr. Huddlestone, schoolmaster in Rye, £5 additional salary and to Mr. Bridges some coaimon prayer books and devotional tracts, of which tiie people were very desirous before he wrote, and heartily thankful for them since. To these donations the Society added two dozen prayer books, with the old version of the singing, and as many of Lewis's church catechism for exercise in his school, or in mornings of the Lord's days, (when not only his own scholars, but several of the young people of the town of both sexes come willingly to be informed,) one dozen bibles with (he common prayer, and the new version of psalms, twenty-five psalters and fifty-one primers, all which he requested as contributing mightily to the spreading the good work he has in hand, having taught besides British children, six hundred Dutch and French to read and write English."'"'

To these donations the Society added two dozen prayer books, with the old version of the singing, and as many of Lewis's church catechism for exercise in his school, or in mornings of the Lord's days, (when not only his own scholars, but several of the young people of the town of both sexes come willingly to be informed,) one dozen bibles with (he common prayer, and the new version of psalms, twenty-five psalters and fifty-one primers, all which he requested as contributing mightily to the spreading the good work he has in hand, having taught besides British children, six hundred Dutch and French to read and write English."'"'

The Rev. Christopher Bridges died on the 22d of May, 1719, having been ten years minister of this church.

A. D. 1720, "The Rev. Mr, Barclay formerly missionary to Albany was missionary of Rye with a salary of £50," The same year the Society "gave Mr. Barclay £10 in consideration of the hard circumstances he lies nnder.''^

In 1721, the Rev. Thomas Poyer officiated here.^

Upon the 4th of June, 1722, the churchwardens and vestrymen addressed the following letter to the venerable Propagation Society :

" We the churchwardens and vestrymen of ye parish of Rye, in ye province of New York, in America, having taken ye liberty soon after ye death of our late incumbent, the Rev. Mr, Christopher Bridges, humbly to pray that your honours would continue your usual bounty to our poor church, and supply us in our destitute condition with a Church of England minister in ye room of our late incumbent, do take this opportunity to return your honours our hearty thanks, as well for the constant supply which by your honours' favorable recommendation we had from the clergy of this province, as for your resolution,

" We the churchwardens and vestrymen of ye parish of Rye, in ye province of New York, in America, having taken ye liberty soon after ye death of our late incumbent, the Rev. Mr, Christopher Bridges, humbly to pray that your honours would continue your usual bounty to our poor church, and supply us in our destitute condition with a Church of England minister in ye room of our late incumbent, do take this opportunity to return your honours our hearty thanks, as well for the constant supply which by your honours' favorable recommendation we had from the clergy of this province, as for your resolution,

» Reports of Propagation Soc. b Reports of Propagation Soc.

<^ The Propagation Society voted £50 to the clergy of New York for supplying the church at Rye, vacant by the death of the Rev. Mr. Bridges.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER, v, 63

appearing in print, to supply us with a minister to reside among us, as soon as one whom your honours can approve of shall offer. We have been, to our great detriment, destitute about three years, and now having the opportunity of one whom we are universally pleased with, ye Rev. Mr. Robert Jenney, chaplain of the forces of this province, who is willing to relinquish his place in the forces to settle amongst us and become our minister, provided he can have your honours' favor and bounty for his encouragement. We have taken ye liberty lo give him a call, as ye act of assembly of this province empowers us, (which is enclosed to your honours,) humbly praying for your approbation, of what we have done, and that you will please lo grant unto him as our minister, ye favour and bounty, being a person whose conversation, preaching, and diligence in his holy function we are well acquainted and satisfied with.

Robert Jenney, chaplain of the forces of this province, who is willing to relinquish his place in the forces to settle amongst us and become our minister, provided he can have your honours' favor and bounty for his encouragement. We have taken ye liberty lo give him a call, as ye act of assembly of this province empowers us, (which is enclosed to your honours,) humbly praying for your approbation, of what we have done, and that you will please lo grant unto him as our minister, ye favour and bounty, being a person whose conversation, preaching, and diligence in his holy function we are well acquainted and satisfied with. We are confident that his residence amongst us will effectually reconcile all our differences, and heal all our breaches, occasioned by our being so long in want of a faithful and prudent pastor to guide and instruct us. That God Almighty will prosper your honours' pious and charitable endeavours for the service of his church in this wilderness, and that he will grant unto every one of you the choisest of his blessings, temporal and eternal, is the hearty prayer of

May it please your honours, your honours' most dutiful and most obedient humble servants. Signed by order,

John Carhart, Clerk.*

The Rev. Robert Jenney, minister of Rye, writing to the Propagation Society in 1723, observes, "that he has several other townships under his charge, and that since his admission in 1722, he has baptized ten adults and fifty children ; number of conmiunicants twenty-six."'' In 1724 Mr. Jenney reported "the baptism of two adults and several children ; communicants twenty-eight. c A. D. 1725,<i the quotas of the various districts stood thus:

John Carhart, Clerk.*

The Rev. Robert Jenney, minister of Rye, writing to the Propagation Society in 1723, observes, "that he has several other townships under his charge, and that since his admission in 1722, he has baptized ten adults and fifty children ; number of conmiunicants twenty-six."'' In 1724 Mr. Jenney reported "the baptism of two adults and several children ; communicants twenty-eight. c A. D. 1725,<i the quotas of the various districts stood thus:

Rye, £34 4 0 Bedford £16 2 0

Mamaroneck 18 0 0 Scarsdale 5 3 0

North Castle £2 9 0 Mr. Jenney was removed by the Society to Hempstead, Long

a Church Rec. b Rep. of Propagation Sec. c Ibid.

d At a vestry meeting held in Rye, January I8th, 1725, " it was voted that niO« ney be raised to purchase a drum for the church."

€4/ ; HISTORY OF THE

Island in 1726. The vacancy created by the removal, the Society proceeded immediately to fill by appointing the Rev. Mr. Colgan. Upon which we find the vestry addressing the secretary of the society as follows :

" Rev. Sir : We, the churchwardens and vestry of the parish of Rye, return our humble thanks to ye honorable Society for their pious and charitable care of this parish in providing so speedily to fill this vacancy by appointing ye Rev. Mr. Colgan for us. We conclude they have before this time been acquainted by our letters how far we had proceeded to obtain a minister, fearing the ill consequences of being left destitute ; and we hope ye honorable Society will put a favorable construction upon our proceedings, though we have given our call to the Rev. Mr. Wetmore, and he received induction immediately upon it, yet he always declared that he should submit to ye resolutions of the honorable Society, and not in any degree interfere with their determination, and though we find ye inclinations of ye people very much to have Mr.

We conclude they have before this time been acquainted by our letters how far we had proceeded to obtain a minister, fearing the ill consequences of being left destitute ; and we hope ye honorable Society will put a favorable construction upon our proceedings, though we have given our call to the Rev. Mr. Wetmore, and he received induction immediately upon it, yet he always declared that he should submit to ye resolutions of the honorable Society, and not in any degree interfere with their determination, and though we find ye inclinations of ye people very much to have Mr. Wetmore appointed for us; on which account we can't but desire that ye honorable .Society would be pleased to favor it ; yet we shall always pay ye greatest defference to their pleasure, and if they finally determine that Mr. Colgan shall be for us, against whom we have no exceptions, as, being a stranger to us, we shall give him the best welcome we are capable of, but inasmuch as ye Rev. Mr. Colgan is willing, by exchange with Mr. Wetmore, to continue at New York, and that vestry has signified their approbation, we heartily join •with them in requesting of ye honorable .Society that they would confirm that agreement, and give liberty for Mr. Wetmore to come to this parish, who, by bemg born in the county and acquainted with the dispositions and customs of ye people here, will be acceptable to us, and we hope do much service for religion. But all this with submission to that venerable body, whose pleasure we shall most cheerfully submit to ; and we pray ye continuance of their favour and charity to us, and that God would prosper their pious designs.

Wetmore to come to this parish, who, by bemg born in the county and acquainted with the dispositions and customs of ye people here, will be acceptable to us, and we hope do much service for religion. But all this with submission to that venerable body, whose pleasure we shall most cheerfully submit to ; and we pray ye continuance of their favour and charity to us, and that God would prosper their pious designs.

We are, reverend sir, the Hon'ble Society's, and your most humble and obedient servants. Signed by order. ^

John Carhart, Clerk. To the Rev. Mr. David Humphreys,

Secretary to ye Hon'ble Society for Propagating ye Gospel, &c., at ye Archbishop's Library at St. Martins in ye Fields, London."

In accordance with this reqnest the society were pleased to confirm the appointment of Mr. Wetmore.

Church Rec.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 65

We take the subjoined extract from a letter sent to the secretary of the society, in 172G-7.

"And now we are once more peaceably settled, we hope by the blessing of God to see religion revive among ns, which by contentions and divisions is sunk to a very low ebb. As the Rev. Mr. Wetmore has been born in the county, and long known among us, wlio has had his conversation becoming his sacred character and profession, we doubt not but ye people of this parish will continue their affection to him, and hope to see this good fruit of it, viz: that they be brought to a proper sense of religion, and more general and constant attendance, in ye public worship and sacraments which for a long time have been very much neglected among us ; we earnestly pray for the blessing of almighty God upon that venerable society whose extensive charity (under God,) finds food for so many souls famishing in ignorance and error, and shall always look upon ourselves strictly bound to pay it, the greatest honor and most cheerful obedience to all their commands and directions, and beg leave to subscribe wilhall dutiful respects.

Wetmore has been born in the county, and long known among us, wlio has had his conversation becoming his sacred character and profession, we doubt not but ye people of this parish will continue their affection to him, and hope to see this good fruit of it, viz: that they be brought to a proper sense of religion, and more general and constant attendance, in ye public worship and sacraments which for a long time have been very much neglected among us ; we earnestly pray for the blessing of almighty God upon that venerable society whose extensive charity (under God,) finds food for so many souls famishing in ignorance and error, and shall always look upon ourselves strictly bound to pay it, the greatest honor and most cheerful obedience to all their commands and directions, and beg leave to subscribe wilhall dutiful respects.

Rev'd. Sir, your and ye Honorable Society's most

humble and obedient servants. Signed by order of the vestry,''^ John Carhart, clerk.

The Rev. James Wetmore, writes A. D. 1728, that his congregation is considerably increased, he has added nine new communicants and baptized nineteen. In 1729 he acquaints the society " that he meets with good success in his mission, that his numbers increase, and that several of the independents have quitted that persuasion and very regularly attend divine service at his church."!' July 1st, 1738, he says "I have baptized the last half year five adults besides several children. About fifty families in the adjoining parish have requested assistance. Mr. Purdy,"^ (schoolmaster at Rye,) "teaches twenty-one children of church

In 1729 he acquaints the society " that he meets with good success in his mission, that his numbers increase, and that several of the independents have quitted that persuasion and very regularly attend divine service at his church."!' July 1st, 1738, he says "I have baptized the last half year five adults besides several children. About fifty families in the adjoining parish have requested assistance. Mr. Purdy,"^ (schoolmaster at Rye,) "teaches twenty-one children of church

a Church Rec. b Propagation Soc. Rep.

' Mr. Purdy died in 1753, and was buried on Ash Wednesday. Kep. of Fropaga= tion Soc.

Vol. 11. 9

66 HISTORY OF THE

parents and fourteen dissenters, as likewise two Dutch, two Jewish and one colored child, in all forty-one. Mr. Dwight of White Plains, six n:iiles from Rye, teaches twenty-seven children, in all forty-six."

" And adds, July 15, 1740, that besides his regular duty at Rye, he officiates once a month at Stamford and Greenwich. He had also spent some days last winter in visiting sundry families in the woods. Since the 3d day of May, 1739, he had baptized one hundred and eleven children, and twenty-seven adults ; his communicants number fifty."*

Under date of September 2Sth, 1741, he observes " that by God's help the church maintains her ground notwithstanding the efforts of the sectaries in new melhodism. He had baptized within a year sixty-nine children and six adults, &c."''

In 1745 Mr. Wetmore writes " that he is fully occupied in performing duty at Rye, Scarsdale and the White Plains, and begs for an assistant to officiate under him. At Bedford and North Castle there are four hundred families, &c."c

Under date of September 2Sth, 1741, he observes " that by God's help the church maintains her ground notwithstanding the efforts of the sectaries in new melhodism. He had baptized within a year sixty-nine children and six adults, &c."''

In 1745 Mr. Wetmore writes " that he is fully occupied in performing duty at Rye, Scarsdale and the White Plains, and begs for an assistant to officiate under him. At Bedford and North Castle there are four hundred families, &c."c

The same year Mr. Joseph Lamson was appointed assistant to Mr. Wetmore with a salary of £20 ; a gratuity of £20 was also made by the society, "out of compassion to Mr. liamson's sufferings and necessities, who was taken prisoner, shipped and carried into France on his voyage towards England, and afterwards on his way from Port Louis in France, to London, was detained seven months by a fever at Salisbury. Mr. Lamson undertook the voyage to England for the purpose of obtaining Episcopal ordination. fi In his first reports dated May 12th, 1746, Mr. Lamson writes '• that he officiates by turns at Bedford and North

» Reports of Propagation Soc.

b Reports of Propagation Soc.

<= Reports of Propagation Soc.

d Some idea (says the Rev. M. H. Henderson,) of tlie great disadvantages unde? which tlie church labored during our colonial existence, may be formed from the fact, that beside the great e.\pense of the voyage, (JCIOO,) an expense which candidates for holy orders could ill afford to bear, nearly one-fifth of all that went to England for ordination died, cither from small-pox, or the dangers of the deep. •' The number who had gone to England for ordination from the northern colonies, up to 1767, was 52 : of these 42 only returned safely. Henderson's Centennial Discourse.

Henderson,) of tlie great disadvantages unde? which tlie church labored during our colonial existence, may be formed from the fact, that beside the great e.\pense of the voyage, (JCIOO,) an expense which candidates for holy orders could ill afford to bear, nearly one-fifth of all that went to England for ordination died, cither from small-pox, or the dangers of the deep. •' The number who had gone to England for ordination from the northern colonies, up to 1767, was 52 : of these 42 only returned safely. Henderson's Centennial Discourse.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 67

Castle to fall congregations and had then baptized eleven children and three adults."^ At a vestry meeting of this parish held at Mr. Benjamin Brown's, sen., in Rye, .January 16lh 1749, the Rev. James Wetmore delivered the following letter, from the Rev. Philip Bearcroft, D. D., secretary to the Honorable Propagation Society.

London, Charier House, June 27, 1749. Gents : --

It is with much concern that the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts are informed that your cJuircIi and the parsonage house are very much out of repair, and that even the possession of the glebe is disputed against your very worthy pastor Mr. Wetmore, whose great pains and abilities in the cause of God's church, cannot but recommend him to every worthy member of it. Therefore the Society hope and expect that upon due consideration you will give orders for the full repair of the church and the parsonage house, and defend Mr. Wetmore in the maintenance of all his just rights, as you desire his longer continuance among you,

It is with much concern that the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts are informed that your cJuircIi and the parsonage house are very much out of repair, and that even the possession of the glebe is disputed against your very worthy pastor Mr. Wetmore, whose great pains and abilities in the cause of God's church, cannot but recommend him to every worthy member of it. Therefore the Society hope and expect that upon due consideration you will give orders for the full repair of the church and the parsonage house, and defend Mr. Wetmore in the maintenance of all his just rights, as you desire his longer continuance among you,

I am, Gentlemen, •

Your very humble servant,

Peiilip Bearcroft, Secretary. To the Churchwardens and Vestry of the Church of Rye, New York,

Mr. Wetmore, in his report of 1751, mentions " that the church had lately been repaired and is made neat and beautiful."

In a letter of April 7th, 1759, Mr. Wetmore acquaints the Society " that a very worthy person, a native of England, i' but now being in New York had put into his hands £600 currency, of which he reserves to himself the interest during life, and hath left by his will £400 more to be added after his death, to purchase a convenient glebe, and other liberal legacies.''^

Rep. of Propagation Soc.

St. George Talbot, Esq., see vol. i. 95.

Reports of Propagation Soc

-6g' HISTORY OF THE

The Rev. James Wetmore died on the 15th of May, 1760, J*- having been nearly thirty-four years minister of this church. His remains repose in the old parish burial ground, on the north-west side of Blind brook. A plain monumental tablet marks the spot and bears the following inscription.

Wetmore acquaints the Society " that a very worthy person, a native of England, i' but now being in New York had put into his hands £600 currency, of which he reserves to himself the interest during life, and hath left by his will £400 more to be added after his death, to purchase a convenient glebe, and other liberal legacies.''^

Rep. of Propagation Soc.

St. George Talbot, Esq., see vol. i. 95.

Reports of Propagation Soc

-6g' HISTORY OF THE

The Rev. James Wetmore died on the 15th of May, 1760, J*- having been nearly thirty-four years minister of this church. His remains repose in the old parish burial ground, on the north-west side of Blind brook. A plain monumental tablet marks the spot and bears the following inscription.

. _ Sacred to the memory

of the

- R E V, .1 A M E S W E T M O R E,

The late, worthy, learned and faithful

Minister of the Parish of Rye,

for above thirty years, who having

strenuously defended the Church

with his pen, and adorned it by his life

^' and doctrine, at length being seized

■ " <- of the small pox, departed this

life. May 15, 1760. JEtatis, 65.

Cujus memoria3 sit in

Benedictione sempiterna.

Mr. Wetmore left issue two sons, Timothy, afterwards attorney general of the province of New Brunswick, and James, of Rye; descendants of the latter are still living in the town. Also four daughters, Alethea, wife of the Rev. Joseph Lamson, Anna, wife of Gilbert Brundage, Charity, wife of Josiah Purdy, from whom descend the Purdys of Rye, and Esther who married first David Brown, and secondly Jesse Hunt, Esq. high sheriff of this county in 1780.

Wetmore left issue two sons, Timothy, afterwards attorney general of the province of New Brunswick, and James, of Rye; descendants of the latter are still living in the town. Also four daughters, Alethea, wife of the Rev. Joseph Lamson, Anna, wife of Gilbert Brundage, Charity, wife of Josiah Purdy, from whom descend the Purdys of Rye, and Esther who married first David Brown, and secondly Jesse Hunt, Esq. high sheriff of this county in 1780.

In a letter of May 6th, 1761, Mr. Timothy Wetmore complains to the Society, " that since the death of his father they had not been ffivored with a sermon, or either of the sacraments, for six or ei^ht months.''^

» The last will of James Wetmore, clerk, bears date Nov, H.^O. Surrogate's office, N. Y. Lib. xxii. 123. )i Reports of Propagation Soc.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 69

After a vacancy of nearly two years the mission was again filled by the appointment of the Rev. Ebenezer Piinderson.a In 1763 this gentleman informs the Society " that since writing his last letter, besides two-thirds of the Sundays at Rye, and the other third at White Plains, North Castle and Bedford, he had been twice to Crampond and once to Croton, he had also baptized nineteen adults and ninety-two children."

Mr. Punderson died in 1764. The following inscription is taken from his monument in the grave yard.

; Sacred to the Memory . . '

of the , ' Rev. Ebenezer Punderson,

late Missionary to the Rev. Society for

Ebenezer Piinderson.a In 1763 this gentleman informs the Society " that since writing his last letter, besides two-thirds of the Sundays at Rye, and the other third at White Plains, North Castle and Bedford, he had been twice to Crampond and once to Croton, he had also baptized nineteen adults and ninety-two children."

Mr. Punderson died in 1764. The following inscription is taken from his monument in the grave yard.

; Sacred to the Memory . . '

of the , ' Rev. Ebenezer Punderson,

late Missionary to the Rev. Society for

Propagating the Gospel in Foreign Parts,

who died 22d Sept., A. D. 1764,

being 60 years of age.

"With pure religion was his spirit fraught,

Practiced himself what he to others taught."

Upon the 19th day of December, 1764, Grace Church, Rye, received the following charter from King George the Third.

CHARTER OF GRACE CHURCH, RYE.

George the Third, by the grace of God, of Great Britain, France and Ireland, King, Defender of the Faith, and so forth, To all to whom these presents shall conne, greeting : Whereas our loving subjects, Peter Jay, Elisha Budd, Christopher Isinghart, Timothy Wetmore, Caleb Purdy, Joshua Purdy, John Guion, Joseph Purdy, Gilbert Willet, John Carhart, Thomas Sawyer, Gilbert Brundige, John Thomas, William Sutton, Anthony Miller and John Adee, inhabitants of the parish of Rye, in the county of Westchester, in our Province of New York, in communion of the Church of England as by law established, by their humble petition presented on the sixteenth day of November last past, to our trusty and well beloved Cadwallader Colden, Esquire, our Lieu-

George the Third, by the grace of God, of Great Britain, France and Ireland, King, Defender of the Faith, and so forth, To all to whom these presents shall conne, greeting : Whereas our loving subjects, Peter Jay, Elisha Budd, Christopher Isinghart, Timothy Wetmore, Caleb Purdy, Joshua Purdy, John Guion, Joseph Purdy, Gilbert Willet, John Carhart, Thomas Sawyer, Gilbert Brundige, John Thomas, William Sutton, Anthony Miller and John Adee, inhabitants of the parish of Rye, in the county of Westchester, in our Province of New York, in communion of the Church of England as by law established, by their humble petition presented on the sixteenth day of November last past, to our trusty and well beloved Cadwallader Colden, Esquire, our Lieu-

» For the induction of Mr. Punderson, see Surrogate's office, N. Y. Book of Commissions, Fol. V. - .

70 ■ - HISTORY OF THE ^

tenant Governor and Commander-in-chief of our Province of Newr York and the territories depending thereon in America, in Council did set forth that the inhabitants of the said parish of Rye, in communion of the Church of England as by law established, have by voluntary contributions erected and finished a decent and convenient church in the town of Rye, in the said parish, for the celebration of divine service according to the rites and ceremonies of the Church of England, but that from a want of some persons legally authorized to superintend the same and manage the affairs and interests thereof, the said church is greatly decayed, and the petitioners discouraged from contributing to the repair thereof, least the moneys given for that purpose may be misapplied, and that on that account also charitable and well disposed people are discouraged in their design of establishing proper funds for the future support of the said church and the better maintenance of the ministry, and therefore humbly prayed in behalf of themselves and the rest of the inhabitants of the said parish in communion of the church of England as by law established, our letters patent incorporating them and the rector and inhabitants of the said parish in communion of the Church of England as by law established, for the time being a body corporate and politick, with such rights, privileges, and immunities, as should appear proper and expedient to answer the purposes aforesaid, Now We being willing to encourage the pious intentions of our said loving subjects and to grant this their reasonable request, Knoio Ye that of our especial grace, certain knowledge and mere motion, we have ordained, given, granted and declared, and by these presents for us, our heirs, and successors, do ordain, give, grant and declare, that they the said petitioners and the rest of the inhabitants of the said parish of Rye in communion of the Church of England as by law established, and their successors the inhabitants of the said parish of Rye in communion of the Church of England as by law established, with the rector of the said parish of Rye for the time being, for ever, shall for ever hereafter be one body corporate and politick in deed, fact and name, by the name, stile and title of the rector and inhabitants of the parish of Rye, in communion of the Church of England as by law established, and them and their successors by the same name, we do by these presents for us our heirs and successors really and fully make, erect, create and constitute one body politick and corporate in deed, fact and name for ever, and will, give, grant, and ordain, that they and their successors the rector and inhabitants of the parish of Rye in communion of the Church of Eno-land as by law established, by the same name shall and may have perpetual succession, and shall and may be capable in law to sue and be sued, implead and be impleaded, answer and be answered unto, defend and be defended in all courts and elsewhere, in all manner of actions, suits, complaints, pleas, causes, matters and demands whatsoever, as fully and amply as any other our liege subjects of our said Province of New York may or can sue or be sued, implead or be impleaded, defend or be defended, by any lawful ways or means whatsoever, and that they and their successors by the same name

tenant Governor and Commander-in-chief of our Province of Newr York and the territories depending thereon in America, in Council did set forth that the inhabitants of the said parish of Rye, in communion of the Church of England as by law established, have by voluntary contributions erected and finished a decent and convenient church in the town of Rye, in the said parish, for the celebration of divine service according to the rites and ceremonies of the Church of England, but that from a want of some persons legally authorized to superintend the same and manage the affairs and interests thereof, the said church is greatly decayed, and the petitioners discouraged from contributing to the repair thereof, least the moneys given for that purpose may be misapplied, and that on that account also charitable and well disposed people are discouraged in their design of establishing proper funds for the future support of the said church and the better maintenance of the ministry, and therefore humbly prayed in behalf of themselves and the rest of the inhabitants of the said parish in communion of the church of England as by law established, our letters patent incorporating them and the rector and inhabitants of the said parish in communion of the Church of England as by law established, for the time being a body corporate and politick, with such rights, privileges, and immunities, as should appear proper and expedient to answer the purposes aforesaid, Now We being willing to encourage the pious intentions of our said loving subjects and to grant this their reasonable request, Knoio Ye that of our especial grace, certain knowledge and mere motion, we have ordained, given, granted and declared, and by these presents for us, our heirs, and successors, do ordain, give, grant and declare, that they the said petitioners and the rest of the inhabitants of the said parish of Rye in communion of the Church of England as by law established, and their successors the inhabitants of the said parish of Rye in communion of the Church of England as by law established, with the rector of the said parish of Rye for the time being, for ever, shall for ever hereafter be one body corporate and politick in deed, fact and name, by the name, stile and title of the rector and inhabitants of the parish of Rye, in communion of the Church of England as by law established, and them and their successors by the same name, we do by these presents for us our heirs and successors really and fully make, erect, create and constitute one body politick and corporate in deed, fact and name for ever, and will, give, grant, and ordain, that they and their successors the rector and inhabitants of the parish of Rye in communion of the Church of Eno-land as by law established, by the same name shall and may have perpetual succession, and shall and may be capable in law to sue and be sued, implead and be impleaded, answer and be answered unto, defend and be defended in all courts and elsewhere, in all manner of actions, suits, complaints, pleas, causes, matters and demands whatsoever, as fully and amply as any other our liege subjects of our said Province of New York may or can sue or be sued, implead or be impleaded, defend or be defended, by any lawful ways or means whatsoever, and that they and their successors by the same name

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. ; . 71

shall be for ever hereafter capable and able in the law to purchase, take, hold, receive, "and enjoy any messuages, tenements, houses, and real estate whatsoever, in fee simple for term of life or lives, or in any other manner howsoever, for the use of the said cliurch, and also any goods, chattels, or personal estate whatsoever, Provided always that the clear yearly value of the said real estate (exclusive of the said church and the ground whereon the same is built and the cemetery belonging to the same) doth not at any time exceed the sum of five hundred pounds current money of our said province, and that they and their successors by the same name shall have full power and authority to give, grant, sell, lease and dispose of the same real estate for life or lives, or years, or for ever, under certain yearly rents and all goods, chattels and personal estate whatsoever at their will and pleasure, and that it shall and may be lawful for them and their successors to have and use a common seal, and our will and pleasure further is. and we do hereby for us, our heirs and successors, ordain and appoint that there shall be for ever hereafter belonging to the said church one rector of the Church of England as by law established, duly qualified for the cure of souls, two churchwardens and eight vestrymen, who shall conduct and manage the affairs and business of the said church and corporation in manner as hereafter is declared and appointed, and for the more immediate carrying into execution our royal will and pleasure herein, we do hereby assign, constitute and appoint Peter .Tay and Elisha Budd to be the present churchwardens, and John Thomas, Joshua Purdy, Christopher Isinghart, William Sutton, John Adee, Caleb Purdy, Anthony Miller and Timothy Wetmore to be the present vestrymen of the said church, who shall hold, possess, and enjoy their said respective offices until Tuesday in Easter week, which shall come and be in the year of our Lord one thousand, seven hundred and sixty-six, and for the keeping up the succession in the said offices, our royal will and pleasure is, and we do hereby establish, direct and require that on the said Tuesday in Easter week in the said year of our Lord one thousand, seven hundred and sixty-six, and yearly and every year thereafter for ever, on Tuesday in Easter week in every year, the rector and inhabitants of the parish of Rye in communion of the Church of England as by law established, shall meet at the said church, and there by the majority of voices of such of them as shall so meet, elect and choose two of their members to be churchwardens and eight others of their members to be vestrymen of the said church for the ensuing year, which said churchwardens and vestrymen so elected and chosen shall immediately enter upon their respective offices, and hold, exercise and enjoy the same respectively from the time of such elections for and during the space of one year, and until other fit persons shall be elected and chosen in their respective places, and in case the churchwardens or vestrymen, or either of them, by these presents named and appointed or which shall be hereafter elected and chosen by virtue of these presents, shall die or remove from the said parish of Rye before the time of their respective appointed services shall be expired, or refuse or neglect to act in the office for which

shall be for ever hereafter capable and able in the law to purchase, take, hold, receive, "and enjoy any messuages, tenements, houses, and real estate whatsoever, in fee simple for term of life or lives, or in any other manner howsoever, for the use of the said cliurch, and also any goods, chattels, or personal estate whatsoever, Provided always that the clear yearly value of the said real estate (exclusive of the said church and the ground whereon the same is built and the cemetery belonging to the same) doth not at any time exceed the sum of five hundred pounds current money of our said province, and that they and their successors by the same name shall have full power and authority to give, grant, sell, lease and dispose of the same real estate for life or lives, or years, or for ever, under certain yearly rents and all goods, chattels and personal estate whatsoever at their will and pleasure, and that it shall and may be lawful for them and their successors to have and use a common seal, and our will and pleasure further is. and we do hereby for us, our heirs and successors, ordain and appoint that there shall be for ever hereafter belonging to the said church one rector of the Church of England as by law established, duly qualified for the cure of souls, two churchwardens and eight vestrymen, who shall conduct and manage the affairs and business of the said church and corporation in manner as hereafter is declared and appointed, and for the more immediate carrying into execution our royal will and pleasure herein, we do hereby assign, constitute and appoint Peter .Tay and Elisha Budd to be the present churchwardens, and John Thomas, Joshua Purdy, Christopher Isinghart, William Sutton, John Adee, Caleb Purdy, Anthony Miller and Timothy Wetmore to be the present vestrymen of the said church, who shall hold, possess, and enjoy their said respective offices until Tuesday in Easter week, which shall come and be in the year of our Lord one thousand, seven hundred and sixty-six, and for the keeping up the succession in the said offices, our royal will and pleasure is, and we do hereby establish, direct and require that on the said Tuesday in Easter week in the said year of our Lord one thousand, seven hundred and sixty-six, and yearly and every year thereafter for ever, on Tuesday in Easter week in every year, the rector and inhabitants of the parish of Rye in communion of the Church of England as by law established, shall meet at the said church, and there by the majority of voices of such of them as shall so meet, elect and choose two of their members to be churchwardens and eight others of their members to be vestrymen of the said church for the ensuing year, which said churchwardens and vestrymen so elected and chosen shall immediately enter upon their respective offices, and hold, exercise and enjoy the same respectively from the time of such elections for and during the space of one year, and until other fit persons shall be elected and chosen in their respective places, and in case the churchwardens or vestrymen, or either of them, by these presents named and appointed or which shall be hereafter elected and chosen by virtue of these presents, shall die or remove from the said parish of Rye before the time of their respective appointed services shall be expired, or refuse or neglect to act in the office for which

.72 ' HISTORY OF THE -

he or they is or are herein nominated and appointed, or whereunto he or they shall or may be so elected and chosen, then our royal will and pleasure is and we do hereby direct, ordain and require the rector and inhabitants of the parish of Rye in communion as aforesaid for the time being to meet at the said churchj and choose other or others of their members in the place and stead of him or them so dying, removing or refusing to act within thirty days next after such contingency, and in this case for the more due and orderly conducting the said elections and to prevent any undue proceedings therein, we do hereby give full power and authority to, and ordain and require that the rector and the said churchwardens of the said church for the time being, or any two of them, shall appoint the time for such election and elections, and that the rector of the said church, or in his absence one of the said churchwardens for the time being, shall give public notice thereof by publishing the same at the said church, immediately after divine service on the Sunday nexl preceding the day appointed for such election, hereby giving and granting that such person or persons as shall be so chosen from time to time by the rector and inhabitants of the said parish of Rye in communion as aforesaid, or the majority of such of them as shall in such case meet in manner hereby directed, shall have, hold, exercise and enjoy such the office or offices to which he or they shall be so elected and chosen from the time of such election until the Tuesday in Easter week thence next ensuing, and until other or others be legally chosen in his or their place or stead, as fully and amply as the person or persons in whose place he or they shall be chosen might or could have done by virtue of these presents, and we do hereby will and direct that this method shall for ever hereafter be used for the fdling up all vacancies that shall happen in either the said offices between the annual elections above directed ; and our royal will and pleasure further is, and we do hereby for us, our heirs and successors, give and grant that as well the churchwardens and vestrymen in these presents nominated and appointed, as such as shall from time to time be hereafter elected and chosen as is herein directed, shall have and they are hereby invested wiih full power and authority to execute their several and respective offices in as full and ample manner as any churchwardens or vestrymen in that part of our kingdom of Great Britain called England, or in this our province of New York, can or lawfully may execute their said respective offices ; and further our royal will and pleasure is, and we do by these presents, for us, our heirs and successors, give, grant, ordain and appoint that the rector and the said churchwardens of the said church for the time being, or any two of them, shall and may from time to time as occasion shall require, summon and call together, at such day and place as they shall think proper, the said rector, churchwardens and vestrymen for the time being, to meet in vesiry, giving them at the least one day's notice thereof, and we hereby require them to meet accordingly ; and we do hereby give, grant and ordain, that the said rector and one of the said churchwardens for the time being at least, together with the majority of the said vestrymen of the said church fox

he or they is or are herein nominated and appointed, or whereunto he or they shall or may be so elected and chosen, then our royal will and pleasure is and we do hereby direct, ordain and require the rector and inhabitants of the parish of Rye in communion as aforesaid for the time being to meet at the said churchj and choose other or others of their members in the place and stead of him or them so dying, removing or refusing to act within thirty days next after such contingency, and in this case for the more due and orderly conducting the said elections and to prevent any undue proceedings therein, we do hereby give full power and authority to, and ordain and require that the rector and the said churchwardens of the said church for the time being, or any two of them, shall appoint the time for such election and elections, and that the rector of the said church, or in his absence one of the said churchwardens for the time being, shall give public notice thereof by publishing the same at the said church, immediately after divine service on the Sunday nexl preceding the day appointed for such election, hereby giving and granting that such person or persons as shall be so chosen from time to time by the rector and inhabitants of the said parish of Rye in communion as aforesaid, or the majority of such of them as shall in such case meet in manner hereby directed, shall have, hold, exercise and enjoy such the office or offices to which he or they shall be so elected and chosen from the time of such election until the Tuesday in Easter week thence next ensuing, and until other or others be legally chosen in his or their place or stead, as fully and amply as the person or persons in whose place he or they shall be chosen might or could have done by virtue of these presents, and we do hereby will and direct that this method shall for ever hereafter be used for the fdling up all vacancies that shall happen in either the said offices between the annual elections above directed ; and our royal will and pleasure further is, and we do hereby for us, our heirs and successors, give and grant that as well the churchwardens and vestrymen in these presents nominated and appointed, as such as shall from time to time be hereafter elected and chosen as is herein directed, shall have and they are hereby invested wiih full power and authority to execute their several and respective offices in as full and ample manner as any churchwardens or vestrymen in that part of our kingdom of Great Britain called England, or in this our province of New York, can or lawfully may execute their said respective offices ; and further our royal will and pleasure is, and we do by these presents, for us, our heirs and successors, give, grant, ordain and appoint that the rector and the said churchwardens of the said church for the time being, or any two of them, shall and may from time to time as occasion shall require, summon and call together, at such day and place as they shall think proper, the said rector, churchwardens and vestrymen for the time being, to meet in vesiry, giving them at the least one day's notice thereof, and we hereby require them to meet accordingly ; and we do hereby give, grant and ordain, that the said rector and one of the said churchwardens for the time being at least, together with the majority of the said vestrymen of the said church fox

COUNT i^ OF WESTCHESTER. 73

the time being, being met in vestry as above directed, shall for ever hereafter have, and they are hereby invested with full power and authority by majority of their voices, to do and execute in the name of the rector and inhabitants of the parish of Rye in communion of the Church of England as by law established, all and singular the powers and authorities hereinbefore given and granted to the said rector and inhabitants of the parish of Rye in communion of the Church of England as by law established, any wise touching or relating to such lands, messuages and tenements, real and personal estate whatsoever, as they the said rector and inhabhants of the parish of Rye in communion as aforesaid, shall or may acquire for the use of the said church, and also in like manner to order, direct, manage and transact the general interest, business and affairs of our said corporation, and also shall have full power and authority in like manner to make and ordain such rules, orders and ordinances as they shall judge convenient for the good government and discip. line of the members of the said church, provided such rules, orders and ordinances be not repugnant to the laws of that part of our kingdom of Great Britain called England, or of this our province of New York, but as near as may be agreeable thereto, and that the same be fairly entered in a book or books to be kept for that purpose. And also in like manner to appoint the /ormofthe common seal hereinbefore granted and the same to alter, break and new make at their discretion ; and also in like manner to appoint such officer or officers as they shall stand in need of; always provided that the rector of the said church for the time being shall have the sole power of nominatinoand appointing the clerk to assist him in performing divine service, as also ihe sexton, any thing hereinbefore contained to the contrary in any wise notwithstanding, which clerk and sexton shall hold and enjoy their respective offices during the will and pleasure of the rector of the said church for the time being.

And also in like manner to appoint the /ormofthe common seal hereinbefore granted and the same to alter, break and new make at their discretion ; and also in like manner to appoint such officer or officers as they shall stand in need of; always provided that the rector of the said church for the time being shall have the sole power of nominatinoand appointing the clerk to assist him in performing divine service, as also ihe sexton, any thing hereinbefore contained to the contrary in any wise notwithstanding, which clerk and sexton shall hold and enjoy their respective offices during the will and pleasure of the rector of the said church for the time being. And whereas by the death of the late minister of the said church the same is now in avoidance, our royal will and pleasure is that in this case, and also in case of every future avoidance of the said church, either by the death of the rector thereof or otherwise, that the powers and authorities hereby vested in the rector, churchwardens and vestrymen in vestry met as above meniionpd, shall until the said church be legally supplied with another incumbent vest in and be executed by the said churchwardens of the said church for the time being; provided always they have the concurrence and consent of the major number of the whole vestrymen of the said church appointed by these presents, or chosen by virtue hereof, for the time being, in every thing they shall in such case do by virtue hereof. And further we' do by these presents for us, our heirs and successors, give and grant unto the rector and inhabitants of the parish of Rye in communion of the Church of England as by law established, and their successors for ever, that this our present grant shall be deemed, adjudged and construed in all cases most favorably and for the best benefit and advantage of the said rector and inhabitants of the parish of Rye in communion of the Church of England as by lasv YOL, II. ]0

And further we' do by these presents for us, our heirs and successors, give and grant unto the rector and inhabitants of the parish of Rye in communion of the Church of England as by law established, and their successors for ever, that this our present grant shall be deemed, adjudged and construed in all cases most favorably and for the best benefit and advantage of the said rector and inhabitants of the parish of Rye in communion of the Church of England as by lasv YOL, II. ]0

A*

74 HISTORY OF Till:

established, and that this our present grant being entered on record as is here' inafter particularly expressed, shall be good and efiectual in the law to all intents, constructions and purposes whatsoever, against us, our heirs and successors, according to our true intent and meaning herein before declared, notwithstanding the not reciting or misreciting, not naming or misnaming of any of the aforesaid franchises, privileges, immunities, offices or other the premises, or any of them, and although no writ of ad quod damnum, or other •writs, inquisitions or precepts hath or have been upon this account had, made, issued or prosecuted, to have and to hold all and singular the privileges, liberties, advantages and immunities hereby granted or meant, mentioned or intended so to be, unto them the said rector and inhabitants of the parish of Rye in communion of the Church of England as by law established, and to their successors for ever. In testimony whereof we have caused these our letters to be made patent and the great seal of our said province to be hereunto affixed, and the same to be entered on record in our secretary's office in our city of New York, in one of the books of patents there remaining.

established, and that this our present grant being entered on record as is here' inafter particularly expressed, shall be good and efiectual in the law to all intents, constructions and purposes whatsoever, against us, our heirs and successors, according to our true intent and meaning herein before declared, notwithstanding the not reciting or misreciting, not naming or misnaming of any of the aforesaid franchises, privileges, immunities, offices or other the premises, or any of them, and although no writ of ad quod damnum, or other •writs, inquisitions or precepts hath or have been upon this account had, made, issued or prosecuted, to have and to hold all and singular the privileges, liberties, advantages and immunities hereby granted or meant, mentioned or intended so to be, unto them the said rector and inhabitants of the parish of Rye in communion of the Church of England as by law established, and to their successors for ever. In testimony whereof we have caused these our letters to be made patent and the great seal of our said province to be hereunto affixed, and the same to be entered on record in our secretary's office in our city of New York, in one of the books of patents there remaining. Witness our trusty and well beloved Cadwallader Golden, Esquire, our Lieutenant Governor and Commander-in-chief of our Province of New York, and territories thereon in America, at our Fort in our city of New York, by and with the advice and consent of our Council for our said province, the nineteenth day of December, in the year of our Lord one thousand, seven hundred and sixty four, and of our reign the fifth. First skin, line the fortieth, the words or with and second skin, line the twenty -seventh, the word is are interlined.

Witness our trusty and well beloved Cadwallader Golden, Esquire, our Lieutenant Governor and Commander-in-chief of our Province of New York, and territories thereon in America, at our Fort in our city of New York, by and with the advice and consent of our Council for our said province, the nineteenth day of December, in the year of our Lord one thousand, seven hundred and sixty four, and of our reign the fifth. First skin, line the fortieth, the words or with and second skin, line the twenty -seventh, the word is are interlined.

Clarke.

August 27, 1765. The Rev. Epiiraim Avery was appointed to the mission of Rye.

In 1773, Mr. Avery's notitia parochialis stood thus: baptized 90 infants, adults G, colored infants 5 ; marriages 5; burials 10.

On the 5ih of June, 1776, he informs the Society, " that he has lost the use of his right hand, and therefore is incapable of writing and sending an account of his parish.

"The persecutions and privations to which the clergy were exposed (says^ ^Dr. Hawkins,) in the war, whether from the Royalist or American armies proved fatal to several of them. At Rye, Mr. Avery was a principal sufferer ; his horses were seized, his cattle driven off, and his property plundered. His death, by some supposed to have been occasioned by these losses, happened soon afterwards.''^

» Hawkins' Hist. Not. Col. Church, 281. Mr. Avery was a step-son of Uie celebrated General Putnam. -- Editor.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 75

Hawkins,) in the war, whether from the Royalist or American armies proved fatal to several of them. At Rye, Mr. Avery was a principal sufferer ; his horses were seized, his cattle driven off, and his property plundered. His death, by some supposed to have been occasioned by these losses, happened soon afterwards.''^

» Hawkins' Hist. Not. Col. Church, 281. Mr. Avery was a step-son of Uie celebrated General Putnam. -- Editor.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 75

The Rev. Isaac Hunt succeeded Mr. Avery in the. rectorship, havinjr been appointed by the Propagation Society in 1777, with a sah\ry of c€40.

During the subsequent years the parish of Rye suffered considerably from the confusion that attended the Revolutionary war. The church was burned, the glebe lands hired out on terms which produced but a small income, and the parishioners scattered.

After the close of the war, the congregation received a letter from the Rev. Samuel Provoost, rector of Trinity Church, New York, Abraham Beach and Benjamin Moore, dated April 17, 1786, inclosing the journals of the convention of the Proiestant Episcopal Church, held in Philadelphia, September, 1785. Upon the reception of this letter, a meeting of the congregation was called, which assembled at the house of Mrs. Haviland, in Rye, on the 5th of May, 17S6.

Mr. Joshua Purdy was unanimously elected president of the meeting. On motion it was resolved to take the sense of the congregation, whether they would comply with the request of the letter, and send delegates to meet in convention at St. Paul's Church in New York, upon the third Tuesday in May next.

Upon the reception of this letter, a meeting of the congregation was called, which assembled at the house of Mrs. Haviland, in Rye, on the 5th of May, 17S6.

Mr. Joshua Purdy was unanimously elected president of the meeting. On motion it was resolved to take the sense of the congregation, whether they would comply with the request of the letter, and send delegates to meet in convention at St. Paul's Church in New York, upon the third Tuesday in May next.

The sense being taken, it was unanimously agreed to send delegates. William Miller and Alexander Hunt, Esqs., were chosen delegates to the general convention.

September, 1787. The Rev. Richard Channing Moore (afterwards Bishop of Virginia) was elected to the rectorship, the first since the close of the war.

At a vestry meeting held 5th March, 1788, it was determined by that body to erect a new church on or near the place where the old ruins stood.

Upon the resignation of Mr. Moore in 1788, the Rev. David Foote accepted an invitation to the rectorship. This individual was called away whilst in the morning of life from the field of his earthly labors to reap an eternal reward, A. D. 1793. His tombstone bears the following simple inscription.

76 HISTORY OF THE

•• ' In Memory

of. the

'' .' Rev. Mr. David Foote,

. ^ . late Pastor of Rye and White Plains,

who departed this life the first of August,

1793,

aged 32 years.

: • , . Blessed are the dead who

This individual was called away whilst in the morning of life from the field of his earthly labors to reap an eternal reward, A. D. 1793. His tombstone bears the following simple inscription.

76 HISTORY OF THE

•• ' In Memory

of. the

'' .' Rev. Mr. David Foote,

. ^ . late Pastor of Rye and White Plains,

who departed this life the first of August,

1793,

aged 32 years.

: • , . Blessed are the dead who

. *• > • . die in the Lord.

The Rev. John J. Sands was called to and accepted the rectorship in 1793, For the successors of Mr. Sands, see the list of rectors.

At a meeting of the rector, wardens and vestrymen, held in 1794, it was resolved to substitute the title C/irisi instead of Grace, by which the church had heretofore been distinguished.

The principal benefactors to this parish have been the Hon. Caleb Healhcote, St. George Talbot, Esq , Ann Jay.^ sister of the Hon. John Jay, and the wardens and vestry of Trinity Church, New York.b

Christ Church, Rye, was incorporated on the 12th of March, 1796. Peter Jay and John Barker, churchwardens, Joshua Purdy, Sen., Roger Piu'dy, John Haight, Thomas Carhart, Gilbert Hatfield, Roger Purdy, Jonathan Horton and Jonathan Purdy, vestrymen. c A second incorporation occurs on the 18th of June following.

The present glebe was purchased by the vestry in 1794. Upon it a neat parsonage has been erected. To Christ Church, Rye, is attached St. Peter's chapel at Portchester.

Christ Church, Rye, was incorporated on the 12th of March, 1796. Peter Jay and John Barker, churchwardens, Joshua Purdy, Sen., Roger Piu'dy, John Haight, Thomas Carhart, Gilbert Hatfield, Roger Purdy, Jonathan Horton and Jonathan Purdy, vestrymen. c A second incorporation occurs on the 18th of June following.

The present glebe was purchased by the vestry in 1794. Upon it a neat parsonage has been erected. To Christ Church, Rye, is attached St. Peter's chapel at Portchester.

The first delegates from this parish to the diocesan convention in 1785, were Mr. William Miller and Mr. Alexander Hunt.

a This lady left a legacy of $250 to the church.

b In 1800 Trhiity Church contributed |;750 for a parsonage at Rye, to which was added in 1813, the sum of $.500. « Co. llec. Keliifious Soc. I,ib. A.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. LIST OF RECTORS.

Instituted or called, A. D. 1702, Rev, A. D. 1704^ Rev.

January, 1709, Rev.

1719, Rev.

1720, Rev. 4 June, 1722, Rev.

1726, Rev.

1746, Rev.

1 July, 1763, Rev.

27 Aug. 1765, Rev.

1777, Rev.

Sept. 1787, Rev.

Nov. 1790, Rev.

1793, Rev.

Nov. 1796, Rev.

Rectors, Thomas Pritchard, Clericus, George Muirson, Clericus, Christopher Bridge, M. A. Cler. Mr. Barclay, Clericus, Thomas Poyer, Clericus, Robert Jenney, Clericus,!^ James Wetmore, Clericus, Joseph Lamson, Clericus, Ebenezer Pundersou, Clericus,*^ Ephraim Avery, Clericus, Isaac Hunt, Clericus, Richard C. Moore, Presb., Uavid Foote, Presb., John J. Sands, Presb.,

vacated by

death, the same, the same.

resio'. the same, the same, death.

resig.

27 Aug. 1765, Rev.

1777, Rev.

Sept. 1787, Rev.

Nov. 1790, Rev.

1793, Rev.

Nov. 1796, Rev.

Rectors, Thomas Pritchard, Clericus, George Muirson, Clericus, Christopher Bridge, M. A. Cler. Mr. Barclay, Clericus, Thomas Poyer, Clericus, Robert Jenney, Clericus,!^ James Wetmore, Clericus, Joseph Lamson, Clericus, Ebenezer Pundersou, Clericus,*^ Ephraim Avery, Clericus, Isaac Hunt, Clericus, Richard C. Moore, Presb., Uavid Foote, Presb., John J. Sands, Presb.,

vacated by

death, the same, the same.

resio'. the same, the same, death.

resig.

death.

the same.

resig. the same.

death. . ■

resig.

death.

a The following obituary notice of Mr. Bridge, is from the Boston newspaper of June 1st to 8th, 1719 : " we have an account from Rye, in the government of New York, of the death of the Rev. Mr. Bridge, M. A., a presbyter of the church of England, and minister of the gospel at that place, who died on Saturday, the 23d of May, last. He was formerly, for many years together, one of the ministers of the Church of England, in Boston, a religious and worthy man, a very good scholar, and a fine grave preacher. His performances in the puli)it were solid, judicious and profitable, his conversation was agreeable and improving, and though a strict churchman in his principles, yetof great respect and charity to dissenters, and much esteemed by them. He was bred at the University of Cambridge, in England, and was about forty-eight years of age when he died, very much lamented." Extracted from Greenwood's History of King's Chapel.

He was formerly, for many years together, one of the ministers of the Church of England, in Boston, a religious and worthy man, a very good scholar, and a fine grave preacher. His performances in the puli)it were solid, judicious and profitable, his conversation was agreeable and improving, and though a strict churchman in his principles, yetof great respect and charity to dissenters, and much esteemed by them. He was bred at the University of Cambridge, in England, and was about forty-eight years of age when he died, very much lamented." Extracted from Greenwood's History of King's Chapel.

b This gentleman was the son of Archdeacon Jenny of Wanney town, in the north of Ireland. See Hist, of Narragansett church by VVilkins Updike.

c Mr. Punderson graduated at Yale College in 1726, and was afterwards ordained a Congregational minister over the second church in Groton. In 1732, he came into the Episcopal church, and crossed the Atlantic to be ordained. On his return, he reorganized a church at the village of Poquetannuc, in North Gr3ton, in 1738, which has ever since existed," &c. Mr. Punderson was for some years an itinerant missionary of the " Society for the Propagation of the Gospel," from 1740 to 1750. In 1753-4 he was settled missionary in the towns of Guilford, New Haven and Branford." Ibid.

78 HISTORY OF THE «!

Aug. 1797, Rev. Samuel Haskell, Presb., resig.

April, 1801, Rev. Evan Rogers, Presb., death.

1809, Rev. Samuel Haskell, Presb., resig.

1822, Rev. William Thompson, Presb., death.

On his return, he reorganized a church at the village of Poquetannuc, in North Gr3ton, in 1738, which has ever since existed," &c. Mr. Punderson was for some years an itinerant missionary of the " Society for the Propagation of the Gospel," from 1740 to 1750. In 1753-4 he was settled missionary in the towns of Guilford, New Haven and Branford." Ibid.

78 HISTORY OF THE «!

Aug. 1797, Rev. Samuel Haskell, Presb., resig.

April, 1801, Rev. Evan Rogers, Presb., death.

1809, Rev. Samuel Haskell, Presb., resig.

1822, Rev. William Thompson, Presb., death.

1830, Rev. John M. Forbes, Presb., resig.

1832, Rev. William M. Carmichal, Presb., the same.

Aug., 1834, Rev. Peter S. Chauiicey, Presb., the same.

NOTITIA PAROCHIALIS.

A. D. 1722, Communicants 25 Baptisms

1739, ditto 50 ditto 138

1816, ditto 60 ditto 25

1847, ditto 112 ditto 22

The Methodist Episcopal church of Rye, was erected A. D. 1831. The whole structure is valued at $2150.

In the immediate neighborhood of the village, is the Chrestomathic Institute, a select English, commercial and classical boarding school for young gentlemen. Samuel U. Berrian, A. M., principal, and proprietor. " This establishment is situated on the Boston post road, twenty six and a half miles from the city of New York, and is of easy access therefrom, by land or water. It possesses many attractions to render it a favorite place of resort for the young. The buildings are spacious and conveniently planned, and the internal arrangements perfect and complete. Ample play grounds furnish every opportunity for healthful exercise and recreation. The situation of the premises is such^ that the pupils are entirely free from any vicious or foreign contact from withoiU," and is well suited to encourage them in studious and domestic habits.

" This establishment is situated on the Boston post road, twenty six and a half miles from the city of New York, and is of easy access therefrom, by land or water. It possesses many attractions to render it a favorite place of resort for the young. The buildings are spacious and conveniently planned, and the internal arrangements perfect and complete. Ample play grounds furnish every opportunity for healthful exercise and recreation. The situation of the premises is such^ that the pupils are entirely free from any vicious or foreign contact from withoiU," and is well suited to encourage them in studious and domestic habits.

South of the village lies Poningoe fieck, commonly called Brown^s Point,one mile and a half in extent. The extremity of the point in the neighborhood of the Scotch caps, has been considerably undermined by the constant action of the waves. The eastern shore of the neck, has also receded before the same destructive element. The beach on Ri/e flats is a well known and favorite bathing place. It also commands an extensive view of the

f>-

COUiNTY UF WESTCHESTER. 79

Sound. The name of Parsonage Point, has been conferred on the south east projection. At present, the principal proprietors are Gideon Reynolds and Hachaliah Brown Ejjq. The latter individual holds 250 acres of the lower portion.

Upon the western shore of Poningoe neck or Brown's Point stands, the small hamlet of Milton, overlooking the mouth of the Blind brook, (Mockquams) the beautiful scenery of the Mill creek and the wooded shores of Budd's neck. Here are several stores and the tide mill of Henry Sandford and company; the latter is situated at the head of the navigable waters of Mill creek. In the immediate vicinity of Milton, is the residence of Newberry Halstead, Esq., which from its elevated position, commands splendid prospects of the river and surrounding country.

Upon the western shore of Poningoe neck or Brown's Point stands, the small hamlet of Milton, overlooking the mouth of the Blind brook, (Mockquams) the beautiful scenery of the Mill creek and the wooded shores of Budd's neck. Here are several stores and the tide mill of Henry Sandford and company; the latter is situated at the head of the navigable waters of Mill creek. In the immediate vicinity of Milton, is the residence of Newberry Halstead, Esq., which from its elevated position, commands splendid prospects of the river and surrounding country. The Halsteads have been long residents of Rye, and descend from a common ancestor of that name, who originally came from Huntingdon, Long Island. The adjoining proprietors are Underbill Halstead, Joseph Parker and Gideon Reynolds.

Near the entrance of the Neck Proper^ is located the ancient village bunjing ground. Here the frail memorials

With uncouth rhymes and shapeless sculpture decked, Implore the passing tribute of a sigh. -- Gray's Elegy.

The following inscription is taken from one of the oldest tombstones: Mary, daughter to Samuel and Mary Kniifen, deceased January ye 12, 1707. Upon another richly carved stone surmounted by a winged cherub, are these words : In memory of Mr. Joseph Lyon, who deceased February the 2 1st, A. D. 1761, in the 84th year of his age. Here are also interred the bodies of the Rev. William Thompson^ and the Rev. Evan Rogers. The tombstone of the latter is inscribed as follows : The Masonic Society in the town of Rye,

The following inscription is taken from one of the oldest tombstones: Mary, daughter to Samuel and Mary Kniifen, deceased January ye 12, 1707. Upon another richly carved stone surmounted by a winged cherub, are these words : In memory of Mr. Joseph Lyon, who deceased February the 2 1st, A. D. 1761, in the 84th year of his age. Here are also interred the bodies of the Rev. William Thompson^ and the Rev. Evan Rogers. The tombstone of the latter is inscribed as follows : The Masonic Society in the town of Rye,

a The inscription on the tombstone of Mr Thompson, is an exact copy of that upon his tablet in the church-

80 "■- HISTORY OF THE «

• - have erected this monument

'^' sacred to the memory ^

^ ■ of their beloved brother,

the ,' ' Rev. Evan Rogers,

■ . ' Pastor of Christ Church

in this town, who departed this hfe January 25th, 1809, in the 42d year, " - • _ ^ of his life,

extremely lamented. ^ • - My flesh shall slumber in the ground, ' . Till the last trumpet's joyful sound,

• Then burst these chains with sweet surprise, ,' And in my Saviour's image rise. Also memorials to Stephen Roe, M. D., and Dr. Charles Mc Donald a soldier of the Revolution. The Unionville Cetnetery belonging to the Episcopal church, is situated in North street. It contains monuments to the families of Budd, Nelson, Kniffen, Osborne, Bulkiey, Brooks, Merritt, Yeoman. Halstead, Barker, Brown, Prevoost, Andrews, Berrian, Haviland, Russel, Mount, Fisher and Ferguson, ttc.

Till the last trumpet's joyful sound,

• Then burst these chains with sweet surprise, ,' And in my Saviour's image rise. Also memorials to Stephen Roe, M. D., and Dr. Charles Mc Donald a soldier of the Revolution. The Unionville Cetnetery belonging to the Episcopal church, is situated in North street. It contains monuments to the families of Budd, Nelson, Kniffen, Osborne, Bulkiey, Brooks, Merritt, Yeoman. Halstead, Barker, Brown, Prevoost, Andrews, Berrian, Haviland, Russel, Mount, Fisher and Ferguson, ttc.

On the west shore of the Mill creek, extends the ancient territory of Apawquammis, afterwards named Budd's neck,^' from John Budd, the first grantee of tliese lands under the Indians, A. D. 1661. In 1639, the name of John Budd occurs in the New Haven records, as one of the first planters of that pUice.iJ He subsequently ren::oved to Soulhhold, Long Island, from whence he came to Rye in 1661. In 1663, John Budd was deputy from Rye to the general court of Connecticut. <=

a Sometimes called Eye neck, b New Haven Col. Rec.vol. i. 7. c New Haven Col. Rec. vol. i. 425.

To face page SI, vol. Li.

PEDW

Arms borne by the Hugueaot. D'azur,

:;li8vrou d'or, en chef demi soleil splendan

Fiancis Jay, died during tlie v fiom Fiance to England.

unSed

Peter Jay, orRye,=Mary, da. of Jacolms

3d N

ITOf.ob ITtli Api 11,1782; mar. 20tli Jan 1728. Buried at Rye

Augustus, nat. 15tli James, "a^.^Tth April,

April, I7:i0, ob. 1,31, i-U. lOlli Oct.

2yd Dec. ISul, 1751, s. p. B.p.

Rec.vol. i. 7. c New Haven Col. Rec. vol. i. 425.

To face page SI, vol. Li.

PEDW

Arms borne by the Hugueaot. D'azur,

:;li8vrou d'or, en chef demi soleil splendan

Fiancis Jay, died during tlie v fiom Fiance to England.

unSed

Peter Jay, orRye,=Mary, da. of Jacolms

3d N

ITOf.ob ITtli Api 11,1782; mar. 20tli Jan 1728. Buried at Rye

Augustus, nat. 15tli James, "a^.^Tth April,

April, I7:i0, ob. 1,31, i-U. lOlli Oct.

2yd Dec. ISul, 1751, s. p. B.p.

Sir James, Knight, nat 27tli Oct. 1732, ob 20[ll Oct. 1815 Buried at Rye

van Cortlardt, of tiie old Yoiikois, ub. 17tli April, 1777.

Juditl Au Au

Peter, nat.=Mary Duyck- F luth Oct inck, mar- 1734, oU. ried 178J 8tli July,

or ,18th

Peter Augustus Jay -Mary Rutherfur.l, S^usan nnt.

leieri^iig '- aa.ofGen Mat- 9thJuly,l|

Aug. 1780. in the vaul Flemish Cj Madrid

of Rye Neck, nat.

2.Uh Jan. 1777, ob. tliew Clark=oii

20tli Feb. 1813

,,.„Clarkson=Laura Peter iugustns= Mary=.Frederick Sarahs Wm Daw

.■ x^ _r r*..:..... _li»cunlllnp Ppnr. PTlUie ^"'»

Jay, M r» of Rye Neck

Prin da of Nath' Piime

Josephine Pear son

Catharine-- HP

Eleanor gu

bo

I" \ I 1 , '

John,ob. Angus- Peter John Laura

1840. lus, ob Augustus CUukson

Marv

I I

Cornelia Anna

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 81

John Hudd, proprietor of Budd's neck, by his last will dated the 13th of October, 16G9, bequeathed to his son John, all his part of the Mill on Blind brook, and to his son Joseph, the Epawqnammis lands. Joseph Budd was the first patentee of Budd's or Rye neck, under the crown, in 1720.* From the Budds, the neck went by purchase, into the families of the Purdys, Gedneys, Guions and Jays, &.c. The property of the latter family, covers a large proportion of the old patent.

John Hudd, proprietor of Budd's neck, by his last will dated the 13th of October, 16G9, bequeathed to his son John, all his part of the Mill on Blind brook, and to his son Joseph, the Epawqnammis lands. Joseph Budd was the first patentee of Budd's or Rye neck, under the crown, in 1720.* From the Budds, the neck went by purchase, into the families of the Purdys, Gedneys, Guions and Jays, &.c. The property of the latter family, covers a large proportion of the old patent.

We have previously shown, that John Budd released this portion of his patrimonial estate, including Pine Island, Marees neck and Hen Island, to Peter Jay, A. D. 1745.

The Jay family who have been seated here for four generations, are of French origin, and descendants of Pierre Jay, Ecuyer, a wealthy merchant of La Rochelle, in 16S4. Pierre Jay is presumed to have been of the house of Le Jay, of Poitou. There was also an ancient French family in Paris of the name of Le Jay, which formerly distinguished itself in the civil department of the state, many of whom bore the same christian name, as many of the Jays have since done, amongst whom is found, a John le Jay in the early part of the sixteenth century; a Nicolas le Jay, Baron de Tilley de la Maison Rouge, et de St. Fargeau, Seigneur de Villiers, was first President to the Parliament of Paris, in 1636. This individual was the son of Nicolas le Jay, styled "correcteur des Comptes a Paris."!^

There was also an ancient French family in Paris of the name of Le Jay, which formerly distinguished itself in the civil department of the state, many of whom bore the same christian name, as many of the Jays have since done, amongst whom is found, a John le Jay in the early part of the sixteenth century; a Nicolas le Jay, Baron de Tilley de la Maison Rouge, et de St. Fargeau, Seigneur de Villiers, was first President to the Parliament of Paris, in 1636. This individual was the son of Nicolas le Jay, styled "correcteur des Comptes a Paris."!^

Of Pierre Jay, Sir. Renwick in his life of John Jay, remarks :

» In the town records of Westchester, occurs the following^ entry : "Baptised by Mr. John Bartow, rector of Westchester parish, in the parish church in the town aforesaid, the eighth of August, 1703, Sarah Budd, the wife of Joseph Budd of Rye, in the county of Westchester, and their son Joseph Budd, aged eleven montiis, also.

b Hist. Geiiealogique et Chronologique par le P. Anselme, 1731, vol. ix. 304. The arms borne by Nicolas le Jay, were " D'azur au chevron d'or, accompagne en chef de deux 6toiles de meme en point, d'un moutou passant d'argent. The arms of Pierre le Jay the Huguenot, closely resemble the former, viz. : " d'azur au chevron d'or, en chef demi soleil splendant, entre deux etoiles de meme en point, a roc propre surmonte par oiseaux. Crest, deux coeurs unis.

Geiiealogique et Chronologique par le P. Anselme, 1731, vol. ix. 304. The arms borne by Nicolas le Jay, were " D'azur au chevron d'or, accompagne en chef de deux 6toiles de meme en point, d'un moutou passant d'argent. The arms of Pierre le Jay the Huguenot, closely resemble the former, viz. : " d'azur au chevron d'or, en chef demi soleil splendant, entre deux etoiles de meme en point, a roc propre surmonte par oiseaux. Crest, deux coeurs unis.

Vol. II. U

PEDIGREE OF JAY OF RYE AND BEDFORD.

upon three graces or stepB. Motto.-- Deo Duce Perse verandui

PierreJay, Ecuyer^udiihrransoiBe, ila-ofMons. of the house of | FiaDsolie, of La Rochelle.

-Deux cceurs unis. Present

et« Jay. of Rye.=MaTy, in. of Jacobus Ju.liiH. nai. S!lih=Coniei;us van Home, Mary, .mt 31st Aug =rcte.V.illetle nuiJiiNov. I Mn CorllRrKlt, oi* AuglfiOa.cb. ob May 17W: mar. IIOO. ob, 5Ui June, Uili Uec. 17

i|, BlrJaiues, Knighl, Peter. nat.=Sfnrl' Ouyiik- Fwlerick, nnt, lOth Hon John Jay.^S^irnli ila. of Hon. Pfe(lL-rick=l. Margnrel. dii of An- Eve, nnt. 9=Re». Harry Mun. Annn Maria, rat. Mary, n

niiimhOct, ll'lliOcl in*, innr. May. 1741, tib.Ju- of Bedford, I Win Livingii.jn, nai. I'J Ap diew llnrclay. m 7 Nov 172«t, ro. M A Recior SOUi Oei 1737, 10,1741

lTja,ob20lli 1734,dU. rk-il7dj ly 0, 1741 na(. i-2ihl)rc. Governor of N.J. I7J7, ot, a, 8''pM77:i, ob.SM Oc ob Ap. T, of St. JntinsCh. ohMUlSept. May, I

Ocl. 1815 Bu- SihJuly, "^ 1715;_m.-^eili 1..H. Aug 1750. p_ U D.;c. lolicr, HIH J810 PWIipebotoueti. llai

Annn Maria, rat. Mary, n

niiimhOct, ll'lliOcl in*, innr. May. 1741, tib.Ju- of Bedford, I Win Livingii.jn, nai. I'J Ap diew llnrclay. m 7 Nov 172«t, ro. M A Recior SOUi Oei 1737, 10,1741

lTja,ob20lli 1734,dU. rk-il7dj ly 0, 1741 na(. i-2ihl)rc. Governor of N.J. I7J7, ot, a, 8''pM77:i, ob.SM Oc ob Ap. T, of St. JntinsCh. ohMUlSept. May, I

Ocl. 1815 Bu- SihJuly, "^ 1715;_m.-^eili 1..H. Aug 1750. p_ U D.;c. lolicr, HIH J810 PWIipebotoueti. llai

I I

11} vvl,,™

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 81

John Biidd, proprietor of Budd's neck, by his last will dated the 13th of October, 16G9, beqneathed to his son John, all his part of the Mill on Blind brook, and to his son Joseph, the Epawqnamrais lands. Joseph Budd was the first patentee of Budd's or Rye neck, under the crown, in 1720. ^ From the Budds, the neck went by purchase, into the famihes of the Purdys, Gedneys, Guions and Jays, &c. The property of the latter family, covers a large proportion of the old patent.

We have previously shown, that John Budd released this portion of his patrimonial estate, including Pine Island, Marees neck and Hen Island, to Peter Jay, A. D. 1745.

The Jay family who have been seated here for four generations, are of French origin, and descendants of Pierre Jay, Ecuyer, a wealthy merchant of La Rochelle, in 16S4. Pierre Jay is presumed to have been of the house of Le Jay, of Poitou. There was also an ancient French family in Paris of the name of Le Jay, which formerly distinguished itself in the civil department of the state, many of whom bore the same christian name, as many of the Jays have since done, amongst whom is found, a John le Jay in the early part of the sixteenth century; a Nicolas le Jay, Baron de Tilley de la Maison Rouge, et de St.

Pierre Jay is presumed to have been of the house of Le Jay, of Poitou. There was also an ancient French family in Paris of the name of Le Jay, which formerly distinguished itself in the civil department of the state, many of whom bore the same christian name, as many of the Jays have since done, amongst whom is found, a John le Jay in the early part of the sixteenth century; a Nicolas le Jay, Baron de Tilley de la Maison Rouge, et de St. Fargeau, Seigneur de Villiers, was first President to the Parliament of Paris, in 1636. This individual was the son of Nicolas le Jay, styled "correcteur des Comptes a Paris."''

Of Pierre Jay, IMr. Renwick in his life of John Jay, remarks :

» In the town records of Westchester, occurs the following^ entry : " Baptised by Mr. John Bartow, rector of Westchester parish, in the parish church in the town aforesaid, the eighth of August, 1703, Sarah Budd, the wife of Joseph Budd of Rye, in the county of Westchester, and their son Joseph Budd, aged eleven months, also.

b Hist. Geuealogique et Chronologique par le P. Anselme, 1731, vol. ix. 304. The arms borne by Nicolas le Jay, were " D'azur au chevron d'or, accompagne en chef de deux etoiles de memo en point, d'un mouton passant d'argent. The arms of Pierre le Jay the Huguenot, closely resemble the former, viz. : '< d'azur au chevron d'or, en chef demi soleil splendant, entre deux etoiles de meme en point, a roc propre surmonte par oiseaux. Crest, deux coeurs unis.

Geuealogique et Chronologique par le P. Anselme, 1731, vol. ix. 304. The arms borne by Nicolas le Jay, were " D'azur au chevron d'or, accompagne en chef de deux etoiles de memo en point, d'un mouton passant d'argent. The arms of Pierre le Jay the Huguenot, closely resemble the former, viz. : '< d'azur au chevron d'or, en chef demi soleil splendant, entre deux etoiles de meme en point, a roc propre surmonte par oiseaux. Crest, deux coeurs unis.

Vol. H. U

82 HISTORY OF THE

"he was a native of Fiance, and resided in the city of La Rochelle, his business was that of a merchant, and from collateral facts, we have reason to believe that he was both wealthy and enterprising. Like many of the most industrious and most respectable inhabitants in that part of the country, he was a Protestant, and doomed as we shall see, to undergo much trouble and persecution on account of his religion. He seems to have had a sort of presentiment, probably derived from the grov/- ing disfavor of the Protestants in the sight of the government, that it would at some time or other, be necessary for him to sacrifice both country and property, on account of his religion. On this account, he determined to send one of his sons to England to acquire a knowledge of that language, and be educated there. His eldest son was the one chosen for this purpose, but he unfortunately died on the voyage. With great promptness, the father sent his second son, Augustus, who was then barely twelve years old, to take his place. This happened A. D. 1677. The troubles and persecutions wliich Mr. Jay seemed to have foreseen, and which preceded the revocation of the Edict of Nantes, now commenced, and in January, 1(385, the Protestant church at Rochelle was pulled down, pursuant to a decree passed at that time.

His eldest son was the one chosen for this purpose, but he unfortunately died on the voyage. With great promptness, the father sent his second son, Augustus, who was then barely twelve years old, to take his place. This happened A. D. 1677. The troubles and persecutions wliich Mr. Jay seemed to have foreseen, and which preceded the revocation of the Edict of Nantes, now commenced, and in January, 1(385, the Protestant church at Rochelle was pulled down, pursuant to a decree passed at that time. Finding that the Protestants still continued the exercise of their religion, and were i:ot to be forced to change it by any ordinary means, a regiment of dragoons was despatched to that portion of the country, and quartered upon the Protestant inhabitants. "VVe have full evidence that these armed missionaries had free license to make their hosts as uncomfortable as possible, and were encouraged to practice upon them those insults so easily perpetrated by unrestrained and licentious soldiery.

We can easily im.agine what must have been the situation of a pious family, and what the feelings of a husband and a father under such circumstances. Mr. Jay determined that those nearest and dearest to him should no longer be exposed to insult and contamination ; and, finding a safe opportunity, he secretly sent his family, together with several articles of value, on board a vessel bound for England. This vessel arrived in safety. The departure of his family did not long remain undiscovered ; and

We can easily im.agine what must have been the situation of a pious family, and what the feelings of a husband and a father under such circumstances. Mr. Jay determined that those nearest and dearest to him should no longer be exposed to insult and contamination ; and, finding a safe opportunity, he secretly sent his family, together with several articles of value, on board a vessel bound for England. This vessel arrived in safety. The departure of his family did not long remain undiscovered ; and

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER, , 83

causing suspicion of his own intention, he was arrested and thrown into prison. From thence by the intervention of some worthy Catholic friends he was rescued ; when foreseeing that France was no longer a residence for him, he determined to leave it for ever. But first it was necessary to raise funds for the support of himself and family in a strange land ; this he dared not do by turning any of his French property into money lest his motives should be surmised, and a second arrest should follow. At this time, several of his ships were expected to arrive. He gave secret orders to one of the pilots of the port, to bring the first of his ships that should arrive, to anchor at some distance, and not come up to the town. The first of his vessels that made its appearance was from a Spanish port, laded chiefly with iron ; and fortunately, both for his honor and his future means of living, both ship and cargo belonged entirely to himself. The pilot faithful to his instructions, anchored the vessel in the place determined on. With his assistance, Mr. Jay embarked and sailed immediately for England. He arrived in safety, and happy must have been the meeting between him and his family.

The first of his vessels that made its appearance was from a Spanish port, laded chiefly with iron ; and fortunately, both for his honor and his future means of living, both ship and cargo belonged entirely to himself. The pilot faithful to his instructions, anchored the vessel in the place determined on. With his assistance, Mr. Jay embarked and sailed immediately for England. He arrived in safety, and happy must have been the meeting between him and his family. They were now out of danger, free from persecution, and in the enjoyment of their chosen religion ; and, although their means were not so great as formerly, yet they still had a sufficiency.

On his escape from France being made public, all his property was confiscated, and never was returned so as to be of any use either to him or to his children. But one thing marred their happiness, this was their uncertainty as to what would be the fate of iheir second, now their eldest son, who was at that time probably in Africa, on commercial business of his father's. This son, Augustus, the grandfather of John Jay, returned (not knowing of his parent's escape) to Rochelle. Thence, facilitated by the kindness of his friends, he managed to procure a passage to Charleston, S. C. ; for he also, like his parents, was resolute in sacrificing everything for his religion. From Charleston, driven by a climate unhealthy even to natives, and doubly so to foreigners, he travelled to Philadelphia; but, finding in that city, then an infimt state, no field for the exercise of commerce, to which businoss he had been brought up, he made his way to

Thence, facilitated by the kindness of his friends, he managed to procure a passage to Charleston, S. C. ; for he also, like his parents, was resolute in sacrificing everything for his religion. From Charleston, driven by a climate unhealthy even to natives, and doubly so to foreigners, he travelled to Philadelphia; but, finding in that city, then an infimt state, no field for the exercise of commerce, to which businoss he had been brought up, he made his way to

84 HISTORY OF THE

New York. Here he not only found occupation, but friend?, driven like himself, by persecution, to carry the arts and industry of France to other shores. Here also he found churches built and attended by French refugees, and a service performed in liis own language. Finding that his success in life must wholly depend upon his own exertions, he applied himself with diligence and skill to business, and followed for many years the calling of a supercargo. During this time he both heard from his parents and made them acquainted with his welfares- Leaving his fortunes for a while, we turn to those of his younger brother, Tsaac. At this time the war between William of Orange, and James H, of England was in progress, and a regiment of French refugees was enrolled by the former to assist in driving from Ireland his catholic competitor for the throne. Into this regiment Isaac entered, impelled by the ardor of youth, and no doubt not a little by the recollection of the many insults and injuries he and his fomily had received at the hands of those who professed the Romisli religion. He sealed his conviction of the justice of his own cause with his blood, and died not long after the battle of the Boyne, from the effects of wounds received in that engagement.

Into this regiment Isaac entered, impelled by the ardor of youth, and no doubt not a little by the recollection of the many insults and injuries he and his fomily had received at the hands of those who professed the Romisli religion. He sealed his conviction of the justice of his own cause with his blood, and died not long after the battle of the Boyne, from the effects of wounds received in that engagement.

In the year 1692, Augustus, while pursuing his commercial avocations, started on a voyage from New York to Hamburg ; on the passage tlie vessel was captured by a French privateer, and carried into St. Maloes. He, with other prisoners was confined, not very closely as it appears by subsequent events, in a fortress about 15 miles from that place. While there, news arrived of the battle of La Hogue, and the prisoners were ordered into closer confinement. They in some way received news of this order, and determined before it was put in force to effect their escape. Accordingly, on the evening that was to precede their imprisonment, Augustus and some of his companions succeeded in scaling

» On tlie 4th of March, 1686, letters of deniziition were granted to Augustus Jay. Upon the 29th of Sept. 1698, King William the third by his royal letters patent, granted to Augustus Jay, " all the rights and privileges of a native born English subject." Augustus Jay was admitted to the freedom of the city of New York, by the mayor and Aldermen, on the 27th January, 1700. From the orlguial documents in possession of the Hon. William Jay.

» On tlie 4th of March, 1686, letters of deniziition were granted to Augustus Jay. Upon the 29th of Sept. 1698, King William the third by his royal letters patent, granted to Augustus Jay, " all the rights and privileges of a native born English subject." Augustus Jay was admitted to the freedom of the city of New York, by the mayor and Aldermen, on the 27th January, 1700. From the orlguial documents in possession of the Hon. William Jay.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. . -85

the wall and dropping into the ditch. Whether his friends were stunned by the fall, or recaptnned, he had no means of ascertain ing. He himself, however, got out of the ditcl), took the road and arrived at Rochelle. Here he was secreted and protected by his aunt, until she found means to send him to the isle of Aux Rhe, whence he got passage to Denmark. On Iiis way home he passed through Holland, performed his business there, and then crossed over to England, where he saw his father and sister for tlie first time since their separation so many years before. There was one drawback to their joy, one cause of grief; the mother who had gone through so many trials with them, was no more. The calls of business soon separated this iiappy party, and Au- '^ustus took a last farewell, and returned to his business in America.

A few years after his return he married Anna Maria, daughter of Mr. Balthazar Bayard. She like himself, was descended from a fiiuiily who had suffered from religious persecution. Her great grandfather was a Frenchman, a Protestant professor of theology, in one of the colleges at Paris, who was forced either to give up his religion or leave his country, during the reign of Louis XHI.

The calls of business soon separated this iiappy party, and Au- '^ustus took a last farewell, and returned to his business in America.

A few years after his return he married Anna Maria, daughter of Mr. Balthazar Bayard. She like himself, was descended from a fiiuiily who had suffered from religious persecution. Her great grandfather was a Frenchman, a Protestant professor of theology, in one of the colleges at Paris, who was forced either to give up his religion or leave his country, during the reign of Louis XHI. He chose the latter alternative, and fled to Holland, whence his grandson emigrated to this country.

By this marriage, Augustus Jay found himself surrounded by a numerous and infiaential Dutch connection. In the colony of New York, the descendants of the Dutch were the most numerous class of the population, and they were remarkable for the liberal manner in which they befriended and assisted their countrymen, or those connected with them.

Sooa after his marriage, finding himself in comfortable and respectable circumstances, Mr. Jay sent out for his father and sister ; but the father felt that his declining years would not permit such a voyage, and the sister would on no account leave him. Augustus Jay went on for many years increasing his wealth and influence ; and, after having had three children, all of whom were daughters, he was at last made happy by the bnlh of a son in the year 1704. This son, the fi\ther of John Jay, he named Peter. ]\o other children were born, and Peter therefore, at his father's death, which did not take place until he had reached the age of 84, found himself sole bearer of the name of Jay.

Augustus Jay went on for many years increasing his wealth and influence ; and, after having had three children, all of whom were daughters, he was at last made happy by the bnlh of a son in the year 1704. This son, the fi\ther of John Jay, he named Peter. ]\o other children were born, and Peter therefore, at his father's death, which did not take place until he had reached the age of 84, found himself sole bearer of the name of Jay.

V.

86 ^ • HISTORY OF THE

Peter Jay, like his father and grand-father, was a merchant and followed his business with such success, that at the age of forty he was able to retire and live on the proceeds of his industry. At the age of twenty-four he married Mary van Cortlandt. This lady was the daughter of Jacobus van Corllandt of the Lower Yonkers, by his wife Eva Philipse, daughter of the Hon. Frederick Philipse, lord of the manor of Philipsburgh. Through this lady the Jays subsequently became possessed of the Bedford estates.

Peter Jay, Esq., by his wife Mary van Cortlandt had ten children.

Their eighth child John Jay was born on the 12th of December. 1745, the same year that his father purchased the Rye estate.=>^ At the age of eight years, John Jay was sent to a grammar school at New Rochelle; his instructor being the Rev. Pierre Stouppe, minister of the French Episcopal Church. '• Here he continued for three years, and was then placed by his father under the care of a private tutor, who prepared him for college. The one selected was King's, now Columbia College, an institution that boasts of many celebrated men among its alumni."

Their eighth child John Jay was born on the 12th of December. 1745, the same year that his father purchased the Rye estate.=>^ At the age of eight years, John Jay was sent to a grammar school at New Rochelle; his instructor being the Rev. Pierre Stouppe, minister of the French Episcopal Church. '• Here he continued for three years, and was then placed by his father under the care of a private tutor, who prepared him for college. The one selected was King's, now Columbia College, an institution that boasts of many celebrated men among its alumni."

" In his fourth collegiate year he decided upon the law as his future profession. a At the commencement held at St. George's Chapel, May, 1764, General Gage and his Majesty's council, (fcc, being present, Richard Harrison seventeen years of age delivered the salutatory oration ; John Jay, a dissertation on the blessings of peace." Upon this occasion he received his degree of bachelor of arts.

The annexed sketch of Mr. Jay's subsequent life is from Blake's Biographical Dictionary.

" John Jay, L. L. D., first chief justice of the United States under the constitution of 1789, graduated at King's (now Columbia) College, A. D. 1764, and in 1768 was admitted to the bar. He was appointed to the first American Congress in 1774, Being on the committee with Lee and Livingston to draft an ad-

» Here John Jay spent his boyhood.

>> Compiled and abridged from the Hfe of John Jay by Henry B. Renwick.

" John Jay, L. L. D., first chief justice of the United States under the constitution of 1789, graduated at King's (now Columbia) College, A. D. 1764, and in 1768 was admitted to the bar. He was appointed to the first American Congress in 1774, Being on the committee with Lee and Livingston to draft an ad-

» Here John Jay spent his boyhood.

>> Compiled and abridged from the Hfe of John Jay by Henry B. Renwick.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 87

dress to the people of Great Britain, he was the writer of that eloquent production. In the congress of 1775, he was on various important coumnttees, performing more service perhaps than any other member except Franklin and John Adams. In May, 1776, he was recalled to assist in fiaming tlie government of New York, and in consequence his name is not attached to the Declaration of Independence; but July 9th, he reported resolutions in the provincial convention in favor of the declaration. After the fall of New York, and the removal of the Provincial Assembly to Poughkeepsie, Mr. Jay retained his resolute patriotism. The very eloquent address of the convention to the people of New York, dated Fishkill, December 23, 177G, and signed by A. Ten Broeck, as president, was written by him. March 12, 1777, he reported to the convention of New York the draft of a form of government, which was adopted, and many of the provisions of which were introduced into the constitution of other states. From May 3, 1777, to August 18, 1779, he was chief justice of the state, but resigned that office in consequence of his duties as president of congress. The glowing address of that body to their constituents, dated September 8, 1779, was prepared by him. On the 29ih of September, he was appointed minister plenipotentiary to the court of Spain.

March 12, 1777, he reported to the convention of New York the draft of a form of government, which was adopted, and many of the provisions of which were introduced into the constitution of other states. From May 3, 1777, to August 18, 1779, he was chief justice of the state, but resigned that office in consequence of his duties as president of congress. The glowing address of that body to their constituents, dated September 8, 1779, was prepared by him. On the 29ih of September, he was appointed minister plenipotentiary to the court of Spain. He was one of the commissioners to negotiate peace with Great Briiain, and signed the definitive treaty of peace at Paris, September 3, 1783. He returned to America in 1784. Congress had previously appointed him secretary of state for frreign affairs. In the difficult circumstances of the country, the secretary was in effect the head of the government. Mr. Jay's services were of great importance. He drew up, October 13, 1776, an elaborate report on tlie relations between the United States and Great Britain. Though not a member of the convention which formed the constitution of the United States, he was present at Annapolis, and aided by his advice. He also assisted Madison and Hamilton in writing the Federalist. In tlie convention of New York, he contributed to the adoption of the constitution. He was appointed chief justice by Washington, September 26, 1789. In 1794 he was appointed minister plenipotentiary to Great Britain and succeeded in negotiating the treaty which still goes by his name.

Though not a member of the convention which formed the constitution of the United States, he was present at Annapolis, and aided by his advice. He also assisted Madison and Hamilton in writing the Federalist. In tlie convention of New York, he contributed to the adoption of the constitution. He was appointed chief justice by Washington, September 26, 1789. In 1794 he was appointed minister plenipotentiary to Great Britain and succeeded in negotiating the treaty which still goes by his name.

88 . HISTORY UF THE

He was governor of the state of New York from 1795 to 1801. The remainder of his life he passed in retirement at Bedford, in this county. He died 17th May, 1829. His remains are deposited in the family burying ground- By his wife, Sarah Vanburgh, daughter of ihe Hon. William Livingston, Governor of New Jersey, he left issue two sons, viz, the late Hon. Peter Augustus Jay, member of the State Assembly in 1813, recorder of New York in 1819, and delegate to the convention which framed the late constitution of the state of New York; and the Hon. William Jay of Bedford, for several years a judge of the late court of common pleas in this county ; besides four daughters.

The family residence is situated near the post road leading to Rye at no great distance from the river. The building is a handsome structure of wood, presenting a lofty portico on the north. The south front commands a beautiful lawn, and charming views of the Sound and Long Island. Some highly interesting family portraits adorn the walls of the hall and dining room ; amongst them are the following : Plon. John Jay, first chief justice of the United States, and governor of the state of New York. Head by Stewart, figure by Trumbull.

The building is a handsome structure of wood, presenting a lofty portico on the north. The south front commands a beautiful lawn, and charming views of the Sound and Long Island. Some highly interesting family portraits adorn the walls of the hall and dining room ; amongst them are the following : Plon. John Jay, first chief justice of the United States, and governor of the state of New York. Head by Stewart, figure by Trumbull. The Hon. John Jay sat to Colonel Trumbull (his secretary) for this picture, whilst resident ambassador at the court of St. James, London. The artist subsequently presented it to Mr. Jay.^- Augustus Jay, who emigrated to this country in 1686, a copy from the original, by Waldo ; Anna Maria Bayard, wife of Augustus Jay, by ditto ; Peter Augustus Jay, as a boy. artist unknown ; an old painting upon oak panel, supposed to represent Catharine, wife of the Hon. Stephen van Cortlandt of Cortlandf, South Holland. This lady appears habited in a plain black dress, wearing a high neck ruffle and in her right hand holds a clasped book. In one corner of the picture is inscribed "aetat. 64, 1630."'^

The library contains a large and valuable collection of shells

« This picture has been engraved for Herring's National Portrait Gallery. In the possession of Henry Munro, Esq., is another portrait of the Hon. John Jay by Stewart, in his robes as chief justice of the United States.

b This picture was found in one of the old city residences of the Van Cortlandts.

In one corner of the picture is inscribed "aetat. 64, 1630."'^

The library contains a large and valuable collection of shells

« This picture has been engraved for Herring's National Portrait Gallery. In the possession of Henry Munro, Esq., is another portrait of the Hon. John Jay by Stewart, in his robes as chief justice of the United States.

b This picture was found in one of the old city residences of the Van Cortlandts.

COUNTY OF \VE.-5TCHESTER. 89

amounting to between three or foui- thousand speciajens. John C. Jay, M. D., has pnbUshed several catalogues of the new and rare shells contained in his cabinet. »•

Among other family relics we noticed the gold snuff box presented by the corporation of New York, with the freedom of the city, to his Excellency John Jay, on the 4tli of October, 1784. Also a French bible,i> containing the following memoranda. Auguste Jay est ne a la Rochelle dans le Royaume de France le ff Mars, 1665. Laus Deo. N. York, July ye 10th, 1733, this day at 4 o'clock in ye morning dyed Eva van Cortlandt, was buried ye next day ye 12 en ye voute at Mr. Stuyvesant's about six and seven o'clock."

The situation of tiie Jay property is very fine, embracing some of the most graceful undulations of a hilly district, highly diversified with rocks, woods and river scenery. Contiguous to the southern portion of the estate, and bordering the Sound, is Maree's neck, and the neighboring islands of Pine and Hen-hawk, the latter consisting of seventy-seven acres, A curious phenomenon, called Mirage, is frequently seen from these shores, when the land on the opposite coast of Long Island appears to rise above the waters of the Sound, while the intermediate portions seem to be sunk beneath the waves.

The situation of tiie Jay property is very fine, embracing some of the most graceful undulations of a hilly district, highly diversified with rocks, woods and river scenery. Contiguous to the southern portion of the estate, and bordering the Sound, is Maree's neck, and the neighboring islands of Pine and Hen-hawk, the latter consisting of seventy-seven acres, A curious phenomenon, called Mirage, is frequently seen from these shores, when the land on the opposite coast of Long Island appears to rise above the waters of the Sound, while the intermediate portions seem to be sunk beneath the waves. This illusion is caused by a certain state of the atmosphere, depending chiefly upon its humidity and warmth which changes considerably its ordinary refractive power. In days of ignorance and superstition such appearances occasionally excited a strange interest.

In an opening of the woods on the south east side of the mansion, is the family cemetery.

a See " Catalogue of receut shells in the cabinet of John C. Jay," 8vo. New York, 1835. pp. 56. " Description of new and rare shells with four plates," Svo. N. Y. 1836. 2d ed. pp. 78. " A catalogue of the shells arranged according to the Lamarckian system, together with descriptions of new and rare species contained in the collection of John C. Jay, M. D." 3d ed. 4to. New York, pp. 125, with ten plates.

b The title runs thus, " La Sainte Bible qui contient le Vieux et le Nouveau Testament, par David Martin, pasteur de I'Eglise Walloue d'Utrecht, Amsterdam^

" Description of new and rare shells with four plates," Svo. N. Y. 1836. 2d ed. pp. 78. " A catalogue of the shells arranged according to the Lamarckian system, together with descriptions of new and rare species contained in the collection of John C. Jay, M. D." 3d ed. 4to. New York, pp. 125, with ten plates.

b The title runs thus, " La Sainte Bible qui contient le Vieux et le Nouveau Testament, par David Martin, pasteur de I'Eglise Walloue d'Utrecht, Amsterdam^

MDCCVII."

YoL. II. .12

9^

Here

are interred

ihe remains of the

Jay family,

•which were removed from

the family vault

New York, . -

the2Slh of October, 1S07.

In memory of

John Jay,

Eminent among those who asserted the liberty

and established the Independence

of his Country,

which he long served in the most

important offices,

Legislative, executive, judicial and diplomatic,

and distinguished in them all, by his

ability, firmness, patriotism and integrity,

he was in his life and in his death,

an example of the virtues,

the faith and the hopes

of a Christian. Born Dec, 12th, 1745, Died May 17ih, 1829.

In memory

of Sir James Jay, Kn't. born 27 October, 1732, died 20 October, 1815.

Peter Jay Munro,

who died

22 Sept. 1833,

aged 66 years,

8 months and 12 days.

In

memory of

Judith

relict of John W. Watkins, Esq..

and last surviving daughter of

William Livingston,

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 91

Governor of New Jersej^, who departed this life July 7th, 1843, in ths 83d year of her age. Anchored safe, the weary soul Shall find eternal rest, Nor storms shall beat nor billows roll Across my peaceful breast.

Peter Jay Munro,

who died

22 Sept. 1833,

aged 66 years,

8 months and 12 days.

In

memory of

Judith

relict of John W. Watkins, Esq..

and last surviving daughter of

William Livingston,

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 91

Governor of New Jersej^, who departed this life July 7th, 1843, in ths 83d year of her age. Anchored safe, the weary soul Shall find eternal rest, Nor storms shall beat nor billows roll Across my peaceful breast.

Besides other appropriate memorials to Peter Jay, Peter Augustus Jay, Esq., Mary Rutherford Jay, Margaret Munro, Goldsborough Banyar, Eva Munro, Harriet van Cortlandt and Mary Jay, wife of Frederick Prime, Esq.

The adjoining territory upon the west, constitutes what is commonly called Guiou's neck, a portion of which is still vested in William Henry Guion, son of the late Abraham Guion. This branch of the Guion family descend from Isaac Guion of New Rochelle, the son of Louis Guion who emigrated from England about I687.a The beautiful beaver stream^ called by the Indians, Pockeotessen, rises north of Guion neck, and forms its western boundary.

The Purdy estate is situated upon the eastern shore of Rye neck bordering the Blind brook, (Mockquams). A short distance from the house is the burial place of the Purdy family. Among other memorials is the following :

Joshua Purdy, ob. March 4, 1600,

Mtat, 79. '

On the west bank of the Byram river, which here forms the boundary between New York and Connecticut, is situated the village of Port Chester.'^ This place has grown rapidly within a few years, and bids fiur to rival any on the Sound ; among other causes, its manufactories have contributed greatly to promote this prosperity. These consist at present, of the iron foundry of William Abendroth and company, carriage factory of

Mtat, 79. '

On the west bank of the Byram river, which here forms the boundary between New York and Connecticut, is situated the village of Port Chester.'^ This place has grown rapidly within a few years, and bids fiur to rival any on the Sound ; among other causes, its manufactories have contributed greatly to promote this prosperity. These consist at present, of the iron foundry of William Abendroth and company, carriage factory of

a See vol. i page 424.

b Sometimes styled Stony brook.

« Formerly called Sawpitg,

9§ HISTORY OF THE

Henry Webb, leather manufactory of Edward Field, plane (hetory of Edward Baldwin, piano factory of Mr Holder, lock factory of John Drumgnold, tin factory of Agnr Pixley, hat factory of H. D. Hinman and the dyewood mill of Henry Sandford, besides the manufactories, there are twenty stores doing an extensive business, and a large hotel termed the Pavilion, kept by Mr. George W. Smith, The Byram or Armonck river, which waters this beautiful section of Westchester county, takes its rise from the Byram lake, an extensive sheet of svater fed by the springs of the Comonck or Armonck hills in Bedford. During its downward course, it winds between lofty hills, fringed with copse wood, and abounding with bold projections which here and there break the course of its rapid current. In other places it forms romantic glens, shaded with the wild hemlock and fir. The wooded shores of Byram point, rise directly opposite the village, forming a fine contrast to the western side of the river. The Byram is navigable nearly two miles from its mouth, aff"ording an easy transit from this place for the marketable productioiis of the interior. The sloops at present engaged in this trade, are the William Marston and the Sarah Odee, Messrs.

In other places it forms romantic glens, shaded with the wild hemlock and fir. The wooded shores of Byram point, rise directly opposite the village, forming a fine contrast to the western side of the river. The Byram is navigable nearly two miles from its mouth, aff"ording an easy transit from this place for the marketable productioiis of the interior. The sloops at present engaged in this trade, are the William Marston and the Sarah Odee, Messrs. Peck owners, and the INew York and Washingtonian.

The site of the ancient /er/-?/ across the sound to Matinecock, upon Long Island, was t!ie Horse rock in the vicinity oi Rye Port.

Upon the 18th of July, 1739, King George the second, by his royal letters patent, regulated and established a ferry at this place, to be kept and attended for the conveniency of passing and repassing to and from the land in the tioo patents called Budd's tieck and Poningoe neck, lying and being in Rye, to the island of Nassau, over against the township of Oyster Bay, in the said island.

Which ferry our loving subjects John Budd, Hachaliah Brown and Jonathan Brown, Esqs , propose to undertake and to provide and keep at their own charge and expense, a sufficient number of good and able boats and servants for the due attendance on such ferry, &c., &c., and have free liberty to ask, demand and take for ferriage at and for such ferry, &c., the several and respective fees hereinafter mentioned, &c., viz. for every person one shilling and sixpence, for every man and horse three shillings, for all horned cattle from two years old and upwnrds each two shillings, for all colts and horned

Which ferry our loving subjects John Budd, Hachaliah Brown and Jonathan Brown, Esqs , propose to undertake and to provide and keep at their own charge and expense, a sufficient number of good and able boats and servants for the due attendance on such ferry, &c., &c., and have free liberty to ask, demand and take for ferriage at and for such ferry, &c., the several and respective fees hereinafter mentioned, &c., viz. for every person one shilling and sixpence, for every man and horse three shillings, for all horned cattle from two years old and upwnrds each two shillings, for all colts and horned

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. ^

cattle under two years old each one shilling, for every score of sheep, lambs, hogs and sows five shillings, and so in proportion for any greater or lesser number, for every full barrel one shilling, for every empty barrel four pence, for every full pipe or hogshead six shillings, for every empty pipe or hogshead two shillings, for every firkin or tub of butter four pence, for every bushel of wheat, salt, grain, seeds or any other thing fully measured and sold by the bushel one penny, for every waggon, cart or carriage seven shillings and sixpence, for every pair of wheels two shillings, for every cupboard, press for clothes or writing desk four shillings and sixpence, for every full trunk or chest two shillings and sixpence, for every empty trunk or chest one shilling, for every full half barrel sixpence, for every gammon, flitch of bacon, or piece of smoked beef one penny, for every hundred weight of gunpowder, iron, steel, sheet pewter or lead and iron or iron, copper or brass kettles or pots one shilling and sixpence, and so in proportion for any greater or less quantity, for every such one penny, for every corn fan five pence, for every hundred of shingles one shilling, for every bed, bedstead and bedding together three shillings, for every chair two pence, for every table eight pence, for every saddle without horse three pence, for every gun two pence, for every ease with bottles nine pence, for every frying pan or warming pan two pence, for every looking glass of one foot sixpence, and so in proportion for all other goods for which no provision is hereby made, and also all manner of privileges, &c., &c.

cattle under two years old each one shilling, for every score of sheep, lambs, hogs and sows five shillings, and so in proportion for any greater or lesser number, for every full barrel one shilling, for every empty barrel four pence, for every full pipe or hogshead six shillings, for every empty pipe or hogshead two shillings, for every firkin or tub of butter four pence, for every bushel of wheat, salt, grain, seeds or any other thing fully measured and sold by the bushel one penny, for every waggon, cart or carriage seven shillings and sixpence, for every pair of wheels two shillings, for every cupboard, press for clothes or writing desk four shillings and sixpence, for every full trunk or chest two shillings and sixpence, for every empty trunk or chest one shilling, for every full half barrel sixpence, for every gammon, flitch of bacon, or piece of smoked beef one penny, for every hundred weight of gunpowder, iron, steel, sheet pewter or lead and iron or iron, copper or brass kettles or pots one shilling and sixpence, and so in proportion for any greater or less quantity, for every such one penny, for every corn fan five pence, for every hundred of shingles one shilling, for every bed, bedstead and bedding together three shillings, for every chair two pence, for every table eight pence, for every saddle without horse three pence, for every gun two pence, for every ease with bottles nine pence, for every frying pan or warming pan two pence, for every looking glass of one foot sixpence, and so in proportion for all other goods for which no provision is hereby made, and also all manner of privileges, &c., &c. For which the patentees and their heirs are to pay to the collector generalof the town being, on the 25lh day of March, commonly called Lady-day, the yearly rent of two shillings and sixpence, &c., &c.

For which the patentees and their heirs are to pay to the collector generalof the town being, on the 25lh day of March, commonly called Lady-day, the yearly rent of two shillings and sixpence, &c., &c.

Frederick Morris, Secretary.

The ancient ferry now exists only in name, the present rapid communications with tlie island having superseded this dangerous mode of navigation. The property is vested in the Provoost family. Directly opposite the port lies Minnewies or Manursing Island, separated from the main by a narrow creek on the south-west side. It consists of one hundred acres, divided between the three proprietors, .Joseph Bartam, Mr. Beale and Thomas Theall. Upon the main is situated the tide mill of Mr. Kirby.

A dock appears to have been commenced at or near Rye pori as early as 1679, for in this year we find a grant made by the town to "John Ogden of forty eight or fifty acres of land by the water side at the Fishing- rock, for t!ie purpose of building a house and wharf. The inhabitants of Poningoe neck to have wharfage free." From Rye port a steam-boat runs daily to and

#

from the city of New York. There is also a neat boarding house established here for the accommodation of summer visitors to this dehghtful spot.

The islands called the Great^ Middle and Little Captains east of Manursing belong to this town.

In the village of Portchester is located the Portchester seminary, a large and flourishing institution for the educjition of both sexes. Mr. Edward D. Dow, principal and proprietor. There are also four district and two neighborhood schools.

from the city of New York. There is also a neat boarding house established here for the accommodation of summer visitors to this dehghtful spot.

The islands called the Great^ Middle and Little Captains east of Manursing belong to this town.

In the village of Portchester is located the Portchester seminary, a large and flourishing institution for the educjition of both sexes. Mr. Edward D. Dow, principal and proprietor. There are also four district and two neighborhood schools.

Near the eastern end of the. village stands the Episcopal chapel of St. Peters, a neat and plain structure of wood ornamented with a tower of the same material. The corner stone of this edifice was laid on the 25th of July, 1843, by the Right Rev. Benjamin T. Onderdonk, bishop of the diocese, on which occasion the rector of the parish delivered an appropriate address. There were also present of the clergy the Rev. Messrs. Coit, Harris, Partridge and Todd. It was consecrated to ihe service of Almighty God, Monday, July the 15th, 1844, by the bishop of the diocese. Present and assisting the Rev. Messrs. Coit, Carmichael, Schrocder and Meade, Doctors of Divinity, also the Rev. Messrs. Chauncey, Powell, Haskell, Harris, Ward, Haight. Coit, Bull, Yarrington, Partridge, Meade, Todd, Cushing, Cox, Meade, Halsey and Giiion. St. Peter's is at present a chapel of ease* to the parish church of Rye.

On the same side of the main street is situated the Presbyterian chapel. The erection of this building was commenced May 26, 1830, and completed September, 1833, at a cost of $2100 ; to which a tower and bell were added in the spring of 1840, at an

Coit, Bull, Yarrington, Partridge, Meade, Todd, Cushing, Cox, Meade, Halsey and Giiion. St. Peter's is at present a chapel of ease* to the parish church of Rye.

On the same side of the main street is situated the Presbyterian chapel. The erection of this building was commenced May 26, 1830, and completed September, 1833, at a cost of $2100 ; to which a tower and bell were added in the spring of 1840, at an

a Chapels of ease, according to the original meaning of the term, are not known in this country since tlie Revolution. In England, there is a distinction between a chapel of ease and a parochial chapel of ease. Chapels of ease are founded for the convenience of the people in large parishes in attending public worship, where they live at a distance from the parisli church ; to which however the sac.aments and burials are restricted. Parochial chapels of ease possess the rights of baptizing and burying, but have neither rectory nor endowment. The curate or vicar of both !8 dependent on the parochial minister. To preserve this dependence, a reservation is made of repairing to the parish churcli on the great festival days. Such chapels »-ere built in South Carolina before the Revolution. -- Dalcho's History, p. 267.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 95'

additional expense of $900. It was dedicated to the worship of God, September, 1833, and has ever since been attached to the Presbyterian church of Rye.

At the foot of King street is located the Methodist Epi:t;copal church. This society was incorporated on the 16th of December, 1829. Horace B. Smith, R. Meade, Elisha Halstead, John Seymour and William Fowler, trustees.^'

Such chapels »-ere built in South Carolina before the Revolution. -- Dalcho's History, p. 267.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 95'

additional expense of $900. It was dedicated to the worship of God, September, 1833, and has ever since been attached to the Presbyterian church of Rye.

At the foot of King street is located the Methodist Epi:t;copal church. This society was incorporated on the 16th of December, 1829. Horace B. Smith, R. Meade, Elisha Halstead, John Seymour and William Fowler, trustees.^'

Near the western entrance of the village stands the residence of the Merritt family. Mr. Merritt ihe present occupant, is a lineal descendant of John Merritt, one of the original proprietors of Rye. Of this family was " Thomas Merritt, a cornet of cavalry in the dueen's Rangers, A. D. 17S0. This gentleman subsequently settled in Upper Canada, and held the offices of sheriff of the District of Niagara, and surveyor of the King's forests. He died at St. Catharine's, May, 1842, aged eighty-two.''

King street extends nearly seven miles nortli of Portchester, and finally terminates in the north-west corner of Greenwich township, Connecticut. The surrounding country is a fine agricultural district, embracing some of the finest farms in the county. Among the principal farmers in the vicinity of Portchester are William Bush and James Blackstock, Esqrs.

The border hamlet of Glenville is situated on the west bank of the Byram, east of King street. Here are the grist mill and lead manufactory of Samuel G. Cornell, Esq.

During the Revolutionary war the continental forces appear to liave been frequently quartered in this town. On the 8ih of January, General Parson's bri^^ade were posted in King street. The same year. General Wooster's division retreated as far as Rye neck. Lieutenant Colonel Van Rensselaer also received orders from congress to maintain his station until obliged to retreat upon Rye neck.

The border hamlet of Glenville is situated on the west bank of the Byram, east of King street. Here are the grist mill and lead manufactory of Samuel G. Cornell, Esq.

During the Revolutionary war the continental forces appear to liave been frequently quartered in this town. On the 8ih of January, General Parson's bri^^ade were posted in King street. The same year. General Wooster's division retreated as far as Rye neck. Lieutenant Colonel Van Rensselaer also received orders from congress to maintain his station until obliged to retreat upon Rye neck. Subsequently the enemy occupied this portion of Westchester county, where the soldiers did much wanton mischief and plundered most of the houses. Their principal encampment seems to have been on the high ground between the villages of Rye and Portchester.

Co. Rec Religious Soc, Lib. B. 1.

96 HISTORY OF THE

The earliest record of toicn officers occurs on the 25th of April, 1671. Upon this occasion, "George Kiiiffen and Francis Piirdy were appointed pounders."

"Upon the 3d of October, Joseph Horton, Thomas Brown and John Brondig were chosen town and selectmen for the year ensuing." " 2Slh of Septenriber, George Lane was elected constahle.^^ " 13ih of June, 1691. Mr. Joseph Theall, supervisor." "June 26th, 169tj, Deliverance Brown was chosen constable for the town of Rye, and Mr. John Hoil, recorder.''^

Sig. John Lyon.

Hachaliah Brown. Samuel Kniffen.

The general surface of the town is uneven and stoney.^ The land, however, is under good cultivation. The soil consists of a clay loam. The natural growth of wood is oak, chestnut, walnut, hickory, (fee, on the higher lands, and in the low lands, ash, birch, and maple. We have already shown that it is drained on the east by Byram river, and on the west by Blind brook, both flowing into Long Island Sound.

The general surface of the town is uneven and stoney.^ The land, however, is under good cultivation. The soil consists of a clay loam. The natural growth of wood is oak, chestnut, walnut, hickory, (fee, on the higher lands, and in the low lands, ash, birch, and maple. We have already shown that it is drained on the east by Byram river, and on the west by Blind brook, both flowing into Long Island Sound. Upon these streams are numerous mill seats. Among the principal mineral productions of the town may be noticed Chlorite, i^ '*a soft greenish substance, composed of minute scales, closely compacted together. It differs very little from soapstone," also Tourmaline, in long slender crystals.*^

« Disturneirs Gazetteer of N. Y.

b Rocks containing it are said to be Chloritic.

« See geological survey of the state, 1840,

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 9?

SCARSDALE.

This town is bounded on the north by White Plains and Greenburgh, east by Mamaroneck, west by Greenbnrgh, and south by Eastchesfer and Rochelle. Under the colonial government it constituted a portion of Scarsdale manor, which also, embraced the greater part of White Plains and the townships of North and New Castle.f^

The place acquired its name from the Heathcote family, who originally came from Scarsdale, Derbyshire, England. "More onward, says the learned Camden, (describing that part of Derbyshire,) we see Chesterfield in Scarsdale, that is, in a dale enclosed with rocks: For crags were call'd scarrs by the Saxons." Under the Mohegan Indians Scarsdale is believed to have formed a portion of the Indian territory of Quaroppas, which was ceded to John Richbell by the Indian proprietors in 1660.

The place acquired its name from the Heathcote family, who originally came from Scarsdale, Derbyshire, England. "More onward, says the learned Camden, (describing that part of Derbyshire,) we see Chesterfield in Scarsdale, that is, in a dale enclosed with rocks: For crags were call'd scarrs by the Saxons." Under the Mohegan Indians Scarsdale is believed to have formed a portion of the Indian territory of Quaroppas, which was ceded to John Richbell by the Indian proprietors in 1660.

A. D. 1696. Col. Caleb Heathcote obtained of Anne Richbell, relic of John Richbell, deceased, a full patent right to purchase lands, '■^ which are already included in her husband's sale of 1660.'b

Upon the 30th of March, 1701, occurs the following indenture "between Col. Caleb Heathcote on the one part, of Mamaroneck, gentleman, and the Indian proprietors, Patthunck, Beanpo, Kohawney, and Wapetuck, on the other part,

" Witnesseth that the said Patthunck, Beaupo, Kohawney, and Wapetuck, &c., for and in consideration of a certain sum of good and lawful money to them in hand paid, and secured to be paid, at or before the ensealing and delivery of these presents, by the said Caleb Heathcote, the receipt whereof the said PaUhunck, Beaupo, Kohawney, Wapetuck, &c., doth hereby acknowled^'e themselves therewith to be fully satisfied and contented and paid and thereof and therefrom do acquit, exonerate and discharge the said Caleb Heathcote, his heirs, executors, and administrators have given, granted, sold,

^ The present township was organized on the 7th of March, 1768. b See Mamaroneck, New Castle, &c.

" Witnesseth that the said Patthunck, Beaupo, Kohawney, and Wapetuck, &c., for and in consideration of a certain sum of good and lawful money to them in hand paid, and secured to be paid, at or before the ensealing and delivery of these presents, by the said Caleb Heathcote, the receipt whereof the said PaUhunck, Beaupo, Kohawney, Wapetuck, &c., doth hereby acknowled^'e themselves therewith to be fully satisfied and contented and paid and thereof and therefrom do acquit, exonerate and discharge the said Caleb Heathcote, his heirs, executors, and administrators have given, granted, sold,

^ The present township was organized on the 7th of March, 1768. b See Mamaroneck, New Castle, &c.

Vol. II. 13

m HISTORY OF THE

bargained, alienated, enfeoffed, and confirnned, and do by these presents g've, grant, bargain, sell, alienate, enfeoffe and confirm unto the said Caleb Heathcote, his heirs an<i assignees forever, all our rights, title, and interest in a certain tract of land lying and being in the county of Westchester, bounded as follows : To begin on the w est side at southermost end of a ridge known by the name of Richbell's or Horse ridge, at a great rock, and so to run a north-north-west line to Broncks's river, and on the eastermost side with Mamaroneck river, and from the head thereof to Broncks's river, to have and to hold the said bargained premises, with every of the appurtenances thereunto belonging, to the said Caleb Heathcote, his heirs and assignees, forever; and that the said Caleb Heathcote, his heirs, executors, administrators, and assignees, shall and may at all times hereafter, and from time to time, peaceably and quietly have, hold, use, occupy, and enjoy, all and singular the herein before mentioned bargained premises, with their and every of their appurtenances, without the let, hindrance or molestation of them the said proprietors, their heirs or assignees.

bargained, alienated, enfeoffed, and confirnned, and do by these presents g've, grant, bargain, sell, alienate, enfeoffe and confirm unto the said Caleb Heathcote, his heirs an<i assignees forever, all our rights, title, and interest in a certain tract of land lying and being in the county of Westchester, bounded as follows : To begin on the w est side at southermost end of a ridge known by the name of Richbell's or Horse ridge, at a great rock, and so to run a north-north-west line to Broncks's river, and on the eastermost side with Mamaroneck river, and from the head thereof to Broncks's river, to have and to hold the said bargained premises, with every of the appurtenances thereunto belonging, to the said Caleb Heathcote, his heirs and assignees, forever; and that the said Caleb Heathcote, his heirs, executors, administrators, and assignees, shall and may at all times hereafter, and from time to time, peaceably and quietly have, hold, use, occupy, and enjoy, all and singular the herein before mentioned bargained premises, with their and every of their appurtenances, without the let, hindrance or molestation of them the said proprietors, their heirs or assignees. In witness whereof they have hereunto set their hands and seals, the day above written.*

Signed sealed and delivered in presence of us,

Ann Mullington, Patthunck,

Benj. Collier, Beaupo,

John Cooke, Cohawney,

The mark of Wapetuck,

Kaokquerin Womatera.

Upon the 2lst of March, 1701, the extensive purchases of Colonel Caleb Heaihcote in Westchester county were erected into the lordship and manor of Scarsdale. to be holden of the king in free and common soccage, its lord yielding and rendering therefor annual!}'', upon the festival of the Nativity, five pounds current money of New York, &c.

Signed sealed and delivered in presence of us,

Ann Mullington, Patthunck,

Benj. Collier, Beaupo,

John Cooke, Cohawney,

The mark of Wapetuck,

Kaokquerin Womatera.

Upon the 2lst of March, 1701, the extensive purchases of Colonel Caleb Heaihcote in Westchester county were erected into the lordship and manor of Scarsdale. to be holden of the king in free and common soccage, its lord yielding and rendering therefor annual!}'', upon the festival of the Nativity, five pounds current money of New York, &c.

THE ROYAL CHARTER.

William the Third, by the grace of God, of England, Scotland, France and Ireland, King, Defender of the Faith, &c. to all to whom these presents shall come, sendelh greeting : Whereas our loving subject Caleb Heathcote, Esquire, hath petitioned the Honorable John Nanfan, our Lieutenant-Governor and Commander-in-chief of the Province of JSew York in America, and our Council of the said Province, for a confirmation of a tract of land in the county of Westchester, beginning at a marked tree by Mamaroneck river, which is the eastermost side of the northern bounds of Mamaroneck township, being about two miles from the county road, and to run along the said river to the

From the original, in possession of the Rt. Rev. W. Heathcote de Lancey.

. COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 599

head thereof, and thence in a north line until eighteen miles from said marked tree is completed, westerly at the marked tree or a great rock, being the westermost part of the said northern bounds of the aforesaid township being about two miles from the county road, and thence to run northerly eighteen miles as ye line on ye eastermost side of the said land runneth, including in ye said manor his eighth part of the two miles laid out for ye town of Mamaroneck, with ye lott he now livelh on, and ye lott bought of Alice Hatfield, with the lands and meadows below, westerly to a path to him belonging by virtue of his deeds and conveyances, part of which land within the bounds aforesaid was purchased by John Richbell from ye native Indian proprietors, which said John Richbell had a grant and confirmation for ye same from Francis Lovelace, late Governor of our said Province, and ye right of ye said John Richbell therein is legally vested in ye said Caleb Heathcote, and other parts have been purchased by ye said Caleb Heathcote of ye native Indian proprietors, and whereas the said Caleb Heathcote hath further petitioned our said Lieutenant Governor and Council that the said tract of land may be erejted into a manor by ye name of ye manor of Scarsdale, whereupon our said Lieutenant Governor, by and with the advice of our Council, directed a writ to the high sheriff of the said county of Westchester to inquire to what damage such patent would be, which writ issued accordingly with a proviso that it should not give the said Caleb Heathcote any further title than which he already hath to ye land called White Plains, which is in dispute between ye said Caleb Heathcote and some of ye inhabitants of ye town of Rye, whereupon ye said sheriff returned that ye jurors found that there is no damage to ye King or his subjects in erecting the manor aforesaid, except ye said White Plains which are in dispute and contest between ye said Caleb Heathcote and ye town of Rye, and excepting James Mott and ye rest of ye purchasers of Mamaroneck which have deed within ye patent of Richbell, Know ye that of our special grace, certain knowledge and mere motion, we have given, granted, ratified and confirmed, and by these presents do for us, our heirs and successors, give, grant, ratify and confirm unto ye said Caleb Heathcote, his heirs and assignees, all and every ye aforesaid tracts and parcels of land and meadow within ye respective limits and bounds before mentioned and expressed, together with all and every the messuages, tenements, buildings, barns, houses, out-houses, fences, orchards, gardens, pastures, meadows, marshes, swamps, pools, ponds, waters, water-courses, woods, under-woods, trees, timbers, quarries, runs, rivers, rivulets, brooks, lakes, streams, creeks, harbours, beaches, bays, islands, ferries, fishing, fowling, hunting and hawking, mines, minerals, (royal mines only excepted,) and all the rights, members, liberties, privileges, jurisdictions, royalties, hereditaments, profits, benefits, advantages and appurtenances whatsoever to aforesaid several and respective tracts and parcels of lands and meadow belonging or in any ways appertaining or accepted, reputed, taken, known or occupied as part, parcel, or member thereof to have and to hold all the aforesaid several and respective tracts, parcels of land and mea»-

head thereof, and thence in a north line until eighteen miles from said marked tree is completed, westerly at the marked tree or a great rock, being the westermost part of the said northern bounds of the aforesaid township being about two miles from the county road, and thence to run northerly eighteen miles as ye line on ye eastermost side of the said land runneth, including in ye said manor his eighth part of the two miles laid out for ye town of Mamaroneck, with ye lott he now livelh on, and ye lott bought of Alice Hatfield, with the lands and meadows below, westerly to a path to him belonging by virtue of his deeds and conveyances, part of which land within the bounds aforesaid was purchased by John Richbell from ye native Indian proprietors, which said John Richbell had a grant and confirmation for ye same from Francis Lovelace, late Governor of our said Province, and ye right of ye said John Richbell therein is legally vested in ye said Caleb Heathcote, and other parts have been purchased by ye said Caleb Heathcote of ye native Indian proprietors, and whereas the said Caleb Heathcote hath further petitioned our said Lieutenant Governor and Council that the said tract of land may be erejted into a manor by ye name of ye manor of Scarsdale, whereupon our said Lieutenant Governor, by and with the advice of our Council, directed a writ to the high sheriff of the said county of Westchester to inquire to what damage such patent would be, which writ issued accordingly with a proviso that it should not give the said Caleb Heathcote any further title than which he already hath to ye land called White Plains, which is in dispute between ye said Caleb Heathcote and some of ye inhabitants of ye town of Rye, whereupon ye said sheriff returned that ye jurors found that there is no damage to ye King or his subjects in erecting the manor aforesaid, except ye said White Plains which are in dispute and contest between ye said Caleb Heathcote and ye town of Rye, and excepting James Mott and ye rest of ye purchasers of Mamaroneck which have deed within ye patent of Richbell, Know ye that of our special grace, certain knowledge and mere motion, we have given, granted, ratified and confirmed, and by these presents do for us, our heirs and successors, give, grant, ratify and confirm unto ye said Caleb Heathcote, his heirs and assignees, all and every ye aforesaid tracts and parcels of land and meadow within ye respective limits and bounds before mentioned and expressed, together with all and every the messuages, tenements, buildings, barns, houses, out-houses, fences, orchards, gardens, pastures, meadows, marshes, swamps, pools, ponds, waters, water-courses, woods, under-woods, trees, timbers, quarries, runs, rivers, rivulets, brooks, lakes, streams, creeks, harbours, beaches, bays, islands, ferries, fishing, fowling, hunting and hawking, mines, minerals, (royal mines only excepted,) and all the rights, members, liberties, privileges, jurisdictions, royalties, hereditaments, profits, benefits, advantages and appurtenances whatsoever to aforesaid several and respective tracts and parcels of lands and meadow belonging or in any ways appertaining or accepted, reputed, taken, known or occupied as part, parcel, or member thereof to have and to hold all the aforesaid several and respective tracts, parcels of land and mea»-

iOO - , . HISTORY OF THE

dow and premises within the respective limits and bounds aforesaid, with all and every of the appurtenances unto him the said Caleb Heathcote, his heirs and assigns, to the only proper use and behoof of him the said Caleb Heathcote, his heirs and assigns for ever, provided that nothing herein contained shall be construed, deemed or taken to give the said Caleb Heathcote any further title than what he now by virtue of these our letters patent lawfully hath to ye said Wiiite Plains in dispute as aforesaid, nor any jurisdiction within the said White Plains until the same shall happen to belong to the said Caleb Heathcote; and moreover Knoio ye that of our further special grace, certain knowledge and mere motion, we have thought fit to erect all the afore recited tracts and parcels of land and meadow within the limits and bounds aforesaid into a lordship and manor except as before excepted, and therefore by these presents we do for us, our heirs and successors, erect, make and constitute all the afore-recited tracts and parcels of land and meadow within the limits and bounds before mentioned (except as before excepted) together with all and every the above granted premises, with all and every of their appurtenances into one lordship or manor, to all intents and purposes, and it is our royal will and pleasure, that the said lordship and manor shall from henceforth be called the lordship and manor of Scarsdale ; and Knoiv ye that we reposing especial trust and confidence in the loyalty, wisdom, justice, prudence and circumspection of our said loving subject, do for us, our heirs and successors, give and grant unto the said Caleb Heathcote, his heirs and assigns, full power and authority at all times forever hereafter within the said lordship or manor one court leet and one court baron, to hold and keep at such time and times, and so often yearly as he or they shall think meet, and we do further give and grant to the said Caleb Heathcote, his heirs and assigns, all fines and issues and amercements at the said court leet and court baron to be holden within our said lordship or manor, to be sett, forfeited, or imposed, or payable or happening at any time to be payable by any of the inhabitants of or within the said lordship or manor of Scarsdale, or the limits and bounds thereof', and also all and every power and powers, authority and authorities for holding and keeping the said court leet and court baron from time to time, and to award to and issue out the accustomed writs to be issued and awarded out of courts leet and courts baron, and also that the said court leet and court baron be kept by the said Caleb Heathcote, his heirs and assigns for ever, his or their or any of their stewards and deputies, and appointed with full and ample power and authority to distrain for the rents, services and other sums of money payable by virtue of the preinises, and all other lawful remedies and means for the having, possessing, levying and enjoying the premises and every part and parcel of the same, and all waifs and eslrays, deodands and goods of felons happening or to be happening, being or to be forfeited within the said lordship or iTianor of Scarsdale, and we do further give and grant unto the said Caleb Heathcote, his heirs and assigns, that all and singular ye tenants of him ye said Caleb Heathcote within ye said manor shall and inay at all

dow and premises within the respective limits and bounds aforesaid, with all and every of the appurtenances unto him the said Caleb Heathcote, his heirs and assigns, to the only proper use and behoof of him the said Caleb Heathcote, his heirs and assigns for ever, provided that nothing herein contained shall be construed, deemed or taken to give the said Caleb Heathcote any further title than what he now by virtue of these our letters patent lawfully hath to ye said Wiiite Plains in dispute as aforesaid, nor any jurisdiction within the said White Plains until the same shall happen to belong to the said Caleb Heathcote; and moreover Knoio ye that of our further special grace, certain knowledge and mere motion, we have thought fit to erect all the afore recited tracts and parcels of land and meadow within the limits and bounds aforesaid into a lordship and manor except as before excepted, and therefore by these presents we do for us, our heirs and successors, erect, make and constitute all the afore-recited tracts and parcels of land and meadow within the limits and bounds before mentioned (except as before excepted) together with all and every the above granted premises, with all and every of their appurtenances into one lordship or manor, to all intents and purposes, and it is our royal will and pleasure, that the said lordship and manor shall from henceforth be called the lordship and manor of Scarsdale ; and Knoiv ye that we reposing especial trust and confidence in the loyalty, wisdom, justice, prudence and circumspection of our said loving subject, do for us, our heirs and successors, give and grant unto the said Caleb Heathcote, his heirs and assigns, full power and authority at all times forever hereafter within the said lordship or manor one court leet and one court baron, to hold and keep at such time and times, and so often yearly as he or they shall think meet, and we do further give and grant to the said Caleb Heathcote, his heirs and assigns, all fines and issues and amercements at the said court leet and court baron to be holden within our said lordship or manor, to be sett, forfeited, or imposed, or payable or happening at any time to be payable by any of the inhabitants of or within the said lordship or manor of Scarsdale, or the limits and bounds thereof', and also all and every power and powers, authority and authorities for holding and keeping the said court leet and court baron from time to time, and to award to and issue out the accustomed writs to be issued and awarded out of courts leet and courts baron, and also that the said court leet and court baron be kept by the said Caleb Heathcote, his heirs and assigns for ever, his or their or any of their stewards and deputies, and appointed with full and ample power and authority to distrain for the rents, services and other sums of money payable by virtue of the preinises, and all other lawful remedies and means for the having, possessing, levying and enjoying the premises and every part and parcel of the same, and all waifs and eslrays, deodands and goods of felons happening or to be happening, being or to be forfeited within the said lordship or iTianor of Scarsdale, and we do further give and grant unto the said Caleb Heathcote, his heirs and assigns, that all and singular ye tenants of him ye said Caleb Heathcote within ye said manor shall and inay at all

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 101

times hereafter meet together and choose assessors within ye manor aforesaid, according to such rules, ways and methods as are prescribed for cities, towns, and counties, within our said Province by ye acts of General Assembly for defraying the public charge of each respective city, town and county aforesaid, and all such sums of money so assessed and levied to collect and dispose of for such use as any act or acts as the said General Assembly shall establish and appoint, to have, hold, possess and enjoy all and singular the said lordship or manor of Scarsdale and premises, with all and every of their appurtenances unto the said Caleb Heathcote, his heirs and assigns for ever, and that the said lordship or manor aforesaid shall be and for ever continue free and exempt from the jurisdiction of every town, township or manor whatsoever, to be holden of us, our heirs and successors in free and common soccage according to the tenure of our manor of East Greenwich, in the county of Kent within our kingdom of England, yielding, rendering and paying therefor yearly and every year for ever at our city of New York unto us, our heirs and successors, or to such officer or officers as shall from time to time be impowered to receive ye same, five pounds current money of New York, upon the Nativity of our Lord, in lieu and stead of all services, dues, duties or demands whatsoever. In testimony whereof we have caused the great seal of our province of New York to be hereunto affixed. Witness John Nanfan, P^squire, our Lieutenant Governor and Commander-in-chief of our Province of New York and territories depending thereon in America. Given at Fort William Henry in our city of New York, this twenty-first day of March, in the fourteenth year of our reign.

times hereafter meet together and choose assessors within ye manor aforesaid, according to such rules, ways and methods as are prescribed for cities, towns, and counties, within our said Province by ye acts of General Assembly for defraying the public charge of each respective city, town and county aforesaid, and all such sums of money so assessed and levied to collect and dispose of for such use as any act or acts as the said General Assembly shall establish and appoint, to have, hold, possess and enjoy all and singular the said lordship or manor of Scarsdale and premises, with all and every of their appurtenances unto the said Caleb Heathcote, his heirs and assigns for ever, and that the said lordship or manor aforesaid shall be and for ever continue free and exempt from the jurisdiction of every town, township or manor whatsoever, to be holden of us, our heirs and successors in free and common soccage according to the tenure of our manor of East Greenwich, in the county of Kent within our kingdom of England, yielding, rendering and paying therefor yearly and every year for ever at our city of New York unto us, our heirs and successors, or to such officer or officers as shall from time to time be impowered to receive ye same, five pounds current money of New York, upon the Nativity of our Lord, in lieu and stead of all services, dues, duties or demands whatsoever. In testimony whereof we have caused the great seal of our province of New York to be hereunto affixed. Witness John Nanfan, P^squire, our Lieutenant Governor and Commander-in-chief of our Province of New York and territories depending thereon in America. Given at Fort William Henry in our city of New York, this twenty-first day of March, in the fourteenth year of our reign.

In testimony whereof we have caused the great seal of our province of New York to be hereunto affixed. Witness John Nanfan, P^squire, our Lieutenant Governor and Commander-in-chief of our Province of New York and territories depending thereon in America. Given at Fort William Henry in our city of New York, this twenty-first day of March, in the fourteenth year of our reign. Anno Domini, 170L»

John Nanfan.

Col. Caleb Heathcote, first lord of the manor of Scarsdale, was the son of Gilbert Heathcote, Esq., of Chesterfield, (Scarsdale) Derbyshire, Eiic^land, a representative of the ancient family of the Heihecotes of that place.

Autograph and Seal of Col. Caleb Heathcote.

Book of Pat. Alb. Rcc. No. vii, ,926.

102 / • HISTORY OF THE

Concerning this individual, Dunlap the historian thus speaks : ''1 will pause to give some notice of the Caleb Heathcote who became at this time one of the governour's or his majesty's council. He was judge, and a colonel of militia. The name of George Heatlicote, appears among the inhabitants of New York, in 1676, and his property is rated at £2036, which placed him as one of the rich of the time. George died unmarried, and his property devolved to Caleb. Tradition says, that the lather of Caleb was a man of fortune, and mayor of Chester, in England ; but Caleb had two brothers born before him, who, probably, one or both, inherited the father's estate ; both procured titles, and founded fiimilies well known in England. The oldest brother was Sir Gilbert Heathcote, the founder and first president of the Bank of England, and Lord Mayor of London. Caleb, the youngest, had formed a matrimonial engagement with a lady of great beauty, but unfortunately took his elder brother, Gilbert, to see his intended wife.

Tradition says, that the lather of Caleb was a man of fortune, and mayor of Chester, in England ; but Caleb had two brothers born before him, who, probably, one or both, inherited the father's estate ; both procured titles, and founded fiimilies well known in England. The oldest brother was Sir Gilbert Heathcote, the founder and first president of the Bank of England, and Lord Mayor of London. Caleb, the youngest, had formed a matrimonial engagement with a lady of great beauty, but unfortunately took his elder brother, Gilbert, to see his intended wife. Gilbert was struck with the lady's beauty, and supplanted his brother, who sought refuge with his uncle in New York, married a daughter of " Tangier Smith,"a of Long Island, and became a distinguished man in our history He was a sincere Episcopalian, and probably seconded from principle, tlie views which Fletcher advocated from interest, and in obedience to his orders, Heathcote, in his military capacity, had command of the West Riding, on Long Island, and in one of his letters, gives this account of his method of "converting," as my friend Doctor De Kay, from whom I have the extract, says, " military into religious exercises."

The colonel came to America in 1692, as I gather from this letter, which is dated in 1704. and he must have had both influence and fortune to have attained a seat in the council, the first year of his arrival.

He writes thus :--" I shall begin the history of the church from the time 1 first came among them, which was about twelve

Gilbert was struck with the lady's beauty, and supplanted his brother, who sought refuge with his uncle in New York, married a daughter of " Tangier Smith,"a of Long Island, and became a distinguished man in our history He was a sincere Episcopalian, and probably seconded from principle, tlie views which Fletcher advocated from interest, and in obedience to his orders, Heathcote, in his military capacity, had command of the West Riding, on Long Island, and in one of his letters, gives this account of his method of "converting," as my friend Doctor De Kay, from whom I have the extract, says, " military into religious exercises."

The colonel came to America in 1692, as I gather from this letter, which is dated in 1704. and he must have had both influence and fortune to have attained a seat in the council, the first year of his arrival.

He writes thus :--" I shall begin the history of the church from the time 1 first came among them, which was about twelve

» Smith was so called, from having been governor of Tangier, and to distinguish him from " Bull Smith," and ail other Smiths.

To face page lO-J,

PEDIGREE OF Arms. Ermine three pomeis, each

Gilbert Hcathcote, Esq , of Chesterfield in Pcarsdal.

!-ir Gilbert=Hester da. of ance.-tor of UhiiMopher the present Rayner, Esq. Sir Gilbert Heathcote of Norinantnn Park, Co. Rutland, oh. Jan. 25, 17;;2 -r{, a;t. 83.

John, 3b. s. p.

Sai ances the p Wm. cote, 6ley Eng. I

» Smith was so called, from having been governor of Tangier, and to distinguish him from " Bull Smith," and ail other Smiths.

To face page lO-J,

PEDIGREE OF Arms. Ermine three pomeis, each

Gilbert Hcathcote, Esq , of Chesterfield in Pcarsdal.

!-ir Gilbert=Hester da. of ance.-tor of UhiiMopher the present Rayner, Esq. Sir Gilbert Heathcote of Norinantnn Park, Co. Rutland, oh. Jan. 25, 17;;2 -r{, a;t. 83.

John, 3b. s. p.

Sai ances the p Wm. cote, 6ley Eng. I

13, le

Gilbert, William, Elizabeth,

ob. s p. Ob. s p ob. 3. p.

Capt. James de Lanceyof bath, Somerset, aid- T decamp of Gen. Abercrombie, at 'I'iconderoga, July 8, 1*58.

John Peter de Lane

of Heaihcote liill,

Mamaroneck.

Lt. Col James de Lancey.

Thomas James=Mary J. V\

1 Ellison. Bi

of

pr.

Thomas James,

proprietor of

De Lancey neck

Mamaroneck.

102 HISTORY OF THE

Concerning this individual, Dunlap the historian thus speaks : ''1 will pause to give some notice of the Caleb Heathcote who became at this time one of the governour's or his majesty's council. He was judge, and a colonel of militia. The name of George Heatlicote, appears among the inhabitants of New York, in 1676, and his property is rated at £2036, which placed him as one of the rich of the time. George died unmarried, and his property devolved to Caleb. Tradition says, that the father of Caleb was a man of fortune, and mayor of Chester, in England; but Caleb had two brothers born before him, who, probably, one or both, inherited the father's estate ; both procured titles, and founded famihes well known in England. The oldest brother was Sir Gilbert Heathcote, the founder and first president of the Bank of England, and Lord Mayor of London. Caleb, the youngest, had formed a matrimonial engagement with a lady of great beauty, but unfortunately took his elder brother, Gilbert, to see his intended wife.

Tradition says, that the father of Caleb was a man of fortune, and mayor of Chester, in England; but Caleb had two brothers born before him, who, probably, one or both, inherited the father's estate ; both procured titles, and founded famihes well known in England. The oldest brother was Sir Gilbert Heathcote, the founder and first president of the Bank of England, and Lord Mayor of London. Caleb, the youngest, had formed a matrimonial engagement with a lady of great beauty, but unfortunately took his elder brother, Gilbert, to see his intended wife. Gilbert was struck with the lady's beauty, and supplanted his brother, who sought refuge with his uncle in New York, married a daughter of " Tangier Smith, "a of Long Island, and became a distinguished man in our history He was a sincere Episcopalian, and probably seconded from principle, the views whicli Fletcher advocated from interest, and in obedience to his orders. Heathcote, in his military capacity, had command of the West Riding, on Long Island, and in one of his letters, gives this account of his method of " converting," as my friend Doctor De Kay, from whom I have the extract, says, " military into religious exercises."

The colonel came to America in 1692, as I gather from this letter, which is dated in 1704. and he must have had both influence and fortune to have attained a seat in the council, the first year of his arrival.

He writes thus:-- " I shall begin the history of the church from the time I first came among them, which was about twelve

Heathcote, in his military capacity, had command of the West Riding, on Long Island, and in one of his letters, gives this account of his method of " converting," as my friend Doctor De Kay, from whom I have the extract, says, " military into religious exercises."

The colonel came to America in 1692, as I gather from this letter, which is dated in 1704. and he must have had both influence and fortune to have attained a seat in the council, the first year of his arrival.

He writes thus:-- " I shall begin the history of the church from the time I first came among them, which was about twelve

» Smith was so called, from having been governor of Tangier, and to distinguish him from " Bull Smith," and all other Smiths.

OK HKATHCOTE Oh' HIiATHCOTE HILL, MAMAiiONKOK.

.^.,1,.

1. England.Ani., J., o

Mn Peier Je L.nAy^Elijabeil Sv lli.n. Jm. L, Joho.P D

■-Irt

"]■ """" """""■ "'"'"""■ """"JSS,"^ 3^?^^

■4;

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 103

years ago. I found it the most rude and heathenish country I ever saw in my whole life, which called themselves Christian?, there not being so much as the least marks or footsteps of religion of any sort. Sundays were the only times set apart by them for all manner of vain sports and lewd diversion, and they were grown to such a degree of rudeness, that it was intolerable. I having then command of the militia, sent an order to a' I the captains, requiring them to call their men under arms, and to acquaint them, that in case they would not in every town agree among themselves to appoint readers, and to pass the Sabbath in the best manner they could, till such times as they should be better provided, that the captains should, every Sunday, call theif companies under arms, and spend the day in exercise.

I having then command of the militia, sent an order to a' I the captains, requiring them to call their men under arms, and to acquaint them, that in case they would not in every town agree among themselves to appoint readers, and to pass the Sabbath in the best manner they could, till such times as they should be better provided, that the captains should, every Sunday, call theif companies under arms, and spend the day in exercise. Whereupon, it was unanimously agreed on throughout the country, to make choice of readers, which they accordingly did. and continued in those methods for some time."

The following letter is extracted from the MSS. of the Venerable Society for Propagating the Gospel in Foreign Parts.

COLONEL HEATHCOTE TO THE SECRETARY.

, : Manor cf Scarsdale, N'ov. 9, 1705.

Sir:

I am indebted to you for yours of the 11th Jan. and 9th of April, and am wonderfully surprised that the Society should make choice of me for one of their members. It was a very great satisfaction (o me, that any thing I could offer was acceptable to them, and should very joyfully embrace any opportunity of doing service to the Church, and I bless God for it, I am not conscious to myself of ever having slipt one fair occasion therein, when government would give me leave. I beg of you, sir, to present my most humble duty to that honorable body, and thank them for the honor they have been pleased to do me, and may assure them that I shall not only endeavor to give them satisfaction as to any thing they shall desire of me; but if any new matter occurs, which 1 believe may be of service to the Church, I will not fail laying it before them for their consideration.

I beg of you, sir, to present my most humble duty to that honorable body, and thank them for the honor they have been pleased to do me, and may assure them that I shall not only endeavor to give them satisfaction as to any thing they shall desire of me; but if any new matter occurs, which 1 believe may be of service to the Church, I will not fail laying it before them for their consideration. If I mistake not, the several heads you desire satisfaction of in both your letters now before me, are, first, an exact and impartial account of all your Ministers. Secondly, what fruit may be expected from Mr. Moor's mission. Thirdly, what my thoughts are of sending Mr. Dellius into those parts again. Fourthly, my opinion of the Society's having appointed that good man, Mr. Eliaa Neau, as Catechist to the

104 ■ - HISTORY OF THE

Negroes and Indians, and the cause of misunderstanding betwixt him and Mr« Vesey.

As to the first, I must do all the gentlemen which you have sent to this Province that justice as to declare that a better clergy were never in any place, there being not one amongst them that has the least stain or blemish as to his life or conversation, and though I am not an eye witness to the actions of any, save those in this county, yet I omit no opportunity of inquiring into tlieir behavior, both of the friends and enemies of the Church, and they all agree as to the character of the gentlemen : and that they use their best endeavors to gain over the people. And as to their diligence in the faithful discharge of their trust, the Society, I hope, will, in their instructions, have laid down such rules as they won''t fail coming at it without being imposed on.

As to the first, I must do all the gentlemen which you have sent to this Province that justice as to declare that a better clergy were never in any place, there being not one amongst them that has the least stain or blemish as to his life or conversation, and though I am not an eye witness to the actions of any, save those in this county, yet I omit no opportunity of inquiring into tlieir behavior, both of the friends and enemies of the Church, and they all agree as to the character of the gentlemen : and that they use their best endeavors to gain over the people. And as to their diligence in the faithful discharge of their trust, the Society, I hope, will, in their instructions, have laid down such rules as they won''t fail coming at it without being imposed on. Mr. Urquhart, minister of Jamaica, has the most difficult task of any missionary in this government, for although he has not only the character of a very good man, but of being extraordinary industrious in the discharge of his duly, yet he having a Presbyterian meeting house on the one hand, and the Quakers on the other, and very little assistance in his Parish, except from those who have no interest with the people, that his work can't but go on very heavily, as I understand it does: but Mr. Thomas, of Hempstead, having better assistance, the leading men in his parish not being disgusted, are helpful in the work; and having no other sectaries to oppose him by their meetings but the Quakers, makes very considerable progress, as I have been told by some of the most sensible of his pari^h. As for Mr. Mackenzie, he has a very good report from the people of Staten Island, and I shall not fail making further inquiry concerning him, and let you know it in my next.

Thomas, of Hempstead, having better assistance, the leading men in his parish not being disgusted, are helpful in the work; and having no other sectaries to oppose him by their meetings but the Quakers, makes very considerable progress, as I have been told by some of the most sensible of his pari^h. As for Mr. Mackenzie, he has a very good report from the people of Staten Island, and I shall not fail making further inquiry concerning him, and let you know it in my next.

But when all is done, what I can tell you concerning any minister, except in this county, is only by information from others, which is often very uncertain ; for some gentlemen may many times, and very deservingly, have a fair and good character by the generality of their neighbors, and yet at the same time, by one misfortune or other, not perform much of the service of the Church, in which I will give you this plain instance.

There is not any gentleman whom the Society have sent over, that is clothed with a fairer character than Mr. Bartow, of Westchester, and truly he is a very good and sober man, and is extremely well liked and spoken of by his parishioners in general ; yet although he has been three years in that parish, not many are added to the communion, nor baptized, and few catechised ; and if he is directed to send an account how he has advanced on each of these heads, annually since his coming there, it will be found accordingly. For this and many other reasons, I can't help still to be pressing tliat the Society should lay the gentlemen which are sent over under exact rules, and methinks it is no difficult matter to have it ordered so as to know almost as well what is done as if they were present in every parish.

Bartow, of Westchester, and truly he is a very good and sober man, and is extremely well liked and spoken of by his parishioners in general ; yet although he has been three years in that parish, not many are added to the communion, nor baptized, and few catechised ; and if he is directed to send an account how he has advanced on each of these heads, annually since his coming there, it will be found accordingly. For this and many other reasons, I can't help still to be pressing tliat the Society should lay the gentlemen which are sent over under exact rules, and methinks it is no difficult matter to have it ordered so as to know almost as well what is done as if they were present in every parish.

The people of Westchester were very angry with me because I was for

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 105

having this county divided into three parishes, and every minister to have 70/. instead of 50/., and I had brought the county, except that place, to a willingness to have it so, as I formerly acquainted you, and had they permitted that projection to have taken place, it would have been a great ease to the Society : for first, what Mr. Bartow had more than the 50/. he now hath, might reasonably have been deducted at home. Secondly, Mr. Bondet. would have been provided for. And thirdly, one Mr. Morgan, who was minister of Eastchester, promised me to conform ; that there would not have been occasion of another being sent to us, and by that means have saved 50/. a year more at home, and wholly out of all hopes of any dissenting minister getting footing amongst us, and it will never be well until we are in three parishes ; and I shall not fail, when I have a fair opportunity, to push for it again.

Morgan, who was minister of Eastchester, promised me to conform ; that there would not have been occasion of another being sent to us, and by that means have saved 50/. a year more at home, and wholly out of all hopes of any dissenting minister getting footing amongst us, and it will never be well until we are in three parishes ; and I shall not fail, when I have a fair opportunity, to push for it again. And to satisfy you of the reasonableness in what I offer, I believe there has not six public taxes been laid on this county by the Assembly this fifteen years past, but I have been at the proportioning of, and when the places in Ryel parish pay 50/. the towns in Westchester parish were allotted 120/. ; and there are two places more, which, both together, are one third part as big as Rye parish, which are now in neither of them. And now I am on this subject, it comes in course to make out what I told you in my former letters, viz : that there is no parish in the government but what is able to pay twice as much as they do. For Rye parish which is not by one half so large as the least parish established by law in the government here, since my living here, maintained two dissenting ministers, Tiz : one at Rye and Mamaroneck, and one at Bedford, and gave the former 50/. and the latter 40/. a year, which 1 think makes it out very plain what I have ofiered on that head ; and you may be assured I shall omit no opportunity of serving the Society therein. But the work must be done, in a great measure by the minister's taking pains, and bringing the people into a good opinion of the Church, for though the reason hereof is very plain, it must be a business of time to efi"ect it.

For Rye parish which is not by one half so large as the least parish established by law in the government here, since my living here, maintained two dissenting ministers, Tiz : one at Rye and Mamaroneck, and one at Bedford, and gave the former 50/. and the latter 40/. a year, which 1 think makes it out very plain what I have ofiered on that head ; and you may be assured I shall omit no opportunity of serving the Society therein. But the work must be done, in a great measure by the minister's taking pains, and bringing the people into a good opinion of the Church, for though the reason hereof is very plain, it must be a business of time to efi"ect it. We have had it reported that the Queen would be at the charge of maintaining a Suffragan Bishop in these parts. If that was granted, I question not but a great many who have had their education in Boston College would conform, and would be content with the benefices as settled by Assembly, without being very burtheusome to the Society.

I have been so long wandering from one subject to another, that I had almost forgot to give you my thoughts of Mr. Muirson whom my Lord of London has sent for this parish. He has been here about three months, in which time he hath by much outdone my expectation ; having very fully retrieved all that unfortunate gentleman, Mr. Pritchard lost; and if he continues so faithful in the discharge of his trust, of which I have not the least doubt but he will, he'll be able to give as large account of his services as any that has been sent over to this Province. And I must do him the justice to own that he is as deserving of the Society's favors.

He has been here about three months, in which time he hath by much outdone my expectation ; having very fully retrieved all that unfortunate gentleman, Mr. Pritchard lost; and if he continues so faithful in the discharge of his trust, of which I have not the least doubt but he will, he'll be able to give as large account of his services as any that has been sent over to this Province. And I must do him the justice to own that he is as deserving of the Society's favors. For as some of his parishioners told me, and which I know in a great measure to be true, that although they

Vol. IL 11

106 HISTORY OF THE

liave had a great many ministers amongst them since the settlement of their town, yet Mr. Muirson did more good amongst them the first six weeks after his coming than a!l they ever had before. And I question not but when you have the particulars of his proceedings transmitted, 30U will find what I have said of him to be true. As for Mr. Brooks, whom the Society have sent to the Jerseys he has an uncommon good character given him from those parts ; and it is reported of him that he makes wonderful advances for the service of the Church, and I question not but Col. Morris will be very particular concerning him -- that being properly his watch. For though that Province is not above 50 miles from my house, and Staten Island about forty, yet by reason of the difficulty of water passages, I have never been at either of them above twice since my coming to America. And I am now more tied at home with a family, and my private affairs than formerly, for which I humbly crave an allowance.

Morris will be very particular concerning him -- that being properly his watch. For though that Province is not above 50 miles from my house, and Staten Island about forty, yet by reason of the difficulty of water passages, I have never been at either of them above twice since my coming to America. And I am now more tied at home with a family, and my private affairs than formerly, for which I humbly crave an allowance. My principles and natural temper lead me to do the Church all the service I can every where, but I dare not promise for more than this county at present, and my best endeavors in the westernmost towns in Connecticut colony, when the Church is well rooted here. And it has always been my opinion, and is so still, that there is no part of this Province, or even America, that would be of greater use or service to have the Church thoroughly settled in ; for it is not only large in extent, and the land very good, and near the city ; so, consequently, will in time be a great settlement. But bordering on Connecticut there is no part of the continent from whence the Church can have so fair an opportunity to make impressions upon the dissenters in that government, who are settled by their laws from Rye parish to Boston colony, which is about 35 leagues, in which there are abundance of people and places. As for Boston colony, I never was in it, so can say little to it. But for Connecticut, I am and have been pretty conversant ; and always was as much in all their good graces as any man. And now I am upon that subject, I will give you the best account I can of that colony.

But bordering on Connecticut there is no part of the continent from whence the Church can have so fair an opportunity to make impressions upon the dissenters in that government, who are settled by their laws from Rye parish to Boston colony, which is about 35 leagues, in which there are abundance of people and places. As for Boston colony, I never was in it, so can say little to it. But for Connecticut, I am and have been pretty conversant ; and always was as much in all their good graces as any man. And now I am upon that subject, I will give you the best account I can of that colony. It contains, in length, about 140 miles, and has in it about 40 towns, in each of which there is a Presbyterian or Independent minister settled by their law ; to whom the people are all obliged to pay^ notwithstanding many times they are not ordained ; of which I have known several examples. The number of people there, are, I believe, about 2,400 souls. They have abundance of odd kind of laws to prevent any disseniing from their church, and endeavor to keep the people in as much blindness and unacquainiedness with any other religion as possible ; but in a more particular manner the Church, looking upon her as the most dangerous enemy they have to grapple withal. And abundance of pains is taken to make the ignorant think as bad as possible of her. And I really believe that more than half the people in that government, think our Church to be little better than the Papist. And they fail not to improve every little thing against us: but T bless God for it, the Society have robbed them of their best argument, which was the ill lives of our clergy that came into these parts.

And abundance of pains is taken to make the ignorant think as bad as possible of her. And I really believe that more than half the people in that government, think our Church to be little better than the Papist. And they fail not to improve every little thing against us: but T bless God for it, the Society have robbed them of their best argument, which was the ill lives of our clergy that came into these parts. And the truth is, I have not seen many good men but of the Society's sending.

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And no sooner was that honorable body settled, and those prudent measures taken for carrying on of that great work, but the people of Connecticut, doubting of nriaintaining their ground without some further support, they with great industry went through their colony for subscriptions to build a college at a place called Seabrook. And the ministers who are as absolute in their respective pari&hes, as the Pope of Rome, argued, prayed, and preached up the necessity of it ; and the passive obedience people who dare not do otherwise than obey, gave even beyond their ability. A thing which they call a college was prepared accordingly, wherein, as I am informed, a commencement was made about three or four months ago. But notvvitbstanding their new college here, and old one in Boston, and that every town in that colony has one, and some two ministers, and have not only heard them say, but seen it in their prints, tliat there was no place in the world where the gospel shone so brightly, nor that the people lived so religiously and well as they : yet I dare aver, that there is not a much greater necessity of having the christian religion in its true light preached any where than amongst them.

But notvvitbstanding their new college here, and old one in Boston, and that every town in that colony has one, and some two ministers, and have not only heard them say, but seen it in their prints, tliat there was no place in the world where the gospel shone so brightly, nor that the people lived so religiously and well as they : yet I dare aver, that there is not a much greater necessity of having the christian religion in its true light preached any where than amongst them. Many, if not the greatest number of them, being little better than in a state of heathenism ; having never been baptized nor admitted to the communion. And that you may be satisfied what I tell you herein is not spoken at random, nor grounded on careless observation, Mr. Muirson's parish is more than three fourths of it composed of two towns, viz : Rye and Bedford, which were first settled under the colony of Connecticut, and of people bred and born under that government, and some time before my coming, had a minister, one Mr. Denham, and had afterwards two more, Woodbridge and Bowers, at Rye, and one Mr. Jones, at Bedford. And the people of Rye only had of this county the care to provide a parsonage house. And notwithstanding all those great shows of religion, and that a; such times as they were destitute of a minister.

Greenwich and Stanford, the bounds of the former of which places join upon theirs, and the other is not above ten miles distant, where they were always supplied. But they could not be said to want the opportunity of having the sacraments administered to them, yet I believe 20 of them had never received the communion, nor half of them been baptized, as Mr.

And notwithstanding all those great shows of religion, and that a; such times as they were destitute of a minister.

Greenwich and Stanford, the bounds of the former of which places join upon theirs, and the other is not above ten miles distant, where they were always supplied. But they could not be said to want the opportunity of having the sacraments administered to them, yet I believe 20 of them had never received the communion, nor half of them been baptized, as Mr. Muirson will more fully inform you. And now I have given you an account of the state of that colony, what will in the next place be naturally expected from me, is to know my opinion of the best and most probable way of doing good amongst them.

There is nothing more certain, than that it is the most difficult task the society have to wade through. For the people are not only not of the church, but have been and are trained up with all the care imaginable to be its enemies. That to make an impression under all those disadvantages is very difficult, though I hope not impossible. And though, at first view, the pros^ pect of doing any good upon them is very little, yet no doubt but the most proper measures ought to be taken, leaving the event to Almighty God.

Now, to give you my thoughts in what way this great work may best be endeavored at, so as it may be done with little expense. I believe, for the

That to make an impression under all those disadvantages is very difficult, though I hope not impossible. And though, at first view, the pros^ pect of doing any good upon them is very little, yet no doubt but the most proper measures ought to be taken, leaving the event to Almighty God.

Now, to give you my thoughts in what way this great work may best be endeavored at, so as it may be done with little expense. I believe, for the

108 ■ HISTORY OF THE

first step, the mast proper way would be, that one of the ministers in this conntry were directed by my Lord of London to inform himself where there are any in that government that profess themselves to be of the church, and to knovv if they or any of their neighbors have any children to baptize, or desire to partake of the sacrament : and that he will come to the towns where they live, and after having given them a sermon, will perform those holy rites. There need, 1 think, no more be done in this matter for the present. But the society may, if they please, leave the rest to me, and I won't only give him the best advice and directions T can therein, but will, God willing, wait upon him in his progress, and persuade some useful friends along with me. And when this essay has been made, I shall be much better able to guess at the state of that government, and what is fitting to be done nest. Now the person that I would advise them to pitch upon by all means for this expedition, is Mr. Muirson ; he being not only posted next those parts, and so will look less like design, but he has a very happy way of delivery, and makes little use of his notes in preaching, which is extremely taking amongst those people ; and lor argument, few of his years exceed him.

And when this essay has been made, I shall be much better able to guess at the state of that government, and what is fitting to be done nest. Now the person that I would advise them to pitch upon by all means for this expedition, is Mr. Muirson ; he being not only posted next those parts, and so will look less like design, but he has a very happy way of delivery, and makes little use of his notes in preaching, which is extremely taking amongst those people ; and lor argument, few of his years exceed him.

The chief end I have in this projection, is to have the people of that gorernment undeceived in their notions concerning our church ; there being, I believe, fifteen thousand in that colony who have never heard, nor scarce seen a church of England minister. And I have the charity to believe, that after having heard one of our ministers preach, they will not look upon our church to be such a monster as she is represented. And being convinced of some of the cheats, many of them may duly consider of the sin of schism. However, let the success be what it will, to me the duty seems plain. I have not only mentioned this to you, but in my letter to my Lord of London, and shall patiently wait for his and the society's comm.ands therein.

I will now proceed in giving direct answers to the several queries mentioned in yours. Having as yet, only spoke to the first, so shall now take the rest in course. As for Mr. Moor's mission, you will undoubteHly have the account thereof very fully by Mr. Talbot, whose place he supplies having not thought it worth the while to stay at Albany.

I have not only mentioned this to you, but in my letter to my Lord of London, and shall patiently wait for his and the society's comm.ands therein.

I will now proceed in giving direct answers to the several queries mentioned in yours. Having as yet, only spoke to the first, so shall now take the rest in course. As for Mr. Moor's mission, you will undoubteHly have the account thereof very fully by Mr. Talbot, whose place he supplies having not thought it worth the while to stay at Albany. As for my opinion in that matter, I think it is too heavy for the society to meddle with at present, and would properly lie as a burthen upon the crown, to be defrayed out of the revenue here. For their being brought over to our holy faith, will at the same time, secure them in their fidelity to the government. And not only that, but the society will, I believe, find employment enough for their money in sending of missionaries amongst those who call themselves christians, on the coast of America; which I find to be their resolution. And it is certainly the greatest charity in the world, to have the best religion planted in these parts, which with time will, in all probability, be so vast a country and people. But whether the charge of missionaries for converting the Indians fall to the share of the crown or the society, to effect that matter well and thoroughly, those sent

And not only that, but the society will, I believe, find employment enough for their money in sending of missionaries amongst those who call themselves christians, on the coast of America; which I find to be their resolution. And it is certainly the greatest charity in the world, to have the best religion planted in these parts, which with time will, in all probability, be so vast a country and people. But whether the charge of missionaries for converting the Indians fall to the share of the crown or the society, to effect that matter well and thoroughly, those sent

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 109

over on that errand, niust be such as can endure hardships, and are able and willing to live with the Indians in their own country, and according to their way and manner, which are the methods the French take. And 1 believe some of those gentleman who have had their education in the colleges of the north parts of Scotland, being in orders from my Lord of London, may be the likeliest to undergo it. As for Mr. Dellius, I don't think it worth the while in being at any extraordinary charge in sending of him ; because I believe no consideration would make him live in the Indian country. And if he did, he has not the language ; and one that goes on that mission must be a young man, who is able to grapple with fatigues, and will not only take pains, but is capable of learning the language ; and it is a general observation that none are so apt to gain foreign tongues as the Scotch.

Dellius, I don't think it worth the while in being at any extraordinary charge in sending of him ; because I believe no consideration would make him live in the Indian country. And if he did, he has not the language ; and one that goes on that mission must be a young man, who is able to grapple with fatigues, and will not only take pains, but is capable of learning the language ; and it is a general observation that none are so apt to gain foreign tongues as the Scotch.

As for my thoughts of this society's having appointed that good man Mr. Neau, as catechist to the negroes and Lidians, it is undoubtedly a very good work ; and he is wonderfully industrious in the discharge of his duty, and the truth is, takes more pains than he needs, by going from house to house to perform that office. And I believe he would find it as effectual to gain the end, and not the fourth part of the trouble to himself, to appoint set times in having them together at the English church, or at least so many at once as may be proper, and catechise and instruct them. And Mr. Vesey assures me that he shall be very free and willing to let him have the use of the church for that purpose. And now I am on this subject, it will be very proper that the society direct Mr. Cleator, if he comes over, or any schoolmaster whom they appoint in their respective places to catechise and instruct the negroes and Indians ; and that the ministers in their several parishes were desired to send a list of all the slaves or free negroes and Indians, the society would then see how that matter was further worth their consideration.

And now I am on this subject, it will be very proper that the society direct Mr. Cleator, if he comes over, or any schoolmaster whom they appoint in their respective places to catechise and instruct the negroes and Indians ; and that the ministers in their several parishes were desired to send a list of all the slaves or free negroes and Indians, the society would then see how that matter was further worth their consideration.

I did, in my former letters, make mention of one Mr. Bondet, a French Protestant minister, who is in orders from the Bishop of London. He is a good man, and preaches very intelligibly in English -- which he does every third Sunday, in his French congregation, when he uses the liturgy of the church. He has done a great deal of service since his first coming into this country, and is well worth the thoughts of the society. The town he lives in is called New Rochelle, a place settled by French Protestants ; it is comprehended in Mr. Bartow's parish, and contributes toward his maintenance, which disables them, in a great measure, to pay toward Mr. Bondet's, who is in very grea' want. It is true, besides twenty pounds a year, which the people of New Rochelle promise him, and is very ill paid, he has thirty pounds a year settled on him out of the public revenue here, as the French minister in York hath ; but that is paid with so much uncertainty, that he starves under the prospect of it.

Bartow's parish, and contributes toward his maintenance, which disables them, in a great measure, to pay toward Mr. Bondet's, who is in very grea' want. It is true, besides twenty pounds a year, which the people of New Rochelle promise him, and is very ill paid, he has thirty pounds a year settled on him out of the public revenue here, as the French minister in York hath ; but that is paid with so much uncertainty, that he starves under the prospect of it.

Now for a remedy for this poor gentleman, and that he may be made as useful to the church as possible ; if tlie society woul'i "se their interest that

110 HISTORY OF THE

he might have an order from the court that he may not only forthwith be paid his arrears, but that he should afterwards have his money by quarterly payments ; and that, at the same time, he be directed by the Bishop of London, to consult with and be helpful to Mr. Bartow and Mr, Muirson in taking care of the scattering towns of their parishes ; especially Mr. Bartow's, where it is impossible for any one to manage it. And whereas, he has been obliged for his bread, to use the French prayers in his French congregation, according to the orders of the Protestant churches of France, and had that liberty granted him (as he tells me) upon his receiving of orders, it is his earnest request, that he might have directions relating thereunto, wherein he might be required not to use otherwise than the liturgy of our church in any congregations where he preacheth, whether English or French. x'Vnd it would be well that some French common prayer books and catechisms were sent over for that purpose. The reason of desiring an order of that nature is, that it would put the matter out of dispute.

And whereas, he has been obliged for his bread, to use the French prayers in his French congregation, according to the orders of the Protestant churches of France, and had that liberty granted him (as he tells me) upon his receiving of orders, it is his earnest request, that he might have directions relating thereunto, wherein he might be required not to use otherwise than the liturgy of our church in any congregations where he preacheth, whether English or French. x'Vnd it would be well that some French common prayer books and catechisms were sent over for that purpose. The reason of desiring an order of that nature is, that it would put the matter out of dispute. Mr. Bondet and I have gone as far as we can in that affair, and it would spend too much time to tell you what tempests we waded through in attempting it, but if directions came from England about it, none, I believe would be found to oppose it. The ciiief cause of its being hindered with so much heat was, that the French congregation in York were apprehensive that it might be a precedent for them ; and for that reason fired the most ignorant of Mr. Bondet's people, and persuaded them to recant from what they had agreed to. But I must do the most sensible of them the justice, that they hold fast their integrity, and are willing to receive the church.

If this matter goes forward, I expect that the greatest part of the people of New Rochelle will cease their contributions to Mr. Bondet; so I must desire the society to consider him with some allowance in England. And if effectual care could be taken that 30/. is paid him, 15/. sterling more, with the small helps he will have from those who will continue steady to the church, will enable him to maintain himself and family.

If this matter goes forward, I expect that the greatest part of the people of New Rochelle will cease their contributions to Mr. Bondet; so I must desire the society to consider him with some allowance in England. And if effectual care could be taken that 30/. is paid him, 15/. sterling more, with the small helps he will have from those who will continue steady to the church, will enable him to maintain himself and family.

If care is not already taken therein in the instructions which are preparing, it will be of absolute necessity, that the clergy of this county be directed to meet twice at least, annually, and taking to their assistance the best and most sensible of their parishes, to consult of the most effectual ways for settling the church, and to give you an impartial account how the parishes are settled in point of conveniency, and which way it may be better done, not only to make it easy for themselves, but so as the bread of life may be fairly and equally divided amongst their people, that proper measures might be taken, in having it regulated by act of assembly. For if something of this nature is not done, one half the people of the county won't have much benefit by all the cost that is laid out upon them. In the conclusion of your last letter, you tell me that 3'ou had sent some common prayers and catechisms, by Mr. Mackenzy, but do not understand he has brought any ; so beg of you to inquire into that mistake. And in case you send any other books to be disposed, pray let them only be

For if something of this nature is not done, one half the people of the county won't have much benefit by all the cost that is laid out upon them. In the conclusion of your last letter, you tell me that 3'ou had sent some common prayers and catechisms, by Mr. Mackenzy, but do not understand he has brought any ; so beg of you to inquire into that mistake. And in case you send any other books to be disposed, pray let them only be

COUNT Y OF WESTCHESTER. ' ^ 111

Dr. Beveridge's (now Bishop of St. Asaph,) sermon concerning the common prayers, a little book entitled A Christian's Way to Heaven, and one of the lawfulness of the common prayer. No books can be more serviceable than they ; and I would take care to have them scattered through Connecticut colony to both ministers and people, and am apt to believe they would do service. As for the deputation the society now pleased to send me, I am exceeding sorry I can do them no service therein. For the people of this county, having generally land of their own, although they don't want, few or none of them very much abound. There being besides, a settlement belonging to Cil. Morris, and another to Mr. Phillips, and mine, not any that belong to particular men of any great value in the county ; nor are there ten in the whole county but what have been brought over to the church since I came into the province, that truly sir, if we can persuade them to build and finish their churches and schools, help to maintain their ministers and schoolmasters, and fit conveniences for them, it is the most that can be expected till things are better settled, and the church a more firm footing among them.

Phillips, and mine, not any that belong to particular men of any great value in the county ; nor are there ten in the whole county but what have been brought over to the church since I came into the province, that truly sir, if we can persuade them to build and finish their churches and schools, help to maintain their ministers and schoolmasters, and fit conveniences for them, it is the most that can be expected till things are better settled, and the church a more firm footing among them. I have not had the happiness to be in company with Col. Morris since I received the deputation ; but shall discourse with him concerning that matter when I see him next. I could offer some few things more to the consideration of the society, but time won't permit me to enlarge, so I shall reserve it to the next opportunity. So with my humble duty to the society, begging their pardon for the trouble I have given them therewith, I desire to remain, sir, &c. &c.,

Cai.eb Heathcote."-

George Heathcote before mentioned, appears to have been a cousin of Col. Caleb Heathcote; for in the will of George Heathcote of Bucks county, province of Pennsylvania, among other items occurs the following : "I give and bequeath unto my cousin, Caleb Heathcote, of the province of New York, the residue of my estate, and nominate him executor of this my last will and testament. "'^

Col. Caleb Heathcote was also a member of the venerable Propagation Society, mayor of New York in 1711, vestryman of Trinity Church from 1697 to 1714, and upon the incorporation of the borough town of Westchester in 1697, chosen first mayor of tliat place.

Caleb Heathcote; for in the will of George Heathcote of Bucks county, province of Pennsylvania, among other items occurs the following : "I give and bequeath unto my cousin, Caleb Heathcote, of the province of New York, the residue of my estate, and nominate him executor of this my last will and testament. "'^

Col. Caleb Heathcote was also a member of the venerable Propagation Society, mayor of New York in 1711, vestryman of Trinity Church from 1697 to 1714, and upon the incorporation of the borough town of Westchester in 1697, chosen first mayor of tliat place.

The following order suere addressed by Benjaujin Fletcher, cnptain-general, and governor-in-chief of the province of New

« Church Rec. Francis L. Hawks, D. D., vol. i. no. 29. b Surrogate's Office N. Y. No. vii. p. 3.

112 HISTORY OF THE

York, ifcc, fo Colonel Caleb Heathcote, con.mander of a regiment of foot in Westchester county.

"Whereas I am informed that several disorders and misdemeanors are daily committed by the regiment under your command, and no obedience paid to my several orders for prevention whereof, for the future, reposing special trust and confidence in your prudence and conduct by virtue of the power and authority to me given by virtue of their majesties' letters patent under their great seal of England, I have thought fit and do hereby erect, constitute and appoint a court martial in Westchester county aforesaid, and hereby I empower and authorize you, the said Caleb Heathcote, from henceforth and at all times, when so often it sliall be found needful to call the said court martial, which shall consist of you, the said Caleb Heathcote, as president judge advocate, and six at least of the commissioned officers under your command, whereof four to be captains, with full power and authority to hear, judge and determine all crimes and offences committed by any officer or soldier under your command, and sentence to pronounce so fiir as fine or imprisonment or other corporal punishment, as the inerit of the crime or offence shall deserve, according to an act of assembly made and provided against such offenders and criminals, and to cause such sentence to be put into execution according to the rules, articles, and laws of war and arms ; provided always that this condition shall continue in force during this war, or till my pleasure be further known, and no longer.

"Whereas I am informed that several disorders and misdemeanors are daily committed by the regiment under your command, and no obedience paid to my several orders for prevention whereof, for the future, reposing special trust and confidence in your prudence and conduct by virtue of the power and authority to me given by virtue of their majesties' letters patent under their great seal of England, I have thought fit and do hereby erect, constitute and appoint a court martial in Westchester county aforesaid, and hereby I empower and authorize you, the said Caleb Heathcote, from henceforth and at all times, when so often it sliall be found needful to call the said court martial, which shall consist of you, the said Caleb Heathcote, as president judge advocate, and six at least of the commissioned officers under your command, whereof four to be captains, with full power and authority to hear, judge and determine all crimes and offences committed by any officer or soldier under your command, and sentence to pronounce so fiir as fine or imprisonment or other corporal punishment, as the inerit of the crime or offence shall deserve, according to an act of assembly made and provided against such offenders and criminals, and to cause such sentence to be put into execution according to the rules, articles, and laws of war and arms ; provided always that this condition shall continue in force during this war, or till my pleasure be further known, and no longer.

Given under my hand and seal at armes, at Fort William Henry, New York, the 12lh day of September, 1G93, in the fifth year of his majesty's reign, by his excellency's command.

Given under my hand and seal at armes, at Fort William Henry, New York, the 12lh day of September, 1G93, in the fifth year of his majesty's reign, by his excellency's command.

Eenj. Fletcher.

Ill 1715 Colonel Heathcote received the appointment of surveyor general of the province.

Among tlie archives of the Wyllys family in Boston, Massachusetts, there is still preserved a Latin order from the king to Col. Heaihcote, dated London, August 4th, 1719.

The manor house of Scarsdale has been already described in our account of Mamaroneck.

(,^oIonel Heathcote married Martha, daughter of the Honorable William Smith, governor of Tangier. Mrs. Heathcote bore her husband six children ; namely, Gilbert, William, Anne, Mary, Martha, and Elizabeth. On the 29ih of February, 1719, Col. Caleb Heathcote executed his last will and testament in the following manner :

" Imprimis. To his wife Martha he devolved the sole keep-

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 113

ing and management of his children during minority, &lc., and from the moneys in England due to her the sum of £100 to be paid to her annually. Itein. To his eldest son Gilbert he devises his dioelliug house at Mamaronexk, together with the neck of land called Mamaroneck east neck, and all mills, &c., and rights of streams within the limits of Mamaroneck township, known. by the name of the Two Miles Bounds, and also all my lands lying on the east side of Mamaroneck river; and the lands I bought from Anne Richbell, within the county of Westchester aforesaid, running eighteen miles in length into the woods, 1 hereby give and bequeath unto my said son Gilbert Heathcote, one thousand acres, to be laid out by my wife, &c.

To his eldest son Gilbert he devises his dioelliug house at Mamaronexk, together with the neck of land called Mamaroneck east neck, and all mills, &c., and rights of streams within the limits of Mamaroneck township, known. by the name of the Two Miles Bounds, and also all my lands lying on the east side of Mamaroneck river; and the lands I bought from Anne Richbell, within the county of Westchester aforesaid, running eighteen miles in length into the woods, 1 hereby give and bequeath unto my said son Gilbert Heathcote, one thousand acres, to be laid out by my wife, &c.

'^Item. Out of the legacy lately left me by my brother, William Heathcote, in England, I hereby give and devise to my son Gilbert, £2500 sterling. To my son William Heathcote the same ; and to my four daughters, Anne, Mary, Martha and Elizabeth £4000 each.

"His two brothers in-law, Col. Henry Smith and Major William Smith, he constitutes and appoints executors of this his last will and testament.^

The last will of his wife, Martha Heathcote, bears date 13th of August, 1736, by which she bequeaths to her daughter Anne, the wife of James de Lancey, the sum of £1000, also a pair of silver candlesticks, silver snuffers and snufF dish, together with my silver tea pot, silver tankard, and my large coffer. To her daughter Martha Johnston she bequeaths the like sum of £1000, and to her daugliters Anne and Martha all her wearing apparel, Sec.

The last will of his wife, Martha Heathcote, bears date 13th of August, 1736, by which she bequeaths to her daughter Anne, the wife of James de Lancey, the sum of £1000, also a pair of silver candlesticks, silver snuffers and snufF dish, together with my silver tea pot, silver tankard, and my large coffer. To her daughter Martha Johnston she bequeaths the like sum of £1000, and to her daugliters Anne and Martha all her wearing apparel, Sec.

The sons of Col. Caleb Heathcote died in their minority, upon which the manor of Scarsdale, with other possessions, descended to Anne and Martha, their surviving sisters and heiresses. Anne, the elde.st, married the Honorable James de Lancey, lieutenant governor of the province. The children of Anne and the Honorable James de Lancey were first Captain James de Lancey, who greatly distinguished himself as the aide of General Aber-

« Surrogate's Office, N. Y. lib. viii. 234.

VoL.n. . 15

114 HISTORY OF THE .

crombie at the celebrated siege of Fort Ticonderoga, father of the present Lieutenant Colonel James de Lancey, of Somerset, England, the eldest heir male of the De Lancey family.

The youngest son was Major John Peter de Lancey of Heathcote Hill, Mamaroneck, who married Elizabeth, daughter of Colonel Richard Floyd, of Floyd's neck. Long Island. This individual ultimately became possessor of the Scarsdale estates,

John Peter de Lancey, by his last will and testament, bearing date 28th of January, 1823, bequeathed his property amongst his surviving children ; namely, William Heathcote, Elizabeth Caroline, Martha Arabella, Anne Charlotte, and Susannah Augusta de Lancey,

crombie at the celebrated siege of Fort Ticonderoga, father of the present Lieutenant Colonel James de Lancey, of Somerset, England, the eldest heir male of the De Lancey family.

The youngest son was Major John Peter de Lancey of Heathcote Hill, Mamaroneck, who married Elizabeth, daughter of Colonel Richard Floyd, of Floyd's neck. Long Island. This individual ultimately became possessor of the Scarsdale estates,

John Peter de Lancey, by his last will and testament, bearing date 28th of January, 1823, bequeathed his property amongst his surviving children ; namely, William Heathcote, Elizabeth Caroline, Martha Arabella, Anne Charlotte, and Susannah Augusta de Lancey,

Under the Heathcotes and De Lanceys. the Angevines held the farm bearing their name for four generations, whilst the Secor family rented the Hickories.

By a survey and division of Heathcote's lands lying in Scarsdale manor on the 11th of August, A, D, 1774, in the county of Westchester, the property of Caleb Heathcote in his lifetime, and which remain unsold by his descendants since his death, &.c. No, 1, in north division, contained twenty-one lots, and likewise two small lots in the possession of Wilham Barker. Lots Nos. 16 and 17 were controverted lands in this division.

Upon the ivest side of the manor the proprietors appear to have been the Crawfords, Devauxs, Vailes, Gedneys, Angevines, Tompkinses and Townsends, On the east side, the Griffens, Fishers, Vails, Underbills, Gedneys and Crom wells. On the sonth-icest, the Griffens and Barkers.

The surface of this town is undulating and hilly ; soil, sandy and clny loam ; drained, south by the Bronx river, which bounds it on the west. Two small streams called tlie Hutcliinson and Sheldrake, rise in Scarsdale, and flow southerly into the sound. The latter is a tributary of the Mamaroneck river. They are well supplied with all kinds of fresh water fish.

Upon the ivest side of the manor the proprietors appear to have been the Crawfords, Devauxs, Vailes, Gedneys, Angevines, Tompkinses and Townsends, On the east side, the Griffens, Fishers, Vails, Underbills, Gedneys and Crom wells. On the sonth-icest, the Griffens and Barkers.

The surface of this town is undulating and hilly ; soil, sandy and clny loam ; drained, south by the Bronx river, which bounds it on the west. Two small streams called tlie Hutcliinson and Sheldrake, rise in Scarsdale, and flow southerly into the sound. The latter is a tributary of the Mamaroneck river. They are well supplied with all kinds of fresh water fish.

The most prominent features of Scarsdale, however, are the extensive tracts of woodland which completely cover its wild and romantic hills on the west, displaying themselves to great advantage from every part of the surrounding country. The Saxion forest which forms a large portion of this woody district^

Deface page 115, vol. ii. -' ,. '

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COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 115

abounds with foxes, rabbits and other wild game, and retains much of its ancient grandeur.

At the fox meadows, Scarsdale, was born on the 21st of June, 1774, that distinguished individual Daniel D. Tompkins, Vice President of the United States. a- He was the seventh son of the Hon. Jonathan G. Tompkins, by his wife Sarah Hyatt, and grandson of Stephen Tompkins, whose ancestors emigrated originally from the north of Kngland, (during the time of the religious persecution in that country.) and landed at Plymouth, in the colony of Massachusetts ;^ from Plymouth they removed to Concord. John Tompkins of that place, had John born there in 1642, and a daughter, Ruth, in 1640. The Tompkins family subsequently emigrated to Fairfield, in Connecticut. ° In 1649, we find John Tompkins proprietor of lands in Fairfield.

Tompkins, by his wife Sarah Hyatt, and grandson of Stephen Tompkins, whose ancestors emigrated originally from the north of Kngland, (during the time of the religious persecution in that country.) and landed at Plymouth, in the colony of Massachusetts ;^ from Plymouth they removed to Concord. John Tompkins of that place, had John born there in 1642, and a daughter, Ruth, in 1640. The Tompkins family subsequently emigrated to Fairfield, in Connecticut. ° In 1649, we find John Tompkins proprietor of lands in Fairfield.

From Fairfield, the family removed to Eastchester, Westchester Co. The name of Nathaniel Tompkins occurs among a list of the first proprietors of Eastchester, in J665. Of this family was Micah Tompkins of Milford, Connecticut, who secreted King Charles' judges when they fled to Milford. "The regicides Whalley and Goffe, (says Mr. Lambert) lived in the town from the 20th of August, 1661, for more than two y^ars, till they went to Hadley. Here they were secreted by Mr. Tompkins, in the basement story of a shop standing near his dwelling. It is related that Mr. Tompkins's daughters often spun in the shop, and sometimes would sing some poetry which was composed about that time, concerning the martyrdom of King Charles, (in which they are mentioned) which much amused the judges. The girls were of course acquainted with their concealment. ^ After remaining in Eastchester a short time, the sons of Nathaniel and John Tompkins removed to Scarsdale atid Greenburgh, where they purchased lands and permanently settled.

It is related that Mr. Tompkins's daughters often spun in the shop, and sometimes would sing some poetry which was composed about that time, concerning the martyrdom of King Charles, (in which they are mentioned) which much amused the judges. The girls were of course acquainted with their concealment. ^ After remaining in Eastchester a short time, the sons of Nathaniel and John Tompkins removed to Scarsdale atid Greenburgh, where they purchased lands and permanently settled.

" The father of Daniel D. Tompkins was a member of the state convention, which adopted the Declaration of Independence and the first constitution of the stale. He was a member of

■1 The fox meadow estate originally belonged to the Griffin family, and passed from Jonathan Griffin to his adopted son, Jonathan Griffin Tompkins, b Herring's Nat. Portrait Gallery. 0 Shattucks' Hist, of Concord, d Lambert's Hist, of New Haven, 144,

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COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 115

abounds with foxes, rabbits and other wild game, and retains much of its ancient grandeur.

At the fo.v meadows, Scarsdale, was born on the 21st of June, 1774, that distinguished individual Daniel D. Tompkins, Vice President of the United States.^ He was the seventh son of the Hon. Jonathan G. Tompkins, by his wife Sarah Hyatt, and. grandson of Stephen Tompkins, whose ancestors emigrated originally from the north of Kngland, (during the time of the religious persecution in that country.) and landed at Plymouth, in the colony of Massachusetts ;b from Plymouth they removed to Concord. John Tompkins of that place, had John born there in 1642, and a daughter, Ruth, in 1640.

Tompkins, Vice President of the United States.^ He was the seventh son of the Hon. Jonathan G. Tompkins, by his wife Sarah Hyatt, and. grandson of Stephen Tompkins, whose ancestors emigrated originally from the north of Kngland, (during the time of the religious persecution in that country.) and landed at Plymouth, in the colony of Massachusetts ;b from Plymouth they removed to Concord. John Tompkins of that place, had John born there in 1642, and a daughter, Ruth, in 1640. The Tompkins family subsequently emigrated to Fairfield, in Connecticut. <= In 1649, we find John Tompkins proprietor of lands in Faiifield.

From Fairfield, the family removed to Eastchester, Westchester Co. The name of Nathaniel Tompkins occurs among a list of the first proprietors of Eastchester, in J665. Of this flunily was Micah Tompkins of Milford, Connecticut, who secreted King Charles' judges when they fled to Milford. "The regicides Whalley and Goffe, (says Mr. Lambert) lived in the town from the 20th of August, 1661, for more than two ypars, till they went to Hadley. Here they were secreted by Mr. Tompkins, in the basement story of a shop standing near his dwelling. It is related that Mr. Tompkins's daughters often spun in the shop, and sometimes would sing some poetry which was composed about that time, concerning the martyrdom of King Charles, (in which they are mentioned) which much amused the judges. The girls were of course acquainted with their concealment.'^ After remaining in Eastchester a short time, the sons of Nathaniel and John Tompkins removed to Scarsdale and Greenburgh, where they purchased lands and permanently settled.

It is related that Mr. Tompkins's daughters often spun in the shop, and sometimes would sing some poetry which was composed about that time, concerning the martyrdom of King Charles, (in which they are mentioned) which much amused the judges. The girls were of course acquainted with their concealment.'^ After remaining in Eastchester a short time, the sons of Nathaniel and John Tompkins removed to Scarsdale and Greenburgh, where they purchased lands and permanently settled.

"The father of Daniel D. Tompkins was a member of the state convention, which adopted the Declaration of Independence and the first constitution of the stale. He was a member of

■1 The fox meadow estate originally belonged to the Griffin family, and passed from Jonathan Griffin to his adopted son, .Tonathan Griffin Tompkins. b Herring's Nat. Portrait Gallery. <: Shattucks' Hist, of Concord. <J Lambert's Hist, of New Haven, 144,

fM ' HISTORY OF THE

the legislature during the whole period of the Revolution, also for many years first judge of the court of common pleas for this county ; and on the institution of the university, was appointed one of the regents, which situation he held until his resignation of it, in 1808. He died after seeing his son elevated to the second office in the gift of his country.

Governor Tompkins was educated at Columbia college in the city of New York, and received the first honors of his class in 1795. He was admitted to the bar of the suprem.e court m the capacity of attorney, 5ih Aug., 1797.* In 18Ui, he \vas elected a representative of the city, in the convention to revise the constitution of the state ; in 1802, was chosen to the state legislature ; and in 1804, was appointed a judge of the supreme court of the state, to supply the vacancy occasioned by the election of Chief Justice Lewis to the gubernatorial chair.

He was admitted to the bar of the suprem.e court m the capacity of attorney, 5ih Aug., 1797.* In 18Ui, he \vas elected a representative of the city, in the convention to revise the constitution of the state ; in 1802, was chosen to the state legislature ; and in 1804, was appointed a judge of the supreme court of the state, to supply the vacancy occasioned by the election of Chief Justice Lewis to the gubernatorial chair. In the same year he was elected a member of congress for the city, as a colleague of the late Dr. Mitchell. Gov. Tompkins (continues his biographer) seemed to embody within himself, the peculiar characteristics of the citizens of his native state, activity, energy and perseverance, and his talents constantly and variously as they were tried, were always found equal to any emergency. At the bar in the city of New York during the early part of his life, he sustained an honorable rank ; on the bench of the supreme court of the state, amid the bright constellation of judicial talent, learning and eloquence which then adorned it, he was conspicuously distinguished while yet a comparative youth, and we venture to say, that no judge since the formation of our government, ever presided at nisi prius, or travelled the circuit with more popularity. Dignified in his person, peaceful and conciliating in his address, and thoroughly amiable in his character, he won the respect and confidence of the bar, and the admiration of tb.e

At the bar in the city of New York during the early part of his life, he sustained an honorable rank ; on the bench of the supreme court of the state, amid the bright constellation of judicial talent, learning and eloquence which then adorned it, he was conspicuously distinguished while yet a comparative youth, and we venture to say, that no judge since the formation of our government, ever presided at nisi prius, or travelled the circuit with more popularity. Dignified in his person, peaceful and conciliating in his address, and thoroughly amiable in his character, he won the respect and confidence of the bar, and the admiration of tb.e

« As attorney in the court of common pleas in N. Y. and Westchester Co., 26 Sept. 1797 ; coimsellor in court of common pleas, 26th Sept. 1797 ; counsellor in Mayor's court, Feb. 24, 1801 ; counsellor in supreme court, 2 May, 1801 ; solicitor in court of chancery, 5 June, 1801 ; elected representative of city to convention on revision of constitution, 7 June, 1802 ; solicitor in circuit court of the U. S., 1804 ; justice of supreme court, 2 July, 1804, member of congress for N. Y., 1804, judge of district court, March, 1805. -- Editor,

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 117

public. The distinction which he gained in his judicial capacity, soon elevated him to a different theatre of action, the gubernatorial chair of his native stale. (In 1807, when not thirtythree years of age,) he was put forward as a candidate by the most influential of the republicans of that day, and in the mode in which he administered the government he did not disappoint their choice. Those were turbulent times in politics, but like a skilful pilot, he safely and triumphantly weathered tfie storm, i:ot only that which was raging within our own bounds and among ourselves, but a more painful one which was pouring in upon us from a foreign foe.

The distinction which he gained in his judicial capacity, soon elevated him to a different theatre of action, the gubernatorial chair of his native stale. (In 1807, when not thirtythree years of age,) he was put forward as a candidate by the most influential of the republicans of that day, and in the mode in which he administered the government he did not disappoint their choice. Those were turbulent times in politics, but like a skilful pilot, he safely and triumphantly weathered tfie storm, i:ot only that which was raging within our own bounds and among ourselves, but a more painful one which was pouring in upon us from a foreign foe. By his unwearied efforts in repeatedly pressing the subject upon the attention of the legislature, slavery was finally abolished in the state of New York.

The subject of public education and morals, was always near his heart. Tiie benevolent feelings of Gov. Tompkins, prompted him to call the attention of the legislature on repeated occasions, to the abolition of corporeal punishment, and he at length happily effected that of the former; the latter siill remains. So early as 1811, we find him raising his voice in favor of the encouragementof manufactures. In 1812, he prorogued the senate and assembly of the state. In this brief sketch, it is not to be expected that even all the most prominent measures of Gov. Tompkins's administration can be noticed.'"^

We come now, (continues his biographer) to the part which he bore in our late war witli Great Britain, which embraces a most interesting period of his life. Whenever the history of that war shall be written for posterity, his name will fill an ample space.

In 1812, he prorogued the senate and assembly of the state. In this brief sketch, it is not to be expected that even all the most prominent measures of Gov. Tompkins's administration can be noticed.'"^

We come now, (continues his biographer) to the part which he bore in our late war witli Great Britain, which embraces a most interesting period of his life. Whenever the history of that war shall be written for posterity, his name will fill an ample space.

As governor of the state of New York, he had the direction of all her energies, and many and arduous were the duties which he was ordered upon to perform, but those who were conversant with the scenes of that period, will recollect the universal confidence which he inspired in every lover of his country. The following letter, dated a few days after the declaration of war, will show the perilous situation of the state of New York at that time, the condition of the army, and the responsibility he assumed to meet the exigency.

a Herring's Nat. Portrait Galler)', vol. ii.

118 HISTORY OF THE

Albamj, June 28, 1812. To Major General Dearborn,

Sir, your letter of the 22 inst. has been received. I had anticipated your request by ordering the detachments from Washington, Essex, Clinton and Franklin counties into service, and have fixed the days and places of their rendezvous. Upon application to the quarter master general, 1 find there are but 139 tents and 60 camp kettles at this place, and even those I take by a kind of stealth, the deputy quarter master general declines giving an order for their delivery, until he shall have a written order from the quarter master general, and the latter is willing I shall take them, but will not give the deputy a written order for that purpose, under such circumstances.

Upon application to the quarter master general, 1 find there are but 139 tents and 60 camp kettles at this place, and even those I take by a kind of stealth, the deputy quarter master general declines giving an order for their delivery, until he shall have a written order from the quarter master general, and the latter is willing I shall take them, but will not give the deputy a written order for that purpose, under such circumstances. I shall avail myself of the rule of possession, and by virtue of the eleven points of the law, send them off tomorrow morning without a written order from any one. You may remember, that when you were secretary of the war department, I invited you to forward and deposite in our frontier arsenals, arms, ammunition and camp equipage, for self defence, to be ready for defence in case of war, and the same invitation to the war department has been repeated four times since. The United States have now from five to six hundred regular troops at Plattsburgh, Rome, Canandaigua, &c. And yet those recruits are now and must be for weeks to come, unarmed, and in every respect unequipped, although within musket shot of arsenals. The recruits at Plattsburgh, are within fifty rniles of two tribes of Canadian Indians. In case of an attack upon the frontiers, that portion of the United States army would be as inefiicient and as unable to defend the inhabitants or themselves even, as so many women. As to cannon, muskets and ammunition, I can find no one here who will exercise any authority over them, or deliver a single article upon my requisition, neither can I find any officer of the army who feels himself authorized to exercise any authority, or do any act which will aid me in the all important object of protecting the inhabitants of our extended frontier exposed to the cruelty of savages, and the depredations of the enemy.

As to cannon, muskets and ammunition, I can find no one here who will exercise any authority over them, or deliver a single article upon my requisition, neither can I find any officer of the army who feels himself authorized to exercise any authority, or do any act which will aid me in the all important object of protecting the inhabitants of our extended frontier exposed to the cruelty of savages, and the depredations of the enemy. If I must rely upon the militia solely for such protection, I entreat you to give orders to your officers here, to furnish upon my order for the use of militia detachments, all needful weapons and articles with which the United States are furnished, and of which we are destitute.

" You may rely upon the assistance which my talents, influence and authority can furnish, in the active prosecution of the just and necessary war, which has been declared by the constituted authority of our beloved country." ' , ■

From the day of the declaration of the war, the governor entered heart and soul into the prosecution of it, and so continued until its close. Most of the frontier troops the first campaign, were militia, and many of them were marched several hundred

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 119

miles. The quarter master general of that day, refused to make any advances to them ; the governor was therefore placed in the dilemma of providing as well as he could for them, expenses of every kind, or of permitting, them to return home for want of accommodation, disgusted both with the war and the government; lie issued orders for raising a brigade of volutiteers upon his own responsibility, which greatly distinguished itself on the Niagara frontier, and particularly at the memorable sortie from Fort Erie.

The quarter master general of that day, refused to make any advances to them ; the governor was therefore placed in the dilemma of providing as well as he could for them, expenses of every kind, or of permitting, them to return home for want of accommodation, disgusted both with the war and the government; lie issued orders for raising a brigade of volutiteers upon his own responsibility, which greatly distinguished itself on the Niagara frontier, and particularly at the memorable sortie from Fort Erie.

The officers were ail selected by Gov. Tompkins, and their gallant conduct in the field showed his admirable discrimination in this respect. He had previously recommended to the legislature to raise volunteer regiments for the defence of our frontiers and the city of New York ; but by a perversity that seems strange to us at the present day, his patriotic recommendation was rejected. A man of less firmness than Governor Tompkins would have quailed beneath the storm which was raised against him in Albany in the winter of 1S13-14, and the consequence would probably have been that the state would have been overrun by the foe. Not only was the whole western frontier in danger of invasion, but Sacketts Harbor, Plattsburgh and the city of New York. But regardless of censure or disapprobation he called into the field large bodies of militia, and organized a corps of new fencibles for the protection of the city of New York, consisting of one thousand men. In Sej)tember, 1814, the militia in service for the defence of the city amounted to 17,500 men. He was even ready to dispatch a force imder the lamented Decatur for the assistance of Baltimore, which was then menaced with an attack, and iiad not the news of the enemy's retreat been received the succor would have been upon the march to the relief of a sister state.

But regardless of censure or disapprobation he called into the field large bodies of militia, and organized a corps of new fencibles for the protection of the city of New York, consisting of one thousand men. In Sej)tember, 1814, the militia in service for the defence of the city amounted to 17,500 men. He was even ready to dispatch a force imder the lamented Decatur for the assistance of Baltimore, which was then menaced with an attack, and iiad not the news of the enemy's retreat been received the succor would have been upon the march to the relief of a sister state. In 1814, from information received and corroborated by the movements of the enemy, there are suS- cient grounds of belief that one great object of Iiis campaign was to penetrate with his northern army by the waters of Lake Cliamplain and the Hudson, and by a simultaneous attack with his maritime forces on New York, to form a junction which would sever the communication of the states. The exigency of the time, while it subjected the executive to great responsibility,

120 HISTORY OF THE

admitted of no delay. To defeat his arrogant design and save the state from inroad, it was necessary immediately to exercise fuller powers and more ample resources than had been placed in his hands by the legislature. He proceeded therefore to make such dispositions as were deemed indispensable to secure the exposed points against menaced invasion. To effect these objects he found it necessary to transcend the authority and means vested in him by law, perfectly satisfied that the legislature would approve and sanction what he had done.

To defeat his arrogant design and save the state from inroad, it was necessary immediately to exercise fuller powers and more ample resources than had been placed in his hands by the legislature. He proceeded therefore to make such dispositions as were deemed indispensable to secure the exposed points against menaced invasion. To effect these objects he found it necessary to transcend the authority and means vested in him by law, perfectly satisfied that the legislature would approve and sanction what he had done.

In October of this year, Governor Tompkins was appointed by the President to the command of the third military district. He acquitted himself of the command with great ability, and on the disbanding of the troops he received from every quarter letters of compliment and gratitude ; and this was the only recompense for his services in this command which he ever obtained.

During the fall of this year the general government was desirous of fitting out an expedition to dislodge the enemy from Castine in the province of Maine. They had applied to the Governor of Massachusetts to raise the necessary funds for tliis purpose but without effect. In this dilemma the situation of the general government was hinted to Governor Tompkins, who with his individual credit and upon his own responsibilities, immediately raised the money, $300,000, which he placed at the orders of General Dearborn, then commanding in Massachusetts. This noble act of patriotism speaks for itself and comment would be superfluous.''^

" He contributed (remarks the Hon. G. Rathbun) more than any one man in the Union to the success of our arms in repelling- the invaders of our soil, Mr. Tompkins disbursed for the United States very nearly two millions of dollars. Tliis sum was charged to him. Further, he borrowed for the use of the general government more than ore million, three hundred thousand dollars, some of it partly upon the credit of the government, and some of it upon his own responsibility, 6ccJ'^

Rathbun) more than any one man in the Union to the success of our arms in repelling- the invaders of our soil, Mr. Tompkins disbursed for the United States very nearly two millions of dollars. Tliis sum was charged to him. Further, he borrowed for the use of the general government more than ore million, three hundred thousand dollars, some of it partly upon the credit of the government, and some of it upon his own responsibility, 6ccJ'^

• Herring's Nat. Portrait Gallery, vol. ii.

>> Extracts from speech of Hon. G. Rathbun of N. Y. in favor of an appropriatioQ

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 121

" In looking over his military correspondence, it is surprising to see how watchful he was to foster a delicate and punctilious regard to the relative rank of the officers of the militia, so as to preclude any cause of jealousy or complaint. The officers were appointed by the council of appointment, which in the winter of 1813-14, was together with one branch of the legislature opposed to the administration of the general government, and to the prosecution of the war, and it is evident from his correspondence at this period that attempts were constantly made to create discontents, by the recommending of persons for promotion over the heads of those who were entitled to it by their previous military rank; and in turning back to his private correspondence from ISOS to 1811, we are struck with the continual annoyance experienced by him from the intrigues and slanders of political opponents, and at the same time with the indefatigable industry and noble frankness with which he counteracted and exposed them. In the fall of 1814, Mr. Monroe having just been appointed secretary of war, President Madison requested permission to name Governor Tompkins to the senate as his successor.

The officers were appointed by the council of appointment, which in the winter of 1813-14, was together with one branch of the legislature opposed to the administration of the general government, and to the prosecution of the war, and it is evident from his correspondence at this period that attempts were constantly made to create discontents, by the recommending of persons for promotion over the heads of those who were entitled to it by their previous military rank; and in turning back to his private correspondence from ISOS to 1811, we are struck with the continual annoyance experienced by him from the intrigues and slanders of political opponents, and at the same time with the indefatigable industry and noble frankness with which he counteracted and exposed them. In the fall of 1814, Mr. Monroe having just been appointed secretary of war, President Madison requested permission to name Governor Tompkins to the senate as his successor. This offer of what is considered the highest office in the gift of the President of the United States was declined. In the spring of 1815, after peace had been proclaimed, he resigned the command of the third military district, and the President addressed to him a letter of thanks for his "patriotic action and able support given to the government during the war."

"In February, 1817, having received official information of his election to the office of Vice President of the United States he surrendered that of chief magistrate of the state of JNew York." He was also chancellor of the university, and in June, 1820, was elected grand master of masons in the state of New York. In 1821, he was chosen a delegate for the county of Richmond to the convention for framing a new constitution for the state; and lie was afterwards appointed president of this body.

"In February, 1817, having received official information of his election to the office of Vice President of the United States he surrendered that of chief magistrate of the state of JNew York." He was also chancellor of the university, and in June, 1820, was elected grand master of masons in the state of New York. In 1821, he was chosen a delegate for the county of Richmond to the convention for framing a new constitution for the state; and lie was afterwards appointed president of this body. This was the last public situation which he held."a

for the heirs of D. D. Tompkins, delivered in tlie House of Representatives, Feb. 4, 1847. a Herring's National Fortait Gallery, vol. ii.

Vol. II. 16

122 HISTORY OF THE

"Years having rolled away (remarks Mr. John W. Edmonds) since he played so prominent and active a part on the stage, and the party rancor with which he was sometimes beset having been long since buried in the grave of the past, ample justice may now, without offence be done to him who was in every sense of the word,

"A statesman lofty and a patriot pure/' ■

The task, however, of doing full justice to his memory belongs to an abler pen ; but no one is too feeble to admire the elevated patriotism which induced him, at a most trying crisis, to forego tlie honor intended for him by the President, to sacrifice his own health and the comfort of his family to the paramount duty of serving his country in that sphere where he could be most useful, and to offer himself a victim for its safety if it should be necessary ; a!id the indomitable energy which enabled him in less than forty days, without assistance in money from the national government, to bring into the field at various points of danger nearly 50,000 men, organized, armed and equipped, to endure the toil, expense and embarrassment of commanding 20.000 of them in person, and at the same time to administer the government of the state : and in less than sixty days when the national credit was at its lowest point of depression, when the payment of even the interest of its notes could not be provided for, to raise for the public service upwards of $1,000,000.^

The task, however, of doing full justice to his memory belongs to an abler pen ; but no one is too feeble to admire the elevated patriotism which induced him, at a most trying crisis, to forego tlie honor intended for him by the President, to sacrifice his own health and the comfort of his family to the paramount duty of serving his country in that sphere where he could be most useful, and to offer himself a victim for its safety if it should be necessary ; a!id the indomitable energy which enabled him in less than forty days, without assistance in money from the national government, to bring into the field at various points of danger nearly 50,000 men, organized, armed and equipped, to endure the toil, expense and embarrassment of commanding 20.000 of them in person, and at the same time to administer the government of the state : and in less than sixty days when the national credit was at its lowest point of depression, when the payment of even the interest of its notes could not be provided for, to raise for the public service upwards of $1,000,000.^

If it should be asked what was his reward, for his great services to his country, and where stands his monument? the veneration in which his memory is yet regarded by the whole nation, answers that it is erected in the hearts of his countrymen.

" Such honors Ilion to her hero paid, And peaceful slept the mighty Hector's shade. ''(>

If it should be asked what was his reward, for his great services to his country, and where stands his monument? the veneration in which his memory is yet regarded by the whole nation, answers that it is erected in the hearts of his countrymen.

" Such honors Ilion to her hero paid, And peaceful slept the mighty Hector's shade. ''(>

» In consequence of the death of Governor Tompkins in 1825, and of Mrs. Tompkins a few years after, the claim of what was due him in 1824, slept until February 4, 1847, when Congress voted its appropriation to the heirs of Daniel D. T-ompkins. -- Editor. See speech of the Hon. G. Rathbun.

b Some passages in the life of Governor Tompkins, by Mr. John W. Edmonds. See Proceedings of N. Y. Hist. Soc. 1844.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 123

The Hon. Daniel D. Tompkins died at his residence Tompkinsvilie, Staten Island, Jmie 11, 1825, aged fifty-one, and was buried in the vault of Mr. Minthorne, at St. Mark's Church, New York.a His wife was a daughter of Mangle Minthorne, Esq., of New York. His sons were Minthorne, Ray, Daniel, Clinton and Griffin Tompkins.

The Fox meadow estate in Scarsdale passed to the late Hon. Caleb Tompkins, the eldest brother of the Governor, and is nowoccupied by his son the present Jonathan G. Tompkins. The only surviving brother of the Governor is George Washington Tompkins, Esq., of White Plains.

The neighboring property on the south formerly belonged to the Hon. Richard Morris for many years chief justice of the province of New York, from whom it passed to his son-in-law, tlie late Brigade Major William Popham. The mansion erected in 1790, is a spacious wooden structure, and occupies a very secluded position in a picturesque hollow, surrounded by groves of locust trees.

The only surviving brother of the Governor is George Washington Tompkins, Esq., of White Plains.

The neighboring property on the south formerly belonged to the Hon. Richard Morris for many years chief justice of the province of New York, from whom it passed to his son-in-law, tlie late Brigade Major William Popham. The mansion erected in 1790, is a spacious wooden structure, and occupies a very secluded position in a picturesque hollow, surrounded by groves of locust trees. The Bronx enlivens the estate upon the west. Here is situated a valuable mill seat, once occupied by an extensive beaver dam. The calm solitude of this beautiful spot is increased by the overhanging woods and the low murmuring of the river over its stony bed. The graceful hemlock, fitly entitled by Coleridge " the lady of the woods," appears to luxuriant in this vicinity.

Directly opposite to the former residence of the Hon. Richard Morris, a tragical event took place during the Revolution. The circumstances are thus narrated. An officer belonging to Col. Armand's cavalry, went to the village of Eastchester on the Sunday, to have his horse shod. Vincent, the blacksmith, as a matter of conscience, refused to shoe the horse ; whereupon the ofr

a In the cemetery of this parish, around the church, (says Dr. Antfaoa in his Historical Notices of St. Mark's Church in the Bowery,) the governors of three different dynasties, Dutch, EngUsh and American, repose almost side by side. In the Stuyvesant vault, next to Governor Stuyvesant are the remains of the English governor, Colonel Henry Sloughter, who died in 1691. In the vault of Mr. Miathorne, not far distant, the body of Daniel D. Tompkins, a former governor ,Qf th* state of New York, was interred. Parish Annals by Henry Anthon, D. D,

Mark's Church in the Bowery,) the governors of three different dynasties, Dutch, EngUsh and American, repose almost side by side. In the Stuyvesant vault, next to Governor Stuyvesant are the remains of the English governor, Colonel Henry Sloughter, who died in 1691. In the vault of Mr. Miathorne, not far distant, the body of Daniel D. Tompkins, a former governor ,Qf th* state of New York, was interred. Parish Annals by Henry Anthon, D. D,

124 HISTORY OF THE

ficer becoming enraged, drew his sword and struck the nnoffend' ing blacksmith to the ground. In revenge for this brutal assauitj Elijah Vincent, a brother of the smith, concealed himself in the vicinity of the Morris house, and whilst the French officer was passing, on his return from Bearmore's expedition, shot him dead.

The Popham family were originally from Pophara, in the county of Hampshire, England, and spring from Gilbert Popham, of Popham, who in the year 1200 married Joan, daughter and heiress of Robert Clarke, a feoffee in trust for the manor of Popham. They were greatly distinguished by the favor of the Empress Maud, A. D. 1140, and held high and honorable stations in the reign of Henry the third. To Hampshire county they gave several sheriffs.^ Sixth in descent from Gilbert Popham was Sir John Popham, knight of the Bath, lord chief justice of the Q,ueen's Bench, purchaser of the Littlecot estate, Wiltshire, England ; this individual died, A. D. 1607, and his remains repose under a magnificent tomb in the church of Wellington, surrounded by a palisade of wood and iron ; on a tablet are the effigies of himt;elf and Lady Popham. His only son was Sir Francis Po})ham, Knt., of Littlecot, Wilts. This gentleman, together with his son Alexander, became so obnoxious to King Charles the first, that he excepted them both out of the general pardon.

To Hampshire county they gave several sheriffs.^ Sixth in descent from Gilbert Popham was Sir John Popham, knight of the Bath, lord chief justice of the Q,ueen's Bench, purchaser of the Littlecot estate, Wiltshire, England ; this individual died, A. D. 1607, and his remains repose under a magnificent tomb in the church of Wellington, surrounded by a palisade of wood and iron ; on a tablet are the effigies of himt;elf and Lady Popham. His only son was Sir Francis Po})ham, Knt., of Littlecot, Wilts. This gentleman, together with his son Alexander, became so obnoxious to King Charles the first, that he excepted them both out of the general pardon. John Popham, eldest son of Sir Francis, was for many years a gentleman of the household to King James the first. Upon the restoration of King Charles TL, he removed to Ireland, and there purchased the Bandon estates, county of Cork. His only son he significantly named Icabod,i^ (the glory is departed.) Icabod left one son, John, the father of James and grandfather of William Popham of Bandon, whose son was the late Major William Popham of Scarsdale. We are indebted to the New York Express, of September 27, 1847, for the following account of the late Major Popham. " He was born in the town of Ban-

» Robertus de Popham, 1227. Stephanus de Popham, cir. 1428. b The mother of Icabod is reported to have been a daughter of the celebrated Chiif .lustice Bradshavy.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 125

His only son he significantly named Icabod,i^ (the glory is departed.) Icabod left one son, John, the father of James and grandfather of William Popham of Bandon, whose son was the late Major William Popham of Scarsdale. We are indebted to the New York Express, of September 27, 1847, for the following account of the late Major Popham. " He was born in the town of Ban-

» Robertus de Popham, 1227. Stephanus de Popham, cir. 1428. b The mother of Icabod is reported to have been a daughter of the celebrated Chiif .lustice Bradshavy.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 125

don, Cork county, Ireland, on the 19th of September, 1752. He was brought to this country at the early age of nuie years, and his parents having settled in the town of Newark, state of Delaware, it was in that place that he spent his youth, and where he received a finished education. It was his intention to enter upon the holy office of the ministry, but on the breaking out of the revolutionary war, he was fired with military zeal, and accepted a commission in the army, and immediately raised a company in defence of his country.

" His first engagement was at the battle of Long Island, where he greatly distinguished himself by taking prisoner the famous Capt. Rago-, with eighteen more of the enemy. He was then appointed a captain in the army, and having followed the American arms to White Plains, he there again distinguished himself as an accomplished soldier and brave man. As a captain he took part in the battle of Brandywine, and also acted as aid to Gen. Clinton in the northern division of the army, and was also the aid of Gen. Sullivan in his western expedition among the Indians.

Rago-, with eighteen more of the enemy. He was then appointed a captain in the army, and having followed the American arms to White Plains, he there again distinguished himself as an accomplished soldier and brave man. As a captain he took part in the battle of Brandywine, and also acted as aid to Gen. Clinton in the northern division of the army, and was also the aid of Gen. Sullivan in his western expedition among the Indians.

" After the war he resided a few years in the city of Albany in this state, where he entered upon the study of the law, and practised his profession. Subsequently to that time he came to New York, and practised his profession for a few years. In the year 1787 he purchased a farm in Westchester county, upon which he resided for many years, during the v/hole of which time he held the office of clerk of the court of exchequer. He held this office until it was abolished. In 1804, he again took up his abode in New York, where he remained until 1811, attending to his profession, and paying particular attention to the education of his children- He then returned to his farm, and lived there until the year 1836, when the death of his wife^ occurred, and he then returned to New York and resided until his own death.

"He was ever a remarkably religious man, and died at the age of ninety five, the peaceful and happy death of a firm Chris-

In 1804, he again took up his abode in New York, where he remained until 1811, attending to his profession, and paying particular attention to the education of his children- He then returned to his farm, and lived there until the year 1836, when the death of his wife^ occurred, and he then returned to New York and resided until his own death.

"He was ever a remarkably religious man, and died at the age of ninety five, the peaceful and happy death of a firm Chris-

Mrs. Popham was a daughter of the Hon. Ricliard Morris,

126 HISTORY pV THE

tian, and a member of the Episcopal church. He was not, as has been stated, a man of property, though he was always blessed with an abundance. He was a friend to the poor and needy, and derived much of his happiness by doing good. He was the friend and companion of Washington, and claimed as his intimates many of the most remarkable men of his day. He belonged to the old school of American gentlemen, and in mind and body was distinguisiied for activity and sprightliness. He was an accomplished scholar, and in every particular a thoroughbred gentleman. His funeral took place on Sunday evening last, and Bishop de Lancey, an old and well tried friend of the departed, officiated on the occasion. The remains of the deceased were conveyed to White Plains, where, in the little church-yard of the village, they now repose in peace. He lived the life of a noble man, and died the death of a happy Christian -- leaving behind him three children, two sons and one daughter."

His funeral took place on Sunday evening last, and Bishop de Lancey, an old and well tried friend of the departed, officiated on the occasion. The remains of the deceased were conveyed to White Plains, where, in the little church-yard of the village, they now repose in peace. He lived the life of a noble man, and died the death of a happy Christian -- leaving behind him three children, two sons and one daughter."

Major Popham was President of the New York State Society of Cincinnati,a and as the oldest member, President General of

" The following general order was issued by the New York State Society of the Cincinnati, dated New York, Sept. 27th, 1847.

NEW YORIv STATE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI.

General Order.

New York, Sept. 27th, 1847. It has become the painful duty of the vice president to announce to the society the death of their venerable president, Major William Popham, at the advanced age of 95 years. Major Popham was also President General of the General Society of the Cincinnati of the United States.

He was a native of Ireland, and came to this country' previous to our Revolution, and was at its commencement, appointed a lieutenant in the army, and at the battle of Long Island with a detachment of troops under his command, captured and brought to head quarters in this city, a British guard with its commanding officer, and was highly complimented by General Washington on the occasion ; he was afterwards appointed an aide-de-camp to General James Clinton, and subsequently to Baron Steuben, by whom he was much beloved ; he continued in the service till the termination of the war, was a brave and accomplished officer, and a gentleman of considerable legal and literary acquirements. He held for a long time an important civil office connected with our courts of justice.

He was a native of Ireland, and came to this country' previous to our Revolution, and was at its commencement, appointed a lieutenant in the army, and at the battle of Long Island with a detachment of troops under his command, captured and brought to head quarters in this city, a British guard with its commanding officer, and was highly complimented by General Washington on the occasion ; he was afterwards appointed an aide-de-camp to General James Clinton, and subsequently to Baron Steuben, by whom he was much beloved ; he continued in the service till the termination of the war, was a brave and accomplished officer, and a gentleman of considerable legal and literary acquirements. He held for a long time an important civil office connected with our courts of justice. He always sustained the character of the most exemplary punctuality in the execution of bis official duties.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. ISJf

the General Society of Cincinnati of the United States, an office first held by General Washington. As president general he had in his possession the golden eagle of the order, most splendidly set in diamonds. It bears the following inscription : " Presented in the name of the French sailors, to his Excellency the General Washington." This precious relic of the society, goes to his successor in the office. ^

Immediately norih of the Popham residence, is situated the estate of the Varian family. The late Col. Jonathan Varian who greatly distinguished himself in the last war with Great Britain, was the eldest son of Michael Varian, who occupied the homestead in 1775. Michael as well as his brothers Richard and Isaac, took an active part in their country's service, during the revolutionary war. Of this ftimily was Isaac Varian former Mayor of the city of New York.

Immediately norih of the Popham residence, is situated the estate of the Varian family. The late Col. Jonathan Varian who greatly distinguished himself in the last war with Great Britain, was the eldest son of Michael Varian, who occupied the homestead in 1775. Michael as well as his brothers Richard and Isaac, took an active part in their country's service, during the revolutionary war. Of this ftimily was Isaac Varian former Mayor of the city of New York.

In the northwestern corner of the town, lies Morningville, two miles south of White Plains. Here is a railroad station, and the Bronx Powder Manufactory, of the Messrs. E. F. Haubold and Company. There are now in operation four grinding mills, a dyeing house, saltpetre magazine, two coal houses, store house and car house, besides a spacious stone dwelling.

Near the centre of the town, upon what is called the Angevine farm, stands the former residence of Fenimore Cooper, Esq. The house is in the French chateau style, and will excite atlen-

In private life he was respected and beloved by all who knew him ; liis mental faculties were retained with great vigor until the last moment of his life, and died as a Christian soldier, with the confident hope, that his piety and faithfulness, would entitle him to the reward in the life to come, promised to those who coatiuue faithful to the end.

" Sweet sleep the brave who sink to rest. With all their country's honor blest."

The members of tlie society are requested to wear the usual badge of mourning for thirty days. By order,

In private life he was respected and beloved by all who knew him ; liis mental faculties were retained with great vigor until the last moment of his life, and died as a Christian soldier, with the confident hope, that his piety and faithfulness, would entitle him to the reward in the life to come, promised to those who coatiuue faithful to the end.

" Sweet sleep the brave who sink to rest. With all their country's honor blest."

The members of tlie society are requested to wear the usual badge of mourning for thirty days. By order,

Gen. Anthony La.mb, Vice Pres't.

Edward P. Marcellin, Sec'y.

a Major Popham was the third person who has held that ofHce since its institution in 1783.

128 HISTORY OF THE

tion from its commanding position. There is an extensive vie'^ir from the south front of the sound and surrounding country.

In this vicinity formerly resided Captain De Kay, the father of James E. De Kay, M. D., one of the geological commissioners of the state.

On the south eastern side of Scarsdale, is situated the Quaker meeting house. Upon the site of the oldest building stood a much older structure, erected prior to the Revolution. ^ . .

The first Independent election for officers of the manor of Scarsdale, took place on the 22nd of Dec. 1783. In pursuance of an act of the legislature passed Oct. 23d, 1779, entitled " an act to provide for the tennporal government of the southern part of this state, whenever the enemy shall abandon or be dispossessed of the same, and until the legislature can be convened," &c.

Upon the site of the oldest building stood a much older structure, erected prior to the Revolution. ^ . .

The first Independent election for officers of the manor of Scarsdale, took place on the 22nd of Dec. 1783. In pursuance of an act of the legislature passed Oct. 23d, 1779, entitled " an act to provide for the tennporal government of the southern part of this state, whenever the enemy shall abandon or be dispossessed of the same, and until the legislature can be convened," &c.

"The town met on the aforesaid day, at the house of Jonathan Griffin, near the usual place of holding said meetings ; then and there the inhabitants proceeded to choose town officers by a majority of votes.

Jonathan Tompkins, Supervisor. Benjamin Cornell, Clerk. Stephen Cornell, ) . . Thomas Cornell, i^^^^^^^"^^-

Israel Herriott, Constable and Collector.

Ferris Cornell, } Overseers of the highway. Samuel Fisher, ^ o j

Ferris Cornell, Pounder.

John Crcmipton, \ Pg^^.^ ^^^ Sewage Viewers. Ihomas Cornell, J

At a town meeting held in the manor of Scarsdale, at the school house in said manor, near Capt. Jonathan Griffin's, on the 6th of April, 1784, and in the 8th year of the independency of America, according to an act of assembly made in that case for each town, manor, province and district, to choose all necessary town officers for the benefit of the towns, for the ensuing year.

Jonathan Tompkins, ^

John Barker, V Inspectors of said meeting.

Israel Herriott, )

At a town meeting held in the manor of Scarsdale, at the school house in said manor, near Capt. Jonathan Griffin's, on the 6th of April, 1784, and in the 8th year of the independency of America, according to an act of assembly made in that case for each town, manor, province and district, to choose all necessary town officers for the benefit of the towns, for the ensuing year.

Jonathan Tompkins, ^

John Barker, V Inspectors of said meeting.

Israel Herriott, )

Jonathan G. Tompkins, Supervisor.

Benjamin Cornell, Clerk.

^ The first Friends' meeting house erected in this vicinity, stood near the Palme burying in Mamaroneck.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. . , 129

Israel Herriott, Constable and Collector.

John Barker, ^

John Compton, >Assessors. - "... ■ . .- ' ...

Stephen Cornell, } V ;■,'.•■ ' ' ' ■" '-,.. '.

WilliamGriffin, >o^ ^fj,- }^ yg-

Samuel Higher, $ s j

John Crompton, } Yq^qq and damage Overseers.

Ihomas Cornell, J , , .

Samuel Higher, Pounder, ' •: !•■...

Vol. 11. ^" :V 17

Ua. ' ■ ■ • .; HISTUKY OF THE

:,- S O M E R S .

iSoMERS is situated twenty miles north of the village of White Plains, distant fifty miles from New York, and one hundred and twenty from Albany, bounded north by Dutchess county, east by North Salem and Lewisborough. south by Bedford and New Castle, and west by Yorktown.

Prior to t'le year 1788 Somers formed a part of the township oi Hanover, within Cortlandl's manor. Upon the 7th of March, 1788, it was independently organized under the title of Sfephentowji, a name adopted out of compliment to Stephen van Cortlandt, one of its principal proprietors. The present name was bestowed, A. D. 1808, in honor, it is said, of Captain Somers, one of the gallant heroes of the Tripolitan war.

iSoMERS is situated twenty miles north of the village of White Plains, distant fifty miles from New York, and one hundred and twenty from Albany, bounded north by Dutchess county, east by North Salem and Lewisborough. south by Bedford and New Castle, and west by Yorktown.

Prior to t'le year 1788 Somers formed a part of the township oi Hanover, within Cortlandl's manor. Upon the 7th of March, 1788, it was independently organized under the title of Sfephentowji, a name adopted out of compliment to Stephen van Cortlandt, one of its principal proprietors. The present name was bestowed, A. D. 1808, in honor, it is said, of Captain Somers, one of the gallant heroes of the Tripolitan war. This individual terminated a short but brilliant career in the bay of Tripoli.

The name of Somers, (says Mr. Silliman,) the twin brother in arms of Decatur, shines brightly in the history of American warfare; and the last desperate action which terminated his short and brilliant career with his life, is stamped in colors so indelible, that nothing but the destroying finger of time can eflace it from its pages. After a severe and continued fighting before Tripoli, the Turkish flotilla withdrew within the mole, and could not be induced to venture themselves beyond the guns of the Tripolitan battery. The ketch Intrepid was fitted out as a fire-ship, filled to the decks with barrels of gunpowder, shells, pitch, and other combustible materials ; and Capt. Somers, with a volunteer crew, undertook the hazardous, almost desperate, task of navigating her in the darkness of the night into the middle of the Turkish flotilla, when the train was to be fired and they were to make their escape as they best could in her boats. Lieutenants Wads worth and Israel were the only officers allowed to join the expedition, which was composed of a small

The ketch Intrepid was fitted out as a fire-ship, filled to the decks with barrels of gunpowder, shells, pitch, and other combustible materials ; and Capt. Somers, with a volunteer crew, undertook the hazardous, almost desperate, task of navigating her in the darkness of the night into the middle of the Turkish flotilla, when the train was to be fired and they were to make their escape as they best could in her boats. Lieutenants Wads worth and Israel were the only officers allowed to join the expedition, which was composed of a small

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. ; ^ 131

crew of picked men. The Intrepid was escorted as far as prudent by three vessels of the squadron, who hove to, to avoid suspicion, and to be ready to pick up the boats upon their return ; the Constitution under easy sail in the ofling.

Many a brave heart could almost hear its own pulsations in those vessels, as she became more and more indistinct and gradually disappeared in the distance. They watched for some time with intense anxiety, when a heavy cannonade was opened from the Turkish batteries, which, by its flashes, discovered the ketch determinedly progressing on her deadly errand. She was slowly and surely making for the entrance of the mole, when the whole atmosphere suijdenly blazed as if into open day. The mast with all its sails shot high up in the air; shells whizzed, rocket-like, exploding in every direction ; a deafening roar followed, and all sunk again into the deepest pitchy darkness. The Americans waited -- waited -- in anxious -- at last sickening suspense. Their cotnpanions came not -- the hours rolled on-- no boat hailed -- no oar splashed in the surrounding darkness. The east grew gray with the dawn -- the sun shone brightly above the horizon, nought but a few shattered vessels lying near the shore -- the flotilla -- the batteries -- and the minarets of Tripoli gilded by the morning sunbeams, met their gaze.

The Americans waited -- waited -- in anxious -- at last sickening suspense. Their cotnpanions came not -- the hours rolled on-- no boat hailed -- no oar splashed in the surrounding darkness. The east grew gray with the dawn -- the sun shone brightly above the horizon, nought but a few shattered vessels lying near the shore -- the flotilla -- the batteries -- and the minarets of Tripoli gilded by the morning sunbeams, met their gaze. Those noble spirits had written their history. Whether consigned to eternity by a shot of the enemy, prematurely exploJing the magazine, or from the firing of the train by their own hands, must always remain untold and unknown."*

The U. S. brig Somers, lost in a gale off Vera Cruz, January, 1847, was also named after this young hero.

Under the Mohegan Indians, Somerstown formed an appendage to the great territory of Aniaghpogh or Amrnawalk, In 1699 a deed for this tract was executed by Sachima Wicker, the chief of the Kightawonck tribe, (within whose limits Amagh pogh was comprehended,) to Stephanus van Cortlandt.

The principal Indian settlement appears to have stood upon

Sillimau's Gallop among American Scenery.

132 '- • HISTORY OF THE

the summit of a rocky ridge bordering the Croton river, on the lands of Gerard Crane, Esq. Indian lodges also occupied the higher grounds and adorned the romantic banks of the numerous streams intersecting this town. In the woods of Ray Tompkins, Esq., situated upon the east side of Angle Fly brook, are yet visible the remains of Indian habitations. The Indian burying ground lies near Wood's bridge, at the junction of Plum brook and Croton river. This beautiful portion of Westchester county, so highly diversified with hills and dales was once covered with extensive forests, abounding with every species of wild game.

Indian lodges also occupied the higher grounds and adorned the romantic banks of the numerous streams intersecting this town. In the woods of Ray Tompkins, Esq., situated upon the east side of Angle Fly brook, are yet visible the remains of Indian habitations. The Indian burying ground lies near Wood's bridge, at the junction of Plum brook and Croton river. This beautiful portion of Westchester county, so highly diversified with hills and dales was once covered with extensive forests, abounding with every species of wild game. Deer were numerous here as late as 1780, and wolves, though rare, were not extinct at that period. The Indians, for the better purpose of hunting the large herds of deer that roamed through these forests, annually burnt the higher grounds. " This practice (says Vanderdonck,) is named by us and the Indians, '■ bushburning,'' which is done for several reasons ; first, to render hunting easier, as the bush and vegetable growth renders the walking difficult for the hunter, and the crackling of the dry Substances betrays him and frightens away the game. Secondly, to thin out and clear the woods of all dead substances and grass, which grow better the ensuing spring. Thirdly, to circumscribe and enclose the game within the lines of the fire, when it is more easily taken, and also because the game is more easily tracked over the burned parts of the woods. The bush burning presents a grand and sublime appearance. On seeing it from without, we would imagine that not only the dry leaves, vegetables and limbs would be burnt, but that the whole woods would be consumed where the fire passes, for it frequently spreads and rages with such violence, that it is awful to behold," &c.a The last burning remembered by the oldest inhabitant took place on the high ridge east of Primrose street.

The bush burning presents a grand and sublime appearance. On seeing it from without, we would imagine that not only the dry leaves, vegetables and limbs would be burnt, but that the whole woods would be consumed where the fire passes, for it frequently spreads and rages with such violence, that it is awful to behold," &c.a The last burning remembered by the oldest inhabitant took place on the high ridge east of Primrose street.

By the royal patent to Stephanus van Cortlandt in 1697, it will be seen that he enjoyed the sole right of hunting deer within llie forests of Cortlandt, a privilege usually conceded to the Ranger of the county.^

N. Y. Hist. Collect. 2d series, vol. i. t See Cortlandt town, vol. i. 4G.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 133

The deep seclusion of tlie woods bordering Plumb brook afforded an agreeable haunt to the beaver, and here these industrious animals had constructed an extensive dam which long survived their existence.

Upon the partition of the manor of Cortlandt among the heirs of the Hon. Stephanus van Cortlandt in the year 1734, the following allotments were made in this town ; north lot, No. 5, Mrs. Margaret Bayard ; ditto No. 6, Philip van Cortlandt ; ditto, No. 7, Andrew .Johnston ; part of north lot No. 8, Mr. Miller; south lot, No. 5, Stephen de Lancey ; ditto No. 6, Stephen van Cortlandt ; ditto half of lot No. 7, Stephen van Cortlandt ; part of south lot No. 9, Mrs. Susannah Warren ; ditto, No. 10, Stephen de Lancey ; this lot has since been annexed to the town of New Castle by an act of the legislature, passed in 1846. Subsequent to the above division, we find the heirs of Stephanus van Cortlandt disposing of their respective rights in the same.

Miller; south lot, No. 5, Stephen de Lancey ; ditto No. 6, Stephen van Cortlandt ; ditto half of lot No. 7, Stephen van Cortlandt ; part of south lot No. 9, Mrs. Susannah Warren ; ditto, No. 10, Stephen de Lancey ; this lot has since been annexed to the town of New Castle by an act of the legislature, passed in 1846. Subsequent to the above division, we find the heirs of Stephanus van Cortlandt disposing of their respective rights in the same. On the 4th of June, 1760, Samuel Bayard granted to Hachaliah Brown, gentleman, of the town of Rye, "all that tract of land being in the northernmost part of the manor of Cortlandt, bounded north by the dividing line of Dutchess and Westchester, to the line of Philips's upper patent, west by lot of Andrew Johnston, south by bounds of Samuel Brown and east by Croton river."

In the year 1762, Andrew Johnston conveyed to Hachaliah Brown, "all that lot of land, situate, lying and being in lot No. 6, east range, and being part of north lot No. 7, at Plum brook, consisting of two hundred and thirty acres. i^

It appears that Andrew Johnston did also in his lifetime, by a certain indenture bearing date, 20th March, 1762, lease to John Hampstead a certain lot of land, lying and being at Plum brook, in the manor of Cortlandt, known by the name of farm No. 4, west range, and is part of great lot No. 7. The same was again

In the year 1762, Andrew Johnston conveyed to Hachaliah Brown, "all that lot of land, situate, lying and being in lot No. 6, east range, and being part of north lot No. 7, at Plum brook, consisting of two hundred and thirty acres. i^

It appears that Andrew Johnston did also in his lifetime, by a certain indenture bearing date, 20th March, 1762, lease to John Hampstead a certain lot of land, lying and being at Plum brook, in the manor of Cortlandt, known by the name of farm No. 4, west range, and is part of great lot No. 7. The same was again

>■ Co. Rec.Lib. I. 61. Upon tlie 17th of June, 1760, Hachaliah Brown of Rye, conveyed the same to his eldest son, Hachaliah Brownj Jun. The property is slijl vested in their descendants.

t Co. Rec. Lib. I. 66.

134 HISTORY OF THE

leased to John Hampstead by the heirs of Andrew Johnston,

24th of June, 1772.

John Hampstead the above lessee was one of the first settlers of this town. From his tomb-stone in the Union bury ing ground, we learn that he departed this life the 26th of April, 1801, at the advanced age of 107 years, 5 months and 21 days.

How few can reach those years of lime,

Which here are numbered to our view, Since death calls most while in their prime.

And leaves behind so aged few.

Upon the 3d of Dec. 1772, the devisees of Andrew Johnston conveyed to Lewis Bailey, farm No. 9, in west range of great north lot No. 7- In the year 1775, the executors and heirs of Andrew Johuston deceased, conveyed to Abraham Theaie, certain lands situate on Phim brook.

How few can reach those years of lime,

Which here are numbered to our view, Since death calls most while in their prime.

And leaves behind so aged few.

Upon the 3d of Dec. 1772, the devisees of Andrew Johnston conveyed to Lewis Bailey, farm No. 9, in west range of great north lot No. 7- In the year 1775, the executors and heirs of Andrew Johuston deceased, conveyed to Abraham Theaie, certain lands situate on Phim brook.

A D 1793. John Johnston, executor of Andrew Johnston, conveyed to Benjamin Green of Stej^hentown, a farm ni the north east corner of lot No. 4, west range, being part of Andrew Johnston's great north lot No. 7.

These sales clearly show that the -rea^ lots were agam subdivided by the devisees of Stephanus van Cortlandt. Many of the descendants of the above mentioned grantees still occupy the patrimonial estates in fee simple.

The .oldest record relating to town officers occurs in a small manuscript volume, entitled as follows :

^'- Book of the records of the proceedings from the first town meeting of the people of Stephentown, being the year of our Lord, one thousand, seven hundred and eighty-eight, whereof William Horton, Esq. was chosen town clerk.

The first Tuesday in April, in the year above written, the people of Stephentown met at the house of Benjamin Green, for choosing town officers and other necessary business of the town . for the year ensuing.

Hachaliah Brown, supervisor.

Co. Rec. Lib. I. 179.

^'- Book of the records of the proceedings from the first town meeting of the people of Stephentown, being the year of our Lord, one thousand, seven hundred and eighty-eight, whereof William Horton, Esq. was chosen town clerk.

The first Tuesday in April, in the year above written, the people of Stephentown met at the house of Benjamin Green, for choosing town officers and other necessary business of the town . for the year ensuing.

Hachaliah Brown, supervisor.

Co. Rec. Lib. I. 179.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 135

William Horton, Esq., town clerk. Obadiah Pnrdy, Nathaniel Wright, Herman Hilliker, Samuel Green, J

t'obtnr"' 1 overseers of, he poor. „

Benjamin Green, constable and collector." . ' -,

The village of Somers is pleasantly situated on a beautiful plain almost surrounded by romantic hills, the top of which are cloihed with a profusion of green verdure. The air of this delightful region is said to be uncommonly mild and salubrious. To the south of the village lies the delightful vale of Plum brock, through which passes the road to Pine's bridge. On the north-east Prospect hill rises in a grand and picturesque manner. The village of tSomers Flai?!, commonly so called, "is the principal market of lean stock of cattle ni:d sheep, brought hither from various and distant parts of the country to supply the wants occasioned by the sales of fattened cattle and sheep to the butchers of INew York. The farmers of this county carry on an extensive traffic in this way, and droves are annually and almost constantly arriving from the inland regions, some from 100, 200, and 300 miles, to replace the consumption."^'^ It is computed that over 5000 head of horned stock are annually fatted in this district alone.

The village of tSomers Flai?!, commonly so called, "is the principal market of lean stock of cattle ni:d sheep, brought hither from various and distant parts of the country to supply the wants occasioned by the sales of fattened cattle and sheep to the butchers of INew York. The farmers of this county carry on an extensive traffic in this way, and droves are annually and almost constantly arriving from the inland regions, some from 100, 200, and 300 miles, to replace the consumption."^'^ It is computed that over 5000 head of horned stock are annually fatted in this district alone.

A bank has been for many years established in this village, under the name of ^^ the Farmers and Drovers Bank of >S'omers.^' This institution was first organized under the general banking law of 1839, with a capital of $111,000. First president, Horace Bailey, Esq. It deserves notice that the money of the Farmers and Drovers Bank has always been redeemable at par. The present board of directors, consist of .,y

New York Gazetteer.

13G ^ HISTORY OF THE : :

Horace Bailey, Esq. Lewis Doane,

:'. . Leonard D. Clift, Epenetus Howe,

' ; • Edwin Crosby, Stephen Brown,

:'■ : John Titus, Charles Wright,

■■ . / Gerard Crane, Daniel Kent, V, .. ■ / Thaddeus Crane, Lewis Brown,

- ' J- . Solomon Bailey.

y/ - .'/.^ ,:;■■" .\ .■■ OFFICERS.

Horace Bailey, Esq., President. Egbert Rowland, Cashier. Near the centre of the village, and directly opposite the junction of the Pines bridge and Peekskiil turnpike road, stands the Elej)ha7it Hotel, a very commodious and handsome brick edifice, under the superintendence of Horace Bailey, Esq.

:'■ : John Titus, Charles Wright,

■■ . / Gerard Crane, Daniel Kent, V, .. ■ / Thaddeus Crane, Lewis Brown,

- ' J- . Solomon Bailey.

y/ - .'/.^ ,:;■■" .\ .■■ OFFICERS.

Horace Bailey, Esq., President. Egbert Rowland, Cashier. Near the centre of the village, and directly opposite the junction of the Pines bridge and Peekskiil turnpike road, stands the Elej)ha7it Hotel, a very commodious and handsome brick edifice, under the superintendence of Horace Bailey, Esq.

The large zoological exhibitions which annually visit this state, originated in Somerstown, through the enterprise of Hachaliah Bailey, who imported about 1815, the celebrated elephant «' Old Bet]'' the first ever brought to the United States. Other importations of animals quickly followed, but subsequently the smaller companies became absorbed into one grand travelling menagerie. The present propiietors are Messrs. Thaddeus and Gerard Crane. These gentlemen are associated with the great liontamer, Van Amburgh, and in the adjoining town of North Salem, ■. -with Lewis Titus , nd John June.

■" The Episcopal Church of St. Luke, occupies a fine situation, on the Plain, at no great distance from the hotel. It is a very handsome edifice of wood, in the Grecian style, with a stone basement beneath. The front presents a lofty portico, supported by Ionic columns ; the roof is surmounted with a low tower.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

St. Luke's Church, Somers.

Previous to the erection of this church in 1842, Episcopal services were occasionally performed in the town, by the neighboring clergy. They were held usually in an edifice erected by the liberality of persons belonging to the various religious societies and others, possessing no denominational connection, under the name of the Union Meeting House. Here the churchmen of this section of country were favored with the occasional ministrations of the Rev.

St. Luke's Church, Somers.

Previous to the erection of this church in 1842, Episcopal services were occasionally performed in the town, by the neighboring clergy. They were held usually in an edifice erected by the liberality of persons belonging to the various religious societies and others, possessing no denominational connection, under the name of the Union Meeting House. Here the churchmen of this section of country were favored with the occasional ministrations of the Rev. R. C. Moore, the late pious and beloved Bishop of Virginia, and many other respectable and laborious clergymen. As early as 1808, we find the Rev. Evan Rogers officiating here. Before the 26th of January, in the year 1835, the present parish was organized under the rectorship of the Rev. Alexander Eraser, and about this time, arrangements were made for disposing of the interest which the Episcopal party held in the Union meeting house and parsonage, and building a church for themselves. This was quickly effected through the active and zealous exertions of the vestry, to whose liberality together with that of several other individuals of the neighborhood, friendly to the undertaking, the parish is indebted for its present commodious and beautiful church.

This building was consecrated to the service of Almighty God, on the 19th of January, A. D. 1842, by the Right Rev.

Vol. it. 18

J3$ HISTORY OF THE

Benj. Tredvvell Onderdonk. It had been previously incoyporated upon the 28lh Feb., 1835.

Isaac Purdy, and Frederick J. Coffin, church wardens, Thaddeus Barlow, Aaron Brown, William Marshall, Gerard Crane, Edwin Finch, Charles Wright, William Clock and Ray Tompkins, vestrymen. *

This was quickly effected through the active and zealous exertions of the vestry, to whose liberality together with that of several other individuals of the neighborhood, friendly to the undertaking, the parish is indebted for its present commodious and beautiful church.

This building was consecrated to the service of Almighty God, on the 19th of January, A. D. 1842, by the Right Rev.

Vol. it. 18

J3$ HISTORY OF THE

Benj. Tredvvell Onderdonk. It had been previously incoyporated upon the 28lh Feb., 1835.

Isaac Purdy, and Frederick J. Coffin, church wardens, Thaddeus Barlow, Aaron Brown, William Marshall, Gerard Crane, Edwin Finch, Charles Wright, William Clock and Ray Tompkins, vestrymen. *

LIST OF RECTORS,

Instituted or called. Incumbents. Vacated by

A. D. 183.5, Rev. Alexander Eraser, Presb. resig.

A. D. 1842, Rev. David H. Short, Presb. do.

A. D. 1844, Rev. Samuel Chalmess Davis, Presb. do.

. A. D. 1846, Rev. Alfred H. Partridge, present incumbent.

Notitia Parochialis. 1843, Communicants, 14. Baptisms, 1. - ,

. . 1844, do. 22. do. 12.

The Presbyterian church is very pleasantly situated on the north side of the main street, near the foot of Prospect Hill.

Its front presents a neat portico of the Doric order. The Presbyterian society was first incorporated on the 10th of January, 1811, under the name of the " Union Presbyterian Church of Somerstown," Darius Crosby, Lewis Brown, Amaziah Mead, Joseph Owen, jr., James Bailey and Ebenezer White, jr., trustees.b 111 the year 1832, a mutual division took place, which led to the erection of the Presbyterian Church at Croton falls, whose pastor is the Rev. Joseph Nimmo. The present church edifice was erected, A. D. 1799.

The Presbyterian society was first incorporated on the 10th of January, 1811, under the name of the " Union Presbyterian Church of Somerstown," Darius Crosby, Lewis Brown, Amaziah Mead, Joseph Owen, jr., James Bailey and Ebenezer White, jr., trustees.b 111 the year 1832, a mutual division took place, which led to the erection of the Presbyterian Church at Croton falls, whose pastor is the Rev. Joseph Nimmo. The present church edifice was erected, A. D. 1799.

CATALOGUE OF PASTORS AND SUPPLIES.

Instal or call. Pastor or Supply. vacated by

A. D. 1801, Rev. John McNiece, resignation

A. D. 1805, Rev. Mr. Perkins, ditto.

Co. Rec. Religious Soc, Lib. B. 33. t Ibid. Lib. A. 45.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 139

A. D. 1823, Rev. Sylvanus Haight, resi^.

A. D. 1821. Rev. Abraham Purdy, by death.

A. D. 1825, Mr. Abner Brundige, ; ^ :^p,itiatpc

A. D. 1826, Mr. James Auslin, \ J-'centiates.

A. D. 1827, Rev. Ezra Day, resignation.

A. D. 1831, Rev. Griffith R. Griffith, ditto.

A. D. 1834, Rev. Henry Benedict, ditto,

A. D. 1835, Rev. Alexander Leadbither, ditto.

A. D. 1845, Rev. George Menelaus, present pastor.

Church Memoranda.

1846, Communicants, 25, Baptisms, 1,

The first Methodist Episcopal society in this town, was incorporated on the 10th of May, 1794, Joseph Hadden, Thomas Bailey, John Stedwell, Abraham Golding, Samuel Wilson, Jun., and Benjamin Huestis, trustees. ^^ A second incorporation of the Methodist Episcopal church, occurs upon the 20th of December, 1808.b The incorporation of the Methodist brick church, took place on the 20lh of Sept. 1836. This building is still standing on the Mahopack road, a little northeast of the village.

The first Methodist Episcopal society in this town, was incorporated on the 10th of May, 1794, Joseph Hadden, Thomas Bailey, John Stedwell, Abraham Golding, Samuel Wilson, Jun., and Benjamin Huestis, trustees. ^^ A second incorporation of the Methodist Episcopal church, occurs upon the 20th of December, 1808.b The incorporation of the Methodist brick church, took place on the 20lh of Sept. 1836. This building is still standing on the Mahopack road, a little northeast of the village.

In the rear of the Presbyterian church is situated the Union bury ing ground. Here are memorials to the Browns, Owens, Wrights, Crosbys, Cranes, Finchs, Baileys, Turks and Whites, (fcc. (fcc. The oldest interment appears to be a member of the Roof family, 1770. A plain head-stone bears the following in^ scription :

Sacred to the memory

of

James Bait^ey,

who died Nov. 13th, 1826,

aged 79 years 1 mo. and 16 days.

O ! death thy ensigns here display,

» Co. Rec. Religious Soc. Lib. A. 45. t Ibii

1^- HISTORY OF THE

■ • Another mortal snatched away. - ■

\ - ^' From life, from friends, from every tie

That binds to earth, yet called to die, . ' ' S ich is our lot, like him here laid.

We must be numbered with the dead, And yield our life a transient day, To mingle with our mother clay.

In this yard lie also the remains of Mary, wife of Luther Kirinicutji^ who departed this life Nov. 13th, 1811, aged 56 years.

■ • Another mortal snatched away. - ■

\ - ^' From life, from friends, from every tie

That binds to earth, yet called to die, . ' ' S ich is our lot, like him here laid.

We must be numbered with the dead, And yield our life a transient day, To mingle with our mother clay.

In this yard lie also the remains of Mary, wife of Luther Kirinicutji^ who departed this life Nov. 13th, 1811, aged 56 years.

In the immediate vicinity of the village, are situated the farms and residences of Gerard Crane, Edward Finch, Charles Wrii^ht,b Thaddeus Crane, Caleb Green, Robert Halleck, JohnTitus^ and others.

A charming valley opens to the east of the 'plains through which flows tiie Croton. Rapidity seems to be the principal characteristic of this fine stream, its Indian name Kitchawan, denoting the general swiftness of its current. South of Deari's bridge, the banks are highly diversified with romantic and picturesque scenery ; below Dean's bridge are Golding's, Woods' and the Muscoota bridges.

The village of Croion Falls, formerly Owenville, occupies the northeast corner of Somers, bordering on the south line of Putnam county. At this place, the Croton river " affords hydraulic power to a great extent, but little of which is as yet occupied for manufacturing purposes." The stream is said to average three hundred horse power. Here are located a Presbyterian church, a paper mill, a saw and grist mill, a clothier's works, a post office, two stores and several dwellings, besides a rail road depot for the accommodation of travellers, and for merchandise. There is also a convenient hotel under the management of Messrs. Smith

At this place, the Croton river " affords hydraulic power to a great extent, but little of which is as yet occupied for manufacturing purposes." The stream is said to average three hundred horse power. Here are located a Presbyterian church, a paper mill, a saw and grist mill, a clothier's works, a post office, two stores and several dwellings, besides a rail road depot for the accommodation of travellers, and for merchandise. There is also a convenient hotel under the management of Messrs. Smith

" Luther Kinnicut served in the capacity of a spy to General Washington during tlie RevohUion, see page 12.

b Mr. Wright occupies tlie estate formerly owned by James Bailey.

« This gentleman is the son of John Titus, and great grandson of Samuel Titus, whose father, Edmund, was born in England, in 1630, and came from Massachusetts to Long Island, in lfJ50. SeeThompson's Long Island, vol. ii. 54.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 141

and Mead. Stages during the summer months, leave this place dally for Lake Mahopack,-''^ a distance of five miles. Nearly opposite the depot, the two main branches of the Croton river unite. The Presbyterian Society was first organized here, in 1833> under the pastoral charge of the Rev. Joseph Nimmo. A neat and commodious church edifice has been recently erected, to which is attached a small parsonage and grave yard.i^

Church Memoranda. 1847, Communicants, 25, Baptisms, 2.

Bordering the Croton river, are the estates and residences of Mr. Silas Finch, Mr. Edwin Crosby and Thomas R. Lee, Esq. The latter gentleman represented (in 1S42) this county in assembly.

The Presbyterian Society was first organized here, in 1833> under the pastoral charge of the Rev. Joseph Nimmo. A neat and commodious church edifice has been recently erected, to which is attached a small parsonage and grave yard.i^

Church Memoranda. 1847, Communicants, 25, Baptisms, 2.

Bordering the Croton river, are the estates and residences of Mr. Silas Finch, Mr. Edwin Crosby and Thomas R. Lee, Esq. The latter gentleman represented (in 1S42) this county in assembly.

Within a short distance of the village, is situated the property of the late Lewis Brown, Esq., whose grandfather, Hachaliah Brown of Rye, purchased these lands under the heirs of Stephanus van Cortlandt, in 1760. His son Elbert, at present, resides on the estate.

West tSomers, as its name imports, is situated to the west of Somerstown Plains. It is a scattered liamlet, containing a store, a post office, and a commodious hotel belonging to the Messrs. Charles and William Teed.

The neigliborhood of West Somers is exceedingly beautiful, commanding a rich view of the Plains and Plum Brook valley.

To the west of this place lies the valley of the Muscoota, through which meanders the Muscoota river. The margins of this lovely stream are adorned in many places with thick woodland and bold hills, which constrain it into an endless variety of windings, at every turn, presenting new features. South of

ft " Lake Mahopack is a beautiful sheet of water, lying in the town of Carmel, Putnam Co. ; it is about one mile in diameter, in which are embosomed two or three small islands. The waters abound with various kinds of fish of fine flavor, which are taken in great quantities." Disturuell's Gazetteer of N. Y. Lake Ma» hopack is situated 150 feet above Croton falls -- Editor.

The margins of this lovely stream are adorned in many places with thick woodland and bold hills, which constrain it into an endless variety of windings, at every turn, presenting new features. South of

ft " Lake Mahopack is a beautiful sheet of water, lying in the town of Carmel, Putnam Co. ; it is about one mile in diameter, in which are embosomed two or three small islands. The waters abound with various kinds of fish of fine flavor, which are taken in great quantities." Disturuell's Gazetteer of N. Y. Lake Ma» hopack is situated 150 feet above Croton falls -- Editor.

\> This church is at present connected with the Bedford Presbytery.

142 HISTORY OF THE

Bedell's mill pond its waters form a succession of rapids, which enter the Croton a little below Woodsbridge, near the junction of Cross and Croton rivers. The running supply of the Muscoota is said to be at a fair calculation 3,628,800 gallons per diem.

Upon this stream are placed the grist and saw mill of W. S. Tompkins, the cloth dressing establishment of Reuben C. Varnall, the grist, saw and fulling mill of Munson Perry, and the grist and saw mill of Isaac Bedle.

On the Mill Brook, a branch of the Muscoota, are situated the paper mills of William Wallace and Abraham H. Miller.

Angle Fly Brook, a celebrated trout stream, which rises on the lands of Mr. Tompkins, is a tributary of the Muscoota river.

On the east side of Primrose street are situated the residences of Samuel Teed, William Marshall and Ray Tompkins, Esqs. The latter individual is the second son of the Hon. Daniel D. Tompkins. In his possession is an excellent portrait of the Governor by Waldo and Jewett.

On the Mill Brook, a branch of the Muscoota, are situated the paper mills of William Wallace and Abraham H. Miller.

Angle Fly Brook, a celebrated trout stream, which rises on the lands of Mr. Tompkins, is a tributary of the Muscoota river.

On the east side of Primrose street are situated the residences of Samuel Teed, William Marshall and Ray Tompkins, Esqs. The latter individual is the second son of the Hon. Daniel D. Tompkins. In his possession is an excellent portrait of the Governor by Waldo and Jewett.

Mount Zion Methodist Episcopal Church in Primrose street was erected, cir. 1794, and appears to have been incorporated on the 20th May, 1828. Henry Clift, Aaron Brown, James Phillips, Samuel S. Ferguson and Samuel Pedvvick trustees.

In the grave yard are interred the remains of -

Margaret,

wife of

Enoch Crosby, Esq.,

formerly the wife of . . ,

Colonel Benjamin Green, deceased,

Died March 22, 1825,

Aged 64 years, 3 months,

and 20 days.

The above mentoned lady was the second wife of the wellknown " Westchester Spy.^^ By her side is a plain marble monument inscribed,

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. ,143

In

Memory of

Col. Benjamin Green,

who died

October 6, 1812,

Aged 56 years and 2 months.

Upon Phmi Brook are situated the saw mills of Messrs. Sylvanus Kniften and Jacob Ruxer, also the saw and grist mill of Robert Halleck, This stream has its source in the northern part of the town, and running through the town, passes into the Croton at Woodsbridge. There are few historical notices of importance in connection with Somers, except that during the Revolution, General Washington lay encamped for sometime on the high hills east of the village, in the vicinity of Mr. Reuben Wright's house.

Sylvanus Kniften and Jacob Ruxer, also the saw and grist mill of Robert Halleck, This stream has its source in the northern part of the town, and running through the town, passes into the Croton at Woodsbridge. There are few historical notices of importance in connection with Somers, except that during the Revolution, General Washington lay encamped for sometime on the high hills east of the village, in the vicinity of Mr. Reuben Wright's house.

" The surface of Somers is uneven in part, with some extensive plains ; soil, various, but mostly well adapted to grass and grain."^ " li^he farms are large, and the inhabitants industrious and wealthy. The growth of wood is similar to that in the neighboring towns." The high lands in the north-eastern part of the town are said to abound with iron ore of good quality.

See Disturnell's Gazetteer of N. Y.

WESTCHESTER.

The township of Westchester=i is situated sixteen miles south of the village of White Plains, distant twelve miles from New York, and one hundred and fifty from Albany; bounded on the north by Eastchester, east by the

Eastchester bay or Long Island Sound, south by the East River, and west by the Bronx. " Its form is defined by waters on three sides, and of course irregular, but its medial extent north and south may be four miles, and east and west about two and a half-; with an area of nearly ten square miles.''^ Prior to 1846

St. Peter's Church, Westchester,

The township of Westchester=i is situated sixteen miles south of the village of White Plains, distant twelve miles from New York, and one hundred and fifty from Albany; bounded on the north by Eastchester, east by the

Eastchester bay or Long Island Sound, south by the East River, and west by the Bronx. " Its form is defined by waters on three sides, and of course irregular, but its medial extent north and south may be four miles, and east and west about two and a half-; with an area of nearly ten square miles.''^ Prior to 1846

St. Peter's Church, Westchester,

a This name is probably derived from tlie city of the same title in Cheshire, England. " Not far from the mouth of the Dee in Cheshire, (says Camden,) stands that noble city, which Ptolemy calls Deunana and Antoninus, Deva, from the river; the Britons Caer-Legion, &c., and by way of pre-eminence Caer ; as our ancestors the Saxons called it Legeaoerca, from the legion there, and we more contractly Westchester, from its westerly situation, and simply Chester according to that verse,

Cestria de Castris nomen quasi Castria sumpsit. Chester from Caster (or the camp) was named.

A more appropriate name could not have been selected, as it was situated west of the New England settlements.

b Spaflord's Gazetteer.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 145

this town embraced West Farms, and the manors of Morrisania and Fordham.

Like the adjoining lands, Westchester was originally purchased by the Dutch West India Company, of the Mohegan sachems and other Indians, who claimed it in 1640.a-

Cestria de Castris nomen quasi Castria sumpsit. Chester from Caster (or the camp) was named.

A more appropriate name could not have been selected, as it was situated west of the New England settlements.

b Spaflord's Gazetteer.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 145

this town embraced West Farms, and the manors of Morrisania and Fordham.

Like the adjoining lands, Westchester was originally purchased by the Dutch West India Company, of the Mohegan sachems and other Indians, who claimed it in 1640.a-

Upon the 14th of November, 1654, Thomas Pell of Fairfield, Connecticut, obtained a second grant from the aboriginal proprietors, which also embraced the present town. Thirty years later we find the sachems Maminepoe and Wampage conveying to the inhabitants of Westchester " all that tract of land lying on the east side of Bronckses river."

The principal Indian settlements in this town, were located upon Castle Hill neck and about Bear swamp.^ The former is said to have been the site of an Indian castle. On the south-east side of Spicer's neck is situated " Burying Point,'" their place of sepulture. The extensive ^^ shell banks'' on the shores of the East river, afford evidence that the aboriginal population must at one time have been very considerable.

Westchester "was probably first settled in 1642, by a Mr. John Throckmorton and thirty-five associates, who came from New England, with the approbation of the Dutch authorities."*^ By the Dutch it was denominated " Vredelaiid,^^ or the " La?id of Peace,^^ " a meet appellation (says the historian of the New Netherlands,) for the spot selected as a place of refuge by those who were bruised and broken down by religious persecution."^

The extensive ^^ shell banks'' on the shores of the East river, afford evidence that the aboriginal population must at one time have been very considerable.

Westchester "was probably first settled in 1642, by a Mr. John Throckmorton and thirty-five associates, who came from New England, with the approbation of the Dutch authorities."*^ By the Dutch it was denominated " Vredelaiid,^^ or the " La?id of Peace,^^ " a meet appellation (says the historian of the New Netherlands,) for the spot selected as a place of refuge by those who were bruised and broken down by religious persecution."^

In reply to John Throckmorton's petition, soliciting permission to settle down within the limits of the New Netherlands, is the following license, dated 2d October, 1642.

"Whereas Mr. Throckmorton, with his associates, solicits to settle with thirty five families within the limits of the jurisdiction of their High Mightia Alb. Rec. vol. ii. 147.

b The aborigines maintained possession here as late as 1789. The site of their wigwams i.s now owned by Mr. Jesse Ryer. In this vicinity is a small excavation cut out of a granite rock, (in the form of a mortar,) used by the Indians in pQunding their corn. . - . " -

<^ Hist. Collections of N. Y. by John Barber and Henry Howe. ' '

d O'Callaghan's Hist. N. N. 258.

Vol. II. 19

146 • ' HISTORY OF THE -^ • -

jiesses, to reside there in peace and enjoy the same privilef^es as our other subjects, and be favored with the free exercise of their religion ; having seeri the petition of the aforesaid Throckmorton, and consulted with the interests of the Company, as this request can by no means be injurious to the country, more so as the Englisli are to settle at a distance of three miles from us, so it is granted.

146 • ' HISTORY OF THE -^ • -

jiesses, to reside there in peace and enjoy the same privilef^es as our other subjects, and be favored with the free exercise of their religion ; having seeri the petition of the aforesaid Throckmorton, and consulted with the interests of the Company, as this request can by no means be injurious to the country, more so as the Englisli are to settle at a distance of three miles from us, so it is granted. Mr. Throckmorton, with thirty-five English families, are permitted to settle within three miles of Amsterdam. "»

Upon the Gth of July, 1643, the following " land brief ^^ was granted to Jan Tlirockmorton, 6cc.

" We, William Kieft, director general, and the council, in behalf of their high mighty lords, the States General of the United Netherlands, his highness the Prince of Orange, and the noble lords, the managers of the General Incorporated West India Company in New Netherlands residing, by these presents, do publish and declare that we, on this day the date underwritten, have given a:nd granted unto Jan Throckmorton a piece of land, (being a portion of Vredeland,) containing as follows, along the East river of New Netherlands, extending from the point half a mile, which piece of land aforesaid is surrounded on one side by a little river, and on the other side by a great hill, which river and hill on high water running, meet each other, surround the said land, as vi'ill more clearly appear by a map of the same which lias been made and marked off by the surveyor, with the express conditions and terms that the said Jan Throckmorton, or they who by virtue of tiiese presents shall succeed to his action, the noble lords, the managers aforesaid, shall acknowledge as their lords and patroons, under the sovereignly of the high and mighty lords, the States General, and unto their director and council here, shall in all things be confirmed as all good citizens are in duty bound ; provided also that the said Jan Throckmorton and his company (associates) shall furthermore be subject to all such burdens and imposts, as already have been enacted by the noble lords, and hereafter may yet be enacted.

" We, William Kieft, director general, and the council, in behalf of their high mighty lords, the States General of the United Netherlands, his highness the Prince of Orange, and the noble lords, the managers of the General Incorporated West India Company in New Netherlands residing, by these presents, do publish and declare that we, on this day the date underwritten, have given a:nd granted unto Jan Throckmorton a piece of land, (being a portion of Vredeland,) containing as follows, along the East river of New Netherlands, extending from the point half a mile, which piece of land aforesaid is surrounded on one side by a little river, and on the other side by a great hill, which river and hill on high water running, meet each other, surround the said land, as vi'ill more clearly appear by a map of the same which lias been made and marked off by the surveyor, with the express conditions and terms that the said Jan Throckmorton, or they who by virtue of tiiese presents shall succeed to his action, the noble lords, the managers aforesaid, shall acknowledge as their lords and patroons, under the sovereignly of the high and mighty lords, the States General, and unto their director and council here, shall in all things be confirmed as all good citizens are in duty bound ; provided also that the said Jan Throckmorton and his company (associates) shall furthermore be subject to all such burdens and imposts, as already have been enacted by the noble lords, and hereafter may yet be enacted. It is furthermore made an express condition that the aforesaid Jan Throckmorton, according to promise, shall settle on the aforesaid lands as many families as may offer in the same manner, constituting over the said Throckmorton and his company, in our stead, in the real and actual possession of the aforesaid piece of land, lying on the East river aforesaid, giving them by these presents the full and irrevocable might, authority, and special permission the aforesaid parcel of land to enter, cultivate, inhabit, and occupy, in like manner as he may lawfully do with other his patrimonial lands and effects, without our, the grantors in quality aforesaid, thereunto any longer having, reserving or saving any part, action, or control whatever, but to the behoof as aforesaid, from all as-

It is furthermore made an express condition that the aforesaid Jan Throckmorton, according to promise, shall settle on the aforesaid lands as many families as may offer in the same manner, constituting over the said Throckmorton and his company, in our stead, in the real and actual possession of the aforesaid piece of land, lying on the East river aforesaid, giving them by these presents the full and irrevocable might, authority, and special permission the aforesaid parcel of land to enter, cultivate, inhabit, and occupy, in like manner as he may lawfully do with other his patrimonial lands and effects, without our, the grantors in quality aforesaid, thereunto any longer having, reserving or saving any part, action, or control whatever, but to the behoof as aforesaid, from all as-

Alb. Rec. from 1638 to 1642.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 147

sisting from this time forih and forever, promising moreover this transport firmly, invariably, and irrevocably to maintain, fulfil, and execute, and to do all that in equity we are bound to do. Done in Fort Amsterdam in New- Netherlands, this Gth day of July, 1643.

" William Kieft. " By order ef the noble lords, the directors and council of the New- Netherlands.

" CoRNELis TiENHovEN, Secretary.""^

This grant, subsequently called Throckuiorton's neck, embraced the eastern part of the present town. It was bounded on the north by Eastchester neck, on the east by the Eastchester bay and Long Island sound, on the south by the East river, and on tlie west by the Westchester creek.

Done in Fort Amsterdam in New- Netherlands, this Gth day of July, 1643.

" William Kieft. " By order ef the noble lords, the directors and council of the New- Netherlands.

" CoRNELis TiENHovEN, Secretary.""^

This grant, subsequently called Throckuiorton's neck, embraced the eastern part of the present town. It was bounded on the north by Eastchester neck, on the east by the Eastchester bay and Long Island sound, on the south by the East river, and on tlie west by the Westchester creek.

John Throckmorton, the patentee, originally emigrated from England to Nantaskeit, Massachusetts, 5th February, 1631, in the ship Lyon ; from this place he removed to Salem in 1639; he afterwards became a Baptist, and a resident of Rhode Island."* From Rhode Island he fled to Vredeland that he might enjoy here (among the Dutch) the free exercise of his religious principles.

The Throckmorton family derive their name from Throckemertona, (Throckmorton) or the Rockmoor town, which is situated in the vale of Evesham, Worcester coiuity, England. Joha Throckmorton was lord of the manor of Throckmorton, about sixty years after the Norman conquest. The etymology of the name is either British or Saxon, which shows that they held this property before that period. Eighth in descent from John Throckmorton, lord of 'I'hrockmorton in 1130, was John Throckmorton, lord of Throckmorton's neck, Vredeland, who left issue John Throckmorton. M'he patentee is now represented by the Throckmortons of Middletown, New Jersey. Several members of the Throckmorton family appear to have fallen in the Indian massacre which took place on the 6th of October, 1643.c Upon the 29lh of April, 1652, John Throckmorton petitioned the director

The etymology of the name is either British or Saxon, which shows that they held this property before that period. Eighth in descent from John Throckmorton, lord of 'I'hrockmorton in 1130, was John Throckmorton, lord of Throckmorton's neck, Vredeland, who left issue John Throckmorton. M'he patentee is now represented by the Throckmortons of Middletown, New Jersey. Several members of the Throckmorton family appear to have fallen in the Indian massacre which took place on the 6th of October, 1643.c Upon the 29lh of April, 1652, John Throckmorton petitioned the director

a Alb. Rec. G. G. 98. Ibid. 173, 4. i Farmers' Register.

« See page 514. The war between the Dutch and the Indians of Westchester continued throughout 1644. Alb. Rec. voh xx. 56.

148 HISTORY OF THE

general for leave to transport Throckmorton's neck. In October following permission was granted, whereupon he conveyed the same to Augustine Hermans. ^

On the 5th of December, 1656, Governor Stuyvesant ordered that Throckmorton's and Cornhill's neck (Clason's Point,) might come into their jurisdiction if they please. ^

Augustine Hermans, soon after his purchase, conveyed fifty morgen of land situated on Throckmorton's neck, to Thomas Hunt. In 1665 the town of Westchester asserted "that she had always enjoyed Throckmorton's neck."c

The following abstract is taken from a cause in the court of assize, September, 1666, wherein Augustine Hermans was plaintiff, for usurpation of rights ; and the inhabitants of ye town of Westchester, defendants, . ■ .. BIr. Rider, ) Attorneys for ye

Augustine Hermans, soon after his purchase, conveyed fifty morgen of land situated on Throckmorton's neck, to Thomas Hunt. In 1665 the town of Westchester asserted "that she had always enjoyed Throckmorton's neck."c

The following abstract is taken from a cause in the court of assize, September, 1666, wherein Augustine Hermans was plaintiff, for usurpation of rights ; and the inhabitants of ye town of Westchester, defendants, . ■ .. BIr. Rider, ) Attorneys for ye

• ■' , • • • -- -- Sharpe, ) Plaintiff, (fee.

" They produce the patent to Throckmorton transported to Augustiniis Hermans.

" A mappe of ye neck of land is viewed.

" Thomas Hunt, sen., his deposition read, and his deed from Augustinus Hermans.

" A copy of an order is produced by the defendant, made by the Dutch governor, bearing date July 9lh, 1657, wherein its exprest that Westchester shall have four English, or one Dutch mile square of land for the towne, which must be taken of this neck. There is also mention made on ye said order of a reservation of one hundred or fifiy morgen for Throckmorton's and Cornell's neck, for a farme upon each.

Another order brought in by them, dated 1G60, viz., that all persons shall remove from their out farmes, which were at a distance, and settle in townes.

Another writing, acknowledged before IVIr. van Ruyven, of ye plaintiff's making over his interest in ye land in question to Thomas Hunt, sen.

The court adjudge in lieu of all ye plaintiff's pretences to Throckmorton's neck, hee shall only have fifty morgen of land thereupon, with meadow proporconable : thirty-four morgen whereof, with a due proporcon of meadow, being that which was heretofore sold by the plaintiff to Thomas Hunt, sen., who is in possession thereof. The other fifteen morgen at the sale reserved

Another writing, acknowledged before IVIr. van Ruyven, of ye plaintiff's making over his interest in ye land in question to Thomas Hunt, sen.

The court adjudge in lieu of all ye plaintiff's pretences to Throckmorton's neck, hee shall only have fifty morgen of land thereupon, with meadow proporconable : thirty-four morgen whereof, with a due proporcon of meadow, being that which was heretofore sold by the plaintiff to Thomas Hunt, sen., who is in possession thereof. The other fifteen morgen at the sale reserved

Rec. of Assize, vol. ii. 59.

Alb. Rec. Courts of Assize, vol. i. GO.

Alb. Rec. Courts of Assize, vol. ii. CO.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 149

by the plaintiff, and making up the complement of the fifty, is to be sett out upon the said neck, with its proporcon of meadow, by the governor's order, and not otherwise, saving the right which Mr. Spicer shall hereafter make appeare to have therein, and the remainder of Throckmorton's neck is to bee at ye governor's disposall. It appearing not to this court that ye towne of Westchester hath any lawful pretence thereunto, the defendants are likewise to pay the charge of suite."*

Upon the 12th of September, 16G6, a warrant was granted unto Mr. Augustine Hermans against the inhabitants of Westchester, by Governor Richard Nicolls.i'

On the 7th January, 1667, Ricfiard NicoUs granted to Roger Townsend "a certain parcel of land within the limits of Westchester, upon the maine, situate, lying, and being on ye back side of Throckmorton's neck, at ye south-east end thereof, commonly called New Found Passage, containing fifteen acres, as also a small neck near thereto adjoining, commonly called Horseneck, being about the same quantity of land, which is not in occn pat ion."

Augustine Hermans against the inhabitants of Westchester, by Governor Richard Nicolls.i'

On the 7th January, 1667, Ricfiard NicoUs granted to Roger Townsend "a certain parcel of land within the limits of Westchester, upon the maine, situate, lying, and being on ye back side of Throckmorton's neck, at ye south-east end thereof, commonly called New Found Passage, containing fifteen acres, as also a small neck near thereto adjoining, commonly called Horseneck, being about the same quantity of land, which is not in occn pat ion."

In 1669, thirty acres of land on Throckmorton's neck were granted to Mrs. Micah Spicer.°

Upon the 12th of January, 1686, Spicei's and Brockett's necks (commonly called the grove farm,) were confirmed by letters patent, under the great seal of the province, to Thomas Hunt, in the following manner.

GROVE FARM PATENT.

Thomas Dongan, Captain General, Governor in chief and Vice Admiral in and over the Province of New York and territories depending thereon in America, under his Majesty James the Second, by the grace of God, King of England, Scotland, France and Ireland, &c., &c., &c., Defender of the Faith, &c., to all lo whom these presents shall come, sendeth greeting: Whereas Thomas Hunt of the Westchester in the Co. of W. C. stands seized of an estate in tee simple, or one messuage or tenement, and a certain

» Alb. Assize Rec. vol. i. 129.

b Alb. Assize Rec. vol. i. 46.

• The Spicers and Brockets were doubtless some of the associates of John Throckmorton. At a court of assizes held November 5th, 1669, Mrs. Micah Spicer sued for thirty acres of land on Throckmorton's neck. Assize Rec. 225.

Thomas Dongan, Captain General, Governor in chief and Vice Admiral in and over the Province of New York and territories depending thereon in America, under his Majesty James the Second, by the grace of God, King of England, Scotland, France and Ireland, &c., &c., &c., Defender of the Faith, &c., to all lo whom these presents shall come, sendeth greeting: Whereas Thomas Hunt of the Westchester in the Co. of W. C. stands seized of an estate in tee simple, or one messuage or tenement, and a certain

» Alb. Assize Rec. vol. i. 129.

b Alb. Assize Rec. vol. i. 46.

• The Spicers and Brockets were doubtless some of the associates of John Throckmorton. At a court of assizes held November 5th, 1669, Mrs. Micah Spicer sued for thirty acres of land on Throckmorton's neck. Assize Rec. 225.

i§0 HISTORY OF THE - -

tract or parcel of land and meadow ground, lying, situate and being within the limits or bounds of the town of Westchester aforesaid, on two certain necks of land called by the name and names of Spicer's neck and Brockett's neck, wh said messuage or tenement and parcel of land and premises is now called and distinguished and known by the name of the Grove Farm of Westchester, being bounded on the east by a certain cove or bay which runs up to the north part of Spicer's neck, on the south by the Sound, on the west by the harbour and river that runs up to the sd town of Westchester, and on the north by a swamp and a certain creek wh runs into the sd river and divides the lands called Throgmorton's neck from Spicer's neck aforesaid ; Know yee That by virtue of the commission and authority from his most sacred Majesty and power in me being and residing, in consideration of the quit rent herein after reserved, and other good and lawful considerations me thereunto moveing, I have given, granted, ratified and confirmed, and by these presents do give, grant, ratify and &c., &c., &c., confirmed unto the said Thomas Hunt, his heirs and assigns, for ever, all the before recited messuages or tenements and tract or parcel of land and premises with their and every of their appurtenances tog(nher with all and singular houses, out-houses, barns, stables, orchards, gardens, yards, lands, meadows, meadow grounds, marshes, pastures, fields, woods, wood lands, under-woods, waters, lakes, creeks, coves, hunting, hawking, fishing and fowling, and all other proffits and comodiiy, easments, emoluments, hereditaments and appurtenances, to the above granted messuage, lands and premises belonging or in any wise. &c., &c., appertaining, as also liberty and the freedom of commonage for all sorts of cattle, cutting of timber and fire wood in the commons and common wood lands of Westchester aforesaid, as other the inhabitants of the said town of Westchester do or may enjoy, to have and to hold the said messuage or tenement, tract or parcel of land and premises, with all and singular the hereditaments and appurtenances thereunto belonging or appertaining, and herein before granted and confirmed unto the said Thomas Hunt, his heirs and assigns for ever, unto the sole and only proper use, benefit and behoof of him the said Thomas Hunt, his heirs, and assigns for ever ; and I the said Thomas D>)ngan do further vk'ill, declare and grant to the said Tliomas Hunt, his heirs and assigns, that the messuage lands and premises herein above granted and confirmed, shall and may at all time and times, &c., &c., hereafter for ever hold, use, retain and keep the name of the Grove Farm of Westchester, and by that name, style, to be known, called and distinguished in all bargains, sales, escripts, deeds, records and writings ; the said messuage or tenements, lands and premises to bee holden of his most sacred Majesty, his heirs and successsors, in free and common soccage, according to the tenure of East Greenwich, in the county of Kent, in his Majesty's kingdom of England, yielding, rendering and paying therefor yearly and every year unto his said most sacred Majesty, his heirs and successors, or to such officer or officers as shall from time to time be empowered to receive the same, viz. one bushell of good win-

tract or parcel of land and meadow ground, lying, situate and being within the limits or bounds of the town of Westchester aforesaid, on two certain necks of land called by the name and names of Spicer's neck and Brockett's neck, wh said messuage or tenement and parcel of land and premises is now called and distinguished and known by the name of the Grove Farm of Westchester, being bounded on the east by a certain cove or bay which runs up to the north part of Spicer's neck, on the south by the Sound, on the west by the harbour and river that runs up to the sd town of Westchester, and on the north by a swamp and a certain creek wh runs into the sd river and divides the lands called Throgmorton's neck from Spicer's neck aforesaid ; Know yee That by virtue of the commission and authority from his most sacred Majesty and power in me being and residing, in consideration of the quit rent herein after reserved, and other good and lawful considerations me thereunto moveing, I have given, granted, ratified and confirmed, and by these presents do give, grant, ratify and &c., &c., &c., confirmed unto the said Thomas Hunt, his heirs and assigns, for ever, all the before recited messuages or tenements and tract or parcel of land and premises with their and every of their appurtenances tog(nher with all and singular houses, out-houses, barns, stables, orchards, gardens, yards, lands, meadows, meadow grounds, marshes, pastures, fields, woods, wood lands, under-woods, waters, lakes, creeks, coves, hunting, hawking, fishing and fowling, and all other proffits and comodiiy, easments, emoluments, hereditaments and appurtenances, to the above granted messuage, lands and premises belonging or in any wise. &c., &c., appertaining, as also liberty and the freedom of commonage for all sorts of cattle, cutting of timber and fire wood in the commons and common wood lands of Westchester aforesaid, as other the inhabitants of the said town of Westchester do or may enjoy, to have and to hold the said messuage or tenement, tract or parcel of land and premises, with all and singular the hereditaments and appurtenances thereunto belonging or appertaining, and herein before granted and confirmed unto the said Thomas Hunt, his heirs and assigns for ever, unto the sole and only proper use, benefit and behoof of him the said Thomas Hunt, his heirs, and assigns for ever ; and I the said Thomas D>)ngan do further vk'ill, declare and grant to the said Tliomas Hunt, his heirs and assigns, that the messuage lands and premises herein above granted and confirmed, shall and may at all time and times, &c., &c., hereafter for ever hold, use, retain and keep the name of the Grove Farm of Westchester, and by that name, style, to be known, called and distinguished in all bargains, sales, escripts, deeds, records and writings ; the said messuage or tenements, lands and premises to bee holden of his most sacred Majesty, his heirs and successsors, in free and common soccage, according to the tenure of East Greenwich, in the county of Kent, in his Majesty's kingdom of England, yielding, rendering and paying therefor yearly and every year unto his said most sacred Majesty, his heirs and successors, or to such officer or officers as shall from time to time be empowered to receive the same, viz. one bushell of good win-

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. " 151

ter wheat as a quit rent, on or before the five and twentieth day of March, at the city of New York, in lieu and stead of all services, dues and demands whatsoever. In iesiimuny of the premises I have caused these presents to be recorded in the secretary's office, and the seal of the Province to be hereunto affixed, the &c., &c., &c., twelfth day of January, in the second year of his Majesty's reign, and in the year of our Lord one thousand six hundred eighty and six. a

Thomas Dongan, By his Majesty's command.

G. S. Swinton.

In 168S, William Barnes and Martha his wife conveyed lands on Throckmorton's neck, (situate near those of Robert Huestis) to Thomas Bedient.b

Thomas Hunt, senr., by his will bearing date 1694, " bequeathed to his grandson Josiah Hunt, eldest son of my son Josiah Hunt, •' the Grove Farm, to him and his heirs male, lohich was patented to me by Governor Nicolls Ath December, 1667, and further entails the same to the said Josiah and his heirs male lawfully begotten from generation to generation."

Tiie Grove Farm is now owned by the Ferrises, into which family it passed by the marriage of John Ferris with Hannah .Hunt.

At an early period James Rivington (the celebrated printer and bookseller of New Vork^) held considerable property on Throckmorton's neck. The successors of the Rivingtons were the Bayards, a family of considerable opulence and distinction. Samuel Vetch Bayard '• served under the Crown of England, and was a distinguished military officer. He died in Wilmot, Nova Scotia, A. D. 1832, aged seventy-five." Bayard purchased of Rivington the property now owned by Daniel Edgar, Esq.

Tiie Grove Farm is now owned by the Ferrises, into which family it passed by the marriage of John Ferris with Hannah .Hunt.

At an early period James Rivington (the celebrated printer and bookseller of New Vork^) held considerable property on Throckmorton's neck. The successors of the Rivingtons were the Bayards, a family of considerable opulence and distinction. Samuel Vetch Bayard '• served under the Crown of England, and was a distinguished military officer. He died in Wilmot, Nova Scotia, A. D. 1832, aged seventy-five." Bayard purchased of Rivington the property now owned by Daniel Edgar, Esq.

» From the original in the possession of Mr. Charlton Ferris.

b Co. Rec. Lib. A. 2.50.

<^ Rivington " was possessed of fine talents, polite manners, and was well informed. This is apparent from the correspondence of several of the leaders on the popular side, as well as from what has been here said, that his tact and ability in conducting a newspaper was much feared, and that his press had more influence over the public mind than any other in the royal interest in the couutrj'. Rivington died in J 803, set. 78." See Sabine's American Loyalists.

tm'- ' --. HISTORY OF THE ^--^ .- . .'

The grandsons of Colonel Samuel Vetch Bayard (who still reside in the vicinity) are William Bayard, M. D., of West Farms, and Mr. Edward Cooper of Throckmorton's neck.

A portion of Col. Bayard's estate was subsequently purchased by his brother William Bayard. The whole properly is now divided among numerous individuals.

This is apparent from the correspondence of several of the leaders on the popular side, as well as from what has been here said, that his tact and ability in conducting a newspaper was much feared, and that his press had more influence over the public mind than any other in the royal interest in the couutrj'. Rivington died in J 803, set. 78." See Sabine's American Loyalists.

tm'- ' --. HISTORY OF THE ^--^ .- . .'

The grandsons of Colonel Samuel Vetch Bayard (who still reside in the vicinity) are William Bayard, M. D., of West Farms, and Mr. Edward Cooper of Throckmorton's neck.

A portion of Col. Bayard's estate was subsequently purchased by his brother William Bayard. The whole properly is now divided among numerous individuals.

The second grantee under the Dutch, (in this town) was Thomas Cornhill or Cornell, who obtained the following "grond brief," or grant in 1646.

"We William Kieft, Director General, and the Council on the behalf of the High and Mighty Lords, the States General of the United Netherlands, the Prince of Orange and the noble Lords, the Managers of the incorporated West India Company in New Netherlands residing, by these presents do publish and declare that we, on this day the date underwritten, have given and granted unto Thomas Cornell a certain piece of land lying on the East River, beginning from the kill of Bronck's land east south east along the river, extending about half a Dutch mile from the river till to a little creek over the valley (marsh) which runs back around this land ; with the express condition and terms that the said Thomas Cornell, or they who to his action hereafter may succeed, the noble Lords the Managers aforesaid, shall acknowledge as their Lords and Patroons under the sovereignty of the High and Mighty Lords the States General, and unto their Director and Council here shall in all things be confirmed as all good citizens are in duty bound, provided also that he shall be furthermore subject to all such burdens and imposts as by their noble Lords already have been enacted, or such as hereafter may yet be enacted, constituting over the same the aforesaid Thomas Cornell in our stead in the real and actual possession of the aforesaid piece of land, giving him by these presents the full might, authority, and special license, the aforesaid piece to enter, cultivate, inhabit and occupy in like manner as he may lawfully do with other his patrimonial lands and effects, without our the grantors in the quality as aforesaid thereunto any longer having, reserving or saving any part, action or control whatever, but to the behoof as aforesaid for all destiny, for this lime and for ever more, promising furthermore this their transport firmly, inviolably and irrevocably to maintain, fulfil and execute, and furthermore to do all that in equity we are bound to do without fraud or deceit, these presents only as undersigned and confirmed with our seal of red wax here underneath suspended.

"We William Kieft, Director General, and the Council on the behalf of the High and Mighty Lords, the States General of the United Netherlands, the Prince of Orange and the noble Lords, the Managers of the incorporated West India Company in New Netherlands residing, by these presents do publish and declare that we, on this day the date underwritten, have given and granted unto Thomas Cornell a certain piece of land lying on the East River, beginning from the kill of Bronck's land east south east along the river, extending about half a Dutch mile from the river till to a little creek over the valley (marsh) which runs back around this land ; with the express condition and terms that the said Thomas Cornell, or they who to his action hereafter may succeed, the noble Lords the Managers aforesaid, shall acknowledge as their Lords and Patroons under the sovereignty of the High and Mighty Lords the States General, and unto their Director and Council here shall in all things be confirmed as all good citizens are in duty bound, provided also that he shall be furthermore subject to all such burdens and imposts as by their noble Lords already have been enacted, or such as hereafter may yet be enacted, constituting over the same the aforesaid Thomas Cornell in our stead in the real and actual possession of the aforesaid piece of land, giving him by these presents the full might, authority, and special license, the aforesaid piece to enter, cultivate, inhabit and occupy in like manner as he may lawfully do with other his patrimonial lands and effects, without our the grantors in the quality as aforesaid thereunto any longer having, reserving or saving any part, action or control whatever, but to the behoof as aforesaid for all destiny, for this lime and for ever more, promising furthermore this their transport firmly, inviolably and irrevocably to maintain, fulfil and execute, and furthermore to do all that in equity we are bound to do without fraud or deceit, these presents only as undersigned and confirmed with our seal of red wax here underneath suspended.

Done in the Fort Amsterdam in New Netherlands, this 26th of July, 1646, undersigned, ,.■ - , - • -. , , ■• . \.-

.■..(■-- . -■<- William Kieft«

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 153

By order of the noble Lords, the Director General and the Council of New Netherlands.

CoRNELis VAN TiENHovEN, Secretary.^

Upon the death of Thomas Cornell, the neck became vested in his widow who conveyed the same to her eldest daughter, Sarah, the wife of Charles Bridges.

In the book of general entries at Albany, occurs the following order addressed to the schoiit, biir2;omeesters. and schepens of New York :

" Upon the complaint of Charles Bridges and Sarah his wife against William Newman and Thomas Senequam, an Indian, now in custody, you are hereby required to summon a court to meet to-morrow, to examine, hear and determine the matters in controversie between the said partyes, and to proceed therein according to equity and good conscience. Given under my hand at Fort James, in New York, the 24th of March, 1664. '"b

Richard Nicolls.

The cause appears to have been decided in favor of Mr. Bridges and his wife, for on the 27th day of March, 1665, the constable of Westchester was required (by the Governor) "to deliver unto Mr. Bridges and his wife, or their assignees, the goods that lye attached in your hands as of right belonging to them, for doing whereof this shall be your warrant. Given under my hand at Fort James in New York, (fec."c Richard Nicolls.

The cause appears to have been decided in favor of Mr. Bridges and his wife, for on the 27th day of March, 1665, the constable of Westchester was required (by the Governor) "to deliver unto Mr. Bridges and his wife, or their assignees, the goods that lye attached in your hands as of right belonging to them, for doing whereof this shall be your warrant. Given under my hand at Fort James in New York, (fec."c Richard Nicolls.

In 1664, Thomas Pell of Onkway, Connecticntj laid claim to Cornell's neck.

Upon the 26th of October, 1664^ " Charles Bridges and Sarah his wife entered a protest before and against all bargains, deeds, and sales of Thomas Pell of Onkway, or any from or under him, of or concerning a parcel of land situated on the East River, beginning from the kill of Bronx land, east south east, likewise alongst the river bounded almost half a Dutch mile, a copy of

a Alb. Rec. G. G. 206, also 351.

b Alb. Book of Gen. Entries, from 1G64 to ItJGo, page 101.

0 Alb. Book of Gen. Entries, page 102.

Vol. II. 20

104 HISTOKY OF THE

the original grant whereof nnfo Thomas Cornell, father of the said Sarah Bridges they have also registered, until such time as the cause can be tried. "^i

The following particulars are taken from the assize records, in relation to a trial between the two parties, held on the 29th of September, 1665.

Charles Bridges } pjainfiT- Names of Jurors.

Entries, from 1G64 to ItJGo, page 101.

0 Alb. Book of Gen. Entries, page 102.

Vol. II. 20

104 HISTOKY OF THE

the original grant whereof nnfo Thomas Cornell, father of the said Sarah Bridges they have also registered, until such time as the cause can be tried. "^i

The following particulars are taken from the assize records, in relation to a trial between the two parties, held on the 29th of September, 1665.

Charles Bridges } pjainfiT- Names of Jurors.

and Sarah his wife, i =■ j^^^ Tucker, Foreman,

Thomas Pel!, Defendant. William Wilkins, John Emans,

. - . Charles Morgan, John Forster,

' ' Joseph Bayley, Robert Terry.

" The attorney for the plaintiffs produced a copy of the heads of the trial at the court of sessions held in Jutie last, at Hampstead, he likewise pnts in a declaration alledging the defendant's unjust molestation of the plaintiff"? in their possession of a certain parcel of land called CornelTs neck, lying and being near Westchester, which of right belongs unto them, &c.

To prove their tiile, a grant and patent from the Dutch governor, Kieft, to Thomas Cornell, deceased, father of Sarah, one of the plaintiffs, is produced and read in court, that upon the said grant, Thomas Cornell was in lawful possession of the said lands, and that he was at considerable charges in building, manuring, and planting ye same, that after some years the said Thomas Cornell was driven off" his said lands, by the barbarous violence of the Indians who burnt his house and goods, and destroyed his cattle, which was made appeare by sufficient testimony. That widow Cornell's conveyance of tlie said neck of land to Sarah Bridges, one of the plaintiffs, and her sister, was likewise given in, under which the plaintiffs claime.

To prove their tiile, a grant and patent from the Dutch governor, Kieft, to Thomas Cornell, deceased, father of Sarah, one of the plaintiffs, is produced and read in court, that upon the said grant, Thomas Cornell was in lawful possession of the said lands, and that he was at considerable charges in building, manuring, and planting ye same, that after some years the said Thomas Cornell was driven off" his said lands, by the barbarous violence of the Indians who burnt his house and goods, and destroyed his cattle, which was made appeare by sufficient testimony. That widow Cornell's conveyance of tlie said neck of land to Sarah Bridges, one of the plaintiffs, and her sister, was likewise given in, under which the plaintiffs claime. That the said widow Cornell was left sole executrix of the last will and testament of her husband, Thomas Cornell, deceased, and so had power to convey the premises ; this was allowed of, (although neither the will nor a copy thereof were produced,) there being no exceptions made against it. There was likewise an act from the late Dutch governor, Stuyvesant, produced, where he buyes the same lands of the Indians again, (though alledged to be bought long before,) and confirms it to Thomas Cornell, his heires and assigns.

Mr. Pell, the defendant, makes answer for himself, thai he bought the land m question in the year 1654, of the natives, and paid them for it. lie pleads his being a free denizen of England, and hath thereby liberty to purchase lands in any of his majesties dominions, within which compass this is. He alledges the fifth clause in the King's treaty, sent over hither to make for him, as declaring this land to be within his majesties dominions, he saith the governor

Pell, the defendant, makes answer for himself, thai he bought the land m question in the year 1654, of the natives, and paid them for it. lie pleads his being a free denizen of England, and hath thereby liberty to purchase lands in any of his majesties dominions, within which compass this is. He alledges the fifth clause in the King's treaty, sent over hither to make for him, as declaring this land to be within his majesties dominions, he saith the governor

Alb. Rec. Gen. Entries, vol- i- p. 14.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 155

and council of Connecticut fooke notice of this land to be under their government," and that they ordered magistratical power to be exercised at Westchester, and that he had license from them to purchase. He pleads that where there is no right there can be no dominion, so no patent could be granted by the Dutch, they having no right. Several testimonys were read to prove that ye Indians questioned Mr. Cornell's and other plantations there, about not paying for those lands, ivhich was the occasioji of their cutting them off and driving away the inhabitants, but the defendant hath paid a valuable consideration to the natives.

The attorney for the plaintiffs alledges ye articles of surrender, and the King's instructions, wherein any grant or conveyance from the Dutch is confirmed, and plead the antiquity of Mr. Cornell's grant and possession, together with his great losse. After a full hearing of the case it was referred to the jury, who brought in thair verdict for the plaintiffs, the defendant to pay costs and charges of suite, and sixpence damage."

Cornell's and other plantations there, about not paying for those lands, ivhich was the occasioji of their cutting them off and driving away the inhabitants, but the defendant hath paid a valuable consideration to the natives.

The attorney for the plaintiffs alledges ye articles of surrender, and the King's instructions, wherein any grant or conveyance from the Dutch is confirmed, and plead the antiquity of Mr. Cornell's grant and possession, together with his great losse. After a full hearing of the case it was referred to the jury, who brought in thair verdict for the plaintiffs, the defendant to pay costs and charges of suite, and sixpence damage."

Jtidgmeiit was accordingly granted by the court, and tlie following order issued.

" The court having heard the case in difference between the plaintiffs and defendant debated at large concerning their title to a certaine parcell of land, commonly called Cornell's neck, adjoining to Bronx land, near Westchester, and having also seen and perused their writings and evidences, it was committed to a jury, who brought in their verdict for the plaintiffs, viz , that thee land in question doth of right belong to the plaintiffs, and that the defendant shall pay the costs and charges of suit, and sixpence damage. The couit dolh give their judgment accordingly, and do likewise order that the high sheriff or the under sheriff of ye north riding of Yorkshire, upon Long Island, do put the plaintiffs in possession of the said lands and premises, and all persons are required to forbear the giving the said plaintiffs, or tiieir assigns, any molestation in their peaceable and quiet enjoyment thereof/'iJ

" The court having heard the case in difference between the plaintiffs and defendant debated at large concerning their title to a certaine parcell of land, commonly called Cornell's neck, adjoining to Bronx land, near Westchester, and having also seen and perused their writings and evidences, it was committed to a jury, who brought in their verdict for the plaintiffs, viz , that thee land in question doth of right belong to the plaintiffs, and that the defendant shall pay the costs and charges of suit, and sixpence damage. The couit dolh give their judgment accordingly, and do likewise order that the high sheriff or the under sheriff of ye north riding of Yorkshire, upon Long Island, do put the plaintiffs in possession of the said lands and premises, and all persons are required to forbear the giving the said plaintiffs, or tiieir assigns, any molestation in their peaceable and quiet enjoyment thereof/'iJ

In 1709 Col. Thomas Willett.c of Flushing, Long li>land, conveyed to his eldest son, Willianri Willett, '-all that certain parcel

a The legislature of Connecticut, (says the historian Trumbull,) determining to secure as far as possible the lands within the limits of their charter, authorized one Thomas Pell to purchase of the Indian proprietors all that tract between Westchester and Hudson's river, and the waters which made the Manhadoes an Island ; and resolved that it should be added to Westchester, 1G63. -- Trumbull's Hist, of Connecticut, 273.

b Alb. Assize Rec. p. 15.

c Col. Thomas Willett was the son of the Hon. Thonias Willett, first mayor of the city of New York, in 1GC5,

a The legislature of Connecticut, (says the historian Trumbull,) determining to secure as far as possible the lands within the limits of their charter, authorized one Thomas Pell to purchase of the Indian proprietors all that tract between Westchester and Hudson's river, and the waters which made the Manhadoes an Island ; and resolved that it should be added to Westchester, 1G63. -- Trumbull's Hist, of Connecticut, 273.

b Alb. Assize Rec. p. 15.

c Col. Thomas Willett was the son of the Hon. Thonias Willett, first mayor of the city of New York, in 1GC5,

156 HISTORY OF THE

of land contained within a neck, commonly called and known by the name of CorneWs neck^ bounded on the west by a certain rivulet that runs to the black rock, and so into Bronx's river."* From William WiUett, the neck passed to his brother Thomas Willett, who conveyed the same to his son William Willett. The latter was the father of Isaac AVillett, Esq., high sheriff of this county in 173S.i^ Cornell's neck is now owned by the families of Ludlow, Clason, and Beach.

Prior to 1647 we have seen that " Vredeland," (W^estchester) was settled under grants from the Dutch. But, about this period, a number of Puritans from Connecticut must have commenced a settlement, for, at a meeting of the New England commissioners, and Governor Stuyvesant, on the 19th of September, 1650, the latter complained of the English encroachments upon Westchester, and asserted that the " West India Company of Amsterdam, had bought and paid for the lands in question, of the right proprietors, the native Americans, before any other nation either bought or pretended right thereunto; he also affirmed he had proof of the first Dutch purchase."" Under the apprehension that the English settlements might be connected with the claim of jurisdiction, it was determined (by the Dutch) to remonstrate against it.

But, about this period, a number of Puritans from Connecticut must have commenced a settlement, for, at a meeting of the New England commissioners, and Governor Stuyvesant, on the 19th of September, 1650, the latter complained of the English encroachments upon Westchester, and asserted that the " West India Company of Amsterdam, had bought and paid for the lands in question, of the right proprietors, the native Americans, before any other nation either bought or pretended right thereunto; he also affirmed he had proof of the first Dutch purchase."" Under the apprehension that the English settlements might be connected with the claim of jurisdiction, it was determined (by the Dutch) to remonstrate against it. In 1654, it was resolved at a meeting of the director general and council, "that whereas a few English are beginning a settlem.ent at a great distance from our outposts, on lands long bought and paid for near Yreedlanf, to send there an interdict, and the attorney general, Cornells van Tienhoven, and forbid them to proceed, no further, but to abandon that spot, done at Fort Amstel, 5th IXovember, 1654."''

We have alrtaly seen that the principal intruder was Thomas PelI.e

This individual on the 14th of November, 1654, purchased a

* Co. Eec. lib. D. 38. From this family it obtained the name of Willetl's neck. b This individual married Isabella Morris, daughter of Lewis Morris, of Morrisania.

« Dunlap's Hist. N. Y. vol. i. 95.

«i Alb. Rec. vol. ix. ^75. •

• See trial between Thomas Pel! and Charles Bridges, page 154.

We have alrtaly seen that the principal intruder was Thomas PelI.e

This individual on the 14th of November, 1654, purchased a

* Co. Eec. lib. D. 38. From this family it obtained the name of Willetl's neck. b This individual married Isabella Morris, daughter of Lewis Morris, of Morrisania.

« Dunlap's Hist. N. Y. vol. i. 95.

«i Alb. Rec. vol. ix. ^75. •

• See trial between Thomas Pel! and Charles Bridges, page 154.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. WT

tract of land called " Westchester,'' of the sachem Ann-hock, alias Wampage, and other Indians.^

Upon the second of April, 1655, we find the following account of an interview between the Dutch ofiicer Van Elslandt and the English intruders.

" Van Elslandt went to protest against those of Vreedlandt. Four armed men came to meet them on the creek, asking what he willed? He answered, he wished to land near the house. They told him he should not land. He rejoined, allow me to go ashore, I am cold ; whereupon he sprang ashore, where he and Albert the Trumpeter were warned not to come a foot higher. Tile commander came up to us with a pistol in hand with eight or nine armed men, to whom he read the protest and handed it to him. He answered, I cannot understand Dutch, why did not the fiscal or sheriff send English? when he sends English then I will answer. We expect the determination on the boundaries, the next vessel. Time will tell whether we shall be under Dutch government or the Parliament ; until then we remain here under the state of England. Van Elslandt saw their houses and settlements, also the English arms hanging from a tree; they were carved on a board (plank.) Van Elslandt was left in a house on the shore well guarded with men."''

He answered, I cannot understand Dutch, why did not the fiscal or sheriff send English? when he sends English then I will answer. We expect the determination on the boundaries, the next vessel. Time will tell whether we shall be under Dutch government or the Parliament ; until then we remain here under the state of England. Van Elslandt saw their houses and settlements, also the English arms hanging from a tree; they were carved on a board (plank.) Van Elslandt was left in a house on the shore well guarded with men."''

The contiimed encroachments of the Enghsh upon " Ooostdorp,'' [East toion,) " which they called Westchester,'''' at last awakened the most vigorous opposition on the part of the Dutch authorities, for soon after Pell's purchase occurs the following resolution.

" The Director General and Council ore informed by creditable witnesses that the English in the village which they call Westchester, situated in Vreedlandt, about two miles from this city, not only encourage and shelter the fugitives from this proa See Pelham, page 515. This grant embraced tlie present townships of New Rochelle, Pelham, Eastchester and Westchester.

b Alb. Rec. Hoi. doc. i.x. 261, 263, 4.

= Which appears from the letters of the Burgomeesters, dated 23d Nov. 1G54, 16th April and 2d of May, 16.').5.

158 ■ HISTORY OF THE

vince,bnt,as plainly appears by a copy from a certain letter, that the high sheriff" Lieutenant Weyler kept in and about the time of our late dismal engagements with the savages, a constant correspondence with these barbarians. ^^ Wherefore to promote the welfare of the country, and defend the rights of the Lords Patroons, against such usurpations, it was unanimously resolved by tlie 13irector General and Couticil to arrest as secretly and easily as it can be performed, said Englishmen or at least their leaders, to compel the remaining to remove from there with their property, and the execution of this expedition to be intrusted to the valiant Captain Frederick de Coninck, Captain Lieutenant Brian Naton, and witli them the Attorney General, Cornelis Tiei.hoven, to execute his commission and apprehend the fugitives and thieves.

vince,bnt,as plainly appears by a copy from a certain letter, that the high sheriff" Lieutenant Weyler kept in and about the time of our late dismal engagements with the savages, a constant correspondence with these barbarians. ^^ Wherefore to promote the welfare of the country, and defend the rights of the Lords Patroons, against such usurpations, it was unanimously resolved by tlie 13irector General and Couticil to arrest as secretly and easily as it can be performed, said Englishmen or at least their leaders, to compel the remaining to remove from there with their property, and the execution of this expedition to be intrusted to the valiant Captain Frederick de Coninck, Captain Lieutenant Brian Naton, and witli them the Attorney General, Cornelis Tiei.hoven, to execute his commission and apprehend the fugitives and thieves. Done in Fort Amsterdam, 6th of March, 1656.

Peter Stuyvesant. Nicassius de Siile.

■ - La Montague.

- ■ ' Cornelis van Tienhoven.''

In accordance with the above order, the valiant Captain Frederick de Coninck euibarked in the ship Weigh-scales and proceeded to Westchester, where he succeeded in arresting several of the English thieves. Upon their arrival in the city, the following order appears in Council.

'•With regard to the English prisoners, lately brought hither from Vi'eedlandt, from the village which they call Westchester, who remain yet in confinement in the ship the Weigh-scales, it is unanimously concluded and resolved, that all those who before were on oath and allegiance of this government, and who therefore either for debts or other causes did run away, or against whom the attorney general supposes to have a just cause for indictment, these the aforesaid attorney general is authorized to secure in close confinement, and prosecute them agreeably to law. The remainder who either from New England or from other

'•With regard to the English prisoners, lately brought hither from Vi'eedlandt, from the village which they call Westchester, who remain yet in confinement in the ship the Weigh-scales, it is unanimously concluded and resolved, that all those who before were on oath and allegiance of this government, and who therefore either for debts or other causes did run away, or against whom the attorney general supposes to have a just cause for indictment, these the aforesaid attorney general is authorized to secure in close confinement, and prosecute them agreeably to law. The remainder who either from New England or from other

» Tlie Sacliems Pennekek and Oratang were very troublesome to the Westcliester settlements in 1655. -- Editor, h Alb. Rpc. vol. ii. p. 283.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER 159

places have been lured and decoyed by Mr. Pell or any other person to settle vvithui onr limits, of which district this city had a grant, to keep them in a civil arrest, either in the court house or any proper and convenient place, till a furtlier examination shall be instituted and our orders issued in conformity with these. Done in Council, in our fort at New Amsterdam, in New Nctherland, 14 March, 1G56.

Peter Stuyvesant. ■ ' ■ Nicassius de Sille.

" ■" La Montague.!^

On the 15tli of March, 1656, ihe attorney general presented his demand to the Director General and Council as plaintitf in the case.

Respectful Lords:

It is not only known to your Honors, but every one residing in this country, that since many years the district called VreedlandL was cultivated and inhabited in letters patent granted by your Honors and their predecessors by the Dutch, under your government, till the period of the general war in lfi43. Now it has happened that one Mr. Pell, residing at Onkeneg in New England, his dared against the rights and usages of Christian countries to pretend that he bought these lands of the natives, (which long since were purchased of them and paid by your Honors as evidenlly appears from the transfers in your records,) and actually made a beginning of settling and cultivating these lands, without your Honors previous knowledge or consent, directly contrary to the limits and decisions of 1650, concluded with tlie United Colonies of New England at Hartford, »> against which usurpation your attorney general, in his quality and in the name of the Lords his masters, had in due form entered his protest, w-hich the Lieutenant Wheeler, who there commands, not at all respecting, continues to remain there with his associates in planting and building, luring and accommodating our run-away inhabitants, vagrants and thieves, and others who for their bad conduct find there a refuge.

Pell, residing at Onkeneg in New England, his dared against the rights and usages of Christian countries to pretend that he bought these lands of the natives, (which long since were purchased of them and paid by your Honors as evidenlly appears from the transfers in your records,) and actually made a beginning of settling and cultivating these lands, without your Honors previous knowledge or consent, directly contrary to the limits and decisions of 1650, concluded with tlie United Colonies of New England at Hartford, »> against which usurpation your attorney general, in his quality and in the name of the Lords his masters, had in due form entered his protest, w-hich the Lieutenant Wheeler, who there commands, not at all respecting, continues to remain there with his associates in planting and building, luring and accommodating our run-away inhabitants, vagrants and thieves, and others who for their bad conduct find there a refuge. As it has pleased your Honors in conformity to the instructions and letters of the Lords majors, and in preservation of the convention made at Hartford, to keep it inviolated, to send thither a body of armed men to secure said Wheeler and his associates, who, as appears from their own declaration of the 14th

» Alb. Rec. vol. ii. 291.

b See negotiations between New England and Peter Stuyvesant concerning limits. Hazard's Hist. Coll. vol. ii. 156, 173, 549.

160 HISTORY OF THE '

of March had met there the Director General there present on the spot ivith an armed force, and declined to move from thence, saying that it was their land, on which said Englishmen were disarmed and twenty-three of them conducted as prisoners to the ship the Weigh-scales, leaving a few there to protect their wives, children and property. All which the attorney general demands that your Honors would send one or two of the oldest to Vreedlandt to inform the remainder of the English that they must leave that spot, taking with them all that they brought thither, under the penalty that if they acted otherwise, that then other measures shall be adopted according to law ; and further that the aforesaid Lieutenant Wheeler and his associates shall not be set at liberty before they have paid all the expenses which your Honors have been compelled to, through their conduct and disobedience, in that expedition in going thither with an armed force in boats.

All which the attorney general demands that your Honors would send one or two of the oldest to Vreedlandt to inform the remainder of the English that they must leave that spot, taking with them all that they brought thither, under the penalty that if they acted otherwise, that then other measures shall be adopted according to law ; and further that the aforesaid Lieutenant Wheeler and his associates shall not be set at liberty before they have paid all the expenses which your Honors have been compelled to, through their conduct and disobedience, in that expedition in going thither with an armed force in boats. Besides this they shall sign an act and promise under oath that they never more will inhabit any of the lands of our Lords and principals situated in Vreedlandt, now lately by them called Westchester, or any other lands within the limits finally concluded at Hartford, nehher settle, or build, or plant, or sow, or mow there, without a special order and consent of your Honors, under the penalty if they acted contrary to it of corporal punishment, as the case might require, &c.^

The council sustained this demand of the attorney general (as plaintiff,) the same day.

Upon the 16th of March, 1656, Lieut. Thomas "Wheeler and his English associates at Vreedlandt, voluntarily submitted themselves to the government of the New Netherlands. Their names were as follows :

Thomas N. Newman, Thomas Wheeler,

Robert Basset, Isaac Holbert,

John Cloes, Robert Rocs,

Sherrood Damis, James Bill,

Besides this they shall sign an act and promise under oath that they never more will inhabit any of the lands of our Lords and principals situated in Vreedlandt, now lately by them called Westchester, or any other lands within the limits finally concluded at Hartford, nehher settle, or build, or plant, or sow, or mow there, without a special order and consent of your Honors, under the penalty if they acted contrary to it of corporal punishment, as the case might require, &c.^

The council sustained this demand of the attorney general (as plaintiff,) the same day.

Upon the 16th of March, 1656, Lieut. Thomas "Wheeler and his English associates at Vreedlandt, voluntarily submitted themselves to the government of the New Netherlands. Their names were as follows :

Thomas N. Newman, Thomas Wheeler,

Robert Basset, Isaac Holbert,

John Cloes, Robert Rocs,

Sherrood Damis, James Bill,

William H. Fenfall, John S. Genner,

Richard C. Meares, Richard Osbort,

Samuel Harelt, AVilliam AVard.-

The following prisoners were released on the 25th of March, 1656, Captain R. Ponton, William Elet Black, merchant, John Gray and Roger Wheeler.b They were " commanded to depart the limits of the New Netherlands, except some of the inhabi-

» Alb. Rec. vol. ii. 301.

ii Arrested for taking up arms at Vreedland.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 161

tants of Vreedlant would adopt them and become bail for their good behaviour." "In 1656 the iuhabilauts of Westchester dispatched five of their number, viz., Lieut. Thomas Wheeler, Thomas Newman, John Lord, Jonah Wilbert, WilUam Ward and Nicolas Hurler, to the governor and council that they might confirm and establish them, and praying that they may in future appoint their civil ofiicers-''^

Rec. vol. ii. 301.

ii Arrested for taking up arms at Vreedland.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 161

tants of Vreedlant would adopt them and become bail for their good behaviour." "In 1656 the iuhabilauts of Westchester dispatched five of their number, viz., Lieut. Thomas Wheeler, Thomas Newman, John Lord, Jonah Wilbert, WilUam Ward and Nicolas Hurler, to the governor and council that they might confirm and establish them, and praying that they may in future appoint their civil ofiicers-''^

Having effected a settlement of the difficulties at " Oost-dorp,^' we find the director and his council ordering a supply of arms and ammunition for its protection. ...

" Being presented to the Hon'ble Director General and Council in New Netherland, a report of Brian Norton, captain lieut., Cornelis van Ruyven, secretary, and Carel van Brugge, commissary, appointed to go to Oost-dorp, the director general and council did approve it, upon which they resolved that they would send by the first opportunity to the magistrates of Oost-dorp the following ammunitions of war, to be preserved there for the use of the aforesaid village, and to be employed when necessity mioht require it, viz. : 12 muskets, 12 ]b. of powder,

12 1b. of lead, 2 bundles of matches.

And further, a writing book for the magistrates. Done in Fort Amsterdam, N. N., .^d June, 1657.

Peter Stuyvesant,

NlCASSIUS DE SiLLE,

Peter Tonneman.''i>

Upon the 28th of June, 1660, Governor Stuyvesant addressed the following letter to the inliabitants of Oost-dorp, (Easttown.)

Loving friends :

" Being presented to the Hon'ble Director General and Council in New Netherland, a report of Brian Norton, captain lieut., Cornelis van Ruyven, secretary, and Carel van Brugge, commissary, appointed to go to Oost-dorp, the director general and council did approve it, upon which they resolved that they would send by the first opportunity to the magistrates of Oost-dorp the following ammunitions of war, to be preserved there for the use of the aforesaid village, and to be employed when necessity mioht require it, viz. : 12 muskets, 12 ]b. of powder,

12 1b. of lead, 2 bundles of matches.

And further, a writing book for the magistrates. Done in Fort Amsterdam, N. N., .^d June, 1657.

Peter Stuyvesant,

NlCASSIUS DE SiLLE,

Peter Tonneman.''i>

Upon the 28th of June, 1660, Governor Stuyvesant addressed the following letter to the inliabitants of Oost-dorp, (Easttown.)

Loving friends :

Out of your nomination presented unto us we have made choice, as you may know by these presents, of

Josiah Gilbert,

Nicolas Bayley,

Thomas Wall. The which we, for the year following, do confirm and establish for magistrates of the towne called East town, requiring all and every one whom these may

=^ Alb. Rec. p. 318. b Alb. Rec. vol. xv. 8.

Vol. n. 21

162 HISTORY OF THE

concerne, to esteem them as our elected and confirmed magistrates for the said town. So, after my respects, I rest

Your loving friend and governor,

P. Stuyvesant.*

Amsterdam, N. N., 28ih June, 1660.

In 16G2, Governor Stuyvesant granted to the English towns tlie right to nominate their own magistrates, and to have their own courts, " hut in dark and dubious matters, especially in ^viichcraft, the party aggrieved might appeal to the governor and council."''

concerne, to esteem them as our elected and confirmed magistrates for the said town. So, after my respects, I rest

Your loving friend and governor,

P. Stuyvesant.*

Amsterdam, N. N., 28ih June, 1660.

In 16G2, Governor Stuyvesant granted to the English towns tlie right to nominate their own magistrates, and to have their own courts, " hut in dark and dubious matters, especially in ^viichcraft, the party aggrieved might appeal to the governor and council."''

Upon the nomination of town officers, the same year, the inhabitants addressed the governor as follows:

Right Hon'bie Lord Governor of the New Netherlands, Lord Stevensone : We, the inhabitants of the towne, do heare present our choice unto your honor, for the establishing of magistrates for the ensuing yeare ; these may give your honor fur to understand what the towne choyce is, as fulloweth, namely :

William Betts, Robert Huestis, John Quimbe,

Edward Waters, Nicolas Bay ley, Thomas Vaille.

East Towne, Feb. 11, 1662.=

About this period Connecticut claimed Westchester as lying within her jurisdiction -A in support of which she issued the following orders.

At a court of general assembly, held at Hartford October 9th, 1662: "This assembly doth hereby declare and inform the inhabitants of Westchester, that the plantation is included in ya bounds of our charter, granted to this colony of Connecticut. "^

To the Inhabitants of Westchester.

Hartford, this \Zth Oct. 1662. You are required in his majesties name to appear (or by your deputies,) at

« Alb. Rec. vol. xxiv. 38.

About this period Connecticut claimed Westchester as lying within her jurisdiction -A in support of which she issued the following orders.

At a court of general assembly, held at Hartford October 9th, 1662: "This assembly doth hereby declare and inform the inhabitants of Westchester, that the plantation is included in ya bounds of our charter, granted to this colony of Connecticut. "^

To the Inhabitants of Westchester.

Hartford, this \Zth Oct. 1662. You are required in his majesties name to appear (or by your deputies,) at

« Alb. Rec. vol. xxiv. 38.

b Alb. Rec. vol. xxi. 233-8

<: Alb. Rec. vol. xx. 51.

d July 10, 1663. Connecticut now laid claim to Westchester, (says Trumbull,) and sent one of her magistrates to bend the inhabitants to the choice of their officers, and to administer the proper oaths to such as they might elect. -- Trvmbull's Hist, of Conn. 268.

« Hartford Rec. Boundary Letters, vol. ii. 168.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 163

Hartford, the second Thursday in May next, to attend your duty according to his raajes.ties grants, by letters patent hereof. You may not fail at your peril.

John Mason, Deputy Governor.

To the Inhahilanls of Westchesler. [Connecticut seal.] 25/A of Oct. 1662.

Mr. Gold, Mr. Clark, chairman, Mr. Campfield, and Jehu Burr are hereby appointed to keep a court at Fairfield, when they see cause for the issuing and determining such causes and cases as shall then be presented. Clerk Stamford, Clerk Greenwich, and Westcliester, have hereby liberty to take the benefit of the court of Fairfield, as shall be in controversy amongst them for the future.

To the Inhahilanls of Westchesler. [Connecticut seal.] 25/A of Oct. 1662.

Mr. Gold, Mr. Clark, chairman, Mr. Campfield, and Jehu Burr are hereby appointed to keep a court at Fairfield, when they see cause for the issuing and determining such causes and cases as shall then be presented. Clerk Stamford, Clerk Greenwich, and Westcliester, have hereby liberty to take the benefit of the court of Fairfield, as shall be in controversy amongst them for the future.

This is a true copy of the order of the Hon. Genl. Assembly held at Hartford the 9th of Oct. last past, under the seal of the colony, and under^the hand of Daniel Clark, ClerL Transcribed for me, Will Hill, Clerk of the courts to be held at Fairfield. Copia scriptum per me,

Richard Mills.

Th€ absolute seal came not to the inhabitants of Westchester, only the sign as above, with the word seal above it.

Richard Mills. »

Another letter from Hartford, entitled an order of the general assembly at Hartford about Oost dorp.

"This assembly doth hereby declare and inform the inhabitants of West:, chaster that that plantation is included within the bounds of the charter granted to the colony of Connecticut, and as it late pleased his majesty, our gracious sovereign lord, Charles H., thus to dispose of them, we cannot but declare, that we conceive it most conducible to their tranquility and future peace, that they do demean themselves in all things as may declare and manifest their readiness to subject to his royal will and pleasure herein.

"This assembly doth hereby declare and inform the inhabitants of West:, chaster that that plantation is included within the bounds of the charter granted to the colony of Connecticut, and as it late pleased his majesty, our gracious sovereign lord, Charles H., thus to dispose of them, we cannot but declare, that we conceive it most conducible to their tranquility and future peace, that they do demean themselves in all things as may declare and manifest their readiness to subject to his royal will and pleasure herein.

The next assembly is appointed and ordered to be held at Hartford on the second Thursday in May next.

Copia scriptum per me,

Richard Mills.

Alb. Rec. vol. x.xi- 99.

164 HISTORY OF THE

;- • ••* Extracted from the records of the

. ' .' ^ colony court at Connecticut, and certified with the seal of the said court per Daniel Clark, Secretary. The signal of the seal above is come to the inhabitants of Westchester, absolute made in red wax, the motto I suppose to be the arborated craggy wilderness and the flying cloudr s.

Richard Mills, " - •

In this dilemma, we find the inhabitants of Westchester addressing Governor Stuyvesant in a letter which they sent by their two magistrates, William Betts and Edward Waters.

Westchester, the 30lh of April, 1663. Hon. Lord Stevenson, We humbly beseech you to understand, that wee the inhabitants of this place, have not plotted nor conspired against your Honour. The original of the writing here enclosed, were not in any measure, sought for by us, but were by the said court sent unto us when we expected them not. How to resist ihera we know not, they being as you see, in his majesties name of England. This was a reason why we choose not magistrates at present as formerly, and that wee hope that your honour will be herewith satisfied.

Lord Stevenson, We humbly beseech you to understand, that wee the inhabitants of this place, have not plotted nor conspired against your Honour. The original of the writing here enclosed, were not in any measure, sought for by us, but were by the said court sent unto us when we expected them not. How to resist ihera we know not, they being as you see, in his majesties name of England. This was a reason why we choose not magistrates at present as formerly, and that wee hope that your honour will be herewith satisfied. Your honour's loving friend, Richard Mills, in the name and by the appointment of the inhabitants of Westchester."

Governor Stuyvesant having ascertained, that the inhabitants of Westchester were about to send two delegates to Hartford, despatched the Sheriff Waldron with this letter.

Loving Friends, - ' '

We were much wondered, that you according to order and your duty, have not presented unto us your nomination of your new magistrates for this present year, being now four months past that this thing should be done, the reason wherefore being unknown to us, we have purposely sent and ordered the bearer, Resolve Waldron our substitute sheriff, (schout) for to inquire after the grounds and reasons thereof, which you are to give unto him in

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 1G5

writing, and send either your present magistrates to give us more fully information. So after our love, I shall rest,

Your loving friend and Governor, Done in Fort Amsterdam, inscribed,

We were much wondered, that you according to order and your duty, have not presented unto us your nomination of your new magistrates for this present year, being now four months past that this thing should be done, the reason wherefore being unknown to us, we have purposely sent and ordered the bearer, Resolve Waldron our substitute sheriff, (schout) for to inquire after the grounds and reasons thereof, which you are to give unto him in

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 1G5

writing, and send either your present magistrates to give us more fully information. So after our love, I shall rest,

Your loving friend and Governor, Done in Fort Amsterdam, inscribed,

N. Netherland, P. Stuyvesant.^

9 May, 16G3.

The same day Sheriff Waldron conducted tlie two magistrates, William Belts and Edward Waters, to Governor Stuyvesant, " who were asked, why they neglected to present to the Director General and Council in conformity to custom and orders, a new nomination of magistrates ? Their answer was, tjiat they in due time, when the nomination ought to have been made, called the inhabitants together, and requested them to nominate new magistrates for the ensuing year, who decHned to do so at two different times, because they had been summoned by those of Hartford in Connecticut colony, as clearly appears by the following English documents^ conveyed to them for this purpose, by the aforesaid colony, with the declaration of the aforesaid village, in the form of a letter to the Director General. Being further questioned why they did not communicate the aforesaid orders and letters of Connecticut colony, so as they ought to have done, and as other English villages actually did at the past instance, now more than half a year past, and now above it, had actually de novo, appointed two of their village to go and assist in the aforesaid order, on the stated day, at Hartford.

Their answer was, tjiat they in due time, when the nomination ought to have been made, called the inhabitants together, and requested them to nominate new magistrates for the ensuing year, who decHned to do so at two different times, because they had been summoned by those of Hartford in Connecticut colony, as clearly appears by the following English documents^ conveyed to them for this purpose, by the aforesaid colony, with the declaration of the aforesaid village, in the form of a letter to the Director General. Being further questioned why they did not communicate the aforesaid orders and letters of Connecticut colony, so as they ought to have done, and as other English villages actually did at the past instance, now more than half a year past, and now above it, had actually de novo, appointed two of their village to go and assist in the aforesaid order, on the stated day, at Hartford. Tiiey answer in the first, that they as magistrates, solicited an order to present to us the nomination, but that they could not obtain it while it was refused by me, Mr. Richard Mills who had it in his possession, or by an order of the people of that village, or in his own authority unknown to them. At last, they acknowledged and declared, that they through ignorance to maintain the peace and tranquility in said village, had committed a Aiult, and solicited with submission and prayed, to be excused for the present time. The director general and council having heard the submission and confession of guilt of the aforesaid persons, together

Richard Mills who had it in his possession, or by an order of the people of that village, or in his own authority unknown to them. At last, they acknowledged and declared, that they through ignorance to maintain the peace and tranquility in said village, had committed a Aiult, and solicited with submission and prayed, to be excused for the present time. The director general and council having heard the submission and confession of guilt of the aforesaid persons, together

Alb. Rec. vol. xxi. 80. t See preceding c'ocuments.

166 HISTORY OF THE

with the promises made by them, to dispose if possible, the inhabitants to make a new nomination of magistrates, and due obedience, resolved to let them return for the present time, and the following letter to the inhabitants was delivered to them.

Done at Fort Amsterdam in New Netherland,

12th May, 1663.=^

The letter delivered to the magistrates by Governor Stiiyvesant.

" Whereas, wee by the bearers, your present magistrates were informed, which in part your letters (subscribed by one Richard Mills) doe confirm, that the nomination for new magistrates at due time by them, were propounded at a town meeting, but hitherto differed through some unacceptable orders of Hartford's assembly, this, therefore, are to require and to order you and every one that are inhabitants of your towne, that I shall not attend any of there orders, nor that you shall not send any deputies thither, but that you shall, according to oath and duty upon sight of this presents, make nomination of magistrates for this present year, and present them upon Monday sennit before us, and if any should be unwilfully so to doe, we have ordered the bearers, that the names of such disobedient and troublesome persons shall be sent unto us, that we may act, and proceed against them according to law and judgment : so, after my love, I shall rest, your loving friend

" Whereas, wee by the bearers, your present magistrates were informed, which in part your letters (subscribed by one Richard Mills) doe confirm, that the nomination for new magistrates at due time by them, were propounded at a town meeting, but hitherto differed through some unacceptable orders of Hartford's assembly, this, therefore, are to require and to order you and every one that are inhabitants of your towne, that I shall not attend any of there orders, nor that you shall not send any deputies thither, but that you shall, according to oath and duty upon sight of this presents, make nomination of magistrates for this present year, and present them upon Monday sennit before us, and if any should be unwilfully so to doe, we have ordered the bearers, that the names of such disobedient and troublesome persons shall be sent unto us, that we may act, and proceed against them according to law and judgment : so, after my love, I shall rest, your loving friend

and Governor,

Done in Fort Amsterdam, P. Stuyvesant.

N. N.5 12 May, 16G3.

On the 14th day of May, 1663, the general assembly of Connecticut, choose " Mr. Willys, Mr. Gould, Capt. Sallcote and Capt. Young, as a committee to consider and give up their thoutrhts and apprehensions concerning the settlernent of Westchester and Stamford, and to make return to the court.''^

The same court also ordered, that " the letter drav/ne up by the committee to the Manhadoes, be drawn out ftiir and sent to the Lord Stephenson, &c., as also the letter to Westchester."*^

On the 14th day of May, 1663, the general assembly of Connecticut, choose " Mr. Willys, Mr. Gould, Capt. Sallcote and Capt. Young, as a committee to consider and give up their thoutrhts and apprehensions concerning the settlernent of Westchester and Stamford, and to make return to the court.''^

The same court also ordered, that " the letter drav/ne up by the committee to the Manhadoes, be drawn out ftiir and sent to the Lord Stephenson, &c., as also the letter to Westchester."*^

^ Alb. Rec. vol. xxl. 93-4.

!> Hartford Rec. Bound. Letters, vol. ii. 183.

« Hartford Roc. Bound Letters, vol. ii.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 167

For the purpose of answering these pretensions and claims on Westchester, Governor Stnyvesant repaired in person to Boston, and entered his complaints. In his interview with the commissioners (of the New England colonies) on the 21sl of Sept. 1663, he stated, " tliat he wished a friendly and neighborly settlement of differences concerning Eastdorpe hy the Enq-lisJi called Westchester^ and all other disputes, that the parlies may live in peace in the wilderness where many barbarous Indians dwell." He requested of the commissioners a categorical answer, whether the treaty of Hartford made in 1650, remained ^'•firm and bind- «n^," and whether the patent of Hartford, newly obtained, should extend westward. In conclusion, he expressed his willingness to abide by the treaty of Hartford."''-

Governor Stuyvesant was unsuccessful in liis negotiations with the commissioners, for he " found their demands in no wayanswerable to the rights of his superiors.''^

In his interview with the commissioners (of the New England colonies) on the 21sl of Sept. 1663, he stated, " tliat he wished a friendly and neighborly settlement of differences concerning Eastdorpe hy the Enq-lisJi called Westchester^ and all other disputes, that the parlies may live in peace in the wilderness where many barbarous Indians dwell." He requested of the commissioners a categorical answer, whether the treaty of Hartford made in 1650, remained ^'•firm and bind- «n^," and whether the patent of Hartford, newly obtained, should extend westward. In conclusion, he expressed his willingness to abide by the treaty of Hartford."''-

Governor Stuyvesant was unsuccessful in liis negotiations with the commissioners, for he " found their demands in no wayanswerable to the rights of his superiors.''^

While these negotiations were pending, Richard Mills (the leading magistrate of Westchester) appears to have been languishing in the dungeons of Fort Amsterdam ; for, on the 16th of May, 16G3, occurs the following petition from the prisoner :

" Right Hon. Gov. Lord Peter Stevenson, thy degraded prisoner Richard Mills, doe humbly supplicate for your favor and commiseration towards me, in admitting of ine unto your honor's presence, there to indicate my free and ready mind to satisfy your honor wherein I am able, for any indignity done unto your lordship by me in any way, and if possible to release me or confine me to some more wholesome place than where I am. I having been tenderly bred from my cradle, and now antient and weakly, and at this time, and ever since I came into this unwholesome place, I have been very ill, and lame with pains in my back, hip and joints, and I doubt not, in a few days, will perdite (endanger or destroy) my life, if not prevented by removal or release, will hope of your honor's gracious admittance and reception, and craving these my poor humble requests and prayers to God for your honor, I remain your lordship, at your pleasure,

I having been tenderly bred from my cradle, and now antient and weakly, and at this time, and ever since I came into this unwholesome place, I have been very ill, and lame with pains in my back, hip and joints, and I doubt not, in a few days, will perdite (endanger or destroy) my life, if not prevented by removal or release, will hope of your honor's gracious admittance and reception, and craving these my poor humble requests and prayers to God for your honor, I remain your lordship, at your pleasure,

Richard Mills. From the gaol in Fort Amsterdam, 16 May, 1663.=

a Dunlap'a Hist. N. Y. vol. i. 113. b Dunlaps's Hist. N. Y. vol. i. 113. « Alb. Rec. vol. xxi.

168 ' , HISTORY OF THE

Alarmed at the sii nmary manner in which the director had treated their leader, we find the inhabitants of AVestchcster hastening to nominate officers for tiie ensuing year.

Loving P"'riends,

Out of your nominations this day presented, we have made choice, as you may know by these presents, of

Robert Huestis, John Barker, Nicolas Bayley. The which we for the year following, doe confirm for magistrates of the towne, called East-towne, requiring all and every one whom these may concerne, to esteem them as our elected and confirmed magistrates for the said town ; so, after my love, I shall rest,

Your loving friend and Governor Amsterdam, N. N., P. S'ruvvESANT.a

24 May, 1663.

The humble petition of Richard Mills, to tlie Hon. High Couit of the Manhattas, held 9th of June, 1663, sho;veth :

The which we for the year following, doe confirm for magistrates of the towne, called East-towne, requiring all and every one whom these may concerne, to esteem them as our elected and confirmed magistrates for the said town ; so, after my love, I shall rest,

Your loving friend and Governor Amsterdam, N. N., P. S'ruvvESANT.a

24 May, 1663.

The humble petition of Richard Mills, to tlie Hon. High Couit of the Manhattas, held 9th of June, 1663, sho;veth :

That whereas, your honors have continued anger against me about some writings that were in my costody, I ovvne unto your honors that I did not well to embrace the receipt of, though thereunto importuned, my proper calling being to act in another sphere, and doe see cause to blame myself for undertaking to keep them ; and as for Richard Ponton, his carrying them away, I assure your honors that I never gave order to him or any others, measure soe to do : neither did I acquaint him directly or indirectly, where I should hide them. I so doing, prepared that I might be sure to have them when forced to send for them, which I can freely take my oath unto when called hereunto, wherefore I humbly beseech your honors wrath towards me may be purified, and freedom to me granted, soe as that T may proceed in my lawful calling, the short time I have to stay in these parts, being bound for Virginia in Sept. next, humbly craving pardon for what I have done amiss. I remain your honor's petitioner and prisoner,

I so doing, prepared that I might be sure to have them when forced to send for them, which I can freely take my oath unto when called hereunto, wherefore I humbly beseech your honors wrath towards me may be purified, and freedom to me granted, soe as that T may proceed in my lawful calling, the short time I have to stay in these parts, being bound for Virginia in Sept. next, humbly craving pardon for what I have done amiss. I remain your honor's petitioner and prisoner,

Richard Mills.

The preceding submission and confession of guilt of the pri-

Alb. Rec. vol. x.xi. 115.

COUNTV OF WE^STCHESTER. 169

soner, Richard Mills, made by him verbally and in writing, being heard and read, so is he discharged upon his humble petition, under the express promise, sanctioned by Iiis oath, that he never will undertake any thing either wiihin or out of this government, to the injury of this province, either directly or indirectly. Done in Fort Amsterdam, N. N., 18th of June, 1663.

By a court of general assembly, (held at Hartford, 8lh of Oct., 1663) it was ordered, that " this court doth accept of the town of Westchester as a member of this corporation, being received and accepted as such, by a council formerly.

This court moreover declares, that all the land between the Westchester and Stamford, doth also belong to the colony of Connecticut.''^^

In 1664. the inhabitants of Westchester addressed the following petition to the honorable his majesty's commissioners for the affairs of New England, which,

By a court of general assembly, (held at Hartford, 8lh of Oct., 1663) it was ordered, that " this court doth accept of the town of Westchester as a member of this corporation, being received and accepted as such, by a council formerly.

This court moreover declares, that all the land between the Westchester and Stamford, doth also belong to the colony of Connecticut.''^^

In 1664. the inhabitants of Westchester addressed the following petition to the honorable his majesty's commissioners for the affairs of New England, which,

'' Humbly showeth

1st, That the said tract of land called Westchester, was purchased for large siimmes, under the title of England, by Mr' Thomas Pell of the known ancient proprietors, in the year 16.34.

2d. The pretended power of the Manhatoes, did therefore continue protesting against and threatening of the said plantation, keeping the inhabitants at continual watch and ward, until at length the persons of twenty-three inhabitants of Westchester aforesaid, were seized under commission from the said powers, and committed prisoners into the hould of a vessel, where they continued in restraint from all friends, for the space of thirteen days, fed with rotten provisions creeping with worms, whereby some of them remained diseased to this day, after which, they were carried away in chains and laid in their dungeon at Manhatoes.

3d. That the said inhabitants had perished -vith famine in the said imprisonment, but for the relief obtained at other hands.

4th. That all this suffering was inflicted on them, under noe other pretence, but that they were opposers to the Dutch title to the lands aforesaid.

The pretended power of the Manhatoes, did therefore continue protesting against and threatening of the said plantation, keeping the inhabitants at continual watch and ward, until at length the persons of twenty-three inhabitants of Westchester aforesaid, were seized under commission from the said powers, and committed prisoners into the hould of a vessel, where they continued in restraint from all friends, for the space of thirteen days, fed with rotten provisions creeping with worms, whereby some of them remained diseased to this day, after which, they were carried away in chains and laid in their dungeon at Manhatoes.

3d. That the said inhabitants had perished -vith famine in the said imprisonment, but for the relief obtained at other hands.

4th. That all this suffering was inflicted on them, under noe other pretence, but that they were opposers to the Dutch title to the lands aforesaid.

5th. That when the said pretended powers had freed the said prisoners, and introduced their own goverment over the said plantation, they drove awaysuch as would not submit to their pretended authority, to their great endangerment, and the enslaving of such as remained.

6lh. That when in May, 1663, the said plantation was reduced to the king's

» Hartford Col. Rec. vol. ii. 188.

Vol. ii. 22

170 .' HISTORY OF THE

authority, by virtue of his letters patent to Connecticut, the pretended powers aforesaid* sent in hostile manner for certain inhabitants of Westchester, w-hom they confined in Manhatoes, and the next day sent for one Mr. Richard Mills, whom they cast into their dungeon, and afterwards so used him for thirty dayes space, as there are yet strong and crying presumptions they caused his death, which followed soone after.

Vol. ii. 22

170 .' HISTORY OF THE

authority, by virtue of his letters patent to Connecticut, the pretended powers aforesaid* sent in hostile manner for certain inhabitants of Westchester, w-hom they confined in Manhatoes, and the next day sent for one Mr. Richard Mills, whom they cast into their dungeon, and afterwards so used him for thirty dayes space, as there are yet strong and crying presumptions they caused his death, which followed soone after.

7th. That the unreasonable damage of the purchaser, and the low estate of the plantation occasioned by the premises, hath had no other recompense to this day, but new threatenings, and thereby an utter obstruction from the peopling and improveing of a hopeful country, all which is an insuperable abuse to his royal majesiie's, and our English nation, is humbly offered to the consideration of the lion, commissioners.'""

The difficulties between Connecticut and the New Netherlands continued to increase, until the subjugation of the latter by the British forces under Governor Richard Nicolls, on the 27lh of August, 1GG4.

"When Governor Nicolls visited Westchester, shortly after the surrender, the inhabitants complained to him, and as a matter of course were adjudged to belong to New York." Subsequently the towns of Westchester^ Hampstead and Oyster Bay constituted the north riding of Yorkshire.^

Upon the 113th of June, 1664, we find the inhabitants of Westchester surrendering all their rights to Thomas Pell in the following manner,

" Know all men by these presents, that whereas there was an agreement made the fourteenth of November, 1654, between Thomas Pell and divers persons, about a tract of land called Westchester, <^ which was and is Thomas Pell's, bounded as appears by an instrument bearing date as above expressed, wherein the undertakers engaged the payment of a certaine summe of money, present pay, for the said land expressed in the covenant, by reason of some troubles which hindered the underwriters possession, the agreement was not attended to, the present inhabitants considering the justnesse and right of the above said title of Thomas Pell, doe surrender all their rights, titles, and claimes, to all the tract of land aforesaid, to bee at the disposal of the said Thomas Pell, as being the true and proper owner thereof.

" Know all men by these presents, that whereas there was an agreement made the fourteenth of November, 1654, between Thomas Pell and divers persons, about a tract of land called Westchester, <^ which was and is Thomas Pell's, bounded as appears by an instrument bearing date as above expressed, wherein the undertakers engaged the payment of a certaine summe of money, present pay, for the said land expressed in the covenant, by reason of some troubles which hindered the underwriters possession, the agreement was not attended to, the present inhabitants considering the justnesse and right of the above said title of Thomas Pell, doe surrender all their rights, titles, and claimes, to all the tract of land aforesaid, to bee at the disposal of the said Thomas Pell, as being the true and proper owner thereof. Witness our hand,

» Alb. Rec. Gen. Entries, p. 11. Also Alb. Rec. vol. i. 120, 121.

b Westchester continued to form a portion of the north riding until 1683, when the present county was erected.

« At this period Westchester embraced tiie present town of Eastchester. See vol. i. 122.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 171

this 16th day of June in the yeere of our Lord one thousand six hundred and

sixty- four.

John Quimbie. John Winter.

Consider Wood. Richard Ponton,

Nickolas Balle. his J*^ mark.

John Barker. William Jones,

Robert Huestis. his > mark.

Edward Jessopp. John Acer.^

Will Beet. John Williams,

John Larens. his fx mark.

Samuel Barret, Samuel Pitcher,

his B mark. his p mark.

« At this period Westchester embraced tiie present town of Eastchester. See vol. i. 122.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 171

this 16th day of June in the yeere of our Lord one thousand six hundred and

sixty- four.

John Quimbie. John Winter.

Consider Wood. Richard Ponton,

Nickolas Balle. his J*^ mark.

John Barker. William Jones,

Robert Huestis. his > mark.

Edward Jessopp. John Acer.^

Will Beet. John Williams,

John Larens. his fx mark.

Samuel Barret, Samuel Pitcher,

his B mark. his p mark.

Thomas Vaille, Thomas Mollener. his y, mark. I)

Thomas Pell must have subsequently released to the inhabitants of Westchester, for on the 15th of February, 1667, occurs the following patent from Governor Nicolls.

FIRST PATENT OF WESTCHESTER.

Richard Nicolls, Esq., Governor General under his Royal Highness James, Duke of York and Albany, &c., of all his territories in America, to all to whom these presents shall come, sendelh greeting : Whereas there is a certain town within this government, situate, lying and being upon the main to the east of Harlem river, commonly called and known by the name of \Vestchester, which said town belongs to the north riding of Y''orkshire, upon Long Island, and is now in the tenure and occupation of several freeholders and inhabitants who having heretofore been seated there by authority, have been at considerable charge in manuring and planting parts of the lands belonging thereunto, and have likewise settled a competent number of families thereupon for a township, now for a confirmation unto the said freeholders and inhabitants in their possession and enjoyment of the premises, as also for an encouragement to them in their further improvements of their said lands and premises, Know ye, that by virtue of ye commission and authority unto me given by his Royal Highness, I have given, ratified, confirmed and granted, and by these presents do give, ratify, confirm and grant unto John Quimby, John Ferris, Nicholas Bayley, William Betts and Edward Waters, as patentees for and on the behalf of themselves and their associates, ye freeholders and inhabitants of ye said town, their heirs, successors and assignees, all that

Richard Nicolls, Esq., Governor General under his Royal Highness James, Duke of York and Albany, &c., of all his territories in America, to all to whom these presents shall come, sendelh greeting : Whereas there is a certain town within this government, situate, lying and being upon the main to the east of Harlem river, commonly called and known by the name of \Vestchester, which said town belongs to the north riding of Y''orkshire, upon Long Island, and is now in the tenure and occupation of several freeholders and inhabitants who having heretofore been seated there by authority, have been at considerable charge in manuring and planting parts of the lands belonging thereunto, and have likewise settled a competent number of families thereupon for a township, now for a confirmation unto the said freeholders and inhabitants in their possession and enjoyment of the premises, as also for an encouragement to them in their further improvements of their said lands and premises, Know ye, that by virtue of ye commission and authority unto me given by his Royal Highness, I have given, ratified, confirmed and granted, and by these presents do give, ratify, confirm and grant unto John Quimby, John Ferris, Nicholas Bayley, William Betts and Edward Waters, as patentees for and on the behalf of themselves and their associates, ye freeholders and inhabitants of ye said town, their heirs, successors and assignees, all that

» Doubtless Jan or John Archer, first lord of the manor of Fordham. b Westchester Town Rec.

» Doubtless Jan or John Archer, first lord of the manor of Fordham. b Westchester Town Rec.

172 - '^ HISTORY OF THE

tract of land together with the several parcels not otherwise by patent disposed of, which already have or hereafter shall be purchased or procured for and on the behalf of ye said town whether from the native Indian proprietors or others, within the bounds and limits hereafter set forth and expressed, (viz ) that is to say, ye western bounds of ye lands lying within ye limits of ye said town, beginning at the west part of the lands, commonly called Bronks' land, near or adjoining unto Harlem river, from whence they extend eastward to the west part of a certain neck of land, commonly called Ann-hook's neck or Mr. Pell's purchase, southward they are bounded by ye Sound or East River, and so runne upon a parallel line from the east and west limits north into ye •woods without liimitation for range of cattle or other improvements, together with all ye lands, soyles, necks and lands, rivers, creeks, harbours, quarries, woods, meadows, pastures, marshes, waters, lakes, fishing, hawking, hunting and fowling, and all other profits, commodities, endowments and heredaments to ye said land and premises within ye said bounds and lymits described and set forth belonging or in any ways appertaining, to have and to hold all and singular ye said tract and parcells of land, heredaments and premises, with their and every of their appurtenances and of every part and parcel thereof to ye said patentees and their associates, their heirs and assignees, to the proper use and behoof of ye said patentees and their associates, their heirs and assignees for ever. Moreover, I do hereby give, ratify, confirm and grant nnto the said patentees and their associates, their heirs, successors and assignees, all ye rights and privileges belonging to a town within this government, and that ye place of their present habitation shall continue and retain the name of Westchester by which name and style it shall be distinguished and known in all bargains and sales, deeds, writings and records, they ye said patentees and their associates, their heirs, successors and assignees, rendering and paying such duties and acknowledgements as now are or hereafter shall be constituted and established by the laws of this government, under the obedience of his Royal Highness, his heirs and successors.

Moreover, I do hereby give, ratify, confirm and grant nnto the said patentees and their associates, their heirs, successors and assignees, all ye rights and privileges belonging to a town within this government, and that ye place of their present habitation shall continue and retain the name of Westchester by which name and style it shall be distinguished and known in all bargains and sales, deeds, writings and records, they ye said patentees and their associates, their heirs, successors and assignees, rendering and paying such duties and acknowledgements as now are or hereafter shall be constituted and established by the laws of this government, under the obedience of his Royal Highness, his heirs and successors. Given under my hands and seal, at Fort James, in New York, on the isle of Manhattans, 13 February, in the 19lh year of his Majesty's reign. Anno Domini,

J667. - ■:■-..

' - • '.-.V,. Richard TSicolls.

In the Assize Recofds at Albany, appears the following entry.

" Whereas Mr. Thonms Pell of Ann-hookes neck, (Pelhani neck.) late deceased, upon pretence of purchase of several tracts of land of the Indian proprietors within 'the then government and jnsisdiction of the Dutch, made claiius nnto the same as namely, the lands belonging to Westchester, Eastcliester and Cromwell's neck, and that, after said land together with a larger tract formerly belonging to the said Dutch, were by his Majes-

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 173

ty's letters patent granted unto his Royal Highness the Duke of York, and by the said Dutch surrendered by agreement unto his Royal Highness's deputy Col. Richard Nicoils before whom said Pell did personally appear the first assizes held in New York, and then to make good his claim to the lands aforesaid, and where it being sufficiently and lawfully proved that the aforesaid lands, together with a large tract as far as Greenwich, was before purchased by the late Dutch government, and whatsoever part thereof was not by him granted out, was of right property belonging unto his Royal Highness, so:ne of which was granted to Thomas Richbell, &c., &c.

Richard Nicoils before whom said Pell did personally appear the first assizes held in New York, and then to make good his claim to the lands aforesaid, and where it being sufficiently and lawfully proved that the aforesaid lands, together with a large tract as far as Greenwich, was before purchased by the late Dutch government, and whatsoever part thereof was not by him granted out, was of right property belonging unto his Royal Highness, so:ne of which was granted to Thomas Richbell, &c., &c.

In 1673, the province of New York, surrendered to the Dutch. Upon tins occasion we find the inhabitants of Oost-dorp tendering their submission.

" Tlie deputies of Oost-dorp alias Westchester and adjacent hannlet of Eastchester, delivering their credentials, oflered to submit themselves to the government of their high mightinesses, and the Prince of Orange, and were commanded to nominate by their inhabitants a double number of magistrates for the aforesaid villages, by a majority of votes, and to present it to the council by the first opportunity, fiom which we shall elect three for their magistrates, viz., two for the village of Westchester, and one for Eastchester, who in his village may decide all differences to the value of thirty shillings ; those of higher value shill be determined by the whole college, in the village of Westchester aforesaid."^

On the 28ih of August, 1(373, the lords commanders of the New Netherlands, made choice of Joseph Palmer and Edward Waters as magistrates for Westchester. ^^

" Tlie deputies of Oost-dorp alias Westchester and adjacent hannlet of Eastchester, delivering their credentials, oflered to submit themselves to the government of their high mightinesses, and the Prince of Orange, and were commanded to nominate by their inhabitants a double number of magistrates for the aforesaid villages, by a majority of votes, and to present it to the council by the first opportunity, fiom which we shall elect three for their magistrates, viz., two for the village of Westchester, and one for Eastchester, who in his village may decide all differences to the value of thirty shillings ; those of higher value shill be determined by the whole college, in the village of Westchester aforesaid."^

On the 28ih of August, 1(373, the lords commanders of the New Netherlands, made choice of Joseph Palmer and Edward Waters as magistrates for Westchester. ^^

In 16S6, Governor Dongan issued the following letters patent under the great seal of the province.

SECOND PATENT OF WESTCHESTER.

Thomas Dongan, captain general, governor-in-chief and vice admiral in all the province of New York, and territories depending thereon in America, under his majesty James Second, by the grace of God king of England, Scotland, France, and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, &c.,to all whom these presents shall come sendeth greeting : Whereas Richard Nicolls, Esq., governor general under iiis then royal highness, James, Duke of York and Albany,

a Alb. Rec. vol. .xxiii. 273. t Eastchester Rec.

174 V : HISTORY OF THE

&c., now his present nnajesty, of all his territories in America did, by a certain writing or patent, under his hand and seal, bearing date the fifteenth day of February, in the nineteenth year of the reign of our late sovereign lord, King Charles the Second of blessed memory, and in the year of our Lord God 1G67, by virtue of the power and authority unto him given by him, the said royal highness, now his present majesty as aforesaid.

&c., now his present nnajesty, of all his territories in America did, by a certain writing or patent, under his hand and seal, bearing date the fifteenth day of February, in the nineteenth year of the reign of our late sovereign lord, King Charles the Second of blessed memory, and in the year of our Lord God 1G67, by virtue of the power and authority unto him given by him, the said royal highness, now his present majesty as aforesaid. Give, ratify, confirm and grant unto John Quimby, John Ferris, Nicholas Baily, William Belts, and Edward Waters as patentees for and in the behalf of themselves and their associates, the freeholders and inhabiiants of the town of Westchester, within this government, situate, lying, and being upon the main, to the east of Harlem river, which said town belongs to the North Riding of Yorkshire, upon Long Island, then in the tenure and occupation of several freeholders and inhabitants who had theretofore been seated on them by authority, and at considerable charge in manuring and planting part of the land belonging thereunto, and likewise have settled a competent number of families thereupon for a township, all that t-act of land together with the several parcels not otherwise by patent disposed of, which already had or thereafter should be purchased or procured, for and in the behalf of the said town, whether fi-om the native Indian proprietors or others with the bounds and limits hereafter set forth and expressed, viz., the eastern bounds of the lands lying within the limits of the said town, beginning at the west part of the land commonly called Bronk's land, near or adjoining unto Harlem river, from whence they extend eastward to the west part of a certain neck of land, commonly called Ann-hooks neck, or Mr.

Give, ratify, confirm and grant unto John Quimby, John Ferris, Nicholas Baily, William Belts, and Edward Waters as patentees for and in the behalf of themselves and their associates, the freeholders and inhabiiants of the town of Westchester, within this government, situate, lying, and being upon the main, to the east of Harlem river, which said town belongs to the North Riding of Yorkshire, upon Long Island, then in the tenure and occupation of several freeholders and inhabitants who had theretofore been seated on them by authority, and at considerable charge in manuring and planting part of the land belonging thereunto, and likewise have settled a competent number of families thereupon for a township, all that t-act of land together with the several parcels not otherwise by patent disposed of, which already had or thereafter should be purchased or procured, for and in the behalf of the said town, whether fi-om the native Indian proprietors or others with the bounds and limits hereafter set forth and expressed, viz., the eastern bounds of the lands lying within the limits of the said town, beginning at the west part of the land commonly called Bronk's land, near or adjoining unto Harlem river, from whence they extend eastward to the west part of a certain neck of land, commonly called Ann-hooks neck, or Mr. Fell's purchase, southward they are bounded by the Sound or East river, and so run upon a paralel line, for the east and west limits, north into the woods without limitation, for range of cattle or other improvements, together with all the lands, soyles, neck, &c., &c. William Richardson, John Hunt, Edward Waters, Robert Hnestis, Richard Ponton, William Barnes, John Beybie, John Bailey, John Tudor, John Ferris, Joseph Palmer, Thomas Baxter, freeholders of the commonality of the town of Westchester. 6lh Januaiy, IGSG. ,,.- ■;•■•'■. . .' ' '. j ,,

Fell's purchase, southward they are bounded by the Sound or East river, and so run upon a paralel line, for the east and west limits, north into the woods without limitation, for range of cattle or other improvements, together with all the lands, soyles, neck, &c., &c. William Richardson, John Hunt, Edward Waters, Robert Hnestis, Richard Ponton, William Barnes, John Beybie, John Bailey, John Tudor, John Ferris, Joseph Palmer, Thomas Baxter, freeholders of the commonality of the town of Westchester. 6lh Januaiy, IGSG. ,,.- ■;•■•'■. . .' ' '. j ,,

■ ■"• " ■ ■ ■■ Thomas Dongan.

October 16S7, "it was voted, and agreed upon, by the major part of the trustees, that John Ferris, sen., and Joseph Palmer, should go on Monday next, &c., and run the north-west line, from the head of Hutchinson's, to Broncks's river; it was also voted that Joseph Palmer and Edward Waters shall go with the Indians and shew them the line as near as they can, that runs between Mr. Pell and our town, as also the line which runs betwixt this town and Eastchester."^

Westchester Rec

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 175

Upon the 27th of May, 1692, we find the Indian proprietors, Maniinepoe and Wampage, conveying, the following tract of land, to the trustees of Westchester.

" To all Christian people to whom this deed of sale shall come, greeting : Knoiu ye, that wee, Maminepoe and Wampage alias Ann-hook, Indian pro^ prietors of a certain tract of land lying within the limits and bounds of the patent of the county town of Westchester, in the province of New York, for a valuable consideration, and other considerations us thereimto moving, and having taken the advice and approbation of several native Indians here underwritten, to us in hand paid by John Palmer, William Barnes, William Richardson, Joseph Palmer, Samuel Palmer, Robert Huestis, John Ferris, John Hunt, Joseph Hunt, Josiah Hunt, Thomas Baxter, and Edward Collier, trustees of the freehold and commonality of the town of Westchester aforesaid, the receipt whereof we do hereby acknowledge and therewith to be lawfully satisfied, contented, and paid, and thereof do acquit, exonerate, and release, and discharge the said trustees, their heirs, successors, and assignees forever, have given, granted, bargained, sold, enfeoffed, released, and confirmed, and by these presents do fully, clearly, absolutely, give, grant, bargain, sell, enfeof, release, and confirm unto the said trustees, their heirs, successors and assignees forever, all that tract of land lying on the east side of Brunxs's river, beginning at the pine trees and so compassing all the land which we the said Maminepoe and Wampage layes claim to, until they come to the head of Rattle Snake brook, and from thence north-east to Mr.

" To all Christian people to whom this deed of sale shall come, greeting : Knoiu ye, that wee, Maminepoe and Wampage alias Ann-hook, Indian pro^ prietors of a certain tract of land lying within the limits and bounds of the patent of the county town of Westchester, in the province of New York, for a valuable consideration, and other considerations us thereimto moving, and having taken the advice and approbation of several native Indians here underwritten, to us in hand paid by John Palmer, William Barnes, William Richardson, Joseph Palmer, Samuel Palmer, Robert Huestis, John Ferris, John Hunt, Joseph Hunt, Josiah Hunt, Thomas Baxter, and Edward Collier, trustees of the freehold and commonality of the town of Westchester aforesaid, the receipt whereof we do hereby acknowledge and therewith to be lawfully satisfied, contented, and paid, and thereof do acquit, exonerate, and release, and discharge the said trustees, their heirs, successors, and assignees forever, have given, granted, bargained, sold, enfeoffed, released, and confirmed, and by these presents do fully, clearly, absolutely, give, grant, bargain, sell, enfeof, release, and confirm unto the said trustees, their heirs, successors and assignees forever, all that tract of land lying on the east side of Brunxs's river, beginning at the pine trees and so compassing all the land which we the said Maminepoe and Wampage layes claim to, until they come to the head of Rattle Snake brook, and from thence north-east to Mr. Pell's land, so north by said Pell's marked trees by Brunxs's river, together with the woods, underwoods, timber, trees, waters, rivers, runs, brooks, and all and singular the emollements, hereditaments, rights, privileges, and appurtenances thereunto belonging or appertaining, (only reserving to ourselves the privilege of making use of white wood trees for our particular use,) to have and to hold the before recited premises, with all and every of its appurtenances, unto the said trustees, their heirs, successors, and assignees, to the only proper use, benefit and behoof of them the said trustees, their heirs, successors, and assignees forever, and it shall and may be lawful for the said trustees, their heirs, successors, and assignees, from henceforth and forever, to have and to hold, use, occupy, and enjoy the said tract of land, free from all incumbrances whatsoever, unto the said trustees, their successors and assignees forever, without any manner of claime, challenge, or demand of us, our heirs, executors, or administrators, or any other native Indians or Christian people, by, from, or under us, or any person or persons whatsoever, and we the said Maminepoe and Wampage alias Ann-hook, shall and will forever warrant and defend the said tract of land unto the said freeholders of the corporation of Westchester, their heirs and assignees forever.

Pell's land, so north by said Pell's marked trees by Brunxs's river, together with the woods, underwoods, timber, trees, waters, rivers, runs, brooks, and all and singular the emollements, hereditaments, rights, privileges, and appurtenances thereunto belonging or appertaining, (only reserving to ourselves the privilege of making use of white wood trees for our particular use,) to have and to hold the before recited premises, with all and every of its appurtenances, unto the said trustees, their heirs, successors, and assignees, to the only proper use, benefit and behoof of them the said trustees, their heirs, successors, and assignees forever, and it shall and may be lawful for the said trustees, their heirs, successors, and assignees, from henceforth and forever, to have and to hold, use, occupy, and enjoy the said tract of land, free from all incumbrances whatsoever, unto the said trustees, their successors and assignees forever, without any manner of claime, challenge, or demand of us, our heirs, executors, or administrators, or any other native Indians or Christian people, by, from, or under us, or any person or persons whatsoever, and we the said Maminepoe and Wampage alias Ann-hook, shall and will forever warrant and defend the said tract of land unto the said freeholders of the corporation of Westchester, their heirs and assignees forever. In witness whereof we the said Maminepoe and

HISTORY OK THE

Wampage, alias Ann-hook, have put to our hands and seales this 27th of May, in the fourth year of their majesties reign, and A. D. 1692.

In witness whereof we the said Maminepoe and

HISTORY OK THE

Wampage, alias Ann-hook, have put to our hands and seales this 27th of May, in the fourth year of their majesties reign, and A. D. 1692.

Signed, sealed, and delivered in presence of us,

Abraham Hawker,

Isac Larens,

The mark of John Garretson.

The mark of < Maminepoe. The mark of V Wampage,

[alias Atin-hook. The mark of X Crohamananthense. The mark of V Mamertekoh.

Native Indian witnesses to the above deed. The mark of X Weenetonah. The mark of V Tanancot. The mark of X Coshehoa. The mark oO Rauh Couwind. The mark of C Tom.

The following entry in the town books refers to this sale : " At a nfieeting of the inhabitants hold the 27th of May, 1692, this day, the land on the east side of Broncks's river, till wee come to Mr. Pell'cj line, was purchased of Maminepoe and Ann- Hook for

2 gunns,

2 shins, 2 adzes,

2 coats,

2 kettles,

1 barrel of cider,

6 bitts in money.

DISBURSEMENTS UPON THE INDIAN PURCHASE.

William Barnes, 1 kettle.

To expences to ye Indians,

John Hunt, I coate, -.- . . ,

For money, . . .'■:".'.

To Indian supper and other expences,

William Richardson, 2 shirts,

John Ferris, sen. 1 coate.

To 1 day with the Indians,

Josiah Hunt, 2 adzes, and 3s. Bd. in money

Samuel Palmer, 1 gun, .

Thomas Baxter, 1 gun, .

Joseph Hunt, I barrel of cider,

6 bitts in money.

DISBURSEMENTS UPON THE INDIAN PURCHASE.

William Barnes, 1 kettle.

To expences to ye Indians,

John Hunt, I coate, -.- . . ,

For money, . . .'■:".'.

To Indian supper and other expences,

William Richardson, 2 shirts,

John Ferris, sen. 1 coate.

To 1 day with the Indians,

Josiah Hunt, 2 adzes, and 3s. Bd. in money

Samuel Palmer, 1 gun, .

Thomas Baxter, 1 gun, .

Joseph Hunt, I barrel of cider,

'2

i;8 4 6

Robert Huestis and Thomas Baxter, 1 gun.

« Alb. Rec. gen. entries. See also Town Rec. 27th March, 1704, Joseph Hunt was directed to go to the clerk of the county and see the Indian deed recorded.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 177

At a meeting held by the trustees of Westchester the sixth day

" Present, William Barnes, John Ferris, Joseph Palmer, Samuel Palmer, Thomas Baxter, John Bayley, John Hunt, Robert Huestis and Edward Collier. It was voted and agreed upon, that John Ferris, sen. and Joseph Palmer should go to Mr. Pell's and proceed to have the line run between the town and him, &c., and report of their doings next Tuesday."

Fourth of September, 1694, it was agreed upon at a lawful town meeting that Richardson shall have free liberty to build or erect a mill or mills npon the stream on the great creek of the town, for and in consideration of grinding of the inhabitants' corn, for the fourteenth part, also liberty of cutting timber for a saw mill. Done in behalf of the town, &c.

Pell's and proceed to have the line run between the town and him, &c., and report of their doings next Tuesday."

Fourth of September, 1694, it was agreed upon at a lawful town meeting that Richardson shall have free liberty to build or erect a mill or mills npon the stream on the great creek of the town, for and in consideration of grinding of the inhabitants' corn, for the fourteenth part, also liberty of cutting timber for a saw mill. Done in behalf of the town, &c.

In 1700 it was resolved at a meeting of the inhabitants, "That the line between" " Thomas Pell's patent and the town of Westchester, (pursuant to the grants made by Governor Nicolls,) shall be run by the surveyor general of the province of New York, and that the standard for running said line shall be pitched and placed and sett in the middle of" " Hutchinson's river at the going over of the road as far up as the tide flows, and so to run upon a north line to Broncks's river, and northward down said river in the middle of the channel to the Sound, which said bounds or lines to continue forever between the said Thomas Pell's patent and the said town of Westchester.''^-

The same year a grant of land appears to have been made by the inhabitants to John Pell, Esq.b

At a meeting of the trustees held 23d day of January, A. D. 1720, present, Miles Oakley, president, Trustees. John Oakley, John Ferris,

In 1700 it was resolved at a meeting of the inhabitants, "That the line between" " Thomas Pell's patent and the town of Westchester, (pursuant to the grants made by Governor Nicolls,) shall be run by the surveyor general of the province of New York, and that the standard for running said line shall be pitched and placed and sett in the middle of" " Hutchinson's river at the going over of the road as far up as the tide flows, and so to run upon a north line to Broncks's river, and northward down said river in the middle of the channel to the Sound, which said bounds or lines to continue forever between the said Thomas Pell's patent and the said town of Westchester.''^-

The same year a grant of land appears to have been made by the inhabitants to John Pell, Esq.b

At a meeting of the trustees held 23d day of January, A. D. 1720, present, Miles Oakley, president, Trustees. John Oakley, John Ferris,

Thomas Hadden, Peter Ferris,

Thomas Baxter, Joshua Hunt,

Israel Honeywell, Nathaniel Underbill.

"Whereas several persons have come with boats, canoes, &c., a fishing,

a Town Rec. b Town Rec.

YoL. n. 23

173 •' HISTORY OF THE

and have broke up our ground, and taken away ye oysters from within ye limits of our patent, in an unlawful manner, therefore, it is voted and agreed upon by the trustees aforesaid, that any person or persons who shall at any time hereafter trespass upon us by fithing, breaking our ground, and taking cur oysters in ye manner aforesaid, shall be immediately prosecuted according to law for such trespass or trespasses, and it is also voted and agreed upon by ye trustees aforesaid, that John Ferris, Thomas Baxter, Joshua Hunt, of Westchester, Capt. Joseph Drake, Nathaniel Tompkins, and Moses Fowler, of Eastchester, do immediately put this into execution ; and it is also agreed that if any freeholder of Westchester do take any oysters to transport out of our township to make sale thereof, such freeholder or freholders shall be esteemed as trespassers, &c.

and have broke up our ground, and taken away ye oysters from within ye limits of our patent, in an unlawful manner, therefore, it is voted and agreed upon by the trustees aforesaid, that any person or persons who shall at any time hereafter trespass upon us by fithing, breaking our ground, and taking cur oysters in ye manner aforesaid, shall be immediately prosecuted according to law for such trespass or trespasses, and it is also voted and agreed upon by ye trustees aforesaid, that John Ferris, Thomas Baxter, Joshua Hunt, of Westchester, Capt. Joseph Drake, Nathaniel Tompkins, and Moses Fowler, of Eastchester, do immediately put this into execution ; and it is also agreed that if any freeholder of Westchester do take any oysters to transport out of our township to make sale thereof, such freeholder or freholders shall be esteemed as trespassers, &c. Provided that the fieeholders in general of Eastchester shall not be esteemed trespassers according to this act, excepting such of theiTi as shall take oysters within ye limits of West and Eastchester to transport them out of ye said townships to make sale thereof,"^ &c.

Ill the reign of Goorge tlie first, a charter was granted to tlie trustees of this town, entitled, "an act to prevent the fencing in or enclosing the sheep pasture, or any part thereof, in the borough town of Westchester," &c. Dated 28th February, in the eighth year of his reign, and of our Lord God, 1721.

The sheep pasture embraced what was subsequently known as the coriimons. Upon this extensive waste, tlie freeholders of the town enjoyed the free use of pasturage. The commons were purchased by Martin Wilkins, of the trustees, in 1825, and are now owned by his son, Governeur M. Wilkins, Esq.. of Castle hill neck.

Ill the reign of Goorge tlie first, a charter was granted to tlie trustees of this town, entitled, "an act to prevent the fencing in or enclosing the sheep pasture, or any part thereof, in the borough town of Westchester," &c. Dated 28th February, in the eighth year of his reign, and of our Lord God, 1721.

The sheep pasture embraced what was subsequently known as the coriimons. Upon this extensive waste, tlie freeholders of the town enjoyed the free use of pasturage. The commons were purchased by Martin Wilkins, of the trustees, in 1825, and are now owned by his son, Governeur M. Wilkins, Esq.. of Castle hill neck.

The village of Westchester is situated at the head of navigation, on Westchester creek, ^ twelve miles from the city of New York; it contains about four liundred inhabitants, fifty dwellings, an Episcopal, a Roman Catholic, a Methodist church and two Friends' meeting houses, three taverns, a post office and four stores. Here is a convenient landing, fiom which ply three

" Town Rec. fol, ix. 120, 121. -- At a court of common council held 1740, it was ordained that no person not belonging to this corporation do take and carry away our clams or oysters, but that all boats, canoes, or other craft belonging to persons who shall presume to take the same, not inhabiting witliin this county, shall be seized, and further no person belonging to this corporation shall have power to give eave to any person not living in this corporation to get oysters or clams.

" Town Rec. fol, ix. 120, 121. -- At a court of common council held 1740, it was ordained that no person not belonging to this corporation do take and carry away our clams or oysters, but that all boats, canoes, or other craft belonging to persons who shall presume to take the same, not inhabiting witliin this county, shall be seized, and further no person belonging to this corporation shall have power to give eave to any person not living in this corporation to get oysters or clams.

b Called by the Dutch, Oost dorp kil.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 179

sloops to the New York market. The Westchester ereek (at high water) admits of vessels carrying 300 tons, to the landing. There are three school districts in the town, viz., Westchester village, Throckmorton^s neck, and Bear swamp. There are also several manufactories, and two grist mills, one of which is a tide mill."-

Westchester is by several years the oldest village in the county, its first settlement (by the Puritans) being coeval with Throckmorton's purchase, in 1042.^ At this early period, it formed a part of the Dutch district of Yrede-land (or land of peace) and was, therefore, within the limits and jurisdiction of the New Netherland. By the Dutch it was named Oostdorp^ (East town) from its situation east of the Manhattans. So early as 1657, Gov. Stuyvesant ordered that Westchester should have four English or one Dutch mile square of land for the town.

During the Dutch dynasty, courts appear to have been holderi regularly at Oost-dorp, for, among the town records, is a small volume, entitled " The Book of Court acts, from 1657 to 1662," from which we extract the following memoranda.

By the Dutch it was named Oostdorp^ (East town) from its situation east of the Manhattans. So early as 1657, Gov. Stuyvesant ordered that Westchester should have four English or one Dutch mile square of land for the town.

During the Dutch dynasty, courts appear to have been holderi regularly at Oost-dorp, for, among the town records, is a small volume, entitled " The Book of Court acts, from 1657 to 1662," from which we extract the following memoranda.

"Feb. 1st, 1657, William Binfield for contempt of authority, is bound over to answer at next court."

On the same occasion, ".John Archer, plaintiff against Roger AViles, in an action of debt for the value of seventy-four guilders, principal."

East town, the ISlh of September, 1662, at a court held before Edward Walters, Robert Huestis and William Bett, by order and power of the Governor General, Peter Stuyvesant, Governor of the province of New Netherland, and the high council, (fce.

Thomas Higgins, plaintiff, complains of Lawrence Turner, in

« N. Y. GazeUeer.

b Dr. De Witt fixes the date of its settlemeut some eight years later. " After the provisional arrangement of boundaries between New Netherland and New En gland, by Gov. Stuyvesant and the New England comiaissioners, in 1650. A number of Puritans from the east, settled a place then named Oost Dorp, (East Town) now Westchester, in Westchester county." De 'Wi.U's paper on New Netherland. Proceedings N. Y. Hist. Soc, 1844, 69,

180 HISTORY OF THE

an action of slander done by his wife, &c., ended by arbitration.

De Witt fixes the date of its settlemeut some eight years later. " After the provisional arrangement of boundaries between New Netherland and New En gland, by Gov. Stuyvesant and the New England comiaissioners, in 1650. A number of Puritans from the east, settled a place then named Oost Dorp, (East Town) now Westchester, in Westchester county." De 'Wi.U's paper on New Netherland. Proceedings N. Y. Hist. Soc, 1844, 69,

180 HISTORY OF THE

an action of slander done by his wife, &c., ended by arbitration.

When Richard NicoIIs, the Duke of Yorli's governonr, convened an assembly from the towns of Long Island and Westchester, to meet at Hempstead, March 1st, 1665, there appeared the following deputies from this place :

Edward Jessup, ' ■

John (iuimby.a August 6th, 1665, we whose names are underwritten, doe jointly agree to set to our hands to send the eight townsmen to Governor Nicolls, to stand by them in what they do in tliat particular, for the settlement of the towne.

WiUiam Q,uimby, Thomas Miller,

John Ferris, John Smith,

Robert Pinckney, C. Wood,

Edward Waters, Edward Jessupe,

Richard Ponton, • Thomas Hunt,

Samuel Barret, Thomas Hunt, Jr.

Thomas Vaile. At this early period, a portion of the judicial power appears to have been lodged in the hands of the constable, for in the town records this entry occurs.

Westchester, Sept 3, 1665. At a town court holden by the constable and the commissioners appointed. Thomas Hunt complained against an Indian called Pomoqucee, that the said Indian took his canoe from the shore, where it w'as safe, and carried it quite away. Upon examination, the Indian confessed that he took the canoe from the sliore, but said it was not secured, ^

At this early period, a portion of the judicial power appears to have been lodged in the hands of the constable, for in the town records this entry occurs.

Westchester, Sept 3, 1665. At a town court holden by the constable and the commissioners appointed. Thomas Hunt complained against an Indian called Pomoqucee, that the said Indian took his canoe from the shore, where it w'as safe, and carried it quite away. Upon examination, the Indian confessed that he took the canoe from the sliore, but said it was not secured, ^

» Alb. Rec. Gen. Entries, 1664-65, page 96. See Dunlap Hist. N. Y.

b The inhabitants of Westchester (like their New England forefathers) appear to have been greatly troubled with the plague of witchcraft, for, in 1670, Katharine Harryson of England who had lived nineteen years at Weathersfield in Connecticut, where she had been tried for witclicraft, found guilty by the jury, ac quitted by the bench, and released out of prison, on consideration that she would remove. Appeared before the council on the accusation of Thomas Hunt and Edward Waters, in behalf of the town of Westchester, they praying that she might be driven from the town. This alTuir was adjourned _to the 4th of Au-

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 181

The subjoined document would appear to be the first tavern license granted in this county.

" At a town meeting in Westchester, the 27th of Jane, 1681, Justice Pell present. The town made choice of John Hunt for an ordinary keeper, for one year ensuing, for the town of Westchester, and desired him the said John Hunt, may be licensed by the justices of the riding. The said Hunt is to sell his biere at two pence per quart, and rum at three pence per gill, which he shall not exceed, and to take his come at price current, according to the current rate, and that none else to retaile againe in rum in the said towne of Westchester, during the said tcarme of one year, without the approbation of the said Hunt.""

The town made choice of John Hunt for an ordinary keeper, for one year ensuing, for the town of Westchester, and desired him the said John Hunt, may be licensed by the justices of the riding. The said Hunt is to sell his biere at two pence per quart, and rum at three pence per gill, which he shall not exceed, and to take his come at price current, according to the current rate, and that none else to retaile againe in rum in the said towne of Westchester, during the said tcarme of one year, without the approbation of the said Hunt.""

We have ah'eady shown that Westchester sent representatives to the Governor's assembly in 1665. The following relates to the election of representatives in 1683.

Westchester, the 29ih of Sept. 1683. At a town meeting held in obedience to a warrant from the high slieriff concerning the choice of four men out of the township to goe to Jamaica upon Long Island the first day of October next ensuing, there to joyne with a committee chosen out of each towne in the north riding; and this said committee to choose two out of the riding, able men as representatives for the north riding. The town hath made choice of William Richardgust, when behig heard, it was referred to the general court of assizes. The woman being ordered to give security for good behavior. The following sentence was recorded by the court, Oct., 1670 : in the case of Catharine Harryson, widow, who was bound to her good behaviour, upon complaint of some of the inhabitants of Westchester, whilst ye holding of this court. It is ordered, that in regard there is nothing appears against her deserving the continuance of that obligation, shee is to be released from it, and hath liberty to remove from the town of Westchester were she now resides, or any were else in the government during her pleasure.

The following sentence was recorded by the court, Oct., 1670 : in the case of Catharine Harryson, widow, who was bound to her good behaviour, upon complaint of some of the inhabitants of Westchester, whilst ye holding of this court. It is ordered, that in regard there is nothing appears against her deserving the continuance of that obligation, shee is to be released from it, and hath liberty to remove from the town of Westchester were she now resides, or any were else in the government during her pleasure. The humane efforts, however of the court, to protect tbe poor widow, appear to have beea ineffectual, for soon after an order was given for Catharine Harryson charged with witchcraft, to leave Westchester, as the inhabitants are uneasy at her residing there, and she is ordered to go off. Assize Rec Albany. » Town. Rec.

182* HISTORY OF THE

son, Richard Ponton, Tliomas Hunt, sen., and John Pahner to be the four men to goe to Jamaica.

Recorded in town meeting,

per Francis French, Recorder.

Upon the division of the province into shires and counties, the followins^ act was passed by the Colonial Assembly for the regulating and settling of courts of justice, entitled " an act for the more orderly hearing and determining of matters and cases of coniroversy, <fec." Two courts of sessions for the county of Westchester, the first Tuesday in June and the first Tuesday in December yearly and every year, the one to be held at Westchester^ and the other at Eastchester. Also a court of oyer and terminer and general jail delivery in the same county on the first AVednesday in December. Passed 29th of October, 1683. a-

Upon the division of the province into shires and counties, the followins^ act was passed by the Colonial Assembly for the regulating and settling of courts of justice, entitled " an act for the more orderly hearing and determining of matters and cases of coniroversy, <fec." Two courts of sessions for the county of Westchester, the first Tuesday in June and the first Tuesday in December yearly and every year, the one to be held at Westchester^ and the other at Eastchester. Also a court of oyer and terminer and general jail delivery in the same county on the first AVednesday in December. Passed 29th of October, 1683. a-

Westchester formed the shire town of the county from 1683 to 1759. Tiie last court held here was on the 6lh of November, 1759.b ^ few extracts are selected from the early records to show the manner in which the county courts were conducted.

" At a court of sessions held at Westchester, for the county of Westchester, by their Majesties authority, present John Pell, justice and quorum, president of the court, John Pahner, justice of the peace and quorum, Daniel Sharpe and William Barnes, Esquires, justices of ye peace. December ye 1st 1691.

The Court opened. The grand jury called and appeared, viz.

Robert Hustead, John Furgeson,

John Ferris, sen. Robert Hustead, jun.

John Mollinex, John Hadden,' sen.

« Acts of Assembly, passed A. D. 1683. Upon the 29th of October, 1684, the period was changed for holding the above courts from the first Tuesday in December to the third Tuesday iu November. In 1691 the courts were held as first ordered.

" At a court of sessions held at Westchester, for the county of Westchester, by their Majesties authority, present John Pell, justice and quorum, president of the court, John Pahner, justice of the peace and quorum, Daniel Sharpe and William Barnes, Esquires, justices of ye peace. December ye 1st 1691.

The Court opened. The grand jury called and appeared, viz.

Robert Hustead, John Furgeson,

John Ferris, sen. Robert Hustead, jun.

John Mollinex, John Hadden,' sen.

« Acts of Assembly, passed A. D. 1683. Upon the 29th of October, 1684, the period was changed for holding the above courts from the first Tuesday in December to the third Tuesday iu November. In 1691 the courts were held as first ordered.

b Rec. of Court of Common Pleas, Lib. B. The old court house at Westchester was burnt at an early period of the Revolution.

<: A. D. 1749. Died John Hadden and Abigail his wife within a few hours of each other, having lived lovingly together 70 years. He died aged 96, aud his wife 90.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 183

Joseph Hunt, Edward Hadden,

John Hunt, John Winter,

John Quimby, jun. Thomas Bedient,

John Baly, Samuel Palmer,

William ChadJerton. The court adjourned till Thursday morning.

Constables called. Westchester, Joseph Hunt. Eastchester, Henry Fov\ler. New Rochelle, Cornells Seely. Mamaroneok, Richard Ward. Rye, Samuel Kniffen. Upper Yonckers, Matthias Brookes. Bedford, . Benjamin Collier, high

sheriff of the county.'

" At a court of sessions held at Westchester by his Majesty's authority, June 6th and 7lh, 1693, before the Honorable Caleb Heathcote, Esq., judge of the court of common pleas, justice and quorum, &c , the following curious testimony was given in a suit between Richard Ponton, defendant, and Gabriel Leggett, plaintitT. Captain Thomas Williams, b aged 62 years, deposed, sailh, the first reason of this difficulty was a big look violently from mee.

" At a court of sessions held at Westchester by his Majesty's authority, June 6th and 7lh, 1693, before the Honorable Caleb Heathcote, Esq., judge of the court of common pleas, justice and quorum, &c , the following curious testimony was given in a suit between Richard Ponton, defendant, and Gabriel Leggett, plaintitT. Captain Thomas Williams, b aged 62 years, deposed, sailh, the first reason of this difficulty was a big look violently from mee. Afterwards Captain Leisler': sent an order to Captain Ponton to send him some men to go to Albany for their assistance against the French, and also the said Williams to assist the said Ponton in taking and sending the said the men up. When the townes company was called together and (Japtam Ponton asked them who was willing to go volunteers upon said expedition, and Gabriel Leggett answered that was fooles if any of them did go, and said who would give them a legg or an arm if they lost them. Upon which. Captain Ponton commanded him to hold his peace, but he still continued abusing the defendant and said here comes the father of rogues, and many other scurrilous words, upon which I got a warrant against him, &c."

At a geiieral court of sessions, held in 1695.

" The jury for our Sovereign Lord the King, upon their oaths do present Thomas Furgeson of the county town of Westchester, laborer, for selling of a certain horse wilhout a tongue of a broivn culler at Westchester aforesaid, at or about the first day of May last, &c.

Captain Ponton commanded him to hold his peace, but he still continued abusing the defendant and said here comes the father of rogues, and many other scurrilous words, upon which I got a warrant against him, &c."

At a geiieral court of sessions, held in 1695.

" The jury for our Sovereign Lord the King, upon their oaths do present Thomas Furgeson of the county town of Westchester, laborer, for selling of a certain horse wilhout a tongue of a broivn culler at Westchester aforesaid, at or about the first day of May last, &c.

By nn act of Assembly passed on the Uth of May, 1693, "a

a First Rec. of Court of S( b Dec. 11th, 16i^9. Thomas Williams, freeholder of Westchester, was elected a member of the Governor's Council.

« Governor Jacob Lelsler who assumed the government of the Trovince in 1689.

. 184 HISTORY OF THE

public and open market was appointed to be held on every Wednesday of the week at AVestchester, " to which market it was lawful for all and every of the inhabitants and sojourners to go, frequent and resort, and thither to carry all sorts of cattle, grain, victuals, provisions and other necessaries from eight in the morning to sunset. '-a

It was also enacted by General Assembly the same year, " that there shall likewise be held and kept twice yearly and every year, Pifuir, to which fair it shall and may be likewise lawful for all and every person to go and frequent, &c., two fairs yearly for the county of Westchester; the first to be kept at the town of Westchester in the said county on the second Tuesday of May and to and on the Friday following, being in all four days, exclusive and no longer, and the second fair to be kept at Rye in the said county on the second Tuesday in October yearly and to end the Friday following, d:c., &c."'^ These privileges were subsequently confirmed and enlarged. <=

It was also enacted by General Assembly the same year, " that there shall likewise be held and kept twice yearly and every year, Pifuir, to which fair it shall and may be likewise lawful for all and every person to go and frequent, &c., two fairs yearly for the county of Westchester; the first to be kept at the town of Westchester in the said county on the second Tuesday of May and to and on the Friday following, being in all four days, exclusive and no longer, and the second fair to be kept at Rye in the said county on the second Tuesday in October yearly and to end the Friday following, d:c., &c."'^ These privileges were subsequently confirmed and enlarged. <=

The following charter, incorj)orating the ancient settlement of Westchester as a borough town, was granted on the ICth of April, 1 096:

ROYAL CHARTER.

Gulielmus Tertius Dei Gratia, Angliae, Scotiae, Gallioe et Hibernia', Rex fidei defensor, &c. &c. " To all to whome these presents shall come, sendeth greeting : Whereas, Richard Nicholls, Esq., sometime Governor General of our province of New York, in America, by a certain writing or patent under his hand and seal, bearing date on or about ye 15th day of February, in the year of our Lord God, 1G67, by virtue of the power and authority unto him given, did give, ratify, confirm and grant, unto John Quim.by, John Ferris, Nicholas Bailey, William Betts, and Edward Walters, as pattentees for and on the behalf of themselves and their associates, the freeholds and inhabitants of the town of Westchester, within our sd, province of New York, all that

" To all to whome these presents shall come, sendeth greeting : Whereas, Richard Nicholls, Esq., sometime Governor General of our province of New York, in America, by a certain writing or patent under his hand and seal, bearing date on or about ye 15th day of February, in the year of our Lord God, 1G67, by virtue of the power and authority unto him given, did give, ratify, confirm and grant, unto John Quim.by, John Ferris, Nicholas Bailey, William Betts, and Edward Walters, as pattentees for and on the behalf of themselves and their associates, the freeholds and inhabitants of the town of Westchester, within our sd, province of New York, all that

» The above act was confirmed in 1697. See Acts of Assembly, p. 17. b Acts of Assembly, confirmed 11 May, 1G97. e See Charter.

COUNTY OF WESI'CIIESTER. 185

tract of land scituate, lying and being upon the main to the east of Harlem river then in the tenure and occupation of the above sd patentees, and several other ffreehclders and irthabitanfs, of the said town, who, before that lime by authority, had been settled there, and had been at considerable charges in manuring and planting part of the lands belonging thereunto, and likewise had settled a competent number of families thereupon for a township, the boundaries and limits whereof, were therein set forth and exprest as follows: (viz.) the western bounds of the sd. land, then lying within the limits of the said town, did begin at the land commonly called Brunk's land, near or adjoining to Harlem river afores'd, from whence they extend eastward to the west part of a certain neck of land, commonly called Ann Hooks neck or Mr. Pell's purch'e, southward, they are bounded by the Sound or East river, and so to run up a parellel line from the east and west limits, north, into the woods without limitation, for range of cattle, and other improvements, together with all the lands, soiles, necks of land, rivers, creeks, harbours, quarry's, woods, meadows, pastures, marshes, waters, ffishings, hawkings, huntings and ffowlings, and all other profits, commodities, emoluments and hereditaments, to the sd lands and premises, within the said bounds and limits described and set forth belonging or in any manner of wayes appertaining, to have and to hold, all and singular the said tracts and parcels of land, hereditaments and appurtenances, and every part and parcel thereof to the said pattentees and their associates, their heirs, successors and assigns, forever.

Pell's purch'e, southward, they are bounded by the Sound or East river, and so to run up a parellel line from the east and west limits, north, into the woods without limitation, for range of cattle, and other improvements, together with all the lands, soiles, necks of land, rivers, creeks, harbours, quarry's, woods, meadows, pastures, marshes, waters, ffishings, hawkings, huntings and ffowlings, and all other profits, commodities, emoluments and hereditaments, to the sd lands and premises, within the said bounds and limits described and set forth belonging or in any manner of wayes appertaining, to have and to hold, all and singular the said tracts and parcels of land, hereditaments and appurtenances, and every part and parcel thereof to the said pattentees and their associates, their heirs, successors and assigns, forever.

And moreover, the said Richard Nicholl's, Esq., as Govr. Genl. as aforesd, did thereby ratify, confirm and grant unto the said patentees, their associates, their heirs, successors and assigns, all the rights and privileges belonging to a town within this government, and that the place of their then present habitation should continue and retain the name of Westchester, by wliich name and stile it was to be distinguished and known in all bargains, sales, deeds, writings and records, they the sd. patentees and their associates, heirs, successors and assigns, rendering and paying such duties and acknowledgments, as then were or hereafter should be constituted or established by the laws of the said province, as by the said writing or patent now remaining upon the records of the secretaries office, relation being thereunto had, may more at large appear. And whereas, afterwards, on or about the sixth day of Janry., in the year of our Lord, 1686, upon the petition of several of the freeholders of the said town of Westchester, in behalf of themselves and the rest of the ffreeholders and inhabitants of the said town, directed to Coll.

Genl. as aforesd, did thereby ratify, confirm and grant unto the said patentees, their associates, their heirs, successors and assigns, all the rights and privileges belonging to a town within this government, and that the place of their then present habitation should continue and retain the name of Westchester, by wliich name and stile it was to be distinguished and known in all bargains, sales, deeds, writings and records, they the sd. patentees and their associates, heirs, successors and assigns, rendering and paying such duties and acknowledgments, as then were or hereafter should be constituted or established by the laws of the said province, as by the said writing or patent now remaining upon the records of the secretaries office, relation being thereunto had, may more at large appear. And whereas, afterwards, on or about the sixth day of Janry., in the year of our Lord, 1686, upon the petition of several of the freeholders of the said town of Westchester, in behalf of themselves and the rest of the ffreeholders and inhabitants of the said town, directed to Coll. Thomas Dungan, then Capn. Genl. and Gov. in Chief of our sd. province. The sd. Coll. Thomas Dungan, by virtue of the power and authority to him derived, in and. by a certain instrument in writing, under his hand and seal of our sd prov'e of New York, whose date is the day and yeir last abovesd, for the consideration therein mentioned, did give, grant, ratify, release and confirm, unto twelve of he freeholders and inhabitants of the sd town of Westchester, Vol. IL 24

Genl. and Gov. in Chief of our sd. province. The sd. Coll. Thomas Dungan, by virtue of the power and authority to him derived, in and. by a certain instrument in writing, under his hand and seal of our sd prov'e of New York, whose date is the day and yeir last abovesd, for the consideration therein mentioned, did give, grant, ratify, release and confirm, unto twelve of he freeholders and inhabitants of the sd town of Westchester, Vol. IL 24

186 ■ HISTORY OF THE

and therebv made them one body corporate and pololick, and willed and determined them to be known and called by the name of the Trustees of the Ffreeholders and Commonality of the Town of Westchester and their Successors, all the aforesd tracts and parcels of land, within the limits and bounds aforesd together with all and singular the houses, mesaages, tenements, building, mills, milldams, ffences, inclosures, gardens, orchards, fields, pastures, woods, underw oods, common of pastures, meadows, marshes, swamps, creeks, harbors and all other profits and commodities and hereditaments whatsoever, to the sd tracts of land, and premises belonging, or in any manner of ways appertaining, to have and to hold unto them the sd trustees of the ffreeholders and commonalhty of the sd town of Westchester, and their successors forever, to and for the several and respective uses therein mentioned, (viz.) as for and concerning all and singular the several and respective parcels of land and meadows, part of the abovesd granted premises, then in any wise taken up and appropriated, either by patent under the hand of any of his majties governors in this province, and sealed with the seal thereof, or by particular divisions, settlements, allottments and grants, by town orders, either for the planting of land or erecting of saw mills, with all and every the priviledges of cutting of timber, and pasture for cattle, before the day of the date thereof, unto the several and respective then present, freeholders and inhabitants of the said town of Westchester, by virtue of the before recited deeds or patient, to the use, benefit and behoof of the sd ffreeholders and inhabitants respectively, and their several and respective heirs and assigns forever, and as for and concerning ail and every such tracts and parcels of land, remainder of the granted premises not then taken up and appropriated to any particular person or persons, by virtue of the before recited deed or patient, to the use, benefit and behoof of the then present tlVeehoIders and inhabitants, their heirs, successors and assignes for ever, in proportion to their several and respective settlements, divisions and allotments as tenents in common, without any lett, hindrance or molestation, to be had upon pretence of jointanacy or survivorship therein saveing to his then majestic, his heirs and successors, the several rents and quit-rents reserved due, and payable from several persons, inhabiting within the limitts and bounds aforesd by virtue of former grants to them made and oiven, always provided, that all and every such person and persons'that hold any land within the limits and bounds aforesd, by virtue of the particular grants, patents, are forever to be excluded from having any rights or c(immonage or particular division of any of the lands within the limits and bounds aforesd that then remaind unappropriated to be holden of us, our heirs and successors in fee and common socage according to the manner of East Greenwich, in the county of Kent, within our realm of P^ngland, under a certain yeirly quit rent therein reserved, due and payable unto us, our heirs and successors; and ichereas, the northerly bounds of the first recited paltent, extends into the woods without limitation, the said Coll, Thomas Dungan did, in and by the last abovementioned paltent and confirmation, declare and deter-

and therebv made them one body corporate and pololick, and willed and determined them to be known and called by the name of the Trustees of the Ffreeholders and Commonality of the Town of Westchester and their Successors, all the aforesd tracts and parcels of land, within the limits and bounds aforesd together with all and singular the houses, mesaages, tenements, building, mills, milldams, ffences, inclosures, gardens, orchards, fields, pastures, woods, underw oods, common of pastures, meadows, marshes, swamps, creeks, harbors and all other profits and commodities and hereditaments whatsoever, to the sd tracts of land, and premises belonging, or in any manner of ways appertaining, to have and to hold unto them the sd trustees of the ffreeholders and commonalhty of the sd town of Westchester, and their successors forever, to and for the several and respective uses therein mentioned, (viz.) as for and concerning all and singular the several and respective parcels of land and meadows, part of the abovesd granted premises, then in any wise taken up and appropriated, either by patent under the hand of any of his majties governors in this province, and sealed with the seal thereof, or by particular divisions, settlements, allottments and grants, by town orders, either for the planting of land or erecting of saw mills, with all and every the priviledges of cutting of timber, and pasture for cattle, before the day of the date thereof, unto the several and respective then present, freeholders and inhabitants of the said town of Westchester, by virtue of the before recited deeds or patient, to the use, benefit and behoof of the sd ffreeholders and inhabitants respectively, and their several and respective heirs and assigns forever, and as for and concerning ail and every such tracts and parcels of land, remainder of the granted premises not then taken up and appropriated to any particular person or persons, by virtue of the before recited deed or patient, to the use, benefit and behoof of the then present tlVeehoIders and inhabitants, their heirs, successors and assignes for ever, in proportion to their several and respective settlements, divisions and allotments as tenents in common, without any lett, hindrance or molestation, to be had upon pretence of jointanacy or survivorship therein saveing to his then majestic, his heirs and successors, the several rents and quit-rents reserved due, and payable from several persons, inhabiting within the limitts and bounds aforesd by virtue of former grants to them made and oiven, always provided, that all and every such person and persons'that hold any land within the limits and bounds aforesd, by virtue of the particular grants, patents, are forever to be excluded from having any rights or c(immonage or particular division of any of the lands within the limits and bounds aforesd that then remaind unappropriated to be holden of us, our heirs and successors in fee and common socage according to the manner of East Greenwich, in the county of Kent, within our realm of P^ngland, under a certain yeirly quit rent therein reserved, due and payable unto us, our heirs and successors; and ichereas, the northerly bounds of the first recited paltent, extends into the woods without limitation, the said Coll, Thomas Dungan did, in and by the last abovementioned paltent and confirmation, declare and deter-

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 187

mine, that the northerly north-east and north-west bounds of the sd town of Westchester, should for ever hereafter be concluded and ascertain'd by ye southerly line of the pattent of Onsal and the south and west line of Thos Pell, as by ye last above recited patent, relation being thereunto had, may more at large appear ; and, {forasmuch as the present trustees and other the freeholders and inhabitants of the sd town of Westchester, have lately, by their humble petition to our trusty and well beloved Benjan FHetcher, our Capn Genl and Governr-in-chief of our said province of New York, in America, pray'd our charter or pattent of confirmation of all those several tracts and parcels of land, and other the premises to them granted as aforesd, and that the said town of Westchester, and all and singular the lands and tenements thereunto belonging and appertaining, may forever hereafter, be a free borough and town corporate ; now knowe ye, that we do by this our royat pattent or charter of confirmation, for us, our heirs and successors, grant, ratify, approve and confirm, unto the sd trustees of the ffreeholders and inhabitants of our sd town of Westchester, and to their successors and assignes forever, all the several tracts and parcels of land hereinbefore recited, whose meets and bounds are forever hereafter to be taken, and esteemed to be and remain as follows : (viz.) the western bounds thereof are to begin at the west part of the land commonly call'd LJrunks land, near or adjoining to Harlem river from whence they are to extend eastward to the west part of a neck of land, commonly call'd Ann-hook's neck, or the westermost bounds of Mr. Pell's pattern, southard by the Sound and East river, and so to run up a parrallell line from the east and west limits, north into the woods, until it meet the southerly line of the pattent of Oneal and the south and west line of Thomas Pell's patent, together with all and singular the houses, mesuages, tenements, erections and buildings, mills, mill dams, fences, inclosures, gardens, orchards, fields, pastures, common of pastures, meadows, marshes, swamps, plains, woods, underwoods, timber, trees, rivers, rivulets, runs, streams, water, lakes, ponds, pools, pits, braches, quarries, mines, minerals, (half of gold and silver mines excepted) creeks, harbours, highways, easements, fishing, hunting and fowling, and all other franchises, profits, commodities, hereditaments and appurtenances whatsoever, to the same belonging, or in any manner of ways appertaining or therewithal us'd and enjoy'd, as part, parcel or member thereof, or accepted, requited or taken, to belong or in any wise to appertain thereuor to, to have and to hold and enjoy all and singular the abovesd tracts and parcels of land, hereditaments and premises, with their and every of their appurtenances unto the sd trustees of the ffreeholders and inhabitants of the said borough and town of Westchester, and their successors forever, to and for the several and respective uses following, and to no other use, intent or purpose whatsoever, (viz.) as for and concerning all and singular the .several and respective parcels of upland and meadow ground, part of the above granted premises, in any wise taken up and appropriated, either by patt't under the hand of any of our former g)vers of this our province, and sealed with the

Pell's pattern, southard by the Sound and East river, and so to run up a parrallell line from the east and west limits, north into the woods, until it meet the southerly line of the pattent of Oneal and the south and west line of Thomas Pell's patent, together with all and singular the houses, mesuages, tenements, erections and buildings, mills, mill dams, fences, inclosures, gardens, orchards, fields, pastures, common of pastures, meadows, marshes, swamps, plains, woods, underwoods, timber, trees, rivers, rivulets, runs, streams, water, lakes, ponds, pools, pits, braches, quarries, mines, minerals, (half of gold and silver mines excepted) creeks, harbours, highways, easements, fishing, hunting and fowling, and all other franchises, profits, commodities, hereditaments and appurtenances whatsoever, to the same belonging, or in any manner of ways appertaining or therewithal us'd and enjoy'd, as part, parcel or member thereof, or accepted, requited or taken, to belong or in any wise to appertain thereuor to, to have and to hold and enjoy all and singular the abovesd tracts and parcels of land, hereditaments and premises, with their and every of their appurtenances unto the sd trustees of the ffreeholders and inhabitants of the said borough and town of Westchester, and their successors forever, to and for the several and respective uses following, and to no other use, intent or purpose whatsoever, (viz.) as for and concerning all and singular the .several and respective parcels of upland and meadow ground, part of the above granted premises, in any wise taken up and appropriated, either by patt't under the hand of any of our former g)vers of this our province, and sealed with the

188 HISTORY OF THE

seal thereof, or by grant from the above mentioned trustees, or by particular divisions, settlements and grants, by town orders, either for planting of land, or erecting of saw mills, with all and every the privileges of cutting of timber, and pastures for cattle, before the date of these presents, and that by virtue of any the hereinbefore recited grants or patterns or any of them, shall be and remain to the use and behoof of such of the several and respective ffreeholders and inhabitats respectively, and their several and respective heirs and assigns for ever, and particularly by one agreement made by the trustees of the sd town, bearing date the 2d day of December, 1694, with one Richard Ward, relating to the stream of the Great creek within the sd town, on which Coll. Caleb Heathcolt and the sd Richard Ward, who are now equally co icerned therein, are erecting of sundry mills, and is for and concerning all and every other the tracts and parcels of upland and meadow ground, remainder of the above granted premises not yet taken up or appropriated by any particular person or persons as aforesaid, to be and remain to the only proper use and behoof of the sd trustees and the ffreeholders and inhabitants of the sd borrough and town of Westchester, and to their successors and assignes forever, and to no other use, intent, or purpose whatsoever, To be holden of us, our heirs, and successors, according to the manner of East Greenwich in the county of Kent, within our realm of England, in free and common socage, rendering and paying unto us, our heirs, and successors, or to the hands of our receiver gcnl of our sd province of New York for the time being or to such other officer or officers as shall be appointed to receive the same for and out of the sd tracts and parcels of land and other the premises the sum of thirty shillings current money of N.

Caleb Heathcolt and the sd Richard Ward, who are now equally co icerned therein, are erecting of sundry mills, and is for and concerning all and every other the tracts and parcels of upland and meadow ground, remainder of the above granted premises not yet taken up or appropriated by any particular person or persons as aforesaid, to be and remain to the only proper use and behoof of the sd trustees and the ffreeholders and inhabitants of the sd borrough and town of Westchester, and to their successors and assignes forever, and to no other use, intent, or purpose whatsoever, To be holden of us, our heirs, and successors, according to the manner of East Greenwich in the county of Kent, within our realm of England, in free and common socage, rendering and paying unto us, our heirs, and successors, or to the hands of our receiver gcnl of our sd province of New York for the time being or to such other officer or officers as shall be appointed to receive the same for and out of the sd tracts and parcels of land and other the premises the sum of thirty shillings current money of N. York, upon every 25th day of March forever hereafter. And we do farther give and grant unto the ffreeholders and inhabitants of the sd town of W. Chester, and to their heirs and assigns forever, full power and authority annually and once every year, and that upon the first Monday in the month of May, that they the said ffreeholders and inhabitants shall and may as formerly hath been accustomed in the sd town, to elect and choose twelve freeholders for their trustees, who shall have full power and authority, or the major part of them, to order and dispose of all or any part of the undivided land within sd town limits and precincts thereof, as fully and amply to all intents, constructions, and purposess as formerly they have used and been accustomed to do.

Chester, and to their heirs and assigns forever, full power and authority annually and once every year, and that upon the first Monday in the month of May, that they the said ffreeholders and inhabitants shall and may as formerly hath been accustomed in the sd town, to elect and choose twelve freeholders for their trustees, who shall have full power and authority, or the major part of them, to order and dispose of all or any part of the undivided land within sd town limits and precincts thereof, as fully and amply to all intents, constructions, and purposess as formerly they have used and been accustomed to do. And farther of our especial grace, certain knowledge, and meer motion, we do, for us, our heirs, and succesors, grant, constitute, ordain, and appoint, by this our present charter, that all and eincrular the lands, tenements, and hereditaments herein before in this our sd royal charter and grant granted and confirmed, mentioned or intended to be granted and confirmed, shall from henceforth forever be a free borough and corporation, excepting and always reserring out of the sd borough or corporation all that tract of land scituate and being upon the east side of Harlem river aforesd, and which did formerly belong to Coll. Lewis Morris, deced, and which now is in the tenure and occupation of James Graham, Esqr., and to be

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 189

and remain out of the jurisdiction of the sd corporation. And farther of our especial grace, certain knowledge, and meer motion, do, for us. our heirs, and successors, grant, constitute, ordain, and appoint, by this our present charter, that the sd town of W. Chester and all and singular the lands and tenements thereunto belonging and appertaining may forever hereafter be a free borough and town corporate, and shall be. called the borough and town of W.

and remain out of the jurisdiction of the sd corporation. And farther of our especial grace, certain knowledge, and meer motion, do, for us. our heirs, and successors, grant, constitute, ordain, and appoint, by this our present charter, that the sd town of W. Chester and all and singular the lands and tenements thereunto belonging and appertaining may forever hereafter be a free borough and town corporate, and shall be. called the borough and town of W. Chester, and that in the sd town corporate there shall be a body politick consisting of a mayor, six aldermen, and six assistants, or common council of the sd borough and town of VV. Chester, to continue in succession forever, and for the more full and perfect erection of the sd corporation and body politick to consist, continue, and be of a mayor, six aldermen, and six assistants, or common council of the sd borough or town to be called and known by the name of the mayor, aldermen, and commonay of the borough and town of VV. Chester.

We of our especial grace, certain knowledge and meer motion, do by these presents for us, our heirs and successors, create, make, ordain, constitute, nominate and appoint our trusty and well beloved Coll. Caleb Heathcote, Esq. one of our councellors of our sd province of N. York, to be the first and now mayor of the sd town and borough of W. Chester, and to continue in the said office untill the first Monday in the month of May, which shall be in the ninth year of our reign. And we do likewise create, make, ordain, constitute, nominate and appoint Wm. Barns, Jno. Stuert, Wm. Willett, Thos. Baxter, Josiah Stuert and Jno. Baily, gents., to be first aldermen of the sd borough and town of Westchester, and Israel Honeywell, Robert Hustis, Sam'l Hustis, Sam'l Ferris, Daniel Turner and Miles Oakley, gents., the first assistants and common council of the sd borough and town, and that the sd mayor, ald'n and common council and their successors, shall for ever hereafter be in name and in deed a body corporate and politick and shall forever hereafter be called and known in all courts whatsoever, plead and be impleaded by the name of the Mayor, Ald'n and Commonalty of the Borough and Town of W.

Baily, gents., to be first aldermen of the sd borough and town of Westchester, and Israel Honeywell, Robert Hustis, Sam'l Hustis, Sam'l Ferris, Daniel Turner and Miles Oakley, gents., the first assistants and common council of the sd borough and town, and that the sd mayor, ald'n and common council and their successors, shall for ever hereafter be in name and in deed a body corporate and politick and shall forever hereafter be called and known in all courts whatsoever, plead and be impleaded by the name of the Mayor, Ald'n and Commonalty of the Borough and Town of W. Chester. And of our further grace, certain knowledge and meer motion, and to the intent that the sd corporation and body politick by these presents created and began as aforesd, may have perpetual succession and continue forever, we do by these presents for us, our heirs and successors, grant unto the sd mayor, ald'n and common council and their successors for ever, that the sd mayor and ald'n of the sd borough and town of W. Chester, for the time being, shall and may from time to time, whensoever and as often as they shall think meet, admit and receive under the common seal of the sd corporation to be of the commonalty of the sd borough and town, such and so many persons as the said mayor and alder'n, or the mayor for the time being and the greatest part of the sd alder'n shall think meet, and that every such person and persons by them the sd mayor and alder'n or the greater part of them as afores'd to be admitted and received as afores'd, shall immediately after such admission be free men of the sd borough and town and members of the sd body politick, and have and enjoy all such the same and so many priviledges, franchises and im-

Chester, for the time being, shall and may from time to time, whensoever and as often as they shall think meet, admit and receive under the common seal of the sd corporation to be of the commonalty of the sd borough and town, such and so many persons as the said mayor and alder'n, or the mayor for the time being and the greatest part of the sd alder'n shall think meet, and that every such person and persons by them the sd mayor and alder'n or the greater part of them as afores'd to be admitted and received as afores'd, shall immediately after such admission be free men of the sd borough and town and members of the sd body politick, and have and enjoy all such the same and so many priviledges, franchises and im-

190 HISTORY OF THE

mnnities, as if the said persons so to be admitted had been specially and particularly named in this our sd royal charter to be of the sd commonality. And further we of our especial grace, certain knowledge, and meer motion, do by these presents, for us, our heirs and successor, give and grant unto the sd mayor, alder'n and common council of the sd borough and town of W. Chester, that they and their successors shall from henceforth for ever be a body politick and incorporate, in deed and in name, and by these presents fully and absolutely make, create, constitute, establish and unite the sd mayor, alder'n and common council into one body politick and incorporate to endure and con tinue for ever, and them and their successors do declare, accept and allow for a perfect corporation and body politick for ever, and that the sd body politick and corporate shall be called and known for ever by the name of the Mayor, Alder'n and Commonalty of the Borough and Town of W.

Chester, that they and their successors shall from henceforth for ever be a body politick and incorporate, in deed and in name, and by these presents fully and absolutely make, create, constitute, establish and unite the sd mayor, alder'n and common council into one body politick and incorporate to endure and con tinue for ever, and them and their successors do declare, accept and allow for a perfect corporation and body politick for ever, and that the sd body politick and corporate shall be called and known for ever by the name of the Mayor, Alder'n and Commonalty of the Borough and Town of W. Chester, and that by that name they and their successors shall be able persons in law to make all manner of contracts and grants, and to make, receive and take all manner of gifts, grants and purchases as any other natural person or body politick is able to make, receive and take by the laws of our realm of England and this our province, and that they and their successors shall and may by that name implead any other person or persons, or be impleaded in any court or courts, in all and all manner of causes and actions, real and personal or mixt of what kind or nature soever, and claim and demand their liberties and franchesses before any judge or judges, ecclesiastical or secular, and otherwise do and execute all and every act and acts, thing and things whatsoever, which any other liege men which are enabled and made capable of the benefit of our laws within our realm of England or this our province of N. York, can or may lawfully do or execute. And farther of our especial grace, certain kno'vledge, and meer motion, we do by these presents for us, our heirs and successors, give and grant unto the sd mayor, alder'n and common council, that the sd Col.

Chester, and that by that name they and their successors shall be able persons in law to make all manner of contracts and grants, and to make, receive and take all manner of gifts, grants and purchases as any other natural person or body politick is able to make, receive and take by the laws of our realm of England and this our province, and that they and their successors shall and may by that name implead any other person or persons, or be impleaded in any court or courts, in all and all manner of causes and actions, real and personal or mixt of what kind or nature soever, and claim and demand their liberties and franchesses before any judge or judges, ecclesiastical or secular, and otherwise do and execute all and every act and acts, thing and things whatsoever, which any other liege men which are enabled and made capable of the benefit of our laws within our realm of England or this our province of N. York, can or may lawfully do or execute. And farther of our especial grace, certain kno'vledge, and meer motion, we do by these presents for us, our heirs and successors, give and grant unto the sd mayor, alder'n and common council, that the sd Col. Caleb Heathcott and his successors, mayors of the sd town and borough of W. Chester afores'd for the time being, shall have the charge of free governm't of the sd borough and town of W. Chester during the time of his and their bearing the sd office, in as absolute and ample manner as is usual and customary with other mayors in the like corporations in our realm of England. And further because the sd mayor for the time being may many limes have just occasion to be absent from the sd town, either of the public affairs thereof or for his own private respects, wee do therefore for us, our heirs and successors, by these presents give and grant unto the sd mayor, ald'n and common conncel and their successors, that the sd Coll.

Chester during the time of his and their bearing the sd office, in as absolute and ample manner as is usual and customary with other mayors in the like corporations in our realm of England. And further because the sd mayor for the time being may many limes have just occasion to be absent from the sd town, either of the public affairs thereof or for his own private respects, wee do therefore for us, our heirs and successors, by these presents give and grant unto the sd mayor, ald'n and common conncel and their successors, that the sd Coll. Caleb Heathcott and his successors, mayors of the sd borough and town ofW. Chester, and every of them, shall have full power and authority from time to time during his year of government, with the consent of the said aldermen of the sd town for the time being or the greater part of them, to substitute in his absence some discreet and substantial person being one of the members of the sd aldermen inhabiting in the sd town or borough, to be his deputy mayor during the ab-

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 191

sence of the said mayor, and each deputy mayor for the time being, we do by these presents fully and absolutely authorise to do and execute all things whatsoever belonging to the sd office or place of mayor in as large and ample manner as if the sd mayor himself was personally present. And we do farther by these presents give and grant unto the sd mayor, aldermen and common ccuncel of the sd borough and town of Westchester and their successors for ever, that the sd mayor for the time being or lawful deputy and any two or more of tlie sd aldn of the sd town shall and may lawfully hold and keep upon the first Tuesday in every month throughout the year a court within ye sd town of W.

And we do farther by these presents give and grant unto the sd mayor, aldermen and common ccuncel of the sd borough and town of Westchester and their successors for ever, that the sd mayor for the time being or lawful deputy and any two or more of tlie sd aldn of the sd town shall and may lawfully hold and keep upon the first Tuesday in every month throughout the year a court within ye sd town of W. Chester, and therein shall have full power and authority to hold plea of all manner of debts, covenants, trespasses, accompts, detinues, demands, and all other actions personal of what kind or nature soever the same be, arising and growing only within the sd borough or town of W. Chester and the limits thereof, so as ye same doth not exceed in debt or damages the sum of twenty pounds current money of this our province, who shall have power to hear and determine the same pleas and accompts according to the rules of the common law of our realm of England and the acts of General Assembly of this our province of N. York. And farther of our like especial grace, certain knowledge and meer motion, we do by these presents for us, our heirs and successors, give and grant unto the said mayor, aldern and common council of the sd borough and town of W. Chester and their successors for ever, that they and their successors for ever shall have a common seal under which they shall pass all grants, warrants, deeds and specialties, and other the affairs and business of or concerning the sd corporation, which shall be engraven with such form and inscription as shall be devised by the mayor, aldermen and common councel of the sd borough and town ; that the sd mayor, aldern and common council shall and may build, or cause to be built in some convenient place of the sd town a common hall or town house to be called by the name of the town hall of the borough and town of ^V^.

Chester and their successors for ever, that they and their successors for ever shall have a common seal under which they shall pass all grants, warrants, deeds and specialties, and other the affairs and business of or concerning the sd corporation, which shall be engraven with such form and inscription as shall be devised by the mayor, aldermen and common councel of the sd borough and town ; that the sd mayor, aldern and common council shall and may build, or cause to be built in some convenient place of the sd town a common hall or town house to be called by the name of the town hall of the borough and town of ^V^. Chester, where the sd mayor, aldern and common council shall and may from henceforth for ever lawfully assemble themselves to deliberate and consult touching the publick welfare of the sd borough and town of Westchester, and that they and their successors shall and may from henceforth be a free guild meicaturie, and that they or the greater part of them and their successors of which the mayor to be one, shall and may from lime to time in their public councels freely and lawfully make and establish all such ordinances, statutes, orders or by-laws as may tend to the good and wholesome government of the said borough and town and to ye public benefit of the inhabitants of the same, not being repugnant to the common laws and statues of our realm of England, and this our province of N. York, and such ordinances, by-laws, statutes, orders, and decrees as shall be made by them as aforesaid, we do by these presents, for us our heirs and successors, ratify, confirm and allow as good and effectual to bind all the inhabitants of the sd borough and town, and do expressly will and command by these presents that the same be duly put in execution, and that

Chester, where the sd mayor, aldern and common council shall and may from henceforth for ever lawfully assemble themselves to deliberate and consult touching the publick welfare of the sd borough and town of Westchester, and that they and their successors shall and may from henceforth be a free guild meicaturie, and that they or the greater part of them and their successors of which the mayor to be one, shall and may from lime to time in their public councels freely and lawfully make and establish all such ordinances, statutes, orders or by-laws as may tend to the good and wholesome government of the said borough and town and to ye public benefit of the inhabitants of the same, not being repugnant to the common laws and statues of our realm of England, and this our province of N. York, and such ordinances, by-laws, statutes, orders, and decrees as shall be made by them as aforesaid, we do by these presents, for us our heirs and successors, ratify, confirm and allow as good and effectual to bind all the inhabitants of the sd borough and town, and do expressly will and command by these presents that the same be duly put in execution, and that

192 HISTORY OF THE

the sd mayor, aldern and common councel shall at any time or times hereafter have full power to establish a ferry over the Sound, between the said corporation and the island of Nassau, in such convenient place or places as to the sd mayor and to the greater part of the said aldern shall seem meet and convenient, and to take such fees and perquisites for the same for the use of the sd corporation, as is now paid for the fferidge between N.. York and the sd island.

the sd mayor, aldern and common councel shall at any time or times hereafter have full power to establish a ferry over the Sound, between the said corporation and the island of Nassau, in such convenient place or places as to the sd mayor and to the greater part of the said aldern shall seem meet and convenient, and to take such fees and perquisites for the same for the use of the sd corporation, as is now paid for the fferidge between N.. York and the sd island.

And farther, fur the more orderly government of the said borough and town, according to the form of the best governed towns and corporations of our realm of England, Wee do by these presents, for us, our heirs and successors, give an<l grant unto the s'd mayor, alder'n, and common council of the s'd borough and town of W. Chester, full power to elect and nominate one discreet and sufficient person, learned in ye law, to be recorder and town clerk of the s'd borough and town of W. Chester, during the pleasure of the s'd mayor, alder'n, and common council, and such person or persons as they the s'd mayor, alder'n, and common council shall choose to be recorder and town clerk of the s'd borough and town. Wee do, for us, our heirs and success'rs, make, ordain, and constitute recorder and town clerk of the s'd borough and town, and that the s'd person or persons may execute their s'd offices, by themselves or lawful deputy or deputies, so that the same be first approved of by the s'd mayor and the major part of the said alder'n, and wee do hereby authorize the said recorder and town clerk, his or their lawful deputy or deputies, to use and exercise such jurisdictions and authority as the recorder and town clerk doth or ought to do in the like corporations in our realm of England.

Wee do, for us, our heirs and success'rs, make, ordain, and constitute recorder and town clerk of the s'd borough and town, and that the s'd person or persons may execute their s'd offices, by themselves or lawful deputy or deputies, so that the same be first approved of by the s'd mayor and the major part of the said alder'n, and wee do hereby authorize the said recorder and town clerk, his or their lawful deputy or deputies, to use and exercise such jurisdictions and authority as the recorder and town clerk doth or ought to do in the like corporations in our realm of England. And further, we do by these presents, for us, our heirs and successors, make ordain, and constitute the s'd mayor and aldermen of the s'd borough and town of W. Chester to be justices of the peace within the s'd bounds and limits of the s'd town, and do hereby give them full power and authority to do and execute all and every act and acts, thing and things whatsoever, within the s'd bounds and limits of the s'd borough and town, in as absolute and ample manner as any justice of the peace within the s'd county of W. Chester may or ought to do, by the laws and statutes of our realm of England and this our province of N. York. And we do further, for us, our heirs, and successors, give and grant unto the s'd mayor, aldermen, and common council of ye s'd borough for the time being, and to their success'rs forever, full power and authority to nominate and appoint, from time to lime, one serjeant of the mace, and all other inferior officers and ministers which they shall think to be convenient and necessary, and which are accustomary in any of our corporations in our realm of England, for ye service of the s'd borough and town ; all which officers being from time to time appoin'd by the s'd mayor and aldermen as afores'd, we do, for us, our heirs, and successors, by these presents, constitute and establish in their several offices, and do give them and every of them full power and authority to use and exercise ye same within the s'd borough and town, and within the limits and franchises thereof during ye will and pleasure

And we do further, for us, our heirs, and successors, give and grant unto the s'd mayor, aldermen, and common council of ye s'd borough for the time being, and to their success'rs forever, full power and authority to nominate and appoint, from time to lime, one serjeant of the mace, and all other inferior officers and ministers which they shall think to be convenient and necessary, and which are accustomary in any of our corporations in our realm of England, for ye service of the s'd borough and town ; all which officers being from time to time appoin'd by the s'd mayor and aldermen as afores'd, we do, for us, our heirs, and successors, by these presents, constitute and establish in their several offices, and do give them and every of them full power and authority to use and exercise ye same within the s'd borough and town, and within the limits and franchises thereof during ye will and pleasure

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 193

of th« sd mayor and aldermen as fully and freely as any other ihe like officers in or of any of the like corporations in our realm of England lawfully may or ought to do, and the sM office of mayor shall from thenceforth forever be annual, and that the sd mayor, alder'n, and common council shall from henceforth forever have frank and free election of the sd mayor, to be chosen yearly out of the number of the sd aldermen, and that by the votes of the greatest number of the said freeholders and inhabitants of the said corporation* and all other the said officers and ministers out of the rest of the number of the sd ffreeholders and inhabitants by ye greater number of the sd mayor, aldermen, and common council, and when and so often as any of the affiares'd aldermen and common council who are hereby nominated and created for their limetime, or untill they or any of them shall be lawfully removed^ or vollenta-^ rily remove themselves from the sd corporation, ye said aldermen to be elected and chosen out of the number of the sd common council, and the number of the common council to be chosen and made up out of the freemen of the sd corporation by the grater vote of the sd freeholders and inhabitants thereof, and that always within fourteen days after the death or removal of any of them as afors'd.

of th« sd mayor and aldermen as fully and freely as any other ihe like officers in or of any of the like corporations in our realm of England lawfully may or ought to do, and the sM office of mayor shall from thenceforth forever be annual, and that the sd mayor, alder'n, and common council shall from henceforth forever have frank and free election of the sd mayor, to be chosen yearly out of the number of the sd aldermen, and that by the votes of the greatest number of the said freeholders and inhabitants of the said corporation* and all other the said officers and ministers out of the rest of the number of the sd ffreeholders and inhabitants by ye greater number of the sd mayor, aldermen, and common council, and when and so often as any of the affiares'd aldermen and common council who are hereby nominated and created for their limetime, or untill they or any of them shall be lawfully removed^ or vollenta-^ rily remove themselves from the sd corporation, ye said aldermen to be elected and chosen out of the number of the sd common council, and the number of the common council to be chosen and made up out of the freemen of the sd corporation by the grater vote of the sd freeholders and inhabitants thereof, and that always within fourteen days after the death or removal of any of them as afors'd. And farther our will and pleasure is that the first Monday in the month of May, yearly, shall be forever the day of election of the sd mayor and all other the sd officers and ministers which shall yearly succeed in the sd borough, unless the sd mayor for the time being happen to die or be lawfully remov'd within the year, in which case our pleasure is that the afores'd ffreeholders and inhabitants shall within fourteen days after the death or removil of any such mayor for the time being, as afores'd, proceed to election to some other of the sd aldermen to supply the place of the sd mayor, being void as afores'd, and that Coll.

And farther our will and pleasure is that the first Monday in the month of May, yearly, shall be forever the day of election of the sd mayor and all other the sd officers and ministers which shall yearly succeed in the sd borough, unless the sd mayor for the time being happen to die or be lawfully remov'd within the year, in which case our pleasure is that the afores'd ffreeholders and inhabitants shall within fourteen days after the death or removil of any such mayor for the time being, as afores'd, proceed to election to some other of the sd aldermen to supply the place of the sd mayor, being void as afores'd, and that Coll. Caleb Heathcott, the present mayor, shall immediately, before he take upon him the said office and place, take the oaths lately appointed by act of parliament instead of the oaths of alliegeance and supremacy, and that the same be administered to him in the presence of our sd cap'n gene'l and gover'r in chief of our sd province of N. York, and the s'd Coll. Caleb Heathcott having taken ye said oaths, shall cause the same to be given in his presence as well to such persons as ye sd Coll. Caleb Heathcott shall at any time during his mayoralty leave to be his deputy in his absence as afores'd, as to the aldermen and common council created as afores'd, and to the recorder and all such other officers and ministers as shall be chosen in the said borough for the better government of the same, and that before they or any of them shall take upon them to execute any office or place by virtue of this our royal charter and pattent, and after the end of the mayoralty of the sd Coll.

Caleb Heathcott shall at any time during his mayoralty leave to be his deputy in his absence as afores'd, as to the aldermen and common council created as afores'd, and to the recorder and all such other officers and ministers as shall be chosen in the said borough for the better government of the same, and that before they or any of them shall take upon them to execute any office or place by virtue of this our royal charter and pattent, and after the end of the mayoralty of the sd Coll. Caleb Heathcote, our will and pleasure is that every mayor of the sd town that shall be hereafter elected in manner afores'd shall immediately take the aboves'd oaths before three at the least of the aldermen of the sd borough, and that upon election of any other alder'n or common council, in case of death or removal as afores'd, or such other officers as shall be annually chosen to take the aboves'd oaths before the mayor for the time being, and any Vol. II. 25

194 HISTORY OF THE

two of the sd aldermen, whom we do by these presents fully authorize to administer and give the sd several oaths. And farther, of our especial grace certain knowledge and meer motion, do by these presents, for us, our heirs and successors, give and grant unto the sd mayor, alder'n, and common council of the borough and town of Westciiester, and their successors forever, that they the sd mayor and alderman shall and may from henceforth forever, have, hold and keep, one free market within the sd borough and town upon every Wednesday in every week, and two fairs within the sd borough and town at two several times in the year, (viz.) the one to begin and to be holden within the said borough and town upon the second Tuesday in May, yearly forever, and to continue for three days and no longer, and the other of the sd fairs to begin upon the last Tuesday in October yearly, forever, and to continue also for three days and no longer, with power to erect several courts of pipowder, and the office of clerk of entries, and all other things thereunto belonging, with all and singular the perquisites and profits, issues, customs, tolls, fees, amerciaments, commodities, jurisdictions and emoluments, to the sd courts, fairs, and markets, in any wise belonging and appertaining, and that the mayor of the said borough and town of W.

And farther, of our especial grace certain knowledge and meer motion, do by these presents, for us, our heirs and successors, give and grant unto the sd mayor, alder'n, and common council of the borough and town of Westciiester, and their successors forever, that they the sd mayor and alderman shall and may from henceforth forever, have, hold and keep, one free market within the sd borough and town upon every Wednesday in every week, and two fairs within the sd borough and town at two several times in the year, (viz.) the one to begin and to be holden within the said borough and town upon the second Tuesday in May, yearly forever, and to continue for three days and no longer, and the other of the sd fairs to begin upon the last Tuesday in October yearly, forever, and to continue also for three days and no longer, with power to erect several courts of pipowder, and the office of clerk of entries, and all other things thereunto belonging, with all and singular the perquisites and profits, issues, customs, tolls, fees, amerciaments, commodities, jurisdictions and emoluments, to the sd courts, fairs, and markets, in any wise belonging and appertaining, and that the mayor of the said borough and town of W. Chester for the time being, and no other, have power and authority to give and grant license annually, under the public seal of the said corporation, to all tavern keepers, inn keepers, ordinary keepers, vicktuallers, and all publick sellers of wine, strong waters, rum, cyder, beer, or any other sort of strong liquors by retail, within the sd corporation or the liberties and precincts thereof; and it shall and maybe lawful to and for the sd mayor of the sd borough for the time being, or his lawful deputy, to ask, demand, and receive for such licence by him to be given and granted as aforesd, such sum or sums of money as he and the person to whome such licence shall be given and granted shall agree for not exceeding the sum of 20s. for such licence, all which money as by ye said mayor shall be so receivd, shall be us'd avid applyd to the public use of the mayor, aldermen and common council of the sd borough and their successors.

Chester for the time being, and no other, have power and authority to give and grant license annually, under the public seal of the said corporation, to all tavern keepers, inn keepers, ordinary keepers, vicktuallers, and all publick sellers of wine, strong waters, rum, cyder, beer, or any other sort of strong liquors by retail, within the sd corporation or the liberties and precincts thereof; and it shall and maybe lawful to and for the sd mayor of the sd borough for the time being, or his lawful deputy, to ask, demand, and receive for such licence by him to be given and granted as aforesd, such sum or sums of money as he and the person to whome such licence shall be given and granted shall agree for not exceeding the sum of 20s. for such licence, all which money as by ye said mayor shall be so receivd, shall be us'd avid applyd to the public use of the mayor, aldermen and common council of the sd borough and their successors. And also we do, of our like especial grace, certain knowledg, and meer motion, by these presents, for us, our heirs, and successrs, grant unto the said mayor, aldermen and common council of the sd borough and town of W. Chester and their successrs forever, that the mayor with two or more of the aldermen for the time being, shall have full power to enquire, hear, and determine, of all frays and bloodsheds whatsoever, happening within the sd borough and town of W. Chester, and the offenders therein to correct and punish according to the laws of our realm of England and this our province of N. York. And we do farther by these presents, for us, our heirs, and successrs, give and grant unto the sd mayor, aldern, and common council of the sd borough and town O'f W, Cliester, and to their successrs forever that the mayor, or in his absence his deputy mayor of the sd borough and town for the time being, shall be coroner and clerk of the market within ye sd borough and town and the liberties thereof, giving and hereby granting unto the sd mayor and deputy mayor for the

And we do farther by these presents, for us, our heirs, and successrs, give and grant unto the sd mayor, aldern, and common council of the sd borough and town O'f W, Cliester, and to their successrs forever that the mayor, or in his absence his deputy mayor of the sd borough and town for the time being, shall be coroner and clerk of the market within ye sd borough and town and the liberties thereof, giving and hereby granting unto the sd mayor and deputy mayor for the

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 195

time being full power and authority to exercise and execute the said office and offices of coroner and clerk of the market in the sd borough and town and the liberties thereof in as large and ample manner as any other coroner or clerk of the market doth or may lawfully execute the like office or offices in any other town or liberties within this our province of N. York. And farther, of our especial grace, certain knowledg, and meer motion, wee do by these presents, for us, our heirs, and successors, give and grant unto the sd mayor, aldermen and common council of the sd borough and town of W. Chester aforesd, and their successrs forever, that they and their successors shall and may from time to time return and send one discreet burgess of the sd town and borough into every general assembly hereafter to be summond or holden within this our province of N. York, which burgess so returnd and sent shall be receivd into the house of deputies or members of the sd house and have and enjoy such priviledges as any other of the sd members have or ought to have. And lastly our express will and pleasure is, and we do by these presents for us, our heirs and successors, give and grant unto sd mayor, aldermen, and common council of the sd borough, and their successrs forever, that these our letters patent or the inrolment thereof in our secretarie's office of our sd province, shall be good, available, and effectual in the law to all intents, constructions, and purposes, against us, our heirs, and successors, without any other ' licence, grant, or confirmation from us, our heirs, or successors hereafter, by the sd mayor, aldermen, and common council, or their successors, or any of them, to be had and obtained notwithstanding the not recitall or miss-recitall, not nameing or miss-nameing of the sd offices, ffranchises, lands, tenements, or hereditaments, and other the premises or any of them, and notwithstanding that no writ of ad quod damnum hath issued forth to enquire of the premises or any of them before the sealing of these presents, any statute, act, ordinance, or provision, or any other matter or thing whatsoever to the contrary in any wise notwithstanding.

And lastly our express will and pleasure is, and we do by these presents for us, our heirs and successors, give and grant unto sd mayor, aldermen, and common council of the sd borough, and their successrs forever, that these our letters patent or the inrolment thereof in our secretarie's office of our sd province, shall be good, available, and effectual in the law to all intents, constructions, and purposes, against us, our heirs, and successors, without any other ' licence, grant, or confirmation from us, our heirs, or successors hereafter, by the sd mayor, aldermen, and common council, or their successors, or any of them, to be had and obtained notwithstanding the not recitall or miss-recitall, not nameing or miss-nameing of the sd offices, ffranchises, lands, tenements, or hereditaments, and other the premises or any of them, and notwithstanding that no writ of ad quod damnum hath issued forth to enquire of the premises or any of them before the sealing of these presents, any statute, act, ordinance, or provision, or any other matter or thing whatsoever to the contrary in any wise notwithstanding. In witness whereof we have caused these our letters to be made pattent. Witness our trusty and well beloved Benjamin Fletcher our capn geni and govenr in chief of our sd province of New York and the territories and tracts of land depending thereon in America, and vice admiral of the same, our lieutent and commander in chief of the melitia and of all the fforsses by sea and land within our collony of Connecticut, and of all the fforts and places of strength within the same, Alt our fort at New York, this sixteenth day of April, in the eighth year of our reign.*

Witness our trusty and well beloved Benjamin Fletcher our capn geni and govenr in chief of our sd province of New York and the territories and tracts of land depending thereon in America, and vice admiral of the same, our lieutent and commander in chief of the melitia and of all the fforsses by sea and land within our collony of Connecticut, and of all the fforts and places of strength within the same, Alt our fort at New York, this sixteenth day of April, in the eighth year of our reign.*

"\'ivANT Rex et Regina."

Another entry relates to the swearing in of the first aldermen and common council of the borough.

From a certified copy of the original, in the possession of Ogden Hammond, Esq.

ISC- -• HISTORY OF THE

" Be it remembered that upon the sixth day of June in the 8th year of his Majestie's reign, 1096, appeared before me Caleb Heathcote, mayor of the t)orough town of Westchester, William Barnes, John Hunt and John Bayley, gentlemen, aldermen of the said corporation, and Robert Huestis, Samuel Huestis, Samuel Ferris, Miles Oakley and Daniel Turner, gentlemen, common council of said corporation, and did take the oaths appointed by act of Parliamentj entitled '• of the oaths of allegiance and supremacy." Recorded, coram me,

Caleb Heathcote, Mayor.^

Upon the 11th of June, 1G96, at a meeting of the mayor, aldermen and common council, "it was ordered, that a seal shall be devised and made for the use of the corporation, and that in the mean time the seal^ formerly used by the trustees shall be made use of. It was further ordered, that Mr. James Emott shall be recorder and Edward Collier his deputy; also that Joseph Hunt, jun., should be scrjeant of the mace, if he would accept of it, and if not John Williams should be serjeant of the mace.'^

Upon the 11th of June, 1G96, at a meeting of the mayor, aldermen and common council, "it was ordered, that a seal shall be devised and made for the use of the corporation, and that in the mean time the seal^ formerly used by the trustees shall be made use of. It was further ordered, that Mr. James Emott shall be recorder and Edward Collier his deputy; also that Joseph Hunt, jun., should be scrjeant of the mace, if he would accept of it, and if not John Williams should be serjeant of the mace.'^

"At a court held in the borough town of Westchester by the mayor and aldermen of said town on the 6th of October, 1696, Colonel Heathcote brought the seal for the corporation, and did give it gratis to the town, and left it in the hands of the recorder."

Tlie Seal of the Borough of Westchester.

a Town Rec.

b Several impressions of this seal are attached to papers in the town clerk's office.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 197

At a meeting of the trustees of this town, held on the 8lli of June, 1700, it was resolved,

"That whereas at a former meeting held by the inhabitants of the borough town and precincts, on the 3d day of May, 1697, it was voted and agreed upon that there should be a town hall built to hold courts in and for the public worship of God, &c., but it being then neglected, the mayor, aldermen and justices at this meeting, did order with a joynt consent to build a house for the uses qf a court and prisoji.^ The dimensions of the house is to be twentysix feet square, sixteen feet joynts, a square roof, six window cases five feet square, &c. The trustees agreed with Richard Ward to build said house for jC33, and with Erasmus Orton to build the prison for £5.

"That whereas at a former meeting held by the inhabitants of the borough town and precincts, on the 3d day of May, 1697, it was voted and agreed upon that there should be a town hall built to hold courts in and for the public worship of God, &c., but it being then neglected, the mayor, aldermen and justices at this meeting, did order with a joynt consent to build a house for the uses qf a court and prisoji.^ The dimensions of the house is to be twentysix feet square, sixteen feet joynts, a square roof, six window cases five feet square, &c. The trustees agreed with Richard Ward to build said house for jC33, and with Erasmus Orton to build the prison for £5. It is to be twenty feet long, 16 feet wide, seven feet high, two feet thick with a good chimney. The town to find attendance. Which work is to be done by the Slst.""

By a reference to the charter, it will be seen that the borough of Westchester enjoyed the right of being represented in Assembly, The first representative appears to have been Lewis Morris, Esq. The following certificate refers to the services of this individual.

General Assembly for the Colony of New York.

Die Sabbati, 6 July, 1723. These are to certifie that Lewis Morris, Esq., one of the persons duly elected for ye borough of Westchester to serve in General Assembly for ye Colony of New York, hath attended the service of this house in General Assembly, the full term of sixty-one days.

By a reference to the charter, it will be seen that the borough of Westchester enjoyed the right of being represented in Assembly, The first representative appears to have been Lewis Morris, Esq. The following certificate refers to the services of this individual.

General Assembly for the Colony of New York.

Die Sabbati, 6 July, 1723. These are to certifie that Lewis Morris, Esq., one of the persons duly elected for ye borough of Westchester to serve in General Assembly for ye Colony of New York, hath attended the service of this house in General Assembly, the full term of sixty-one days.

By order of ye General Assembly,

R. Livingston, Speaker.

July 6th, 1723. Received ye full payment of this certificate from ye borough of Westchester, I say received by me.

Lewis Morris.':

» The old court house and jail occupied the site of the present carriage shed, on the south side of St. Peter's church. Both were burned during the Revolution.

b Westchester Rec. On the 4th of September, 1 700, Josepli Haviland and John Hunt were directed to agree for the timber work of the prison.

c Town Rec. book 9, 155.

198 ■ HISTORY OF THE

Peter de Lancey, Esq., represented the borough, in 1756, for which he received ten shillings per diem.^

One of the most important privileges conferred upon this town by the royal charter, was ihat of holding a 7nayor''s courts the first Tuesday in every month. This court had full power to hear and determine all causes " not exceeding in debtor damages the sum of twenty pounds." From the town records it appears, that "at a mayor's court holden in Westchester, 6th of July, 1697, the court did order that Capt. William Barnes shall see out for a workman to make a pair of stocks and the prison sufficient for the securing of prisoners, until such time as a w^ay may be found for the building of a new one," &c.''

This court had full power to hear and determine all causes " not exceeding in debtor damages the sum of twenty pounds." From the town records it appears, that "at a mayor's court holden in Westchester, 6th of July, 1697, the court did order that Capt. William Barnes shall see out for a workman to make a pair of stocks and the prison sufficient for the securing of prisoners, until such time as a w^ay may be found for the building of a new one," &c.''

As a proof that liberty was not yet clearly understood by our ancient judges, we subjoin an extract from the records of the mayor^s court in 1730.

" Present Miles Oakley, mayor, Thomas Hunt, Joshua Hunt, James Cromwell, Nathaniel Underbill and AVilliam Leggett, aldermen.

• " The jury being called over said they could not agree, and James Dangly and Gabriel Leggett who dissented from the others gave their reasons to the court ; which being judged insufiicient, they were fined 40.9. each, and to stand committed till paid. The jury were then discharged. "^

''At a mayor^s court held in Westchester, December, 1734, Present, William Leggett, Esq., mayor, William Firster, recorder, Nathaniel Underbill, Thomas Hunt, Joshua Hunt and Gabriel Leggett, aldermen, <fcc. The recorder presented the freedom of the town to the Hon. James de Lancey, Esq., and John Chambers, attorney at law, which was read and approved : and thereupon it was ordered that the mayor, recorder and aldermen do forthwith wait on the said James de Lancey, Esq., and John Chambers, at the house of William Burnett, and deliver the same

''At a mayor^s court held in Westchester, December, 1734, Present, William Leggett, Esq., mayor, William Firster, recorder, Nathaniel Underbill, Thomas Hunt, Joshua Hunt and Gabriel Leggett, aldermen, <fcc. The recorder presented the freedom of the town to the Hon. James de Lancey, Esq., and John Chambers, attorney at law, which was read and approved : and thereupon it was ordered that the mayor, recorder and aldermen do forthwith wait on the said James de Lancey, Esq., and John Chambers, at the house of William Burnett, and deliver the same

a Smith's Hist, of N. Y. The daily wages of the representatives, were regulated by sundry acts of Assembly, b Town Rec. c Town Rec. ... .

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 199

unto them, and desire their acceptance of the same. Accordingly the court adjourned. "a

The town properly'' is at present managed by a board of three trustees^ who represent the mayor, aldertnen and commonalty of the ancient borough of Westchester. The following act was passed by the legislature of this state, on the 19th of March, 1813, entitled "an act relative to the duties and privileges of towns." The 28th section of which directs,

"That the freeholders and inhabitants of the town of Westchester, in the county of Westchester, may, on the day of their annual town meeting, under the usual manner of electing town officers, choose six freeholders resident in this town for trustees, and the said trustees or a majorily of them, shall and may order and dispose of, all or any part of the undivided lands within the said town, as fully to every purpose, as trustees have been used to do, under any patent or charier io the said town, and may continue to lease out the right and privilege of setting and keeping a ferry across the East river from the said town of Westchester to the town of Flushing, in Queens county, in like manner, at the same rates of ferriage, under the same rules and regulations, and for the like purposes, as they have lawfully been accustomed to do, since the eighteenth day of April, one thousand seven hundred and eighty five.""^

"That the freeholders and inhabitants of the town of Westchester, in the county of Westchester, may, on the day of their annual town meeting, under the usual manner of electing town officers, choose six freeholders resident in this town for trustees, and the said trustees or a majorily of them, shall and may order and dispose of, all or any part of the undivided lands within the said town, as fully to every purpose, as trustees have been used to do, under any patent or charier io the said town, and may continue to lease out the right and privilege of setting and keeping a ferry across the East river from the said town of Westchester to the town of Flushing, in Queens county, in like manner, at the same rates of ferriage, under the same rules and regulations, and for the like purposes, as they have lawfully been accustomed to do, since the eighteenth day of April, one thousand seven hundred and eighty five.""^

In 1746, the small pox prevailing in Greenwich, New York, the house of assembly adjourned to Westchester.

The following letter of the Westchester sub-committee, dated borough and town of Westchester, August 24th, 1775, to the Honorable Provincial Congress, is copied from the military returns.

» Town Rec. On the 2d of July, 1737, Lewis Morris, Jan., and Frederick Philipse were admitted freemen of the borough under the common seal of the corporation.

b The town property prior to its division, in 1846, amounted to sixteen or twenty thousand dollars, (arising from the sale of the common lands) the interest of which was appropriated to the common schools.

The following letter of the Westchester sub-committee, dated borough and town of Westchester, August 24th, 1775, to the Honorable Provincial Congress, is copied from the military returns.

» Town Rec. On the 2d of July, 1737, Lewis Morris, Jan., and Frederick Philipse were admitted freemen of the borough under the common seal of the corporation.

b The town property prior to its division, in 1846, amounted to sixteen or twenty thousand dollars, (arising from the sale of the common lands) the interest of which was appropriated to the common schools.

<= Laws of New York, 1813- The above confirms a former act of legislature, passed 18 April, 1785, in which the freeholders of the town were authorized to choose six trustees, who should have the right to order and dispose of the undivided lands, &c.

200 HISTORY OF THE

We the subscribers appointed a sub-committee to inspect Iheelection of militia officers for the said town, do most humbly certify, that the following persons were chosen this 24th day of August, 1775, by a majority of voices duly qualified for that purpose, agreeable to the resolutions of the honorable congress abovesaid, (viz. :)

John Oakley, Captain.

Nicholas Berrian, 1st Lieutenant. Isaac Leggett, 2d Lieutenant^ Frederick Philipse Stevenson, Ensign.

C Thomas Hunt, Committee, < James Ferris,

' Lewis Graham;

At a meeting of the freeholders and inhahitants of the town of Westchester, held 1st day of April, 17SS, being the first Tuesday in April, and the annual day of electing town officers, pursuant to an act of the legislature, passed the 14th Feb. 1787. Present, Joseph Bowne, (fcc.

We the subscribers appointed a sub-committee to inspect Iheelection of militia officers for the said town, do most humbly certify, that the following persons were chosen this 24th day of August, 1775, by a majority of voices duly qualified for that purpose, agreeable to the resolutions of the honorable congress abovesaid, (viz. :)

John Oakley, Captain.

Nicholas Berrian, 1st Lieutenant. Isaac Leggett, 2d Lieutenant^ Frederick Philipse Stevenson, Ensign.

C Thomas Hunt, Committee, < James Ferris,

' Lewis Graham;

At a meeting of the freeholders and inhahitants of the town of Westchester, held 1st day of April, 17SS, being the first Tuesday in April, and the annual day of electing town officers, pursuant to an act of the legislature, passed the 14th Feb. 1787. Present, Joseph Bowne, (fcc.

The following persons were chosen for the ensuing year :

Israel Underbill, Supervisor.

John Bartow, Jr., ^

Michael Ryer, > Assessors.

Augustus Drake, )

John Bartow, Jr , 1

Israel Underliill, j

Josiah Qnimby, I ^r. , „

XT J Tu • > Trustees,

ijdward Briggs, (

Joseph Bowne, 1

Samuel Bayard. J

Cornelius Hunt, Constable.

The first settlers of Westchester, appear to liave made early provision for tlie education of the young, and the support of religion among them. This is abundantly seen in the town records. The church at this period was Congregational in its form of government, and so continued until the organization of the English Colonial Church in 1693.=^

On the 11th of February, 1680, occurs the following entry in the town books. " There was sprinkled with water by Morgan

The first settlers of Westchester, appear to liave made early provision for tlie education of the young, and the support of religion among them. This is abundantly seen in the town records. The church at this period was Congregational in its form of government, and so continued until the organization of the English Colonial Church in 1693.=^

On the 11th of February, 1680, occurs the following entry in the town books. " There was sprinkled with water by Morgan

* For a long period, Westchester appears to have been associated with Eastchesler, in the support of a minister . .,.■.., , ..

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 201

Jones, priest, (what they call baptizing) William Hunt, son of John Hunt of Westchester; witnesses present, Joseph Hunt and Bridget Waters." The same year, " Morgan Jones married Isaac Dickerman of this towne, to Bertha, the daughter of Henry Gardner. Recorded by me, Francis French, clerk,"^

At a town meeting held in AVestchester, April 2nd, 1684, " it was voted, that the justices and vestrymen of Westchester, Eastchester and Yonckers, do accept of Mr. Warham Mather as our minister for one whole year, and that he shall have sixty pound in country produce, at money price, for his salary, and that he shall be paid every quarter. Done in behalf of the justices aforesaid, signed by us,"b

John Gtuimby, Joseph Hunt, John Bayley, John Burkbee.

In the year 1692, the church appears to have been without a minister ; for, " at a lawful town meeting held in Westchester, by the freeholders and inhabitants, and residents of said place, the 2nd day of January, 1692, in order to consult, conclude and agree, about procuring an ortliodox minister in said town. It is voated and agreed upon, that there shall be an orthodox minister in the town aforesaid, as soon as possible may be, and to allow him forty or fifty pound per annum, equivalent to money, for his maintenance.

In the year 1692, the church appears to have been without a minister ; for, " at a lawful town meeting held in Westchester, by the freeholders and inhabitants, and residents of said place, the 2nd day of January, 1692, in order to consult, conclude and agree, about procuring an ortliodox minister in said town. It is voated and agreed upon, that there shall be an orthodox minister in the town aforesaid, as soon as possible may be, and to allow him forty or fifty pound per annum, equivalent to money, for his maintenance. Its also voated and agreed upon, that a man shall go to the Honorable Colonel Heathcote, and see if he can prevail with him for to procure us a minister, in his travels in New England, otherwise that Captain William Barnes shall go and procure us a minister.''^

On the 15th of Dec, 1602, the general court of sessions ordered, '■that within any towne, precinct and patent within this county, due observation of the Lord's day shall be kept, and for want of an able minister, the inhabitants shall employ a reader, to read out of good books, two sermons every Lord's day, (that is to say) one in the forenoone between 9 and 11 o'clock, and one in the

» Town Rec. t Town Rec. « Town Rec. p. 198

ToL. II. 26

202 \^' '" HISTORY OF THE

aftenioone between two and four o'clock, at such places as shall be thought meet and convenient by ye inhabitants of such towne, precinct and patent, (fcc-^"-

On the 15th of Dec, 1602, the general court of sessions ordered, '■that within any towne, precinct and patent within this county, due observation of the Lord's day shall be kept, and for want of an able minister, the inhabitants shall employ a reader, to read out of good books, two sermons every Lord's day, (that is to say) one in the forenoone between 9 and 11 o'clock, and one in the

» Town Rec. t Town Rec. « Town Rec. p. 198

ToL. II. 26

202 \^' '" HISTORY OF THE

aftenioone between two and four o'clock, at such places as shall be thought meet and convenient by ye inhabitants of such towne, precinct and patent, (fcc-^"-

A LIST OF MINISTERS OF THE CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH; WESTCHESTER.

Instal or call. Ministers. Vacated by

1665-6, Rev. Mr. Brewster, resignation.

1674, Rev. Ezekiel Fogge, ditto.

1680, Rev. Morgan Jones, ditto.

1684, Rev. Warham Mather, ditto.

The first organization of the Episcopal church in this town took place under the act of assembly passed September, 1693. entitled " An act for settling a ministry and raising a maintenance for them in the city of New York and the counties of Richmond, Westchester^ and Queen's." To the above act was added as follows on the 11th of May, 1697, "that there shall be called and inducted and established a good sufficient Protestant minister to officiate and have the care of souls within one year next and after the publication hereof. In the county of Westchester two, one to have the cure of Westchester, Eastchester, Yonkers, and the manor of Pelham,"b &c., ifcc.

The first organization of the Episcopal church in this town took place under the act of assembly passed September, 1693. entitled " An act for settling a ministry and raising a maintenance for them in the city of New York and the counties of Richmond, Westchester^ and Queen's." To the above act was added as follows on the 11th of May, 1697, "that there shall be called and inducted and established a good sufficient Protestant minister to officiate and have the care of souls within one year next and after the publication hereof. In the county of Westchester two, one to have the cure of Westchester, Eastchester, Yonkers, and the manor of Pelham,"b &c., ifcc.

The subjoined order relates to the erection of the first Episcopal church in Westchester.^

"At a meeting held by the trustees this 4th of September, 1700, present, Josiah Hunt, president, Edward W^aters, Joseph Haviland, John Hunt, Joseph Bayley, John Ferris, sen., and Richard Ponton. It is voted and agreed upon that all who shall cart timber and stuff for the ineeting house shall have six shillings per diem, &c., done in behalf of the freeholders and commonality of the towii."'^

» Town Rec.

b Acts of provincial assembly, N. Y., from 1691 to 1725, p. 23.

<^ The exact date when the Congregational meeting house was erected here is uncertain ; it must, however, have fallen into decay sometime prior to the erection of the Episcopal church.

d Town Rec, . •■

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 203

It is voted and agreed upon that all who shall cart timber and stuff for the ineeting house shall have six shillings per diem, &c., done in behalf of the freeholders and commonality of the towii."'^

» Town Rec.

b Acts of provincial assembly, N. Y., from 1691 to 1725, p. 23.

<^ The exact date when the Congregational meeting house was erected here is uncertain ; it must, however, have fallen into decay sometime prior to the erection of the Episcopal church.

d Town Rec, . •■

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 203

At a subsequent meeting' of the trustees held on the 26th of October, A. D. 1700, " It vvns voted that Richard Ward shall build the meeting house twenty-eight feet square, with a turret on the top, for forty pounds.''^-

The first rector of the parish was the Rev. John Bartow. " This individual (remarks Dr. Hawkins,) was appointed missionary on an annual salary of £50, in the year 1702. He arrived in New York in ten weeks, during the prevalence of a very fatal sickness, of which twenty persons, on an average, died every day for some months. He was fixed at Westchester by the governor, Lord Cornbury, but found the glebe of one hundred acres "all a wilderness," no part of which had ever been cultivated. He says, November 4th, 1702, " we have a small house built here for public worship of boards, but there is neither desk, pulpit, nor bell in it.'''^

Here follows the Bishop of London's'^ license to John Bartow, clerk.

He arrived in New York in ten weeks, during the prevalence of a very fatal sickness, of which twenty persons, on an average, died every day for some months. He was fixed at Westchester by the governor, Lord Cornbury, but found the glebe of one hundred acres "all a wilderness," no part of which had ever been cultivated. He says, November 4th, 1702, " we have a small house built here for public worship of boards, but there is neither desk, pulpit, nor bell in it.'''^

Here follows the Bishop of London's'^ license to John Bartow, clerk.

« In 179i2 the frame work of the old church was sold by order of the vestry to Mrs. Sarah Ferris, widow of Benjamin Ferris, who afterwards converted it into a barn. It is now owned by her son-in-law, Captain E. Hawkins. The frame work measures exactly twenty-eight feet square, according to the specification 147 years ago. The posts are sixteen feet high.

b Hawkins' Hist. Notes of Colonial Church, 276. MS. Letters, vol. i. 1, 55.

■= We take the following extracts from Queen Anne's instructions to Lord Cornbury, dated December 5th, 1702. " Article 6th. And whereas the inhabitants of our said province have of late years been unliappily divided, and by their enmity to each other, our service and their own general welfare have been very much obstructed, you are therefore in the execution of our commission to avoid the engaging yourself in the parties which have been formed amongst them, and to use such impartiality and moderation to all as may best conduce to our service and the good of the colony."

And whereas the inhabitants of our said province have of late years been unliappily divided, and by their enmity to each other, our service and their own general welfare have been very much obstructed, you are therefore in the execution of our commission to avoid the engaging yourself in the parties which have been formed amongst them, and to use such impartiality and moderation to all as may best conduce to our service and the good of the colony."

Article 60. " You shall take especial care that God Almighty be devoutly and duly served throughout your government, the book of common prayer as by law established read each Sunday and holyday, and the blessed sacraments administered, according to the rites of the Church of England. You shall be careful that the churches already built there be well and orderly kept, and that more be built as the colony shall by God's blessing be improved, and that besides a competent maintenance to be assigned to the minister of each orthodox church a convenient house be built at the common charge, for each minister, and u competent proportion of land assigned him for a glebe and exercise of his industry. And you are to take care that the parishes be limited and settled as you shall find most convenient for the accomplishing this good work."

204 # HISTORY OF THE

Henricus, permissionedivina, Londonensis episcopus, dilecto nobis in Christo Johanni Bartow, clerico, salutem et gratiam, ad peragendum officium ministeriale intra provinciam de Novo Eboraco, in America, in precibus cominunibus aliisque ministeriis ecclesiasticis ad officium ministeriale perlinentibus juxta formam descriptam in libro publicarum precum, auctoritale parliamenti hujus inclyti regni Angliae, in ea parte edita, et provisa, et canones, et constitutionis> in ea parte legitime stabilitas, et publicatas, et non aliter neque alio modo ; tibi de cujus fidelitate morum integritate literarum scientia summa doctrina et ddigentia plurimura confidemus, (prsstituta penitus parte juramus totam de agnoscendo regiam supremam majestatam, juxta vim formam et effectum statuti parliamenti dicti regni Anglia^, in ea parte editi et provisi, quam de canonica obedientia nobis et successoribus nostris in omnibus recitis et honestis per te praBStanda et exbibenda subscriplisque pertinentibus iilis articulis mentionatis in tricesimo sexto capitulo libri conslilutorum, sive canonum ecclesiasticorum, anno Domini, 1604, regia auctoritale editorum et promulgatorum licentiam I'acultatum nostram concedimus et impertamur per precedentes, ad nostrum beneplacitum dum tanat duraturas, in cujus rei testimonium sigillam nostram,

Henricus, permissionedivina, Londonensis episcopus, dilecto nobis in Christo Johanni Bartow, clerico, salutem et gratiam, ad peragendum officium ministeriale intra provinciam de Novo Eboraco, in America, in precibus cominunibus aliisque ministeriis ecclesiasticis ad officium ministeriale perlinentibus juxta formam descriptam in libro publicarum precum, auctoritale parliamenti hujus inclyti regni Angliae, in ea parte edita, et provisa, et canones, et constitutionis> in ea parte legitime stabilitas, et publicatas, et non aliter neque alio modo ; tibi de cujus fidelitate morum integritate literarum scientia summa doctrina et ddigentia plurimura confidemus, (prsstituta penitus parte juramus totam de agnoscendo regiam supremam majestatam, juxta vim formam et effectum statuti parliamenti dicti regni Anglia^, in ea parte editi et provisi, quam de canonica obedientia nobis et successoribus nostris in omnibus recitis et honestis per te praBStanda et exbibenda subscriplisque pertinentibus iilis articulis mentionatis in tricesimo sexto capitulo libri conslilutorum, sive canonum ecclesiasticorum, anno Domini, 1604, regia auctoritale editorum et promulgatorum licentiam I'acultatum nostram concedimus et impertamur per precedentes, ad nostrum beneplacitum dum tanat duraturas, in cujus rei testimonium sigillam nostram,

" 61. You are not to prefer any minister to any ecclesiastical benefice in that our province without a certificate from tlie Riglit Rev. father in God the Bishop of London, of his being conformable to the doctrine and discipline of the Church of England, and of a good life and conversation, and if any person preferred already to a benefice appear to you to give scandal!, either by his doctrine or manners, you are to use the best means for the removal of him, and to supply the vacancy in such manner as we have directed."

You are not to prefer any minister to any ecclesiastical benefice in that our province without a certificate from tlie Riglit Rev. father in God the Bishop of London, of his being conformable to the doctrine and discipline of the Church of England, and of a good life and conversation, and if any person preferred already to a benefice appear to you to give scandal!, either by his doctrine or manners, you are to use the best means for the removal of him, and to supply the vacancy in such manner as we have directed."

" Article 62. You are to give order forthwith (if the same be not already done,) that every orthodox minister within your government be one of the vestry in his respective parisii, and tiiat no vestry be held without him, except in case of sickness, or that after notice of a veslry summoned he omit to come."

" Article 63. You are to examine whether there be any minister within your government who preaches and administers the sacraments in any orthodox church or chapel without being in due orders, and to give an account thereof to the said Bishop of London."

" Article 64. And to the end the ecclesiastical jurisdiction of the said Bishop of liondon may take place in tliat province so far as conveniently may be, we do tbink fit that you give all countenance and encouragement to the exercise of the same, excepting only the collecting to benefices, granting licences for marriages, and probate of wills, which we have reserved to you, our governor, and to the commander-in-chief of our said province for the time being."

And to the end the ecclesiastical jurisdiction of the said Bishop of liondon may take place in tliat province so far as conveniently may be, we do tbink fit that you give all countenance and encouragement to the exercise of the same, excepting only the collecting to benefices, granting licences for marriages, and probate of wills, which we have reserved to you, our governor, and to the commander-in-chief of our said province for the time being."

" Article 65. We do further direct that no schoolma.fter be henceforth permitted to come from England and to keep school within our province of New York without the license of the said Bishop of London, and that no other person now there or that shall come from other parts be admitted to keep school without your license first obtained,' Sec. The origiual document is in the possession of Mr. Hayward, West 13th .street. New York.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 203

(quam in similibus plerumque utimur,) praesentibus apponi fecimns dat vicesimo secundo die mensis Junii, anno Domini millesimo septengentesimo, secundo nostra translatione vicesimo septinno.'''*

The first election for church officers, occurs the year of Mr. Barlow's arrival. " At a meeting held in the borongh town of Westchester, by the parishioners of said church, pursuant to an act of general assembly, "entitled an act for the settling a ministry and raising a mai'itenance for them, &.c.," and Mr. John Bartow being settled minister of said parish, and his maintenance ought to be taken care for, do voluntarily make choice of the vestry and churcliwardens, the 12th day of January, the first year of his majesties reign, A. D. 1702. Present. Mr. Justice Pell, Mr. Justice John Hunt,

" At a meeting held in the borongh town of Westchester, by the parishioners of said church, pursuant to an act of general assembly, "entitled an act for the settling a ministry and raising a mai'itenance for them, &.c.," and Mr. John Bartow being settled minister of said parish, and his maintenance ought to be taken care for, do voluntarily make choice of the vestry and churcliwardens, the 12th day of January, the first year of his majesties reign, A. D. 1702. Present. Mr. Justice Pell, Mr. Justice John Hunt,

Mr. Justice Willett, Mr. Justice Graham,

Mr. Justice Josiah Hunt, Mr. Justice Bayley.

Churchwardens. Lieutenant Col. Graham, Justice Josiah Hunt.

Vestrymen. Thomas Baxter, sen., Joseph Haviland,

Joseph Drake, Thomas Pell,

John Archer, Miles Oakley,

John Buckbee, Daniel Clark,

Thomas Hunt, senr. of West Farms, Peter le Roy.

Edward Collier, clerk. Erasmus Allen, Messenger.

It is agreed upon by the said justices and vestrymen, that there shall be raised fifty-five ])Ounds for the minister's maintenance, and poor of the parish. The quotas for each precinct is as followeth :

Westchester, £21 18 0

Morris Anna, 3 7 0

Eastchester, 7 13 0

Pelham, 1 13 0

Rochelle, 7 3 0

Yonkers, 7 6 0

£bb 0 0

Probate Rec. New York, lib. vi.

Zm ' ■ HISTORY OF THE

To be paid unto the churchwardens, at or before the lotli of December, next ensuing."

From a summary account of the state of the church in the provhice of New York, as it was laid before the clergy, convened Oct. 5th, 1704, at New York, &c., we learn that there was a church built, but not finished, being neither glazed nor ceiled." " There is £50 settled on the minister's salary by act of Assera^- bly." "There is twenty-three acres of land given by Westchester division, for a glebe, =i &c.

From a summary account of the state of the church in the provhice of New York, as it was laid before the clergy, convened Oct. 5th, 1704, at New York, &c., we learn that there was a church built, but not finished, being neither glazed nor ceiled." " There is £50 settled on the minister's salary by act of Assera^- bly." "There is twenty-three acres of land given by Westchester division, for a glebe, =i &c. " At the end of two years," Mr. Bartow speaks with thankfulness, of having, " by the blessing of Almighty God, been made instrumental in making many proselytes to our holy religion, who are very constant and devout, in and at their attendance on Divine service ; and, those who were enemies at my first coming, are now zealous professors of the ordinances of our church. The inhabitants of our parish live scattered and dispersed up and down in the woods, so that many cannot rep:ur constantly to the church, by reason of their great distance from it." Mr. Bartow appears, by his letters, to have been in the habit^ of making collections in his church for any very urgent cases of distress. Thus we have the following notices : " September 5th, 170S, came a distressed woman, widow of Maynard, through Westchester, who had nine children murdered by the Indians. Collected for her in the church, eleven shillings and six pence." The following Sunday he made a similar collection for a poor man. Besides Westchester at which he resided, Mr. Bartow oiBciated once a month at Eastchester, and occasionally at Yonkers. The populaiion of Westchester was about five hundred and fifty : that of Eastchester, four hundred, (fcc.c

Thus we have the following notices : " September 5th, 170S, came a distressed woman, widow of Maynard, through Westchester, who had nine children murdered by the Indians. Collected for her in the church, eleven shillings and six pence." The following Sunday he made a similar collection for a poor man. Besides Westchester at which he resided, Mr. Bartow oiBciated once a month at Eastchester, and occasionally at Yonkers. The populaiion of Westchester was about five hundred and fifty : that of Eastchester, four hundred, (fcc.c

Colonel Caleb Heathcote in a letter to the secretary of the Venerable Propagation Society, dated manor of Scarsdale, Nov. 9, 1705, says, " there is not any gentleman whom the society hath sent over, that is clothed with a fairer character than Mr. Bartow, of Westchester, and truly he is a very good and sober man, and

a Church Record, Francis L. Hawks, D. D., Editor, vol. i. no 16, 1841, b MS. Letters in Lambeth collection, vol. ii. L 32.

* Hist. Not. of the Col. Church, by Ernest Hav?kins, 276. MS. letters, Lambeth Coll. vol. ix. p. 109.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 207

is extremely well liked of and spoken of by his parishioners in general."

The following items are taken from the town records : "At a meeting of the jaslices of the vestry the 6th of Maich, 1704-5, John WiUiams late constable for the year 1703, appears with a receipt from Mr. John Bartow, bearing date the 5th of March, 1704, for the snm of £26 10, which is the full quota for the minister's rate in Westchester.

is extremely well liked of and spoken of by his parishioners in general."

The following items are taken from the town records : "At a meeting of the jaslices of the vestry the 6th of Maich, 1704-5, John WiUiams late constable for the year 1703, appears with a receipt from Mr. John Bartow, bearing date the 5th of March, 1704, for the snm of £26 10, which is the full quota for the minister's rate in Westchester.

At a meeting of the justices, churchwardens and vestry of the parish of Westchester, Easlchester, Yonkers and the manor of Pelham, this 12th of December, 1706, in obedience to his excellency the governor's order, (fcc, present,

Justices.

John Hunt, Capt. John Drake and Major Wm. Willett.

Vestrymen.

Capt. Oliver Bayley, Henry Fowler, Sen.,

Lieut. Joseph Drake, Samuel Ferris,

Thomas Pell, Jeremiah Fowler.

It is voted and agreed upon by the justices and vestry aforesaid, that the parisA church in Westchester, shall be finished, that is to say, to seal the sides up to the wall plates, and lay a board floor, and make two new door cases, with doors and window shuts for the windows in said church, the upper windows excepted ; and whereas, Jeremiah Fowler and Isaac Irehii, presenting themselves to do said work, the justices and vestry have agreed with them to do said worke for £17, in good current money of New York, provided, that as soon as they have laid the under floor and made the doors, and door cases and windowshuts, they shall be paid to the value of said work, and the renminder of said £17, at the finishing thereof. The justices and vestry to find bords, and nails and hinges.

It is voted and agreed upon by the justices and vestry aforesaid, that the parisA church in Westchester, shall be finished, that is to say, to seal the sides up to the wall plates, and lay a board floor, and make two new door cases, with doors and window shuts for the windows in said church, the upper windows excepted ; and whereas, Jeremiah Fowler and Isaac Irehii, presenting themselves to do said work, the justices and vestry have agreed with them to do said worke for £17, in good current money of New York, provided, that as soon as they have laid the under floor and made the doors, and door cases and windowshuts, they shall be paid to the value of said work, and the renminder of said £17, at the finishing thereof. The justices and vestry to find bords, and nails and hinges.

Edmund CulUerJ^

"At a subsequent meeting held by ye justices, churchwardens and vestry, &c., this 23d day of December, 1707, they found ii necessary to raise ye sumes which followeth, viz.

To ye minister's rate and collecting .... £b2 100 To yc poor, &c 29 8 0

To boards for Eastchester church . . . . . 5 0 0

208 HISTORY OF THE

To ye clerk of ye vestry ;£! 0 0

To ye bell ringer ........ 100

To ye collecting of 11 0 0

To ye belfry roof of Westchester church . . . 0 7 0

. To ye sacrament and collection . . . . . 3 8 0

To ye minister's rate and collecting .... £b2 100 To yc poor, &c 29 8 0

To boards for Eastchester church . . . . . 5 0 0

208 HISTORY OF THE

To ye clerk of ye vestry ;£! 0 0

To ye bell ringer ........ 100

To ye collecting of 11 0 0

To ye belfry roof of Westchester church . . . 0 7 0

. To ye sacrament and collection . . . . . 3 8 0

At a meeting of ye churchwardens and vestrymen, freeholders and parishioners of the borongh of Westchester, held the lOth day of January, A. D. 1709, present,

Joseph Hunt, Major William Willett,

Thomas Pinckney, John Hunt,

Justices, Were chosen, and appointed

Joseph Hunt,jun. and Jeremiah Fowler, Churchwardens. Vestrymen. For the borough of Westchester. For Eastchester.

Miles Oakley, Isaac Taylor,

Thomas Baxter, sen. John Lancaster,

Thomas Hunt. Nathaniel Tompkins. .

For Yonckers Precinct. For the Manor of Pelham.

John Archer, Thomas Pell.

Noah Bartow. . For New Rochelle,

Anthony Lespinard. Collected for the minister, £50. P'or the clerk of vestry, £5. For collecting, £2 13. The quotas for the diflerent precincts were

Westchester, £2b 0 0 New Rochelle, -£8 15 0

Eastchester, 9 0 0 Pelham, 3 0 0

Yonckers, 8 0 0 Morrisania, 3 0 0

In 1720 the quotas for the church and poor of the parish stood thus, Westchester, =£37 10 02 Eastchester, X12 14 Hi

Yonckers, 11 12 lOi IS ew Rochelle, 12 14 U

Pelham, 4 4 li Morrisania, 4 10 0

For collecting, £2 13. The quotas for the diflerent precincts were

Westchester, £2b 0 0 New Rochelle, -£8 15 0

Eastchester, 9 0 0 Pelham, 3 0 0

Yonckers, 8 0 0 Morrisania, 3 0 0

In 1720 the quotas for the church and poor of the parish stood thus, Westchester, =£37 10 02 Eastchester, X12 14 Hi

Yonckers, 11 12 lOi IS ew Rochelle, 12 14 U

Pelham, 4 4 li Morrisania, 4 10 0

In the year 1711, the venerable Propagation Society voted one hundred and fifty prayer books, and £5 worth of tracts for the Rev. John Bartow of Westchester.^

Mr. Barlow in 1713 contributed £9 65. 6^., towards rectifying the pews and seats in East and Westchester.^ The same year, Mr. Charles Glen was appointed schoolmaster at Westches-

Reports of Propagation Soc. b Ibid.

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208 HISTORY OF THE

To ye clpik of ye vestry ^10 0

To ye bell ringer 10 0

To ye collecting of Jl 0 0

To ye belfry roof of Westchester church . . . 0 7 0

, To ye sacrament and collection . . . . . 3 8 0

At a meeting- of ye churchwardens and vestrymen, freeholders and parishioners of the borough of Westchester, held the 10th day of January, A. D. 1709, present,

Joseph Hunt, Major William Willett,

Thomas Pinckney, John Hunt,

Justices, Were chosen, and appointed

Joseph Hunt,jun. and Jeremiah Fowler, Churchwardens. Vestrymen. For the borough of Westchester. For Eastchester.

Miles Oakley, Isaac Taylor,

Thomas Baxter, sen. John Lancaster,

Thomas Hunt. Nathaniel Tompkins.

For Yonckers Precinct. For the Manor of Pelham.

At a meeting- of ye churchwardens and vestrymen, freeholders and parishioners of the borough of Westchester, held the 10th day of January, A. D. 1709, present,

Joseph Hunt, Major William Willett,

Thomas Pinckney, John Hunt,

Justices, Were chosen, and appointed

Joseph Hunt,jun. and Jeremiah Fowler, Churchwardens. Vestrymen. For the borough of Westchester. For Eastchester.

Miles Oakley, Isaac Taylor,

Thomas Baxter, sen. John Lancaster,

Thomas Hunt. Nathaniel Tompkins.

For Yonckers Precinct. For the Manor of Pelham.

John Archer, Thomas Pell.

Noah Bartow. . For New Rochelle,

Anthony Lespinard. Collected for the minister, =£50. J'or the clerk of vestry, .£5. For collecting, £2 13. The quotas for the dit^'erent precincts were

Westchester, £2^ 0 0 New Rochelle, -CS 15 0

Eastchester, 9 0 0 Pelham, 3 0 0

Yonckers, 8 0 0 IMorrisania, 3 0 0

In 1720 the quotas for the church and poor of the parish stood thus, Westchester, .£37 10 02 Eastchester, i;i2 14 Hi

Yonckers, 11 12 lOi New Rochelle, 12 14 li

Pelham, 4 4 li Morrisania, 4 10 0

In the year 1711, the venerable Propagation Society voted one hundred and fifty prayer books, and £5 worth of tracts for the Rev. John Bartow of Westchester. <•>•

Mr. Barlow in 1713 contributed £9 6s. 6d., towards rectifying the pews and seats in East and Westchester. ^ The same year, Mr. Charles Glen was appointed schoolmaster at Westches-

Reports of Propagation Soc. b Ibid.

PEDIGREE OF BARTOW OF WESTCHESTER, d'argcnt accompagu^e de six anaele

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In the year 1711, the venerable Propagation Society voted one hundred and fifty prayer books, and £5 worth of tracts for the Rev. John Bartow of Westchester. <•>•

Mr. Barlow in 1713 contributed £9 6s. 6d., towards rectifying the pews and seats in East and Westchester. ^ The same year, Mr. Charles Glen was appointed schoolmaster at Westches-

Reports of Propagation Soc. b Ibid.

PEDIGREE OF BARTOW OF WESTCHESTER, d'argcnt accompagu^e de six anaele

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COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 209

ter, with a salary of c€JS per annum, "as he is recomnrended under the character of a person sober and diligent, well affected to the Cluirch of England, and competently skilled in reading, writins-, arithmetic, psalmody and the Latin tongne, provided he comply with the Society's rules in sending certificates of the number of his scholars. "a

In J 715, by the blessing of God on Mr. Bartow's ministry at Westchester, Eastchi^ster, Yonckers, and the manor of Pelham? where there were formerly very few of the Church communion, there was visibly a very great reibrmation of manners.i^

Mr. William Forster appears to have been schoolmaster in 1719. This individual had thirty scholars, " whom he catechises every Saturday and also every Sunday when Mr. Bartow goes to another part of the parish."*^

In 1722, Mr. Bartow informs the Society '-that they are repairing the church at Westchester by voluntary contributions, procured by the zealous efforts of Mr. Forster.''^

Bartow's ministry at Westchester, Eastchi^ster, Yonckers, and the manor of Pelham? where there were formerly very few of the Church communion, there was visibly a very great reibrmation of manners.i^

Mr. William Forster appears to have been schoolmaster in 1719. This individual had thirty scholars, " whom he catechises every Saturday and also every Sunday when Mr. Bartow goes to another part of the parish."*^

In 1722, Mr. Bartow informs the Society '-that they are repairing the church at Westchester by voluntary contributions, procured by the zealous efforts of Mr. Forster.''^

" Mr. Bartow (says Dr. Hawkins) continued in the discharge of his important duties for the long period of a quarter of a century. He was the instrument of bringing many separatists back to the church, and adniitting into it many hitherto careless adults. He likewise gave much of his time to the instruction of the poor negroes." " By such long and faithful services he received the general esteem of his people." The Rev. John Bartow was the son of General Bartow, a French Protestant refugee, who fled from France to England on the revocaiion of the edict of Nantes. A branch of this family, resident in Brittany, originally wrote the name Bertaut ;e but like other French names it was afterwards changed.

Mr. Bartow received his education at Christ College, Cambridge, and as v/e have previously shown entered upon his duties here in 1702. In 1722, he purchased of John Moss and Rosamond his wife, the farm now owned by Mr. Abraham Hatfield.

John Bartow was the son of General Bartow, a French Protestant refugee, who fled from France to England on the revocaiion of the edict of Nantes. A branch of this family, resident in Brittany, originally wrote the name Bertaut ;e but like other French names it was afterwards changed.

Mr. Bartow received his education at Christ College, Cambridge, and as v/e have previously shown entered upon his duties here in 1702. In 1722, he purchased of John Moss and Rosamond his wife, the farm now owned by Mr. Abraham Hatfield.

a Reports of Propagation Soc. b Ibid. c ibid. d Ibid.

'- « The arms of the Bertautes or Bertaudes, en Bretagne, Du Hertray, Du Hame!, Du Pontpierre, de la Poissonniere, were d'or a la bande de sable, charge© de trois began ts d'argent accompagne de six annelets de geules, suis en orie. ^ - :■■■

Vol. II. 27

210 - ■ HISTORY OF THE

Here he must have resided till his death, A. D. 1725. His remains are supposed to be interred in the family burying ground. la 1705, he married Helen, second daughter of John Read of Middrovv Castle, parish of Kirkleston, Scotland, and sister of Col. Read, Governor of New Jersey. By his last will he bequeathed an equal part of all his personal estate to his wife. To Thomas his eldest son, land in Monmouth county, New Jersey, granted to him and his wife Helen by his father-in-law, John Read, in 1705, and all his Greek and Latin books, watch and a new English bible quarto. To Theodosius, lands in New Jersey, a gold ring and an English bible quarto. To Anthony, lands on Montapon river in the same province, and a new English bible quarto. To Basil, an estate in Middlesex, New Jersey, also a part of the Indian purchase, called Pine hill, and a bible quarto, &c.a-

To Thomas his eldest son, land in Monmouth county, New Jersey, granted to him and his wife Helen by his father-in-law, John Read, in 1705, and all his Greek and Latin books, watch and a new English bible quarto. To Theodosius, lands in New Jersey, a gold ring and an English bible quarto. To Anthony, lands on Montapon river in the same province, and a new English bible quarto. To Basil, an estate in Middlesex, New Jersey, also a part of the Indian purchase, called Pine hill, and a bible quarto, &c.a-

In 1725, " a gratuity of £50 was made by the Propngation Society to Mrs. Bartow, in consequence of Mr. Bartow's good seivices of twenty-three years."!* Three sons of Mr. Bartow, Thcophilus, Anthony, and Basil, left a numerous posterity, some of whom are still residing in Westchester county.

Mr. Bartow was succeeded in 172G by the Rev. Thomas Standard. In his report for the year 1728, Mr. Standard states, that he preaches alternately at East and Westchester twice a day, for the summer, and catechises the children publicly at Eastchester.

At a meeting of the trustees and freeholders of the borough town of Westchester, held the 14th of March, 1729, present Miles Oakley, president, and Thomas Hadden, Nathaniel Underbill, Underbill Barnes, Thomas Baxter, John Palmer, Thomas Hunt, Joseph Hunt, and James Baxter, trustees, ordered that Nathaniel Underbill, treasurer, pay Ebenezer Uaviland

For a spindle for the church, ...... £3 7 6

To Justice Hadden, for lath and service done . . . . 2 8 0

At a meeting of the trustees and freeholders of the borough town of Westchester, held the 14th of March, 1729, present Miles Oakley, president, and Thomas Hadden, Nathaniel Underbill, Underbill Barnes, Thomas Baxter, John Palmer, Thomas Hunt, Joseph Hunt, and James Baxter, trustees, ordered that Nathaniel Underbill, treasurer, pay Ebenezer Uaviland

For a spindle for the church, ...... £3 7 6

To Justice Hadden, for lath and service done . . . . 2 8 0

To Captain Oakley for service done, 0 6 0

Allowed the treasurer for four white oak plank, )

Carting ditto, and for the weathercock, j ' ' '

Rec. of Wills, Surrogate's office, N. Y. vol. x. 180.

Rep. of Propagalion Soc.

Ilawkin's Hist. Not. of the Col. Church, 277.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 211

To Wm. Oakley for bringing the weathercock from New York, 0 3 0 To Israel Honeywell for 4500 shingles and carting, and paid for

mending the windows, . . . . . . . 12 1 0

To Mr. Giilaim for work done above his articles, . . . 9 2 3

To Mr. Gillaim for work as per articles, 42 0 0

To expenses at making the agreement, . . . . • 2 0 0

To Mr. Barnett, expenses at this meeting, . . • . 0 9 0

To Jeremiah Fowler's expenses, . . . . . . 0 10 0

Total* £73 7 9

At a meeting of the trustees, ttc, had oti the 6th day of May, A. D. 1729, present Miles Oakley, president, John Pahner, Thomas Baxter, Joseph Hunt, Thomas Hadden, Thomas Hunt, Nathaniel Underhill, John Cromwell, Underhill Barnes, and Miles Oakley, jr., trustees ; pursuant to an act of general assembly of this province passed in the tenth year of the reign of our late sovereign lord.

To Jeremiah Fowler's expenses, . . . . . . 0 10 0

Total* £73 7 9

At a meeting of the trustees, ttc, had oti the 6th day of May, A. D. 1729, present Miles Oakley, president, John Pahner, Thomas Baxter, Joseph Hunt, Thomas Hadden, Thomas Hunt, Nathaniel Underhill, John Cromwell, Underhill Barnes, and Miles Oakley, jr., trustees ; pursuant to an act of general assembly of this province passed in the tenth year of the reign of our late sovereign lord. King William the Third of glorious memory, entitled an act to enable the respective towns in this province to build and repair their meeting houses and other publick buildings. Resolved, nemine contra diceiile, that the sum of £70 shall be raised, and also the collection for the same sum, for the repairing aS*^. Peter''s Chifrch in said Westchester, and for no other use, and that they will make a rate accordingly, agreeable to ye next assessments to be made and taken of the town sworn assessors, and that they will meet on ye 22d inst. to agree with workmen for that purpose," i^ &.c.

At a subsequent meeting of the trustees "cC16 was ordered to be raised to finish the seats of the church, secure the frame, and to pay off the arrears, the seats to be made with backs, including the collector's fees ; and Underhill Barnes and Thomas Hunt are appointed overseers of the work, and to employ workmen. It was further ordered that a warrant be issued for raising said money according to law, to be paid at ye same time with the county lax. Also ordered, the overseers now chosen require Henry Gillaim to compleat his work, especially tlie front of the gallenj, and to make it secure and substantial.''^

At a subsequent meeting of the trustees "cC16 was ordered to be raised to finish the seats of the church, secure the frame, and to pay off the arrears, the seats to be made with backs, including the collector's fees ; and Underhill Barnes and Thomas Hunt are appointed overseers of the work, and to employ workmen. It was further ordered that a warrant be issued for raising said money according to law, to be paid at ye same time with the county lax. Also ordered, the overseers now chosen require Henry Gillaim to compleat his work, especially tlie front of the gallenj, and to make it secure and substantial.''^

a Westchester Rec. vol. ix. 212. b Westchester Rec. vol. ix. 206.

* Westchester Rec. vol. ix. 213.

21.2i - --, HISTORY OF 'rllE •,

In 1743, the Rev. Thomas Standard acquaints the Society " that notwithstanding the country su-armed with vagrant preachers called Neiv lAghts he had a more numerous congregation than usual the Lord's day preceding."

Upon the earnest petition of the churchwardens and vestrymen of St. Peter's Church, Westchester, the Propagation Society appointed Mr. Basil Barlow schoolmaster of the parish. The king's commissary transmitted the following account of this individual. "That he is son to the Rev. John Bartow, late the Society's worthy missionary there. He is a person of good temper, sober, and pious, and well aifected to the present government, conformable to the doctrine and discipline of the church, and exceedingly well qualified for the instruction of the young."

Peter's Church, Westchester, the Propagation Society appointed Mr. Basil Barlow schoolmaster of the parish. The king's commissary transmitted the following account of this individual. "That he is son to the Rev. John Bartow, late the Society's worthy missionary there. He is a person of good temper, sober, and pious, and well aifected to the present government, conformable to the doctrine and discipline of the church, and exceedingly well qualified for the instruction of the young."

A. D. 1745, Mr. Standard observes, " that the churches of East ond Westchester, are in a peaceable and growing state."

In a letter dated the 1st of August, 1760, the churchwardens of Westchester inform the society, that the Rev. Thomas Standard was dead, and that for sometime before his death, he had been incapable of performing his office of the church, of which he had been incumbent for more than thirty-four years. ^^

Upon the 12th of June, 1761, the Rev. John Milner was instituted Rector of St. Peter's church, by Governor CoUen, in the following manner:

" I Cadwallader Golden, Esq., president of his majesties council and commander-in-chief of the province of New York, and the territories depending thereon in America, do, in pursuance of the power devolved in me, collate, institute and establish you, John Milner, clerk, rector of the parish church of Westchester, commonly called St. Peter's church, including the several districts of \Yestchester, Yonkers, and the manor of Pelham, in the county of Westchester, within this government, to have the care of souls of the parishioners of the said church districts aforesaid, and take your cure and mine. Given under my hand and the prerogative seal of the province of New York, at Fort George, in the city of New York, the 12th day of June, 1761. "b

" I Cadwallader Golden, Esq., president of his majesties council and commander-in-chief of the province of New York, and the territories depending thereon in America, do, in pursuance of the power devolved in me, collate, institute and establish you, John Milner, clerk, rector of the parish church of Westchester, commonly called St. Peter's church, including the several districts of \Yestchester, Yonkers, and the manor of Pelham, in the county of Westchester, within this government, to have the care of souls of the parishioners of the said church districts aforesaid, and take your cure and mine. Given under my hand and the prerogative seal of the province of New York, at Fort George, in the city of New York, the 12th day of June, 1761. "b

Cadwallader Co],den.

Report of Propagation Soc.

Surrogates office N. Y , Book of Commissions, vol.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 213

On the 3d of October, 1761, the Rev. John Mihier informs the society, " that after a long and dangerous passage, he arrived at his mission. May 13th, and had ever since preached to crowded audiences. He further states, that his parish is of large extent, and he is obliged to attend three churches. Until Mr. Houdin came to New Rochelle, he officiated there once a month.

In a letter dated June 4th, 1763, Mr. Milner acquaints the society " that he has procured a charter for St. Peter's church, and that the people have purchased a house with a glebe of thirty acres." The charter here alluded to, was granted in the following manner :

He further states, that his parish is of large extent, and he is obliged to attend three churches. Until Mr. Houdin came to New Rochelle, he officiated there once a month.

In a letter dated June 4th, 1763, Mr. Milner acquaints the society " that he has procured a charter for St. Peter's church, and that the people have purchased a house with a glebe of thirty acres." The charter here alluded to, was granted in the following manner :

CHARTER OF ST. PETER'S CHURCH, WESTCHES- TER.

George the third, by the grace of God, of Great Britain, France and Ireland, king, defender of the faith, &c., to whom these presents shall come, greeting : whereas, our loving subject the Rev. John Milner, rector of St. Peter's church, in the borough town of Westchester, and the county of Westchester, in our province of New York, and John Bartow, Isaac Willett, Lewis Morris, Jr., Peter de Lancey, Nathaniel Underbill, James Graham and James van Cortlandt, inhabitants of the said borough town of Westchester, in communion of the church of England, as by law established, in behalf of themselves and the rest of the inhabitants of the said town, in communion as aforesaid, by their humble petition, presented on the twelfth day of May last, to our trusty and well beloved Cadwallader Colden, Esq., then our lieutenant, governor and commander-in-chief of our Province of New York and the territories depending thereon, in America, in council did set forth, tiiat for many years past there had been a church in the said town of Westchester, for the regular administration of divine service according to the use of the church of England, as by law established, but that for the want of proper persons to superintend the affairs and interests of the same with legal authority, the building was considerably out of repair, and pious and well disposed persons were discouraged in the designs of contributing to and establishing proper funds for the support of the said and the minister thereof, for remedying whereof, the said petitioners did humbly pray a letter patent, constituting the said petitioners or such of them as shall be thought proper, a body politick and curporate, for the purpose of conducting and managing the affairs and interests of the said church, in such manner and forin, and with such rights, privileges and immunities as were therefore granted to the inhabitants of the town of

Peter's church, in the borough town of Westchester, and the county of Westchester, in our province of New York, and John Bartow, Isaac Willett, Lewis Morris, Jr., Peter de Lancey, Nathaniel Underbill, James Graham and James van Cortlandt, inhabitants of the said borough town of Westchester, in communion of the church of England, as by law established, in behalf of themselves and the rest of the inhabitants of the said town, in communion as aforesaid, by their humble petition, presented on the twelfth day of May last, to our trusty and well beloved Cadwallader Colden, Esq., then our lieutenant, governor and commander-in-chief of our Province of New York and the territories depending thereon, in America, in council did set forth, tiiat for many years past there had been a church in the said town of Westchester, for the regular administration of divine service according to the use of the church of England, as by law established, but that for the want of proper persons to superintend the affairs and interests of the same with legal authority, the building was considerably out of repair, and pious and well disposed persons were discouraged in the designs of contributing to and establishing proper funds for the support of the said and the minister thereof, for remedying whereof, the said petitioners did humbly pray a letter patent, constituting the said petitioners or such of them as shall be thought proper, a body politick and curporate, for the purpose of conducting and managing the affairs and interests of the said church, in such manner and forin, and with such rights, privileges and immunities as were therefore granted to the inhabitants of the town of

214 HISTORY OF THE

Flushing, in Queen's county, in comnnunion of the church of England, or with such other rights privileges and immunities a,s should be thought reasonable and proper ; now, we being willing to encourage the pious intentions of our said loving subjects, and to grant this their reasonable request, know ye, that of our especial grace, certain knowledge and mere motion, we have ordained, given, granted and declared, and by these presents for us, our heirs and successors, do ordain, give, grant and declare, that they the said petitioners, and the rest of the inhabitants of the said borough town of Westchester, in communion of the church of England, as bylaw established, and their successors, the rector and inhabitants of the said borough townof Westchester, in communion of the church of England as by law established, hereafter shall be a body corporate and politic, in deed, fact and name, by the name, stile and title of the rector and inhabitants of the borough town of Westchester, in communion of the church of England, as by law established, and them afid their successors by the same name. We do by these presents, for us, our heirs and successors, really and fully make, erect and constitute one body politic and corporate, in deed, fact and name forever, and we give grant and ordain, that they and their successors, the rector and inhabitants of the borough town of Westchester, in communion of the church of England as by law established, by the same name shall and may have perpetual successions, and shall and may be capable in law to sue and be sued, implead and be impleaded, answer and be answered unto, defend and be defended in all courts and elsewhere, in all manner of actions, writs, complaints, pleas, causes, matters and demands whatsoever, as fully and amply as any other our liege subjects of our said province of New York may or can sue or be sued, implead or be impleaded, defend or be defended, by any lawful way or means whatsoever, and that they and their successors by the same name shall be for ever hereafter capable and able in the law to purchase, take, hold, receive and enjoy any messuages, tenements, personal and real estate whatsoever in fee simple for the term of life or lives, or in any other manner howsoever for the use of the said church, and also any goods, chattels or personal estate whatsoever, provided always that the clear yearly value of the said real estate (exclusive of the said church and the ground whereon the same is built, and the cemetery belonging to the same,) doth not at any time exceed the sum of five hundred pounds current money of our said province, and that they and their successors by the same name shall have full power and authority to give, grant, sell, leave and dispose of the same real estate for life or lives, or year or for ever, under certain yearly rents, and all goods and chattels and personal estate whatsoever, at their will and pleasure, and that it shall and may be lawful for them and their successors to have and use a common seal, and our will and pleasure further is, and we do hereby for us, our heirs ind successors, ordain and appoint that there shall be for ever hereafter belonging to the said church one rector of the Church of England as by law established, duly qualified for the cure of souls, two churchwardens and eight vestrymen who shall conduct and manage the affairs and business of

We do by these presents, for us, our heirs and successors, really and fully make, erect and constitute one body politic and corporate, in deed, fact and name forever, and we give grant and ordain, that they and their successors, the rector and inhabitants of the borough town of Westchester, in communion of the church of England as by law established, by the same name shall and may have perpetual successions, and shall and may be capable in law to sue and be sued, implead and be impleaded, answer and be answered unto, defend and be defended in all courts and elsewhere, in all manner of actions, writs, complaints, pleas, causes, matters and demands whatsoever, as fully and amply as any other our liege subjects of our said province of New York may or can sue or be sued, implead or be impleaded, defend or be defended, by any lawful way or means whatsoever, and that they and their successors by the same name shall be for ever hereafter capable and able in the law to purchase, take, hold, receive and enjoy any messuages, tenements, personal and real estate whatsoever in fee simple for the term of life or lives, or in any other manner howsoever for the use of the said church, and also any goods, chattels or personal estate whatsoever, provided always that the clear yearly value of the said real estate (exclusive of the said church and the ground whereon the same is built, and the cemetery belonging to the same,) doth not at any time exceed the sum of five hundred pounds current money of our said province, and that they and their successors by the same name shall have full power and authority to give, grant, sell, leave and dispose of the same real estate for life or lives, or year or for ever, under certain yearly rents, and all goods and chattels and personal estate whatsoever, at their will and pleasure, and that it shall and may be lawful for them and their successors to have and use a common seal, and our will and pleasure further is, and we do hereby for us, our heirs ind successors, ordain and appoint that there shall be for ever hereafter belonging to the said church one rector of the Church of England as by law established, duly qualified for the cure of souls, two churchwardens and eight vestrymen who shall conduct and manage the affairs and business of

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 215

the said church and confer in manner as hereafter is established and appointed, and for the more immediate carrying into execution our royal will and pleasure herein we do hereby assign, constitute and appoint Isaac Wiilett and Nathaniel Underbill, the elder, to be the present churchwardens and Peter de Lancey, James Graham, James van Cortlandt, Lewis Morris, John Smith, Theophilus Bartow, Cornelius Wiilett and Thomas Hunt, to be the present vestrymen of the said church, who shall hold, possess and enjoy their respective offices until Tuesday in Easter week now next ensuing, and for the keeping of the succession in the said offices our royal will and pleasure is, and we do hereby establish, direct and require, that on the said Tuesday in Easter week now next ensuing, and yearly and every year thereafter for ever on Tuesday in Easter week in every year the rector and inhabitants of the borough town of Westchester in communion of the church of England as bylaw established, shall meet at the said church, and there by the majority of voices of such of them as shall so meet, elect and choose two of the members to be churchwardens, and eight others of their members to be vestrymen of the said church for the ensuing year, which said churchwardens and vestrymen so elected and chosen shall immediately enter upon their respective offices and hold, exercise and enjoy, the same respectively from the time of such elections for and during the space of one year, and until other fit persons shall be elected and chosen in their respective places, and in case the churchwardens or vestrymen, or either of them, by these presents named and appointed, or ■which shall be hereafter elected and chosen, sliall die or remove from the said borough town of Westciiester before the time of their respective appointed services shall be expired, or refuse or neglect to act in the office for which he or they is or are herein nominated and appointed, or whereunto he or they shall or may be elected and chosen, then our royal will and pleasure is, and we do hereby direct and ordain and require the rector and inhabitants of the borough town of Westchester in communion as aforesaid for the time being to meet at the said church and choose other or others of their numbers in place and stead of him or them so dying, removing or refusing to act within thirty days next after such contingency, and in this case for the more due and orderly conducting the said elections, and to prevent any undue proceedings therein, we do hereby give full power and autiiority to, and ordain and require that the rector and churchwardens of the said church for the time being, or any two of them, shall appoint the time for such election or elections, and that the rector of the said church, or in his absence one of the churchwardens for the time being, shall give public notice thereof by publishing the same at the said church immediately after divine service on the Sunday preceding the day ap-* pointed for such elections, hereby giving and granting that such person or persons as shall be so chosen from time to time by the rector and inhabitants of the said borough town of Westchester in communion as aforesaid, or the majority of such of them as shall in such case meet in manner hereby directed, shall have, hold, exercise'and enjoy such the office or offices to which he or

the said church and confer in manner as hereafter is established and appointed, and for the more immediate carrying into execution our royal will and pleasure herein we do hereby assign, constitute and appoint Isaac Wiilett and Nathaniel Underbill, the elder, to be the present churchwardens and Peter de Lancey, James Graham, James van Cortlandt, Lewis Morris, John Smith, Theophilus Bartow, Cornelius Wiilett and Thomas Hunt, to be the present vestrymen of the said church, who shall hold, possess and enjoy their respective offices until Tuesday in Easter week now next ensuing, and for the keeping of the succession in the said offices our royal will and pleasure is, and we do hereby establish, direct and require, that on the said Tuesday in Easter week now next ensuing, and yearly and every year thereafter for ever on Tuesday in Easter week in every year the rector and inhabitants of the borough town of Westchester in communion of the church of England as bylaw established, shall meet at the said church, and there by the majority of voices of such of them as shall so meet, elect and choose two of the members to be churchwardens, and eight others of their members to be vestrymen of the said church for the ensuing year, which said churchwardens and vestrymen so elected and chosen shall immediately enter upon their respective offices and hold, exercise and enjoy, the same respectively from the time of such elections for and during the space of one year, and until other fit persons shall be elected and chosen in their respective places, and in case the churchwardens or vestrymen, or either of them, by these presents named and appointed, or ■which shall be hereafter elected and chosen, sliall die or remove from the said borough town of Westciiester before the time of their respective appointed services shall be expired, or refuse or neglect to act in the office for which he or they is or are herein nominated and appointed, or whereunto he or they shall or may be elected and chosen, then our royal will and pleasure is, and we do hereby direct and ordain and require the rector and inhabitants of the borough town of Westchester in communion as aforesaid for the time being to meet at the said church and choose other or others of their numbers in place and stead of him or them so dying, removing or refusing to act within thirty days next after such contingency, and in this case for the more due and orderly conducting the said elections, and to prevent any undue proceedings therein, we do hereby give full power and autiiority to, and ordain and require that the rector and churchwardens of the said church for the time being, or any two of them, shall appoint the time for such election or elections, and that the rector of the said church, or in his absence one of the churchwardens for the time being, shall give public notice thereof by publishing the same at the said church immediately after divine service on the Sunday preceding the day ap-* pointed for such elections, hereby giving and granting that such person or persons as shall be so chosen from time to time by the rector and inhabitants of the said borough town of Westchester in communion as aforesaid, or the majority of such of them as shall in such case meet in manner hereby directed, shall have, hold, exercise'and enjoy such the office or offices to which he or

216 - HISTORY OF THE . .,-. ,

they shall be so elected and chosen from the time of such election until the Tuesday in Easter week thence next ensuing, and until other or others be legally chosen in his or tiieir place instead, as fully and amply as the person or persons in whose place he or they shall be chosen might or could have done by virtue of these presents, and wcdo hereby will and direct tliat this method shall for ever hereafter be used for the filling up all vacancies that shall happen in either the said offices between the annual elections above directed, and our royal will and pleasure further is, and we do hereby for ns, our heirs and successors, give and grant that as well the churchwardens and vestry, or those present nominated and appointed as such as shall from time to time be hereafter elected and chosen as is herein directed, shall have and they are hereby invested with full power and authority to execute their several and respective offices in as full and ample manner as any churchwardens or vestrymen in that part of our kingdom of Great Britain called England, or in this our province of New York, can or lawfully may execute thor said respective offices, and further our royal will and pleasure is, and we do by these presents for us, our heirs and successors, give, grant, ordam and appoint that the rector and churchwardens of said church for the time being, or any two of them, shall and may from time to time as occasion shall require, summon and call together at such day and place as they shall think proper the said rector, churchwardens and vestrymen for the time being to meet in vestry, giving them at the least one day's notice thereof and we hereby requfre them to meet accordingly and we do hereby give, grant and ordain that the said rector, one of the said churchwardens for the time being at least, together with the majority of the said vestrymen of the said church, for the time being, being met in vestry as above directed, shall for ever hereafter have, and they are hereby invested with full power and authority by a majority of their voices to do and execute in the name of the rector and inhabitants of the borough town of Westchester in communion of the Church of England as by law established, all and singular powers and authorities herein before given and granted to the said rector and inhabitants of the borough town of Westchester in communion of the church of Phigland as by law established, any wise touching or relating to such lands, messuages, and tenements, real and personal estate whatsoever, as they the said rector and inhabitants of the borough town of Westchester, in communion as aforesaid, shall or may acquire for the use of the said church, and also in like manner to order, direct, manage, and transact the general interest, business, and affairs of our said corporation, and also shall have full power and authority in like manner to make and ordain such rules, orders, and ordinances as they shall judge convenient for the good government and discipline of the members of the said church, provided such rules, orders and ordinances be not repugnant to the laws of that part of our kingdom of Great Britain called England, or of this our province of New York, but as near as may be agreeable thereto, and that the same be fairly entered in a book or books to be kept for that purpose, and also in like manner to appoint

they shall be so elected and chosen from the time of such election until the Tuesday in Easter week thence next ensuing, and until other or others be legally chosen in his or tiieir place instead, as fully and amply as the person or persons in whose place he or they shall be chosen might or could have done by virtue of these presents, and wcdo hereby will and direct tliat this method shall for ever hereafter be used for the filling up all vacancies that shall happen in either the said offices between the annual elections above directed, and our royal will and pleasure further is, and we do hereby for ns, our heirs and successors, give and grant that as well the churchwardens and vestry, or those present nominated and appointed as such as shall from time to time be hereafter elected and chosen as is herein directed, shall have and they are hereby invested with full power and authority to execute their several and respective offices in as full and ample manner as any churchwardens or vestrymen in that part of our kingdom of Great Britain called England, or in this our province of New York, can or lawfully may execute thor said respective offices, and further our royal will and pleasure is, and we do by these presents for us, our heirs and successors, give, grant, ordam and appoint that the rector and churchwardens of said church for the time being, or any two of them, shall and may from time to time as occasion shall require, summon and call together at such day and place as they shall think proper the said rector, churchwardens and vestrymen for the time being to meet in vestry, giving them at the least one day's notice thereof and we hereby requfre them to meet accordingly and we do hereby give, grant and ordain that the said rector, one of the said churchwardens for the time being at least, together with the majority of the said vestrymen of the said church, for the time being, being met in vestry as above directed, shall for ever hereafter have, and they are hereby invested with full power and authority by a majority of their voices to do and execute in the name of the rector and inhabitants of the borough town of Westchester in communion of the Church of England as by law established, all and singular powers and authorities herein before given and granted to the said rector and inhabitants of the borough town of Westchester in communion of the church of Phigland as by law established, any wise touching or relating to such lands, messuages, and tenements, real and personal estate whatsoever, as they the said rector and inhabitants of the borough town of Westchester, in communion as aforesaid, shall or may acquire for the use of the said church, and also in like manner to order, direct, manage, and transact the general interest, business, and affairs of our said corporation, and also shall have full power and authority in like manner to make and ordain such rules, orders, and ordinances as they shall judge convenient for the good government and discipline of the members of the said church, provided such rules, orders and ordinances be not repugnant to the laws of that part of our kingdom of Great Britain called England, or of this our province of New York, but as near as may be agreeable thereto, and that the same be fairly entered in a book or books to be kept for that purpose, and also in like manner to appoint

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 217

the form of the common seal herein before granted, and the same to alter, break, and remake at iheir discretion, and also in like manner to appoint such officer or officers as they shall stand in need of, always provided that the rector of the said church for the time being shall have the sole power of nominating and appointing the clerk to assist him in performing divine service, as also the sexton, anything herein before contained to the contrary in any wise notwithstanding, which clerk and sexton shall hold and enjoy their respective offices during the will and pleasure of the rector of the said church for the time being, and in case of any avoidance of the said church either by the death of the rector thereof or otherwise, then our royal will and pleasure is that the powers and authority hereby vested in the rector, churchwardens, and vestrymen, in vestry met as above mentioned, shall, until the said church be legally supplied with another incumbent, vest in and be executed by the churchwardens of the said church for the time being, provided always they have the concurrence and consent of the major number of the whole vestrymen of the said church for the time being, in any thing they shall in such case do by virtue hereof, and further we do by these presents, for us, our heirs, and successors, give and grant unto the rector and inhabitants of the borough town of Westchester in communion of the church of England as by law established, and their successors forever, that this our present grant shall be deemed, adjudged and construed in all cases most favorably and for the best benefit and advantage of the rector and inhabitants of the borough town of Westchester in communion of the church of England as by law established, and that this our present grant being entered on record as is hereinafter particularly expressed, shall be good and effectual in the law to all intents, constructions and purposes whatsoever, against us, our heirs, and successors, according to our true interests and meaning herein before declared notwithstanding the not reciting or mis-reciting, not naming or mis-naming of any of the aforesaid franchises, privileges, immunities, officers, in either the premises or any of them, and although no writ of ad quod damnum or other writs, inquisitions in precept hath or have been up this account, had, made, or proscuted or issued, to have and to hold all and singular the privileges, liberties, advantages, and immunities hereby granted or meant, mentioned, or intended so to be, unto the said rector and inhabitants of the borough town of Westchester in communion of the church of England as by law established, and to their successors forever, in testimony whereof we have caused these our letters to be made patent, and the great seal of our said province to be hereunto affixed, and the same to be entered on record in our secretary's office, in our city of New York, in one of the books of patents there remaining.

the form of the common seal herein before granted, and the same to alter, break, and remake at iheir discretion, and also in like manner to appoint such officer or officers as they shall stand in need of, always provided that the rector of the said church for the time being shall have the sole power of nominating and appointing the clerk to assist him in performing divine service, as also the sexton, anything herein before contained to the contrary in any wise notwithstanding, which clerk and sexton shall hold and enjoy their respective offices during the will and pleasure of the rector of the said church for the time being, and in case of any avoidance of the said church either by the death of the rector thereof or otherwise, then our royal will and pleasure is that the powers and authority hereby vested in the rector, churchwardens, and vestrymen, in vestry met as above mentioned, shall, until the said church be legally supplied with another incumbent, vest in and be executed by the churchwardens of the said church for the time being, provided always they have the concurrence and consent of the major number of the whole vestrymen of the said church for the time being, in any thing they shall in such case do by virtue hereof, and further we do by these presents, for us, our heirs, and successors, give and grant unto the rector and inhabitants of the borough town of Westchester in communion of the church of England as by law established, and their successors forever, that this our present grant shall be deemed, adjudged and construed in all cases most favorably and for the best benefit and advantage of the rector and inhabitants of the borough town of Westchester in communion of the church of England as by law established, and that this our present grant being entered on record as is hereinafter particularly expressed, shall be good and effectual in the law to all intents, constructions and purposes whatsoever, against us, our heirs, and successors, according to our true interests and meaning herein before declared notwithstanding the not reciting or mis-reciting, not naming or mis-naming of any of the aforesaid franchises, privileges, immunities, officers, in either the premises or any of them, and although no writ of ad quod damnum or other writs, inquisitions in precept hath or have been up this account, had, made, or proscuted or issued, to have and to hold all and singular the privileges, liberties, advantages, and immunities hereby granted or meant, mentioned, or intended so to be, unto the said rector and inhabitants of the borough town of Westchester in communion of the church of England as by law established, and to their successors forever, in testimony whereof we have caused these our letters to be made patent, and the great seal of our said province to be hereunto affixed, and the same to be entered on record in our secretary's office, in our city of New York, in one of the books of patents there remaining.

Witness our trusty and well beloved Robt. Monckton, our captain general and governor-in-chief of our province of New York and the territories depending thereon in America, vice admiral of the same and major-general of our forces at our fort in our city of New York, by and with the advice and consent of \^0L. II. 28

■218 HISTORY OF THE

our governor for our said province. Second day of December, in the year A. D. 1762, and of our reign the third."

Signed Clarke.

[L. s.] - -■ ; '

Upon the 7th of July, 1764, the church wardens of the parish, stated to the Propagation Society, " that they have purchased a glebe of near thirty acres with a house, which will cost them in the whole, near £700, and that whole families of Quakers have conformed to the church." On the 8th of July, Mr. Milner informed the same body, that he had at his own expense, laid out £200 on the parsonage, built a new barn and out houses, &c., (fcc, and further added, that he had appointed Mr. Nathaniel Seabury, a son of the late worthy missionary, at Hempstead, schoolmaster.

" In 1766, (says Mr. Hawkins) Mr. Seabury intimated to the society, his wish to accept the offer of the mission of Westchester, which was made to him by the churchwardens and vestry, and the society consenting to this proposal, he removed thither at the end of the year 17136.1^

His average congregation at this place, was about 200 ; and he states, that one of the means which he adopted of communicating religious instruction to the people, was preaching at funerals in the more remote districts, whereby he had the opportunity of addiessing those who could not be brought together at any other time. In 1776 he was seized by a party of the disaffected in arms, and carried off to New Haven, all his papers being examined for proof against him.

His average congregation at this place, was about 200 ; and he states, that one of the means which he adopted of communicating religious instruction to the people, was preaching at funerals in the more remote districts, whereby he had the opportunity of addiessing those who could not be brought together at any other time. In 1776 he was seized by a party of the disaffected in arms, and carried off to New Haven, all his papers being examined for proof against him. After describing this outrage, he says, " God's providence will, I hope, protect His church and clergy in this county, the disorder and confusion of which are beyond description." He says, in a letter dated New York, December 29th, 1776, " since my last letter, I have undergone more uneasiness than I can describe : more, I believe, than I

« Alb. Eec. Book of Patents, No. xiii. 490.

b Ttie Rev. Samuel Seabury was instituted rector of St. Peter's church, Westchester, by Sir Henry Moore, Baronet, on the 3d of Dec. 17G6.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 219

could well support again." He goes on to say, " I continued tolerably quiet at home for a few weeks, till after the king's troops evacuated Boston, when the rebel army passing from thence to New York, bodies of them, consisting of twenty or thirty men, would every day or two, sometimes two or three times a day, come through Westchester, though five miles out of their way, and never failed to stop at my house."

could well support again." He goes on to say, " I continued tolerably quiet at home for a few weeks, till after the king's troops evacuated Boston, when the rebel army passing from thence to New York, bodies of them, consisting of twenty or thirty men, would every day or two, sometimes two or three times a day, come through Westchester, though five miles out of their way, and never failed to stop at my house."

"Soon after this, the British fleet and army arrived at Staten Island. The rebels then became very alert in apprehending the friends of government. Many had retired to Westchester from New York. These were first sought after : some escaped, many were seized. My situation became daily more critical, as they began to take up the inhabitants of the county. At length two ships of war came into the Sound and took their station in sight of my house.

Immediately the whole coast was guarded, that no one might go to them. Within a few days, the troops landed on Long Island, and the rebels we:e defeated ; a body of them then took post at the heights near King's bridge, in my parish, and began to throw up works. Another body fixed themselves within two miles of my house. For some time before, I had kept a good deal out of sight, lodging abroad, and never being at home for more than an hour or two at a time, and having a number of people whom I could depend upon, engaged, who punctually informed me of every circumstance that was necessary for me to know." With some difficulty he effected his escape to Long Island. The troops then, having burned the pews, converted his church into a hospital. They also quartered cavalry in his house, and consumed all the produce of his farm.

For some time before, I had kept a good deal out of sight, lodging abroad, and never being at home for more than an hour or two at a time, and having a number of people whom I could depend upon, engaged, who punctually informed me of every circumstance that was necessary for me to know." With some difficulty he effected his escape to Long Island. The troops then, having burned the pews, converted his church into a hospital. They also quartered cavalry in his house, and consumed all the produce of his farm. A school which he had opened at Westchester, was necessarily broken up, and thus he was deprived of every means of support.''^-

The following notice of this individual occurs in Sabine's biographical sketches of American Loyalists. "Samuel Seabury,

Hawkins Hist. Not. of Col. Cimrch, Original letters Lambeth collection vol , 189.

220 HISTORY OF THE

D. D., the fiigt bishop of the Episcopal church in the United States. He was the son of the Rev. Samuel Seabury, who was a Congregational minister at Groton, and subsequently the first Episcopal minister of New London. He was born at New London in 1728, and graduated at Yale College in 17oL Soon after completing his collegiate education, he went to Scotland for the purpose of studying medicine, but changed his purpose and devoted his attention to theology. In 1753 he took orders in London, and returning to his native country, was settled at New Brunswick, New Jersey. After the death of Mr. Colgan, Sir Charles Hardy, governor of New York, introduced him as clergyman of the Episcopal church at Jamaica, Long Island, where he remained from 175(3 to 17G6. Near the close of the latter year he removed to Westchester, and continued there until the commencement of hostilities. In April, 1775, a large number of loyalists assembled at White Plains, and adopted the following protest.

In 1753 he took orders in London, and returning to his native country, was settled at New Brunswick, New Jersey. After the death of Mr. Colgan, Sir Charles Hardy, governor of New York, introduced him as clergyman of the Episcopal church at Jamaica, Long Island, where he remained from 175(3 to 17G6. Near the close of the latter year he removed to Westchester, and continued there until the commencement of hostilities. In April, 1775, a large number of loyalists assembled at White Plains, and adopted the following protest. Mr. Seabury's name is the third affixed to it; that of the llev. Luke Babcock, another Episcopalian minister, is the fourtli. " VV^e, the subscribers, freeholders and inhabitants of the county of Westchester, having assembled at the White Plains in consequence of certain advertisements, do now declare, that we meet here to declare our honest abhorrence of all unlawful congresses and committees, and that we are determined, at the liazard of our lives and properties, to support the king and constitution ; and that we acknowledge no representatives but the general assembly, to whose wisdom and integrity we submit the guardianslnp of our rights, liberties, and privileges." Mr. Seabury went into New York after the Revolution opened, and at one lime w;,s chaplain of the king's American regiment, commanded by Colonel Fanning. At the peace he settled at New London. In 1784 he went to England to obtain consecration as a bishop, but objections arising there, he was consecrated in Scotland on the 14th of November of that year by three non-juring bishop?. For the remainder of his life he presided over the diocese of Connecticut and Rhode Island. His duties were discliarged in an exemplary manner. He died February 25ih, 1790, aged sixty-eight years. Two volumes of his sermons were published before his decease, and one volume in 1798.

In 1784 he went to England to obtain consecration as a bishop, but objections arising there, he was consecrated in Scotland on the 14th of November of that year by three non-juring bishop?. For the remainder of his life he presided over the diocese of Connecticut and Rhode Island. His duties were discliarged in an exemplary manner. He died February 25ih, 1790, aged sixty-eight years. Two volumes of his sermons were published before his decease, and one volume in 1798. A

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 221

sermon founded on St Peter's exhortation to fear God and honor the king-, delivered before the provincial or loyalist troops, was printed during the war by direction of Governor Tryon."^ The following is inscribed on his tombstone at New London.

Here lies the body of Samuel Seaburv, D. D. Bishop of Connecticut and Rhode Island, who departed this transitory scene, February 25th, 1796, iu the sixty-eighth year of his age, and the eleventh of his Episcopal Consecration. Ingenious without pride, Learned without pedantry, Good without severity. He was duly qualified to discharge The duties of the Christian and the Bishop ; In the pulpit he enforced religion ; In his conduct he exemplified it. The poor he assisted with his charity ; The ignorant he blessed with his instruction. The friend of men, he ever designed their good ; The enemy of vice, he ever opposed it. Christian ! dost thou aspire to happiness T Seabury has shown the way that leads to it.

"Charles Seabury, the youngest son of the bishop, was born in Westchester, in May, 1770, and succeeded his father in the church at New London. In 1795, he preaciied a while at Jamaica. His first wife was Anne, the daughter of Rosvvell Saltonstall of New London, by whom he had issue.

The friend of men, he ever designed their good ; The enemy of vice, he ever opposed it. Christian ! dost thou aspire to happiness T Seabury has shown the way that leads to it.

"Charles Seabury, the youngest son of the bishop, was born in Westchester, in May, 1770, and succeeded his father in the church at New London. In 1795, he preaciied a while at Jamaica. His first wife was Anne, the daughter of Rosvvell Saltonstall of New London, by whom he had issue. His son, Samuel Seabury, D. D., is the present rector of the church of the Annunciation, in the city of New York, and editor of the Churchman, a religious newspaper."'*

During the American Revolution religious services appear to have been suspended in this church.

On the 6th day of April, A. D. 17S4, the legislature of the state of New York, passed a law entitled " An act to enable all religious denominations in this state to appoint trustees, who

» Sabine's Hist of American Loyalists.

«> History of the Narragansett Church, by Wilkins Updike, page 144.

should be a body corporate, for the purpose of taking care of the temporalities of their respective congregations, and for other purposes therein mentioned." Under the provisions of this act St. Peter's Church was incorporated on the 19th of April, 1788, Lewis Graham, Josiah Browne, Thomas Hunt, Israel Underbill, John Bartow, Philip I. Livingston and Samuel Bayard, trustees. a- Upon the reorganization of the church, the Rev. Theodosius Bartow was called to the rectorship. For the successors of Mr. Bartow, see list of rectors. The present edifice was erected in 1794, on the site of the old church, and consecrated upon the 9th of December, 1795, by the Right Rev. Samuel Provoost, bishop of the diocese. It is a neat wooden structure surmounted by a cupola.

Peter's Church was incorporated on the 19th of April, 1788, Lewis Graham, Josiah Browne, Thomas Hunt, Israel Underbill, John Bartow, Philip I. Livingston and Samuel Bayard, trustees. a- Upon the reorganization of the church, the Rev. Theodosius Bartow was called to the rectorship. For the successors of Mr. Bartow, see list of rectors. The present edifice was erected in 1794, on the site of the old church, and consecrated upon the 9th of December, 1795, by the Right Rev. Samuel Provoost, bishop of the diocese. It is a neat wooden structure surmounted by a cupola. The latter contains the original bell presented to the church by the Morris family, inscribed

"LEWIS MORRIS, 1677."

The communion plate consists of gift of Queene Anne, A. D. 1706.

chalice and paten, the

a Co. Rec. Religious Soc. lib. A. 19. A second incorporation occurs on the 2d of August, 1795 ; Israel Underbill, Philip I. Livingston, churchwardens ; John Bartow, jun., Thomas Bartow, Oliver de Lancey, Warren de Lancey, Josiah Brown, Jonathan Fowler, Robert Heaton, and Nicholas Bayard, vestrymen. Lib. A. 58.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 223

The queen also presented a church bible, book of homilies, cloth for the pulpit, and communion table.

On the south side of the chancel is a plain stone tablet, bearing the following epitaph :

Sacred

to the memory of

The Reverend Isaac Wilkins, D. D.,

who, for thirty-one years, was the

diligent and faithful minister of

this parish,

placed here, as he believed, by his Redeemer.

He remained satisfied with the

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 223

The queen also presented a church bible, book of homilies, cloth for the pulpit, and communion table.

On the south side of the chancel is a plain stone tablet, bearing the following epitaph :

Sacred

to the memory of

The Reverend Isaac Wilkins, D. D.,

who, for thirty-one years, was the

diligent and faithful minister of

this parish,

placed here, as he believed, by his Redeemer.

He remained satisfied with the

pittance allowed him, rejoicing that even in that

he was no burden to his

parishioners ;

nor ever wished, nor ever went forth

to seek a better living. 'I

Died 5th February, 1830, aged 89 years.

A monument on the north side, records the death of Mrs. Wilkins ;

Sacred

to the memory

of

Mrs. Isabella Wilkins,

the humble hanmaid and faithful worshipper

of

God, her Saviour,

She died the 31st October, A. D. 1810,

in the 64lh year of her age,

and lies buried here.

This monument in conjugal love, is raised

224 HISTORY OF THE

and

inscribed, by her grateful, faitliful and affectionate husband.

And now Lord ! what is our hops'? Truly our hope is ever in thee.

In the vestry room are memorials of tlie Hoffman, Wilkins and Turnbiilj families, &;c.

To St. Peter's church is attached a small glebe and parsonage.

The following- liberal grants have been made by Trinity parish, New York, to this church, viz. : in 1795, the sum of $750, in 1796, $500, and in 1809, five lots of ground m Rende, Chamber and Warren streets, New York, the present value of which is $22,500. a The first delegates from this parish to the diocecesan convention, in 1785, were John Jay and Richard Morris, Esqrs.

Peter's church is attached a small glebe and parsonage.

The following- liberal grants have been made by Trinity parish, New York, to this church, viz. : in 1795, the sum of $750, in 1796, $500, and in 1809, five lots of ground m Rende, Chamber and Warren streets, New York, the present value of which is $22,500. a The first delegates from this parish to the diocecesan convention, in 1785, were John Jay and Richard Morris, Esqrs.

RECTORS OF ST. PETER'S CHURCH, WESTCHES- TER.

Inst, or

call.

Rectors.

Vacated by

A. D.

1702,

Rev. John Bartow, Clericus,

Death.

A. D

. 1723,

Rev. Thomas Standard, Clericus,

the same.

12 Nov.

1761,

Rev. Jofm Milner, Clericus,

the same.

3 Dec.

1766,

Rev. Samuel Seabury, Clericus,

resignation.

5 July,

1790,

Rev. Theodosius Barlow, Presb.

the sanje.

August,

1794,

Rev. John Ireland, Presb.

the same.

9 March

, 1799,

Rev. Isaac Wilkins, D. D., Presb.,

Death.

27 April

, 1830,

Rev. William Powell, Presb. pres't Notitia Parochialis.

, incumbent.

A.

D. 1718,

Communicants, -- Baptisms, 32.

1761,

ditto 30, ditto

114.

1764,

ditto 50, ditto

91.

Hist, of Trinity Church, N. Y., by William Berrian, D. D.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

1774, 1844.

ditto ditto

40,

ditto ditto

18. 13.

Seal of St. Peter's Cliurcli, Westchester,

The baptismal register of this parish, contains the following memoranda :

"March 4th, 1702, then baptized by Mr. John Bartow, Rector of Westchester, John Haden, aged 41 years; John Haden, son of said John Haden, aged 17 years; Abagail Haden, aged 16 years ; Samuel Haden, aged 13 years ; Thomas Haden, aged 8 years; Elizabeth Haden, aged 11 years; Joseph Haden. aged 1 year and 7 months, tfec^-

Seal of St. Peter's Cliurcli, Westchester,

The baptismal register of this parish, contains the following memoranda :

"March 4th, 1702, then baptized by Mr. John Bartow, Rector of Westchester, John Haden, aged 41 years; John Haden, son of said John Haden, aged 17 years; Abagail Haden, aged 16 years ; Samuel Haden, aged 13 years ; Thomas Haden, aged 8 years; Elizabeth Haden, aged 11 years; Joseph Haden. aged 1 year and 7 months, tfec^-

The church yard, which is probably coeval with the settle-

" Where heaves the turf in many a mouldering heap,"

Each in his narrow cell forever laid,

The rude forefathers of the hamlet sleep. -- Gray^s Elegy.

The following inscriptions are copied from the monuments

Here lyeth the body of William , Esq., aged 50 years,

deceased March 27th, 1702. H. 1718. P. B.o 1727. In mem-

VOL. 11.

Westchester. Rec.

226 HISTORY OF THE

ory of Philip Honeywell, Esq., he died of a lingering illness, at Greeuburgh, on the Sth day of Sept. 1813, in the 53d year of his age. ,•

He was an active character

during the Revolutionary war,

he lived respected and died regretted.

Ann Eustace, his wife,

died May 11, 1811, aetat 50.

Look on this stone and you will find,

My journey's o'er, and yours behind,

Think then, before you turn away, . .

That yours may end before this day.

In memory of Oliver de Lancey, senr., who deparled tjjis life April 4th, 1840, aged 70 years. Sacred to the memory of Captain Stephen Bayard, who was born Oct. 26ih, 1785, and died July 11, 1814: "my Blessed Saviour receive my spirit, were his last words," and whosoever believeth in him, tho' he die, yet shall he live again. Ever will the sweet remembrance, of your useful, generons, forgiving and affectionate virtues, best of husbands and fathers, be cherished in the hearts of your wife and family.

In memory of Oliver de Lancey, senr., who deparled tjjis life April 4th, 1840, aged 70 years. Sacred to the memory of Captain Stephen Bayard, who was born Oct. 26ih, 1785, and died July 11, 1814: "my Blessed Saviour receive my spirit, were his last words," and whosoever believeth in him, tho' he die, yet shall he live again. Ever will the sweet remembrance, of your useful, generons, forgiving and affectionate virtues, best of husbands and fathers, be cherished in the hearts of your wife and family. Sacra raemoria of Philip Livingston, whose family were suddenly bereaved of a valued parent, on the 27th Nov. 1808, Liged 74 years. His afflictions were numerous and deep felt, yet was he comforted.

His heart, its confidence

Reposed in God, its strength and shield,

The paths of death in glory shine,

When saints the call obey,

A light from Heaven, an arm divine,

Are with them on the way.

Here lies ', _

the mortal remains of

Wright Post,

during many years eminent as a.

physician and surgeon

in the city of New York, '

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 227

he was distinguished for sound judgment, practical skill and unwearied diligence in ,. nis profession, and for modest, dignified and

^ mild deportment in all the walks of life,

an enlightened and attached member of the Protestant Episcopal church, he was for many years a vestryman of Grace church in the city of New York, and for several years its senior warden, overplied by professional labours, his feeble frame gradually gave way to the attacks of pulmonary consumption. . ,

he was distinguished for sound judgment, practical skill and unwearied diligence in ,. nis profession, and for modest, dignified and

^ mild deportment in all the walks of life,

an enlightened and attached member of the Protestant Episcopal church, he was for many years a vestryman of Grace church in the city of New York, and for several years its senior warden, overplied by professional labours, his feeble frame gradually gave way to the attacks of pulmonary consumption. . ,

He retired from the city to his country seat in this neigeborhood, and after a residence " ~

of a few weeks, he departed this life in full possession of his mental faculties, -

at peace with the world, and a devout hope of acceptance with God, through faith in the merits of Jesus Christ. He died June 14, 1828, aged 6'2 years, 3 months and 26 days.

There are also me.norials in the yard, to members of the Hunt, Doty, Baxter, IJiirtow, Lewis, Arden, Findlay, Tucker, Read, Burnett, Hols. nan and Wright fimilies, &c., beside vaults belonging to the families of Timpson, Adee and Ludlow, (fcc. Near the Episcopal grave yard, is situated the Ferris burying ground, 3- which contains the family vaults of Benjamin Ferris and numerous head stones to the Pell family.

The Friends' meeting house which stands south of the church, was erected cir. 1747. The first meeting of this numerous and

a John Ferris of the boroug thown of Westchester, in 1715, by his last will, " reserves the burying ground for the people to bury their dead, in the place where they formerly buried without any let or hindrance. Since known as the pasture hill burying ground."

Near the Episcopal grave yard, is situated the Ferris burying ground, 3- which contains the family vaults of Benjamin Ferris and numerous head stones to the Pell family.

The Friends' meeting house which stands south of the church, was erected cir. 1747. The first meeting of this numerous and

a John Ferris of the boroug thown of Westchester, in 1715, by his last will, " reserves the burying ground for the people to bury their dead, in the place where they formerly buried without any let or hindrance. Since known as the pasture hill burying ground."

228 HISTORY OF THE

respectable society in America, is said to have been held at WestchetJter. There is also a tradition, that George Fox " the dauntless founder of their sect," preached here in 1672.

The Methodist Episcopal society of Westchester, was first organized in 1808, and incorporated 8th March, 1809; William Johnston, Gilbert Lewis, Abraham Seacord, Benjamin Morgan, Moses Hunt and Gilbert Hunt, trustees.* The present church edifice was erected about 1818,

The Roman Catholic church dedicated to St. Raymond, is pleasantly situated on the road leading from Westchester to West Farms. Tlie Rev. A. Higgins is the present incumbent.'

A niunberof handsome residences adorn the village. Among them may be noticed, the mansions of Captain E. Hawkins, Mr. George Adee, Mr. Paul Lalavette, Mr. Stephen Scribner and Captain Cornell Ferris, etc.

About two miles northwest of the village, is the residence and estate of William A. Spencer, Es], Within a few years, great additions and improvements have been made to this beautiful spot by the present occupant, who has enlarged the mansion and completely reformed the gardens and grounds. This property originally belonged to the Underbill family, having been purchased by Nathaniel Underbill, of John Turner, in 1685. Nathaniel Underbill was the youngest son of the celebrated Captain John Underbill, commonly called Lord Underbill, descended of an ancient and honorable family, in Warwickshire, England.

Spencer, Es], Within a few years, great additions and improvements have been made to this beautiful spot by the present occupant, who has enlarged the mansion and completely reformed the gardens and grounds. This property originally belonged to the Underbill family, having been purchased by Nathaniel Underbill, of John Turner, in 1685. Nathaniel Underbill was the youngest son of the celebrated Captain John Underbill, commonly called Lord Underbill, descended of an ancient and honorable family, in Warwickshire, England.

As early as 1416, we find John Underbill and Agnes his wife, seated at Uningham in Warwickshire, and in 1587, occurs the name of Sir Hercules Underbill, Knight, High Sheriff of that county.!^

The following account of Captain John Underbill, "of whom so frequent mention is made in the early histories of New England and New York," is taken from a small printed volume, called the " Algerine Captive," by John Underbill. He had

» Co. Rec. Religious Soc. Lib. B. 30.

b The celebrated Mr. Edward Underbill, one of Queen Mary's band of gentlemen pensioners, in 155i^, was a member of this family.

To face page

Holland, lids Field.

fi'tcr--Mfipy David

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='i hos. Alsiiji

festire, 4'r&.f„Si''«-,"s.^ 4r

1:75.

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mpinber of the Reli gious Society of Frifnds, and most of 1 his dcscendanls to | this day h.nvp been I born members of ( that society, ob. ;rt I 30.

neborali=:Henry Townsend

Bartow Mary

228 HISTORY OF THE

Edward Underbill, one of Queen Mary's band of gentlemen pensioners, in 155i^, was a member of this family.

To face page

Holland, lids Field.

fi'tcr--Mfipy David

liv- 1 Kf.iis

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mpinber of the Reli gious Society of Frifnds, and most of 1 his dcscendanls to | this day h.nvp been I born members of ( that society, ob. ;rt I 30.

neborali=:Henry Townsend

Bartow Mary

228 HISTORY OF THE

respectable society in America, is said to have been held at Westchester. There is also a tradition, that George Fox " the dauntless founder of their sect," preached here in 1672.

The Methodist Episcopal society of Westchester, was first organized in 1808, and incorporated Sth March, 1809; William Johnston, Gilbert Lewis, Abraham Seacord, Benjamin Morgan, Moses Hunt and Gilbert Hunt, trustees.* The present church edifice was erected about 1818.

The Roman Catholic church dedicated to St. Raymond, is pleasantly situated on the road leading from VVestcliester to West Farms. The Rev. A. Higgins is the present incumbent.'

A nmnberof handsome residences adorn the village. Among them may be noticed, the mansions of Captain E. Hawkins, Mr. George Adee, Mr. Paul Lalavette, Mr. Stephen Scribner and Captain Cornell Ferris, tfcc.

About two miles northwest of the village, is the residence and estate of William A. Spencer, Es], Within a few years, great additions and improvements have been made to this beautiful spot by the present occupant, who has enlarged the mansion and completely reformed the gardens and grounds. This property originally belonged to the Underbill family, having been purchased by INathaniel Underbill, of John Turner, in 1685. Nathaniel Underbill was the youngest son of the celebrated Captain John Underbill, commonly called Lord Underbill, descended of an ancient and honorable family, in Warwickshire, England.

Spencer, Es], Within a few years, great additions and improvements have been made to this beautiful spot by the present occupant, who has enlarged the mansion and completely reformed the gardens and grounds. This property originally belonged to the Underbill family, having been purchased by INathaniel Underbill, of John Turner, in 1685. Nathaniel Underbill was the youngest son of the celebrated Captain John Underbill, commonly called Lord Underbill, descended of an ancient and honorable family, in Warwickshire, England.

As early as 1416, we find John Underbill and Agnes his wife, seated at Uningham in Warwickshire, and in 1587, occurs the name of Sir Hercules Underbill, Knight, High Sheriff of that county.!^

The following account of Captain John Underbill, "of whom so frequent mention is made in the early histories of Nevir England and New York," is taken from a small printed volume, called the " Algerine Captive," by John Underbill. He had

» Co. Rec. Religious Soc. Lib. B. 30.

b The celebrated Mr. Edward Uiiderhill, one of Queen Mary's band of gentlemen pensionersj in 155>^, was a member of tliis family.

PEDIGREE OF UNDERBILL OF WESTCHESTER. i

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PEDIGREE OF UNDERBILL OF WESTCHESTER. i

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COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 229

early imbibed an ardent love of liberty, civil and religious, by his service as a soldier among the Dntch, in their glorious and successful struggle for freedom, with Philip the second of Spain ; when, though quite a youth, he held a commission in the Earl of Leicester's own troop of guards, who was then sent to the assistance of that brave people, by the retiowned Queen Elizabeth of England. The extravagant passion, which that princess was supposed to entertain for various male favorites, which occasioned the disgrace of one, and the premature death of another, while it has furnished a darling theme to the novelist, and has been wept over in the tragic scene, has never yet received the sober sanction of the historian. A traditional family anecdote, while it places the affection of the queen for Leicester beyond doubt, may not be unpleasing to the learned reader, and may benefit the English historiographer.

The extravagant passion, which that princess was supposed to entertain for various male favorites, which occasioned the disgrace of one, and the premature death of another, while it has furnished a darling theme to the novelist, and has been wept over in the tragic scene, has never yet received the sober sanction of the historian. A traditional family anecdote, while it places the affection of the queen for Leicester beyond doubt, may not be unpleasing to the learned reader, and may benefit the English historiographer.

It is well known that this crafiy queen, though repeatedly solicited, never efficaciously assisted the Netherlanders, until their affairs were apparently at their lowest ebb, and they in such desperate circumstances, as to offer the sovereignly of their country to her general, the Earl of Leicester. Captain Underbill carried the dispatches to England, and delivered them at the office of Lord Burleigh. The same evening, the queen sent for the captain, and, with apparent perturbation, inquired of him, if he was the messenger from Leicester, and whether he had any private dispatches for her. He replied, that he had delivered all his letters to the secretary of state. She appeared much disappointed, and, after musing for some time, said, "so Leicester wants to be a king." Underbill, who was in the general's confidence, replied that the Dutch had indeed made the offer of the sovereignty of their country to her general, esteeming it a great honor, as they said, to h;'.ve a subject of her grace for their sovereign. No, replied the queen, it i,-; not tfie Dutch ; they hate kings and their divine rights; it is the proud Leicester, who yearns to be independent of his own sovereign, who moves this insolent proposal. Tell him from me, that he must learn to obey, before he is fit to govern.

She appeared much disappointed, and, after musing for some time, said, "so Leicester wants to be a king." Underbill, who was in the general's confidence, replied that the Dutch had indeed made the offer of the sovereignty of their country to her general, esteeming it a great honor, as they said, to h;'.ve a subject of her grace for their sovereign. No, replied the queen, it i,-; not tfie Dutch ; they hate kings and their divine rights; it is the proud Leicester, who yearns to be independent of his own sovereign, who moves this insolent proposal. Tell him from me, that he must learn to obey, before he is fit to govern. Tell him, added the queen, softening ^ her voice, that obedience may make him a king indeed. Imme- . diately after Captain Underbill had taken his public dispatches.

230 HISTORY OF THE

the queen sent for him to her priv^y closet, recalled her verbal message, delivered him a letter for Leicester, directed with her own hand, and a purse of one hundred crowns for himself; charging him to enclose the letter in lead, sink it in case of danger in his passage by sea, and to deliver it privately. On the receipt of this letter, Leicester was violently agitated, walked his chamber the whole of the ensuing night. Soon after, he resigned his command, and returned to England, animated by the brightest hopes of realizing the lofty suggestions of his ambition. With him Captain Underbill returned, and upon the decease of the Earl of Leicester, attached himself to the fortunes of the Earl of Essex, the unfortunate successor to Leicester in the queen's favor. He accompanied that gallant nobleman in his successful attack upon Cadiz, and shared his ill fortune in his fruitless expedition against Tyronne, the rebel chief of the revolted clans of Ireland ; and, returning with the earl into England, by his attachment to that imprudent nobleman, sallying into the streets of London in the petty insurrection, which cost Essex his head, he was obliged to seek safety in Holland, until the accession of King James, in one thousand six hundred and three, when he applied for pardon and leave to return to his native country.

He accompanied that gallant nobleman in his successful attack upon Cadiz, and shared his ill fortune in his fruitless expedition against Tyronne, the rebel chief of the revolted clans of Ireland ; and, returning with the earl into England, by his attachment to that imprudent nobleman, sallying into the streets of London in the petty insurrection, which cost Essex his head, he was obliged to seek safety in Holland, until the accession of King James, in one thousand six hundred and three, when he applied for pardon and leave to return to his native country. But that monarch entertained such an exalted idea of the dignity of kings, and fro a policy, affected so great veneration for the memory of his predecessor, that no interest of his friends could procure his pardon for an offence, which, in this day and country, would be considered a simple rout or riot, and punished with a small fine, in that age of kingly glory was supposed to combine treason and blasphemy: treason against the queen in her political capacity, and blasphemy against her, as God's representative and vicegerent on earth.

The Rev. Mr. Robinson, with a number of other pious puritans, having fled from the persecuting fury of the English prelates, to Holland, in one thousand six hundred and three, he dwelt and communed with them a number of years. He was strongly solicited to go with Governor Carver, Elder Brewster and the other worthies, part of Mr. Robinson's church, to the settlement of Plymouth, and had partly engaged with them, as

But that monarch entertained such an exalted idea of the dignity of kings, and fro a policy, affected so great veneration for the memory of his predecessor, that no interest of his friends could procure his pardon for an offence, which, in this day and country, would be considered a simple rout or riot, and punished with a small fine, in that age of kingly glory was supposed to combine treason and blasphemy: treason against the queen in her political capacity, and blasphemy against her, as God's representative and vicegerent on earth.

The Rev. Mr. Robinson, with a number of other pious puritans, having fled from the persecuting fury of the English prelates, to Holland, in one thousand six hundred and three, he dwelt and communed with them a number of years. He was strongly solicited to go with Governor Carver, Elder Brewster and the other worthies, part of Mr. Robinson's church, to the settlement of Plymouth, and had partly engaged with them, as

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 231

their chief military officer; but, Captain Miles Standish, his brave feilovv soldier in the Low Countries, undertaking ihe business, he declined. How he joined Governor Winlhrop, does not appear, but he came over to New England with him, atid soon after we find him disciplining the Boston militia, where he was lield in such high estimation that he' was chosen to represent that town in the general court; but, his ideas of religious toleration being more liberal than those aroimd him, he lost his popularity, and was, on the twentieth of November, one thousand six hundred and thirty-seven, disfranchised and eventually banished the jurisdiction of Massachusetts.

How he joined Governor Winlhrop, does not appear, but he came over to New England with him, atid soon after we find him disciplining the Boston militia, where he was lield in such high estimation that he' was chosen to represent that town in the general court; but, his ideas of religious toleration being more liberal than those aroimd him, he lost his popularity, and was, on the twentieth of November, one thousand six hundred and thirty-seven, disfranchised and eventually banished the jurisdiction of Massachusetts.

The writers of those times differ, as to the particular offence for which he was punished. Some say that it was for holding the Antinomian tenets of the celebrated Anne Hutchinson, others that the charge against him was for saying, that the government at Boston were as zealous as the Scribes and Pharisees, and as Paul before his conversion. The best account, I have been able to collect, is, that at the time when the zeal of our worthy forefathers burned the hottest against heretics and sectaries, when good Roger Williams, who settled Providence, the pious Wheelright, and others, were banished, he, with about sixty other imprudent persons, who did not believe in the then popular arguments of fines, imprisonment, disfranchisement, confiscation, banishments, and halters for the conversion of infidels, supposed that the Christian faith, which had spread so wonderfully in its infancy, when the sword of civil power was drawn against it, in that age, surrounded by numerous proselytes, needed not the same sword unsheathed in its favor. These mistaken people signed a remonstrance against the violent proceedings, which were the order of that day. William Aspinwall and John Goggeshell, two of the Boston representatives, vrho signed the remonstrance, were sent home, and the town ordered to choose others in their room. Some of the remonstrants recanted, some were fined, some were disfranchised, and others, amonowhom was Captain Underbill, were banished." " When the sentence of banishment passed on Captain Underbill, he returned to Dover in New Hampshire, and was elected governor of the European settlers there; but, notwithstanding his great service

William Aspinwall and John Goggeshell, two of the Boston representatives, vrho signed the remonstrance, were sent home, and the town ordered to choose others in their room. Some of the remonstrants recanted, some were fined, some were disfranchised, and others, amonowhom was Captain Underbill, were banished." " When the sentence of banishment passed on Captain Underbill, he returned to Dover in New Hampshire, and was elected governor of the European settlers there; but, notwithstanding his great service

-■\-

232- HISTORY OF THE

to the people of Massachusetts, in the Peqiiod wars, his persecutors in Boston would not allow him to die in peace. First, by writing injurious letters to those he governed ; by threats of their power; and lastly, by determining that Dover was witliin the jurisdiction of Massachusetts, they forced him to flee to Albany, then possessed by the Dutch, under the name of Amboyna.

The Dutch were highly pleased with the captain, and after Dutchifying his name into Captain Hans van Vanderhill, they gave him a command of one hundred and twenty men, in their wars with the natives. It is said that he killed one hundred and fifty Indians on Loufj Island, and upwards of three hundred on the main. The laurels of the famous Colonel Church wither in comparison."!^ "At the period of his military employment (says Mr. Thompson,) he lived at Stamford, Connecticut, was a delegate from that town to the general court at New Haven in 1643, and was appointed an assistant justice. In 1644 he came with the Rev. Mr. Denton and others of his church, to Long Island, and soon after became a resident of Flushing, where he evinced the same restless temper as formerly, and was anxious for a military employment." " He was afterward settled in Oyster Bay, for in 1665 he was a delegate from that town to the meeting at Hampstead, by order of Governor Nicoll, and was by him made high sheriff of the North Riding on Long Island." "In 1667, the Matinecock Indians conveyed to him a large tract of their lands, a part of which, called Killingworlh,b remained in his family for nearly two hundred years."^ Captain John Undcrhill, at an advanced age, died in Killingworth, leaving several sons ; the youngest of whom, Nathaniel, (before mentioned,) removed to Westchester, in 1685.

Denton and others of his church, to Long Island, and soon after became a resident of Flushing, where he evinced the same restless temper as formerly, and was anxious for a military employment." " He was afterward settled in Oyster Bay, for in 1665 he was a delegate from that town to the meeting at Hampstead, by order of Governor Nicoll, and was by him made high sheriff of the North Riding on Long Island." "In 1667, the Matinecock Indians conveyed to him a large tract of their lands, a part of which, called Killingworlh,b remained in his family for nearly two hundred years."^ Captain John Undcrhill, at an advanced age, died in Killingworth, leaving several sons ; the youngest of whom, Nathaniel, (before mentioned,) removed to Westchester, in 1685. By liis last will, bearing date the ISlh of September, 1671, Copt. John Underhill bequeathes "his whole estate in possession of his wife Elizabeth Underhill, during ye time of her widowhood ; but if she marry, then my brother John Bowne, Henry Townsend, Matthew Pryer, and my son John

a The " Algerine Captive," by Dr Updike Underhill, vol. i. 25, printed at Walpole, New Hampshire, 1797.

b Originally Kenilworth, from the place of the same name in Warwickshire, Eng. t Thompson's Hist of Long Island, vol. ii 358.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 233

Underliill, I empower hereby that they see to ye estate, that ye children be not wronged, nor turned off, without some proportionable allowance, as ye estate will afford ; and that my son Nai/iajiiel, remain with his mother untill twenty-one years, &c."^

a The " Algerine Captive," by Dr Updike Underhill, vol. i. 25, printed at Walpole, New Hampshire, 1797.

b Originally Kenilworth, from the place of the same name in Warwickshire, Eng. t Thompson's Hist of Long Island, vol. ii 358.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 233

Underliill, I empower hereby that they see to ye estate, that ye children be not wronged, nor turned off, without some proportionable allowance, as ye estate will afford ; and that my son Nai/iajiiel, remain with his mother untill twenty-one years, &c."^

Upon the 22d of March, 1686-7, Nathaniel Underhill and Mary his wife, of the town and county of Westchester, conveyed all their land of every kind at Matinecock, Oyster Bay, " which is the land that my father, John Underhill, sen., lived upon, with forty acres in the woods, which I bought of the Indians," to John Underhill of Matinecock.^

The sons of Nathaniel were Thomas, John, Nathaniel Underhill, jun., from whom were descended the late Anthony L. Underhill of New York, and Lancaster Underhill of Eastchester, and Abraham, from whom come the Underhills of Yorktowu and Cortlandtown, &c.

Nathaniel Underhill, jr., died at Westchester in 1775. The following epitaph is inscribed on his head stone in the family cemetery.

Here lies the body of ;

Nathaniel Underhil, ,>- .

who was born August the Uth, 1690, and departed :' :'

this life November

the 27th, 1775, aged 85

years 3 months and 16 days.

N'athaniel, the eldest son of this individual, filled various public offices, and in 1775 was elected mayor of the borough of Westchester.

Nathaniel Underhill, jr., died at Westchester in 1775. The following epitaph is inscribed on his head stone in the family cemetery.

Here lies the body of ;

Nathaniel Underhil, ,>- .

who was born August the Uth, 1690, and departed :' :'

this life November

the 27th, 1775, aged 85

years 3 months and 16 days.

N'athaniel, the eldest son of this individual, filled various public offices, and in 1775 was elected mayor of the borough of Westchester.

Upon Dormari's Island,'^ in the north-east corner of the town, is situated the estate of Mr. Thomas C. Taylor ; the dwellinghouse, a fine stone structure, occupies a pleasant position, overa Thompson's Hist, of Long Island, vol ii. 361. b Queen's Co. Rec. lib. B. 9]. c So called prior to ] 704.

YoL. II. 30

234 0 HISTORY OF THE

looking the Eastchester bay and opposite shores. The grounds are tastefully arranged and ornamented with thriving phuitations. The Eastchester creek bridge comaiunicates with tlie Westcliester shore and Pelham neck.^

The adjoining estate, Roi.kfield, is the property of Augustus F. van Cortlandt, Esq. ; the house is a very good specimen of the rural Gothic style, and agrees well with its picturesque situation. A choice collection of paintings adorns the walls, viz., St. Agatha, Carlo Dolci ; Mariaiine "VVellesley, Marchioness of Wellesley, Sir Thomas Lawrence. This lady was the daughter of Richard Caton, Esq., of Philadelphia, and widow of Robert Patterson, J^sq. Titian's Mistress, Heely ; Augustus van Cortlandt of Yonkers, Jarvis ; Mrs. van Cortlandt, (a miniature) Leslie. The views of the water from this place are of a beautiful description. Jn the immediate vicinity are located the residences of Mr. Daniel D. Edgar and Mr. Robert R. Morris. This portion of Throckmorton's neck, together with Dorman's island, formerly constituted the old Bayard estate, as noticed in the early part of this town.

This lady was the daughter of Richard Caton, Esq., of Philadelphia, and widow of Robert Patterson, J^sq. Titian's Mistress, Heely ; Augustus van Cortlandt of Yonkers, Jarvis ; Mrs. van Cortlandt, (a miniature) Leslie. The views of the water from this place are of a beautiful description. Jn the immediate vicinity are located the residences of Mr. Daniel D. Edgar and Mr. Robert R. Morris. This portion of Throckmorton's neck, together with Dorman's island, formerly constituted the old Bayard estate, as noticed in the early part of this town.

Further south lies the Ferris property, which has been held by the family of that name for five generations. At an early period John Ferris, ^^ removed hither from Fairfield, <= Connecticut, and became one of the ten proprietors of Throckmorton's neck. These lands he probably obtained by purchase from Thomas Pell. John Ferris was one of the first patentees of the town of Westchester in 1667 ; he lived to an advanced age, and died in 1715, leaving five sons, viz., Samuel, one of the first assistants and common council of the borough of Westchester, John, James, proprietor of the homestead in 1740, Jonathan, ancestor of the Cortlandt-town branch, and Peter, of Westchester. His srand-

» See vol. i. 550.

b Tlio Ferrises were origiiiallj' from Leicestershire, England, and descend from the house of Feriers, Ferrerr, Ferreis or Ferris, the first member of which (in England) was Henry de Feriers, the sou of Gualchelme de Feriers, a Norman, who obtained of William the Conqueror large grants of land in the counties of Staffordshire, Derbyshire, and Leicestershire.

John Ferris was one of the first patentees of the town of Westchester in 1667 ; he lived to an advanced age, and died in 1715, leaving five sons, viz., Samuel, one of the first assistants and common council of the borough of Westchester, John, James, proprietor of the homestead in 1740, Jonathan, ancestor of the Cortlandt-town branch, and Peter, of Westchester. His srand-

» See vol. i. 550.

b Tlio Ferrises were origiiiallj' from Leicestershire, England, and descend from the house of Feriers, Ferrerr, Ferreis or Ferris, the first member of which (in England) was Henry de Feriers, the sou of Gualchelme de Feriers, a Norman, who obtained of William the Conqueror large grants of land in the counties of Staffordshire, Derbyshire, and Leicestershire.

c hi 1660 occurs the name of Jefferey Ferryes of Fairfield, Conn. Farmer's Register contains the names of Benjamin Fernis, of Salem, 1640, and Jeffrey of Mas.'^acliusctts, who was admitted a freeman, A. D. 1C35. , .

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 235

son, James Ferris, possessed this estate in 1776, wh-sn it was occupied by the British troops, under Lord Howe. The familyhappened to be at breakfast, in the present house, on the morning of the I2th of October, 1776, when a gun from the British flag ship announced the disembarkation of the troops ; this signal was instantly answered bv tlie enemies' shippino; which lay at anchor between City Ishuid and Throckmorton's neck. On the next day Lord Howe, supposing that he iiad been deceived by his guides and landed upon an island, summoned them before a board of officers ; as they entered, he struck the table violently with his sword, and demanded in a threatning manner, how they could dare to deceive him ? After a proper explanation had been made, he solemnly declared he would hang every one of them unless conducted safe from his present position.

On the next day Lord Howe, supposing that he iiad been deceived by his guides and landed upon an island, summoned them before a board of officers ; as they entered, he struck the table violently with his sword, and demanded in a threatning manner, how they could dare to deceive him ? After a proper explanation had been made, he solemnly declared he would hang every one of them unless conducted safe from his present position. The retreat was ultimately effected by a bridge of boats.

James Ferris was subsequently captured by the " Queen^.i Hang-eis" and removed to the New York Provost. His descendants are very numerous in the town, Mr. Edward Cooper is the present occupant of the homestead.

Throckmorton's point, situated at the south-east extremity of the neck proper, derives its name as already stated, from John Throckmorton, an Englishman, who took a grant for it under the Dutch, A. D. 1643. The name (says Judge Benson,) has been abbreviated from Throgmorton's to Throg's and finally corrupted to Frog's neck.

From the Throckmorfons and others the point passed by purchase to the late Abijah Hammond, Esq., whose iieirs sold to Mr. H. Le Roy Newbold, Mr. W. Whitehead, Mr. James Drake, and the late Mr. Charles King, &c. The n:ansion erected by Abijah Hammond occupies a splendid situation near the entrance of the point, commanding on the right and left extensive prospects of the East River. Mr. Hammond was the son of Abijah Hammond, and grandson of John Hammond, who emigrated to Massachusetts in 1680. a His first wife was Catharine, a daughter

From the Throckmorfons and others the point passed by purchase to the late Abijah Hammond, Esq., whose iieirs sold to Mr. H. Le Roy Newbold, Mr. W. Whitehead, Mr. James Drake, and the late Mr. Charles King, &c. The n:ansion erected by Abijah Hammond occupies a splendid situation near the entrance of the point, commanding on the right and left extensive prospects of the East River. Mr. Hammond was the son of Abijah Hammond, and grandson of John Hammond, who emigrated to Massachusetts in 1680. a His first wife was Catharine, a daughter

« The Hammond family claim descent from the house of Penn through the marriage of William Hammond with Elizabeth Penn, daughter of Sir Wiiliarn aijd sister of William Penn, the founder of Pennsylvania.

236 HISTORY OF THE

of Abraham Ogden ; several children survive. His son, Ogden, for many years resided on the point. His daughter Mary is the wife of William H. Harrison, Esq., of New York.

Upon the extremity of the point is now " in course of erection by the United States government, a very strong fortification, called Fort Schuyler. It is calculated, when completed, to defend this entrance and protect the city of New York from foreign invasions, in connection with the formidable works of a similar character erected at the Narrows."^^

Throckmorton's point is distinguished as being the scene of important military operations, and was for a short time in the possession of ihe enemy during the revolutionary war. The following account is from General Heath's memoirs.

Upon the extremity of the point is now " in course of erection by the United States government, a very strong fortification, called Fort Schuyler. It is calculated, when completed, to defend this entrance and protect the city of New York from foreign invasions, in connection with the formidable works of a similar character erected at the Narrows."^^

Throckmorton's point is distinguished as being the scene of important military operations, and was for a short time in the possession of ihe enemy during the revolutionary war. The following account is from General Heath's memoirs.

" October 3d, 1776. The brigadier generals of our general's division,'' were in council, and several new works were laid out ; among others, a redoubt on the hill above William's bridge. Our general, in reconnoitering his position, accompanied by Col. Hand, below the camp of the rifle corps, being apprehensive that the British might land on Frog's neck, took a view of the causeway between Westchester and the point. Upon the neck, which runs between these two, is a tide mill, and a plank bridge at the mill, at the west end of the causeway, (the side of the American army,) was at this time a range of cord wood, as advantageously situated to cover a party to defend the pass as if constructed for the very purpose. After taking a full view, our general directed Col. Hand, immediately on his return to his camp, to fix upon one of the best subaltern officers, and twenty-five picked men of his corps, and assign them to this pass, as their alarm-post at all times ; and in case the enemy made a landing on Frog's neck, to direct this officer immediately to take up the planks of the bridge ; to have everything in readiness to set the mill on fire; but not to do it, unless the fire of the riflemen should appear insufficient to check the advance of the enemy on the causeway; to assign another party to the head of the creek ; to reinforce both, in case the enemy landed ; and that he should be supported.

Hand, immediately on his return to his camp, to fix upon one of the best subaltern officers, and twenty-five picked men of his corps, and assign them to this pass, as their alarm-post at all times ; and in case the enemy made a landing on Frog's neck, to direct this officer immediately to take up the planks of the bridge ; to have everything in readiness to set the mill on fire; but not to do it, unless the fire of the riflemen should appear insufficient to check the advance of the enemy on the causeway; to assign another party to the head of the creek ; to reinforce both, in case the enemy landed ; and that he should be supported. Col. Hand made his arrangements accordingly.

Disttirnell's Gazetteer of N. Y. i> General Heath.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 237

''October 7th. Gen. Lincoln came to camp. He had come from Massachusetts with a body of militia. This was the first of his joining the main army. The same day the Britisli were putting over horses from Horn's Hook to Long Island, and fixing their pontoons.

"October 9th. Our general's division was formed in line, with its advance, reserve fiank-guards, and artillery, all in order of battle, when they were moved down over the different grounds, which it was supposed might be the scene of action. Some of this ground was very broken, and there were many fences. These afforded frequent opportunities for the troops to break off and form, for the pioneers to open avenues, &c., and for the whole to become acquainted with every part of the ground, and the best choice of it, if suddenly called to action.

Our general's division was formed in line, with its advance, reserve fiank-guards, and artillery, all in order of battle, when they were moved down over the different grounds, which it was supposed might be the scene of action. Some of this ground was very broken, and there were many fences. These afforded frequent opportunities for the troops to break off and form, for the pioneers to open avenues, &c., and for the whole to become acquainted with every part of the ground, and the best choice of it, if suddenly called to action.

" October 12th. Early in the morning eighty or ninety British boats, full of men, stood up the Sound, from Montresor's Island, Long Island, &c. The troops landed at Frog's neck, and their advance pushed towards the causeway and bridge at Westchester mill. Col. Hand's riflemen took up the planks of the bridge, as had been directed, and commenced a firing with their rifles. The British moved towards the head of the creek, but found here also the Americans in possession of the pass. Our general immediately (as he had assured Col. Hand he would do,) ordered Col. Prescott. the hero of Bunker Hill, with his regiment, and Capt. Lieut. Bryant, of the artillery, with a three pounder, to reinforce the riflemen at Westchester causeway, and Col. Graham of the New York line, with his regiment, and Lieut. Jackson of the artillery, with a six pounder, to reinforce at the head of the creek; all of which was promptly done, to the check and disappointment of the enemy. The British encamped on the neck. The riflemen and yagers kept up a scattering popping at each other across the marsh ; and the Americans on their side, and the British on the other, threw up a work at the end of the causeway.

Graham of the New York line, with his regiment, and Lieut. Jackson of the artillery, with a six pounder, to reinforce at the head of the creek; all of which was promptly done, to the check and disappointment of the enemy. The British encamped on the neck. The riflemen and yagers kept up a scattering popping at each other across the marsh ; and the Americans on their side, and the British on the other, threw up a work at the end of the causeway. Caj)t. Bryant, now and then, when there was an object, saluted the British with a field piece.

"In the afternoon forty or fifty sail of vessels passed up, and came to anchor off Frog's Point. The same evening Gen. Mc- Dougal's brigade joined our general's division.

238_ % HISTORY OF THE

"October 13(h. The brigade formerly under the command of our general, when he was brigadier, joined his division. The division now became very strong, l^iio general officers of the army were this day in council at our general's quarters.

" October 14th. Our general, with the generals under his command, reconnoitred the enemy at Frog's neck; afterwards the general officers of the army reconnoitred the various grounds. The same day Maj. Gen. Lee was ordered to the command of the troops above Kingsbridge, now become the largest part of the American army. But Gen. Washington had desired him not to exercise the command for a day or two, until he could make himself acquainted with the post, its circumstances, and arrangements of duty. A great number of sloops, boats, &c., were passing the sound eastward, just at dusk, probably conveying ammunition, provisions, (fcc, to the troops at Frog's Point.

Lee was ordered to the command of the troops above Kingsbridge, now become the largest part of the American army. But Gen. Washington had desired him not to exercise the command for a day or two, until he could make himself acquainted with the post, its circumstances, and arrangements of duty. A great number of sloops, boats, &c., were passing the sound eastward, just at dusk, probably conveying ammunition, provisions, (fcc, to the troops at Frog's Point.

'• October 15th. Five sailors came oft" from the La Brune, they informed that there was a large body of the British on Frog's Point, and that an attack might be soon expected. The scattering fire across the marsh continued, and now and then a man was killed.

"October 16th. Two works were discovered on Frog's neck, nearly finished. The general officers of the army rode to reconnoitre the groimd at Pell's neck, &c., and it was determined that the position of the American army should be immediately changed; the left flank to be extended more northerly, to prevent its being turned by the British.

. "October 17th. Wadsworth's and Fellow's brigades came to Kingsbridge. The British sliipping, &c., continued moving eastward.

"October ISth. The regiment at Westchester causeway had been relieved by another. The officer on command there, this morning, sent up an express to our general, informing him that the British were opening an embrasure in their work at the end of the causeway, and that he apprehended they intended under a cannonade from this, to attempt to pass. Our general ordered one of his aids to gallop his horse to the officer commanding the brigade near Valentine's, the nearest to Westchester, and order b'lm to form his brigade instantly. Arriving himself by the time

The officer on command there, this morning, sent up an express to our general, informing him that the British were opening an embrasure in their work at the end of the causeway, and that he apprehended they intended under a cannonade from this, to attempt to pass. Our general ordered one of his aids to gallop his horse to the officer commanding the brigade near Valentine's, the nearest to Westchester, and order b'lm to form his brigade instantly. Arriving himself by the time

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 239

the brigade was formed, he ordered the officer to march with the utmost expedition, to the head of the causeway, to reinforce the troops tliere ; himself moving on with ifiem. When the troops had advanced to about half the way between the head of the creek and the post at tiie head of the causeway, another express met him, informing him that the whole British army were in motion, and seenjed to be niOving towards the pass at the head of tlie creek. Upon this, the brigade was ordered to halt, the whole to prime and load, and the rear regiment to file off by the left, and march briskly to reinforce the Americans at the pass, at the head of the creek. At this instant Gen. Washington cam-e up, and having inqnired of our general the slate of things, ordered him to return immediately and have his division formed ready fir action, and to take such a position as might appear best calculated to oppose the enemy, should they attempt to land another body of troops on Morrisanta, which he thought not improbable. Our general immediately obeyed the order.

Upon this, the brigade was ordered to halt, the whole to prime and load, and the rear regiment to file off by the left, and march briskly to reinforce the Americans at the pass, at the head of the creek. At this instant Gen. Washington cam-e up, and having inqnired of our general the slate of things, ordered him to return immediately and have his division formed ready fir action, and to take such a position as might appear best calculated to oppose the enemy, should they attempt to land another body of troops on Morrisanta, which he thought not improbable. Our general immediately obeyed the order.

" The wind was now fresh at south-west. The British crossed to the other side of Frog's neck, embarked on board their boats crossed over the cove, and landed on Pell's neck."*

Throckmorton's point is likewise remarkable as the place where the tides meet in the Sound. Directly opposite are the famous stepping' slones, a number of rocks which project in a line from the Long Island shore, and show their bare tops at low water. "An Indian origin (says Judge Benson) is asserted for this name, and a tradition vouched as the authority." "It is said, that at a certain time, doubtless some years ago, the evil spirit set up a claim against the Indians, t6> Connecticut, as his peculiar domain ; but they being in possession, determined, of course, to try to hold it. By Connecticut, the premises in question, is to be understood, the original Connecticut prope?, the territory between the oblong-, our eastern boundary in that quarter, and the Sound." The surfi^ces of Conneclicul and Long Island, were then the reverse of what they are now. Long Island was covered with rocks, Connecticut was free from them.

"An Indian origin (says Judge Benson) is asserted for this name, and a tradition vouched as the authority." "It is said, that at a certain time, doubtless some years ago, the evil spirit set up a claim against the Indians, t6> Connecticut, as his peculiar domain ; but they being in possession, determined, of course, to try to hold it. By Connecticut, the premises in question, is to be understood, the original Connecticut prope?, the territory between the oblong-, our eastern boundary in that quarter, and the Sound." The surfi^ces of Conneclicul and Long Island, were then the reverse of what they are now. Long Island was covered with rocks, Connecticut was free from them.

& Heath's Mem. 67.

210 HISTORY OF THE

The Indians were fully sensible of what they had to dread from such an adversary, and accordingly betook tiiemselves to a course not unns;d on occasions of great ditficulty and danger, they referred the case to the squaws, the mothers of the tribes, wiio, it is said, recommended an offer to quit, on being allowed their betterments, a Novanglican law term, devised to signify the dwelling and other erections, and comprehending girdling the trees to disencumber the land of the wood, by a person entering without title, on land never before cultivated, known as new or wild land, (fcc." " No answer as was to be expected, was given to this offer, and the parties claiming to be entitled to the right of sovereign states, and there being no federal court to interpose between them, had recourse to the "alternate mean of discussion between princes, to arms." The parties foreseeing there would be war, were, as behooved them, prepared for it.

The Indians were fully sensible of what they had to dread from such an adversary, and accordingly betook tiiemselves to a course not unns;d on occasions of great ditficulty and danger, they referred the case to the squaws, the mothers of the tribes, wiio, it is said, recommended an offer to quit, on being allowed their betterments, a Novanglican law term, devised to signify the dwelling and other erections, and comprehending girdling the trees to disencumber the land of the wood, by a person entering without title, on land never before cultivated, known as new or wild land, (fcc." " No answer as was to be expected, was given to this offer, and the parties claiming to be entitled to the right of sovereign states, and there being no federal court to interpose between them, had recourse to the "alternate mean of discussion between princes, to arms." The parties foreseeing there would be war, were, as behooved them, prepared for it.

The renowned arch-leader, an host in himself, took the field alone ; and being an overmatch for the Indians in skill and spirit, he at first advanced on them ; but, they having provided there should be constantly reinforcements on their march, thereby preserving their corps entire, and harassing him incessantly, giving him no rest night nor day, he was obliged finally to yield to vigilance and perseverance, and fall back. He retired collected, and, as usual, giving up the ground only inch by inch ; and, though retiring, still presenting a front whenever attack threatened ; he kept close to the Sound to secure his flank on that side ; and, having reached Frog^s point, and the water becoming narrow, to be crossed by the Indians in bark canoes, easily to be made in a night, and the tide being out, and the rocks showing their heads, he availed himself of them, and stepping from one to another, effected his retreat to Long Island.

He retired collected, and, as usual, giving up the ground only inch by inch ; and, though retiring, still presenting a front whenever attack threatened ; he kept close to the Sound to secure his flank on that side ; and, having reached Frog^s point, and the water becoming narrow, to be crossed by the Indians in bark canoes, easily to be made in a night, and the tide being out, and the rocks showing their heads, he availed himself of them, and stepping from one to another, effected his retreat to Long Island. He at first betook himself sullen and silent to Coram, in the middle of the island ; but it being in his nature not to remain idle long, and " rage superadded, soon roused him and ministered to him the means of revenge. He collected all the rocks in the island in heaps at Cold Spring, and throwing them in different directions, to different distances across the Sound in Connecticut, covered the surface of it with them as we now see it; and

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 241

it has been repeated from the whites, the first settlers of the lands at Cold Spring', that the Indians to the last who remained, not only undertook to show the spot where he stood, but insisted ihey could still discern the print of his feet." " The fact of tradition (adds Judge Benson) among the Indians of Long Island, of a war between those of Connecticut and the evil spirit about the territory, and of his being worsted and retreating to the island, &c., I had from the late Mr. L' Hemmed ieii a native of the island. "a A projecting point of land on the neck still bears the name of iSatafi's toe.

it has been repeated from the whites, the first settlers of the lands at Cold Spring', that the Indians to the last who remained, not only undertook to show the spot where he stood, but insisted ihey could still discern the print of his feet." " The fact of tradition (adds Judge Benson) among the Indians of Long Island, of a war between those of Connecticut and the evil spirit about the territory, and of his being worsted and retreating to the island, &c., I had from the late Mr. L' Hemmed ieii a native of the island. "a A projecting point of land on the neck still bears the name of iSatafi's toe.

Upon the north-east side of Throckmorton's point lies Locust Island, the property of James Drake. On the south, the shores of the East river are ornamented with numerous handsome residences, as the seats of Mr. W. H. Carter called Bella Vista, Mrs. Wright Post, Mr. Barker and Mr. Thomas Ash. The property of the latter gentleman, formerly belonged to Philip I. Livingston, Esq., who expended large sums in procuring every novelty in the vegetable world to adorn this beautiful spot. The gardens at one time covered several hundred acres. "The finest cedar of Lebanon in the Union, (says Mr, Downing) is growing in the grounds of Mr. Ash, being 50 feet high, and of corresponding breadth, "b There is also a superb specimen of the copper coloured beech. The road from the point to Westchester village, passes many beautiful country villas, ^picer''s and Brocketi's necks are situated at the south-west extremity of Throckmorton's neck proper, and constitute what was formerly known as the Grove fann. This property we have seen, was patented by Governor Nicolls to Thomas Hunt, in 1667, who bequeathed it in 1694 to his grandson, Josiah Hunt.

Ash, being 50 feet high, and of corresponding breadth, "b There is also a superb specimen of the copper coloured beech. The road from the point to Westchester village, passes many beautiful country villas, ^picer''s and Brocketi's necks are situated at the south-west extremity of Throckmorton's neck proper, and constitute what was formerly known as the Grove fann. This property we have seen, was patented by Governor Nicolls to Thomas Hunt, in 1667, who bequeathed it in 1694 to his grandson, Josiah Hunt. At Josiah's death, A. D, 1729, it went to his son, Thomas Hunt. Upon the demise of the latter, in 1756, the Grove farm descended to his eldest daughter, Mianna Hunt, who married John Ferris. Their son was the late Elijah Ferris, whose sons, John II., William and Charlton Ferris, are the present owners. The old grange erected in 1697, is prettily located at the entrance of

a Memoirs of the State of N. Y., by Egbert Benson, 1817, b Downing's Landscape Gardening.

Vol. it. 31

tJ^- HISTORY OF THE

Spicer's neck, on the margin of the Westchester creek, shrouded by a group of venerable locusts. The nurseries of Mr. William Ferris, situated a litile north of the house, are very extensive and contain eveiy variety of fruit and ornamental trees. We believe this is the largest establishment of the kind in Westchester county. There was formerly a ferry between Ferry 'point, the termination of Brockeit's neck, now called Laing's Island, and the opposite shore of Powell's point, L. I. The passage was performed in a peri-auger.

Spicer's neck, on the margin of the Westchester creek, shrouded by a group of venerable locusts. The nurseries of Mr. William Ferris, situated a litile north of the house, are very extensive and contain eveiy variety of fruit and ornamental trees. We believe this is the largest establishment of the kind in Westchester county. There was formerly a ferry between Ferry 'point, the termination of Brockeit's neck, now called Laing's Island, and the opposite shore of Powell's point, L. I. The passage was performed in a peri-auger.

The Westchester creek which is here nearly three quarters of a mile across, abounds with every description of shell and salt water fish. Among the latter, may be enumerated, bass, week fish, black fish, drum, eels, flounders, spice, tomicods, perch, porgies, horse mackerel, herrings, bequeals, garnet, &-c.

On the eastern side of the creek, lies Castle-hill neck^^ the property of Governeur M. Wilkins, Esq. This estate was formerly held by the Cromwell fiimily.b lu 1685, John Cromwell and Elizabeth Cromwell his wife, exchanged six acres of meadow with Thomas Hunt, for eight acres of upland, situated upon Castle neck.'^ From the Crom well's, f' it went to a younger branch of the Underhill's,c who conveyed it to the Rev. Isaac Wilkins. After being sold by Mr. Wilkins, in 1784, it was successively the property of the families of Pell, Russell, Gilchrist, Taylor and Aspen, from whom it passed to Martin Wilkins, Esq., by whose son it is now enjoyed. The family of Wilkins, was originally seated in the county of Glamorgan, South Wales, and derives from " Robert de Wintona, or Wincestria, who came into that county with Robert Fitzhamon, who was lord of the manor of lianguian, near Coubridge and built a castle there, the ruins of which are still extant. The

Wilkins, in 1784, it was successively the property of the families of Pell, Russell, Gilchrist, Taylor and Aspen, from whom it passed to Martin Wilkins, Esq., by whose son it is now enjoyed. The family of Wilkins, was originally seated in the county of Glamorgan, South Wales, and derives from " Robert de Wintona, or Wincestria, who came into that county with Robert Fitzhamon, who was lord of the manor of lianguian, near Coubridge and built a castle there, the ruins of which are still extant. The

a A name derived from the Indian castle whicli formerly stood near the termination of the neck.

b From this family, it obtained the name of Cromioell's neck.

e Co. Rec. Lib. A. 95. _^ •-

d See vol. i. 251. ■ - ' • • . /, -/ . .

• Co.Rec. Lib. A. 214.

f The name is supposed to be derived from tlie Whelk, an imaginary animal, which tradition asserts, inhabited the vale. The Whelk is still borne on the coat armor of the family, with the significant Welch motto : Sun ar dy Ilyn : angiice, beware of thyself.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 243

valley underneath, is called Pant Wilkyn (Welkyn's vale) to this day.=i Members of the family, yet reside at Brecon, Glamorganshire and Maeslongh, Radnorshire. Tlie more immediate ancestor of the American branch emigrated to Jamaica, West Indies, in 1720, and settled as a planter at St. Dorothy's in that colony. His grandson, was the Rev. Isaac Wilkins, D. U.

The Whelk is still borne on the coat armor of the family, with the significant Welch motto : Sun ar dy Ilyn : angiice, beware of thyself.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 243

valley underneath, is called Pant Wilkyn (Welkyn's vale) to this day.=i Members of the family, yet reside at Brecon, Glamorganshire and Maeslongh, Radnorshire. Tlie more immediate ancestor of the American branch emigrated to Jamaica, West Indies, in 1720, and settled as a planter at St. Dorothy's in that colony. His grandson, was the Rev. Isaac Wilkins, D. U.

Of the latter, the following account is given in *' Sabine\s Sketches of American Loyalists.''^ His father was " Martin Wilkins," a rich planter of Jamaica, and died when he was quite young. He was sent to New Vork to be educated, and enjoyed the best advantages which the country afforded. He prepared himself for the ministry, but did not take orders. Having settled in the comity of Westchester, he was returned as a member of the housa of assembly, in which body he became a leader on the ministerial side. His influence with his associates, and with his party, was very great. Near the close of the session of the assembly of February, 1775, Col. Woodhull, (a whig who met a sad and early death) moved that the thanks of the house should be presented to the delegates to the continental congress who met at Philadelphia, in September previously. The motion was opposed and lost, Mr. Wilkins voting against it. When the question of appointing delegates to the second congress, came up, he made a speech, which was much admired by his friends for its eloquence, clearness and precision. Schuyler and George Clinton were his principal antagonists in the debate. As this speech affords a good specimen of the views of loyalists and of the state of the controversy at that period, I insert it entire, and nearly verbatim, as it was delivered ; as a matter of curious history, and as the effort of an able man, the reader will be interested in its perusal. , - ■

When the question of appointing delegates to the second congress, came up, he made a speech, which was much admired by his friends for its eloquence, clearness and precision. Schuyler and George Clinton were his principal antagonists in the debate. As this speech affords a good specimen of the views of loyalists and of the state of the controversy at that period, I insert it entire, and nearly verbatim, as it was delivered ; as a matter of curious history, and as the effort of an able man, the reader will be interested in its perusal. , - ■

Mr. Speaker, The subject now under consideration is the most important, I believe, that has ever come before this house ; nothing less than the welfare, I had almost said the existence, of this colony, and perhaps of all America, depends upon the result of our present deliberations. Deeply impressed with this idea, I rise with great anxiety of mind to deliver my sentiments on this oc-

» Burke's Hist, of the landed gentry of England, vol. iii. 393.

2M HISTORY OF THE

casion. Whether they are such as this house will think proper to approve, 1 cannot tell ; but sure I am, they are such as are dictated by an honest heart, an heart biased by no selfish or sinister motives, and warped by no attaciiment to sect, persons or party. There is not, I am persuaded, an individual in this assembly, who does not wish well to America in general, and who is not solicitous for the preservation of this province in particular. For my own part, I feel more real concern than I can well express, at the gloomy prospect of our affairs, and I would sacrifice more, much more, than most men would be willing to believe, if I could by that means rescue my country from the ruin and destruction that is now ready to overwhelm her.

There is not, I am persuaded, an individual in this assembly, who does not wish well to America in general, and who is not solicitous for the preservation of this province in particular. For my own part, I feel more real concern than I can well express, at the gloomy prospect of our affairs, and I would sacrifice more, much more, than most men would be willing to believe, if I could by that means rescue my country from the ruin and destruction that is now ready to overwhelm her. The necessity of a speedy reconciliation between us and our mother country, must be obvious to every one who is not totally destitute of sense and feeling; so that there can be no dispute now, I presume, but about the means of accomplishing it. Before I give my opinion, however, upon this matter, I must beg the indulgence of the House, while I exhibit a short view of the rise and progress of our present disturbances in America.

" Ever since the first settlement of these colonies, Great Britain has claimed and exercised the right of jurisdiction over them, and her claim was founded in reason, and in the nature of civil government, for it is certain beyond all manner of doubt and controversy, that the supreme authority of every empire, mubt extend over the whole and every part of that empire, otherwise there must be imperium in imperio, two absolute and distinct powers in one and the same government, which is impossible ; and consequently the supreme authority of the British empire, which is vested in the king, lords, and commons, must extend over these colonies, which are a part of the British empire. This authority was never disputed by the colonies, till the tim.e of the stamp act, and then no farther than as to the right of imposing internal taxes ; for the right of regulating trade, and of imposing duties upon articles of commerce, was universally acknowledged as essential to the supremacy of the British parliament.

" Ever since the first settlement of these colonies, Great Britain has claimed and exercised the right of jurisdiction over them, and her claim was founded in reason, and in the nature of civil government, for it is certain beyond all manner of doubt and controversy, that the supreme authority of every empire, mubt extend over the whole and every part of that empire, otherwise there must be imperium in imperio, two absolute and distinct powers in one and the same government, which is impossible ; and consequently the supreme authority of the British empire, which is vested in the king, lords, and commons, must extend over these colonies, which are a part of the British empire. This authority was never disputed by the colonies, till the tim.e of the stamp act, and then no farther than as to the right of imposing internal taxes ; for the right of regulating trade, and of imposing duties upon articles of commerce, was universally acknowledged as essential to the supremacy of the British parliament. Their right of internal taxation over the Colonies, was by the Americans ojiposod upon this principle, that it was contrary to one of the fundamentals of our free Constitution, which forbids the taking of the subjects' money without their consesit, given either personally or by their representative. This power of disposing of their property, they imagined and asserted, was lodged in their Provincial Legislatures only. Be that as it will, this was certainly placing their liberty upon a proper basis : here they ought to have rested ; here they ought to have bounded their demands ; this would have been a sufficient barrier against arbitrary power. The Parliament, in consequence of this, although they did not relinquish their claim or right to tax the Colonies, repealed that impolitic and oppressive act ; and although they afterwards imposed duties on paper, glass, paints, colors, &c., yet those also, in compliance with our demands, were taken off: so indulgent has our mother country been to the claims and humors of her children.

Be that as it will, this was certainly placing their liberty upon a proper basis : here they ought to have rested ; here they ought to have bounded their demands ; this would have been a sufficient barrier against arbitrary power. The Parliament, in consequence of this, although they did not relinquish their claim or right to tax the Colonies, repealed that impolitic and oppressive act ; and although they afterwards imposed duties on paper, glass, paints, colors, &c., yet those also, in compliance with our demands, were taken off: so indulgent has our mother country been to the claims and humors of her children. This complying disposition, however, i i her so far

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER, 245

from exciting our gratitude, or satisfying our uneasiness and discontent, has only emboldened us to make farther encroachments upon her authority. We foolishly attributed this gentle conduct towards us to fear, and to a consciousness of her inabilily to compel us to submission. And when a three penny duty on tea was demanded of us, we peremptorily refused to comply ; and instead of expostulating or of showing our disapprobation of that act, by remonstrating in a legal and constitutional way, as we ought to have done ; or instead of taking that easy and effectual method that offered itself to us, I mean the not purchasing that commodity, while encumbered with the duty, we flew into the most indecent rage, and hastily adopted every unwarrantable measure that could irritate and provoke the government ; we either destroyed or sent back, in a most contemptuous manner, all the tea that entered our harbors ; we insulted her ministers, and absolutely denied her authority.

And when a three penny duty on tea was demanded of us, we peremptorily refused to comply ; and instead of expostulating or of showing our disapprobation of that act, by remonstrating in a legal and constitutional way, as we ought to have done ; or instead of taking that easy and effectual method that offered itself to us, I mean the not purchasing that commodity, while encumbered with the duty, we flew into the most indecent rage, and hastily adopted every unwarrantable measure that could irritate and provoke the government ; we either destroyed or sent back, in a most contemptuous manner, all the tea that entered our harbors ; we insulted her ministers, and absolutely denied her authority.

" The colony of Massachusetts Bay was the foremost and the most violent in this opposition, and chastisement followed close upon the transgression, which, though the mildest that could possibly have bee.i inflicted, considering the nature of the offence, has kindled such a flame through the whole continent of xA-merica, as threatens universal devastation. The Colonies, instead of endeavoring to extinguish it, are increasing its violence ; instead of striving to restore peace and good harmony, so essential to the welfare of both countries, are using every possible means to widen the breach and make it irreparable. Good God ! that we should be so void of common sense ! that we should be so blind to our own happiness ! What advantage, in the name of Heaven, can we propose to ourselves, in being at enmity with Great Britain? Shall we by this means become more powerful, more wealthy, or more free 1 Let us pause for a moment, and reflect a little upon the absurdity and folly of such expectations. On the contrary, shall we not derive every desirable advantage from being in friendship and amity with her 1 Shall we not derive strength, protection and stability, from that oak around which we have so long twined ourselves, and under the shadow of whose branches we have so long flourished in security ^

Shall we by this means become more powerful, more wealthy, or more free 1 Let us pause for a moment, and reflect a little upon the absurdity and folly of such expectations. On the contrary, shall we not derive every desirable advantage from being in friendship and amity with her 1 Shall we not derive strength, protection and stability, from that oak around which we have so long twined ourselves, and under the shadow of whose branches we have so long flourished in security ^

" Permit me to carry on this allusion. We are a vigorous and fertile vine ; but without some prop, without some sufficient support, we shall only trail along the ground, and be liable to injury and destruction from the foot of every passenger. But if Great Britain gives us her protection ; if she cultivates us with tenderness and care, we shall yield her a rich and plentiful vintage, as necessary to her welfare and prosperity, as her support is to our existence. In this mutual relation do we stand to each other. Let us therefore, like wise men, endeavor to establish a lasting and permanent union between us ; let us endeavor to remove every obstacle to this desirable end ; and let us reject with the utmost disdain and abhorrence every measure that can tend to increase the difference between us, and make this necessary union impracticable. Let us therefore, to the utmost of our power, endeavor to put a stop to the illegal and disorderly proceedings, and resolutions of committees, associations,

Let us therefore, like wise men, endeavor to establish a lasting and permanent union between us ; let us endeavor to remove every obstacle to this desirable end ; and let us reject with the utmost disdain and abhorrence every measure that can tend to increase the difference between us, and make this necessary union impracticable. Let us therefore, to the utmost of our power, endeavor to put a stop to the illegal and disorderly proceedings, and resolutions of committees, associations,

246 HISTORY OF THE • ^

and congresses. They have already driven this Colony to the brink of a precipice ; some of our sister Colonies (I speak with the deepest concern,) have already taken the desperate pUinge, and unless the clemency of Great Britain shall work a miracle in their favor, I know not how they will escape perdition. Let us be warned by their example ; let their fully and precipitation teach ns wisdom ; and, instead of linking ourselves to the chain of their evil destiny, let us instantly break loose, and, by a well timed effort, rescue ourselves from destruction, and endeavor to make peace for ourselves, -- not a shameful, not an ignominious peace, -- but such a one as shall be worthy of freemen ; such a one as will secure to us our liberties and properties, and render the union between us and our mother country permanent and lasting ; in short, such as will be worthy Great Britain to offer, and Americans to receive.

Let us be warned by their example ; let their fully and precipitation teach ns wisdom ; and, instead of linking ourselves to the chain of their evil destiny, let us instantly break loose, and, by a well timed effort, rescue ourselves from destruction, and endeavor to make peace for ourselves, -- not a shameful, not an ignominious peace, -- but such a one as shall be worthy of freemen ; such a one as will secure to us our liberties and properties, and render the union between us and our mother country permanent and lasting ; in short, such as will be worthy Great Britain to offer, and Americans to receive.

" And here let it not be said that it will be a base desertion of our sister colonies, to withdraw our assistance from them when in so critical and dangerous a situation. But let it be remembered that Great Britain is our mother -- a kind and indulgent mother, who hath nourished, protected and established us in this land of Canaan, this land flowing with milk and honey -- a mother, whose arms are open to receive all such of her children as will return to their duty ; who is willing to hear their complaints, and to redress their grievances. And shall we take part against such a parent 1 Shall we, like detestable parricides, wound her bosom for the sake of ungrateful brethren, who have wilfully shut their eyes both to their interest and their duty, and who are obstinately bent upon their own destruction ? Surely we cannot. No, I am persuaded there is not an individual in this House who would not reject this proposal with the utmost abhorrence. We have too much understanding not to know that the interest of these colonies and of Great Britain is the same; that we are all one people -- of the same laws, language and religion, each of us equally bound to one another by the ties of reciprocal affection ; and we have too much loyalty to the best of sovereigns -- too great a regard to order and good government, to assert that insurrections and tumults in one Colony can or ought to justify them in another.

We have too much understanding not to know that the interest of these colonies and of Great Britain is the same; that we are all one people -- of the same laws, language and religion, each of us equally bound to one another by the ties of reciprocal affection ; and we have too much loyalty to the best of sovereigns -- too great a regard to order and good government, to assert that insurrections and tumults in one Colony can or ought to justify them in another. Indeed, so far am I from thinking that this conduct in us would be deserving the common cause of the Colonies, that I am convinced it is the only expedient left, by which we can in any measure promote their real and true interest. By uniting with them, we shall in all probability sink with them, but by rending ourselves from the rash and ill-judged combination in which they have engaged, while we are doing good to ourselves, we may do good also to them. We may have it in our power, as I know we shall have it in our will, to stretch out a helping hand to raise them from the pit into which they are falling. And I will venture to assert with boldness and confidence, that if this Loyal Province will do her duty, and act with wisdom and moderation in the critical juncture, she may yet save America.

" Great Britain is not the only quarter from whence danger is to be apprehended. Iler resentment, no doubt, is to be dreaded, and it behoves us, if possi-

We may have it in our power, as I know we shall have it in our will, to stretch out a helping hand to raise them from the pit into which they are falling. And I will venture to assert with boldness and confidence, that if this Loyal Province will do her duty, and act with wisdom and moderation in the critical juncture, she may yet save America.

" Great Britain is not the only quarter from whence danger is to be apprehended. Iler resentment, no doubt, is to be dreaded, and it behoves us, if possi-

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 247

ble, to avert it ; she may destroy our cities; she may ruin our commerce ; she may reduce us to so deplorable a condition that we shall be willing to accept of peace and reconciliation upon any terms which she shall think proper to impose. This is what she may do, and what most probably she will do, unless we alter the mode of our conduct towards her. But if she should think proper to decline the contest ; if in her wrath she should give us up to our own direction, and leave us to cut and shuffle for ourselves, and to settle our boundaries, and to appoint our forms of government, deeper and more terrible scenes of distress will present themselves to our view. Fain would I draw a veil over this melancholy prospect, and hide it from the eye of humanity ; but my duty to my family -- to my constituents -- to my country, forbids me to be silent. Factions and animosities will lay waste o\ir country. Provinces will rise against Provinces, and no umpire to determine the contest but the sword. This once flourishing and happy land will smile no more ; it will become a field of blood, and a scene of terror and desolation.

Fain would I draw a veil over this melancholy prospect, and hide it from the eye of humanity ; but my duty to my family -- to my constituents -- to my country, forbids me to be silent. Factions and animosities will lay waste o\ir country. Provinces will rise against Provinces, and no umpire to determine the contest but the sword. This once flourishing and happy land will smile no more ; it will become a field of blood, and a scene of terror and desolation. To such calamities shall we awake from our dreams of independence, and to such miseries will our unreasonable love of liberty lead us. Let us therefore, moderate a little the eagerness of our dispute, and not prostitute this noblest and best principle of the human heart, to the unworthy purposes of sedition and rebellion.

" The Americans love liberty, "tis their grand, their darling object, and may they ever have virtue and spirit enough to assert and defend it, as well as wisdom and prudence to enjoy it. But that love of liberty which beats so strongly in our hearts, and which seems to animate and inspirit almost every individual, if not carefully watched and attended to, will, on some future day, (should we be so fortunate as to escape our present danger.) prove a dreadful source of misfortune to us, if not our ruin. Liberty and licentiousness are nearly allied to each other ; like wit and madness, there is but a thin partition between them ; and, licentiousness invariably leads to slavery. Almost every page of history will furnish abundant proofs of the truths of these observations ; and God grant that the annals of this country i,;.y not add to the number; but I fear from the present licentious conduct we are much nearer to *a state of slavery and oppression than we seem to be aware of.

Liberty and licentiousness are nearly allied to each other ; like wit and madness, there is but a thin partition between them ; and, licentiousness invariably leads to slavery. Almost every page of history will furnish abundant proofs of the truths of these observations ; and God grant that the annals of this country i,;.y not add to the number; but I fear from the present licentious conduct we are much nearer to *a state of slavery and oppression than we seem to be aware of. So far already have we advanced towards it, thatall internal order and subordination is nearly at an end amongst us. The authority of the civil magistrate is become useless, and almost contemptible ; even the authority of this House, nay, of the whole Legislative body of this Province, has been treated with the utmost contempt, and our power in a manner wrested from us, by a set of men who have arrogated to themselves the style of the People's Representatives. If they are in reality such, to what purpose are we here assembled? If they are authorized to make laws, to establish penalties, and to regulate the concerns of this Colony, why are we called together 1 what is lelt for us to do ] Nothing sir, but to do our duty ; to undo, if possible, all that they have done ; to strip them of their borrowed plumes, and to resume that authority, which has been delegated to us forthe most important purposes ; for the preservation of liberty,

If they are authorized to make laws, to establish penalties, and to regulate the concerns of this Colony, why are we called together 1 what is lelt for us to do ] Nothing sir, but to do our duty ; to undo, if possible, all that they have done ; to strip them of their borrowed plumes, and to resume that authority, which has been delegated to us forthe most important purposes ; for the preservation of liberty,

24S HISTORY OF THE

order and good government. We are the representatives of the inhabitants of this Colony ; they have entrusted us with the guardianship of their rights and hberties, and they look up to us for the preservation of them. Let us, therefore, act as becomes us, with firmness and resolution. The eyes of all honest and good men are upon us : their hopes, their expectations of -peace and safety, under Heaven, are centred here. Let us not disappoint their hopes, but let us lay aside every prejudice ; let us suppress every passion and sentiment that can interfere with our country's welfare, and let us unite with one voice and one mouth, to save her from destruction.

" We have this day before us, the choice either of peace or war ; of happiness or misery, of freedom or slavery ; and surely we cannot hesitate a moment which to choose. By proceeding in a firm, but in a peaceable, loyal and constitutional manner, in the settlement of this unhappy difl^erence with our mother country, we cannot fail, I am convinced, of meeting with all desirable success. We shall by these means, undoubtedly, secure to ourselves a free constitution ; we shall have a line of government stretched out and ascertained, and we shall be restored to the favor and protection of the parent state, which, next to the favor of Heaven, will be our best and strongest safeguard and security.

By proceeding in a firm, but in a peaceable, loyal and constitutional manner, in the settlement of this unhappy difl^erence with our mother country, we cannot fail, I am convinced, of meeting with all desirable success. We shall by these means, undoubtedly, secure to ourselves a free constitution ; we shall have a line of government stretched out and ascertained, and we shall be restored to the favor and protection of the parent state, which, next to the favor of Heaven, will be our best and strongest safeguard and security. But if you listen to the dictates of violent and enthusiastic men, if you adopt the ill-judged, tyrannical, and destructive measures of the Congress, where will your miseries end 1 where, indeed, I cannot tell ; but from that moment you must date the cjmmencement of them; from that moment be assured your ruin is inevitable. Now is the critical moment of our fate ; we have it in our power to do the most essential good, or the most essential mischief to ourselves and our posterity. If we neglect this opportunity of promoting our common felicity, and of establishing our liberties upon a firm and lasting basis, we may, perhaps, never have another, and we shall repent of our fatal folly and infatuation, when too late to retrieve the mistake ; when the horrors and miseries of a civil war shall be increased, if possible, ten fold upon our heads, by the curses and execration of our distracted and deluded constituents ; when all orders and degrees of men shall, in the bitterness of their hearts, point us out as the authors of their ruin ; when we shall be obliged to submit to the laws of conquest, or the penalties of rebellion.

If we neglect this opportunity of promoting our common felicity, and of establishing our liberties upon a firm and lasting basis, we may, perhaps, never have another, and we shall repent of our fatal folly and infatuation, when too late to retrieve the mistake ; when the horrors and miseries of a civil war shall be increased, if possible, ten fold upon our heads, by the curses and execration of our distracted and deluded constituents ; when all orders and degrees of men shall, in the bitterness of their hearts, point us out as the authors of their ruin ; when we shall be obliged to submit to the laws of conquest, or the penalties of rebellion.

" I have now sir, delivered my sentiments freely and candidly upon the subject of our consideration. I have shown that the rise of our present disputes with Great Britain has been an unreasonable jealousy on our part, originating from an impolitic exertion of authority, on hers. I have proved that it is both our duty and interest, to cultivate the closest and most intimate union with her. I have shown that the authority of the British Parliament, which is the supreme Legislature of the empire, extends over these colonies, which are parts of that empire. I have shown the extreme danger of undue opposition to that authority, which, either by exerting itself against us, or giving us up to our own government, will equally involve us in misery and destruction. I have shown, that by a peaceable and loyal conduct, we may procure for

I have shown that the authority of the British Parliament, which is the supreme Legislature of the empire, extends over these colonies, which are parts of that empire. I have shown the extreme danger of undue opposition to that authority, which, either by exerting itself against us, or giving us up to our own government, will equally involve us in misery and destruction. I have shown, that by a peaceable and loyal conduct, we may procure for

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 249

ourselves, and perhaps for our sister colonies, a more perfect system of government than that which we had hi herto enjoyed, which was indeed better calculated for our infant stale, than for the present period of our present maturity, a period that requires, at the same time, more liberty and a stricter government I have, therefore, Mr. Speaker, nothing more to add, than that, if contrary to my hopes and my most ardent wishes ; if, contrary to the honor and dignity of this house; if, contrary to the dictates of humanity, and to the duty which we owe to our constituents and our country, you adopt the unjust and destructive measures of the congress, and by that means, involve our country in a civil war, the most dreadful calamity that can befall a people, I hereby declare my honest indignation to that measure, and now call Heaven and the house to witness, that I am guiltless of the blood of my fellow subjects that will be shed upon the occasion. I am guiltless of the ruin of my country.

Speaker, nothing more to add, than that, if contrary to my hopes and my most ardent wishes ; if, contrary to the honor and dignity of this house; if, contrary to the dictates of humanity, and to the duty which we owe to our constituents and our country, you adopt the unjust and destructive measures of the congress, and by that means, involve our country in a civil war, the most dreadful calamity that can befall a people, I hereby declare my honest indignation to that measure, and now call Heaven and the house to witness, that I am guiltless of the blood of my fellow subjects that will be shed upon the occasion. I am guiltless of the ruin of my country.

" Mr. AVilkins's zeal and extreme loyalty, rendered him very obnoxious to the whigs. Besides his prominent position in tlte Assembly, he gave utterance to his thoughts, in essays. It is a singular circumstance, that the youthful Hamilton, who was also born in llie AVest Indies, undertook the task of replying to two of his poetical effusions. One of these, The Congress Canvassed, &c., which was signed, A. W. Farmer, was extensively circulated, and with that called, A View of the Controversy between Great Britain and Iier Colonies," was burnt, " whenever they fell into the hands of those whose measures they criticised and condemned."

"A few months after the delivery of this speech, he abandoned the country and went to England. At the moment of his departure he issued the following address :

One of these, The Congress Canvassed, &c., which was signed, A. W. Farmer, was extensively circulated, and with that called, A View of the Controversy between Great Britain and Iier Colonies," was burnt, " whenever they fell into the hands of those whose measures they criticised and condemned."

"A few months after the delivery of this speech, he abandoned the country and went to England. At the moment of his departure he issued the following address :

New York, May 3, 1775.

Mv Countrymen :

Before I leave America, the land I love, and in which is contained everything that is valuable and dear to me : my wife, my children, my friends and property, permit me to make a short and faithful declaration, which 1 am induced to do, neither through fear nor a consciousness of having acted wrong. An honest man and a christian hath nothing to apprehend from this world. God is my judge, and God is my witness, that all I have done, written or said, in relation to the present unnatural dispute between Great Britain and her colonies, proceeded from an honest intention of serving my country; her welfare and prosperity were the objects toward which all my endeavors have been directed. They are still the sacred objects which I shall ever steadily and invariably keep in view ; and, when in England, all the influence

Vol. II. 32

250 HISTORY OF THE

that 60 inconsiderable a man as I am can have, shall be exerted in her behalf. It has been my constant maxim through life to do my duty conscientiously, and to trust the issue of my actions to the Almighty. May that God in whose hands are all events, speedily restore peace and liberty to my unhappy country. May Great Britain and America be soon united in the bonds of everlasting unity, and when united, may they continue a free, a virtuous and happy nation to the end of time.

that 60 inconsiderable a man as I am can have, shall be exerted in her behalf. It has been my constant maxim through life to do my duty conscientiously, and to trust the issue of my actions to the Almighty. May that God in whose hands are all events, speedily restore peace and liberty to my unhappy country. May Great Britain and America be soon united in the bonds of everlasting unity, and when united, may they continue a free, a virtuous and happy nation to the end of time. I leave America, and every endearing connection, because I will not raise my hand against my sovereign, nor will I draw my sword against my country, when I can conscientiously draw it in her favor. My life shall be cheerfully devoted to her service.

Isaac Wilkins.

Ill 1776, he relurned to Long Island, where he remained until the peace, when he returned to Shelburne, Nova Scotia. He remained in JNova Scotia several years, and lived a part of the time at Lunenbnrgh. About the year 18U0, he took up his residence in Westchester County, New York, and was settled over the Episcopal parish there. He continued in the ministry until his decease in 1830, at the age of 89, Doctor Wilkins married Isabella, sister of Lewis Morris, a signer of the Declaration of Independence, and of Gouverneur Morris, another distinguished whig. Their mother espoused the royal side, and reinained within the British lines. Their correspondence with her during hostilities occasioned suspicion, and caused them difficulty, notwithstanding their sacrifices and services. At the moment when Lewis voted in congress for indejjendence, British ships of war vvere lying within cannon shot of his house; and soon after, his manor of Morrisauia was desolated, his woodland of one thousand acres destroyed, and his family driven into exile.

He continued in the ministry until his decease in 1830, at the age of 89, Doctor Wilkins married Isabella, sister of Lewis Morris, a signer of the Declaration of Independence, and of Gouverneur Morris, another distinguished whig. Their mother espoused the royal side, and reinained within the British lines. Their correspondence with her during hostilities occasioned suspicion, and caused them difficulty, notwithstanding their sacrifices and services. At the moment when Lewis voted in congress for indejjendence, British ships of war vvere lying within cannon shot of his house; and soon after, his manor of Morrisauia was desolated, his woodland of one thousand acres destroyed, and his family driven into exile. Three of the sons of Lewis served in the whig army. Staats, brother of Lewis and Gouverneur, was an officer in the royal service, became a member of parliament, and a lieutenant general. Thus was the Morris family divided. Doctor Wilkins has a son in Nova Scotia, who bears the name of his uncle Lewis Morris, and who has obtained distinction. He was elected a member of the house of Assembly, about the time of his father's return to the United States ; and when in 1806, William Cottam Longe, Esq., who was elected speaker, was disallowed by the governor, Lewis Morris Wilkins was chosen in his place, and approved of, and occupied the chair, by subsequent election, until 1817, when he

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 251

was removed, to be placed on the bench of the supreme court of tlie colony. Judge Wilkius resides at Windsor."^

He was elected a member of the house of Assembly, about the time of his father's return to the United States ; and when in 1806, William Cottam Longe, Esq., who was elected speaker, was disallowed by the governor, Lewis Morris Wilkins was chosen in his place, and approved of, and occupied the chair, by subsequent election, until 1817, when he

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 251

was removed, to be placed on the bench of the supreme court of tlie colony. Judge Wilkius resides at Windsor."^

The present residence of Mr. Gouvernenr M. Wilkins is seated on the brow of a hill, near the extremity of the neck, and commands an almost uninterrupted view of the river with the adjacent shores. The interior contains some good paintings, particularly a view on the Arno, by Cole, and a portrait of Martin Wilkins, Esq., by Rogers, &c., also a beautiful white marble bust of Washington, by Garacchi, and an Apollo by Tantenovi. The old family mansion, which stands on the side of the neck is now converted into a farm house. Here in 1776 three of the clergy managed to secrete themselves for some time, notwithstanding the most minute and persevering search was made for them, so ingeniously contrived was the place of their concealment in and about the old fashioned chimney. Food was conveyed to them through a trap door in the floor. Tne front of the house is shaded by two of the largest and finest elm trees in the County. Cornell's or Clason's neck, which is pleasantly situated in the south-west corner of the town, contains about five hundred and fifty acres. We have seen that Thomas Cornell, from whom it was originally named, became possessed of the neck through the Dutch, who purchased of the Indiaiis.i' Near the entrance to the neck, are the mansions of Mrs.

Tne front of the house is shaded by two of the largest and finest elm trees in the County. Cornell's or Clason's neck, which is pleasantly situated in the south-west corner of the town, contains about five hundred and fifty acres. We have seen that Thomas Cornell, from whom it was originally named, became possessed of the neck through the Dutch, who purchased of the Indiaiis.i' Near the entrance to the neck, are the mansions of Mrs. Ludlow, and of her son, Henry Ludlow, Esq.

The site of the old Willett homestead is now occupied by the residence of Mrs. Clason.^ On the extreme point of the neck stands that of Augustus Clason, Esq.

About three miles from the mouth of the Bronx, and directly opposite to the village of West Farms, is the mill seat and property of Philip M. Lydig, Esq., formerly called l)e Lancey's mills. Here it is probable that Jonas Rronck^ erected a mill and laid out a plantation as early as 1639. Upon the 16th of August, 1680, the town of Westchester did give and grant unto

» TiOrenzo Sabine's Biographical Sketches of Araericaa I^oyalists.

b See page 156.

c On the north side of this house we noticed a beautiful specimen of the Hycene Wisteria, which is said to be indigenous to the neck.

d From tiiis individual the river derives its nam.e. Town Rec. lib. jv. 57. Bee, of Trustees, pages 88, 89.

252 HISTORY OF THE

William Richardson and his associates the privilege of tlie stream of Broncks's river, to set up two mills, viz., one saw and a corn mill, upon certain conditions specified in the conveyance.* On the 2nd of April, 17] I, Tryntje Byvanck, widow of Evert ByviUick, granted to William Provost four Qiiills, to wit, three grist mills and one saw mill, situate in the township of Westchester, and all rights and privileges appertaining thereto, &c. ; also a certain privilege granted by lite freeholders of Westchester of the stream of Broncks^s river, l^c, ^'c.

William Richardson and his associates the privilege of tlie stream of Broncks's river, to set up two mills, viz., one saw and a corn mill, upon certain conditions specified in the conveyance.* On the 2nd of April, 17] I, Tryntje Byvanck, widow of Evert ByviUick, granted to William Provost four Qiiills, to wit, three grist mills and one saw mill, situate in the township of Westchester, and all rights and privileges appertaining thereto, &c. ; also a certain privilege granted by lite freeholders of Westchester of the stream of Broncks^s river, l^c, ^'c. From the Provosts, this property was purchased by Stephen de Lancey, Esq., in whose will, made the 4lh of March, 1735, occurs the following item :

" I do hereby give, devise, and bequeath unto my son Peter, and to his heirs, all my mills, mill liouse, mill boat, farm and land, and all and every the aj^purtenances thereunto belonging, situate and being in the County of Westchester, upon Broncks's river, lately known as the mills of William Richardson, to have and to hold unto my son Peter, and to his heirs and assignees forever." i'

" James de Lancey, <= the eldest son of the above testator, was chief justice and lieutenant governor of the province of New York. He married Anne, eldest daughter of Col. Caleb Heathcote, and left James, Stephen, John Peter,"! Marin, Anne and Susan. James, the first of these, was educated at Corpus Christi college, Cambridge, England, iu which college his father had been educated before him. On quitting college, he entered the army, rising to the rank of captain. In the unfortunate campaign against Ticonderoga, he was an aid of Abercrombie's. When his father died, or shortly after. Captain de Lancey sold out, inheriting the principal (States of his family. He married Margaret, a daughter of Chief Justice Allen of Pennsylvania, whose other daughter Anne married John Penn, grandson of William Penn, the founder of Pennsylvania.

James, the first of these, was educated at Corpus Christi college, Cambridge, England, iu which college his father had been educated before him. On quitting college, he entered the army, rising to the rank of captain. In the unfortunate campaign against Ticonderoga, he was an aid of Abercrombie's. When his father died, or shortly after. Captain de Lancey sold out, inheriting the principal (States of his family. He married Margaret, a daughter of Chief Justice Allen of Pennsylvania, whose other daughter Anne married John Penn, grandson of William Penn, the founder of Pennsylvania.

Early in the Revolution, Capt. James de Lancey went to England. Eventually he established himself at Bath." This gentleman, (and not his cousin, Lt. Col. James, as Mr. Sabine supposes,)

» See vol. i. 298. c See vol. i. 297.

fc Surrogate's Office, N. Y. lib. xiv. 91. ^ Ibid. 299.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 253

''at the close of the war, and at the formation of iho loyalist agency for presenting claims for compensation, was ippointed agent for New York, and became vice president of the heard His own Irsses were large and difficult of adjnstment, and occupied the attention of the commissioners for some days. Excepting Sir William Pepperell," Captain James "de liancey appears ^ iw i been the most active member of the agency."=^ " Five of the children of Capt. James de Lancey and Margaret grew up, viz., two sons and three daughters. Charles, the eldest son, was in the British navy, and died a bachelor. James, late Lt. Col. 1st Dragoon Guards, is living, also a bachelor. Two of the d ui-j-hters, Anne and Susan, are single, and slill living; while Margaret married the present Sir Juckes Granville Clifton, Bart., and died early, childless."

Excepting Sir William Pepperell," Captain James "de liancey appears ^ iw i been the most active member of the agency."=^ " Five of the children of Capt. James de Lancey and Margaret grew up, viz., two sons and three daughters. Charles, the eldest son, was in the British navy, and died a bachelor. James, late Lt. Col. 1st Dragoon Guards, is living, also a bachelor. Two of the d ui-j-hters, Anne and Susan, are single, and slill living; while Margaret married the present Sir Juckes Granville Clifton, Bart., and died early, childless."

The second son of Stephen de Lancey, the Huguenot, was Brigadier General Oliver de Lancey. Sabine, in his sketches of American Loyalists, states that, "at the period of the French war, Oliver de Lancey occupied a commanding position, aid perhaps he did not overrate his personal influence when he said, that if in the expedition against Crown Point, he "should accept the command of the New York regiment, he could in ten days raise the whole quota of troops allotted to that colony." This standing he maintained after his brother's death, and until the Revolution. "He opposed the dismemberment of the empire, and put his life and property at stake to prevent it. In 177(5, he was appointed a brigadier general in the royal service. Skinner, of New Jersey, Brown, a former governor of the Bahamas, Arnold, the apostate, and Cunningham, of South Carolina, were of the same grade, but their commissions were of later date. Gen. de Lancey was, therefore, the senior loyalist officer in commission during the contest. His command consisted of three battalions, known as De Lancey's battalions."

"He opposed the dismemberment of the empire, and put his life and property at stake to prevent it. In 177(5, he was appointed a brigadier general in the royal service. Skinner, of New Jersey, Brown, a former governor of the Bahamas, Arnold, the apostate, and Cunningham, of South Carolina, were of the same grade, but their commissions were of later date. Gen. de Lancey was, therefore, the senior loyalist officer in commission during the contest. His command consisted of three battalions, known as De Lancey's battalions."

" Previous to the Revolution, Gen. De Lancey was a member of the Council, and was considered to be in office in 1782, though a constitution was formed in New York in 1777, and a government organized under ir. By this government he was attainted

a Sabine's Sketches of American Loyalists.

254 • HISTORY OF THE

of treason, and his large property confiscated." ''At the evacuation in 1783, he went to England, and died at Beverly, Yorkshire in 1785, aged sixty-eight. His body is interred in the choir of the Minster, while a mouument standing near the transept records his services." "His son, Oliver de Lancey, jr., was educated in Europe; put early in the 17th Light Dragoons; was a captain at the commencement of the Revokition ; became Major in 1776, a Lieutenant Colonel a year or two later, and succeeded Andre as Adjutant General of the British army in America. On his return to Europe, he was made Deputy Adjutant General of England ; as a Major General he got the Colonelcy of the 17th Light Dragoons ; was subsequently made Barrack Master General of the British empire ; rose through the grade of Lieutenant General to that of General, and died, some six or eight and twenty years since, nearly at the head of the English Army list.

His body is interred in the choir of the Minster, while a mouument standing near the transept records his services." "His son, Oliver de Lancey, jr., was educated in Europe; put early in the 17th Light Dragoons; was a captain at the commencement of the Revokition ; became Major in 1776, a Lieutenant Colonel a year or two later, and succeeded Andre as Adjutant General of the British army in America. On his return to Europe, he was made Deputy Adjutant General of England ; as a Major General he got the Colonelcy of the 17th Light Dragoons ; was subsequently made Barrack Master General of the British empire ; rose through the grade of Lieutenant General to that of General, and died, some six or eight and twenty years since, nearly at the head of the English Army list. This branch of the family is now extinct in the male line ; its last man having been killed at Waterloo, in the person of Sir William Heathcote de Lancey, the (iuarter-master General of Wellington's army."

Peter de Lancey, youngest son of the Huguenot, to whom his father devised the mills, was a man of wealth and of considerable influence in the colony. His wife was Alice, daughter of Cadwallader Golden, lieutenant governor of the Province of New York in 1761. His children were John, father of Mrs. Yates, relict of Governor Yates, and Lt. Col. James de Lancey, a distinguished military officer. " James was for a considerable time sheriff of Westchester county. He took a battalion in the brigade of his uncle Oliver de Lancey, called the Loyalist Rangers,b or De

Peter de Lancey, youngest son of the Huguenot, to whom his father devised the mills, was a man of wealth and of considerable influence in the colony. His wife was Alice, daughter of Cadwallader Golden, lieutenant governor of the Province of New York in 1761. His children were John, father of Mrs. Yates, relict of Governor Yates, and Lt. Col. James de Lancey, a distinguished military officer. " James was for a considerable time sheriff of Westchester county. He took a battalion in the brigade of his uncle Oliver de Lancey, called the Loyalist Rangers,b or De

a The command of the Loyalist Rangers afforded Colonel de Lancey facilities for communicating with his old associates in this section of country, and was the means of inducing some of the landed gentry to take an active part in the contest. This was particularly the case with Samuel Kip, Esq., of a family which from the first settlement by the Dutch had possessed a grant of land at Kip's Bay, and in other parts of New York island- Members of this family were named as officers under the Crown in the royal charter granted when the British first took possession of the colony in 1664, and in that given thirty years later. Having been always associated with the government, and from their landed interest wielding an influence in its affairs, they were naturally predisposed to espouse th'i royal cause. In addition to this, Mr. Kip's estate was near that of Col. de Lancey, and a close intimacy had always existed between them. He was, therefore, easily induced to accept a cap»

This was particularly the case with Samuel Kip, Esq., of a family which from the first settlement by the Dutch had possessed a grant of land at Kip's Bay, and in other parts of New York island- Members of this family were named as officers under the Crown in the royal charter granted when the British first took possession of the colony in 1664, and in that given thirty years later. Having been always associated with the government, and from their landed interest wielding an influence in its affairs, they were naturally predisposed to espouse th'i royal cause. In addition to this, Mr. Kip's estate was near that of Col. de Lancey, and a close intimacy had always existed between them. He was, therefore, easily induced to accept a cap»

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 255

Lancey's Horse. In consequence of his familiarity with the county, Lt. Col. James de Lancey was stationed much of his time in Westchester, to keep open the means of procuring supplies. His corps made free with the cattle of that part of the country, and got the soubriquet of" Cow Boys," in revenge for their knowledge in the article of beef." The colonel finally fixed his residence in Nova Scotia, and in 1797, was sworn in as a member of the council of that colony. He died at Annapolis, N. S., about the year 1809. Martha Tippett, his widow, also died there in 1827, aged 73, and where his sons are still living. Oliver de Lancey, third son of Peter and Alice, threw up his commission in the Briiish service at the commencement of the Revolutionary war. His children are resident in the town. Peter, the fourth son, and Lt. Col. Warren de Lancey, besides four daughters. a

His corps made free with the cattle of that part of the country, and got the soubriquet of" Cow Boys," in revenge for their knowledge in the article of beef." The colonel finally fixed his residence in Nova Scotia, and in 1797, was sworn in as a member of the council of that colony. He died at Annapolis, N. S., about the year 1809. Martha Tippett, his widow, also died there in 1827, aged 73, and where his sons are still living. Oliver de Lancey, third son of Peter and Alice, threw up his commission in the Briiish service at the commencement of the Revolutionary war. His children are resident in the town. Peter, the fourth son, and Lt. Col. Warren de Lancey, besides four daughters. a

By an indenture bearing date the 21)th of July, 1774. the trustees of Westchester for divers considerations, sold to James and Oliver de Lancey, and their heirs and assignees, the ground under the water of Broncks's river, and all such lands as had been granted or appointed by the town, for the use of the mills, (fee* The present proprietor, Philip M. Lydig, Esq., holds by conveyance from under Oliver de Lancey, Esq. The dwelling house which once served as the head-quarters of Washington, was destroyed by fire a h\v years since.

The grounds, which display all the elegance of modern gardening, rise in a succession of terraces from the water's edge. Near the old mansion stands a majestic pine tree, a noble relic of

By an indenture bearing date the 21)th of July, 1774. the trustees of Westchester for divers considerations, sold to James and Oliver de Lancey, and their heirs and assignees, the ground under the water of Broncks's river, and all such lands as had been granted or appointed by the town, for the use of the mills, (fee* The present proprietor, Philip M. Lydig, Esq., holds by conveyance from under Oliver de Lancey, Esq. The dwelling house which once served as the head-quarters of Washington, was destroyed by fire a h\v years since.

The grounds, which display all the elegance of modern gardening, rise in a succession of terraces from the water's edge. Near the old mansion stands a majestic pine tree, a noble relic of

tain's commission from the royal government and embark all his interests in this contest. He raised a company of cavalry, principally from his own tenants, joined the British army with the colonel, and from his intimate knowledge of the country was enabled to gain the reputation of an active and daring partisan officer. For this reason he was for a time assigned to a command in the Loyalist Rangers. In one of the severe skirmishes which took place in Westchester county in 1781, Capt. Kip, while charging a body of American troops, had his horse killed under him, and received a severe bayonet wound. He survived, however, several years after the war, though, like his friend De Lancey, a heavy pecuniary sufferer from the cause he had espoused.

For this reason he was for a time assigned to a command in the Loyalist Rangers. In one of the severe skirmishes which took place in Westchester county in 1781, Capt. Kip, while charging a body of American troops, had his horse killed under him, and received a severe bayonet wound. He survived, however, several years after the war, though, like his friend De Lancey, a heavy pecuniary sufferer from the cause he had espoused.

a For many of the above particulars we are indebted to Mr. Cooper's correspondence in the Home Journal of 1848.

b Rec. of Trustees, pp. 88, 89.

256 HISTORY OF THE

the past. " The following appropriate lines were written by a gentleman, after a visit paid to tliis beantifnl spot, the former residence of the De Lancey family.

De Lancey Mills, Westchester, the headquarters of Lt. Col. Jaineh de Lancey. From the original picture in the possession of Dr. Bayard of West Farms.

^ . ■ De Lancey's Ancient Pine.

,,. Where gentle Bronx clear winding flows,

, . ;. The shadowy banks between,

. ■ .- Where blossomed bell or wilding rose

. ■ Adorns the brightest green : ... ' - "■• : ^

"' ' ■*- Memorial of the fallen great, ' , ■ - .

.' ■■ '. The rich and honoured line, - • "' - ■ . -

" •'. . ". Stands high in solitary state, •■ : -' v> .■ "•;' ..,•' - De Lancey's ancient pine.

The shadowy banks between,

. ■ .- Where blossomed bell or wilding rose

. ■ Adorns the brightest green : ... ' - "■• : ^

"' ' ■*- Memorial of the fallen great, ' , ■ - .

.' ■■ '. The rich and honoured line, - • "' - ■ . -

" •'. . ". Stands high in solitary state, •■ : -' v> .■ "•;' ..,•' - De Lancey's ancient pine.

■_■-■ There once at early dawn arrayed

"- . The rural sport to lead,

. ..' The gallant master of the glade, Bedecked his eager steed.

' 7 •_ '. ' And once the lightfoot maiden came

■•--,-. • , ." In loveliness divine,

• ^ . ' To sculpture with the dearest name,

■ ^ De Lancey's ancient pine.

' ^ -' But now the stranger's foot explores

- "■ . • • • De Lancey's wide domain,

' And scarce one kindred heart restores,

' His memory to the plain :

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 257

And just like one in age alone, The list of all his line, Bends sadly where the waters moan, De Lancey's ancient pine.

Oh, victim of misguided zeal

To tell thy former fame !

Who bids the fretted stone reveal

The numbers of thy name 1

Ere brightening up the eastern sky

Another morn shall shine,

In equalizing dust may lie

De Lancey's ancient pine. .

Wo ho ! the satiate traveller stays Where eve's calm glories shine. To weep as tells of other days, De Lancey's ancient pine.

And just like one in age alone, The list of all his line, Bends sadly where the waters moan, De Lancey's ancient pine.

Oh, victim of misguided zeal

To tell thy former fame !

Who bids the fretted stone reveal

The numbers of thy name 1

Ere brightening up the eastern sky

Another morn shall shine,

In equalizing dust may lie

De Lancey's ancient pine. .

Wo ho ! the satiate traveller stays Where eve's calm glories shine. To weep as tells of other days, De Lancey's ancient pine.

At a short distance fro:n Lydig's mills, on the property of Mr. Leonard Mapes, may be seen the ruins of an old chateau, since the residence of Lewis H. Guerlain. The following inscription upon a marble monument liard by, so touching! y records the history of its former inmates, that any further account would be needless. A. D. 1798, sacred to the memory of virtue, merit and beauty; to Sarah Guerlain, the beloved consort of Lewis H. Guerlain.

Alas ! 'tis in vain ! the spirit has fled I

Sarah has sunk in the tomb,

The beauty of nature lies mix'd with the dead

Gods ! how severe is the doom :

As a delicate lily that blows in the vale,

That springs to perfection and dies.

So she bloomed, and then sickened; but, shall we bewaill

The grave of the pure is the path to the skies.

Eternity how long !

In 1798, 7th March, Sarah died in the West Indies, in the 20th year of her age, in the passage from St. Croix to St. Christopher's and was brought back by her disconsolate husband to this peaceful mansion, the place of their union, the 4lh of October, 1795,

That springs to perfection and dies.

So she bloomed, and then sickened; but, shall we bewaill

The grave of the pure is the path to the skies.

Eternity how long !

In 1798, 7th March, Sarah died in the West Indies, in the 20th year of her age, in the passage from St. Croix to St. Christopher's and was brought back by her disconsolate husband to this peaceful mansion, the place of their union, the 4lh of October, 1795,

Life how short ! Vol. II. 33

258- "... HISTORY OF THE

Immediately north of the village of West Farms, lies Bronx dale, the sides of which present a most romantic appearance. In this neighborhood, is a small settlement, containing two public houses, two stores and about twenty dwellings, also the extensive bleach factory of Mr, James Bolton, and the snuff mill? of Mr. Peter Lorillard. The beautiful seat of the latter gentleman is rendered particularly attractive, from the contiguity of over hanging woods, and its due vicinity to the river. The low ground east of Bronx dale, is called Bear swamp. The general "surface of Westchester is rolling, and in some places hilly; soil, clay loam, mostly susceptible of high cultivation." " The lands produce all kinds of grain, but they are best adapted to grass and pasturage. Almost every variety of fruit trees flourish here. The principal growth of wood is oak of all sorts, chesnut and hickory, &c. It is freely watered in every part by springs and rivulets," . : ,

The low ground east of Bronx dale, is called Bear swamp. The general "surface of Westchester is rolling, and in some places hilly; soil, clay loam, mostly susceptible of high cultivation." " The lands produce all kinds of grain, but they are best adapted to grass and pasturage. Almost every variety of fruit trees flourish here. The principal growth of wood is oak of all sorts, chesnut and hickory, &c. It is freely watered in every part by springs and rivulets," . : ,

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

WEST FARMS.

Tins township which is situated at the south west extremity of the county, was separated fiom the ancient town of Westchester ;a and, incorporated on the 13ih of May, 1S46,1j by an act of the legislature. It is bounded on the north by Yonkers, east by the Bronx, south by the East river, and west by the Harlem river, or county of New- York. It is distant sixteen miles south of the village of White Plains, and about one hundred and forty-one miles from Albany. " Kings bridge, across Harlem river, is just within the line, at the north-west corner of this town."

Our intention is to take up separately the three former divisions of the present town, viz., West Farms, Morrisania and Fordham.

From the following patent, it appears that the proprietors of the lands subsequently called the West Far?7is, in 1666, were Edwiird Jessup and John Richardson, of Westchester.

PATENT OP WEST FARMS.

" Richard Nicolls, Esq., governor general under las royal highness, James Duke of York and Albany, &.c. &c., ofall his terriloryes in America, to all to whom these presents shall come, sendeth greeting : whereas, there is a cer-

Our intention is to take up separately the three former divisions of the present town, viz., West Farms, Morrisania and Fordham.

From the following patent, it appears that the proprietors of the lands subsequently called the West Far?7is, in 1666, were Edwiird Jessup and John Richardson, of Westchester.

PATENT OP WEST FARMS.

" Richard Nicolls, Esq., governor general under las royal highness, James Duke of York and Albany, &.c. &c., ofall his terriloryes in America, to all to whom these presents shall come, sendeth greeting : whereas, there is a cer-

Westchester prior to the division embraced an area of twenty sqaure miles. Laws of N. Y. 69, sess. 1846.

20(5* HISTORY OF THE

tain tract or parcel of land within this government, situate, lying and being neare unto and within the limits of the towne of Westehesiei. Upon ye maine being bounded to the east by the river commonly called by the Indians Aquehung, otherwise Broncke river, extending to the midst of said river to the norih, by the mark't trees and by a piece of hassock meadow, westwardly a little brook called by the natives Sackwrahimg, and southward by the Sound or East river, including within a certain neck of land called Quiimahung, which said parcel or tract and neck of land with the appurtenances, together with commonage and liberty for range of horses and cattle, as free as they please into the woods, hath heretofore been jointly purchased of the Indyan proprietors by Edward Jessup and J(din Richardson of Westchester al^oresaid, and due satisfaction hath ye then been given for the same, as by the deed remaining upon record, more at large doth and may appear, now it being mutually agreed upon ye both the aforesaid purchasers, that an equal division shall be made of the said parcel or tract of land and appurtenances between them the said Edward Jessup and John Richardson, their heirs and assigns, and to the end that the said lands may be better manured and planted for a further confirmation unto each and either of them, in their possession and enjoyment of the premises.

Upon ye maine being bounded to the east by the river commonly called by the Indians Aquehung, otherwise Broncke river, extending to the midst of said river to the norih, by the mark't trees and by a piece of hassock meadow, westwardly a little brook called by the natives Sackwrahimg, and southward by the Sound or East river, including within a certain neck of land called Quiimahung, which said parcel or tract and neck of land with the appurtenances, together with commonage and liberty for range of horses and cattle, as free as they please into the woods, hath heretofore been jointly purchased of the Indyan proprietors by Edward Jessup and J(din Richardson of Westchester al^oresaid, and due satisfaction hath ye then been given for the same, as by the deed remaining upon record, more at large doth and may appear, now it being mutually agreed upon ye both the aforesaid purchasers, that an equal division shall be made of the said parcel or tract of land and appurtenances between them the said Edward Jessup and John Richardson, their heirs and assigns, and to the end that the said lands may be better manured and planted for a further confirmation unto each and either of them, in their possession and enjoyment of the premises. Know ye, that by virtue of the commission and authority unto me given by his royal highness, I have ratified, confirmed and granted, and by these presents do ratify, confirm and grant, unto John Richardson aforesaid, his heirs and assigns, the moiety or one-half of the aforesaid parcel or tract of land and premises, together with the moiety or one-half of all the woods, meadows, pastures, waters, commonage, inarshes, rivers or lakes thereunto belonging, within their and every of them, appurtenances and every part and parcel thereof, to have and to hold their said moiety, or one-half of the said parcel or tract of land, commonage and premises, whh all and singular the appurtenances to the said John Richardson, his heirs and assigns, unto the proper use and behoof of the said John Richardson, his heirs and assigns forever, he or they rendering and paying such duties and acknowledgments as now are or hereafter shall be constituted and established by the laws of lliis government, under the obedience of his royal highness, his heirs and successors, given under my hand and sea! at Fort James in New York, on the island of Manhattoes, 25lh day of April, in the eighteenth year of his majesties reign, A.

Know ye, that by virtue of the commission and authority unto me given by his royal highness, I have ratified, confirmed and granted, and by these presents do ratify, confirm and grant, unto John Richardson aforesaid, his heirs and assigns, the moiety or one-half of the aforesaid parcel or tract of land and premises, together with the moiety or one-half of all the woods, meadows, pastures, waters, commonage, inarshes, rivers or lakes thereunto belonging, within their and every of them, appurtenances and every part and parcel thereof, to have and to hold their said moiety, or one-half of the said parcel or tract of land, commonage and premises, whh all and singular the appurtenances to the said John Richardson, his heirs and assigns, unto the proper use and behoof of the said John Richardson, his heirs and assigns forever, he or they rendering and paying such duties and acknowledgments as now are or hereafter shall be constituted and established by the laws of lliis government, under the obedience of his royal highness, his heirs and successors, given under my hand and sea! at Fort James in New York, on the island of Manhattoes, 25lh day of April, in the eighteenth year of his majesties reign, A. D. 1666."

Richard Nicolls.

Edward Jessup one of the above patentees, like most of the original settlers of Westchester, emigrated from Fairfield, Connecticut, in 1653, occurs the name of Edward Jessope, owner of lands on Sascoe neck in that town. By his wife Elizabeth Bridges, he left issue a son, Edward, and two daughters. Elizabeth married Thomas Hunt, of the Grove faim, Westchester,

D. 1666."

Richard Nicolls.

Edward Jessup one of the above patentees, like most of the original settlers of Westchester, emigrated from Fairfield, Connecticut, in 1653, occurs the name of Edward Jessope, owner of lands on Sascoe neck in that town. By his wife Elizabeth Bridges, he left issue a son, Edward, and two daughters. Elizabeth married Thomas Hunt, of the Grove faim, Westchester,

{

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 261

from whom the Hunts of Hunt's point descend. Edward Jessup died in 10G6 ; his will bears date the same year. - '

The last Will and Testament of Edward Jessup.

" Being sicke and weake in body, yet in perfect mennory, I bequeath my soule to ye Almighty God that gave it, and my body after my death to be decently buried, my funeral to he discharged and my debis to be paid. I will and bequeath to my daughter Elizabeth Hunt, twenty shillings, besides which, I have already given her to be paid in a year and a day alter my decease. I will and bequeath unto my daughter Hannah Jessup, the sum of five and thirty pounds with that she hath already, to be payed unto her at 18 years of age.

I will and bequeath unto my sonne Edward Jessup, two mares with two colts by their sides, one is a gray mare, and the other is a mare marked on both ears with two half pence on each ear, to bee set out for hiin for his use a year and a day after my decease.

I will and bequeath unto my daughter Hannah Jessup, the sum of five and thirty pounds with that she hath already, to be payed unto her at 18 years of age.

I will and bequeath unto my sonne Edward Jessup, two mares with two colts by their sides, one is a gray mare, and the other is a mare marked on both ears with two half pence on each ear, to bee set out for hiin for his use a year and a day after my decease.

I will and bequeath unto my grandchild Mary Hunt, twenty shillings, to bee payd in a year and a day after my decease. I will and bequeath unto my cousin Johannah Burroughs, twenty shillings, to bee payed in a year and a day after my decease.

Furthermore, I institute and appoint my well beloved wife, Elizabeth Jessup, to bee whole and sole executrix, and I do will and bequeath unto her, all my lands and houses, and goods and cattle, moveable and immovable, of this my last will and testament, and to receive all debts, dues and demands whatsoever, to be at her disposing, and she to pay all debts, dues and legacies whatsoever, and she to bring up my two children in the feare of God. This I do owne to be my last will and testament.

Further, I do appoint my well beloved friends Mr. Richard Cornhill, justice of the peace, Mrs. Sarah Bridges, my well beloved brother-in law, John Burroughs, and Ralph Hunt, overseers of this my last will and testament, likewise to be assistants to my executrix in all cases and difficulties, and this I do owne as my owne act and deed, to all true intents and meanings, and doe furthermore ratify and confirm it as my owne act and deed by ye settin'^ to my hand and seal, the day and year underwritten.

Sarah Bridges, my well beloved brother-in law, John Burroughs, and Ralph Hunt, overseers of this my last will and testament, likewise to be assistants to my executrix in all cases and difficulties, and this I do owne as my owne act and deed, to all true intents and meanings, and doe furthermore ratify and confirm it as my owne act and deed by ye settin'^ to my hand and seal, the day and year underwritten.

August the IGth, 1666.

P^DWiKD Jessup.

Signed, sealed and delivered in the presence of us, witnesses, WilFm Gouldstone, John Richardson, mark of Richard Horton. ><I

Upon the 20lh of June, 1608, Robert Beacham and Elizabeth

262 HISTORY OF THE

the wife formerly of Edward Jessiip of Westchester, in the North Riding of Yorkshire, on Long Island, did fully and absolutely sell and " make over unto Thomas Hunt of Westchester aforesaid all those hoeing lands and accommodations that were formerly Edward Jessup's, within the bounds and limits of the aforesaid Westchester, that the said Edward Jessup and John Richardson purchased together and procured patents for from the Hon. Col. Richard Nicolls," &c.

John Richardson, the surviving patentee, appears lo have united with Thomas Hunt the following year in making an equal division of these lands, for on the 12th of August, 1669, occurs the following report of the commissioners.

'• We whose names are underwritten being made choice of by John Richardson and Thomas Hunt, bothe inhabiting in Westchester, in the North Riding of Yorkshire, to mal.e an equal division of a grant of land formerly purchased of the Indian proprietors by Edward Jessup and John Richardson, being butted and bounded by patent I say all those uplands and meadows within that purchase, save some upland and meadows, which was formerly divided by the forementioned persons, Edward Jessup and John Richardson, have been committed unto us, William Hayden, Samuel Drake, Thomas Lawrence and Jonathan Hazard, to make an equal division, &c., &c.

'• We whose names are underwritten being made choice of by John Richardson and Thomas Hunt, bothe inhabiting in Westchester, in the North Riding of Yorkshire, to mal.e an equal division of a grant of land formerly purchased of the Indian proprietors by Edward Jessup and John Richardson, being butted and bounded by patent I say all those uplands and meadows within that purchase, save some upland and meadows, which was formerly divided by the forementioned persons, Edward Jessup and John Richardson, have been committed unto us, William Hayden, Samuel Drake, Thomas Lawrence and Jonathan Hazard, to make an equal division, &c., &c. As first we find it necessary that John Richardson, having tvi'enty acres of upland and meadow more or less, lying on the southermost poynt of the cvrne field neck, which tract of land is a district of itself by a divisional line running west and by north east and by south, and all the rest of the upland both in that neck and a little neck adjoining to it, is Thomas Hunt's, with highways laid out, and into the above said neck north to upland and meadows, w-ilh marks renewed between the meadows and the upland, beginning at a white oak, which is the divisional line between Thomas Hunt and John Richardson, which line runneth from the white oak to the water east and by north, and all the meadow lying along between the water and the marked trees is John Richardson's, until you meet another divisional line that bears west and by north and east and by south, which line runs at the old highway, and all the rest of the meadows within the neck to be Thomas Hunt's, for and in consideration John Richardson hath all the Long neck lying upon the south end of the dwelling houses of John Richardson and Thomas Hunt, all the above said neck within fence, and further we have laid out unto Thomas Hunt a tract of upland lying near his house containing sixteen acres and forty-five rods, stretching from the creek north northwest and south south-west to a great burnt stump, from thence west southwest to a creek, and from the creek south south-east, &c., &c."

As first we find it necessary that John Richardson, having tvi'enty acres of upland and meadow more or less, lying on the southermost poynt of the cvrne field neck, which tract of land is a district of itself by a divisional line running west and by north east and by south, and all the rest of the upland both in that neck and a little neck adjoining to it, is Thomas Hunt's, with highways laid out, and into the above said neck north to upland and meadows, w-ilh marks renewed between the meadows and the upland, beginning at a white oak, which is the divisional line between Thomas Hunt and John Richardson, which line runneth from the white oak to the water east and by north, and all the meadow lying along between the water and the marked trees is John Richardson's, until you meet another divisional line that bears west and by north and east and by south, which line runs at the old highway, and all the rest of the meadows within the neck to be Thomas Hunt's, for and in consideration John Richardson hath all the Long neck lying upon the south end of the dwelling houses of John Richardson and Thomas Hunt, all the above said neck within fence, and further we have laid out unto Thomas Hunt a tract of upland lying near his house containing sixteen acres and forty-five rods, stretching from the creek north northwest and south south-west to a great burnt stump, from thence west southwest to a creek, and from the creek south south-east, &c., &c."

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 263

The three daughters and co-heiresses of John Richardson were Bethia, wife of Joseph Ketchani of Newton, Long Island, Mary, wife of Josepli Hadley of Yonkers, and Elizabeth, wife of Gabriel Leggett, from whom descend the Leggetts of West Farms. His last will bears date 16th November, 1679. In it he bequeaths " to his beloved wife, Martha, all his housing and orchard, and all moveables without and within, and all live stock, also all his land and meadow on the jdunting neck, and all the Long neck that runs southward from Thomas Hunt's new dwelling house to the Sound, and this during her life to act and dispose as she shall see cause."

"To his son-in-law, Joseph Hadley, a pasture of three acres already laid out, (fcc, at or about the first spring, and all the meadow that is already divided, that is on this side the river above ye planting necky " To his three daughters two hundred acres of land each ;" "and to his brother's son, in England, Joseph Richardson, one hundred acres, if he come within the space of one whole year to receive it, and if he come not within the time prefixed it shall remain in Martha my wife's hands." "In conclusion, he constitutes and appoints his well beloved friends, William Richardson and Richard Ponton, both of Westchester, and Jonathan Hayward of Newtown, Long Island, overseers of his last will and testament, and that it is his whole will and testament after his decease, he witnesses it under his own hand the 16th day of November, 1679."

"To his son-in-law, Joseph Hadley, a pasture of three acres already laid out, (fcc, at or about the first spring, and all the meadow that is already divided, that is on this side the river above ye planting necky " To his three daughters two hundred acres of land each ;" "and to his brother's son, in England, Joseph Richardson, one hundred acres, if he come within the space of one whole year to receive it, and if he come not within the time prefixed it shall remain in Martha my wife's hands." "In conclusion, he constitutes and appoints his well beloved friends, William Richardson and Richard Ponton, both of Westchester, and Jonathan Hayward of Newtown, Long Island, overseers of his last will and testament, and that it is his whole will and testament after his decease, he witnesses it under his own hand the 16th day of November, 1679."

Signed John Richardson.

Upon the 12th of January, 16S6, Governor Thomas Dongan granted a jyatent to Thomas Hunt, sen., for all his land bounded on the east by the river Aquehung or Bronx, extending to the midst of the said river, on the north by certain marked trees and a piece of hammock, and on the west by a certain brook called Sackrahung, for the value of one bushel of good winter wheat."*

The following receipt appears to have been given for quit rent due on the above patent.

» Co. Rec. vol. ii. From the original \a the possession of Mr. Daniel Winship, Hunt's Point

Upon the 12th of January, 16S6, Governor Thomas Dongan granted a jyatent to Thomas Hunt, sen., for all his land bounded on the east by the river Aquehung or Bronx, extending to the midst of the said river, on the north by certain marked trees and a piece of hammock, and on the west by a certain brook called Sackrahung, for the value of one bushel of good winter wheat."*

The following receipt appears to have been given for quit rent due on the above patent.

» Co. Rec. vol. ii. From the original \a the possession of Mr. Daniel Winship, Hunt's Point

264 HISTORY OF THE

" Received of Thomas Hunt, sen., twenty-five bushels and one half wheat, in full for his quit rent for his land in the county of Westchester, upon Broncks's river, to the 25th of March last past. Witness my hand, in New York, this 9th day of April, A. D. 1717.

"Richard Nicoll, Deputy Receiver^

Seventeenth of October, 1687, Joseph Hadley of the Yonkers patent conveys to Thomas Williams of the West Farms eight acres formerly given him by John Richardson. In 1711 the heirs of the patentees united in a second division of the West Farms.

"Whereas Thomas Hunt, sen., of ye West Farms in ye lorough town and county of Westchester in ye colony of New York, yeoman, and Elizabeth Leggett of ye same place, widow, did on ye 9th day of May last past, by an instrument under their hands and seals, formerly agree and conclude that the West Farms lots, containing twelve in number, should be surveyed and laid out by myself or some other person, and that according to a former survey made by me William Taylor, on or before the last day of June instant, with a further covenant, promise, and agreement, each to the other, for themselves and each of their heirs, executors, and administrators, as far as they or any of them are concerned in the said lots, that the survey made by M.

"Whereas Thomas Hunt, sen., of ye West Farms in ye lorough town and county of Westchester in ye colony of New York, yeoman, and Elizabeth Leggett of ye same place, widow, did on ye 9th day of May last past, by an instrument under their hands and seals, formerly agree and conclude that the West Farms lots, containing twelve in number, should be surveyed and laid out by myself or some other person, and that according to a former survey made by me William Taylor, on or before the last day of June instant, with a further covenant, promise, and agreement, each to the other, for themselves and each of their heirs, executors, and administrators, as far as they or any of them are concerned in the said lots, that the survey made by M. W. E or some other person, in manner as above, and the lines or bounds so run and settled should remain, continue, and not be removed for ever hereafter upon the penalty of five hundred pounds current money of said colony, to be paid by the party or persons breaking the said conclusion or agreement and covenant to the party or persons fulfilling and performing the same, &c., &c., as by the said instrument, relation being thereunto had, will fully and at large appear. Therefore upon this request and desire of the said Thomas Hunt, Elizabeth Leggett and others, the owners and proprietor.s of said land, I have surveyed the said twelve lots of land as followeth. That is to say, begin at a chesnut tree standing on the river side above Byvanck's mill, running thence north forty-three degrees, west two hundred and eighty-three, to a marked white wood, thence south thirty degrees, west about forty-five, eight rods to the north side and westernmost corner of the sixth lot, and then upon several courses until it meets with the north-west corner of the twelfth lot, then east twenty-one degrees and a half rod to ye meadow and from thence along the meadow and river to the place first begun as appears in the scheme hereunto annexed, the whole tract containing 1096 acres, &c., &c.

That is to say, begin at a chesnut tree standing on the river side above Byvanck's mill, running thence north forty-three degrees, west two hundred and eighty-three, to a marked white wood, thence south thirty degrees, west about forty-five, eight rods to the north side and westernmost corner of the sixth lot, and then upon several courses until it meets with the north-west corner of the twelfth lot, then east twenty-one degrees and a half rod to ye meadow and from thence along the meadow and river to the place first begun as appears in the scheme hereunto annexed, the whole tract containing 1096 acres, &c., &c. It is firmly agreed and concluded upon by the said Thomas Hunt, Elizabeth Leggett and others concerned in the matter, that what every or any lot wants or falls short of one hundred acres as above shall be allowed and made up to them or theirs

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 265

out of the land not contained within this survey. Comprehended with a certain patent granted by Governor Richard Nicolls to Edward Jessup and John Richardson in the year of our Lord Christ 1666, except thirty acres which he» said Thonnas Hunt, formerly sold to John Feryedon and Robert Manning, and also thirty acres belonging to the said Elizabeth Leggett, being in lieu of the aforesaid thirty acres on which Thomas Davenport now dwells, in witness whereof, &c., &c. In presence of Joseph Hunt, Thomas Hunt,

Justice. Elizabeth Legget,

John Lawrence, Matthew Pugsley.

This survey was made and completed on the 26th day of June, 171 1, by me, Peter Berrien.

Comprehended with a certain patent granted by Governor Richard Nicolls to Edward Jessup and John Richardson in the year of our Lord Christ 1666, except thirty acres which he» said Thonnas Hunt, formerly sold to John Feryedon and Robert Manning, and also thirty acres belonging to the said Elizabeth Leggett, being in lieu of the aforesaid thirty acres on which Thomas Davenport now dwells, in witness whereof, &c., &c. In presence of Joseph Hunt, Thomas Hunt,

Justice. Elizabeth Legget,

John Lawrence, Matthew Pugsley.

This survey was made and completed on the 26th day of June, 171 1, by me, Peter Berrien.

On the 30th of Sept. 1723, William Davenport of Perth Anv boy, in East New Jersey, and Bridget his wife, did convey all their right, title and interest in ye jiatent of West Farms unto William Leggett, viz., all and singular ye flats, coves, bays, fishing places, &:.c. ; also, all their right, title and property of fishing, hunting, hawking and fowling in this ye same patent, &c."a

In the southwest corner of the patent of West Fartns, was situated a small tract of land, called the '^debatable groimd." This territory appears to have been in dispute between the heirs of the patentees of West Farms, and Lewis Morris, proprietor of the manor of Morrisania, from 1666 to 1740. At an early period, Lewis Morris laid claim to most of the undivided lands of the West Farins pident, as belonging to him."

Upon the 4th of Feb., 1712, "Elizabeth Leggett, widow of Gabriel Leggett and daughter of John Richardson, released her title and interest of all the common and undivided lands, that Mr. Lewis Morris makes any claim to witliin our patent of West Fa7-?nsy In 1737, " William Leggett, assignee to the heirs of John Richardson, of one-half moiety of the West Farms, and Abraham Lent, of the heirs of Edward Jessup, jomily agreed to prosecute Lewis Morris, who is now in posses.sion of almost all the undivided la7ids"

Upon the 4th of Feb., 1712, "Elizabeth Leggett, widow of Gabriel Leggett and daughter of John Richardson, released her title and interest of all the common and undivided lands, that Mr. Lewis Morris makes any claim to witliin our patent of West Fa7-?nsy In 1737, " William Leggett, assignee to the heirs of John Richardson, of one-half moiety of the West Farms, and Abraham Lent, of the heirs of Edward Jessup, jomily agreed to prosecute Lewis Morris, who is now in posses.sion of almost all the undivided la7ids"

a The same rights had previously been conveyed by Thomas Davenport, father of the above grantor, to Abraham Leggett.

Vol. II. 34

26G HISTORY OF THE

A complete seltlement of the nndivided lands was not made till 1740. In 1&30, the debatable lands were purchased by William H. Leggeti, Esq.

The twelve lots into which the West farms was originally divided, have been long since distributed among numerous proprietors.

The village of West Farins is pleasantly situated at the head of the navigable waters of the Bronx, three miles from the East river, and twelve from New York. This place from its close vicinity to the city, and its valuable water privileges, is rapidly increasing in importance. It now contains about 1,500 inhabitants, 200 dwelling houses, an Episcopal, a Dutch Reformed, a Presbyterian and a Methodist church, 4 taverns, a temperance house, 12 stores of different kinds, and a post office ; also, several extensive manufactories, among which may be named the Brussels carpet and spinning factory of Mr. Richard Crowtherj^ the Ingrain carpet factory of Mr. A. Smith, and the grist and mahogany saw mill of Mr. Philip M. Lydig ; beside numerous coopering establishments doing a large business. Here are owned seven sloops, trading with the New York and other markets.

It now contains about 1,500 inhabitants, 200 dwelling houses, an Episcopal, a Dutch Reformed, a Presbyterian and a Methodist church, 4 taverns, a temperance house, 12 stores of different kinds, and a post office ; also, several extensive manufactories, among which may be named the Brussels carpet and spinning factory of Mr. Richard Crowtherj^ the Ingrain carpet factory of Mr. A. Smith, and the grist and mahogany saw mill of Mr. Philip M. Lydig ; beside numerous coopering establishments doing a large business. Here are owned seven sloops, trading with the New York and other markets. The Haarlem and Westchester rail road depot, situated one mile north-west of the village, affords almost hourly communication with the city of New York.

Near the centre of the village is situated the Episcopal cJiurch, a beautiful Gothic structure, of wood. The bell tower is attached to the north-eastern corner. Over the principal entrance, is a neat porch. The cornerstone of this edifice was laid on Tuesday, November lOlh, 1846, by the Rev. Hugh Smith, D. D., rector of St. Peter's church. New York; on which occasion, an address was delivered by the Rev. J. T. Gushing minister in charge of the parish. In the corner stone were deposited a copy of the New Testament, and of the book of common prayer ; the journal of the last general convention in 1844 ; the journal of the last diocesan convention of New York for 1845, together with the debates in the same ; copies of the general and

New York; on which occasion, an address was delivered by the Rev. J. T. Gushing minister in charge of the parish. In the corner stone were deposited a copy of the New Testament, and of the book of common prayer ; the journal of the last general convention in 1844 ; the journal of the last diocesan convention of New York for 1845, together with the debates in the same ; copies of the general and

» Mr. Crowther's manufactory occupies the site of the old paint mills and pottery works, which were in successful operation durjng the last war with Great Britain.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 2G7

the diocesan canons, Swords' pocket almanack for 184G, Prot. Churchman of the date of Nov. 7th, 1846, the New York Courier and Enquirer of Nov. 9th, 1846, and sundry parish documents (fcc. (fee. Besides the officiating clergy, there were present, the Kev. William Powell, rector of St. Peter's church, Westchester, and the Rev. Robert Bolton, rector of Christ's church, Pelham.

On the 28th of June, 1847, it was consecrated and set apart to the worship and service of Almighty God, under the title of Grace church, by the Right Reverend William Heathcote de Lancey, Bishop of the diocese of Western New York. The consecration sermon being preached by the Rev. Kingston Goddard of Staten Island.

Grace church, West Farms, was incorporated upon the 13th of Dec. 1844. William A. Spencer and Philip M. Lydig, churchwardens ; Peter Lorillard, Richard Crowther, Dr. William Bayard, Charles S. Valentine, Benjamin Lea, Jacob M. van Winkle and William B. Hoffman, vestrymen. "a

On the 28th of June, 1847, it was consecrated and set apart to the worship and service of Almighty God, under the title of Grace church, by the Right Reverend William Heathcote de Lancey, Bishop of the diocese of Western New York. The consecration sermon being preached by the Rev. Kingston Goddard of Staten Island.

Grace church, West Farms, was incorporated upon the 13th of Dec. 1844. William A. Spencer and Philip M. Lydig, churchwardens ; Peter Lorillard, Richard Crowther, Dr. William Bayard, Charles S. Valentine, Benjamin Lea, Jacob M. van Winkle and William B. Hoffman, vestrymen. "a

On June 3rd, 1847, the Rev. Washington Rodman was unanimously called to be rector of the parish. Thecreditof first attempting the establishment of an Episcopal church in this village, is due, under God, to Miss' Margaret Hunt,^ a lady whose intelligent zeal, kindly sympathy and untiring benevolence, deserve especial mention. The work was undertaken by this lady about twelve years since ; and, although the number of Episcopalians in the immediate neighborhood was then comparatively small, still a considerable interest was awakened by her endeavors. The amount of $2061,00 was collected, to which the sum of $1000,00 was added by the munificent donation of Mrs. C. L. Spencer, to whose christian liberality, the congregation is further indebted for the gift of an organ, a Sunday school library, and numerous other contributions to the church. Additional aid was given by the following gentlemen, viz. : Messrs. Peter Lorillard, jun., Philip M. Lydig, Governeur M. Wilkins, J. D. Wolfe, William A. Spencer and others, making in all the sum of $4,lo8

The amount of $2061,00 was collected, to which the sum of $1000,00 was added by the munificent donation of Mrs. C. L. Spencer, to whose christian liberality, the congregation is further indebted for the gift of an organ, a Sunday school library, and numerous other contributions to the church. Additional aid was given by the following gentlemen, viz. : Messrs. Peter Lorillard, jun., Philip M. Lydig, Governeur M. Wilkins, J. D. Wolfe, William A. Spencer and others, making in all the sum of $4,lo8

a Co. Rec. Religious Soc. Lib. B. p. 93. Daughter of Thomas Hunt, fourth iu descent from Edward Jessup, one of

the first patentees of the West Farms.

268 HISTORY OF THE

95, the cost of the church. The congregation are also deeplyindebted to Francis Barretto. Esq., of the building committee, for his generous sympathy with tlie first projectors of the church, as well as for his attentive supervision of the building while in process of erection. A bell weighing 535 lbs. has been purchased by subscriptions received principally from the members of the church.

The Presbyterian church stands upon the highest ground in the village. It was incorporated, in 1814, by the name of the " First Presbyterian Church in the village of West Farms," Robert Givan, Caleb Pell, Ebenezer Waterbury, James Bathgate, James Renwick and John B. Gillespie, first trustees. a Prior to the year 1836, it belonged to the Bedford presbytery, but is now in connection with the second New York Presbytery. The present church edifice was erected in 1816.

The Presbyterian church stands upon the highest ground in the village. It was incorporated, in 1814, by the name of the " First Presbyterian Church in the village of West Farms," Robert Givan, Caleb Pell, Ebenezer Waterbury, James Bathgate, James Renwick and John B. Gillespie, first trustees. a Prior to the year 1836, it belonged to the Bedford presbytery, but is now in connection with the second New York Presbytery. The present church edifice was erected in 1816.

LIST OF PASTORS AND SUPPLIES.b

Install (

Dr call.

Supply.

1815,

Rev. Isaac Lewis,

do.

l

1819,

Rev. Truman Osborne,

do.

1821,

Rev. Samuel Nott,

do.

1823,

Rev. Joseph B. Felt,

do.

1823,

Rev. Thomas S. Wickes,

do.

^■'^

1824,

Rev. Ithamer Hillsbury,

do.

1824,

Rev. E. D. Wells,

do.

1825,

Rev. J. D. Wickham,

do.

1828,

Rev. George Stebbins,

do.

1835,

Rev. William Gray,

do.

Jan. 22,

, 1836,

Rev. M. I. Adam,

pastor.

Feb.

1841,

Rev. James B. Ramsey,

do.

1846,

Rev. Charles Moase,

supply.

Oct. 28;

, 1847,

Rev. Isaac Watts Piatt, present pastor.

» Co. Rec. Lib A. 154.

b For some years this cliurch was associated, ia tlie support of a minister, with the Presbyterian cliurch of New Roclielle.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 269

Church Notes.

1826, Communicants, 41, Baptisms, 1.

1846, do. 38, do. 8. '•

The Dutch Reformed Church of this village was first organized in 1839, under the pastoral charge of the late Rev. George Bourne, of New York, and incorporated on the 16th of March, 1840. =1 First elders, Thomas Butler, George Wilson, and Abijah Rogers ; first deacons, James P. Fitch, J. G. Rowland, and Stephen Kelly. Mr, Bourne was succeeded, in 1842, by the Rev. Barnabas Collins. The present pastor is the Rev. John Simonson, who commenced his ministrations in 1845.

The Dutch Reformed Church of this village was first organized in 1839, under the pastoral charge of the late Rev. George Bourne, of New York, and incorporated on the 16th of March, 1840. =1 First elders, Thomas Butler, George Wilson, and Abijah Rogers ; first deacons, James P. Fitch, J. G. Rowland, and Stephen Kelly. Mr, Bourne was succeeded, in 1842, by the Rev. Barnabas Collins. The present pastor is the Rev. John Simonson, who commenced his ministrations in 1845.

An Episcopal Methodist Society was incorporated upon the 24th October, 1831 ; Andrew C. Wheeler, Joseph Smith, John F. Fay, Thomas T. Phillips, and Thomas Bolton, trustees.'^

West Farms is not behind any of the neighboring towns in her literary institutions ; for, besides three large district schools for the education of both sexes, there is a ladies' seminary and a boys' school. In 1803 there appears to have been an academy existing here, the trustees of which were the Hon. Governeur Morris, Dominick Lynch, John Sloss Hobart, Abijah Hammond, James Morris, Daniel Ludlow, Isaac Clason, Israel Underbill, Philip I. Livingston, Robert Gilchrist, Joseph Given, Jonathan Randel, Andrew Barton, Israel Honeywell, Samuel Kelly, Robert Heaton, and William H. Morris.

During the revolutionary war. West Farms was constantly exposed to the daily forays of both armies, as they alternately held possession of the adjoining country. "On the 25th of January, 1777, (observes General Heath,) early on the morning, the enemy made a sally towards De Lancey^s Mills,'^ where they surprised and routed the guard, wounding several, but not killing or taking

Livingston, Robert Gilchrist, Joseph Given, Jonathan Randel, Andrew Barton, Israel Honeywell, Samuel Kelly, Robert Heaton, and William H. Morris.

During the revolutionary war. West Farms was constantly exposed to the daily forays of both armies, as they alternately held possession of the adjoining country. "On the 25th of January, 1777, (observes General Heath,) early on the morning, the enemy made a sally towards De Lancey^s Mills,'^ where they surprised and routed the guard, wounding several, but not killing or taking

» Co. Rec. Religious See. Lib. B. The first church edifice was erected in 1839. b Co. Rec. Religious Sec. Lib. B. p. 6. An incorporation of the Methodi.«t Episjpal Church occurs in 1836, and again in 1843. See Lib. B. 48, 7G. " Now known as Lydig's Mills.

270 HISTORY OF THE

any of the.n ; and a regiment near that place quitted their qnarters."a

The Mililary Blockhouse, which occupied the site of Mr. Mapes's Temperance House, was destroyed by Colonel Burr in the winter of 1779. The event is thus related by Samuel Young, in a letter to Commodore Valentine Morris : --

" Soon after Tryon's retreat, Colonel Delancey, who commanded the British refugees, in order to secure themselves against surprise, erected a blockhouse on a rising ground below De Lancey's Bridge. This Colonel Burr resolved to destroy. I was in that expedition, and recollect the circumstances.

"He procured a number of hand-grenades ; also, rolls of port fire, and canteens filled with inflammable materials, with contrivances to attach them to the side of the blockhouse. He set out with his troops early in the evening, and arrived within a mile of the blockhouse by two o'clock in the morning. The colonel gave Captain Black the command of about forty volunteers, who were first to approach ; twenty of them were to carry the port fires, &.C.

"He procured a number of hand-grenades ; also, rolls of port fire, and canteens filled with inflammable materials, with contrivances to attach them to the side of the blockhouse. He set out with his troops early in the evening, and arrived within a mile of the blockhouse by two o'clock in the morning. The colonel gave Captain Black the command of about forty volunteers, who were first to approach ; twenty of them were to carry the port fires, &.C. Those who had hand-grenades, had short ladders to enable ihcm to reach the port holes, the exact height of which Colonel Burr had ascertained. Colonel Burr gave Captain Black his instructions in the hearing of his company, assuring him of his protection if they were attacked by superior numbers ; for it was expected that the enemy, who had several thousand men at and near King's Bridge, would endeavor to cut us off, as we were several miles below them. Burr directed those who carried the combustibles to march in front as silently as possible; that on being hailed, they should light the hand-grenades, (fcc. with a slow match provided for tiie purpose, and throw them into the port holes. I was one of the party that advanced. The sentinel hailed and fired. We rushed on. The first hand-grenade that was thrown in drove the enemy from the upper story, and before they could take any measure to defend it, the blockhouse was on fire in several places. Some iew escaped, and the rest

Burr directed those who carried the combustibles to march in front as silently as possible; that on being hailed, they should light the hand-grenades, (fcc. with a slow match provided for tiie purpose, and throw them into the port holes. I was one of the party that advanced. The sentinel hailed and fired. We rushed on. The first hand-grenade that was thrown in drove the enemy from the upper story, and before they could take any measure to defend it, the blockhouse was on fire in several places. Some iew escaped, and the rest

Heath's Mem. p. 111.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER,

surrendered without our having lost a single man. Though many shots were fired at us, we did not fire a gun."=^

Akhongh the inhabitants appear to have suflered much during the Revolution, they generally continued firmly attached to the interests of their country. In 1775 occurs the following petition to the Hon. Provincial Congress, from the subscribers, inhabitants of the manor of Fordham and West Farms, in the county of Westchester, which

" Humbly sheweth that we were summoned to appear at Westchester in order to choose officers, according to the resolution of the congress, it having been represented, as we understand, that there was not a competent number of men in our district to form a company, we therefore beg leave to inform you that the manor of Fordham and the West Farms have in the militia always been considered as a district by themselves, and that within their limits there are upwards of seventy men fit to bear arms, and that an attendance at Westchester upon the meeting of the company will be attended with great inconvenience to many of the inliabitants and therefore injurious to the service intended to be advanced ; from which considerations your petitioners humbly pray the Hon'ble Congress will be pleased to order that ihe manor of Fordham and the West Farms have a company with themselves, and that they elect their own officers under such inspection as the Honorable Congress in their wisdom shall think best ; and your petitioners shall ever pray.

" Humbly sheweth that we were summoned to appear at Westchester in order to choose officers, according to the resolution of the congress, it having been represented, as we understand, that there was not a competent number of men in our district to form a company, we therefore beg leave to inform you that the manor of Fordham and the West Farms have in the militia always been considered as a district by themselves, and that within their limits there are upwards of seventy men fit to bear arms, and that an attendance at Westchester upon the meeting of the company will be attended with great inconvenience to many of the inliabitants and therefore injurious to the service intended to be advanced ; from which considerations your petitioners humbly pray the Hon'ble Congress will be pleased to order that ihe manor of Fordham and the West Farms have a company with themselves, and that they elect their own officers under such inspection as the Honorable Congress in their wisdom shall think best ; and your petitioners shall ever pray.

Nicolas Berrien, Isaac Valentine, Peter Valentine, John Stevens, Benjamin Curser, Abraham Dyckman, John Farmer, Benjamin Valentine, George Pilpet, Isaac Valentine, jr. Peter Bussing, jr. Abraham Wilson, Benjamin Curser, jr. Hendrick Ryer, John Lent, John Ryer, Isaac Curser, jr.

Hezekiah Ward, Tunis Garrison, Isaac Cant, Gilbert Taylor, Robert Gilmer, Benjamin Archer, jr. Daniel Devoe, jr. John Embrie, sen. Jacob Lent, Abraham Lent, Dennis Hyer, Jacob V^alentine, Abraham Garrison, James G. Groot, Thomas Hunt, Abraham Leggett, William Leggett,

Nicolas Berrien, Isaac Valentine, Peter Valentine, John Stevens, Benjamin Curser, Abraham Dyckman, John Farmer, Benjamin Valentine, George Pilpet, Isaac Valentine, jr. Peter Bussing, jr. Abraham Wilson, Benjamin Curser, jr. Hendrick Ryer, John Lent, John Ryer, Isaac Curser, jr.

Hezekiah Ward, Tunis Garrison, Isaac Cant, Gilbert Taylor, Robert Gilmer, Benjamin Archer, jr. Daniel Devoe, jr. John Embrie, sen. Jacob Lent, Abraham Lent, Dennis Hyer, Jacob V^alentine, Abraham Garrison, James G. Groot, Thomas Hunt, Abraham Leggett, William Leggett,

Levi Hunt, Jeremiah Requa, James McKay, Robert Campbell, Eden Hunt, Isaac Hunt, James Archer, Sam'l Embrie, jr. John Embrie, jr. Thomas Cromwell, G. Cromwell, Obadiah Hide, John Curser, Simon Williams, John Ryer, jr. Jacob Chappel, John Garrison,

^ Davis's Mem. of Aaron Burr, vol. i. 164.

272 HISTORY OF THE

Tunis Le Joye, John Leggett, jr. John Jacobs,

Philip Hunt, Robert Hunt, jr. Thomas Dogherty,

Stephen Emboli, Cornelius Leggett, John Clark,

Nalhan'l Lawrence, Mr. Woods, John de Noo,

Peter Devoe, John Hedger, John Blizard,

James Swain, Thomas Hedger, John Walbin,

Nazareth Brewer, Stephen Edwards, John Warwick,

Edward Harris, James Rock, Thomas Gernble,

John Collard, George Higby, Peter Bussing,

Cornelius Jacobs, Jacob Hunt, Isaac Curser.

Congress were pleased to grant the prayer of this petition.

The road passing the village landing south leads to the Great Planting neck\ called by the Indians Quinnahiaig, upon which are now many beautiful country seats. At the south-east extremity of the neck is situated Hunt's Point. This property has been occupied by the Hunt family for nearly one hundred and si.xly years, having passed into their hands by the inarriage of Thomas Hunt with Elizabeth Jessup, daughter of Edward Jessup, one of the first patentees. In 16S8, Thomas Hunt, of the Grove farm, granted to his son Thomas Hunt one hundred acres lying on the south side of Gabriel Leg^gett's land, bounded eastwardly and southerly by Broncks's river.

At the south-east extremity of the neck is situated Hunt's Point. This property has been occupied by the Hunt family for nearly one hundred and si.xly years, having passed into their hands by the inarriage of Thomas Hunt with Elizabeth Jessup, daughter of Edward Jessup, one of the first patentees. In 16S8, Thomas Hunt, of the Grove farm, granted to his son Thomas Hunt one hundred acres lying on the south side of Gabriel Leg^gett's land, bounded eastwardly and southerly by Broncks's river. It is now the property of Mr. Daniel Wiiiship, who married Eliza, the widow of the late Richard Hunt, Esq. The old Grange erected in 168S, occupies a beautiful situation near the termination of the point, overlooking the East river and Flushing bay.

This place was for many years the residence of Rodman Drake the poet, and it was here that he wrote his well known lines on the Bronx, on the neighboring banks of which he often wandered.

I sat me down upon a green bank side,

Skirting the smooth edge of a gentle river. Whose waters seemed unwillingly to glide,

Like parting friends, who linger while they sever ; Enforced to go, yet seeming still unready. Backward they wind their way in many a wistful eddy.

Gray o'er my head the yellow- vested willow Hurtled its hoary top in the fresh breezes,

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 273

Glancing in light, like spray on a green billow,

Or the fine frost work which young winter freezes, . When first his power in infant pastime trying, Congeals sad autumn's tears on the dead branches lying.

Like parting friends, who linger while they sever ; Enforced to go, yet seeming still unready. Backward they wind their way in many a wistful eddy.

Gray o'er my head the yellow- vested willow Hurtled its hoary top in the fresh breezes,

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 273

Glancing in light, like spray on a green billow,

Or the fine frost work which young winter freezes, . When first his power in infant pastime trying, Congeals sad autumn's tears on the dead branches lying.

From rocks around hung the loose ivy dangling,

And in the clefts sumach of liveliest green. Bright ising-stars the little beach was spangling,

The gold-cap sorrel from his gauzy screen, Shone like a fairy, enchased and beaded. Left on some morn, when light fiash'd in their eyes unheeded.

The hum-bird shook his sun-touched wings around,

The bluefinch carolled in the still retreat ; ' - .

The antic squirrel capered on the ground, <■

Where lichens made a carpel for his feet.

Through the transparent waves, the ruddy minkle

Shot up in glimmering sparks, his red fins liny twinkle. . ,. '

There were the dark cedars, with loose mossy tresses, White-powder'd dog trees, and stiff hollies flaunting,

Gaudy as rustics in their May-day dresses. Blue pellorels from purple leases upslanting

A modest gaze, like eyes of a young maiden

Shining beneath dropp'd lids the evening of her wedding. .•/

The breeze fresh springing from the lips of morn, , '

Kissing the leaves, and sighing so to loose 'em,

Shot up in glimmering sparks, his red fins liny twinkle. . ,. '

There were the dark cedars, with loose mossy tresses, White-powder'd dog trees, and stiff hollies flaunting,

Gaudy as rustics in their May-day dresses. Blue pellorels from purple leases upslanting

A modest gaze, like eyes of a young maiden

Shining beneath dropp'd lids the evening of her wedding. .•/

The breeze fresh springing from the lips of morn, , '

Kissing the leaves, and sighing so to loose 'em,

The winding of the merry locust's horn,

The glad spring gushing from the rock's bare bosom ;

Sweet sighs, sweet sounds, all sights, all sounds excelling,

Oh ! 'twas a ravishing spot, form'd for a poet's dwelling.

And I did leave thy loveliness, to stand

Again in the dull world of earthly blindness; Pain'd with the pressure of unfriendly hands.

Sick of smooth looks, agued with icy kindness; Left I for this thy shades, where none intrude. To prison wandering thought and mar sweet solitude.

Yet I will look upon thy face again

My own romantic Bronx, aud it will be A face more pleasant than the face of men,

Thy waves are old companions, I shall see A well remembered form in each old tree. And hear a voice long loved in thy wild minstrelsy. Vol. II. 35

274 HISTORY OF THE • , ^

*•-

The burial place of the Hunt family, is located near the entrance of the point. The following inscriptions are copied from two of the monuments in this yard : in memory of Thomas Hunt, who departed this life, July 4lh, 1808, in the SUth year of his age. He possessed the cardinal virtues in an eminent degree ; he was temperate, brave, patient and just :

II. 35

274 HISTORY OF THE • , ^

*•-

The burial place of the Hunt family, is located near the entrance of the point. The following inscriptions are copied from two of the monuments in this yard : in memory of Thomas Hunt, who departed this life, July 4lh, 1808, in the SUth year of his age. He possessed the cardinal virtues in an eminent degree ; he was temperate, brave, patient and just :

The solid rock shall sink beneath The iron hand of time, -„

But virtue dwells with Immortality.

The other is

>

Sacred •» . to the memory ' ' '-

. " -• of : f"

Joseph Rodman Drake, M. D. ' , who died September 2 1st,

1825. ■ •

aged 25 years.

Fitz Greene Haileck's pathetic lines on the death of his companion, will not be considered inappropriate here, especially as the last two of the first stanza are engraved upon this tombstone.

Green be the turf above thee, Friend of my better days! None knew thee but to love thee, Nor named thee but to praise.

Tears fell when thou wert dying, . .

' From eyes unused to weep,

And long, where thou art lying, Will tears the cold turf steep.

When hearts whose truth was proven, ,

Like thine, are laid in earth.

There should a wreath be woven ' „.

To tell the world their worth. ._ t

To face page 3--., vol. ii.

Arms.-- Az on

bend ar. lb

None knew thee but to love thee, Nor named thee but to praise.

Tears fell when thou wert dying, . .

' From eyes unused to weep,

And long, where thou art lying, Will tears the cold turf steep.

When hearts whose truth was proven, ,

Like thine, are laid in earth.

There should a wreath be woven ' „.

To tell the world their worth. ._ t

To face page 3--., vol. ii.

Arms.-- Az on

bend ar. lb

nal ibu8 nat. 1G77.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 275

And 1, who wake each morrow To clasp thy hand in mine, Who shared thy joy and sorrow, Whose weal and wo were thine, --

It should be mine to braid it "

Around thy faded brow ; But I've in vain essayed it, And feel I cannot now,

While memory bids me weep thee, ~ ' Nor thoughts nor words are free.

The grief is fixed too deeply That mourns a man like thee.

Upon Waddington point, the south-west projection of the Planting neck, is situated Blythe place, the estate of Francis Barretto, Esq. The house is a handsome edifice of stone. The grounds are richly wooded, and the views of the river extensive, and singularly beautiful. Mr. Barretto for many years represented this county in assembly. In the immediate vicinity of Blythe place, and near the public landing, stands the residencea of the late Thomas Leggett, (now occupied by his widow) whose ancestors have been resident proprietors of the great jilanting neck, since the year 1690, if not before.

The house is a handsome edifice of stone. The grounds are richly wooded, and the views of the river extensive, and singularly beautiful. Mr. Barretto for many years represented this county in assembly. In the immediate vicinity of Blythe place, and near the public landing, stands the residencea of the late Thomas Leggett, (now occupied by his widow) whose ancestors have been resident proprietors of the great jilanting neck, since the year 1690, if not before.

The Leggett family were formerly seated in Essex county England, and probably descend from Helmingius Legat, high sheriff of that county, in 1404. As early as 1661, Gabriel Leggett emigrated to this country, and in right of his wife. Elizabeth Richardson, daughter and co-heiress of John Richardson, (one of the joint patentees) became possessed of a large portion of the neck. By his last will, dated 16th of April, 1697, Gabriel Leggett of the West Farms, bequeathed " to his wife Elizabeth, all his household goods (fcc. &c ; to his son John, all his house and outhouses, orchard, land and the meadows in the Planting neck, and the meadow, (fcc, also that messuage and tenement which Thomas Williams dwells upon, and was formerly my father-inlaw's, John Richardson, his now dwelling house, and orchard

This house occupied the site of the old Leggett homestead

PEDIGREE OF LEGGETT OF WEST 'FARMS.

) I ' artliprinnijuem-cli, I

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5 f

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By his last will, dated 16th of April, 1697, Gabriel Leggett of the West Farms, bequeathed " to his wife Elizabeth, all his household goods (fcc. &c ; to his son John, all his house and outhouses, orchard, land and the meadows in the Planting neck, and the meadow, (fcc, also that messuage and tenement which Thomas Williams dwells upon, and was formerly my father-inlaw's, John Richardson, his now dwelling house, and orchard

This house occupied the site of the old Leggett homestead

PEDIGREE OF LEGGETT OF WEST 'FARMS.

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% I t

5 f

" 1°' "I'

,1"°" _i , I I ".°y""" I"""'- _

.L„„ II I

'. h h i k ^ k h n I i I I I I I I I

im

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Hi!

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B.=S„.M.„,.„ AJ ' JJJ

Jw.. pj.„.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 275

And 1, who wake each morrow To clasp thy hand in mine, Who shared thy joy and sorrow, W^hose weal and wo were thine, --

It should be mine to braid it Around thy faded brow ; But I've in vain essayed it, And feel I cannot now,

While memory bids me weep thee. Nor thoughts nor words are free, The grief is fixed too deeply That mourns a man like thee.

Upon Waddinglon point, the south-west projection of the Planting 7ieck, is situated Blythe place, the estate of Francis Barretto, Esq. The house is a handsome edifice of stone. The grounds are richly wooded, and the views of the river extensive, and singularly beautiful. Mr. Barretto for many years represented this county in assembly. In the immediate vicinity of Blythe place, and near the public landing, stands the residencea of the late Thomas Leggett, (now occupied by his widow) whose ancestors have been resident proprietors of the gi'eat planting neck, since the year 1690, if not before.

The house is a handsome edifice of stone. The grounds are richly wooded, and the views of the river extensive, and singularly beautiful. Mr. Barretto for many years represented this county in assembly. In the immediate vicinity of Blythe place, and near the public landing, stands the residencea of the late Thomas Leggett, (now occupied by his widow) whose ancestors have been resident proprietors of the gi'eat planting neck, since the year 1690, if not before.

The Lega^ett family were formerly seated in Essex county England, and probably descend from Helmingius Legat, high sheriff of that county, in 1404. As early as 1661, Gabriel Leggett emigrated to this country, and in right of his wife. Elizabeth Richardson, daughter and co-heiress of John Richardson, (one of the joint patentees) became possessed of a large portion of the neck. By his last will, dated 16th of April, 1697, Gabriel Leggett of the West Farms, bequeathed " to his wife Elizabeth, all his household goods &c. &.c ; to his son John, all his house and outhouses, orchard, land and the meadows in the Planting neck, and the meadow, &.C., also that messuage and tenement which Thomas Williams dwells upon, and was formerly my father-inlaw's, John Richardson, his now dwelling house, and orchard

Thia house occupied the site of the old Leggett homestead

276 HISTORY OF THE

and ont houses with tlie land and meadow which I bought of John Ferguson, sen. and Robert Manning, together with 50 acres of wood land, lying within the bounds of the patent of West Farnis, &c. "I say to my 5on Thomas,*' to his son William 100 acres of woodland, and five acres of meadow, lying behind the field, witjiin the bounds of the patents of West Farms, together with all the undivided meadow, as also my house and house lot, with an orchard thereon, lying in the town of Westchester.

and ont houses with tlie land and meadow which I bought of John Ferguson, sen. and Robert Manning, together with 50 acres of wood land, lying within the bounds of the patent of West Farnis, &c. "I say to my 5on Thomas,*' to his son William 100 acres of woodland, and five acres of meadow, lying behind the field, witjiin the bounds of the patents of West Farms, together with all the undivided meadow, as also my house and house lot, with an orchard thereon, lying in the town of Westchester. To his daughter Martha, he bequeathed his little colored boy, to his daughters Mary, Sarah, Alice and tllizabeth, twenty pounds each."=i John Leggett, the eldest son of the above testator, was the great grandfather of the late Thomas Leggett. The following incidents are related of Mr. Leggett, whose activity, energy and fearlessness of character are well known.

While a youth, at the commencement of the revolutionary war, he was living with his Hither on the farm adjoining Morrisania. All he possessed at this time was a very fine young mare, the gift of his parent. Prior to Colonel De Lancey's taking possession of his father's house, a pnrly of British refugees took, with other property, his favorite animal, whilst he, being unarmed, could only bluster and threaten. He refused, however, to leave them, and actually accompanied the robbers two miles on their route to head-quarters. As the party were passing the spot which now makes the southern entrance to West Farms, two continental soldiers rose up from behind a stone wall and fired. Tiie man leading the mare was shot, and fell ; the mare turned round and ran homewards, to the great deliglit of the owner, who immediately followed. Soon after this event the faujily, driven from hoi-ne, were compelled to seek shelter elsewhere.

He refused, however, to leave them, and actually accompanied the robbers two miles on their route to head-quarters. As the party were passing the spot which now makes the southern entrance to West Farms, two continental soldiers rose up from behind a stone wall and fired. Tiie man leading the mare was shot, and fell ; the mare turned round and ran homewards, to the great deliglit of the owner, who immediately followed. Soon after this event the faujily, driven from hoi-ne, were compelled to seek shelter elsewhere. Mr. Leggett and his two brothers went to Saratoga ; here they cleared a small piece of land, erected a log house, and prepared to spend the winter. But on the approach of Burgoyne, they were taken prisoners by the Indian allies. His two brothers were carried to Fort Edward by the Indians, whilst he himself was conveyed to Burgoyne's camp. Here he fell in with a neighbor named Concklin,

» Surrogate's Office, N. Y. lib. ii. 24.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 277

who, after a fortnight's detention, forged a pass for both. By this means the sentinels were deceived. Our heroes swam the North river, (it was the early part of October.) and ran all that night. The next day they concealed themselves in the woods, and ihe following night kept on their way, avoiding all habitations of note. Not knowing the state of parlies in the country, they skulked from one place to another until they reached Dutchess county, where Concklin was known. Here they rested themselves and obtained food. Soon after the treaty of peace, Mr. Leggett removed to New York. He died October lOih, 1843. His children were Samuel, Joseph, William H. and Thomas, besides several daughters.

The next day they concealed themselves in the woods, and ihe following night kept on their way, avoiding all habitations of note. Not knowing the state of parlies in the country, they skulked from one place to another until they reached Dutchess county, where Concklin was known. Here they rested themselves and obtained food. Soon after the treaty of peace, Mr. Leggett removed to New York. He died October lOih, 1843. His children were Samuel, Joseph, William H. and Thomas, besides several daughters.

Opposite the residence of Edward G. Faile, Esq., on this neck, a rural lane leads soutliwest to Morrisania. It is called La Fayette's Lane, to commemorate the journey of that general, who passed through it on his way to Boston.

On the west side of the Planting Neck lies the dehaleahle territory already alluded to.

In 1740, Lewis Morris and Isabella, his wife, conveyed to James Graham, as a marriage portion with their daughter Arabella,

" All that certain tract of land being part of the manor of Morrisania, situate, lying and being in the county of Westchester, in the province of New York aforesaid, beginning at the mouth of a small brook or run of water commonly called or known by the name of Wigwam Brook, but by some falsely called Sackwrahung, it being the first brook to the westward of an isthmus or neck of land known by the name of Jeafferd's Neck, and from the month of the said brook, where it falls into the salt water, running as the said brook runs to the head thereof, which being measured in a straight line north eight degrees thirty minutes more easterly, is forty and three chains running east, thirty-four degrees northerly to Bound Brook ; thence down the said Hound Brook, as it runs to the mouih thereof, where it falls in a salt water creek that runs by the house of Gabriel Leggett ; then along the said creek as it runs into the Sound to the eastward of the said Jeafferd's Neck ; then along the Sound to the mouth of a salt creek that runs up to Wigivam Brook ; thence along up the said salt creek as it runs to the mouth of Wigwam Brook, whence it first began, including the said Jeafferd''s Neck, with the hammock, meadows and marshes thereunto adjoining and belonging, being bounded to the westward by the said Wigwam Brook and the salt creek before mentioned that

" All that certain tract of land being part of the manor of Morrisania, situate, lying and being in the county of Westchester, in the province of New York aforesaid, beginning at the mouth of a small brook or run of water commonly called or known by the name of Wigwam Brook, but by some falsely called Sackwrahung, it being the first brook to the westward of an isthmus or neck of land known by the name of Jeafferd's Neck, and from the month of the said brook, where it falls into the salt water, running as the said brook runs to the head thereof, which being measured in a straight line north eight degrees thirty minutes more easterly, is forty and three chains running east, thirty-four degrees northerly to Bound Brook ; thence down the said Hound Brook, as it runs to the mouih thereof, where it falls in a salt water creek that runs by the house of Gabriel Leggett ; then along the said creek as it runs into the Sound to the eastward of the said Jeafferd's Neck ; then along the Sound to the mouth of a salt creek that runs up to Wigivam Brook ; thence along up the said salt creek as it runs to the mouth of Wigwam Brook, whence it first began, including the said Jeafferd''s Neck, with the hammock, meadows and marshes thereunto adjoining and belonging, being bounded to the westward by the said Wigwam Brook and the salt creek before mentioned that

278 HISTORY OF THE

runs lip to it to the northward, partly by the lands of Morrisania and the salt creek that runs by the house of the said Legget to the eastward, partly by the said Boimd Creek, and partly the salt creek aforesaid that runs by the house of Leggett, and to the southward by the Sound that divides Long Island, or the Island of Nassau, from Connecticut, &c. : the grantee paying therefore yearly, on the 25th of March, six ears of Indian corn, &c."

From Austin Graham this property passed to the Leggetts, who have sold various portions to Mr. Dater, Mr. Dennison and others.

Rose Bank, the charming seat of Mr, William H. Leggett, is situated near the entrance of Jefferd^s Neck, on the banks of the East River, the waters of which appear spread out into a vast lake.

The view in front of the house embraces Riker's Island, the Two Brothers, (called in the Dutch " Gesellen,^'') the entrance of the Gate, and the distant shores of New York city, &c. In the Graham mansion, which fornierly stood on the site of Mr. Leggett's farm house, Mnjor Bearmore, a British officer, was surprised by Colonel Armand,^^ of the French cavalry. "November 7th,

« Tlie last whose name I recollect, (says the Marquis De Chastellux,* is Colonel Armand -- tliat is, M. de la Rouerie, nephew of M. de la Belinage. He was as celebrated in France for his passion for Mademoiselle B , as he is in America for his

In the Graham mansion, which fornierly stood on the site of Mr. Leggett's farm house, Mnjor Bearmore, a British officer, was surprised by Colonel Armand,^^ of the French cavalry. "November 7th,

« Tlie last whose name I recollect, (says the Marquis De Chastellux,* is Colonel Armand -- tliat is, M. de la Rouerie, nephew of M. de la Belinage. He was as celebrated in France for his passion for Mademoiselle B , as he is in America for his

courage and capacity. His family, having compelled him to abandon an attachment, the consequences of which they dreaded, he buried himself in a celebrated and profound retirement ; (the monastery of La Trappe ;) but he soon quitted it for America, where he devoted himself to a more glorious abstinence, and to more meritorious mortifications. His character is gay, his wit agreeable ; and nobody would wish to see him make the vow of silence. M. Le Marquis de la Rouerie was then very young: his subsequent conduct has proved that nature, in giving him a susceptible and impassioned mind, has not made him a present likely to be always fatal to him : glory and honor have employed all its activity ; and it is an observation which merits to be consigned in history, as well as in this journal, that carrying with him, as he did to America, all the heroic courage and romantic notions of chivalry of the ancient French noblesse, he could so well conform to republican manners, that, far from availing himself of his birth, he would only make himself known by bis Christian name. Hence he was always called Colonel Armand. He commanded a legion which was destroyed in Carolina, at the battle of Camden, and in the remainder of that unfortunate campaign. In 1781 he went to France, purchased everything necessary for arming and equipping a new legion, and on hia

Le Marquis de la Rouerie was then very young: his subsequent conduct has proved that nature, in giving him a susceptible and impassioned mind, has not made him a present likely to be always fatal to him : glory and honor have employed all its activity ; and it is an observation which merits to be consigned in history, as well as in this journal, that carrying with him, as he did to America, all the heroic courage and romantic notions of chivalry of the ancient French noblesse, he could so well conform to republican manners, that, far from availing himself of his birth, he would only make himself known by bis Christian name. Hence he was always called Colonel Armand. He commanded a legion which was destroyed in Carolina, at the battle of Camden, and in the remainder of that unfortunate campaign. In 1781 he went to France, purchased everything necessary for arming and equipping a new legion, and on hia

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 279

1779, (says General Heath,) at night, Colonel Armand proceeded with his corps from near Tarrytown to the vicinity of Morrisania, to the house of Alderman Leggett, where he surprised and took Major Bearmore and five others prisoners. Tiie secresy, precaution, gallantry and discipline exhibited by the colonel and his corps on this occasion did them much honor. In the capture of Major Bearmore, the inhabitants of the adjacent country were relieved from the frequent excursions of a troublesome officer."* The destruction of the old house took place under the following circumstances. Col. Fowler, of the British army, who had dispossessed the Graham family, and made it his own quarters, invited all the officers and gentry in the neighborhood to dine with him, preparatory to his change of quarters. The company were assembled, and all seemed gay and happy.

In the capture of Major Bearmore, the inhabitants of the adjacent country were relieved from the frequent excursions of a troublesome officer."* The destruction of the old house took place under the following circumstances. Col. Fowler, of the British army, who had dispossessed the Graham family, and made it his own quarters, invited all the officers and gentry in the neighborhood to dine with him, preparatory to his change of quarters. The company were assembled, and all seemed gay and happy. The more youthful of both sexes were wandering about the lawn, enjoying the beauty of the j)rospect, when a servant (one of Mr. Graham's slaves) announced the important fact, "Dinner is on the table.'' All turned their faces to the banqueting room, but before any one entered the door, there was a cry of fire heard. Col. Fowler seemed to think the dinner was more important than the building : he ordered everything removed from the table, the gentlemen assisting, and in a few minutes the table and contents were removed to the shade of a large willow, where all seated themselves, and appeared to enjoy the meal and the burning. The house was utterly consumed, with the contents, before the company separated. No effort was made to save an article not required for the better enjoyment of their meal. The same evening Colonel Fowler conducted a marauding party into the vicinity of Eastchester, where he was attacked and fell mortally wounded. Being brought back to the house of Cornelius van Ranc, overseer of Mr. Graham's farm, he expired that night.

Fowler seemed to think the dinner was more important than the building : he ordered everything removed from the table, the gentlemen assisting, and in a few minutes the table and contents were removed to the shade of a large willow, where all seated themselves, and appeared to enjoy the meal and the burning. The house was utterly consumed, with the contents, before the company separated. No effort was made to save an article not required for the better enjoyment of their meal. The same evening Colonel Fowler conducted a marauding party into the vicinity of Eastchester, where he was attacked and fell mortally wounded. Being brought back to the house of Cornelius van Ranc, overseer of Mr. Graham's farm, he expired that night.

return to America he advanced the cost of them to Congress. Before the peace, he was advanced to the rank of Brigadier-General. -- Travels iti North America, by Marquis de Chastellux, page 90-1. b Heath's Mem. 223.

280 HISTORY OF 'HIE

In 1791 the Manor of Morrisania was annexed lo the ancient borongh town of VVestcliester by an act of the letrislatnre,a aiid so continued until 1846, when it was added to the present townsliip. Its name is derived from the Morris family, the first mesne Lords and patentees under the crown, the termination " ania'' being in general nse in the latter part of the seventeenth century. At the period of the Dutch discovery, it was styled by the aborigines Ranachque, or Raraqne, an appellation which doubtless refers to some object peculiar to its geographical locality. The Indians appear to have resided principally on the shores of the East and Haarlem River. Of this, the extensive "shell beds," which are still to be seen, afford conclusive evidence. Within a few years several Indian tumuli have been accidentally opened in the vicinity of Governeur Morris's residence, and found to contain large sized skeletons of the aborio^ines.

At the period of the Dutch discovery, it was styled by the aborigines Ranachque, or Raraqne, an appellation which doubtless refers to some object peculiar to its geographical locality. The Indians appear to have resided principally on the shores of the East and Haarlem River. Of this, the extensive "shell beds," which are still to be seen, afford conclusive evidence. Within a few years several Indian tumuli have been accidentally opened in the vicinity of Governeur Morris's residence, and found to contain large sized skeletons of the aborio^ines. The first grantee under the sachems of Ranachque was Jonas Bronck, in 1639, i' who subsequently obtained a " grond brief" from the Dutch authorities. In 1639 we find the patroon of Bronclc's land leasing a portion of his territory in the following manner: "Appeared before me, Cornelius van Tienhoven, secretary in New iNetherland, in presence of the undersigned witnesses -- Mr. Jonas Bronck from one side, and Peter Andriessen and Lourent Dayts from the other, wiio agreed together amicably in the following n)anner: said Mr. Bronck shall show to the persons aforesaid a certain lot of land, of which he is proprietor, and which is situated opposite the river and the plain of Manhattan ; in which lot aforesaid they may cultivate tobacco and maize, upon the express condition that they shall clear and cultivate, every two years, a fresh spot for raising their tobacco and maize, and then the spot which they cultivated before shall return again to Mr. Bronck aforesaid, to dispose of according to pleasure ; they shall be further obliged to return the field that they again surrender, that it is in proper order to be ploughed, and sowed with grain : this lot of ground they shall

Bronck shall show to the persons aforesaid a certain lot of land, of which he is proprietor, and which is situated opposite the river and the plain of Manhattan ; in which lot aforesaid they may cultivate tobacco and maize, upon the express condition that they shall clear and cultivate, every two years, a fresh spot for raising their tobacco and maize, and then the spot which they cultivated before shall return again to Mr. Bronck aforesaid, to dispose of according to pleasure ; they shall be further obliged to return the field that they again surrender, that it is in proper order to be ploughed, and sowed with grain : this lot of ground they shall

Entitled an act to annex the town of Morrisania to the town of Westchester, 22d of February, 179 J. i See Col. Morris's confirmation of Bronck's purchase.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. ,281

have the use during three years, for which Mr. Bronck shall have no oilier claim than tlial the land shall have bfien cleared and brought in a proper manner of cnliivation by the diligence of Peter Andriessen and Lourent Uayts, who from their side shall be holden to accomplish their task. 21st July, 1639.

Maunt Jansskn, Witness."a

We find Jonas Bronck again leasing land on the 15th of August, 1639, to Cornelius Jacobsen StoU and John Jacobsen.''

Jonas Bronck must have died sometime prior to the year 1643, for we find his widow Antonia Slaghboom, at that date, niarried to Arendt van Curler. His descendants are said to be still numerous in the vicinity of Coxsackie, Green county, and Coeymans, Albany county, N. Y.

Bronck shall have no oilier claim than tlial the land shall have bfien cleared and brought in a proper manner of cnliivation by the diligence of Peter Andriessen and Lourent Uayts, who from their side shall be holden to accomplish their task. 21st July, 1639.

Maunt Jansskn, Witness."a

We find Jonas Bronck again leasing land on the 15th of August, 1639, to Cornelius Jacobsen StoU and John Jacobsen.''

Jonas Bronck must have died sometime prior to the year 1643, for we find his widow Antonia Slaghboom, at that date, niarried to Arendt van Curler. His descendants are said to be still numerous in the vicinity of Coxsackie, Green county, and Coeymans, Albany county, N. Y.

By the marriage of Antonia Slaghboom, BroncJc's land passed into the Van Curler family. In a letter to the patroon Van Rensselaer, dated " The Manhattans, this 16th of June, 1643," Van Curler says, " I am at present betrothed to the widow of the late Mr. Jonas Bronck. May the j^ood God vouchsafe to bless me in my undertaking, and please to grant that it might conduce to his honor and to our mutual salvation. Amen.''^

On the 30th of October, 1644, Van Curler obtained a" grond brief" for Broncks' land from William Kieft, director general. I cannot forbear quoting an interesting sketch of this distinguished individual by E, B. O'Callaghan, historian of the New Netherlands. "Arendt van Curler was one of those characters who deserve to live in history. His influence among the Indians was unlimited, and in honor of his memory these tribes addressed all succeeding governors of New York by the name of - Corlear." He possessed feelings of the purest humanity and actively exerted his influence in rescuing from the savages such Christians as had the misfortune to fall into their hands, of whose danger he might receive timely notice.

"Arendt van Curler was one of those characters who deserve to live in history. His influence among the Indians was unlimited, and in honor of his memory these tribes addressed all succeeding governors of New York by the name of - Corlear." He possessed feelings of the purest humanity and actively exerted his influence in rescuing from the savages such Christians as had the misfortune to fall into their hands, of whose danger he might receive timely notice. On his marriage with Antonia Slaghboom, the widow of Jonas Bronck, he visited Holland, and on his return moved to the Flatts above Albany where he had a

^ Alb. Rec. i" Alb. Rec.

c O'Callaghan's Hist- N. Y. 464.

Vol. it. 36

282 HISTORY OF THE

farm. He was proprietor of a brewery in Beverwyck, in 1661. Being a cousin of the Van Rensselaers he had considerable influence in the colony, where he was a magistrate to the time of his decease. He was one of the leaders in the settlement of Schenectady in 1661-2, and in the surrender of New Netherlands was especially sent for by Governor Nicoll to be consulted on Indian affairs and the interests of the country generally.

He was highly respected by the governors of Canada, and the regard entertained for him by Monsieur de Tracy, viceroy of that country, will be best judged of by the following extract of a letter which that high personage addressed him, dated Quebec, 30th April, 1667.

" 'If you find it agreeable to come hither this summer, as you have caused me to hope, you will be most welcome, and entertained to the utmost of my ability, as 1 have great esteem for you, though 1 have not a personal acquaintance with you. Believe this truth, and that I am, sir, your affectionate and assured servant. . ./ _ ■;

He was highly respected by the governors of Canada, and the regard entertained for him by Monsieur de Tracy, viceroy of that country, will be best judged of by the following extract of a letter which that high personage addressed him, dated Quebec, 30th April, 1667.

" 'If you find it agreeable to come hither this summer, as you have caused me to hope, you will be most welcome, and entertained to the utmost of my ability, as 1 have great esteem for you, though 1 have not a personal acquaintance with you. Believe this truth, and that I am, sir, your affectionate and assured servant. . ./ _ ■;

■ .' -'-^ '"''-: ■■'■ " 'Tracy.'

" Having accepted this invitation, Mr. van Curler prepared for his journey. Gov. Nicoll furnished him with a letter to the viceroy. It bears date May 20lh, 1667, and states that ' Mons'r Curler hath been importuned by divers of his friends at duebec to give them a visit, and being ambitious to kiss your hands he hath entreated my pass and liberty to conduct a young gentleman, Mr. Fontaine, who unfortunately fell into the barbarous hands of his enemies, and by means of Mons'r Curler obtained his liberty.' On the 4th July following, Jeremias van Rensselaer writing to Holland, announces that ' our cousin Arendt van Curler proceeds overland to Canada, Iiaving obtained leave from our general, and been invited thither by the viceroy, M. de Tracy. In an evil hour he embarked on board a frail canoe to cross Lake Champlain, and having been overtaken by a storm was drowned, I believe, near Split Rock. In his death this country experienced a public loss, and the French of Canada a warm and efficient friend.' "^

Fontaine, who unfortunately fell into the barbarous hands of his enemies, and by means of Mons'r Curler obtained his liberty.' On the 4th July following, Jeremias van Rensselaer writing to Holland, announces that ' our cousin Arendt van Curler proceeds overland to Canada, Iiaving obtained leave from our general, and been invited thither by the viceroy, M. de Tracy. In an evil hour he embarked on board a frail canoe to cross Lake Champlain, and having been overtaken by a storm was drowned, I believe, near Split Rock. In his death this country experienced a public loss, and the French of Canada a warm and efficient friend.' "^

a O'Callaghan's Hist. N. N. 322, 3.

COUNTY OB^ WESTCHESTER. 283

Upon the 15th of January, A. D. 1676, the following letters of administration were granted unto Mr. William Beeckman of the estate of Jiiffrou"^ Slaghboom.

^^ Edmund Andross, Esq., ^c.

"Whereas Juffrou Antonia Slaghboom, the widow and relict of Monsieur Arenilt van Curler, late of Schanecktade near Albany, is lately dead, and in her last will and testament did nominate and appoint William Beeckman, sen., of this city to be her executor, and the said William Beeckman having made application unto me for letters of administration upon the estate of the deceased ("^ (fee, &c.

On the 10th of July, 1651, sixteen years prior to his death, Arendt van Corlear, transported Broncks'' land to Jacob van StoU, from whom it passed through several proprietors to Herman Smeeman.

22d of Oct. 1664. " Herman Smeeman of Comoonepan on the maine, sold to Samuel Edsall all that certain tract of land situated on the East river through Hell-gate, commonly called Broncks' land, containing 500 acres." This sale was confirmed to Edsall by royal pitent the sa ne year.

On the 10th of July, 1651, sixteen years prior to his death, Arendt van Corlear, transported Broncks'' land to Jacob van StoU, from whom it passed through several proprietors to Herman Smeeman.

22d of Oct. 1664. " Herman Smeeman of Comoonepan on the maine, sold to Samuel Edsall all that certain tract of land situated on the East river through Hell-gate, commonly called Broncks' land, containing 500 acres." This sale was confirmed to Edsall by royal pitent the sa ne year.

NICOLLS' PATENT FOR BRONCK'S LAND.

Richard Nieolls, Esq., governor general under his royal highness, James, Duke of York and Albany, of all his territories in America, To all to wham these presents shall come, sendeth greeting. Whereas there was a patent or ground brief heretofore granted by the Dutch Gov. Will'm Kieft, unto Arent van Curler for a certaine tract or parcel of land formerly in the tenure or occupation o^ Jonas Broncks, commonly called by the Indians by the name of Ranachque, and by the English Broncks land, lying and being on the maine to the east and over against Harlem low7i, having a certain small creek or kill which runs between the north-west part of it and Litlle Barnes Island, near Hell-gate, and so goes into the East river and a greater creek or river which divides it from Manhattoes Islands, containing about 500 acres or 250 maro-on of land, and including all the push thereunto annexed or adjoining, which said patent or ground brief so granted as aforesaid, bearing date the

Will'm Kieft, unto Arent van Curler for a certaine tract or parcel of land formerly in the tenure or occupation o^ Jonas Broncks, commonly called by the Indians by the name of Ranachque, and by the English Broncks land, lying and being on the maine to the east and over against Harlem low7i, having a certain small creek or kill which runs between the north-west part of it and Litlle Barnes Island, near Hell-gate, and so goes into the East river and a greater creek or river which divides it from Manhattoes Islands, containing about 500 acres or 250 maro-on of land, and including all the push thereunto annexed or adjoining, which said patent or ground brief so granted as aforesaid, bearing date the

A title of distiuction for a lady among the Dutch. Surrogate's Office, N. Y. 2G1.

284 HISTORY OF THE

2Qlh day of OcLohcr, 1644, was by the said Arenl van Curler, upon the 10th day of July, 1651, transported and made over unto Jacob Jans Stall, and upon the 19th day of December, 1062, conveyed by Matthews de Vos, as attorney of Geerlruyt Andries, the widow of the said Jacob Jansen S'oH, unto Geeririeu Hendrick, formerly the widow of Andries Hoppen, and by her upon the same day, (with the approbation and consent of Dirck Girrits van Tright, then hfer husband,) made over to Harmati Smeeman, who, upon the 22d day of October, 1664, sold and conveyed the same for a valuable consideration unto Samuel Edsall, late of this city, beaver maker, now for a confirmation unto him, the said Samuel Edsall, in his possession and enjoyment of the premises, Know ye that by virtue of the commission and autisority unto me given by his royal highness, I liave ratified, confirmed, and granted unto the said Samuel Edsall, his heirs and assignees, all the aforesaid parcel of land and premises, with all the soil, woods, pastures, meadow ground, marshes, commonage, creeks, waters, lakes, fishing, hawking, hunting and fowling, within the limits before set forth, described, and all other profits, commodities and emoluments to the said parcel or part of land belonging or in anywise appertaining, to have and to hold the said parcel or part of land and premises unto the said Samuel Edsall, his heirs and assignees, unto the proper use and behoof of the said Samuel Edsall, his heirs and assignees, forever, rendering and paying such duties and acknowledgments as now are or hereafter shall be constituted and established by the laws of this government, under the obedience of his royal highness, his heirs and successors.

2Qlh day of OcLohcr, 1644, was by the said Arenl van Curler, upon the 10th day of July, 1651, transported and made over unto Jacob Jans Stall, and upon the 19th day of December, 1062, conveyed by Matthews de Vos, as attorney of Geerlruyt Andries, the widow of the said Jacob Jansen S'oH, unto Geeririeu Hendrick, formerly the widow of Andries Hoppen, and by her upon the same day, (with the approbation and consent of Dirck Girrits van Tright, then hfer husband,) made over to Harmati Smeeman, who, upon the 22d day of October, 1664, sold and conveyed the same for a valuable consideration unto Samuel Edsall, late of this city, beaver maker, now for a confirmation unto him, the said Samuel Edsall, in his possession and enjoyment of the premises, Know ye that by virtue of the commission and autisority unto me given by his royal highness, I liave ratified, confirmed, and granted unto the said Samuel Edsall, his heirs and assignees, all the aforesaid parcel of land and premises, with all the soil, woods, pastures, meadow ground, marshes, commonage, creeks, waters, lakes, fishing, hawking, hunting and fowling, within the limits before set forth, described, and all other profits, commodities and emoluments to the said parcel or part of land belonging or in anywise appertaining, to have and to hold the said parcel or part of land and premises unto the said Samuel Edsall, his heirs and assignees, unto the proper use and behoof of the said Samuel Edsall, his heirs and assignees, forever, rendering and paying such duties and acknowledgments as now are or hereafter shall be constituted and established by the laws of this government, under the obedience of his royal highness, his heirs and successors. Given under my hand and seal at Fort James in New York, on the island of Manhattoes, the day of in the 20th year of his majestie's reign.

Given under my hand and seal at Fort James in New York, on the island of Manhattoes, the day of in the 20th year of his majestie's reign. Anno Domini 166 •

Richard Nicolls.

The next possessor of Bronck\' land was Captain Richard Morris, who must have purchased of Edsall, cir. 1670. Mr. Sparks says : " That there was a contract, dated the 10th of August, 1670, in which Pvichard is styled a merchant in INew York, and Lewis, his brother, a merchant in Barbadoes."" " Jt follows," (remarks Duiilap.) "that Ricliard was in Barbadoes in 1670, and contracted to come on to New York to purchase this grant of Morrisania for himself and brother, Lewis, who was to follow and settle on it ; but that lie did not come until the peace of 1674, when he found the son of his brother an orphan, took him mider his protection, and built at Morrisania."''

•^ Articles of agreement were entered into between the two brothers, that if either of them died without issue, the survivor, or issue of the survivor, if any, should take the estate. - -.•■

<■ Uaulap's Hist, of N. Y. vol. i. 272. v ,'-. '

To face pnge 284, vol. ii.

Arms. gu. a

Colnnfl Lewis Morris, proprietor of IheTlntern estal Monaioutlishire, England ; emigrated to Barbado< in l(i()2; removed to Morrisani,i, A. D. 1674.

I '

Daughter-- John Walters, of Piercefield, Monmouthshire, England,

!raliam, -w York,

John Morris of-

.Grizzle Wal- VV

•^ Articles of agreement were entered into between the two brothers, that if either of them died without issue, the survivor, or issue of the survivor, if any, should take the estate. - -.•■

<■ Uaulap's Hist, of N. Y. vol. i. 272. v ,'-. '

To face pnge 284, vol. ii.

Arms. gu. a

Colnnfl Lewis Morris, proprietor of IheTlntern estal Monaioutlishire, England ; emigrated to Barbado< in l(i()2; removed to Morrisani,i, A. D. 1674.

I '

Daughter-- John Walters, of Piercefield, Monmouthshire, England,

!raliam, -w York,

John Morris of-

.Grizzle Wal- VV

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Robert R. William H, Calliarine=iA

284 HISTORY OF THE

20lh day of Oclobcr, 1644, was by the said Arenl van Curler, upon the 10th day of July, 1651, transported and made over unto Jacob Jans Stall, and upon the 19th day of December, 1062, conveyed by Matthews de Vos, as attorney of Geerlruyt Andries, the widow of the said Jacob Jansen S/oll, unto Geertrieu Hendrick, formerly the widow of Andries Hoppen, and by her upon the same day, (with the approbation and consent of Dirck Girrits van Tright, then her husband,) m.ade over to Harman Smeeman, who, upon the 22d day of October, 1664, sx)Id and conveyed the same for a valuable consideration unto Samuel Edsall, late of this city, beaver maker, now for a contirrnation unto him, the said Samuel Edsall, in his possession and enjoyment of the premises.

20lh day of Oclobcr, 1644, was by the said Arenl van Curler, upon the 10th day of July, 1651, transported and made over unto Jacob Jans Stall, and upon the 19th day of December, 1062, conveyed by Matthews de Vos, as attorney of Geerlruyt Andries, the widow of the said Jacob Jansen S/oll, unto Geertrieu Hendrick, formerly the widow of Andries Hoppen, and by her upon the same day, (with the approbation and consent of Dirck Girrits van Tright, then her husband,) m.ade over to Harman Smeeman, who, upon the 22d day of October, 1664, sx)Id and conveyed the same for a valuable consideration unto Samuel Edsall, late of this city, beaver maker, now for a contirrnation unto him, the said Samuel Edsall, in his possession and enjoyment of the premises. Know ye that by virtue of the commission and authority unto me given by his royal highness, I iiave ratified, confirmed, and granted unto the said Samuel Edsall, his heirs and assignees, all the aforesaid parcel of land and premises, with all the soil, woods, pastures, meadow ground, marshes, commonage, creeks, waters, lakes, fishing, hawking, hunting and fowling, within the limits before set forth, described, and all other profits, commodities and emoluments to the said parcel or part of land belonging or in anywise appertaining, to have and to hold the said parcel or part of land and premises unto the said Samuel Edsall, his heirs and assignees, unto the proper use and behoof of the said Samuel Edsall, his heirs and assignees, forever, rendering and paying such duties and acknowledgments as now are or hereafter shall be constituted and established by the laws of this government, under the obedience of his royal highness, i>is heirs and successors. Given under my liand and seal at Fort James in New York, on the island of Manhattoes, the day of in the 20th year of his majestie's reign.

Know ye that by virtue of the commission and authority unto me given by his royal highness, I iiave ratified, confirmed, and granted unto the said Samuel Edsall, his heirs and assignees, all the aforesaid parcel of land and premises, with all the soil, woods, pastures, meadow ground, marshes, commonage, creeks, waters, lakes, fishing, hawking, hunting and fowling, within the limits before set forth, described, and all other profits, commodities and emoluments to the said parcel or part of land belonging or in anywise appertaining, to have and to hold the said parcel or part of land and premises unto the said Samuel Edsall, his heirs and assignees, unto the proper use and behoof of the said Samuel Edsall, his heirs and assignees, forever, rendering and paying such duties and acknowledgments as now are or hereafter shall be constituted and established by the laws of this government, under the obedience of his royal highness, i>is heirs and successors. Given under my liand and seal at Fort James in New York, on the island of Manhattoes, the day of in the 20th year of his majestie's reign. Anno Domini 166 .

Richard Nicolls.

The next possessor of BroncWs land was Captain Richard Blorris, who must have purchased of Edsall, cir. 1670. Mr. Sparks says : " That there was a contract, dated the 10th of August, 1670, in which Richard is styled a merchant in Mew York, and Lewis, his brother, a merchant in Barbadoes."* " it follows," (remarks Dunlapj) "that Richard was in Barbadoes in 1670, and contracted to come on to New York to purchase this grant of Morrisania for himself and brother, Lewis, who was to follow and settle on it ; but tliat he did not come until the peace of 1674, when he found the son of his brother an orphan, took him imder his protection, and built at Morrisania."'^

Sparks says : " That there was a contract, dated the 10th of August, 1670, in which Richard is styled a merchant in Mew York, and Lewis, his brother, a merchant in Barbadoes."* " it follows," (remarks Dunlapj) "that Richard was in Barbadoes in 1670, and contracted to come on to New York to purchase this grant of Morrisania for himself and brother, Lewis, who was to follow and settle on it ; but tliat he did not come until the peace of 1674, when he found the son of his brother an orphan, took him imder his protection, and built at Morrisania."'^

a Articles of agreement were entered into between the two brothers, that if either of them died witiiout issue, the survivor, or issue of t!ie survivor, if any, should take the estate.

I Daulap's Hist, of N. Y. vol, i. 272.

PEDIGREE OF MORRIS OF MORRISANU.

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The Morris family are originally of Welch origin, and " lineally descend from Elystan Glodrydd, a powerful British chieftain, born in 933, who derived his name, Elystan, (or Athelstan,) from the Saxon king, Athelstan, who was his godfather. The appellation of Glodrydd, or the Illustrious, was bestowed upon him, indicative of his personal deeds, as well as of his rank and extensive possessions, which comprised nearly all the lands between the Severn and the Wye. He died iti the early part of the eleventh century, leaving by Gwladys, daughter of Rhun ap Eduowain, Prince of Tegengl, a son, Cadwgan ap Elystan, Lord of Builth and Radnor, who married Margaret, daughter of Brockwel ap Aeddan, of Povvys.

The appellation of Glodrydd, or the Illustrious, was bestowed upon him, indicative of his personal deeds, as well as of his rank and extensive possessions, which comprised nearly all the lands between the Severn and the Wye. He died iti the early part of the eleventh century, leaving by Gwladys, daughter of Rhun ap Eduowain, Prince of Tegengl, a son, Cadwgan ap Elystan, Lord of Builth and Radnor, who married Margaret, daughter of Brockwel ap Aeddan, of Povvys. Sixteenth in descent from Cadwgan was [for intervening descent, see Bar he'' s History of till Landed Gentry of England, vol. iii. p. 233) Morys=^ ap Mor- GAN."b About the middle of the fifteenth century, a branch settled in Monmouthshire, and became possessed of large estates there, at Tintern, Denham, Ponterry, &c. It was represented in 1035 by three brothers, viz. Lewis, William and Richard Morris. Lewis, who inherited the paternal estate of Tintern, raised a troop of horse in support of the Parliament, for which Charles the First confiscated his estates in Monmouthshire. In return for his losses, Oliver Cromwell subsequently indemnified him. At the attack upon Chepstow Castle, which was defended by Sir Nicholas Kemishj the king's general, Lewis Morris was the second in command. After an obstinate resistance, the garrison was reduced by cutting off the supply of water which ran through the estate of Pearcefield, then owned by Col. Morris' son-in-law, John Walters, and setting fire to the castle. From this circumstance, the family assumed as their crest a castle in flames, with the following motto, "tandem vincitur" -- at length lie is conquered.

At the attack upon Chepstow Castle, which was defended by Sir Nicholas Kemishj the king's general, Lewis Morris was the second in command. After an obstinate resistance, the garrison was reduced by cutting off the supply of water which ran through the estate of Pearcefield, then owned by Col. Morris' son-in-law, John Walters, and setting fire to the castle. From this circumstance, the family assumed as their crest a castle in flames, with the following motto, "tandem vincitur" -- at length lie is conquered.

» This name, originally spelt Mawr-rwyce or Mawr-rhys, was changed into Maurice, Morrice and Morris. " Mars, IMavors, WalUce, ' Mawr-rwyce,' and AuuUc.e ; ' warlike, powerful," is a title applied to sucli of the ancient chieftains as were preeminent for valor, whose numerous descendants account for the presejit frequency of the name in Wales. To this one of the mottoes borne by the family of Morris seems to have reference, ' Marte el marl fuvenlihus."' -- Burke's flistory of the Landed Gentry.

i) Burke's History of the Landed Gentry, vol. iv. 4S8.

286 HISTOR\^ OF THE

In 1654, he was despatched by Cromwell to the Spanish West Indies, with orders to mf\ke himself master of those seas. In this undertaking he was aided by his nephew, Captain John Morris, who had been long settled on the Island of Barbadoes. While on this service, Captain Lewis Morris purchased a large estate in that island. When the Protector sent forces to attack Hispaniola, under Admirals Penn and Venables, he forwarded a vacant regiment and a colonel's commission to him, with instructions that the forces were to land as directed by Colonel Morris. The failure of the expedition is said to have been owing, in a great measure, to a non-compliance with his directions.^ In the attack upon the Island of Jamaica, Lewis was second in command.

While on this service, Captain Lewis Morris purchased a large estate in that island. When the Protector sent forces to attack Hispaniola, under Admirals Penn and Venables, he forwarded a vacant regiment and a colonel's commission to him, with instructions that the forces were to land as directed by Colonel Morris. The failure of the expedition is said to have been owing, in a great measure, to a non-compliance with his directions.^ In the attack upon the Island of Jamaica, Lewis was second in command. On ihe restoration of King Charles the Second, Colonel Morris deemed it prudent not to return to England, where his family had played so bold a part. In 1663, he, with others, purchased the Island of St. Lucia of Araivvatta Baba, chief proprietor of the Carribee Islands. He subsequently emigrated to the province of New York in 1674.

William Morris, who had for his portion Denham, also joined the Parliamentary service, and took an active part against the king, when (through his favorite, the Marquis of Worcester,) he attempted to enclose Wendswood chase, Monmouthshire. Upon the defeat of the popular party, William determined upon a sea voyage, until the storm should have blown over. He was lost at sea. His son John received a captain's commission from the Parliament in 1651. Like his father, he also perished at sea oft" Deal Castle in 1688. His body was found under the walls of the castle, and buried with military honors. His descendants are still numerous in the Island of Barbadoes.

Upon the defeat of the popular party, William determined upon a sea voyage, until the storm should have blown over. He was lost at sea. His son John received a captain's commission from the Parliament in 1651. Like his father, he also perished at sea oft" Deal Castle in 1688. His body was found under the walls of the castle, and buried with military honors. His descendants are still numerous in the Island of Barbadoes.

Richard Morris, the youngest of the three, held a captain's commission in his brother's regiment. Upon the restoration, he retired to the Island of Barbadoes, where he married a lady of large fortune, by the name of Pole. This individual was the first proprietor of Morrisania in 1670. The following letter addressed by the secretary of the colony to '• Colonel Lewis Morris, at the Is-

» Admiral Penn's Journal, in possession of the late Thomas Penn.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 287

land of Barbadoes," establishes the death of Richard, and Sarah, his wife.

: ;: - ■ ■; , ~ •: New York, 29th Oct. 1672. Worthy Sir, -- Since my reception of yours by Wm. Shackerly, no opportunity of conveyance to you hath presented from hence till this present. Although by the way of Boston, I suppose you would sooner receive the sad tidings of your brother's decease, in whom as you have lost an only brother so have I a dear friend ; 1 shall not insist upon many particulars relating thereto; our general letters arriving to you herewith I hope sufficiently inform you ; yet I cannot but reflect upon the transitory condition of poor mortals, when I frequently call to mind in how little time God hath been pleased to break a family, in taking away the heads thereof; first, a virtuous young woman in the prime of life, and then a man full of strength and vigor, inured to hardships, of whom there is remaining but one poor blossom, of whom yet there may be great hope with your kind friendship, for it is a lovely, healthy child, and was well at Harlem, where it is at nurse, and I went to see it yesterday.

Although by the way of Boston, I suppose you would sooner receive the sad tidings of your brother's decease, in whom as you have lost an only brother so have I a dear friend ; 1 shall not insist upon many particulars relating thereto; our general letters arriving to you herewith I hope sufficiently inform you ; yet I cannot but reflect upon the transitory condition of poor mortals, when I frequently call to mind in how little time God hath been pleased to break a family, in taking away the heads thereof; first, a virtuous young woman in the prime of life, and then a man full of strength and vigor, inured to hardships, of whom there is remaining but one poor blossom, of whom yet there may be great hope with your kind friendship, for it is a lovely, healthy child, and was well at Harlem, where it is at nurse, and I went to see it yesterday. I was also at the plantation on the other side, when there was some public correction of two or three negroes, and breaking the necks of a mutiny among the white men by Mr. Gibbs, and through his vigilance it is now in good order. The crime of the negroes is reported to be so natural to them, which was both stealing and receiving stolen goods.

Worthy sir.

Your most dutiful

Humble servant,

Matthias Nicoll. ^ The Governor presents you his kind respects and service.

Col. Lewis Morris,

At the Island of Barbadoes.

I was also at the plantation on the other side, when there was some public correction of two or three negroes, and breaking the necks of a mutiny among the white men by Mr. Gibbs, and through his vigilance it is now in good order. The crime of the negroes is reported to be so natural to them, which was both stealing and receiving stolen goods.

Worthy sir.

Your most dutiful

Humble servant,

Matthias Nicoll. ^ The Governor presents you his kind respects and service.

Col. Lewis Morris,

At the Island of Barbadoes.

'' Letters of administration of the estate of Captain Richard Morris, brother of Colonel Lewis Morris, were granted to Mr. Matthew Nicolls Major, Captain Thomas De Lavall, Mr. Come-

288 HISTORY OF THE

lins Steenwycl?, Captain John Berry, and Mr. Thomas Gibb?, trustees, in 1672."^

'•Lewis Morris," (continues Mr, Dunlap,) "tells us in the preamble to his will, that his 'mother died when' he 'was about six months old,' and his father not long after, in New York, where he was left an orphan entirely in the hands of strangers, who were appointed by the government to take care of him." He thus lost his parents, (wlio were probably English, avoiding the restoration of kingly government in that country,) when Francis Lovelace was governor of New York, and between the years 1667 and 1673, when the province was again surrendered to the Dutch, and the boy "put by their magistrates into the hands of the trustees, by thern appointed to take care of him, and of what efiects their soldiers had left unplundered ; and after the surrender of New York to the English," by the peace of 1674, his "uncle came to these parts of America, and kindly took care of him, until he came to man's estate."''

'•Lewis Morris," (continues Mr, Dunlap,) "tells us in the preamble to his will, that his 'mother died when' he 'was about six months old,' and his father not long after, in New York, where he was left an orphan entirely in the hands of strangers, who were appointed by the government to take care of him." He thus lost his parents, (wlio were probably English, avoiding the restoration of kingly government in that country,) when Francis Lovelace was governor of New York, and between the years 1667 and 1673, when the province was again surrendered to the Dutch, and the boy "put by their magistrates into the hands of the trustees, by thern appointed to take care of him, and of what efiects their soldiers had left unplundered ; and after the surrender of New York to the English," by the peace of 1674, his "uncle came to these parts of America, and kindly took care of him, until he came to man's estate."''

In 1676, Lewis Morris, second proprietor of Morrisania, and brother of Richard, obtained the following letters patent :

'' GOVERNOR ANDROS'S PATENT FOR BRONCKS' LAND,

Edmund Andros, Esq., seigneur of Sausmarez, lieut. gov'r gen'i under his royal highness, James, Duke of York, and of all his territories in America, to all to whom these presents shall come, with greeting. Whereas Col. Lewis Morris of the island of Barbadoes hath long enjoyed and by patent stands possest of a certain plantation and tract of land, lying and being upon the maine, over against the town of Haerlem, commonly called Broncks' land, the same containing about five hundred acres, or two hundred and fifty morgen of land, besides the meadow thereunto annexed or adjoinir;g, cotted and bounded as in the original Dutch ground brief and patent of confirmation is sett forth, and the said Col.

Lewis Morris of the island of Barbadoes hath long enjoyed and by patent stands possest of a certain plantation and tract of land, lying and being upon the maine, over against the town of Haerlem, commonly called Broncks' land, the same containing about five hundred acres, or two hundred and fifty morgen of land, besides the meadow thereunto annexed or adjoinir;g, cotted and bounded as in the original Dutch ground brief and patent of confirmation is sett forth, and the said Col. Morris having made good improvement upon the said land, and there lying lands adjacent to him not included in any patent or grants, which land the said Col. Morris doth desire for further improvement, this said land and addition being bounded from his own house over against Haerlem, running up Haerlem river to Daniel Turner's land. and so along his said land northward to John Archers's line, and from thence slretchins east

• Surrogate's OfBce, N. Y. lib. i. 173. } Durilap's Hist. N. Y. vol. i. 27:2.

COUiNTY OF W IvSTCIIEJSTER. 289

to ihe land of John Ricliardson and Tliomas Hunt, and thence ahmg the Sound about southwest, through Bronck's kill, to the said Col. Morris his house, the additional land containing (according to the survey thereof,) the quantity of fourteen hundred, and the whole, one thousand nine hundred and twenty acres. Now know ye that by virtue of the commission and authority unto me given by his royal highness, T have confirmed granted, and given, and do hereby confirm, give, and grant unto the said Col Morris, his heirs and assignees, the afore recited land before possest by him, and the additional land herein exprest, and bounded as aforesaid, together with the woods and meadows, both salt and fresh waters and creeks belonging to the said land and premises, in his royal highness's gift, with all and singular the appurtenances to have and to hold these said lands and premises unto the said Col.

Now know ye that by virtue of the commission and authority unto me given by his royal highness, T have confirmed granted, and given, and do hereby confirm, give, and grant unto the said Col Morris, his heirs and assignees, the afore recited land before possest by him, and the additional land herein exprest, and bounded as aforesaid, together with the woods and meadows, both salt and fresh waters and creeks belonging to the said land and premises, in his royal highness's gift, with all and singular the appurtenances to have and to hold these said lands and premises unto the said Col. Lewis Morris, his heirs and assignees, unto the proper use and behoof of him the said Col. Lewis Morris, his heirs and assignees forever. He continuing in obedience and conforming himself according to the laws of this government and yielding and paying therefor yearly and every year as a quitt rent to his royal highness five bushels of good winter wheat.

Given under my hand and sealed with the seal of the province of New York, this five and twentieth day of March in the eighth and twentieth year of his majesty's reign. Anno Domini, 1676.

Recorded by order of the gov'r the Andross,

day and year above written.

Matthias Nicolls, Sec.

A confirmalion from the Indians occurs on the 7th of February, 1684.

" To all to whom this present writing shall come, doth witness, that we Shahash, Panazarah, Wanacapeen, Kneed, Taquamarke, and Awarazawis, having formerly sold unto Jonas Broncks a large tract of land lying and being between ye river commonly called Broncks' river and Harlem kill, and more especially that tract of land that Colonel Morris stands now possest of, as his draught and ground brief bearing date in ye year 1675, excepting forty morgena of land that we sold Daniel Turner ye elder, being bounded on the west side with Harlem river, the aforesaid Colonel Morris his land, being bounded on the north side with the land of John Archer, beginning at Crabb Island and running east or thereabouts until it comes to ye corner tree of Richardson and Hunt and so down to ye southward according to ye marked line until it come to ye bound brook between ye said Colonel Morris and ye said Richardson and Hunt, and from thence along ye creek to ye Sound or Eist river until you come to Daniel Turner's land, that's above mentioned, including the purchase of ye said Colonel Morris, that point of land called Nauasin, where

" To all to whom this present writing shall come, doth witness, that we Shahash, Panazarah, Wanacapeen, Kneed, Taquamarke, and Awarazawis, having formerly sold unto Jonas Broncks a large tract of land lying and being between ye river commonly called Broncks' river and Harlem kill, and more especially that tract of land that Colonel Morris stands now possest of, as his draught and ground brief bearing date in ye year 1675, excepting forty morgena of land that we sold Daniel Turner ye elder, being bounded on the west side with Harlem river, the aforesaid Colonel Morris his land, being bounded on the north side with the land of John Archer, beginning at Crabb Island and running east or thereabouts until it comes to ye corner tree of Richardson and Hunt and so down to ye southward according to ye marked line until it come to ye bound brook between ye said Colonel Morris and ye said Richardson and Hunt, and from thence along ye creek to ye Sound or Eist river until you come to Daniel Turner's land, that's above mentioned, including the purchase of ye said Colonel Morris, that point of land called Nauasin, where

' A Dutch moygeu measured a little le.ss than two acres English,

Vol. II. 37

290 HISTORY OF THE , . / .-,•

formerly lived a Frenchman named Marcus Dossisway, all which parcel or tract of land we do for ourselves, our heirs, executors, administrators, and assignees, fully and wholly acquit and discharge for ever ye said Colonel Morris, his heyres, executors, and administrators, of all and every part and parcel of ye residue of ye money that should have been paid by ye aforesaid Broncks for the purchase of ye said land, declaring to the world that we acknowledge for ourselves, our heyres, executors, and assignees, to be fully paid, satisfied, and contented.

formerly lived a Frenchman named Marcus Dossisway, all which parcel or tract of land we do for ourselves, our heirs, executors, administrators, and assignees, fully and wholly acquit and discharge for ever ye said Colonel Morris, his heyres, executors, and administrators, of all and every part and parcel of ye residue of ye money that should have been paid by ye aforesaid Broncks for the purchase of ye said land, declaring to the world that we acknowledge for ourselves, our heyres, executors, and assignees, to be fully paid, satisfied, and contented. In witness whereof we have hereunto sett out hands and fixed our seals this seventh day of February, 1684, in presence of us,

Samuel Edsall, Ye mark X Taquamarke.

John Bassetf, Ye mark 0 Wanacapeen. ,

John Manton, Signed and sealed by Awanawis, Witnessed by Longe Classe, Shahash, and Kneed, in presence a lady Wastowancett, of us, Ye marke of )^ Awanawis,

John Ibenny, Ye marke of I Shahash,

Edward Harrall, Y^e marke of ^ Kneed.

John Edsall.

On ihe 25ih of October, 1676, Colonel Morris purchased a large tract of land in East Jersey, consisting of 3540 acres, which he named Tintern and Monmouth, after the paternal estate in Monmouthshire, Wales.

The last will and testament of Colonel Morris bears date 7th of February, 1690. Although twice married, he left no issue; his nephew, therefore, according to the agreement of 1670, succeeded to the estates. Upon the loth of May, 1691, Henry Sloughter, Captain General and Governor-in-chief, " granted letters testamentary to Lewis Morris, nephew to Colonel Morris, the executrix being dead."

On ihe 25ih of October, 1676, Colonel Morris purchased a large tract of land in East Jersey, consisting of 3540 acres, which he named Tintern and Monmouth, after the paternal estate in Monmouthshire, Wales.

The last will and testament of Colonel Morris bears date 7th of February, 1690. Although twice married, he left no issue; his nephew, therefore, according to the agreement of 1670, succeeded to the estates. Upon the loth of May, 1691, Henry Sloughter, Captain General and Governor-in-chief, " granted letters testamentary to Lewis Morris, nephew to Colonel Morris, the executrix being dead."

THE LAST WILL OF LEWIS MORRIS.

Whereas I formerly intended to have made my nephew, Lewis Morris", son of my deceased brother, Richard Morris, my sole executor ; his many and great miscarryages and disobedience towards me and my wife, and his causeless absenting himself from my house, and adhering to and advizeing with those of bad life and conversation, contrary to my directions and example unto him, and for other reasons best known to myselfe, I doe make and ordaine my dearly beloved wife, Mary MorriS; sole executrix of this my last will and tesment ; and

To the meeting of Friends at Shrewsbury, in Monmouth co., five pounds

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 291

current money of New York per annum forever, lo be paid out of his plantation -.t Tinton ironworks, to be paid on 25th March yearly.

To Thomas Webley, of Shrewsbury, 250 acres on the westermost part of his 2000 acres, lying between Swimming River and Hop River, Monmouth CO., -- he paying quit rent one half penny sterling pr acre.

To the meeting of Friends at Shrewsbury, in Monmouth co., five pounds

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 291

current money of New York per annum forever, lo be paid out of his plantation -.t Tinton ironworks, to be paid on 25th March yearly.

To Thomas Webley, of Shrewsbury, 250 acres on the westermost part of his 2000 acres, lying between Swimming River and Hop River, Monmouth CO., -- he paying quit rent one half penny sterling pr acre.

To Lewis Morris, of Shrewsbury, one of his best mares in the woods, and £■20 N. York curr'y.

To his nephew, Lewis Morris, son of his brother, Richard Morris, as soon as he attains the age of 21, the rest, residue, and remainder of his e'te ; i. e. his plantation and iron works at Tinton, with all lands, meadows, houses, barns, mills, runs and ponds of water, water courses, rivers, woods, trees, orchards, gardens, all his negroes on that plantation, cattel, horse, kinde, swine, and all other creatures; all household gnods, utensils, moveables, immo'bles, bills, bonds, patents, books of ac, debts belong'g to ye place, all profits, priviledges and appurt'ces : also one flat handled spoon, one small tankard, one salt cellar, one small sugar box all of silver, one small cabinet sealed up ; -- wherein is four pearl necklaces, three or four jewels set in gold, and several other things of value ; one negro woman named Bess, -- which forementioned plate, cabinett, and negro woman, were his brother's -- unto which he adds all the children of said woman Bess, except one that is otherwise disposed of; 1 doz. silver spoons, one large tankard, one large tumbler, one small tumbler, and one porringer, all of silver ; all which last mentioned things he gives his nephew in lieu of some things that are lost and supposed to be embezzled by Walter Webley ; also £20 in silver current at New York, and ten guinneys, the whole given with this restriction and limitation, that he shall quietly and peaceably acquiess and submit himself wholly and absolutely unto every thing mentioned or to be m'd in his will and t't, and shall make no opposition or objection against the same, nor any part thereof, but to his power shall perform and fulfill all things whatsoever that on his part I have hereby enjoyned unto him ; otherwise, it is my final determination and result, that if my said nephew, Lewis Morris, his h'rs or as's, on any pretence or right from his father afd, whether by partnerships with me or purchase, or any way else, shall at any time hereafter, either by himself or any other person or persons claiming from, for, by or under him or them, by any manner of way or means whats'r, make any demand or pretend any right, title or int't to any part or p'l of estate that now doth or may hereafter belong unto me, more than I have by these presents entitled him unto, than to what I have by these presents entitled him him unto, then, and in such case, I do hereby revoake, nullifie and make void, all and every part of what I have herein before given and beq unto my said neph'w, L.

To his nephew, Lewis Morris, son of his brother, Richard Morris, as soon as he attains the age of 21, the rest, residue, and remainder of his e'te ; i. e. his plantation and iron works at Tinton, with all lands, meadows, houses, barns, mills, runs and ponds of water, water courses, rivers, woods, trees, orchards, gardens, all his negroes on that plantation, cattel, horse, kinde, swine, and all other creatures; all household gnods, utensils, moveables, immo'bles, bills, bonds, patents, books of ac, debts belong'g to ye place, all profits, priviledges and appurt'ces : also one flat handled spoon, one small tankard, one salt cellar, one small sugar box all of silver, one small cabinet sealed up ; -- wherein is four pearl necklaces, three or four jewels set in gold, and several other things of value ; one negro woman named Bess, -- which forementioned plate, cabinett, and negro woman, were his brother's -- unto which he adds all the children of said woman Bess, except one that is otherwise disposed of; 1 doz. silver spoons, one large tankard, one large tumbler, one small tumbler, and one porringer, all of silver ; all which last mentioned things he gives his nephew in lieu of some things that are lost and supposed to be embezzled by Walter Webley ; also £20 in silver current at New York, and ten guinneys, the whole given with this restriction and limitation, that he shall quietly and peaceably acquiess and submit himself wholly and absolutely unto every thing mentioned or to be m'd in his will and t't, and shall make no opposition or objection against the same, nor any part thereof, but to his power shall perform and fulfill all things whatsoever that on his part I have hereby enjoyned unto him ; otherwise, it is my final determination and result, that if my said nephew, Lewis Morris, his h'rs or as's, on any pretence or right from his father afd, whether by partnerships with me or purchase, or any way else, shall at any time hereafter, either by himself or any other person or persons claiming from, for, by or under him or them, by any manner of way or means whats'r, make any demand or pretend any right, title or int't to any part or p'l of estate that now doth or may hereafter belong unto me, more than I have by these presents entitled him unto, than to what I have by these presents entitled him him unto, then, and in such case, I do hereby revoake, nullifie and make void, all and every part of what I have herein before given and beq unto my said neph'w, L.

M. And my will is, that in case of any disturbance by my s'd n'w conc'g the premi's or any part or par of e'te, real or p'l, hereby oth'se beq'd, and that my s'd dearly bel'd wife Mary M., her h'rs or as, shall thenceforth and then immediately enter into possession, have, occupie and enjoy all and co'n part and parcel of ye before recited premises, beq'ts and legacys given

292 - ' HISTORY OF THE

or to b g, to my s'd nV L. M., if he or any, under pretence of him, shall at any time molest my s'd wife, her heirs or assigns, in her or their peac'bl enjoy't of whatsoever est'te, r' or p'l. that is or shall be herein and hereby given and beq'd unto her or them, any thing herein con'd to the contr'ry notw'hst'g, o7ily giveing unlo him ; and I doe hereby give and bequeath unto m s'd n L. M. the sum of ten pounds cur't money of N. Y., to be paid unto him by my s'd ex'x, h h's and as's in full of my bequests and legacys unlo him in case of any such disturbance or molestation as aforesaid.

Item. I give and beq unto my hon'd friend. William Penn, my negro man Yaff, provided the said Penn shall come to dwell in America ; otherwise the s'd Yaff is to serve my said wife equally with other negroes. I{e7n. I give and beq unto Wdliam Bickley one negro girl named Maria. Ilem. . . .

Y., to be paid unto him by my s'd ex'x, h h's and as's in full of my bequests and legacys unlo him in case of any such disturbance or molestation as aforesaid.

Item. I give and beq unto my hon'd friend. William Penn, my negro man Yaff, provided the said Penn shall come to dwell in America ; otherwise the s'd Yaff is to serve my said wife equally with other negroes. I{e7n. I give and beq unto Wdliam Bickley one negro girl named Maria. Ilem. . . .

. to Wm. Richardson one negro boy named Jack. Ilem to

Sam'l Palmer one n. girl named Buckey. 'l!em. I . . . unto my negro man Toney, the cooper, the sum of 40 shillings a yeare during his life, besides his usual accommodation. Ilem unlo my negro w'n Nell

her ffreedom and liberty to goe alt large wheres'r she shall please after the dec'se of my s'd wife. These two last beq'ts are with this restriction and limitation, that they yield all duty, full submis'n and failhfl obed'ce in all respects as becom'h dilig't serv'ts tow'ds my wife ; otherwise, they are to enjoy no benefit hereby, but their beq'ts to be void, as if never written or ment. Ilem. I g and b unto John Adams, of Flushing, h h and as's, the sum of five pounds, which is due to me on his obligacon. Ilem. Moreover, I g and beq unto my said nep'w, L. M., all my land and m'vvs alt Mattinicot, on Long Isl'd, together with all the profits and privil'es adv'g thereof, to him, his heirs and as's for ever, tog'r wiih one half of all my pewter and the one half of all my house linen for bedding and tabling that is on my plantation over against Harlem, and all my printed books, except such as my said wife shall please to reserve unto herselfe.

Moreover, I g and beq unto my said nep'w, L. M., all my land and m'vvs alt Mattinicot, on Long Isl'd, together with all the profits and privil'es adv'g thereof, to him, his heirs and as's for ever, tog'r wiih one half of all my pewter and the one half of all my house linen for bedding and tabling that is on my plantation over against Harlem, and all my printed books, except such as my said wife shall please to reserve unto herselfe. Note, that these last bequests unto my s'd n'w L. M. are given and beq'd under ye same limitations and rest'ns with those legacys first above mentioned, and not otherwise. Item. I give and beq'th unto ye meeting of Friends, in ihe prov'ce of N. Y., the sum of six pounds per annum, to be paid out of my plant'n ag't Harlem af'd, in the s"d prov'ce. by whoms'er shall enjoy the same, according to my devise thereof, as hereafter appears, and on every 25th of the month called March, yearly and ev'y year forever, unto such p'n or per as shall be thereunto ap'd.

Ile7n. All the rest, residue and remainder of my estate and my plantation, r''! and pM, where I now inhabilt over against Harlem af'd, I give and beq'h unto my d'ly belov'd wife, Mary Morris, her heirs and as's forever, the lands thereof, cont'g about 2000 acres best m or 1, tog'r with all houses, barns, mills, runns and ponds of water, water courses, rivers, orchards, gardens, trees, woods, negroes of all kinds, cattell, swine, sheep, horse, kinde, and all other creatures and improv'ts whatsoever, as also all goods, household stuff and utensiUs, moneys, platp; and every thing else moveable and im'ble within doors

All the rest, residue and remainder of my estate and my plantation, r''! and pM, where I now inhabilt over against Harlem af'd, I give and beq'h unto my d'ly belov'd wife, Mary Morris, her heirs and as's forever, the lands thereof, cont'g about 2000 acres best m or 1, tog'r with all houses, barns, mills, runns and ponds of water, water courses, rivers, orchards, gardens, trees, woods, negroes of all kinds, cattell, swine, sheep, horse, kinde, and all other creatures and improv'ts whatsoever, as also all goods, household stuff and utensiUs, moneys, platp; and every thing else moveable and im'ble within doors

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 293

and w't that can be named or expressed, that now is, or hereafter shall be in my pos'n or any ways belon'g unto the s'd pl'n, except what is here otherwise disposed of and beq'd. liem. I give and beq'h unto my said d'y bel'd wife all that my houses, land in N. Y. city situate over against the bridge, unto all appurt'ces, profitts and advant'ges whatsoever thereunto belong'g, with all deeds, pattents, writings, bills, bonds, oblig'ions, and all things else

whats'r, named and unnamed, belonging. Item to John Bowne,

of Flushing, one negro girl n'd Abba ; is att old Thomas Hunts. Item. . . to Miles Foster one serv'ble negro boy, such as my s'd d'y bel'd wife

shall appoint. Item to Ric'd Jones, M'ht, of N. Y., one negro

boy or one negro girl, such as ra d b wif shall appoint. Item to

Y. city situate over against the bridge, unto all appurt'ces, profitts and advant'ges whatsoever thereunto belong'g, with all deeds, pattents, writings, bills, bonds, oblig'ions, and all things else

whats'r, named and unnamed, belonging. Item to John Bowne,

of Flushing, one negro girl n'd Abba ; is att old Thomas Hunts. Item. . . to Miles Foster one serv'ble negro boy, such as my s'd d'y bel'd wife

shall appoint. Item to Ric'd Jones, M'ht, of N. Y., one negro

boy or one negro girl, such as ra d b wif shall appoint. Item to

William Bickley and to my n'w, L. M., all my right, t and int in and to the ship Friends' Adventure, as also of all my part of her profits and ad'ges by

freight or otherwise, to each of th eq'l alike part. Item my s'd

n'w, my gold seale and my negroman Yeabba ; and whereas, 1 have beq'd unto m s'd n'w, L. M., all ra E at the ironworks at T., with this expression, viz. (as soon as H s'l attaine to the age of 21 yeare,) 49 as above written, I doe now revoake ye s'd expression as to time, giving unto him, my s'd n'w, full power and auth'y to enter into and possess the s'd e'te, and ev'y part and p'l thereof, imm'ly after my decease, anything before above w'n to the contrary not'g, but under the same restrictions and limitations as before men'd, viz. by his conformity to the fulfilling of this my last will and testament ; all the rest of my plate and money, silver and gold, I give and beq'th unto my dearly beloved wife. Lastly, I desire, author and app't my trusty ffriends, Ric'd Jones and Miles Ffoster, of N. Y., John Bowne, of Fflushing, Wm.

M., all ra E at the ironworks at T., with this expression, viz. (as soon as H s'l attaine to the age of 21 yeare,) 49 as above written, I doe now revoake ye s'd expression as to time, giving unto him, my s'd n'w, full power and auth'y to enter into and possess the s'd e'te, and ev'y part and p'l thereof, imm'ly after my decease, anything before above w'n to the contrary not'g, but under the same restrictions and limitations as before men'd, viz. by his conformity to the fulfilling of this my last will and testament ; all the rest of my plate and money, silver and gold, I give and beq'th unto my dearly beloved wife. Lastly, I desire, author and app't my trusty ffriends, Ric'd Jones and Miles Ffoster, of N. Y., John Bowne, of Fflushing, Wm. Richardson, of W C'r, Richard Hartshorne and John Hanes, of co of Monmouth, and Wm. Bickley, of W'r co aforesaid, to be my executors in trust, and overseers to see this my will punctually perf'd and fulfil'd ; and in reg'd to the remoteness of their abodes from one another, I do order and appoint that any three of them may act as they shall find needfull, provided Wm Rich'n, Wm Bickley, or Rich'd Hartshorne be of that number ; and for want of a 3d person in the co of Monmouth, R'd Hartshorne and John Hanes may act there as they shall find cause, or may choose a 3d person to act, &c. &c.

Bickley, of W'r co aforesaid, to be my executors in trust, and overseers to see this my will punctually perf'd and fulfil'd ; and in reg'd to the remoteness of their abodes from one another, I do order and appoint that any three of them may act as they shall find needfull, provided Wm Rich'n, Wm Bickley, or Rich'd Hartshorne be of that number ; and for want of a 3d person in the co of Monmouth, R'd Hartshorne and John Hanes may act there as they shall find cause, or may choose a 3d person to act, &c. &c.

And now, having thus disposed of that outward estate and substance that it hath pleased God to possess me of, I commit my soul to God, &c. 6 In testimony whereof, I the s'd Lewis Morris, have hereunto to this my last will and t't subscrib'd, sign'd and fixed my seal, at my plant'n over against Harlem, in the p'c N. Y., this seventh day of this twelfth month called February, in the year 1690, in presence of Johannis Vermilje, Jan Tibout, Lamueert Zoches, Davied Lillies, marks of Susannah Roberts -- Wm. Bickley.

By the Commander in Cheif.

Whereas, Lewis Morris, gent., administrator of the goods,

294 HISTOKY OF THE

rights and credits of Lewis Morris, deceased, is obliged to make and exhibite a true and perfect inventory of all and singular the goods, rights and credits of the said dece'sd, into the surveyor's office of this province. These are to authorize and inipower you, Stephanus v. Cortlandt, Nicholas Bayard, John Pell and William Richardson, to make a true and faithfuU appraisement of the goods, rights and credits aforesaid, according to the best of your knowledge and discretion, and for so doing, this shall be to you a sufficient warrant.

rights and credits of Lewis Morris, deceased, is obliged to make and exhibite a true and perfect inventory of all and singular the goods, rights and credits of the said dece'sd, into the surveyor's office of this province. These are to authorize and inipower you, Stephanus v. Cortlandt, Nicholas Bayard, John Pell and William Richardson, to make a true and faithfuU appraisement of the goods, rights and credits aforesaid, according to the best of your knowledge and discretion, and for so doing, this shall be to you a sufficient warrant. Dated at Fort William Henry, the 23d of October, 1691.

Richard Ingoldsby to Stephanus van Cortlandt, Nich Bayard, John Pell and William Richardson, Lewis Morris, inventory. A true inventory of all and singular the goods, chattels and credits of Coll. Lewis Morris, deceased, appraised at the planlation, the day of 1691, by Coll. Stephanus van Cortlandt, Coll. Nicholas Bayard, John Pell and William Richardson, Esq., by virtue of a warrant to them directed, under the hand of the commander-in-chief and seal of the prerogative office, bearing date the day of October, Anno 1691, and exhibited in the

surveyor's office, being the prerogative registry of this province by Lew.s Morris, administrator of all the goods, chattels and credits of the said Coll. Lewis Morris, deceased.

Imprimus, 161.

Shop goods. - ' '

36 Armesv Airy, (vitriol) at 2s 6d,

8 pieces and J strouds,

3 tunn of iron at 141b. p. tunn, 30 yds. and | of black silk prunella, 39 yds. lutestring,

Nicholas Bayard, John Pell and William Richardson, Esq., by virtue of a warrant to them directed, under the hand of the commander-in-chief and seal of the prerogative office, bearing date the day of October, Anno 1691, and exhibited in the

surveyor's office, being the prerogative registry of this province by Lew.s Morris, administrator of all the goods, chattels and credits of the said Coll. Lewis Morris, deceased.

Imprimus, 161.

Shop goods. - ' '

36 Armesv Airy, (vitriol) at 2s 6d,

8 pieces and J strouds,

3 tunn of iron at 141b. p. tunn, 30 yds. and | of black silk prunella, 39 yds. lutestring,

3 pieces of 10 yds. bagg, Holland, 33 yds. in each piece, at 8d.

7 pices white calicoes, at 20s. 3001b. white sugar, 16 pr. of women's worsted hose, at 16 pd. yarne,

1 case black hefted knives, lOlb ginger, "«

» Arms, (aams) an old Dutch measure.

£

s. d.

14 00

00 00

42 00 00

15 00

00 00

12 00

00 00

10 00

8 00

16 00

6 00

2 00

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

8 yds. red caddis, 12 yds Scotch Ukkin,

6 yards English tick^ -'

1 black leather saddle,

3 yds duffells,

45 yds Penny stone, at 2s 6d, 53 yds. Loskoram, at 15d. 16 inkhornea,

12 inille pins,

5 ivory confibs,

6 home and wood ditto, 4 mille needles,

5 pair shoe buckles,

4 pr. knitting needles,

2 doz. fish hooks,

9 yds. mock medley,

6 gimbletts,

16 00

6 00

2 00

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

8 yds. red caddis, 12 yds Scotch Ukkin,

6 yards English tick^ -'

1 black leather saddle,

3 yds duffells,

45 yds Penny stone, at 2s 6d, 53 yds. Loskoram, at 15d. 16 inkhornea,

12 inille pins,

5 ivory confibs,

6 home and wood ditto, 4 mille needles,

5 pair shoe buckles,

4 pr. knitting needles,

2 doz. fish hooks,

9 yds. mock medley,

6 gimbletts,

10 doz. gimp buttons,

5 yds. fustian,

3 lb. white and brown thread,

3 oz. silk,

2 suites dampeeriyed curtains,

13 yds diaper linnen,

6 yds ozenbriggs,

14 yds dampureyed swanskin, 9 ditto white bay damnifyed, 6 ditto kersy, at

6 ditto serge, at

8| ditto topsills,

li hair plush,

8 pair womens knit gloves,

1 doz. ditto kid,

6 pr. mens sheep, ditto, 8 pr. damnified bodice and stomacher,

4 pr mens worsted hose,

2 mens thread hose,

2 Spanish leather skinns,

4 shaniy skins full of holls, 6 yds move, 16 yds persian silke,

3 ditto course cambrick,

£

s. d.

0 8

16 00

4 00

00 00

12 00

12 00

6 3

6 00

14 00

9 5

2 6

1 6

3 9

1 3

3 6

6 00

14 00

2 00

■■■ 4

7 6

15 00

6 00

0 00

19 00

6 00

14 00

18 00

4 00

0 00

5 00

6 00

8 0

4 00

6 0

0 00

10 00

£

s. d.

0 8

16 00

4 00

00 00

12 00

12 00

6 3

6 00

14 00

9 5

2 6

1 6

3 9

1 3

3 6

6 00

14 00

2 00

■■■ 4

7 6

15 00

6 00

0 00

19 00

6 00

14 00

18 00

4 00

0 00

5 00

6 00

8 0

4 00

6 0

0 00

10 00

8 00

18 00

6 00

16 00

0 00

5 00

19 yards hair baiattinc, 22 yds stript blew, 4 yds Scarlett, at 3d,

9i yds hair chamblelt,

4 pieces and remnant pintados,

5 yds. crape,

5 yds shalloon,

6 yds. worsted drogged,

1 lb. mounry, 20 lb. cordage,

A parcell sadlery, ' "■ ,

4 lb. white lead, at 6d, 20 lb. red oker,

22 calve skinns, 40 hog skinns,

2 pr. silk hose,

5 yds. red baye

1 pair red stockings, wosled, women, 1 pr. green silke hose.

Household linuen.

19 Holland sheets,

15 pr. other linnen sheets, 9 diaper table cloaths, 7 damask table cloalhs, 9 Ozenbriggs,

6 damask cupboard cloalhs. 5 doz. damask napkins, 3 doz. diaper napkins, 5 doz. Ozenbrigg's napkins, 5 towels,

41 pillow cases.

Household stuff.

13 cane chairs, broken and out of order, 12 old Turkey worke chairs,

2 wicker chairs, 6 leather chairs,

3 couches,

Balance,

£ s.

. d.

0 00

0 00

0 00

0 00

8 00

340 :

340 :

COUiNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 297

15 pr. other linnen sheets, 9 diaper table cloaths, 7 damask table cloalhs, 9 Ozenbriggs,

6 damask cupboard cloalhs. 5 doz. damask napkins, 3 doz. diaper napkins, 5 doz. Ozenbrigg's napkins, 5 towels,

41 pillow cases.

Household stuff.

13 cane chairs, broken and out of order, 12 old Turkey worke chairs,

2 wicker chairs, 6 leather chairs,

3 couches,

Balance,

£ s.

. d.

0 00

0 00

0 00

0 00

8 00

340 :

340 :

COUiNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 297

2 panns,

4 low chairs,

1 suite tapestry hangings, 1 pr. blanketts dam , 6 Turkey cushions,

3 Turkey carpetts, 10 tables,

5 cloath and searge carpets, 1 clock and case,

1 marble mortar,

1 lignum vitae, ditto,

2 skreenes,

4 looking glasses, 4 trunks,

1 scriptore,

A parcell books,

2 presses apparrell, 1 Jack and 3 spitts,

3 cases of bottles of spirits, 1 watering pott,

4 pr. bellows,

5 chests,

4 ditto drawers, 1 weather glass, 1 speaking trumpet, 1 redd plush saddle,

6 hammockers, 1 callico quilt,

1 hd. and J salt,

1 cwt. white tallow. Scales and beams, and 1 cwt. 2 qrs. 16 lb. weight,

6 barrels beef and 2 ditto pork, (4) 3 galls, spirits,

1 barrell molasses,

1 barrel Movado sugar,

1 firkin soap, home made, 244 lb. Casteel soap at 7d.

Pewter, 6 doz. and 5 plates,

2 cisterns,

4 stands,

5 salts.

Vol. II. ' 3S

12 00

0 00

0 00

0 00

0 00

0 00

£459

1 hd. and J salt,

1 cwt. white tallow. Scales and beams, and 1 cwt. 2 qrs. 16 lb. weight,

6 barrels beef and 2 ditto pork, (4) 3 galls, spirits,

1 barrell molasses,

1 barrel Movado sugar,

1 firkin soap, home made, 244 lb. Casteel soap at 7d.

Pewter, 6 doz. and 5 plates,

2 cisterns,

4 stands,

5 salts.

Vol. II. ' 3S

12 00

0 00

0 00

0 00

0 00

0 00

£459

298 HISTORY OF THE

t

8 basons, ■

2 cheese plates, , ' ^

2 pye plates,

4 old pewter candl, 7 " ' '.?

1 egg dish, 1 ordpann, 1 fruit pott, (166) 4 quart potts,

4 saucers, - ' -

18 platers. 1 flask and bold standish,

1 lanbeck and 1 pewter worm. In all 364 lb, at lOd. per lb. 15 3 4

Iron Andirons, grate tongs, fire shovels, racks, tramells, iron polls, trevetts, dripping pan, cleavers, frying panns, fenders, &c., in all 9271b. at 7d. Hooks and eyes, 27 0 9

2 anchors and 2 graplins gt. 319, at 6d. . . . . 7 19 6

Copper 1 copper kettle, 6 potts,

1 desertion copper, 1 cooler.

1 copper still. Qt in all 416 lb. at ISd. . . . . 31 4 0

Brass.

2 brass kettles,

3 stewpans, candlesticks, &c., of brass, implements cont.

1021b. at 15d. 6 7 6

i:558 2 10

2 boxes candles, qt. 150 at 6d 3 15 0

Steele

40 lb. at 12d 200

2 anchors and 2 graplins gt. 319, at 6d. . . . . 7 19 6

Copper 1 copper kettle, 6 potts,

1 desertion copper, 1 cooler.

1 copper still. Qt in all 416 lb. at ISd. . . . . 31 4 0

Brass.

2 brass kettles,

3 stewpans, candlesticks, &c., of brass, implements cont.

1021b. at 15d. 6 7 6

i:558 2 10

2 boxes candles, qt. 150 at 6d 3 15 0

Steele

40 lb. at 12d 200

1 whip saw, qt. appraised among the former impl. Bedsteads and Bedds.

One bedd and furniture in the great room, . . . . 25 0 0

One in the dining room, 18 0 0

One in the lodging room, 15 0 0

4 other ditto, 36 0 0

5 bedds without furniture, ' 20 0 0

Plate.

900 oz. plate at 6s. 9d 303 15 0

Cash and wampum, 89 2 0

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 299

Gold.

(169) 180 guyneys. ^ 243 0 0

1 double guiney, . . . . . . • . 2 14 0

23jacobuss, 34 10 0

6i ditto, . 4 10 0

H ditto, 1 10 0

1 pistolle, . . 1 4 .0

2 double doubloons, . . . . • . . . 9 12 0 5 pr small clasps,

1 bullelt, ' .

I plain piece,

1 single tooth-pick,

1 double ditto,

1 case ditto with small bodkin,

2 bodkins, ^ - '

1 mourning ring, ' • - ■ ■ 1 heart with lock of hair,

23jacobuss, 34 10 0

6i ditto, . 4 10 0

H ditto, 1 10 0

1 pistolle, . . 1 4 .0

2 double doubloons, . . . . • . . . 9 12 0 5 pr small clasps,

1 bullelt, ' .

I plain piece,

1 single tooth-pick,

1 double ditto,

1 case ditto with small bodkin,

2 bodkins, ^ - '

1 mourning ring, ' • - ■ ■ 1 heart with lock of hair,

1 mash bead,

cont. in all 4 oz. 5 pwts. and 5 grs. at 41. 13s. 9d. per oz. . 19 19 0

Debts good and bad, 2194 0 0

£3661 13 10

112 bottles, four of them with syrup, and other odd things, . 18 0 Wheat.

540 bushells at 3s. 810 0

50 acres of wheat at i2s 30 0 0

Stock, viz.

24 oxen, . 72 0 0

17 cows, 34 0 0

4 bulls, 800

8 year and vantage, . . . . . . . . 10 0 0

5 yearlings, . ^ . . . . . . . 3150

2 calves, 0 12 0

30 horses, mares, and colts, . . , , , . . 60 0 0

30 head of swine, 9 0 0

147 sheep, 36 15 0

(170) Plantation Impl'ts.

3 earts and 1 pr limber wheels, 20 0 0

1 sloop and yall, . . . . . . . . 74 0 0

1 yall and pinnace, . . . . . . . . 10 0 0

2 calves, 0 12 0

30 horses, mares, and colts, . . , , , . . 60 0 0

30 head of swine, 9 0 0

147 sheep, 36 15 0

(170) Plantation Impl'ts.

3 earts and 1 pr limber wheels, 20 0 0

1 sloop and yall, . . . . . . . . 74 0 0

1 yall and pinnace, . . . . . . . . 10 0 0

12 lb. deer suett at 6d. 0 6 0

Hangings of the lodging rooms, three old cabbinetts for all tools and

utensils for the farme and family, and apparell not particularized, 20 0 0

24 galls, refined molasses at 18d.

1 16 0

Negroes.

N.B. Miss addition in folio 4,

22 man negroes at 20/. 11 women at 15/.

6 boys at 15/.

2 garles at 12/. . 25 children at 5/.

3 box irons and heaters, ,

1 little letter box, Memorandum ; we finde in fol. the particulars by the apppraisenient to amount to the summe of, ....

in fol. 2,

in fol. 3,

in fol. 4,

in fol. 5,

in fol. 6, .

in fol. 7,

je4134 . 15

,

£1149

9 10

£844

195 14 38 0

107 18

135 7

98 12

3023 11

472 11

Besides the negroes in fol. 7, more.

Appraised by us underwritten. More 17 doz. scissors at 33. 2 11 0 7 ewt. 1 qr. 9 lb. old lead

at 30s. per cut, 11 0 0

in fol. 2,

in fol. 3,

in fol. 4,

in fol. 5,

in fol. 6, .

in fol. 7,

je4134 . 15

,

£1149

9 10

£844

195 14 38 0

107 18

135 7

98 12

3023 11

472 11

Besides the negroes in fol. 7, more.

Appraised by us underwritten. More 17 doz. scissors at 33. 2 11 0 7 ewt. 1 qr. 9 lb. old lead

at 30s. per cut, 11 0 0

£\3 11 0

S. V. CORTLANDT.

Exhibited the seventeenth day of February, 1691, by Lewis Morris, administrator, &c, for a true and perfect inventory, &c., but under protestation of adding, &c., if &c.

L. Morris.

£4071 16 . 844 0

Step. V. Cortlandt, N. Bayard, John Pell, Wm. Richardson.

Lewis Morris, heir of his uncle Lewis, and third proprietor of Morrisania, appears to have been a man of extraordinary talents. Chief Justice William Smith informs us, that of all the members of the New York assembly in 1710, "Colonel Morris had the greatest influence on our public affairs. He was a man of letters,

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 301

and, though a Hltle whimsical in his temper, was grave in his manners, and of penetrating parts. Being excessively fond of the society of men of sense and reading, he was never wearied at a sitting till the spirits of the whole company were dissipated. From his infancy he has lived in a manner best adapted to teach him the nature of man, and to fortify his mind for the vicissitudes of life. He very early lost both his father and mother, and fell under the patronage of his uncle, formerly an officer of very considerable rank in CromweWs army ; who, after the Restoration, disguised himself under the profession of Gluakerism, and settled on a fine farm within a few miles of the city, called, after his own name, Morrisayiia.

From his infancy he has lived in a manner best adapted to teach him the nature of man, and to fortify his mind for the vicissitudes of life. He very early lost both his father and mother, and fell under the patronage of his uncle, formerly an officer of very considerable rank in CromweWs army ; who, after the Restoration, disguised himself under the profession of Gluakerism, and settled on a fine farm within a few miles of the city, called, after his own name, Morrisayiia. Being a boy of strong passions, the general indications of a fruitful genius, he gave frequent offence to his uncle, and, on one of these occasions, through fear of his resentment, strolled away into Virginia, and thence to Jamaica in the West Indies, where, to support himself, he set up for a scrivener."a *'As a proof of his boyish propensities, (says Mr. Dunlap,) we are told that when a pupil to Luke Coppathwait, a Q,uaker, Lewis, hid himself in a tree by which his teacher was to pass, and in a feigned voice, with great solemnity called upon Luke, (from above, of course,) and ordered him to go and preach the gospel among the Mohawks. Luke considered the bidding miraculous, and prepared to obey, when either by compunction of the boy, or other means, he was undeceived. After several years passed in the West Indies, the wanderer returned to Morrisania, and was received by his uncle with forgiveness and joy. To settle him for life, the uncle brought about a marriage between Lewis and Miss Graham,"'' "a fine lady, (continues Mr. Smith,) with whom he lived above fifty years, in the possession of every enjoyment which good sense and polite manners in a woman could afford.""

Luke considered the bidding miraculous, and prepared to obey, when either by compunction of the boy, or other means, he was undeceived. After several years passed in the West Indies, the wanderer returned to Morrisania, and was received by his uncle with forgiveness and joy. To settle him for life, the uncle brought about a marriage between Lewis and Miss Graham,"'' "a fine lady, (continues Mr. Smith,) with whom he lived above fifty years, in the possession of every enjoyment which good sense and polite manners in a woman could afford.""

Upon the 8th of May, 1697, Lewis Morris obtained royal letters patent from King William the Third, erecting Morrisania into a township and manor, to be holden of the king in free and

SmiUi's Hstory of N. Y. b Dunlap's Hist. N. Y. vol. i. 278.

Smith's Hist, of N. Y.

302 HISTORY OF THE

common soccage, its lord yielding and rendering therefore annually, on the Feast Day of the Annunciation of our blessed Virgin Mary, the rent of six shillings. •

THE ROYAL CHARTER.

William the Third, by the grace of God, of England, Scotland, France and Ireland. King, Defender of the Faith, &c.,to all to whom these presents shall come, sendeth greeting: Whereas, the Hon'ble Edmund Andross, Es|., Seigneur of Sausmarez, late governor of our province of New York, &c., by a certain deed or patent, sealed with the seal of our said province of New York, bearing date the 25th day of March, in the year of our Lord 167fi, pursuant to the comiTiission and authority then in him residing, did confirm unto Col. Lewis Morris, of the Island of Barbadoes, a certain plantation or tract of land laying or being upon the maine over against the town of Haerlem, commonly called Bronckse's land, containing 250 margin or 800 acres of land, besides the meadow thereunto annexed or adjoining, butted and bounded as in the original Dutch ground brief and patent of confirmation is set forth ; which said tract of land and meadow, having been by the said Col.

Lewis Morris, of the Island of Barbadoes, a certain plantation or tract of land laying or being upon the maine over against the town of Haerlem, commonly called Bronckse's land, containing 250 margin or 800 acres of land, besides the meadow thereunto annexed or adjoining, butted and bounded as in the original Dutch ground brief and patent of confirmation is set forth ; which said tract of land and meadow, having been by the said Col. Lewis Morris long possessed and enjoyed, and having likewise thereon made good improvement, he, the said Edmond Andross, late governor of our said province, did further, by the said deed or patent, sealed with the seal of our said province, and bearing date as aforesaid, we grant and confirm unto the said (^ol. Lewis Morris, for his further improvement, a certain quantity of land adjacent nnto the said tract of land -- which land, with the addition, being bounded from his own house over against Haerlem, running up Haerlem River to Daniel Turner's land, and so along this said land northward to John Archer's line, and from thence stretching east to the land of John Richardson and Thomas Hunt, and thence along their lands southward to the Sound, even so along the Sound about southwest through Bronck's hill to the said Col. Lewis Morris' house -- the additional land containing (according to the survey thereof) the quantity of fourteen hundred and twenty acres, to hive and to hold the afore-recited tract of land before possessed by him, and the additional land within the limits and bounds aforesaid, together with the woods and meadows, both salt and fresh, waters and creeks, belonging to the said lands, unto the said Col. Lewis Morris, his heirs and assignees forever, under the yearly rent of four bushels of good winter wheat, as by the said deed or patent, registered in our secretary's office of our said province of New York, &c., -- relation being thereiinto had -- may more fully and at large appear.

Lewis Morris' house -- the additional land containing (according to the survey thereof) the quantity of fourteen hundred and twenty acres, to hive and to hold the afore-recited tract of land before possessed by him, and the additional land within the limits and bounds aforesaid, together with the woods and meadows, both salt and fresh, waters and creeks, belonging to the said lands, unto the said Col. Lewis Morris, his heirs and assignees forever, under the yearly rent of four bushels of good winter wheat, as by the said deed or patent, registered in our secretary's office of our said province of New York, &c., -- relation being thereiinto had -- may more fully and at large appear. And whereas, our loving subject, Lewis Morris, (nephew unto the said Col. Morris, lately deceased, his sole and only heir,) who is now, by right of descent and inheritance, peaceably and quietly seized and possessed of all the aforesaid tracts of land and premises within the limits and bounds aforesaid, hath, by his petition, presented unto our trusty and well beloved Benj. Fletcher, our Captain General and

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. . 303

Governor-in-chief of our said province of New York and territories dependant thereon in America, &c., prayed our grant and confirmation of all the aforerecited tracts and parcels of land and premises within the limits and bounds aforesaid ; and likewise that we would be graciously pleased to erect the said tracts and parcels of land, within the limits and bounds aforesaid, into a lordship or manor, by the name or title of the manor or lordship of Morrisania, in the county of Westchester ; and whereas, it is publicly manifest that the said Col. Lewis Morris, deceased, in his lifetime, and our said loving subject, his nephew and sole and only heir since his decease, have been at great charge and expense in the purchasmg, settling and improving of the said tracts and parcels of land, whereon considerable buildings have likewise been made ; and our said loving subject, being willing still to make further improvements thereon-- which reasonable request, for his further encouragement, we being willing to grant ; and know yee, that we, of our special grace, certain knowledge, and mere motion, we have given, granted, ratified and confirmed, and by these presents do for us, our heirs and successors, give, grant, ratify and confirm unto the said Lewis Morris, his heirs and assignees, all the aforesaid tracts and parcels of land within the limits and bounds aforesaid, containing the quantity of one thousand, nine himdred and twenty acres of land, more or less, together with all and every the messuages, tenements, buildings, houses, out houses, barns, barracks, stables, mills, mill dams, mill howles, orchards, gardens, fences, pastures, fields, feedings, woods, underwoods, trees, timber, meadows, (fresh and salt,) marshes, swamps and pools, ponds, waters, water courses, brooks, rivulets, baths, inlets, outlets, islands, necks of land and meadow, peninsulas of land and meadow, ferries, passages, fishing, fowling, hunting and hawking, quarries, mines, minerals, (silver and gold mines excepted,) and all the rights, liberties, privileges, jurisdictions, royalties, hereditaments, benefits, profits, advantages and appurtenances whatsoever to the afore-recited tracts, parcels and necks of land, and mill, within the limits and bounds aforesaid belonging, adjoining, or in any way appertaining, or accepted, reputed, taken, known or occupied, as part, parcel or member thereof, to have or to hold all the aforesaid recited tracts and parcels of land within the limits and bounds aforesaid, containing the quantity of one thousand nine hundred and twenty acres of land, more or less, together with all and every the messuages, tenements, buildings, houses, out houses, barns, barracks, stables, mills, mill dams, mill houses, orchards, gardens, fences, pastures, fields, feedings, woods, undeiwoods, trees, timber, meadows, fresh and salt, marshes, swamps, pools, ponds, waters, water courses, brooks, rivers, rivulets, streams, creeks, coves, harbors, bridges, baths, strands, inlets, outlets, islands, necks of land and meadow, peninsulas, land and meadow, ferries, passages, fishing, fowling, hunting and hawking, quarries, mines and minerals, (silver and gold mines excepted.) and all the rights, liberties, privileges, jurisdictions, royalties, hereditaments, tolls, and benefits, profits, advantages, and appurtenances whatsoever, to the afore re* cited tracts, parcels and necks of land and mill within the limits and bounds

Lewis Morris, deceased, in his lifetime, and our said loving subject, his nephew and sole and only heir since his decease, have been at great charge and expense in the purchasmg, settling and improving of the said tracts and parcels of land, whereon considerable buildings have likewise been made ; and our said loving subject, being willing still to make further improvements thereon-- which reasonable request, for his further encouragement, we being willing to grant ; and know yee, that we, of our special grace, certain knowledge, and mere motion, we have given, granted, ratified and confirmed, and by these presents do for us, our heirs and successors, give, grant, ratify and confirm unto the said Lewis Morris, his heirs and assignees, all the aforesaid tracts and parcels of land within the limits and bounds aforesaid, containing the quantity of one thousand, nine himdred and twenty acres of land, more or less, together with all and every the messuages, tenements, buildings, houses, out houses, barns, barracks, stables, mills, mill dams, mill howles, orchards, gardens, fences, pastures, fields, feedings, woods, underwoods, trees, timber, meadows, (fresh and salt,) marshes, swamps and pools, ponds, waters, water courses, brooks, rivulets, baths, inlets, outlets, islands, necks of land and meadow, peninsulas of land and meadow, ferries, passages, fishing, fowling, hunting and hawking, quarries, mines, minerals, (silver and gold mines excepted,) and all the rights, liberties, privileges, jurisdictions, royalties, hereditaments, benefits, profits, advantages and appurtenances whatsoever to the afore-recited tracts, parcels and necks of land, and mill, within the limits and bounds aforesaid belonging, adjoining, or in any way appertaining, or accepted, reputed, taken, known or occupied, as part, parcel or member thereof, to have or to hold all the aforesaid recited tracts and parcels of land within the limits and bounds aforesaid, containing the quantity of one thousand nine hundred and twenty acres of land, more or less, together with all and every the messuages, tenements, buildings, houses, out houses, barns, barracks, stables, mills, mill dams, mill houses, orchards, gardens, fences, pastures, fields, feedings, woods, undeiwoods, trees, timber, meadows, fresh and salt, marshes, swamps, pools, ponds, waters, water courses, brooks, rivers, rivulets, streams, creeks, coves, harbors, bridges, baths, strands, inlets, outlets, islands, necks of land and meadow, peninsulas, land and meadow, ferries, passages, fishing, fowling, hunting and hawking, quarries, mines and minerals, (silver and gold mines excepted.) and all the rights, liberties, privileges, jurisdictions, royalties, hereditaments, tolls, and benefits, profits, advantages, and appurtenances whatsoever, to the afore re* cited tracts, parcels and necks of land and mill within the limits and bounds

304 ^ HISTORY OF THE

aforesaid, belonging, adjoining, nr in any appertaining or accepted, reputed, taken, known unto him, the said Lewis Morris, his heirs and assinees, to the sole and only proper use benefit and behoof of him the said Lewis Morris, his heirs and assinees forever, and moreover, that if our further special grace, certain knowledge, and mear motion, we have brought it according to the reasonable request of our said loving subject to erect all the aforerecited tracts and parcels of land and premises within the limits and bounds aforesaid into a lordship and manor, and therefore, by these presents, we do, for us, our heirs and successors, erect, make and constitute all the afore-recited tracts and parcels of land within the limits and bounds afore-mentioned, together with all and every the above granted premises, with all and every of their appurtenances, unto one lordship or manor, to all intents and purposes, and 'tis our royal will and pleasure, that the said lordship and manor shall from henceforth be called the lordship or manor of Morrisania ; and know yee, that we reposing especial trust and confidence in the loyally, wisdom, justice, prudence, and circumspection of our said loving subjects, do, for us, our heirs and successors, give and grant unto the said Lewis Morris, and to the heirs and assinees of him the said Lewis Morris, full power and authority at all times forever hereafter, in the said lordship or manor, one court-leet, and one courtbarron, to hold and keep at such time and times, and so often yearly as he or they shall see meet, and all fines, issues and amerciaments, at the said courtleet and court barren, to be holden within the said lordship or manor, to be set, forfeited or employed, or payable or happening at any time to be payable by any of the inhabitants of or in the said lorship or manor of Morrissania, or the limits and bounds w hereof, and also all and every of the power and authority therein-before mentioned, for the holding and keeping the said court-leet and court barron from time to lime, and to award and issue out the said acciistomary writs, to be issued and awarded out of the said court-leet and court barron, to be kept by the heirs and assinees of the said Lewis Morris, forever, or. their or any of their stewards deputed and appointed with full and ample power and authority to distraine for the rents, serveses, and other sums of'money, payable by virtue of the premises and all other lawful remedies and means, for the having, possessing, recovering, levying and enjoying the premises, and every part and parcel of the same, and all waifes, estrages, meeks, deadodans, goods or ftlons, happening and being forfeited within the said lordship or manor of Morrissania, and all and every sum and sums of money to be paid as a post fine, upon any fine or fines to be levyed, of any bounds, tenements or hereditaments within the said lordship or manor of Morrissania, together with the advowson and right of patronage, and all and every the church and churches erected or established, or thereafter to be erected or established within the said manor of Morrissania, and we do also give and grant unto the said Lewis Morris, his heirs and assinees, that all and each of the tenants of him the said Lewis Morris, within the said manor, may at all times hereafter, meet together and choose assesors, within the manor

aforesaid, belonging, adjoining, nr in any appertaining or accepted, reputed, taken, known unto him, the said Lewis Morris, his heirs and assinees, to the sole and only proper use benefit and behoof of him the said Lewis Morris, his heirs and assinees forever, and moreover, that if our further special grace, certain knowledge, and mear motion, we have brought it according to the reasonable request of our said loving subject to erect all the aforerecited tracts and parcels of land and premises within the limits and bounds aforesaid into a lordship and manor, and therefore, by these presents, we do, for us, our heirs and successors, erect, make and constitute all the afore-recited tracts and parcels of land within the limits and bounds afore-mentioned, together with all and every the above granted premises, with all and every of their appurtenances, unto one lordship or manor, to all intents and purposes, and 'tis our royal will and pleasure, that the said lordship and manor shall from henceforth be called the lordship or manor of Morrisania ; and know yee, that we reposing especial trust and confidence in the loyally, wisdom, justice, prudence, and circumspection of our said loving subjects, do, for us, our heirs and successors, give and grant unto the said Lewis Morris, and to the heirs and assinees of him the said Lewis Morris, full power and authority at all times forever hereafter, in the said lordship or manor, one court-leet, and one courtbarron, to hold and keep at such time and times, and so often yearly as he or they shall see meet, and all fines, issues and amerciaments, at the said courtleet and court barren, to be holden within the said lordship or manor, to be set, forfeited or employed, or payable or happening at any time to be payable by any of the inhabitants of or in the said lorship or manor of Morrissania, or the limits and bounds w hereof, and also all and every of the power and authority therein-before mentioned, for the holding and keeping the said court-leet and court barron from time to lime, and to award and issue out the said acciistomary writs, to be issued and awarded out of the said court-leet and court barron, to be kept by the heirs and assinees of the said Lewis Morris, forever, or. their or any of their stewards deputed and appointed with full and ample power and authority to distraine for the rents, serveses, and other sums of'money, payable by virtue of the premises and all other lawful remedies and means, for the having, possessing, recovering, levying and enjoying the premises, and every part and parcel of the same, and all waifes, estrages, meeks, deadodans, goods or ftlons, happening and being forfeited within the said lordship or manor of Morrissania, and all and every sum and sums of money to be paid as a post fine, upon any fine or fines to be levyed, of any bounds, tenements or hereditaments within the said lordship or manor of Morrissania, together with the advowson and right of patronage, and all and every the church and churches erected or established, or thereafter to be erected or established within the said manor of Morrissania, and we do also give and grant unto the said Lewis Morris, his heirs and assinees, that all and each of the tenants of him the said Lewis Morris, within the said manor, may at all times hereafter, meet together and choose assesors, within the manor

COUNTY OF WEtSTCHE.S'l'ER.

aforesaid, accurdii)g to such rules, ways and methods, as are prescribed for cities towns and counties within our province aforesaid, by the acts of general assembly, for the defraying the public charge of each respective city, town and county aforesaid, and all such sums of money assesed or levied, to dispose of and collect for such uses as the acts of the general assembly shall establish and appoint, to have and to hold, possess and enjoy, all and singular the said lordship or manor of Morrissania and premises, with all their and every of their appurtenances, unto the said Lewis Morris, his heirs and assinees forever, to be holden of us, our heirs and successors, in free and common socage, according to the tenure of our manor of East Greenwich, in our county of Kent, within our realm of England, yielding, rendering and paying therefor, yearly and every year, on the feast day of the Annunciation of our blessed virgin, unto us, our heirs and successors, at our city of New York, the annual rent of six shillings, in lieu and stead of all former rents, dues, services and demands whatsoever, for the said lordship and manor of Morrissania, and premises : in testimony whereof, we have caused the great seal of the said province to be affixed. Witnesse our trusty and well beloved Benjamin Fletcher, our capt. gen. and gov. in-chief of our province of New York, and the territories and tracts of land depending thereon, in America, and viceadmiral of the same, our lieutenant commander-in-chief of the militia and of all the forces by sea and land within our colony of Connecticut, and of all the forts and places of strength within the same, in council at our fort in New York, the 8ih day of May, in the ninth year of our reign, Anno Domini, 1697.^ By command of his exceilencey, Ben.

Witnesse our trusty and well beloved Benjamin Fletcher, our capt. gen. and gov. in-chief of our province of New York, and the territories and tracts of land depending thereon, in America, and viceadmiral of the same, our lieutenant commander-in-chief of the militia and of all the forces by sea and land within our colony of Connecticut, and of all the forts and places of strength within the same, in council at our fort in New York, the 8ih day of May, in the ninth year of our reign, Anno Domini, 1697.^ By command of his exceilencey, Ben. Fletcher.

David Jameson, Sect'y,

.==..Jj2mJ

rrru

Autograph and aims of Lewis Moiris.

Vol. II.

Alb. Book of Pat. No. vii. G4 and 70.

306 ■ HISTORY OF THE

" The greatest part of the life of Lewis Morris, before the arrival of Governor Hunter, was spent in New Jersey, » where he signalized himself in the service both of the Proprietors and the Assembly. The latter employed him to draw up their complaint against my Lord Cornbury, and he was made the bearer of it to the Q,neen." " Li 1732," remarks Dnnlap, "a question was raised, whether Van Dam (who administered the government until the arrival of Cosby) should receive the whole salary allowed to a governor, and the opinion of the assembly was asked ; but they declined giving an opinion, leaving it to the council, who consented that the warrants should be drawn for the whole. Cosby, on his arrival and friendly reception by the assembly, waited until their adjournment, and then produced the King's instructiDUs to take to himself one half the salary and emoluments, during Van Dam's administration, leaving him one half. Van Dam agrees, provided Cosby accounts for certain monies received by liim, and shares with Van Dam such monies.

The latter employed him to draw up their complaint against my Lord Cornbury, and he was made the bearer of it to the Q,neen." " Li 1732," remarks Dnnlap, "a question was raised, whether Van Dam (who administered the government until the arrival of Cosby) should receive the whole salary allowed to a governor, and the opinion of the assembly was asked ; but they declined giving an opinion, leaving it to the council, who consented that the warrants should be drawn for the whole. Cosby, on his arrival and friendly reception by the assembly, waited until their adjournment, and then produced the King's instructiDUs to take to himself one half the salary and emoluments, during Van Dam's administration, leaving him one half. Van Dam agrees, provided Cosby accounts for certain monies received by liim, and shares with Van Dam such monies. Cosby refuses, and erects a court of exchequer to compel Van Dam to comply with his terms. Suits commence on their part, but Cosby appoints the judges. Van Dam denies the legality of the proceedings. CJiief Justice Mori is declines to obey the Governor's orders in the case, as illegal, and is by him suspended, after serving twenty years unimpeachably. James de Lancey was ap-

= "He was one of the Council in that province, and a judge of the supreme court there in lfi92. Upon the surrender of the government to Queen Anne, m 1702, he was named to be governor of the colony; but the appointment was changed in favor of Lord Cornbury, the Queen's cousin." " Within the limits of Shrewsbury, (says Mr. Whitehead,) Col. Lewis Morris had extensive iron works, employing si.xty or seventy negroes, in addition to white servants and dependants." " The land (3540 acres) was granted to him, Oct. 25, 1676.

= "He was one of the Council in that province, and a judge of the supreme court there in lfi92. Upon the surrender of the government to Queen Anne, m 1702, he was named to be governor of the colony; but the appointment was changed in favor of Lord Cornbury, the Queen's cousin." " Within the limits of Shrewsbury, (says Mr. Whitehead,) Col. Lewis Morris had extensive iron works, employing si.xty or seventy negroes, in addition to white servants and dependants." " The land (3540 acres) was granted to him, Oct. 25, 1676. Full liberty was given to him and his associates " to dig, delve, and carry away all such mines for iron as they shall find or see fit to dig and carry away to the iron works, or that shall be found in that tract of land that lies inclosed between the southeast branch of the Raritan River and the whale pond on the sea-side, and is bounded from thence by the sea and branch of the river, to the eastward, to the Raritan river, he or they paying all such just damages to the owners of the land where they shall dig mines as shall be judged is done by trespass of cattle or otherwise sustained by the carting and carrying of the said mine to the work." -- E. J. Records, B. page 155.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 307

pointed in his place.''=^ The following particulars in relation to this affair, are taken from the Carribeana, a literary periodical purporting to be " written by several hands in the West indies." The reader will see that the Chief .Justice performed his part with great boldness and independence.

Full liberty was given to him and his associates " to dig, delve, and carry away all such mines for iron as they shall find or see fit to dig and carry away to the iron works, or that shall be found in that tract of land that lies inclosed between the southeast branch of the Raritan River and the whale pond on the sea-side, and is bounded from thence by the sea and branch of the river, to the eastward, to the Raritan river, he or they paying all such just damages to the owners of the land where they shall dig mines as shall be judged is done by trespass of cattle or otherwise sustained by the carting and carrying of the said mine to the work." -- E. J. Records, B. page 155.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 307

pointed in his place.''=^ The following particulars in relation to this affair, are taken from the Carribeana, a literary periodical purporting to be " written by several hands in the West indies." The reader will see that the Chief .Justice performed his part with great boldness and independence.

" Sir :-- You will perceive, by the enclosed copy of a letter, that the original was addressed to the present governor of New York, on occasion of a new dispute that arose between his Excellency and the chief judge of the province concerning the establishment of a new Court of Equity. The judge's argument upon the question is very long, and, for aught I know, very learned. I shall not take it upon me to say whether his opinion is right or not ; but certainly he was right in giving his opinion upon a matter of law that came iii judgment before" him. The governor, however, was offended at what was spoken, and demanded a copy, which the judge sent him, in print, with the letter now mentioned.

The judge's argument upon the question is very long, and, for aught I know, very learned. I shall not take it upon me to say whether his opinion is right or not ; but certainly he was right in giving his opinion upon a matter of law that came iii judgment before" him. The governor, however, was offended at what was spoken, and demanded a copy, which the judge sent him, in print, with the letter now mentioned.

I confess 1 had some curiosity to know the particular character of this extraordinary personage, who would seem to act and speak like an inhabitant of some other world. They tell me he is nothing but a man, and a plain man too, exactly like one of us-- eats beef and mutton, drinks madeira wme, and somedmes rum punch, as we do. His education was narrow, nor does he pretend to inspiration or any supernatural aid. His knowledge is derived merely from reading and observation, and his fortitude grounded on the Christian religion and the" laws of his country, which he fancies are commonly on the side of honesty, and a good conscience.

I would not be thought to propose this northern magistrate to the imitation of his brethren bet^veen the tropics. I hope and believe they will never meet with such trials ; and, if they should, I am persuaded they will be more polite than to copy after so coarse a pattern ! I only meant to help out your next paper with a strange and wonderful occurrence, which may perhaps amuse your gentle readers as effectually as the accounts they have sometimes of hard frosts and huge whales, though they never see such things in these parts.

I hope and believe they will never meet with such trials ; and, if they should, I am persuaded they will be more polite than to copy after so coarse a pattern ! I only meant to help out your next paper with a strange and wonderful occurrence, which may perhaps amuse your gentle readers as effectually as the accounts they have sometimes of hard frosts and huge whales, though they never see such things in these parts.

I am yours, &c.,

Indus.

To his Excellency. William Cosby, Esq., Captain General and Governor-inchief of the province of New York, New Jersies and territories thereon depending in America, Vice Admiral of the same, and Colonel in his Majesty's army, &c.

May it please your Excellency :

In obedience to your commands by F. M., Esq., deputy secretary, to send

Dunlap's Hist. N. Y. vol. i. 295.

308 HISTORY OF THE

you a copy of what I read in the Supreme Court concerning its having a jurisdiction to determine causes in a Court of Equity, and a second message from him to give it under my hand, I send you not only what I read, but what I said on that head, as far as I can charge my memory. What was said, was spoken before a numerous auditory, among which were the grand jury for the city and county of New York, and several other persons of distinction. I chose' this public method to prevent, as much as I could, any misapprehension ; and what I said is as follows, viz. :

you a copy of what I read in the Supreme Court concerning its having a jurisdiction to determine causes in a Court of Equity, and a second message from him to give it under my hand, I send you not only what I read, but what I said on that head, as far as I can charge my memory. What was said, was spoken before a numerous auditory, among which were the grand jury for the city and county of New York, and several other persons of distinction. I chose' this public method to prevent, as much as I could, any misapprehension ; and what I said is as follows, viz. :

[Here follows the judge's argument against erecting a court of equity, and then he concludes with the remainder of his letter in these words, viz. :]

This, sir, is a copy of the paper I read in court, and the substance of what I said besides on that head, as far as I can shape my memory. I have no reason to expect that either this, or any thing else I can say, will be at all grateful, or have any weight with your Excellency, after the answer I received to a message I did myself the honor to send you concerning an ordinance you were about to make for establishing a court of equity in the supreme court, as being, in rny opinion, contrary to law, and which I desired might be delayed till I could be heard on that head. I thought myself within the duty of my office in sending this message, and hope I do not flatter myself in thinking I shall be justified in it by your superiors, as well as mine. The answer your Excellency was pleased to send by Mr. J.

I have no reason to expect that either this, or any thing else I can say, will be at all grateful, or have any weight with your Excellency, after the answer I received to a message I did myself the honor to send you concerning an ordinance you were about to make for establishing a court of equity in the supreme court, as being, in rny opinion, contrary to law, and which I desired might be delayed till I could be heard on that head. I thought myself within the duty of my office in sending this message, and hope I do not flatter myself in thinking I shall be justified in it by your superiors, as well as mine. The answer your Excellency was pleased to send by Mr. J. W. was, tliat I need not give myself any trouble about that affair ; that you would neither receive a visit or any message from me ; that you could neither rely upon my integrity nor depend upon my judgment ; that you thought me a person not at all fit to be trusted loith any concerns relating to the King ; that ever since your coming to the government, I had treated you, both as to your own person and as the King^s representative, ivith slight, rudeness and impertinence ; that you did not desire to see or hear any further of or from me. I am heartily sorry, sir, for your own sake, as well as that of the public, that the King's representative should be moved to so great a degree of warmth, as appears by this answer, which I Ihink would proceed from no other reason but by giving my opinion in a court of which I was a judge, upon a point of law that came before me, and in which I might be innocently enough mistaken ; (though I think I am not ;) for judges are no more infallible than their superiors are impeccable. ]5ut if judges are to be intimidated so as not to dare to give any opinion but what is pleasing to a governor, and agreeable to his private views, the people of this province, who are very much concerned both with respect to their lives and fortunes in the freedom and independency of those who are to judge of them, may possibly not think themselves so secure in either of them, as the laws and his Majesty intend they should be.

I am heartily sorry, sir, for your own sake, as well as that of the public, that the King's representative should be moved to so great a degree of warmth, as appears by this answer, which I Ihink would proceed from no other reason but by giving my opinion in a court of which I was a judge, upon a point of law that came before me, and in which I might be innocently enough mistaken ; (though I think I am not ;) for judges are no more infallible than their superiors are impeccable. ]5ut if judges are to be intimidated so as not to dare to give any opinion but what is pleasing to a governor, and agreeable to his private views, the people of this province, who are very much concerned both with respect to their lives and fortunes in the freedom and independency of those who are to judge of them, may possibly not think themselves so secure in either of them, as the laws and his Majesty intend they should be.

T never had the honor to be above six times in your company in my life ; --

PiiiitiiijT liis arfrunieut and letter.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 309

one of those times was when I delivered the public seals of the province of New Jersey to you on your coming to that government ; another, on one of the public days, to drink the King's health ; a third, at your desire, to wait on my Lord Augustus Fitz Roy, with the body of the laws, to tell him we were glad to see him at New York ; and except the first time, I never was above a quarter of an hour together in your company at any one time ; and all the words I ever spoke to you, except at the first time, may be contained on a quarto side of paper.

one of those times was when I delivered the public seals of the province of New Jersey to you on your coming to that government ; another, on one of the public days, to drink the King's health ; a third, at your desire, to wait on my Lord Augustus Fitz Roy, with the body of the laws, to tell him we were glad to see him at New York ; and except the first time, I never was above a quarter of an hour together in your company at any one time ; and all the words I ever spoke to you, except at the first time, may be contained on a quarto side of paper. I might possibly have been impertinent, for old mea are too often so ; but as to treating you with rudeness and disrespect, either in your public or private capacity, it is what I cannot accuse myself of doing or intending to do, at any of the times I was with you. If a bow, awkwardly made, or any thing of that kind, or some defect in the ceremonial of addressing you, has occasioned that remark, I beg it may be attributed to the want of a courtly and polite education, or to any thing else, rather than the want of respect to his majesty's representative. As to my integrity, I have given you no occasion to call it in question. I have been in this office almost twenty years. My hands were never soiled with a bribe ; nor am T conscious to myself, that power or poverty hath been able to induce me to be partial in the favor of either of ihem ; and as I have no reason to expect any favor from you, so I am neither afraid nor ashamed to stand the test of the strictest inquiry you can make concerning my conduct.

I have been in this office almost twenty years. My hands were never soiled with a bribe ; nor am T conscious to myself, that power or poverty hath been able to induce me to be partial in the favor of either of ihem ; and as I have no reason to expect any favor from you, so I am neither afraid nor ashamed to stand the test of the strictest inquiry you can make concerning my conduct. I have served the public faithfully and honestly, according to the best of my knowledge, and I dare, and doj appeal to it for my justification. . . .

I am, sir, ■ - ,

Your Excellency's

Most humble servant,

Lewis Morris.

A. D. 1733, the Hon. Lewis Morris was elected a representative for (he county of Westchester, in opposition to the aristocratic candidate.^ In 1738 he was appointed the first governor of New Jersey, as a separate province from New York. He appears also to have been an active member of the venerable Propagation Society; format a meeting of that body, held in London, 14th of Sept., 1701, a memorial was received from Colonel Morris, in which he speaks of the several townships of East Jersey as distracted by almost every variety of dissent, but with little appearance of real religion among them. Middletown was settled from New York and New England. " It is," says Colonel Morris, " a

» See vol. 1. 136.

310 HISTORY OF THE

large township : there is no such thing as a church or reHgion amongst them. They are, perhaps, the most ignorant people in the world." The colonel describes the settlers of West Jersey as "a hotch potch of all religions," and the youth as being '• very debauched and very ignorant, &c."a

Middletown was settled from New York and New England. " It is," says Colonel Morris, " a

» See vol. 1. 136.

310 HISTORY OF THE

large township : there is no such thing as a church or reHgion amongst them. They are, perhaps, the most ignorant people in the world." The colonel describes the settlers of West Jersey as "a hotch potch of all religions," and the youth as being '• very debauched and very ignorant, &c."a

Among the early benefactors to Trinity Church, New York, occurs the name of Lewis Morris, who contributed the timber for its erection. In return for this act of munificence, the vestry of that church granted the family a square pew. The Hon. Lewis Morris died in the spring of 1746, aged 73. " He directed his body to be buried at Morrisania, in a plain coffin, without covering or lining with cloth ; he prohibited rings and scarfs from being given at his funeral ; he wished no man to be paid for preaching a funeral sermon upon him, though if any man, churchman or dissenter, minister or not, was inclined to say any thing on the occasion, he should not object. He prohibited any mourning dress to be worn on his account, as he should die when divine Providence should call him away, and was unwilling thai his friends should be at the unnecessary expense, which was owing only to the common folly of mankind."'' To his eldest son, Lewis Morris, he bequeathed all that part of Morrisania lying to the eastward of the mill brook, and the remainder westward of the same stream, called Old Morrisania^ to his wife Isabella.'^

He prohibited any mourning dress to be worn on his account, as he should die when divine Providence should call him away, and was unwilling thai his friends should be at the unnecessary expense, which was owing only to the common folly of mankind."'' To his eldest son, Lewis Morris, he bequeathed all that part of Morrisania lying to the eastward of the mill brook, and the remainder westward of the same stream, called Old Morrisania^ to his wife Isabella.'^

The following items are taken from the journal of his son Lewis Morris. " May 2(3th, 1746, set out from Trenton with my father's corpse for Amboy ferry; got there that night about nine of the clock. His corpse was attended by numbers of people and his pall was supported by Messrs. Andrew Johnston, James Hide, Peter Kemble, Thomas Leonard, Philip French, Daniel Cox, Philip Kearney and Charles Read. The corpse was put on board of a large peri-auger which came from Morrisania for that purpose, and arrived the next morning at Morrisaa Hist. Not. Miss, of the Church of England, p. 20. b Blake's Biographical Dictionary.

■: Surrogate's Office N. Y. Lib. xviii. 94. Chancery Records, Albany, for peti lion of Isaac WiUett.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. ;/ 311

nia, tiie wind blowinor at night at north-west extraordinary hard, and being cold lay that night at the ferry."

"May29lh. My father was buried at Morrisania in a vault built by directions in his will. The materials and workmanship came to £10 6 7^.^ His bearers were the Chief Justice, Joseph Murray. Robert Walters, .Tames Alexander, William Smith, David Clarkson, Abraham Depeyster and Lewis Johnston. Dr. Standard the minister of the parish of Westchester attended the burial and performed the service of the church."

nia, tiie wind blowinor at night at north-west extraordinary hard, and being cold lay that night at the ferry."

"May29lh. My father was buried at Morrisania in a vault built by directions in his will. The materials and workmanship came to £10 6 7^.^ His bearers were the Chief Justice, Joseph Murray. Robert Walters, .Tames Alexander, William Smith, David Clarkson, Abraham Depeyster and Lewis Johnston. Dr. Standard the minister of the parish of Westchester attended the burial and performed the service of the church."

"May 30. Sent back the chaises to Harlem that we borrowed for the burial. There was one quarter cask of wine expended at the funeral to about two dozen bottles, and about two gallons of rum, a barrel of cider and two barrels of beer," &,c. A:c.

" Nov. 6th, 1746. Waited on my mother with my wife, and begged her blessing and returned back at dusk."''

By Iier last will and testament, Isabella Morris, wife of his late Excellency Lewis Morris, directs that "her body be decently interred in the vault at Morrisania, near the remains of her deceased husband." This lady was the daughter of James Graham, Attorney General for the province of New York, and a near relation of the Marquis of Montrose. The sons of the Hon. Lewis Morris were, Lewis, who inherited the lordship and manor of Morrisania, and Robert who had for Iiis share the Jersey estates.

Lewis Morris the eldest son was judge of the high court of admiralty and one of the judges of oyer and terminer, he died in 1762, aged sixty-four years. By his last will, dated Nov. 19lli, 1760, he devised "all that part of Morrisania situated west of the Mill brook to his eldest son Ijewis Morris." "To his wife the land whereon his house stands west of the Mill brook." "To his brother Robert Hunter Morris he bequeathed the pictures of his father and mother," and "that of myself and wife to my daughter

Lewis Morris the eldest son was judge of the high court of admiralty and one of the judges of oyer and terminer, he died in 1762, aged sixty-four years. By his last will, dated Nov. 19lli, 1760, he devised "all that part of Morrisania situated west of the Mill brook to his eldest son Ijewis Morris." "To his wife the land whereon his house stands west of the Mill brook." "To his brother Robert Hunter Morris he bequeathed the pictures of his father and mother," and "that of myself and wife to my daughter

a In this vault, which lies near tlio residence of Colonel Lewis Morris, the remains of the Morris family have since been interred, with the single exception of Gouverneur IMorris, who erected a new vault at Morrisania.

b From the journal of the Hon. Lewis Morris, in possession of Gouverneur M- Wilkins, Esq.

312 HISTOUY OF THE

Isabella."^^ His son Governenr was to have the best education " ihat is to be had in England or America," (fcc.** His three sons by his first wife, Catharine Staals, were Lewis Morris, a brigadier general in the Continental army,° also a member of Congress and one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence. Slaats Long Morris, the father of General Staats Long Morris who married Catharine, the celebrated Duchess of Gordon, and Richard Morris, judge of (he high court of admiralty in 1776. By his second wife, Sarah Governenr, Lewis Morris had one son Governenr Morris. Trie following biograghical sketch of the latter gentleman is from Barber's Historical Collections.

Isabella."^^ His son Governenr was to have the best education " ihat is to be had in England or America," (fcc.** His three sons by his first wife, Catharine Staals, were Lewis Morris, a brigadier general in the Continental army,° also a member of Congress and one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence. Slaats Long Morris, the father of General Staats Long Morris who married Catharine, the celebrated Duchess of Gordon, and Richard Morris, judge of (he high court of admiralty in 1776. By his second wife, Sarah Governenr, Lewis Morris had one son Governenr Morris. Trie following biograghical sketch of the latter gentleman is from Barber's Historical Collections.

" Governenr Morris was born at Morrisania, Jan. 31, 1752. He graduated at King's College, New York, in 1768. He was bred to the law in which he obtained a great reputation. In 1775, he was a delegate to the provincial congress in New York. In 1776, (Dec.) he acted as one of the committee for drafting a constituiion for the slate of New York, which was reported in March, 1777, and adopted in April of that year, after repeated and very able debates. He was employed in tlie public service in various capacities during the revolutionary contest, in all of which he displayed great zeal and ability. ^i After the Revolution he retired from public life and passed a number of years in private pursuits, excepting being a very active member of the convention which framed the constitution of the United States. In 1792, he was appointed minister to France, and remained there in that capacity until October, 1794. <? He returned to America in 1798, and in 1800 was chosen a senator from New York. In the summer of 1810, he examined the route for the Erie canal,

He was employed in tlie public service in various capacities during the revolutionary contest, in all of which he displayed great zeal and ability. ^i After the Revolution he retired from public life and passed a number of years in private pursuits, excepting being a very active member of the convention which framed the constitution of the United States. In 1792, he was appointed minister to France, and remained there in that capacity until October, 1794. <? He returned to America in 1798, and in 1800 was chosen a senator from New York. In the summer of 1810, he examined the route for the Erie canal,

a The above-mentioned picUires are in tlie possession of Lewis Morris, Esq. Fordham.

b Surrogate's office, N. Y. lib. x.viii. 426.

c Brigadier General IMorris received orders from Congress to take possession (with liis whole brigade) of such part of the Sound and Hudson River as he might think most exposed to the enemy.

d Upon the 8th of July, 1775, he was appointed a member of the Committee of rnblic Safety for Westchester county.

« He is said to have been the author of the memorable address of Louis XYL to the French people.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 313

and took a prominent part in originating and promoting that noble work." " The activity of his mind, the richness of his fancy, and the copiousness of his eloquent conversation, were the admiration of all his acquaintance, and he was universally admitted to be one of the most accomplished and prominent men of our country. "a " He died at Morrisania, November 5, 1816, aged 64. His publications were numerous. A selection from his papers, with a sketch of his life, has been published by Jared Sparks, in 3 vols. 8vo. lS32."b

and took a prominent part in originating and promoting that noble work." " The activity of his mind, the richness of his fancy, and the copiousness of his eloquent conversation, were the admiration of all his acquaintance, and he was universally admitted to be one of the most accomplished and prominent men of our country. "a " He died at Morrisania, November 5, 1816, aged 64. His publications were numerous. A selection from his papers, with a sketch of his life, has been published by Jared Sparks, in 3 vols. 8vo. lS32."b

He married Anne Carey Randolph, daughter of Thomas Randolph of Roanoake, Virginia, who was descended, in the fifth generation, from the celebrated Pockohantes,^ the daugliter of Wahunsonacock or Powhattan, Emperor of Attanoughkanonck alias Virginia. His son is the present Gouverneur Morris of Morrisania.

The principal proprietors of the ancient manor, are William H. Morris, who holds one third part of Old Morisania, lying on tlie west side of the Mill brook, Colonel Lewis Morris, his mother, (who has a life estate,) Governeur Morris, (whose father purchased that portion formerly belonging to StaatsLong Morris,) Gerard Morris, Henry Morris, Hannah Morris, Albert J. and Smith Anderson, William H. Legget, Charles Dennison, Philip Dater, B. L. Benson, Captain Davy, Mr. Humphrey, Julia Stebbins and Jordan L. Mott.

The principal settlement in Morrisania, is a small hamlet bearing the same name, bordering the Haarlem river. Here is a neat hotel, a rail road depot, the rope and cord factory of Mr. John York, an extensive iron foundry belonging to Mr. Jordan L. Mott, and the nursery gardens of Mr. Joseph Lodge.'i

Morris, who holds one third part of Old Morisania, lying on tlie west side of the Mill brook, Colonel Lewis Morris, his mother, (who has a life estate,) Governeur Morris, (whose father purchased that portion formerly belonging to StaatsLong Morris,) Gerard Morris, Henry Morris, Hannah Morris, Albert J. and Smith Anderson, William H. Legget, Charles Dennison, Philip Dater, B. L. Benson, Captain Davy, Mr. Humphrey, Julia Stebbins and Jordan L. Mott.

The principal settlement in Morrisania, is a small hamlet bearing the same name, bordering the Haarlem river. Here is a neat hotel, a rail road depot, the rope and cord factory of Mr. John York, an extensive iron foundry belonging to Mr. Jordan L. Mott, and the nursery gardens of Mr. Joseph Lodge.'i

The Haarlem bridge communicates with the Westchester shore and New York island. Prior to the erection of the bridge, there

« Barber's Hist. Coll. of N. Y.

b Blake's Biographical Dictionary.

e Literally a run between two hills. This name was given her under the supposition that the English could not bewitch her with an assumed name.

d Mr. Lodge, who has had a long experience in the nursery gardening business, is extensively employed in ornamental horticulture.

Vol. II. 40

314 HISTORY OF THE

appears to have been ix fording place between the two shores ; for, upon the 11th of October, 1666, Governor Nicolls granted " certain saw mills to Thomas Delaval, John Vervelen and Daniel Turner, &c., lying over against Verchers or Hogg island, in the Sound, where a passage hath been made to ford over from this island to the maineT^

Lodge, who has had a long experience in the nursery gardening business, is extensively employed in ornamental horticulture.

Vol. II. 40

314 HISTORY OF THE

appears to have been ix fording place between the two shores ; for, upon the 11th of October, 1666, Governor Nicolls granted " certain saw mills to Thomas Delaval, John Vervelen and Daniel Turner, &c., lying over against Verchers or Hogg island, in the Sound, where a passage hath been made to ford over from this island to the maineT^

Governor Dongan's patent for Haarlem, in 1CS6, recites the following : " and whereas, the town lies very commodious for a ferry to and from the maine, which may redowned to the particular benefit of the itihabitants as well as to general good. The freeholders and inhabitants of said town should, in consideration of the benefits and privileges therein granted, as also for what advantage might accrue thereby, be enjoyned and obliged, at their proper costs and charge, to build and provide one or more boats fit for the transportation of men, horse or cattle, for which, a certain allowance was to be given by each particular person," &c.b

In the vicinity of Harlem bridge is situated, the well known country residence of the late Hon. Governeur Morris, which is highly spoken of by travellers, and other persons of taste. Its location is very fine, just on the south-west angle of the township of West Farms, nearly opposite to the beautiful scenery of Hurlgate, and eight miles from New York. It commands extensive views of the surrounding country and the adjacent waters. " Here he passed the latter years of his life exercising an elegant and munificent hospitality, reviewing the studies of liis early days, and carrying on a very interesting correspondence with statesmen and literati in Europe and America.''^ Among his principal guests were Louis Philipe Le Due d'Orleans, (the present king of the French) aud John Victor Moreau, one of the most celebrated of modern French generals.

It commands extensive views of the surrounding country and the adjacent waters. " Here he passed the latter years of his life exercising an elegant and munificent hospitality, reviewing the studies of liis early days, and carrying on a very interesting correspondence with statesmen and literati in Europe and America.''^ Among his principal guests were Louis Philipe Le Due d'Orleans, (the present king of the French) aud John Victor Moreau, one of the most celebrated of modern French generals. Of the old mansion, which was constructed in the French chateau style, nothing remains but the central portion, and this has been greatly modernized by the prea Harlem conveyances

I Harlem conveyances, p. 7.

= Barber's Hibt. Coll. of N. Y.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

sent proprietor. The interior, however, retains much of its former consistence. The hbrary possesses a very choice collection of books. It is chiefly remarkable for the valuable manuscripts belonging to it, which are so extensively connected with the history of its former owner. There are here, likewise, several choice pieces of French furniture, some gobelin tapestry, and a good portrait of the late Hon. Governeur Morris, also a fine marble bust of Mrs. Morris.

The grounds are enriched with many rare ornamental trees and shrubs, among the former deserve to be mentioned, two or three specimens of the deciduous American cypress, (cupressus disticha) said by Gordon to be the finest of the kind in the United States. Of the latter, there are hedges of the gliditsia tricanthus, and the gliditsia horrida. The orchards consist principally of the bell flower, styre and pearmain apple trees.

Governeur Morris, also a fine marble bust of Mrs. Morris.

The grounds are enriched with many rare ornamental trees and shrubs, among the former deserve to be mentioned, two or three specimens of the deciduous American cypress, (cupressus disticha) said by Gordon to be the finest of the kind in the United States. Of the latter, there are hedges of the gliditsia tricanthus, and the gliditsia horrida. The orchards consist principally of the bell flower, styre and pearmain apple trees.

St. Ann's Cburcli, Morrisania.

At a short distance from the house, stands the parish church of St. Ann's, a pleasing gothic structure of marble. This edifice " was erected by the present Governeur Morris, Esq., in a field on his own estate, which had for some time been hallowed, as containing the sepulchre of his parents. In a vault constructed to receive his remains^ as appears by a tablet in the chancel, the relics of the Hon. Governeur Morris," were laid by his faithful widow. In the year of our Lord 1837, she joined him with the

316 HISTORY OF THE

dead ; and, over her remains has arisen this beautiful sanctuary, which, in remembrance of her^ and with respectful regard to two other valued relations of the name, was called St. Ami's, from "St. Anna of the Gospel, and consecrated by that name on the 28th of June, ISU,"'^ by the Right Rev. Benjamin T. Onderdonk, D. D., bishop of New York. The corner stone had been laid with appropriate ceremonies in the preceding October. Its incorporation took place on the 20th of July, 1841 ; Robert Morris and Lewis Morris, churchwardens, Jacob Buckhout, Daniel Devoe, Benjamin Rogers, Benjamin M. Brown, Edward Legget, Lewis G. Morris and Henry W. Morris, vestrymen."^

Anna of the Gospel, and consecrated by that name on the 28th of June, ISU,"'^ by the Right Rev. Benjamin T. Onderdonk, D. D., bishop of New York. The corner stone had been laid with appropriate ceremonies in the preceding October. Its incorporation took place on the 20th of July, 1841 ; Robert Morris and Lewis Morris, churchwardens, Jacob Buckhout, Daniel Devoe, Benjamin Rogers, Benjamin M. Brown, Edward Legget, Lewis G. Morris and Henry W. Morris, vestrymen."^

The interior of the church contains a well arranged chancel and the tablet before mentioned, inscribed as follows : Conjugal afTection consecrated this spot where

THE BEST OF MEN WaS laid

until a vault could be erected to receive his precious remains. A beautiful purple altar cloth adorned with the sacred monogram, surmounted with the glory, together with a silver communion service, consisting of a flagon, two chalices and paten, have been recently presented to the church by the ladies of the congregation. There is also an additional paten which bears the following inscription, " Stas. Anna3 Altari Voverunt Tres, J. H. C. Fest Pentecost, 1842." The bell is inscribed, " Presented to St. Ann's church by Governeur Morris, J. P. Allaire, New York, 1841." It appears, that prior to the Revolution, Morrisania formed one

a Church Register.

b The church with its adjoining grounds, were munificently conveyed to the vestry, as a donation, by its founder, Governeur Morris, Esq., in a deed securing the holy and beautiful house, which God had moved him to erect to the service of God the Father, Son and Holy Ghost, &c. &c." See Church Register.

Ann's church by Governeur Morris, J. P. Allaire, New York, 1841." It appears, that prior to the Revolution, Morrisania formed one

a Church Register.

b The church with its adjoining grounds, were munificently conveyed to the vestry, as a donation, by its founder, Governeur Morris, Esq., in a deed securing the holy and beautiful house, which God had moved him to erect to the service of God the Father, Son and Holy Ghost, &c. &c." See Church Register.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 317

of the precincts of Westchester parish, for, in 1707, she paid for the church and poor, £3 10. In 1720, her quota was £4 10. To St. Ann's church are attached a parsonage and burying ground.

LIST OP RECTORS.

Instit. or call, Incumbents, Vacated by

1841, Rev. Arthur C. Cox, Presb. resig.

1842, Rev. Charles Jones, Presb.

1843, Rev. Charles Aid is, Presb. "

1st Sep., 1847, Rev. Abraham Beach Carter, present incumbent.

Notitia Parochialis. 1847, Communicants, 60. Baptisms, 17.

At the commencement of the revolutionary strnggle. General Heath's division of the American army was stationed at Morrisania. From his memoirs we gather the following particulars. A picket from our general's division, of four hundred and fifty men, constantly mounted, by relief, at Morrisania, from which a chain of sentinels, within half gun-shot of each other, were planted, from the one side of the shore to the other, and near the water passage, between Morrisania and Montresor's island, which in some places is very narrow. The sentinels on the American side were ordered not to presume to fire at those of the British, unless the latter began ; but the British were so fond of beginning, that there was frequently a firing between them. This having been the case one day, and a British officer walking along the bank, on the Montresor's side, an American sentinel, who had been exchanging some shots with a British sentinel, seeing the officer, and concluding him to be better game, gave him a shot, and wounded him.

The sentinels on the American side were ordered not to presume to fire at those of the British, unless the latter began ; but the British were so fond of beginning, that there was frequently a firing between them. This having been the case one day, and a British officer walking along the bank, on the Montresor's side, an American sentinel, who had been exchanging some shots with a British sentinel, seeing the officer, and concluding him to be better game, gave him a shot, and wounded him. He was carried up to the house on the island. An officer with a flag soon came down to the creek and called for the American officer of the picket, and informed him that if the American sentinels fired any more, the commanding officer of the island would cannonade Col. Morris's house, in ivhich the officers of the picket quartered. The American officer immediately sent up to our general, to know what answer should

318 HISTORY OF THE

be returned. He was directed to inform the British officer that the American sentinels had always been instructed not to fire on sentinels unless they were first fired upon, and then to return the fire; that such would be their conduct; as to the cannonading of Col. Morris's house, they might act their pleasure. The firing ceased for some time ; but a raw Scotch sentinel having been planted one day, he very soon after discharged his piece at an American sentinel nearest to him, which was immediately returned ; upon which a British officer came down, and called to the American officers, observing that he thought there was to be no firing between the sentinels. He was answered, that their own began; upon which he replied, "he shall then pay for it." The sentinel was directly after relieved, and there was no firing between the sentinels, at that place, any more, and they were so civil to each other, on the posts, that one day, at a part of the creek where it was practicable, the British sentinel asked the American, who was nearly opposite to him, if he could give him a chew of tobacco; the latter, having in his pocket a piece of thick twisted roll, sent it across the creek to the British sentinel, who, after taking off his bite, sent the remainder back again."'"'

He was answered, that their own began; upon which he replied, "he shall then pay for it." The sentinel was directly after relieved, and there was no firing between the sentinels, at that place, any more, and they were so civil to each other, on the posts, that one day, at a part of the creek where it was practicable, the British sentinel asked the American, who was nearly opposite to him, if he could give him a chew of tobacco; the latter, having in his pocket a piece of thick twisted roll, sent it across the creek to the British sentinel, who, after taking off his bite, sent the remainder back again."'"'

"On the 6th of October, 1776, (continues General Heath,) orders were given for throwing up a new work on Harlem creek below the wood at Morrisania."''

After the retreat of the American army northwards and the settlement of their lines on the Croton, the British refugee corps were stationed at Morrisania, under the command of Col. James de Lancey, who held his head quarters at Col. Morris's house. Here the British appear to have been kept in a constant state of alarm by their vigilant enemies. Upon the 5th of August, 1779, (says Heath) about 100 horse of Sheldon's, Moyland's, and of the militia, and about forty infantry of Glover's brigade, passed by De Lancey's mills to the neighborhood of Morrisania, where they took twelve or fourteen prisoners, some stock, &c. The enemy collected, a skirmish ensued, in which the enemy had a

Here the British appear to have been kept in a constant state of alarm by their vigilant enemies. Upon the 5th of August, 1779, (says Heath) about 100 horse of Sheldon's, Moyland's, and of the militia, and about forty infantry of Glover's brigade, passed by De Lancey's mills to the neighborhood of Morrisania, where they took twelve or fourteen prisoners, some stock, &c. The enemy collected, a skirmish ensued, in which the enemy had a

Heath's Mem. p. 62. b Ibid. 68.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 319

number of men killed and wounded; our loss, two killed and two wounded.''^ The frequency of these attacks compelled De Lancey to shift his quarters under the British guns of Fort No. 8, in Fordham. The dwellings at Morrisania were burnt on the same day with the Westchester court house.

The property of William H. Morris is situated on the high ridge west of the mill brook vale. The house built by James Morris, Esq., occupies the site of one much older, erected in 1795. It is handsome, and well placed, and the neighborhood is rendered extremely beautiful by the inequality of the ground, and the fine mixture of wood and pasture, which diversifies the appearance of the vales and eminences. Within are some good paintings, viz., Jcimes Morris, Benjamin Peale ; Hon. Daniel Webster, Frothingham ; and General Staats Long Morris, artist unknown. A broad and fine carriage road, lined on either side with elms,b is terminated by a picturesque view of the small hamlet of Morrisania. At no great distance stands the residence of the late Commodore Valentine Morris, now occupied by Mr. John Ray.

It is handsome, and well placed, and the neighborhood is rendered extremely beautiful by the inequality of the ground, and the fine mixture of wood and pasture, which diversifies the appearance of the vales and eminences. Within are some good paintings, viz., Jcimes Morris, Benjamin Peale ; Hon. Daniel Webster, Frothingham ; and General Staats Long Morris, artist unknown. A broad and fine carriage road, lined on either side with elms,b is terminated by a picturesque view of the small hamlet of Morrisania. At no great distance stands the residence of the late Commodore Valentine Morris, now occupied by Mr. John Ray.

Upon the east side of the Mill brook lies the old race course^ which is said to have been established by General Staats Long Morris, one of the first importers of blooded horses at the north. The western portion of Morrisania is watered by Cromwell creek,c which discharges into the Haarlem river. The principal seats which embellish this part of the town are those of Mr. Anderson and Mr. Wells, &c.

The Manor of Fordham^^ which forms the last division of West Farms, was, as we have noticed, originally included in the township of Westchester. Its early Indian proprietors appear to have been the sachems Fecquemeck, Rechgawac and Packanariens, who sold the lands of Kekeshiek, bordering the Haarlem

» Heath's Mem. 214.

b One of these trees measures fourteen feet in circumference, while its branches afford a shade of 120 feet.

0 On this stream a mill was erected by Lewis Morris in 1760, of which nothing remains but the mill dam.

The Manor of Fordham^^ which forms the last division of West Farms, was, as we have noticed, originally included in the township of Westchester. Its early Indian proprietors appear to have been the sachems Fecquemeck, Rechgawac and Packanariens, who sold the lands of Kekeshiek, bordering the Haarlem

» Heath's Mem. 214.

b One of these trees measures fourteen feet in circumference, while its branches afford a shade of 120 feet.

0 On this stream a mill was erected by Lewis Morris in 1760, of which nothing remains but the mill dam.

d A word of Saxon origin, and compounded of Ford (ford) ham (mansion.)

3?*

320 ■ HISTORY OF THE - "

River, to the Dutch West India Company, A. D. 1639.^ In 1646, we find the whole of Fordham, as well as the Yoncker's land, in tlie possession of Adriaen van der Donck, whose widow Mary conveyed them to her brother, Elias Doughty. The following sales appear under the hands of the latter in 1666-7 : "Know all men, by these presents, that I, Elias Doughty, of Flushing, do sell unto Mr. John Archer, of Westchester,^ his heirs and assignees, fourscore acres of land and thirty acres of meadow, lying and being betwixt Brothers'' River and the watering place at the end of the Island of Manhatans ; and if the land be not fit to cleare for the plow or hoe, this land is to lye together; and if there be not all such land together as there should, or if there should happen eight or ten acres of land that is not for such use, then the said Archer is to have it with the rest ; and he shall have equal right privilege in the commons as any other man shall have within that Patent that hath no more arable land ; and the meadow is to be mowed all.

John Archer, of Westchester,^ his heirs and assignees, fourscore acres of land and thirty acres of meadow, lying and being betwixt Brothers'' River and the watering place at the end of the Island of Manhatans ; and if the land be not fit to cleare for the plow or hoe, this land is to lye together; and if there be not all such land together as there should, or if there should happen eight or ten acres of land that is not for such use, then the said Archer is to have it with the rest ; and he shall have equal right privilege in the commons as any other man shall have within that Patent that hath no more arable land ; and the meadow is to be mowed all. As witnesse my hand this 1st of March, 1666. As witnesse, if there should lye any more land, that is to say, between thirty and forty acres, it is all in common, and I am to give the said Archer vl firme bill of sale under my hand and seal.

" Elias Doughty.

" I, Elias Doughty, do own to have received full satisfaction of the said Archer for the said lands and meadow ; the house is yet to be : and he, the said Archer, is to have his within the abovesaid tract of land. September the 18ih, 1667.

" It is to be understood that Mr. John Archer is to have the freshest meadow (boggy) that lyeth in the north side of Westchester path between the Patent of Mr. O'Neale, within his second purchase, upon consideration that the said John Archer shall pay to the said Doughty, &c. &c. ; as witness my hand.

" I, Elias Doughty, do own to have received full satisfaction of the said Archer for the said lands and meadow ; the house is yet to be : and he, the said Archer, is to have his within the abovesaid tract of land. September the 18ih, 1667.

" It is to be understood that Mr. John Archer is to have the freshest meadow (boggy) that lyeth in the north side of Westchester path between the Patent of Mr. O'Neale, within his second purchase, upon consideration that the said John Archer shall pay to the said Doughty, &c. &c. ; as witness my hand.

" Elias Doughty.

Examined by John West."

By these and other purchases, John Archer, Esq., eventually

SeeYonkers, b Vol. ii 179.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 321

became seized in fee of 1253 acres. Upon the ISih of November, 1671, Francis Lovelace issued the following letters patent, under the great seal of the province : --

Francis Lovelace, Esq., one of the gentlemen of his Majestie's Hon'ble Privy Chamber, and Governor-General under his Royal Highness, James, Duke of York and Albany, and of all his territories in America, to all to whom these presents shall come, sendeth greeting : Whereas, there is a certain parcel or tract of land within this government, upon the main continent, situate, lying and being to the eastward of Harlem River, near unto ye passage commonly called Spiting Devil, upon which land ye new dorp or village is erected known by the name of Fordham -- ye utmost limits of the whole tract or parcel of land beginning at the high wood land that lyes due northwest over against the first point of the main land to the east of the island Pepiriniman -- there where the hill Moskuta is -- and soe goes alongst the said kill, the said land striking from the high wood land before mentioned east southeast, till it comes to Bronk's, his kill ; soe westward up alongst ye main land to the place where Harlem Kill and Hudson River meet, and then forth alongst Harlem Kill to the first spring or fountain, keeping to the south of Crabb Island ; soe eastward alongst Daniel Turner's land, the high wood land, and ye land belonging to Thomas Hunt ; and then to Bronk's Kill afore mentioned, according to a survey lately made thereof by the surveyor-general -- the which remains upon record ; all which said parcel or tract of land before described being part of the land granted in the grand patent to Hugh O'Neal, and Mary hi§ wife, purchase was made thereof, by John Archer, from Elyas Doughty, who was invested in their interest as of the Indian proprietor, by my approbation, who all acknowledge to have received satisfaction for the same : and the said John Archer having, at his own charge, and with good success, begun a township in a convenient place for the relief of strangers, it being the road for passengers to go to and fro from the main, as well as for mutual intercourse with the neighboring colony, for all encouragement unto him, the said John Ai-cher, in prosecution of the said design, as also for divers other good causes and considerations : know yee, that by virtue of ye commission and authority unto me given by his royal highness, upon whom, by lawful grant and patent from his majestic, the propriety and government of that part of the main land, as well as Long Island, and all the islands adjacent, amongst other things, is settled, I have given, granted, ratified and confirmed, and by these presents do give, grant, ratify and confirm to ye afore mentioned John Archer, his heirs and assignees, all the said parcel or tract of land butted and bounded as aforesaid, together with all the lands, soyles, woods, meadows, pastures, marshes, lakes, waters, creeks, fishing, hawking, hunting and fowling, and all ye profits, commodityes, emmoluments and hereditaments to the said parcel or tract of land or premises belonging or in any wise appertaining, and of every part and parcel thereof; and I doe likewise grant unto ye said John Archer, his heirs and Vol. it. 41

Francis Lovelace, Esq., one of the gentlemen of his Majestie's Hon'ble Privy Chamber, and Governor-General under his Royal Highness, James, Duke of York and Albany, and of all his territories in America, to all to whom these presents shall come, sendeth greeting : Whereas, there is a certain parcel or tract of land within this government, upon the main continent, situate, lying and being to the eastward of Harlem River, near unto ye passage commonly called Spiting Devil, upon which land ye new dorp or village is erected known by the name of Fordham -- ye utmost limits of the whole tract or parcel of land beginning at the high wood land that lyes due northwest over against the first point of the main land to the east of the island Pepiriniman -- there where the hill Moskuta is -- and soe goes alongst the said kill, the said land striking from the high wood land before mentioned east southeast, till it comes to Bronk's, his kill ; soe westward up alongst ye main land to the place where Harlem Kill and Hudson River meet, and then forth alongst Harlem Kill to the first spring or fountain, keeping to the south of Crabb Island ; soe eastward alongst Daniel Turner's land, the high wood land, and ye land belonging to Thomas Hunt ; and then to Bronk's Kill afore mentioned, according to a survey lately made thereof by the surveyor-general -- the which remains upon record ; all which said parcel or tract of land before described being part of the land granted in the grand patent to Hugh O'Neal, and Mary hi§ wife, purchase was made thereof, by John Archer, from Elyas Doughty, who was invested in their interest as of the Indian proprietor, by my approbation, who all acknowledge to have received satisfaction for the same : and the said John Archer having, at his own charge, and with good success, begun a township in a convenient place for the relief of strangers, it being the road for passengers to go to and fro from the main, as well as for mutual intercourse with the neighboring colony, for all encouragement unto him, the said John Ai-cher, in prosecution of the said design, as also for divers other good causes and considerations : know yee, that by virtue of ye commission and authority unto me given by his royal highness, upon whom, by lawful grant and patent from his majestic, the propriety and government of that part of the main land, as well as Long Island, and all the islands adjacent, amongst other things, is settled, I have given, granted, ratified and confirmed, and by these presents do give, grant, ratify and confirm to ye afore mentioned John Archer, his heirs and assignees, all the said parcel or tract of land butted and bounded as aforesaid, together with all the lands, soyles, woods, meadows, pastures, marshes, lakes, waters, creeks, fishing, hawking, hunting and fowling, and all ye profits, commodityes, emmoluments and hereditaments to the said parcel or tract of land or premises belonging or in any wise appertaining, and of every part and parcel thereof; and I doe likewise grant unto ye said John Archer, his heirs and Vol. it. 41

322 v^.: \ '-)- HISTORY OF THE

assignees, that the house which he shall erect, togethei^ with ye said parcel or tract of land and premises, shall be forever hereafter held, claimed, reputed, and be an entire and enfranchised township, manor and place of itself, and shall always, from time to time, and at all times hereafter, have, hold and enjoy like and equal privileges and immunities with any town enfranchised or manor within this government, and shall, in no manner of way, be subordinate or belonging unto, have any dependince upon, or in any wise be under the rule, order or direction of any riding, township, place or jurisdiction either upon the main or Long Island, but shall, in all cases, things and matters, be deemed, reputed, taken and held as an absolute, entire, enfranchised township, manor and place of itself in this government, as aforesaid, and shall be ruled, ordered and directed, in all matters as to government, by ye governor and his council, and ye general court of assizes, only always provided that the inhabitants of the said town, or any part of the land granted as aforesaid, shall be obliged to send forward to ye next town or plantation all public pacquetta and letters, or hue and cryes, comming to this place or going from it towards or to any of his majeslie's colonies ; and I do further grant unto the said John Archer, his heirs and assignees, that when there shall be a sufficient number of inhabitants in the town of Fordham aforementioned, and the other parts of ye manor capable of maintaining a minister, and to carry on other public affairs ; that then the neighboring inhabitants between the two kills of Harlem and Bronk's be obliged to contribute towards the maintenance of their said minister and other necessary public charges that may happen to arise, and likewise that they belong to the said town, according to the direction of the law, although their said farms and habitations be not included within this patent, to have and to hold ye said parcel and tracts of land, with all and singular the appurtenances and premises, together with the privileges, immunities, franchises and advantages herein given and granted unto the said John Archer, his heirs and assignees, unto the proper use and behoof of him, the said John Archer, his heirs and assignees forever, fully, truly and clearly, in as large and ample manner, and from and with such full and absolute immunities and privileges as is before expressed, as if he held the same immediately from his majesty, the King of England, and his successors, as of the manor of East Greenwich, in the county of Kent, in free and common soccage and by fealty, only yealding, rendering and paying yearly and every year unto his royal highness, the Duke of York and his successors, or to such governor and governors as from time to time shall by him be constituted and appointed, as all acknowledgment and quit rent, twenty bushels of good peas, upon the first day of March, when it shall be demanded.

assignees, that the house which he shall erect, togethei^ with ye said parcel or tract of land and premises, shall be forever hereafter held, claimed, reputed, and be an entire and enfranchised township, manor and place of itself, and shall always, from time to time, and at all times hereafter, have, hold and enjoy like and equal privileges and immunities with any town enfranchised or manor within this government, and shall, in no manner of way, be subordinate or belonging unto, have any dependince upon, or in any wise be under the rule, order or direction of any riding, township, place or jurisdiction either upon the main or Long Island, but shall, in all cases, things and matters, be deemed, reputed, taken and held as an absolute, entire, enfranchised township, manor and place of itself in this government, as aforesaid, and shall be ruled, ordered and directed, in all matters as to government, by ye governor and his council, and ye general court of assizes, only always provided that the inhabitants of the said town, or any part of the land granted as aforesaid, shall be obliged to send forward to ye next town or plantation all public pacquetta and letters, or hue and cryes, comming to this place or going from it towards or to any of his majeslie's colonies ; and I do further grant unto the said John Archer, his heirs and assignees, that when there shall be a sufficient number of inhabitants in the town of Fordham aforementioned, and the other parts of ye manor capable of maintaining a minister, and to carry on other public affairs ; that then the neighboring inhabitants between the two kills of Harlem and Bronk's be obliged to contribute towards the maintenance of their said minister and other necessary public charges that may happen to arise, and likewise that they belong to the said town, according to the direction of the law, although their said farms and habitations be not included within this patent, to have and to hold ye said parcel and tracts of land, with all and singular the appurtenances and premises, together with the privileges, immunities, franchises and advantages herein given and granted unto the said John Archer, his heirs and assignees, unto the proper use and behoof of him, the said John Archer, his heirs and assignees forever, fully, truly and clearly, in as large and ample manner, and from and with such full and absolute immunities and privileges as is before expressed, as if he held the same immediately from his majesty, the King of England, and his successors, as of the manor of East Greenwich, in the county of Kent, in free and common soccage and by fealty, only yealding, rendering and paying yearly and every year unto his royal highness, the Duke of York and his successors, or to such governor and governors as from time to time shall by him be constituted and appointed, as all acknowledgment and quit rent, twenty bushels of good peas, upon the first day of March, when it shall be demanded.

Given under my hand, and sealed with the seal of the province at Fort James, in New York, on the island of Manhattan, this thirteenth day of November, in the twenty-lHrd year of the reign of our sovereign lord, Charles the Seccond, by the grace of God, of England, Scotland, France and Ireland, King, Defender of the Faith, and Anno Domini, le"! Francis Lovelace.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. .. - 323

Sometime prior to 1672, Daniel Turner purchased forty morgen of land from tlie Indian sachems Shahash Panazarah and others, bounded west by Harlem River, &.c. This sale is presumed to have embraced Devoe's Point, called by the aborigines Nuasin. On the 15th of June, 160S, Richard Nicoll, governor of the province, confirmed to the above grantee all that parcel of land " situated upon the maine, lying and being to the north of Broncks's land, beginning at the mouth of 3Iaen7ieppis-ki!l, (now known as Cromwell's Creek,) and goes into the woods the depth of fifty rods, containing 80 acres," (fcc. &c.

Upon the restoration of the Dutch in 1673, we find the inhabitants of Fordham, petitioning at a meeting of the governor-general, through counsellor Cornelius Steenwyck, in the village of New Harlem, 4th of October, ]673, -'upon which occasion the inhabitants of Fordha?n appeared and complained, in substance, of the bad management of their lord, (land-heer,) John Archer, soliciting that they might be permitted to make the nomination of their own magistrates. &c. as is granted to all the other inhabitants under this government ; on which, the aforesaid John Archer, being summoned, this complaint was communicated to him, who voluntarily declared that he abdicated all authority and patronage over the villages, reserving only to himself the property of the lands and houses there, and permitting the said inhabitants the nomination of their own magistrates, winch was confirmed by the governor and council.

Upon the restoration of the Dutch in 1673, we find the inhabitants of Fordham, petitioning at a meeting of the governor-general, through counsellor Cornelius Steenwyck, in the village of New Harlem, 4th of October, ]673, -'upon which occasion the inhabitants of Fordha?n appeared and complained, in substance, of the bad management of their lord, (land-heer,) John Archer, soliciting that they might be permitted to make the nomination of their own magistrates. &c. as is granted to all the other inhabitants under this government ; on which, the aforesaid John Archer, being summoned, this complaint was communicated to him, who voluntarily declared that he abdicated all authority and patronage over the villages, reserving only to himself the property of the lands and houses there, and permitting the said inhabitants the nomination of their own magistrates, winch was confirmed by the governor and council. The following act was granted them : " The inhabitants of the village of Fordham are, by a majority of votes, to choose anumber of six persons of the best qualified inhabitants, and only those of the Re/.^rmed Christian religion, as magistrates of aforesaid village, and to present the aforesaid nomination, by the first opportunity, to the governor-general, from which he shall make the election. They are recommended to lake care that at least the half of the nominated are of the Dutch nation. Done in this village of New Harlem, 4th of October, 1673. " From the nomination of the inhabitants of Fordham, there are elected, by the governor, as magistrates of said village for the ensuing year,

The following act was granted them : " The inhabitants of the village of Fordham are, by a majority of votes, to choose anumber of six persons of the best qualified inhabitants, and only those of the Re/.^rmed Christian religion, as magistrates of aforesaid village, and to present the aforesaid nomination, by the first opportunity, to the governor-general, from which he shall make the election. They are recommended to lake care that at least the half of the nominated are of the Dutch nation. Done in this village of New Harlem, 4th of October, 1673. " From the nomination of the inhabitants of Fordham, there are elected, by the governor, as magistrates of said village for the ensuing year,

" Johannes Verveelen, as schepen and secretaryj

^;' '! :. • HISTORY OF THE

" Michael Beistyeiisen, '' Valentyn Claessen.a- "Done at Fort William Hendricke, on the ISth Oct., 1673." The. following year, John Archer, Esq., laid claim to a neck of land called Huinock Island, commonly named Fapinniman^^ which he asserted he had by patent.

Upon the 25th of November, 1676, John Archer mortgaged the manor of Fordham to Qonielius Steinwyck, merchant of New

York. .:• :;^-:

This indenture, made the twenty-fourth day of November, in the 2d year of the reign of our sovereign lord, Charles the Second, by the grace of God, of England, Scotland, France and Ireland, King, Defender of the Faith, and Anno Domini 16T6, between John Archer, owner and proprietor of the manor of Fordham, upon the main, near Spiting Devil, on the one part, and Cornelius Sleenwick, of the city of New York, merchant, on the other part, witnesseih, that the said John Archer, for, and in consideration of the sum of twenty-four thousand guilders seawant, or the value to him paid, secured to be paid at or before the ensealing and delivering of these presents by the said Cornelius Steenwick, whereof and wherewith he, the said John Archer, doth acknowledge and confess himself to be fully satisfied, and thereof doth clearly acquit and discharge the said Cornelius Steenwick, his heirs, executors, and administrators, hath allowed, granted, bargained and sold, and by these presents doth fully, clearly and absolutely alien, grant, bargain and sell unto the said Cornelius Steenwick, his heirs and assigns forever, all his right, title and interest in the town and manor aforesaid, together with all the messuages, tenements, buildings and fences thereupon, and all the land improved or other ways now in the tenure or occupation of him, the said John Archer, and others, his tenants or assigns, and also all and all manner of rents, duties and profits received or may be received, and payable for and in respect of every or any of the said barga ned premises, and also all and singular deeds, patents, evidences and writings, touching and concerning the same, and the privileges therein contained, to have and to hold the said manor of Fordham, with the messuages and all and singular other the premises by these presents granted or intended to be granted, bargained and sold, with their and every of their appurtenances, unt) the said Cornelius Steenwick, his heirs and assigns, to the only proper use and behoof of him, the said Cornelius Steenwick, his heirs and assigns for ever, provided always, nevertheless, and upon the condition that if the said John Archer, his heirs, executors, administrators or assigns, or any of

This indenture, made the twenty-fourth day of November, in the 2d year of the reign of our sovereign lord, Charles the Second, by the grace of God, of England, Scotland, France and Ireland, King, Defender of the Faith, and Anno Domini 16T6, between John Archer, owner and proprietor of the manor of Fordham, upon the main, near Spiting Devil, on the one part, and Cornelius Sleenwick, of the city of New York, merchant, on the other part, witnesseih, that the said John Archer, for, and in consideration of the sum of twenty-four thousand guilders seawant, or the value to him paid, secured to be paid at or before the ensealing and delivering of these presents by the said Cornelius Steenwick, whereof and wherewith he, the said John Archer, doth acknowledge and confess himself to be fully satisfied, and thereof doth clearly acquit and discharge the said Cornelius Steenwick, his heirs, executors, and administrators, hath allowed, granted, bargained and sold, and by these presents doth fully, clearly and absolutely alien, grant, bargain and sell unto the said Cornelius Steenwick, his heirs and assigns forever, all his right, title and interest in the town and manor aforesaid, together with all the messuages, tenements, buildings and fences thereupon, and all the land improved or other ways now in the tenure or occupation of him, the said John Archer, and others, his tenants or assigns, and also all and all manner of rents, duties and profits received or may be received, and payable for and in respect of every or any of the said barga ned premises, and also all and singular deeds, patents, evidences and writings, touching and concerning the same, and the privileges therein contained, to have and to hold the said manor of Fordham, with the messuages and all and singular other the premises by these presents granted or intended to be granted, bargained and sold, with their and every of their appurtenances, unt) the said Cornelius Steenwick, his heirs and assigns, to the only proper use and behoof of him, the said Cornelius Steenwick, his heirs and assigns for ever, provided always, nevertheless, and upon the condition that if the said John Archer, his heirs, executors, administrators or assigns, or any of

Alb. Ree. vol. xxiii. 2G and 52. b See Yonkers.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. ; 325

them at or in the new dwelUng house of the said Cornelius Steenwick, situate and being in the city of New York, shall pay unto the said Cornelius Steenwick, his heirs, executors, or administrators or assigns, that value of twentyfour thousand guilders, or the value, within the time and terms of seven years after the date hereof; that is to say, before the twenty-fourth day of November, which shall be in the year . of our Lord, 1683, and also paying a yearly interest for the same until the principal be paid, at the rate of six per cent., as allowed by law, and that without fraud, or henceforth this present indenture or bargain and sale shall cease, determine, and be utterly void and of none effect to all intents, construction and purpose ; and that then also it shall and may be lawful for the said John Archer, his heirs and assigns, to enter into and upon the said bargained premises, wholly to re-enter, and the same to have again, and to possess as his and their former estates, any thing contained in these presents to the contrary notwithstanding : and whereas, the said John Archer, at or before the ensealing and delivery of these presents, hath delivered to the said Cornelius Steenwick certain deeds, patent evidences in writing, which he hath concerning the said bargained premises, he, the said Cornelius Steenwick, for himself, his heirs, executors and administrators, doth by these presents covenant and grant to and with the said John Archer, his heirs

them at or in the new dwelUng house of the said Cornelius Steenwick, situate and being in the city of New York, shall pay unto the said Cornelius Steenwick, his heirs, executors, or administrators or assigns, that value of twentyfour thousand guilders, or the value, within the time and terms of seven years after the date hereof; that is to say, before the twenty-fourth day of November, which shall be in the year . of our Lord, 1683, and also paying a yearly interest for the same until the principal be paid, at the rate of six per cent., as allowed by law, and that without fraud, or henceforth this present indenture or bargain and sale shall cease, determine, and be utterly void and of none effect to all intents, construction and purpose ; and that then also it shall and may be lawful for the said John Archer, his heirs and assigns, to enter into and upon the said bargained premises, wholly to re-enter, and the same to have again, and to possess as his and their former estates, any thing contained in these presents to the contrary notwithstanding : and whereas, the said John Archer, at or before the ensealing and delivery of these presents, hath delivered to the said Cornelius Steenwick certain deeds, patent evidences in writing, which he hath concerning the said bargained premises, he, the said Cornelius Steenwick, for himself, his heirs, executors and administrators, doth by these presents covenant and grant to and with the said John Archer, his heirs

assigns, and every of them ; that if the said John Archer, &c. &c.

recorded 25th of November, 1G70.

On the 20lli of November, 1684, Cornelias Steenwyck of New- York, merchant, and Margaretta his wife, made their last will and testament in the Dutch language. After the usual preamhle they express themselves to the following effect, viz. :

" We the said testators do declare that our earnest will and last desire is, that the general inheritance of us, the said testators, and between our heirs, shall he regulated after the form, manner, custom and practice of the Nether Dutch nation, and according to the articles made upon the surrendering of this place. And I, the said testator, with the free consent of my wife, by form of a legacy have given, granted, and legacied, as f, the said testator, by form of legacy, do give and grant by these presents, for and to the proper use and behoof of the Nether Dutch Reformed congregation within the city of New York, for the support and maintainance of their ministers ordained according to the church orders of the Netherlands, now at present here in being, or hereafter to be called, ordained, or to come, all the testator's right, property title, and heraditaments in and to the manor of Fordham, lying in the county of Westchester, together with all the lands, meadows, fields, woods, creeks, rivulets, and other waters, as also all the said testator's jurisdiction, right, title, action, and property, in and to the said manor of Fordham, with alfthe patents, deeds, .schedules, hypothets, mortgages, and other instruments of writing to the said manor of Fordham belonging or in anywise appertaining, in

And I, the said testator, with the free consent of my wife, by form of a legacy have given, granted, and legacied, as f, the said testator, by form of legacy, do give and grant by these presents, for and to the proper use and behoof of the Nether Dutch Reformed congregation within the city of New York, for the support and maintainance of their ministers ordained according to the church orders of the Netherlands, now at present here in being, or hereafter to be called, ordained, or to come, all the testator's right, property title, and heraditaments in and to the manor of Fordham, lying in the county of Westchester, together with all the lands, meadows, fields, woods, creeks, rivulets, and other waters, as also all the said testator's jurisdiction, right, title, action, and property, in and to the said manor of Fordham, with alfthe patents, deeds, .schedules, hypothets, mortgages, and other instruments of writing to the said manor of Fordham belonging or in anywise appertaining, in

326 HISTORY OF THE

as full and ample as the said manor of Fordham now already in property is belonging, or hereafter more amply shall be confirmed unto the said testator by deed, conveyance, transport, hypothet, mortgage, judgement or otherwise, from or by any manner of way or means, of John Archer, deceased, last owner and proprietor of the said manor of Fordham.

And 1, the said testator, do further order and declare, as my last will and testament, the said manor of Fordham, together with all the benefits, profits, incomes, advantages, rents, and revenues, and all appurtenances thereof, shall be conveyed, transported, and made over, in a free, quiet, and full property and enjoyment by the testator's appointed executrix within the space of six months after the testator's decease, or upon lawful demand, to the elders and overseers of the Nether Dutch congregation, for the proper use and behoof o{ the minister of the said congregation, as herebefore at large is expressed and set forth, to be held in full propriety, possession, and enjoyment, inheritably and forever, by the said elders or overseers at the time of the testator's decease in being, and all others that from time to time shall succeed in their places, to the end and use as aforesaid, without any let or hindrance or contradiction of any person or persons whatsoever.

And 1, the said testator, do further order and declare, as my last will and testament, the said manor of Fordham, together with all the benefits, profits, incomes, advantages, rents, and revenues, and all appurtenances thereof, shall be conveyed, transported, and made over, in a free, quiet, and full property and enjoyment by the testator's appointed executrix within the space of six months after the testator's decease, or upon lawful demand, to the elders and overseers of the Nether Dutch congregation, for the proper use and behoof o{ the minister of the said congregation, as herebefore at large is expressed and set forth, to be held in full propriety, possession, and enjoyment, inheritably and forever, by the said elders or overseers at the time of the testator's decease in being, and all others that from time to time shall succeed in their places, to the end and use as aforesaid, without any let or hindrance or contradiction of any person or persons whatsoever.

Provided always that none of the lands of said manor may be made away alienated contrary to the tenor of these presents, or otherwise disposed of, but from thenceforth forever be and remain as lands of inheritance towards the support and maintenance of the minister of said congregation is and recited and not otherwise. And finally, I, the said testator, do hereby declare that I have nominated, appointed, and authorized my aforesaid dear and loving wife Margaretta Recmur to be my only and lawful executrix of this my last will and testament, giving and granting by these presents unto her my said wife as full and ample power and authority as all other executors by law have and do enjoy, as in and by an English translated copy thereof and the said original Dutch will in the hands and custody of the said minister, elders and deacons fully and at large appear," &c , &c.

And finally, I, the said testator, do hereby declare that I have nominated, appointed, and authorized my aforesaid dear and loving wife Margaretta Recmur to be my only and lawful executrix of this my last will and testament, giving and granting by these presents unto her my said wife as full and ample power and authority as all other executors by law have and do enjoy, as in and by an English translated copy thereof and the said original Dutch will in the hands and custody of the said minister, elders and deacons fully and at large appear," &c , &c.

Soon after the making of this will the said Cornelius Steenwyck^ died so seized and possessed of the manor as aforesaid.

Subsequently John Archer, the younger son and heir of John Archer, first grantor of the manor of Fordham, by an indenture bearing date the 16th of October, 1685, for and in consideration therein mentioned, did grant, release, and convey the said manor of Fordham, and his estate, right, and title of it and to the same, and the equity of redemption thereof, and all the deeds unto the aforesaid Margaretta Steenwyck, and make livery seizure thereotV &c. Upon the 10th of January, 1694, Dominie Henricus Selyns and Margaretta his wife, formerly Margaretta Steenwyck,

COUNTY Ob' WESTCHESTER. 327

by their certain deed jjoll, under their hands and seals, did grant and convey to Colonel Nicholas Bayard, Captain Isaac Vermilyea, Jacob Bolen Rockloyzun, and John Harpendinck, then elders and overseers of the Nether Dutch Church within the city of New York, &c., and their lawful successors and heirs and posterity the said manor of Fordham, lying in the county of Westchester above mentioned, with all the lands and meadows, fields, woods, rivulets, creeks and other rivers, together with all the right, title, property, jurisdiction, and interest which either the aforesaid Cornelius Steenwyck or in quality as before in any other manner of way before that time had in the said manor of Fordham, and its appurtenances, whether it be by right from the said John Archer or from his son, John Archer, jr., to be held and forever enjoyed, used, and possessed, and held in full and absolute property, as an hereditary estate, by the said elders and overseers of the aforesaid congregation who were then in being-, with all the profits, incomes, benefits, and revenues, for the belter sujjport and maintainance of the said minister^ called pursuant to order of the church of Netherlands \\\Qn present or that should thercajter be called and come.

by their certain deed jjoll, under their hands and seals, did grant and convey to Colonel Nicholas Bayard, Captain Isaac Vermilyea, Jacob Bolen Rockloyzun, and John Harpendinck, then elders and overseers of the Nether Dutch Church within the city of New York, &c., and their lawful successors and heirs and posterity the said manor of Fordham, lying in the county of Westchester above mentioned, with all the lands and meadows, fields, woods, rivulets, creeks and other rivers, together with all the right, title, property, jurisdiction, and interest which either the aforesaid Cornelius Steenwyck or in quality as before in any other manner of way before that time had in the said manor of Fordham, and its appurtenances, whether it be by right from the said John Archer or from his son, John Archer, jr., to be held and forever enjoyed, used, and possessed, and held in full and absolute property, as an hereditary estate, by the said elders and overseers of the aforesaid congregation who were then in being-, with all the profits, incomes, benefits, and revenues, for the belter sujjport and maintainance of the said minister^ called pursuant to order of the church of Netherlands \\\Qn present or that should thercajter be called and come.

, Provided, and with the aforesaid condition and stipulant, that the manor with all its appurtenances, should, in no wise be alienated nor estranged, contrary to the tenor of the aforementioned will and bequest, but should remain to the use and behoof aforesaid, and not otherwise, releasing therefor, the said deed to property, title and right that this said grantors as well for themselves or in quality as above heretofore had to the said manor and its appurtenances, could or ought to have in any manner of way whatsoever as by the said indenture in the hands and custody of the said Nicholas Bayard and the present elders of the said Dutch church became seized and possessed of the premises aforesaid in trust to the use and purpose aforesaid.

, Provided, and with the aforesaid condition and stipulant, that the manor with all its appurtenances, should, in no wise be alienated nor estranged, contrary to the tenor of the aforementioned will and bequest, but should remain to the use and behoof aforesaid, and not otherwise, releasing therefor, the said deed to property, title and right that this said grantors as well for themselves or in quality as above heretofore had to the said manor and its appurtenances, could or ought to have in any manner of way whatsoever as by the said indenture in the hands and custody of the said Nicholas Bayard and the present elders of the said Dutch church became seized and possessed of the premises aforesaid in trust to the use and purpose aforesaid.

In December, 1753. the lieutenant governor of his mnjesty's province of New York, with the council and assembly, passed an act entitled, "An act to enable the minister, elders, and deacons of the Reformed Protestant Dutch Church of the city of New York to sell and dispose of their lands, tenements, and hereditaments in the county of Westchester, commonly called

328 HISTORY OF THE

and known by the name of the Manor of Fordham^'^ &.c. " And be it further enacted, by the authority aforesaid, that the moneys arising by such sale or sales shall not be disposed of to any secular use, but the same shall be expended and used in purchasing or improving lands and other real estate, in order to secure a better and more large revenue or income towards supporting and maintaining of the said Dutch minister, or ministers, of the said Dutch churches and congregations, as near as may be agreeable to the will and intentions of the said donor, Cornelius ^teenwyck," &c. On the 25th of February, 1755, the above act was confirmed by the king in council.^

" And be it further enacted, by the authority aforesaid, that the moneys arising by such sale or sales shall not be disposed of to any secular use, but the same shall be expended and used in purchasing or improving lands and other real estate, in order to secure a better and more large revenue or income towards supporting and maintaining of the said Dutch minister, or ministers, of the said Dutch churches and congregations, as near as may be agreeable to the will and intentions of the said donor, Cornelius ^teenwyck," &c. On the 25th of February, 1755, the above act was confirmed by the king in council.^

The principal grantees of the manor under the Dutch Reformed Church were Charles Doughty, who held 230 acres, John Vanholst, 138 acres, Daniel Secord, 108 acres, Joseph and Bishop, 155 acres, the Dyckmans, &c. The residue, consisting of forty acres, was sold to the Hon. Lewis Morris and Willliam Kelly in 1760. Upon the 2d of May, 1774, Lewis Morris and William Kelly conveyed 110 acres to Peter Valentine, in whose descendants tills portion of the manor is still vested.

Through the liberality of Mrs. Sleenwyck, 300 acres are said to have been exempted from the sale to the Dutch Church, upon which was situated the old manorial residence. Be this as it may, however, we find Benjamin Archer, son of Samuel and grandson of John Archer, first grantor of the manor of Fordham. in 1780 seized in fee of a portion of the manor. Upon the death of Benjamin it passed to his children, Benjamin Archer, John Archer, Sarah, the wife of Jacob Alord, and Rachel, the wife of James Crawford. In 1786 Sarah and Rachel conveyed their rights and interest unto Benjamin Archer, their brother, whose sons, the present William and Samuel Archer, are the only proprietors of the name that own a foot of land in Fordham.

Be this as it may, however, we find Benjamin Archer, son of Samuel and grandson of John Archer, first grantor of the manor of Fordham. in 1780 seized in fee of a portion of the manor. Upon the death of Benjamin it passed to his children, Benjamin Archer, John Archer, Sarah, the wife of Jacob Alord, and Rachel, the wife of James Crawford. In 1786 Sarah and Rachel conveyed their rights and interest unto Benjamin Archer, their brother, whose sons, the present William and Samuel Archer, are the only proprietors of the name that own a foot of land in Fordham. The family of Archer^' is of English origin, and held for many cen-

» The funds arising from the sale of this property arc now vested in Ciiamber St. New York.

b The surname c>f this family originated at the time of tlie crusades, when some designation was necessarily affixed to the Christain name of those who embarked in them, for distinction's sake ; as L'Archer, signifying the archer or bow-man.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. " 329

tiiries large possessions in the county of Warwicksliire. The representative of the senior branch in 1600 appears to have been John Archer of Warwickshire, who married Eleanor Frewin. Fulbert L'Archer, the first of whom anytliing is known, came into England with William the Conqueror. At what period they emigrated to this country is uncertain, but as early as 1630, occurs ihe name of Samuel Archer, a freeman of Salem, Massachusetts, and in 1641, Henry Archer, of Ipswich in that province. John Archer, first proprietor of the manor of Fordham, probably accompanied the early settlers from Fairfield to Westchester, cir. 1654, for in 1657 his name appears as plaintiff in an action of debt brought against one Roger Wiles.a it is said that this individual expired in his coach while journeying to New York city, November, 1685.'^

At what period they emigrated to this country is uncertain, but as early as 1630, occurs ihe name of Samuel Archer, a freeman of Salem, Massachusetts, and in 1641, Henry Archer, of Ipswich in that province. John Archer, first proprietor of the manor of Fordham, probably accompanied the early settlers from Fairfield to Westchester, cir. 1654, for in 1657 his name appears as plaintiff in an action of debt brought against one Roger Wiles.a it is said that this individual expired in his coach while journeying to New York city, November, 1685.'^

In 1686, appears the following license and certificate concerning his son's marriage :

" By his Excellency the governor, whereas, 1 have received information of a mutual intent and agreement between John Archer of the one part, and Sarah Odell of the other part, to solemnize marriage together, for which they have requested my lycense, and there appearing no lawful impediment for the obstruction thereof, these are to authorize and empower you to join the said John and Sarah Odell in the bonds of matrimony, and them to pronounce man and wife, and to make record thereof, if convenient to the laws in that behalf provided, for which this shall be your warrant. Given under my hand and seal, at Fort James, in New York, the seventh day of October, 16S6, under the 2nd year of his majesties reign.

Thomas Donga n." Province of New York,

These may certify all persons to whom these presents shall come, that John Archer, of the manor of Fordham, in the county of Westchester, and Sarah Odell of the same place, by virtue of his Excellency the governor's license, bearing date the 7th day of October, 1686, were both joined together in matrimony the

Given under my hand and seal, at Fort James, in New York, the seventh day of October, 16S6, under the 2nd year of his majesties reign.

Thomas Donga n." Province of New York,

These may certify all persons to whom these presents shall come, that John Archer, of the manor of Fordham, in the county of Westchester, and Sarah Odell of the same place, by virtue of his Excellency the governor's license, bearing date the 7th day of October, 1686, were both joined together in matrimony the

» See vol. ii. 179. ^ His remains were interred on Tetanl hill.

Vol. II. 42

330 HISTORY OF THE

day of Dec, in the year of our Lord God, 16S6, and in the 2nd year of iiis majesty's reign.

Ita Rogatus, At testator. John Pahner,

Justice of Quorum.

The children of John Archer, Jr. and Sarah his wife, were John, Samuel, Richard and others, who have left numerous descendants.

The small hamlet of Fordham " is situated on the line of the Haarlem railroad, where is a depot, twelve and a half miles north of the City Hall." This place is said to have been the site of the ancient Dutch dorpe or village. '-Here are located a Dntch Reformed Church, an academy, three taverns, two stores, and thirty or forty dwelling houses.

" aS'^ John's College, a Roman Catholic institution, is situated near this place, on an eminence called Bose Hill ; enjoying all the advantages peculiar to the country, its pure invigorating air, its retirement and peacefid quiet, so favorable to the formation and growth of studious habits ; while at the same time its proximity to the city by means of the railroad, is a great convenience. This institution, the only one of its kind in the state, was first opened for the reception of students on the 24ih of June, 1841.'' It was incorporated by an act of the legislature passed April 10th, 1846. 'l"he following is an extract from their rules and regulations: "The system of government will be mild and paternal, yet firm in enforcing the observance of established discipline.

" aS'^ John's College, a Roman Catholic institution, is situated near this place, on an eminence called Bose Hill ; enjoying all the advantages peculiar to the country, its pure invigorating air, its retirement and peacefid quiet, so favorable to the formation and growth of studious habits ; while at the same time its proximity to the city by means of the railroad, is a great convenience. This institution, the only one of its kind in the state, was first opened for the reception of students on the 24ih of June, 1841.'' It was incorporated by an act of the legislature passed April 10th, 1846. 'l"he following is an extract from their rules and regulations: "The system of government will be mild and paternal, yet firm in enforcing the observance of established discipline. The utmost attention v/ill be paid not only to the intellectual, but also to the moral education of the pupils. As to their domestic comfort, every thing which parental afieclion can desire will be found and supplied in the assiduous attention and skilful management of the iSisters of Charity^ to whom the charge of this important and highly responsible department is mainly confided." The college, which contains the rooms of the various professors, library, &c., is a large, elegant, and commodious edifice. The iiall is adorned wiih some valuable engravings from Raphael's frescoes in the Vatican, presented by the late Pope Gregory XVI., to the Right Rev. Bishop Hughes. The oil pictures consist of a Madonna de la pesce, a copy from the original

As to their domestic comfort, every thing which parental afieclion can desire will be found and supplied in the assiduous attention and skilful management of the iSisters of Charity^ to whom the charge of this important and highly responsible department is mainly confided." The college, which contains the rooms of the various professors, library, &c., is a large, elegant, and commodious edifice. The iiall is adorned wiih some valuable engravings from Raphael's frescoes in the Vatican, presented by the late Pope Gregory XVI., to the Right Rev. Bishop Hughes. The oil pictures consist of a Madonna de la pesce, a copy from the original

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 331

by Raphael. Tliis picture is from the collection of the late Joseph Bonaparte ; The Entombment of the Saviour, a copy by William Franquinet. The head of St. Joseph in this picture is finely painted. The wooden building attached to the gardens on the south was formerly the residence of Colonel John Watts and his wife, the celebrated Lady Mary Alexander, daughter of Major General Lord Stirling. The church is a very laro;e and handsome structure of stone, in the Gothic style. It is intended to embattle the tower and carry up the spire. The windows, which are filled with some excellent stained glass, give the interior a very pleasing appearance. The apostles, St. Peter and St, Paul, and the four evangelists are depicted in six windows, three on each side. These figures are executed in the best style of modern stained glass; they stand on floriated Gothic pedestals of gold surmounted by a rich canopy of the same. At the foot of the pedestal a gold escutcheon containing the name of each apostle and evangelist. The whole were made to order expressly for this church at St. Omers in France.

Peter and St, Paul, and the four evangelists are depicted in six windows, three on each side. These figures are executed in the best style of modern stained glass; they stand on floriated Gothic pedestals of gold surmounted by a rich canopy of the same. At the foot of the pedestal a gold escutcheon containing the name of each apostle and evangelist. The whole were made to order expressly for this church at St. Omers in France.

Adjoining the church on the west is the new divinity school of St. Joseph ; the grounds are extensive, and in a state of iiigh improvement. The collegiate year commences on the first Monday of September. Average number of students about 130.

Rose hill place has been successively the property of the families of Gorsar, Watts, and Brevoort, from whom it passed to Horatio Shephard Moat, who sold it in 1836 to the present proprietor.

The farm and residence of the late Peter de Lancey, Esq., is delightfully situated near the college.

In the same neighborhood is Belmont^ the property of Jacob Lorillard, Esq. The house, which occupies an elevated position, commands a very extensive view of the Mill brook vale and the country adjacent.

The Dutch Reformed Church stands upon rising ground on the north side of the road leading from Fordham to Kingsbridge. This edifice was erected in 1801. It is a neat wooden structure, but contains nothing worthy of particular notice. The old church,^ which has long since been destroyed, stood

In the same neighborhood is Belmont^ the property of Jacob Lorillard, Esq. The house, which occupies an elevated position, commands a very extensive view of the Mill brook vale and the country adjacent.

The Dutch Reformed Church stands upon rising ground on the north side of the road leading from Fordham to Kingsbridge. This edifice was erected in 1801. It is a neat wooden structure, but contains nothing worthy of particular notice. The old church,^ which has long since been destroyed, stood

0- This building was standing in 1724. Mrs. Steenwyck and William Dyckman are said to liave been liberal benefactors towards its erection.

332 HISTORY OF THE

on the farm of Mr. James Valentine. Little is known concerning the early history of this church, except that as early as 1671, "The inhabitants residing between the two kills of Haarlem and the Broncks were obliged to contribute towards the support of its minister." Upon the 11th of May, 1690, it appears to have been regularly organized by the Collegiate D. R. Church of New York; the Rev. John Montague being at that time minister of the latter and Henricus Selyns, William Beeckmau, Johannis Kerbyle, Johannis de Peyster, Jacobus Kipp, Isaac de Forrest, and Isaac de Reyner, elders and deacons. The last minister prior to the Revolution was the Rev. Dom. Tetard.

The following minutes are extracted from the record of the New York Classis :

"At a classis held in Flatbush on Tuesday, September 2d, 1800, c^c. The church in the Manor of Fordha7Ji, being reduced during the war, and a prospect now opening of their being restored, Resolved, that this classis encourage and countenance them, by assisting and supplying them. Resolved further, that Dr. Livingston visit and preach to them as soon as convenient.''^

Tetard.

The following minutes are extracted from the record of the New York Classis :

"At a classis held in Flatbush on Tuesday, September 2d, 1800, c^c. The church in the Manor of Fordha7Ji, being reduced during the war, and a prospect now opening of their being restored, Resolved, that this classis encourage and countenance them, by assisting and supplying them. Resolved further, that Dr. Livingston visit and preach to them as soon as convenient.''^

"In 181)2 Mr. Livingston reported that he had fulfilled his appointment, whereupon it was resolved that Mr. Jackson take charge of the congregation and give them all the service in his power."''

"October 19th, 1809, the church of Fordham having called the Rev. John Jackson he was approved by the classis, v/ho also resolved that the Rev. Dr. Gerardus A. Kuypers, as primarius, and the Rev. Cornelius C. Vermilyea, as secundus, be a committee to install the Rev. John Jackson. "^

List of Pastors. ^ . . \

Instal. or cull. Pastors. Vacated by

1779. Rev. Dom. Tetard, resignation.

1819. Rev. John Jackson, _ -• ditto.

184 . Rev. P. I. van Pelt, D. D. ditto.

1846. Rev. William Cahoone, present pastor.

Rec. of N. Y. Classis, vol. i. 225. b Ibid. vol. ii. 9.

Ibid. vol. V. 23.

COUNTS OF WESTCHESTER. 333

Church Memoranda.

1827. Communicants, 32. Baptisms, 15.

1845. ditto. 48. ditto -- .

Immediately contiguous to the church is the Crotou Aqueduct^ which, at no great distance, crosses tlie Haarlem river on a magnificent bridge of stone, 1450 feet long, with fifteen arclies, eight of which are eighty feet span, and seven of fifty feet span ; one hundred and fourteen feet above tide water at the top. The estimated cost of the whole, when finished, will exceed $900,000.

Communicants, 32. Baptisms, 15.

1845. ditto. 48. ditto -- .

Immediately contiguous to the church is the Crotou Aqueduct^ which, at no great distance, crosses tlie Haarlem river on a magnificent bridge of stone, 1450 feet long, with fifteen arclies, eight of which are eighty feet span, and seven of fifty feet span ; one hundred and fourteen feet above tide water at the top. The estimated cost of the whole, when finished, will exceed $900,000.

In the vicinity of Ihehigh bridge is situated Mount Fordham, the seat of Lewis G. Morris, Esq. This place commands a very extensive view of the Haarlem river and surrounding country, in which New York island forms a beautiful feature.

The residence of Mr. Samuel Archer, in this neighborhood, is distinguished in the history of the Revolution as the head quarters of Colonel James de Lancey of the Royal Refugee corps. The following incidents show that although situated directly under the guns of Fort No. 8, De Lancey's position was a very hazardous one, and required the utmost vigilance to guard against a surprise.

In May, 1780, Captain Cashing of the Massachusetts line, with a small detachment under his command, consisting of one hundred infantry, made an excursion to this place. The expedition appears to have been planned by his guide, Michael Dyckman, who had ascertained by close observation that the British sentinels were not in the habit of changing their countersign ; the next step was the capture of one of the refugees themselves, from whom he obtained the countersign. By this means, so sudden and complete was the surprisal of the enemy on the occasion, that over forty of them were either killed or made prisoners. It was the intention to have captured De Lancey, but he was absent from his quarters.

The expedition appears to have been planned by his guide, Michael Dyckman, who had ascertained by close observation that the British sentinels were not in the habit of changing their countersign ; the next step was the capture of one of the refugees themselves, from whom he obtained the countersign. By this means, so sudden and complete was the surprisal of the enemy on the occasion, that over forty of them were either killed or made prisoners. It was the intention to have captured De Lancey, but he was absent from his quarters. The cantonment had scarcely been turned, when a large party of Yauger horse collected and pursued Captain Cashing, but he effected his retreat with so much skill and gallantry, though charged repeatedly by the enemy, that no injury was sustained. The enemy were far advanced up the Saw Mill valley ere they relinquished the pursuit.

334 HISTORY OF THE

On tliis occasion Abraham Dyckman arrested Captain Ogden in Colonel Eimmerick's quarters, (the house now occupied by Nathaniel P. Bailey, Esq.,) at the moment when a British sentinel was pacing the bridge within musket shot.

"On the 19th of January. 17S1, (says General Heath,) 150 men from the Connecticut line and 200 from the New Hampshire line were to move towards the lines; these, with those who marched from Hazen's tlie day before, were to form a covering party to the detachment under Lieutenant Colonel Hull, who was to make an attempt on De Lancey's corps.""- The result of the enterprise, (which took place upon the 2Sth of January, 1781,) is thus related by Thacher. "A detachment, under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Hull, has returned from a successful expedition, having attacked by surprise the Royal Refugee corps under the command of the noted Colonel De Lancey, posted at Morrisania.

"On the 19th of January. 17S1, (says General Heath,) 150 men from the Connecticut line and 200 from the New Hampshire line were to move towards the lines; these, with those who marched from Hazen's tlie day before, were to form a covering party to the detachment under Lieutenant Colonel Hull, who was to make an attempt on De Lancey's corps.""- The result of the enterprise, (which took place upon the 2Sth of January, 1781,) is thus related by Thacher. "A detachment, under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Hull, has returned from a successful expedition, having attacked by surprise the Royal Refugee corps under the command of the noted Colonel De Lancey, posted at Morrisania. Colonel Hull has for several months past sustained the command of a detachment of our troops posted in advance of our army, a situation requiring the most active vigilance and precaution, to guard against surprise and stratagem. In this station, as in many others, this officer has evinced his military skill and judgment. He has executed an enterprize with such address and gallantry as to merit for himself and his detachment the highest honor. He bravely forced a narrow passage to the enemy, and besides a number being killed, he took upwards of fifty prisoners, cut away the bridge,^' burnt their huts and a considerable quantity of forage, and brought oti'a number of horses and cattle. Colonel Hull possesses in a high degree the confidence of the commander-in chief ; and for his judicious arrangements in the plan, and intrepidity and valor in the execution of the enterprize, he received the thanks of his Excellency, and afterwards of congress. The enemy pursued our troops, and fell in with a covering party, under command of Colonel Hazen, and in a skirmish which ensued, they sufiered an additional loss of about thirty-five.

He bravely forced a narrow passage to the enemy, and besides a number being killed, he took upwards of fifty prisoners, cut away the bridge,^' burnt their huts and a considerable quantity of forage, and brought oti'a number of horses and cattle. Colonel Hull possesses in a high degree the confidence of the commander-in chief ; and for his judicious arrangements in the plan, and intrepidity and valor in the execution of the enterprize, he received the thanks of his Excellency, and afterwards of congress. The enemy pursued our troops, and fell in with a covering party, under command of Colonel Hazen, and in a skirmish which ensued, they sufiered an additional loss of about thirty-five. Of Colonel Hull's detachment, one ensign, and twenty-five rank and file were killed and wounded. This suc-

Heath's Mem. 271. b The pontoon bridge across Haarlem river.

COUNTY OF \\ESTCHESTER. ^ 335

cessful exploit is calculated to raise the spirits of our troops, and to divest tiieir minds from the unhappy occurrence, which has recently taken place in camp, and at the same lime it may convince the enemy that the afiairs of our army are not altogether desperate.''^

"4th of March, 17S2, Captain Hunnewell with a body of volunteer horse, backed by the infantry under the command of Major Woodbrids^e made an excursion to Morrisania. Tlie hoise proceeded down between the British fort, No. 8, and the cantonment of De Lancey's corps, and having turned the cantonments between day-break and sun-rise, they entered pell meli. The enemy were completely surprised, and fied in every direction ; some were cut down on the spot, others so badly wounded as not to be able to be removed. Some of the enemy availed tlicmselves of positions where the horse could not assail them, from whence they b"gan to fire on the house.

Tlie hoise proceeded down between the British fort, No. 8, and the cantonment of De Lancey's corps, and having turned the cantonments between day-break and sun-rise, they entered pell meli. The enemy were completely surprised, and fied in every direction ; some were cut down on the spot, others so badly wounded as not to be able to be removed. Some of the enemy availed tlicmselves of positions where the horse could not assail them, from whence they b"gan to fire on the house. This occcasioned the firing of the alarm guns at No. 8. The horse having nearly accomplished their design moved off, taking the Eastchester road, in which Major Woodbridge had posted the infantry in ambuscade. Captain Hunnewell had brought oft' one subaltern and twenty men prisoners and 20 horses. The enemy in the vicinity collected a number of horse, backed by light infantry, and pursued Captain Hunnewell until he came to Major Woodbridge. The enemy were drawn into the ambuscade, who made one or two discharges on them, on which they broke and retired, but soon returned to the charge ; skirmishing ensued, and continued to a considerable distance. Of the Americans, two privates were killed, Mr. Abraham Dyckman,^ one of the guides, a brave and active man, mortally wounded, and three privates slightly wounded. '•'i

" On the 26th of March, (says General Heath,) Mr. Dyckn)an,d one of our guides on the lines, with thirteen volunteer horsemen

» Tliaclier's Journal, 24').

b Mr. Dyckman fell at furdy's corner near the intersection of the Eastthesrtcr and New York roads. « Heath's Mem. 330. ^ j\Iichael, brotlier of .\liraliain Dyckman.

Of the Americans, two privates were killed, Mr. Abraham Dyckman,^ one of the guides, a brave and active man, mortally wounded, and three privates slightly wounded. '•'i

" On the 26th of March, (says General Heath,) Mr. Dyckn)an,d one of our guides on the lines, with thirteen volunteer horsemen

» Tliaclier's Journal, 24').

b Mr. Dyckman fell at furdy's corner near the intersection of the Eastthesrtcr and New York roads. « Heath's Mem. 330. ^ j\Iichael, brotlier of .\liraliain Dyckman.

336 HISTORY OF THE

made an excursion to Monisania, took five prisoners of De Lancey's corps and five horses ; on their return they were pursued by a party of the enemy's horse, who coming rather too near, the brave volunteers faced about, charged vigorously, took one man prisoner vviih his liorse, and put the rest to flight. The enemy again appeared," on the Eastchester road near Jonathan Ward's house, "in some force, at a distance, but dared not renew the attack.''^

The following is General Heath's account of the burning of Colonel Hatfield's quarters, which stood directly opposite Archer's entrance, "About this time (January, 1780,) a detachment from Colonel Mead's regiment of levies at Horseneck, and a number of volunteers from Greenwich, the former under the command of Captain Keeler, the latter under the command of Captain Lockwood, the whole about eighty, marched to Morrisania; and about one o'clock in the morning made an attack on Colonel Hatfield. They first attacked the picket, killed three, and drove the rest into the colonel's quarters. The colonel and his men took to the chambers, and fired out at the windows, and down stairs, at those who had entered the house ; it appeared difficult, if possible, to dislodge them ; the house was instantly set on fire, by putting a straw bed into a closet, which compelled the enemy to jump out at the chamber windows, to avoid the flames.

They first attacked the picket, killed three, and drove the rest into the colonel's quarters. The colonel and his men took to the chambers, and fired out at the windows, and down stairs, at those who had entered the house ; it appeared difficult, if possible, to dislodge them ; the house was instantly set on fire, by putting a straw bed into a closet, which compelled the enemy to jump out at the chamber windows, to avoid the flames. Colonel Hatfield, one captain, one lieutenant, one quartermaster, and eleven privates were taken prisoners and brought cff". This was a pretty affair, but was a litte tarnished on the return by some of the militia, who v.'ere fatigued, loitering on the road, where they supposed there was no danger; but a party of horse pursuing, overtook, killed and captured several of ihem."'^

Many other occurrences of the same kind might be related to sliow that this vicinity was constantly harassed by sn:all parties of American volunteers, who made every ctfort to dislodge their wary antagonists.

Upon a lofty eminence to the north-west of the Archer house, stand the remains of Fort No. 8. '' The enemy (observes Heath)

Ilpatli's Mem. 320. i Ibid. 228.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 33T

had a redoubt called No. 8 on the east side of Haarlem creek, nearly opposite to the fort on Laurel hill, and under the fire of its cannon, for the security of their advanced troops on the Morrisania side."^ When the British made the bold and successful attack upon Fort Washington in 1776, the guns of No. 8, which lay directly opposite, covered the advance of the Hessians and Lord Percy. " On the 20th of October, 1782, the enemy were demolishing their works at No. 8, Morrisania."''

had a redoubt called No. 8 on the east side of Haarlem creek, nearly opposite to the fort on Laurel hill, and under the fire of its cannon, for the security of their advanced troops on the Morrisania side."^ When the British made the bold and successful attack upon Fort Washington in 1776, the guns of No. 8, which lay directly opposite, covered the advance of the Hessians and Lord Percy. " On the 20th of October, 1782, the enemy were demolishing their works at No. 8, Morrisania."''

Fo7't hidependence, the ruins of which are still visible on Tetard^s hill, was not dismantled until 1833. Prince Charleses redoubt, and the Negro fort, both well known fortifications, in the annals of the Revolution, lie on the south side of Valentine's hill. From the former, which commands a splendid view of the surrounding country, the morning and evening gun of the British was fired.

Williams' Bridge, in the north-east corner of West Farms, is situated on the line of the Haarlem and Westchester railroad, where is a depot, thirteen and a half miles north of the City Hall ; here are two taverns and a store.

The Haarlem river (Muscoota,) which forms the western boundary of the town, is one of the sweetest streams that ever gave a charm to landscape. On the Westchester shore high woods cover the sides of undulating hills, while here and there rich meadows form a gradual and beautiful descent to the water's edge. The opposite banks are abruptly terminated with rocky declivities, and present by their greater boldness a fine contrast. These waters afford an agreeable haunt to the king fisher, " the most celebrated and besung of all other birds says Aldrovand," likewise to the heron and fish hawk.

On the Westchester shore high woods cover the sides of undulating hills, while here and there rich meadows form a gradual and beautiful descent to the water's edge. The opposite banks are abruptly terminated with rocky declivities, and present by their greater boldness a fine contrast. These waters afford an agreeable haunt to the king fisher, " the most celebrated and besung of all other birds says Aldrovand," likewise to the heron and fish hawk.

a Heath's Mem, 223. b Heath's Mem. 337.

Vol. n. 43

WHITE PLAINS.

The half-shire town of the eounty Js situated lvveuty-ei2:ht miles from New York, one hundred and thiity-one south of Albany, six miles ea«t of the Hudson, and fourteen south of Bedford^ tlie other half-shire town ; bound- G'^<=^ ^^^'^^'' ^*>"e P'^^'n^-

ed northerly by North Castle, eastwardly by Harrison, southerly by Scarsdale, and west by Greeuburgh. The river Bronx runs south along the west line, and the Mamaroneck river along the east, forming the boundary towards Harrison township. The whole area of this town may be eight and a half square miles. a-

White Plains originally formed a portion of the town of Rye, and derived its name from the White Balsam, (Gnaphalium^ Polycephalum of Linnaeus,) which still grows in great abundance in and around the plains.

It was called Qnaroppas by the Indians, under whom these lands must have formed a portion of the ancient domains of Weckquaskeck, as we find Shapham, or Thapham, one of the sachems of that place, conjointly selling lands here to the inhabitants of the town of Rye in 16S3.

White Plains originally formed a portion of the town of Rye, and derived its name from the White Balsam, (Gnaphalium^ Polycephalum of Linnaeus,) which still grows in great abundance in and around the plains.

It was called Qnaroppas by the Indians, under whom these lands must have formed a portion of the ancient domains of Weckquaskeck, as we find Shapham, or Thapham, one of the sachems of that place, conjointly selling lands here to the inhabitants of the town of Rye in 16S3.

"It is so long since the Indians quitted these grounds, that their monuments are almost effaced. Once in a while a point of an arrow, or a stone axe is found, which bears the mark of Ina Spafford's Gazetter of N. Y.

b From the Greek Gnaphalon, a word signifying soft down or wool.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 339

dian labor and dexterity; and there is still to be distinguished the spot on which they had their wigwams, and the cemetrya where they buried their dead." The former is situated on the lands of Mr. Gilbert Oakley, the latter on the property of Mr, Elisha Crawford. In the vicinity of the village is a small excavation cut out of a granite rock, denominated the Indians^ seat. Upon the 22d day of November, 1GS3, the inhabitants of Rye obtained the following grant from the aboriginal proprietors.

"To all Christian people to whom these presents shall come, greeting: Knoiv ye, that we, Thapham, Cockinseko, Orawapum, Kewetoham, Koawanohpaatch, Shipharrash, Korehwewous, Panawok, Memishote, Pewekanoh, Oromahqah, Pathunck, Hohoreis, Debenga Wonauahing, Owhorawas, and Onoshand, have for a valuable sum of money to us in hand, bargained, covenanted, alienated and sold unto the inhabitants of the above said town of Rye, a certain tract of land lying within the town bounds of Rj/e, bounded as followeth, on the north-east with Marrineck river, and on the south-east wiih a branch of the said river and marked trees till it comes to Broncks's river, and then to run by Broncks's river till it comes to the head of the White Plaines, so called, and by marked trees from thence till it comes to the uppermost branch of Marrineck river, which tract of land is commonly called by the English the White Plaines, and called by the Indians Quaroppas, which sai(i tract of land wee, the abovesaid Thapham, Cockinseko, Orawapum, Kewetoham, Koawanoh, Moahatice, and the rest of the abovesaid Indians have sold as abovesaid unto the inhabitants of the said town of Rye, them, their heirs, executors, administrators, or assignees, for ever, and do hereby bind ourselves, our heirs, executors, administrators, and assignees, unto the inhabitants of the abovesaid town of Rye, them^ their heirs, executors, administrators, or assignees, that they may at all times from and after the date hereof appear, peaceably and quietly possess, occupy, and enjoy the abovesaid tract of land free from all former bargains, sales, mortgages, or other incumbrances whatsoever, and also to warrant and make good the abovesaid sale against any person or persons whatsoever that shall or will make or lay any claim or claimes thereunto, and in testimony thereof we have caused this bill of sale to be made, and hereunto have sett our hands and seals this two and twentieth of November, one thousand six hundred and eighty-three.

"To all Christian people to whom these presents shall come, greeting: Knoiv ye, that we, Thapham, Cockinseko, Orawapum, Kewetoham, Koawanohpaatch, Shipharrash, Korehwewous, Panawok, Memishote, Pewekanoh, Oromahqah, Pathunck, Hohoreis, Debenga Wonauahing, Owhorawas, and Onoshand, have for a valuable sum of money to us in hand, bargained, covenanted, alienated and sold unto the inhabitants of the above said town of Rye, a certain tract of land lying within the town bounds of Rj/e, bounded as followeth, on the north-east with Marrineck river, and on the south-east wiih a branch of the said river and marked trees till it comes to Broncks's river, and then to run by Broncks's river till it comes to the head of the White Plaines, so called, and by marked trees from thence till it comes to the uppermost branch of Marrineck river, which tract of land is commonly called by the English the White Plaines, and called by the Indians Quaroppas, which sai(i tract of land wee, the abovesaid Thapham, Cockinseko, Orawapum, Kewetoham, Koawanoh, Moahatice, and the rest of the abovesaid Indians have sold as abovesaid unto the inhabitants of the said town of Rye, them, their heirs, executors, administrators, or assignees, for ever, and do hereby bind ourselves, our heirs, executors, administrators, and assignees, unto the inhabitants of the abovesaid town of Rye, them^ their heirs, executors, administrators, or assignees, that they may at all times from and after the date hereof appear, peaceably and quietly possess, occupy, and enjoy the abovesaid tract of land free from all former bargains, sales, mortgages, or other incumbrances whatsoever, and also to warrant and make good the abovesaid sale against any person or persons whatsoever that shall or will make or lay any claim or claimes thereunto, and in testimony thereof we have caused this bill of sale to be made, and hereunto have sett our hands and seals this two and twentieth of November, one thousand six hundred and eighty-three.

Sealed, signed, and delivered in the presence of us.

a On the 30th of April, 1802, Elisha Brewster and wife sold to Isaac Valentine " all that land bounded as follows : at a mulberry stump by the road that leads to New York, thence running southerly by and with said road to a black stump, from thence by and with said road to the Indian graves," &,c.

34d HISTORY OF THE

Cornelius ^ Shapham C

his X raarke. • Cockinseka Z

Joshua Knap, Orawapum q;

. The M marke of ■ Kewetoham E

Motepeattehow. . " . Koawanoh <

John Odell Moahpoatch T

• ; , • his 0 marke. Pathunck O

■ - Hohorises P

Totonge J Oherovvass X Oramuptah «-< This bill of sale is acknowledged by - ■

the said grantors to be their act and - -. .

deed, before me in Rye, the day and . "'

year above written. '

Joseph Horton, Commissioner.'-

" 12lh of April, 1694, Hachaliah Brown and Thomas Merritt were appointed to go with tfie Indians and renew the marks of the White Plains purchase, agreeing with the Indians as reasonably as they can."'' "The same year Thomas Merritt and Joseph Galpin were chosen to lay out the land at the White Plains granted to Jonathan Horton by the town.''^ The next notice of this town occurs on the 9th of February, 1719, when, at a public meeting held by the proprietors of the White Plains, it was voted and agreed by the said proprietors that Captain Joseph Budd, John Hoyt, sen., .lohn Horton, Caleb Hiatt, Samuel Purdy and George Lane, jr., layers out of the said purchase chosen by the said proprietors, for laying out all the above said land, as may appear by record bearing date February lllh, 17|f, that the said layers out shall have for their trouble and industry for laying out the whole purchase and returning the bounds at or between the thirteenth day of April, which will be in the year one thousand seven hundred and twenty, one hundred and ten acres of land lying between the lower end, the ridges and Mamaroneck river.

" 12lh of April, 1694, Hachaliah Brown and Thomas Merritt were appointed to go with tfie Indians and renew the marks of the White Plains purchase, agreeing with the Indians as reasonably as they can."'' "The same year Thomas Merritt and Joseph Galpin were chosen to lay out the land at the White Plains granted to Jonathan Horton by the town.''^ The next notice of this town occurs on the 9th of February, 1719, when, at a public meeting held by the proprietors of the White Plains, it was voted and agreed by the said proprietors that Captain Joseph Budd, John Hoyt, sen., .lohn Horton, Caleb Hiatt, Samuel Purdy and George Lane, jr., layers out of the said purchase chosen by the said proprietors, for laying out all the above said land, as may appear by record bearing date February lllh, 17|f, that the said layers out shall have for their trouble and industry for laying out the whole purchase and returning the bounds at or between the thirteenth day of April, which will be in the year one thousand seven hundred and twenty, one hundred and ten acres of land lying between the lower end, the ridges and Mamaroneck river. At the above said meeting lis voted and agreed that David Ogden and Hachaliah Brown are to survey and lay out

» Rye Rec. lib. A. >> Rye Rec,

-= Ibid,

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

mt

the above said one hundred acres and ten of land as above mentioned."a

The following is a list of the proprietors, and the number of acres held by theni under the survey. "^

At the above said meeting lis voted and agreed that David Ogden and Hachaliah Brown are to survey and lay out

» Rye Rec. lib. A. >> Rye Rec,

-= Ibid,

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

mt

the above said one hundred acres and ten of land as above mentioned."a

The following is a list of the proprietors, and the number of acres held by theni under the survey. "^

Joseph Horton, 18 Isaac Denham, 1 Francis Purely, 2 Deliverance Brown, .?0 George Lane, 23 Thomas Brown, 3 John Frost, 20 Peter Brown, 32 Peter Disbrow, 22 John Merritt, 39 Caleb Hiatt, 11 Samuel Hoyt, 42 Timothy Knap, 16 Jacob Pease, 37 George Kniffen, 12 Joseph Purdy, 25 Benjamin Horton, 29 Isaac Odell, 31 Joseph Galpin, 10 John Hoyt, 36

Joseph Budd, 20 Philip Galpin, 9 Richard Lounsberry, 33 John Galpin, 5 John Horton, 15 . ' Joseph Horton, 17

Henry Disbrow, 8 Garrett Travis, 13 John Stockham, 7 Jonathan Fowler, 19 Richard Walter, 35 Andrew Cox, 43 Thomas Jeffrey, 21 Isaac Sherwood, 38 Joseph Sherwood, 34 Francis Brown, 40 William Odell, 6 Jonas Sherwood, 28 Thomas Lyon, 14 John Brondig, 4 ichaliah Brown, 27

"In L721, William Burnet, governor of New York, set out in order for patent, to Samuel Hunt, "a certain tract or parcel of land lying and being in the county of Westchester, being part of a large tract commonly known by the name of the White Plains, beginning at three large white oak trees standing near together on the west side of Mamaroneck river, and runs thence south thirty-nine degrees west, thirty-one chains, &c., &.C., containing two hundred and sixty acres after five acres deducted for every hundred acres for highways.''^

"In L721, William Burnet, governor of New York, set out in order for patent, to Samuel Hunt, "a certain tract or parcel of land lying and being in the county of Westchester, being part of a large tract commonly known by the name of the White Plains, beginning at three large white oak trees standing near together on the west side of Mamaroneck river, and runs thence south thirty-nine degrees west, thirty-one chains, &c., &.C., containing two hundred and sixty acres after five acres deducted for every hundred acres for highways.''^

Upon the I3ih of March, 1721, his Excellency, William Burnet granted letters patent to Daniel Brundage for that tract of land in White Plains, beginning at a small white ash stake standing

Rye Rec. lib. A.

Alb. Book of Pat. No. viii. 442.

Sometimes called tlie second draught.

340. HISTORY OF THE

on the east side of the Long Meadow brook, and runs thence south fifty-three degrees, west forty-three chains, to a heap of stones near the street, containing one hundred and ninety-five acres, the patentee yielding therefor on tlie festival of the Annunciation, the annual rent of twenty shillings and sixpence for every hundred acres. a-

King George the Second the same year issued the following royal letters patent to Joseph Budd, John Hoit, and others.

CHx\RTER OF WHITE PLAINS.

George, by ike grace of God of Great Britain, France, and Ireland, King, Defender of the Faith, &c., To all to whom this present shall come, greeting : Whereas our loving subjects Joseph Budd, John Hoit, Caleb Hoit, Humphrey Underhill, Joseph Purdy, George Lane, Daniel Lane, Moses Knap, John Horton, David Horton, Jonathan Lynch, Peter Hatfield, James Travis, Isaac Covert, Benjamin Brown, John Turner, David Ogden, and William Yeomans, by their humble petition presented to our trusty and well beloved William Burnet, Esq., captain-general and governor-in-chief of our province of New York, in council, the twenty- first day of December last, did humbly pray that his said Excellency would be favourably pleased to grant to them, their heirs, and assignees, his true letters patent for their claims and purchase, lying •within this province, in the county of Westchester, known by the name of the White Plains, in such manner and under such quit rent, provisions, and restrictions as is and are directed in our royal commission and instructions to oar said governor where petition was then and there received and considered of by our council of our said province, untill the first day of this inst., they did humbly advise our said governor, and consent that the prayer of the said petition be granted.

George, by ike grace of God of Great Britain, France, and Ireland, King, Defender of the Faith, &c., To all to whom this present shall come, greeting : Whereas our loving subjects Joseph Budd, John Hoit, Caleb Hoit, Humphrey Underhill, Joseph Purdy, George Lane, Daniel Lane, Moses Knap, John Horton, David Horton, Jonathan Lynch, Peter Hatfield, James Travis, Isaac Covert, Benjamin Brown, John Turner, David Ogden, and William Yeomans, by their humble petition presented to our trusty and well beloved William Burnet, Esq., captain-general and governor-in-chief of our province of New York, in council, the twenty- first day of December last, did humbly pray that his said Excellency would be favourably pleased to grant to them, their heirs, and assignees, his true letters patent for their claims and purchase, lying •within this province, in the county of Westchester, known by the name of the White Plains, in such manner and under such quit rent, provisions, and restrictions as is and are directed in our royal commission and instructions to oar said governor where petition was then and there received and considered of by our council of our said province, untill the first day of this inst., they did humbly advise our said governor, and consent that the prayer of the said petition be granted. In order to the granting whereof in pursuance of and in obedience to our royal instructions to his said Excellency, given at St. James the third day of June, one thousand seven hundred and twenty, in the sixth year of our reign, our said governor, together with George Clarke, JJsq., secretary, and Cadwallader Colden, Esq., surveyor general of our said province, three of the commissioners appointed by our said instructions for setting out all lands to be granted within our said province of New York, did set out for the said Joseph Budd, John Hoit, Caleb Hoit, Humphrey Underhill, Joseph Purdy, George Lane, Daniel Lane, Moses Knap, John Horton, David Horton, Jonathan Lynch, Peter Hatfield, James Travis, Isaac Covert, Benjamin Brown, John Turner, David Ogden, and William Yeomans, that tract or parcel of land situate, lying and being in the county of Westchester, and is com-

James the third day of June, one thousand seven hundred and twenty, in the sixth year of our reign, our said governor, together with George Clarke, JJsq., secretary, and Cadwallader Colden, Esq., surveyor general of our said province, three of the commissioners appointed by our said instructions for setting out all lands to be granted within our said province of New York, did set out for the said Joseph Budd, John Hoit, Caleb Hoit, Humphrey Underhill, Joseph Purdy, George Lane, Daniel Lane, Moses Knap, John Horton, David Horton, Jonathan Lynch, Peter Hatfield, James Travis, Isaac Covert, Benjamin Brown, John Turner, David Ogden, and William Yeomans, that tract or parcel of land situate, lying and being in the county of Westchester, and is com-

» Alb Book of Pat. No. viii. 44^.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 343

inonly known by the name of the White Plains. Beginning at a large white oak tree marked with several letters, where two brooks fall into the wes* branch of Mamaroneck river, and runs thence by markt trees to Brunxes river near the place where a small brook falls into the said river by a bunch of elders, some of which are marked, thence up the stream of Brunxes river to an ash tree about seventeen chains above Anthony Miller's fulling mill, thence by marked trees to a white oak tree marked, near Long Meadow brook, thea down the stream of the said brook to the lands laid out for Daniel Brundage then along his land to the said Long Meadow brook, then down the stream of the said brook to the place where it falls into Mamaroneck river, and down the stream of the said river to the land granted to Christopher Bridge, then along his line and to the lines of the land laid out for Samuel Hunt to Mamaroneck river, then down the stream of the said river to the place where the west branch falls into the Said river, and then up the stream of the said west branch to the place where it begins, containing four thousand five hundred and ihirty-five acres, with allowance for highways, and in the seting out of the said tract of land had regard to the profitable and unprofitable acres, and had taken care that the length of the said tract do not extend along the banks of any river, conformable to our said royal instructions, as by a certificate under their hands bearing date the tenth day of March last, entered of record in our secretary's office more fully and at large appears, which tract of land set out as aforesaid, according to our said royal instructions, and being willing to grant to the said Joseph Budd, John Hoit, Caleb Hoit, Humphrey Underbill, Joseph Purdy, George Lane, Daniel Lane, Moses Knap, John Horton, David Horton, Jonathan Jjynch, Peter Hatfield, James Travis, Isaac Covert, Benjamin Brown, John Turner, David Ogden, and William Yeomans, their heirs and assignees, according to the prayer of their petition.

Beginning at a large white oak tree marked with several letters, where two brooks fall into the wes* branch of Mamaroneck river, and runs thence by markt trees to Brunxes river near the place where a small brook falls into the said river by a bunch of elders, some of which are marked, thence up the stream of Brunxes river to an ash tree about seventeen chains above Anthony Miller's fulling mill, thence by marked trees to a white oak tree marked, near Long Meadow brook, thea down the stream of the said brook to the lands laid out for Daniel Brundage then along his land to the said Long Meadow brook, then down the stream of the said brook to the place where it falls into Mamaroneck river, and down the stream of the said river to the land granted to Christopher Bridge, then along his line and to the lines of the land laid out for Samuel Hunt to Mamaroneck river, then down the stream of the said river to the place where the west branch falls into the Said river, and then up the stream of the said west branch to the place where it begins, containing four thousand five hundred and ihirty-five acres, with allowance for highways, and in the seting out of the said tract of land had regard to the profitable and unprofitable acres, and had taken care that the length of the said tract do not extend along the banks of any river, conformable to our said royal instructions, as by a certificate under their hands bearing date the tenth day of March last, entered of record in our secretary's office more fully and at large appears, which tract of land set out as aforesaid, according to our said royal instructions, and being willing to grant to the said Joseph Budd, John Hoit, Caleb Hoit, Humphrey Underbill, Joseph Purdy, George Lane, Daniel Lane, Moses Knap, John Horton, David Horton, Jonathan Jjynch, Peter Hatfield, James Travis, Isaac Covert, Benjamin Brown, John Turner, David Ogden, and William Yeomans, their heirs and assignees, according to the prayer of their petition.

Know ye, that of our especial grace, certain knowledge and mere motion, we have given, granted, ratified and confirmed, and do by these presents, for us, our heirs and successors, give, grant, ratify and confirm, unto the said Joseph Budd, John Hoit, Caleb Hoit, Humphrey Underhill, Joseph Purdy, George Lane, Daniel Lane, Moses Knap, John Horton, David Horton, Jonathan Ijynch, Peter Hatfield, James Travis, Isaac Covert, Benjamin Brown, John Turner, David Ogden and William Yeomans, their heirs and assignees, all that, the said certain tract or parcel of land, situate, lying and being in the county of Westchester, which is commonly known by the name of the White Plains, beginning at a large Vvhite oak tree marked with several letters, where two brooks fall into the west branch of Mamaroneck river, and runs thence by marked trees to Bronx's river, near the place where a small brook falls into the said river by a bunch of elders, some of which are marked, thence up the stream of Brunx's river to an ash tree, about 17 chains above Anthony Miller's fulling mill, thence by marked trees to a white oak tree marked, near Long Meadow brook, then down the stream of the said brook to the lands laid out for Daniel Brondage, then along his land to the said Long Meadow brook,

344 HISTORY OF THE

then down the stream of the said brook to the place where it falls into the Mamaroneck river, and down the stream of the said river to the land granted to Christopher Bridge, then along his line to the lines of the land laid out for Samuel Hunt, to Mamaroneck river, then down the stream, up the said river to the place where the west branch falls into the said river, and then up the stream of the said west branch to the place where it begun, containing four thousand four hundred and thirty-five acres, with allowance for highways, together •with all and singular woods, underwoods, trees, timber, feeding, pastures, meadows, marshes, swamps, ponds, pools, waters, water courses, rivers, rivulets, runs and streams of water, fishing, fowling, hunting and hawking, mines, minerals, standing, being, growing, lying, or to be had, used and enjoyed within the limits and bounds aforesaid, and all other profTits, benefits, liberties, privileges, hereditaments and appurtenances to the same belonging, or in any wise appertaining, and all that our estate, right, title, interest, benefit, claim and demand whatsoever, of, in, or to the same, and the reversion and reversions, remainder and remainders and the yearly rents and profits of the same, excepting, and always reserving out of this our present grant, unto us, our heirs and successors forever, all trees of the diameter of twenty-four inches and upwards at twelve inches from the ground, for masts for our royal navy, and also all such other trees as may be fit to make planks, knees and other things necessary for the use of our said navy, which now are standing, growing or being, or which forever hereafter shall be standing, growing or being in and upon any of the said land, with free liberty and lycense for any person or persons whatsoever, by us, our heirs and successors, or any of them, to be thereunto appointed under our or their sign manuel, with workmen, horses, waggons, carts and carriages, and without, to enter and come into and upon the said said lands and any part thereof, and there to fell, cut down, root up, hew, saw and rive, have, take, cart and carry away the same for the uses aforesaid, (excepting also and reserving all the silver and gold mines) to have and to hold all and singular the same certain tracts of land . and premises, with its hereditaments and appurtenances (excepting as before is excepted and reserved) unto the said Joseph Budd, John Hoit, Caleb Hoit, Humphrey Underbill, Joseph Purdy, George Lane, Daniel Lane, Moses Knap, John Horton, David Horton, Jonathan Lynch, Peter Hatfield, James Travis, Isaac Covert, Benjamin Brown, John Turner, David Ogden and William Yeomans, their heirs and assignees forever, to be holden of us, our heirs and successors, in free and common soccage, as of our manor of East Greenwich, in the county of Kent, within our kingdom of Great Britain, yeilding, rendering and paying therefor yearly, and every year, forever, unto us, our heirs and successors, at our custom house in the city of New York, unto our or their collector or receiver general, for the time being, on the feast day of the Annunciation of the blessed Virgin Mary, commonly called lady day, the annual rent of two shillings and six pence for every hundred acres thereof

then down the stream of the said brook to the place where it falls into the Mamaroneck river, and down the stream of the said river to the land granted to Christopher Bridge, then along his line to the lines of the land laid out for Samuel Hunt, to Mamaroneck river, then down the stream, up the said river to the place where the west branch falls into the said river, and then up the stream of the said west branch to the place where it begun, containing four thousand four hundred and thirty-five acres, with allowance for highways, together •with all and singular woods, underwoods, trees, timber, feeding, pastures, meadows, marshes, swamps, ponds, pools, waters, water courses, rivers, rivulets, runs and streams of water, fishing, fowling, hunting and hawking, mines, minerals, standing, being, growing, lying, or to be had, used and enjoyed within the limits and bounds aforesaid, and all other profTits, benefits, liberties, privileges, hereditaments and appurtenances to the same belonging, or in any wise appertaining, and all that our estate, right, title, interest, benefit, claim and demand whatsoever, of, in, or to the same, and the reversion and reversions, remainder and remainders and the yearly rents and profits of the same, excepting, and always reserving out of this our present grant, unto us, our heirs and successors forever, all trees of the diameter of twenty-four inches and upwards at twelve inches from the ground, for masts for our royal navy, and also all such other trees as may be fit to make planks, knees and other things necessary for the use of our said navy, which now are standing, growing or being, or which forever hereafter shall be standing, growing or being in and upon any of the said land, with free liberty and lycense for any person or persons whatsoever, by us, our heirs and successors, or any of them, to be thereunto appointed under our or their sign manuel, with workmen, horses, waggons, carts and carriages, and without, to enter and come into and upon the said said lands and any part thereof, and there to fell, cut down, root up, hew, saw and rive, have, take, cart and carry away the same for the uses aforesaid, (excepting also and reserving all the silver and gold mines) to have and to hold all and singular the same certain tracts of land . and premises, with its hereditaments and appurtenances (excepting as before is excepted and reserved) unto the said Joseph Budd, John Hoit, Caleb Hoit, Humphrey Underbill, Joseph Purdy, George Lane, Daniel Lane, Moses Knap, John Horton, David Horton, Jonathan Lynch, Peter Hatfield, James Travis, Isaac Covert, Benjamin Brown, John Turner, David Ogden and William Yeomans, their heirs and assignees forever, to be holden of us, our heirs and successors, in free and common soccage, as of our manor of East Greenwich, in the county of Kent, within our kingdom of Great Britain, yeilding, rendering and paying therefor yearly, and every year, forever, unto us, our heirs and successors, at our custom house in the city of New York, unto our or their collector or receiver general, for the time being, on the feast day of the Annunciation of the blessed Virgin Mary, commonly called lady day, the annual rent of two shillings and six pence for every hundred acres thereof

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 3/15

in lieu and stead of all other rents, services, dues, dutyes and demands whatsoever, for the same four thousand four hundred and thirty-five acres of land so granted as aforesaid, provided, always, and these presents are upon this condition, that the said Joseph Budd, John Hoit, Caleb Hoit, Humphrey Underhill, Joseph Purdy, George Lane, Daniel Lane, Moses Knap, John Horton, David Horton, Jonathan L)nch, Peter Hatfield, James Travis, Isaac Covert, Benjamin Brown, John Turner, David Ogden and William Yeomans, their heirs and assignees, some or one of them shall and doe within the term and space of three years now next ensuing the date hereof, plant, settle, and effectually cultivate, at least three acres of land for every fifty acres of the land granted as aforesaid on default thereof, and if the said Joseph Budd, John Hoit, Caleb Hoit, Humphrey Underhill, Joseph Purdy, George Lane, Daniel Lane, Moses Knap, John Horton, David Horton, Jonathan Lynch, Peter Hatfield, James Travis, Isaac Covert, Benjamin Brown, John Turner, David Ogden and William Yeomans, their heirs and assignees, or any other person or persons, by their privity consent or procurement, shall set on fire or burn the woods on the said lands or any part thereof, to clear the same so as to destroy, impair or hinder the growth of any of the trees that are or may be fit for masts, planks, knees or other timber for our royal navy, hereby reserved unto us, our heirs and successors, that then and in either of these cases, this our grant, and every article and clause therein or thereof, shall cease, determine and be void, everything therein contained to the contrary thereof, in any wise notwithstanding, and we do further of our especial grace, certain knowledge and mere motion, consent and agree, that these presents being entered upon record, as is heretofore appointed, shall be good, effectual in law to all intents and purposes, against us, our heirs and successors, notwithstanding the not well reciting or our writing of the premises or any part thereof.

in lieu and stead of all other rents, services, dues, dutyes and demands whatsoever, for the same four thousand four hundred and thirty-five acres of land so granted as aforesaid, provided, always, and these presents are upon this condition, that the said Joseph Budd, John Hoit, Caleb Hoit, Humphrey Underhill, Joseph Purdy, George Lane, Daniel Lane, Moses Knap, John Horton, David Horton, Jonathan L)nch, Peter Hatfield, James Travis, Isaac Covert, Benjamin Brown, John Turner, David Ogden and William Yeomans, their heirs and assignees, some or one of them shall and doe within the term and space of three years now next ensuing the date hereof, plant, settle, and effectually cultivate, at least three acres of land for every fifty acres of the land granted as aforesaid on default thereof, and if the said Joseph Budd, John Hoit, Caleb Hoit, Humphrey Underhill, Joseph Purdy, George Lane, Daniel Lane, Moses Knap, John Horton, David Horton, Jonathan Lynch, Peter Hatfield, James Travis, Isaac Covert, Benjamin Brown, John Turner, David Ogden and William Yeomans, their heirs and assignees, or any other person or persons, by their privity consent or procurement, shall set on fire or burn the woods on the said lands or any part thereof, to clear the same so as to destroy, impair or hinder the growth of any of the trees that are or may be fit for masts, planks, knees or other timber for our royal navy, hereby reserved unto us, our heirs and successors, that then and in either of these cases, this our grant, and every article and clause therein or thereof, shall cease, determine and be void, everything therein contained to the contrary thereof, in any wise notwithstanding, and we do further of our especial grace, certain knowledge and mere motion, consent and agree, that these presents being entered upon record, as is heretofore appointed, shall be good, effectual in law to all intents and purposes, against us, our heirs and successors, notwithstanding the not well reciting or our writing of the premises or any part thereof.

In testimony whereof, we have caused these our letters to be made patent, and the great seal of our said province to be hereunto affixed to the same, to be entered of record in our secretary's office, in one of the books of patents there remaining. Witness our trusty and well beloved William Burnet, Esq., captain general and governor-in-chief of our province of New York, of our province of New Jersey, and of all the territories and tracts of land thereon depending, in America, and vice-admiral of the same at Fort George, in New York, the thirteenth day of March, in the eighth year of our reign, Anno Domini, seventeen hundred and twenty-one.

W. Robin, D. Secr'y.

The descendants of the ancient proprietors and patentees, (resident in White Plains) are still very nnmeroiis, viz. : the Hortons, Purdys, Browns, Merritts, Odells, Shervvoods, &c. &-c.

The village of White Plains is pleasantly sitnated on a fine

Vol. II. 44

IJISTORY OF THE

plain, lliree quarters of a mile east of tlie river Bronx, and contains about 700 inhabitants, 150 dwelling houses, a court house, jail, county clerk's and surrogate's offices, an Episcopal, a Presbyterian, and two Methodist churches, a bank, two boys' seminaries which are in a flourishing condition, and a female boarding school, four taverns, four stores, and a woollen factory, &c. Tfie surface of the surrounding country is broken by a range of hills from the south, which diversify with a pleasing variety, both the soil and position of land thus distributed into portions for meadow, pasture and tillage.^ The whole town is also richly wooded and watered by the Bronx, Sheldrake and Mamaroneck rivers. These streams form romantic valleys, and supply numerous mill seats. Since the first settlement of this place, which commenced soon after its purchase from the Indians, in 1683, it has continued steadily to progress, and is now hardly to be excelled by any other inland village in the county.

Tfie surface of the surrounding country is broken by a range of hills from the south, which diversify with a pleasing variety, both the soil and position of land thus distributed into portions for meadow, pasture and tillage.^ The whole town is also richly wooded and watered by the Bronx, Sheldrake and Mamaroneck rivers. These streams form romantic valleys, and supply numerous mill seats. Since the first settlement of this place, which commenced soon after its purchase from the Indians, in 1683, it has continued steadily to progress, and is now hardly to be excelled by any other inland village in the county. White Plains being a half shire town with Bedford, (which is sixteen miles north) the courts are held alternately at both places. The court house stands near the centre of the village, and occupies the site of the old building erected in J759, upon the removal of the courts from Westchester. The first Court of Common Pleas assembled licre, the 27lh of May, 1760,

Court House, U hite Pldin-

Spafford's Gazettrer of N. Y.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. '• 347

There are events connected with this spot, which will long live in the paj^es of American history. It was here that the Whigs of Westchester county appointed to meet the committees of the several towns to elect deputies to the continental congress, who were to assemble at Philadelphia, on the first day of September. 1774. The proceedings of the various meetings held here would afford matter for a good sized volume, we shall therefore present our readers '• with a small part only of the important productions of those eventful times." The following resolutions were adopted by the freeholders and inhabitants of Rye and Westchester.

It was here that the Whigs of Westchester county appointed to meet the committees of the several towns to elect deputies to the continental congress, who were to assemble at Philadelphia, on the first day of September. 1774. The proceedings of the various meetings held here would afford matter for a good sized volume, we shall therefore present our readers '• with a small part only of the important productions of those eventful times." The following resolutions were adopted by the freeholders and inhabitants of Rye and Westchester.

"On the lOih day of August, 1774. the freeholders and inhabitants of the township of Rye^ made choice of John Tiiomas jr. Esquire, Robert Bloomer, Zeno Carpenter and Ebenezer Haviland, for a committee to consult and determine with (he committees of the other toAUis and districts in the county of Westchester, upon the expediency of sending one or more delegates to congress to be held in Philadelphia, on the first day of September, next. The committee, after making choice of Ebenezer Haviland as chairman, expressed their sentiments and resolutions in the following manner, which were unanimously ap})roved :

''This meeting being greatly alarmed at the late proceedings of the British Parliament, in order to raise a revenue in America, and considering their late most cruel, unjust and unwarrantable act for blocking up the port of Boston, having a direct tejidency to deprive a free people of their most valuable rights and privileges, an introduction to subjugate the inhabitants of the PJnglish colonies, and render them vassals to the British House of Commons, resolved, 1st, that they think it their greatest happiness to live under the illustrious house of Hanover, and that they will stedfastly and uniformly bear true and faithful allegiance to his majesty King George the Third, under the enjoyment of those constitutional rights and privileges, as fellow subjects, with those in England.

''This meeting being greatly alarmed at the late proceedings of the British Parliament, in order to raise a revenue in America, and considering their late most cruel, unjust and unwarrantable act for blocking up the port of Boston, having a direct tejidency to deprive a free people of their most valuable rights and privileges, an introduction to subjugate the inhabitants of the PJnglish colonies, and render them vassals to the British House of Commons, resolved, 1st, that they think it their greatest happiness to live under the illustrious house of Hanover, and that they will stedfastly and uniformly bear true and faithful allegiance to his majesty King George the Third, under the enjoyment of those constitutional rights and privileges, as fellow subjects, with those in England. Sndly ; but we conceive it a fundamental part of the British constitution, that no man shall be taxed, but by his own consent, or that of his Representatives in Parliament.

And as we are by no means represented, we consider all acts of Parliament imposing taxes on the Colonies an undue exertion of power, and subversive of one of the most valuable privileges of the English constitution.

3d. That it is the opinion of this meeting, that the act of Parliament for shutting up the port of Boston, and divesting some of the inhabitants of pri-

348 HISTORY OF THE

Tate property, is a most unparalled, rigorous and unjust piece of cruelty and despotism.

4th. That unanimity and firmness of measures in the Colonies, are the most effectual means to secure the invaded rights and privileges of America, and to avoid the impending ruin which now threatens this once happy country.

That it is the opinion of this meeting, that the act of Parliament for shutting up the port of Boston, and divesting some of the inhabitants of pri-

348 HISTORY OF THE

Tate property, is a most unparalled, rigorous and unjust piece of cruelty and despotism.

4th. That unanimity and firmness of measures in the Colonies, are the most effectual means to secure the invaded rights and privileges of America, and to avoid the impending ruin which now threatens this once happy country.

5th. That the most effectual mode of redressing our grievances, will be by a General Congress, of delegates from the different colonies, and that we are willing to abide by such measures as they in their wisdom shall consider necessary to be adopted on that important occasion.

By order of the committee,

Ebenezer Haviland, Chairman.

The committee for the town of Rye will meet the committees of the other towns and districts in the co. of Westchester, on Monday the 22d day of this instant, at the court house in the White Plains, to return an answer to a letter from Mr. Isaac Low, chairmain of the committee of correspondence in New York."

The Westchester resolutions were as follows :

"At a meeting of the freeholders and inhabitants of the Borough Town of Westchester, in New York, the 20lh of August, 1774, James Ferris, Esq., Col. Lewis Morris, and Capt. Thomas Hunt, were chosen a committee to meet a committee of the different towns and precincts within this county, at the White Plains, on Monday the 22nd inst., to consult on the expediency of appointing one or more delegates to represent this county at the General Congress, &c., and James Ferris Esq. being unanimously chosen chairman ; the committee after considering the very alarming situation of their suffering brethren at Boston, occasioned by the late unconstitutional, arbitrary and oppressive act of the British Parliament, for blocking up their port, as well as the several acts imposing taxes on the Colonies in order to raise a revenue in America, thought proper to adopt the following resolutions, which were unanimously agreed to: "resolved, 1st., that we do and will bear true allegiance to his majesty George the third.

Thomas Hunt, were chosen a committee to meet a committee of the different towns and precincts within this county, at the White Plains, on Monday the 22nd inst., to consult on the expediency of appointing one or more delegates to represent this county at the General Congress, &c., and James Ferris Esq. being unanimously chosen chairman ; the committee after considering the very alarming situation of their suffering brethren at Boston, occasioned by the late unconstitutional, arbitrary and oppressive act of the British Parliament, for blocking up their port, as well as the several acts imposing taxes on the Colonies in order to raise a revenue in America, thought proper to adopt the following resolutions, which were unanimously agreed to: "resolved, 1st., that we do and will bear true allegiance to his majesty George the third. King of Great Britain, and according to the British constitution.

2ndly, that we coincide in opinion with our friends in New York and every other Colony, that all acts of the British Parliament imposing taxes on the Colonies without their consent or by their representatives, are arbitrary and oppressive, and should meet the abhorrence and detestation of all good men, that they are replete with the purpose of creating animosities and dissensions between the mother country and the colonies, or thereby tend to destroy that

American Arcliives, fourth series, vol.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 349

harmony and mutual agreement which is so much the interest of both to cherish and maintain.

3rd. That we esteem it our duty, and think it incumbent on all the Colonies in America, to contribute towards the relief of the poor and distressed people of Boston ; and that a person of this Borough be appointed to collect such charitable donations, within the same, as may be offered for their support.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 349

harmony and mutual agreement which is so much the interest of both to cherish and maintain.

3rd. That we esteem it our duty, and think it incumbent on all the Colonies in America, to contribute towards the relief of the poor and distressed people of Boston ; and that a person of this Borough be appointed to collect such charitable donations, within the same, as may be offered for their support.

4th. That as a division in the Colonies would be a sure means to counteract the present intention of the Americans in their endeavors to preserve their rights and liberties from the invasion that is threatened, we do most heartily recommend a steadiness and unanimity in their measures, as they will have the happy effects of averting the calamity that the late tyrannical act of the British Parliament would otherwise most assuredly involve us in.

5lh. That to obtain a redress of our grievances it has been thought most advisable in the Colonies to appoint a General Congress ; we will take shelter under the wisdom of those gentlemen who may be chosen to represent us, and cheerfully acquiesce in any measures they may judge shall be proper in this very alarming and critical occasion.*

James Ferris, Chairman.

Upon the 6th of April, 1775, appeared the following public notice, addressed to the freeholders and inhabitants of the county of Westchester.

" You are earnestly desired to attend a general meeting of the county to be lield at While Plains, on Tuesday next, the 1 1th inst., to give your votes upon the questions : -- Whether you are inclined to choose deputies to meet at the city of New York, in a Provincial Convention? or, whether you are determined to abide by the loyal and judicious measures already taken by your own worthy Representatives in the General Assembly of this Province, for a redress of American grievances'?

" You are earnestly desired to attend a general meeting of the county to be lield at While Plains, on Tuesday next, the 1 1th inst., to give your votes upon the questions : -- Whether you are inclined to choose deputies to meet at the city of New York, in a Provincial Convention? or, whether you are determined to abide by the loyal and judicious measures already taken by your own worthy Representatives in the General Assembly of this Province, for a redress of American grievances'? The consequences that may arise from neglecting to attend at White Plains on Tuesday next, to declare your sentiments relative to the appointment of deputies to meet in Provincial Congress, may be very fatal to this county. The friends of government and our happy constitution are therefore earnestly invited in person, to oppose a measure so replete with ruin and misery. Remember the extravagant price we are now obliged to pay for goods purchased from merchants in consequence of the new importation agreement ; and when the new exportation agreement takes place, we shall be in the situation of those who are obliged to make bricks without straw. "b

White Plains, in the Co. of W. C. April llth, 1775, On the 28th of March last, the following gentlemen having received letters from the chairman of the coinmittee of the city and county of New York, re-

» American Archives, fourth series, vol. i. 7:26. b American Archives, fourth series, vol. ii. 2$'2.

Remember the extravagant price we are now obliged to pay for goods purchased from merchants in consequence of the new importation agreement ; and when the new exportation agreement takes place, we shall be in the situation of those who are obliged to make bricks without straw. "b

White Plains, in the Co. of W. C. April llth, 1775, On the 28th of March last, the following gentlemen having received letters from the chairman of the coinmittee of the city and county of New York, re-

» American Archives, fourth series, vol. i. 7:26. b American Archives, fourth series, vol. ii. 2$'2.

350 HISTORY OF THE

lative to the appointment of Deputies for this county, met at this place for the purpose of devising means for taking the sense of the county upon the subject, viz., Theodosius Bartow, Esq., William Sutton, Esq., Captain Joseph Drake, James Willis, Benjamin Drake, Moses Drake, Colonel Lewis Morris, Thomas Hunt, Abraham Leggett, James Horton, jr., Esq., Stephen Ward, and Abraham Guion, Esq., who, having taken the same into consideration, agreed to send the following notification to the principal freeholders in the different towns and districts in the county, viz. ;

March 28tk, 1775. Sir : -- A number of persons from different districts in the County of Westchester having this day met at the White Plains to consider of the most proper method of taking the sense of the freeholders of the said County upon the expediency of choosing deputies to meet the deputies of the other counties for the purpose of electing delegates to represent this colony in the General Congress to be held in Philadelphia, on the 10th day of May next, are of opinion that the best way of proceeding for that purpose will be to have a general meeting of the freeholders of said county.

Sir : -- A number of persons from different districts in the County of Westchester having this day met at the White Plains to consider of the most proper method of taking the sense of the freeholders of the said County upon the expediency of choosing deputies to meet the deputies of the other counties for the purpose of electing delegates to represent this colony in the General Congress to be held in Philadelphia, on the 10th day of May next, are of opinion that the best way of proceeding for that purpose will be to have a general meeting of the freeholders of said county. As this county is very extensive we take the liberty of recommending the meeting to be held at the White Plains, on Tuesday, the 1 llh day of April next, at 10 o'clock in the forenoon, at the Court House, and therefore do desire you to give notice of the same to all the freeholders in your district, without exception, as those who do not appear and vote on that day will be presumed to acquiesce in the sentiments of the majority of those who vote. We are, &c., &c.

The above notice having been generally given and distributed, a very numerous body of freeholders of the county assembled at the Court House, White Plains, on the day appointed and chose Colonel Lewis Morris for their chairman. An inconsiderable number of persons, (among whom were many tenants not entitled to vote.) silh Isaac Wilkins and Colonel Philips at their head, then appeared ; and Mr. Wilkins, in their behalf, (as he said,) declared that they would not join in the business of the day, or have any thing to do with the Deputies or Congresses ; but that they came there for the sole purpose of protesting against such illegal and unconstitutional proceedings ; after which they departed.

An inconsiderable number of persons, (among whom were many tenants not entitled to vote.) silh Isaac Wilkins and Colonel Philips at their head, then appeared ; and Mr. Wilkins, in their behalf, (as he said,) declared that they would not join in the business of the day, or have any thing to do with the Deputies or Congresses ; but that they came there for the sole purpose of protesting against such illegal and unconstitutional proceedings ; after which they departed. The following question was then put to the peo[)le by the chairman, viz., whether they would appoint Deputies for this County to meet the Deputies of the other Counties at the city of New York, on the 20th of April inst., for the purpose of electing delegates to represent this Colony in the General Congress, to be held at Philadelphia on the 10th day of May next? To whicli question they unanimously answered that they would. They then appointed ihe following eight persons, or a majority of them, to be the Deputies of this County for the purpose aforesaid, viz., Colonel Lewis Morris, Stephen Ward, Daniel Drake, Esq., Colonel James Holmes, John Thomas, jr., Esq., Jonathan Piatt, Esq., Robert Graham, and Major Philip van Cortlandt. The two following resolves were then unanimously entered into, viz. : Resolved, that the thanks of this body be given to the virtuous minority of the

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 351

General Assembly of this Province, and particularly to Jolin Thomas and Pierre van Cortlandt, Esq., two of our Representatives, for their attachment to, and zeal on a late occasion, for the preservation of the union of the Colonies, and rights and liberties of America; and that this resolve be communicated by the chairman to every gentleman of whom that minority consisted.

The two following resolves were then unanimously entered into, viz. : Resolved, that the thanks of this body be given to the virtuous minority of the

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 351

General Assembly of this Province, and particularly to Jolin Thomas and Pierre van Cortlandt, Esq., two of our Representatives, for their attachment to, and zeal on a late occasion, for the preservation of the union of the Colonies, and rights and liberties of America; and that this resolve be communicated by the chairman to every gentleman of whom that minority consisted.

Resolved, that the thanks of this county are due to the Delegates who composed the late Congress, for the essential services they have rendered to America in general ; and that this resolve be forthwith published.

After the business of the day was thus concluded, the people gave three huzzas for our gracious sovereign, and dispersed quietly without the least disorder.*

Lewis Mokris, Chairman."

Protest of the inhabitants and freeholders of Westchester county, New York.

County of Westchester, April I3ih, 1775.

Mr. Rivington : -- Be pleased to insert the following, and you will oblige a number of your friends and subscribers.

On Thursday the 11th inst., a very respectable number of freeholders and inhabitants of the county of Westchester assembled at the White Plains in the said county, agreeable to the notice given, that their sentiments might be known concerning the choice of a committee to meet other committees in the city of New York, for the purpose of choosing delegates to represent this Colony in the next Continental Congress. The friends of order and government met at the house of Captain Hatfield ; more who were for a committee put up at another public house in the town. About 12 o'clock, word was brought to the gentlemen at Captain Hatfield's that the opposite party had already entered upon the business of the day ; upon which they immediately walked down to the court house, although not half of their friends, who were expected had yet appeared, where they found the other company collected in a body.

The friends of order and government met at the house of Captain Hatfield ; more who were for a committee put up at another public house in the town. About 12 o'clock, word was brought to the gentlemen at Captain Hatfield's that the opposite party had already entered upon the business of the day ; upon which they immediately walked down to the court house, although not half of their friends, who were expected had yet appeared, where they found the other company collected in a body. The numbers on each side seemed to be nearly equal, and both together might amount to two hundred, or, at most, two hundred and fifty. The friends to government then declared, that as they had been unlawfully called together, and for an unlawful purpose, they did not intend to contest the matter with them by a poll, which would be tacitly acknowledging the authority that had summoned them thither; but that they came only with a design to protest against all such disorderly proceedings, and to show their detestation of all unlawful Committees and Congresses ; they then declared their determination and resolution to continue steadfast in their allegiance to their gracious and merciful sovereign, King George the Third, to submit to lawful authority, and to abide by and support the only true representatives of

» American Archives, fourth scries, vol. ii. 314.

the people of this Colony, the General Assembly; then giving three huzzas, they returned to Captain Hatfields, singing, as they went, with loyal enthusiasm, the good and animating song of "God save great George our King," " Long live our noble King," &c., &c. At their return, finding that many of their friends had arrived during their absence, and ihat many still kept coming in, they proceeded to draw up and sign the following declaration, which they seemed to do with as much patriotic zeal as ever warmed the hearts of true and faithful subjects, and afterwards dispersed to their different habitations.

the people of this Colony, the General Assembly; then giving three huzzas, they returned to Captain Hatfields, singing, as they went, with loyal enthusiasm, the good and animating song of "God save great George our King," " Long live our noble King," &c., &c. At their return, finding that many of their friends had arrived during their absence, and ihat many still kept coming in, they proceeded to draw up and sign the following declaration, which they seemed to do with as much patriotic zeal as ever warmed the hearts of true and faithful subjects, and afterwards dispersed to their different habitations.

" We the subscribers, freeholders and inhabitants of the county of Westchester, having assembled at the White Plains in consequence of certain advertisements, do now declare, that we met here to declare our honest abhorrence of all unlawful Congresses and Committees, and that we are determined at the hazard of our lives and properties, to support the king and constitution, and that we acknowledge no Representatives but the General Assembly, to whose wisdom and integrity we submit the guardianship of our rights and privileges.

Frederick Philips, Roger Purdy,

Isaac W^ilkins, Gilbert Pugsley,

Samuel Seabury, Abraham Leader,

Luke Babcock, Benjamin Brown,

Isaac Fowler Judge, Isaac Keed,

Caleb Fowler Judge, Aaron Buis,

J. P. Horton, Esq.. Moses Weyman,

William Sutton, Esq., Israel Underbill,

Daniel Oakley, Esq., John Baisly,

Benjamin Fowler, Esq., David Oakley, jr.,

William Davids, Esq., Isaac Smith,

Wm. Anderson, Esq., John Hyatt,

Capt. Abra'm Hatfield, Hezekiah Cudney,

Nath'l Underbill, May'r, Abraham Odeli,

" We the subscribers, freeholders and inhabitants of the county of Westchester, having assembled at the White Plains in consequence of certain advertisements, do now declare, that we met here to declare our honest abhorrence of all unlawful Congresses and Committees, and that we are determined at the hazard of our lives and properties, to support the king and constitution, and that we acknowledge no Representatives but the General Assembly, to whose wisdom and integrity we submit the guardianship of our rights and privileges.

Frederick Philips, Roger Purdy,

Isaac W^ilkins, Gilbert Pugsley,

Samuel Seabury, Abraham Leader,

Luke Babcock, Benjamin Brown,

Isaac Fowler Judge, Isaac Keed,

Caleb Fowler Judge, Aaron Buis,

J. P. Horton, Esq.. Moses Weyman,

William Sutton, Esq., Israel Underbill,

Daniel Oakley, Esq., John Baisly,

Benjamin Fowler, Esq., David Oakley, jr.,

William Davids, Esq., Isaac Smith,

Wm. Anderson, Esq., John Hyatt,

Capt. Abra'm Hatfield, Hezekiah Cudney,

Nath'l Underbill, May'r, Abraham Odeli,

George Cromwell, Esq., Thos. Lawrence,

Philip Pell, Esq., Joshua Pell, James Pell, Edward Pell, John Hunt, Gilbert Horton, Adrian Leforge, Joshua Gidney, Joseph Bude, James Wetmore, Moses Williams, John Haight, Isaac Brown,

John Seysion, Jeremiah Travis, Griffen Carey, Isaac Foshee, Gabriel Requeau, Samuel Webb, Benjamin Downing Gabriel Archer, Elias Secord, Thomas Veal, James Pieree, Edward Higbee, David Haight,

Jonathan Budd, John Wetmore, William Underbill, Thomas Brown, Lieut. Isaac Gidney, Nehemiah Tompkins, Henry Leforge, Robert Brown, Benj. Beyea, Bartholomew Gidney, John Loce, Elnalhan Appleby, John Baker, Jonathan Underbill, James McChain, Benj. Seacord, Joshua Hunt, Belts Chalterdon, William Landrine, Enoch Hunt, Peter Corme, Dennis Kennedy, James Hains, Andrew Bainton, Hezekiah Simmons, Nathaniel Tompkins, Caleb Archer, Benj. Bugbee,

John Seysion, Jeremiah Travis, Griffen Carey, Isaac Foshee, Gabriel Requeau, Samuel Webb, Benjamin Downing Gabriel Archer, Elias Secord, Thomas Veal, James Pieree, Edward Higbee, David Haight,

Jonathan Budd, John Wetmore, William Underbill, Thomas Brown, Lieut. Isaac Gidney, Nehemiah Tompkins, Henry Leforge, Robert Brown, Benj. Beyea, Bartholomew Gidney, John Loce, Elnalhan Appleby, John Baker, Jonathan Underbill, James McChain, Benj. Seacord, Joshua Hunt, Belts Chalterdon, William Landrine, Enoch Hunt, Peter Corme, Dennis Kennedy, James Hains, Andrew Bainton, Hezekiah Simmons, Nathaniel Tompkins, Caleb Archer, Benj. Bugbee,

COLWTY OF WESTCHESTER.

Philip Kelly, James Hains, Joseph Haines, jr., James Haines, jr., Mattliew Hains, Bartholomew Hains, Gilbert Hains, John Hains, Elijah Hains, Lieut. Solomon Fov\ler, Isaac Williams, John IMcCollum. Joseph Clark, Joseph Oakley, Caleb Ferris, Capt. Benj. Griffin, Capt. Joshua Purely, James Mott, Lieut. Will. Lounsberry, Lieut. Sam'l Purely, John Rusler, Nathan Osborn, Philemon Halstead, Daniel Purdy, John Crab, Izrahiah Wet more, Capt. Absalom Gidney, David Haight, John Brown, Jasper Stivers, Peter McFarthing, Joshua Purdy, jr., Hachaliah Purdy, jr., James Tompkins, Michael Chalterton,

Sylvanius Lyon, Daniel Hnight, John Williams, Joseph Purdy, Ezekiel Halsted, John Hunt, jr., Isaac Purdy, Elijah Purdy, Abraham Loosee, Isaac Tompkins, William Gray, Nathaniel Merrit, Joseph Paulding, Hendricus Storm, Francis Secord, John Parker, Gilbert Hatfield, Gabriel Purdy, Alexander Hains, Benj. Ogden, Thos. Merritt, Gilbert Bates, John Gidney, Stephen Arnode, Israel Secord, John Arnode, David Purdy, David Belcher, Jordan Downing, Levi Devoe, Abraham Acker, Cornelius van Tassel, Eiisha Merritt, Jacob Schurman, Joseph Appleby,

Francis Purdy, William Odell, Israel Hunt, Thos. Tompkins, Frederick Underbill, Peter Post, Benj. McCord, John Williams, John Ackerman, Peter Husting, Thos. Barker, Jeremiah Hunter,» Abraham Storm, Peter Jansing, Isaac Merritt, Edward Merritt, John Gale, John Smith, Roger Purdy, James Hart, jr., Jona. Purdy, jr., Monmouth Hart, jr., Christopher Purdy, Gilbert Purdy, Edward Merritt, jr., Elijah Miller, Henry Disborough, Benj. Hunt, Elnathan Hunt, William van Wart, Abraham Storm, Thomas Berrj', Lancaster Underhill, Charles Merritt, Benjamin Underbill,

Francis Purdy, William Odell, Israel Hunt, Thos. Tompkins, Frederick Underbill, Peter Post, Benj. McCord, John Williams, John Ackerman, Peter Husting, Thos. Barker, Jeremiah Hunter,» Abraham Storm, Peter Jansing, Isaac Merritt, Edward Merritt, John Gale, John Smith, Roger Purdy, James Hart, jr., Jona. Purdy, jr., Monmouth Hart, jr., Christopher Purdy, Gilbert Purdy, Edward Merritt, jr., Elijah Miller, Henry Disborough, Benj. Hunt, Elnathan Hunt, William van Wart, Abraham Storm, Thomas Berrj', Lancaster Underhill, Charles Merritt, Benjamin Underbill,

^ " North Castle, May Sth, 1775. Mr. Rivington: -- In your paper lately I saw my name to a protest. I never signed it, but went into Capt. Hatfield's house and was asked whether I was a Whig or a Tory ? I made answer, that I did not understand the meaning of those words, but was for liberty and peace. Upon which I immediately put down my name. Now, sir, I desire you will print this to show the world that I have not deserved to be held up in the light of a protestor.

"Jeremiah Hunter."

Vol. II. 45

Elnathan Taylor, Gilbert Theai, William Sexon, Thomas Champoneers, John Champoneers, William Griffin, Isaac Gidney, John Bates, Joseph Haviland, Eleazer Hart, Timothy Wetmore, Jajarses Hunt, Joseph Parker, Joshua Barn, Joseph Purdy, John Park, Samuel Purdy, Gilbert Purdy, James Chatterton, John Devvsenburgh, Thomas Cromwell, Solomon Horton, Peter Bussing,* Thomas Valentine, 'Peter Bussing, ]r , James Kniffen, Nathan'l Underbill, jr., Philip Fowler, John McFarthing, John Tompkins, Joseph Hart, Jacob Post, Joseph GJdney, James Baxter, John Hunt, Cornelius Loosee, Jesse Park,

Elnathan Taylor, Gilbert Theai, William Sexon, Thomas Champoneers, John Champoneers, William Griffin, Isaac Gidney, John Bates, Joseph Haviland, Eleazer Hart, Timothy Wetmore, Jajarses Hunt, Joseph Parker, Joshua Barn, Joseph Purdy, John Park, Samuel Purdy, Gilbert Purdy, James Chatterton, John Devvsenburgh, Thomas Cromwell, Solomon Horton, Peter Bussing,* Thomas Valentine, 'Peter Bussing, ]r , James Kniffen, Nathan'l Underbill, jr., Philip Fowler, John McFarthing, John Tompkins, Joseph Hart, Jacob Post, Joseph GJdney, James Baxter, John Hunt, Cornelius Loosee, Jesse Park,

John Tompkins, jr., Job Hadden, jr., Patrick Carey, James Hart, Gilbert Ward, Joseph Hart, Monmouth Hart, William Dunlap, Joshua Ferris, Timothy Purdy, James Macguire, James Requau, Daniel Shadin, Samuel Purdy, Sylvanus Purdy, William Dalton, David Davids, Elijah Purdy. jr. Elijah Tompkins, Daniel Jerow, Charles Lawrence, Joseph Purdy, jr., James Sniffen, jr , Gilbert Valentine, Andrew Guion, Gilbert Hunter, Lt. Peter Bonnett, Samuel Sneeden, Peter Fashee, Jesse Lawrence, William Sneeden, Dr. Daniel Kwap, Solomon Dean, Charles Vincent, sen. Lieut. Thos. Hyatt, James Gidney, William Woodward.

Benjamin Griffin, jr., Jeremiah Coone, John Hal!, James Angevine, Jacob Coone, Jeremiah Anderson, jr., Gilbert Williams, William Barker, jr., Gideon Arden, William Field, Joseph Purdy, George Storm^ Jacob Vermilea, Samuel Heusted, BarthoFmew Underbill, Lieet John Warner, Natiri Purdy, Isaac Bennet, Samuel Baker,** John Cromwell, John Storm, Andrew Fowler, Joshua Seacord, Abraham Rich, George French, John Underbill, Caleb Gidney, William Underbill, jr., James Hill, William Watkins, John Rustin, Richard Baker, Will. Ascoogb, Bishop Heustice, James Miller, Phineas Hunt,

» That our names were not subscribed to the protest of Westchester, either by ourselves, or our orders or permission, directly or indirectly, is certified by us, each for himself. May 4, 1775. Peter Bussing. John Bussing.

Benjamin Griffin, jr., Jeremiah Coone, John Hal!, James Angevine, Jacob Coone, Jeremiah Anderson, jr., Gilbert Williams, William Barker, jr., Gideon Arden, William Field, Joseph Purdy, George Storm^ Jacob Vermilea, Samuel Heusted, BarthoFmew Underbill, Lieet John Warner, Natiri Purdy, Isaac Bennet, Samuel Baker,** John Cromwell, John Storm, Andrew Fowler, Joshua Seacord, Abraham Rich, George French, John Underbill, Caleb Gidney, William Underbill, jr., James Hill, William Watkins, John Rustin, Richard Baker, Will. Ascoogb, Bishop Heustice, James Miller, Phineas Hunt,

» That our names were not subscribed to the protest of Westchester, either by ourselves, or our orders or permission, directly or indirectly, is certified by us, each for himself. May 4, 1775. Peter Bussing. John Bussing.

b Mr. Rivingtox : -- I did sign a protest which was printed in your paper, but I did so because I was told that the intent of signing it was to show that I was for the liberties of the country. Sa.mukl Bakcr.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 355

The following persons, not being able to attend at the Plains, requested by their friends that their names might be added to the list of protestors, viz. : John Hunt, Esq., Philip Palmer, Esq , John Hitchcock,

Jeremiah Hitchcock, William Bond, Joseph Bond.

The foregoing account is strictly true, as can be proven by the testimony (or, if necessary, by the affidavits,) of a number of persons of the most unquestionable character in this county. What then must we think of such persons as have propagated a report that the friends of government were, upon this occasion, outnumbered five to one, and that many of the persons whose names were subscribed to the foregoing declaration were not on that day present at the White Plains] They must be conscious to themselves that they have spread abroad a falsehood, and they are hereby called upon, if they dare, to set their names to those assertions.

What then must we think of such persons as have propagated a report that the friends of government were, upon this occasion, outnumbered five to one, and that many of the persons whose names were subscribed to the foregoing declaration were not on that day present at the White Plains] They must be conscious to themselves that they have spread abroad a falsehood, and they are hereby called upon, if they dare, to set their names to those assertions. In what manner those gentlemen who chose the committee at the Plains proceeded, we cannot positively say ; but this we can declare with truth, that we do not believe they can produce to the public the names of a hundred and fifiy persons who voted for a committee that day, and we are surely persuaded that they did their utmost to make their party as numerous as possible. How then can they justify their choice of a committee 1 or how can they presume to impose upon the world, and to insult the Lorjal County of Westchester in so barefaced a manner ] It is well known here that two-thirds, at least, of the inhabitants of this county are friends to order and government, and opposed to committees and all unlawful combinations ; and it will be made apparent to the world that they are so, as soon as certain resolves, now signing freely by the people, shall be ready for publication. And one principal reason why tlie friends to government did not assemble in greater numbers than they did, on Tuesday last, was that many of them had already, by signing those resolves, testified their loyalty to the king, their attachment to the constitution, their enmity to the committees, and their acquiescence in tlie prudent measures taken by the Assembly in the late session, for accommodating the unhappy differences between the mother country and the colonies, and consequently thought they had done their duty.

And one principal reason why tlie friends to government did not assemble in greater numbers than they did, on Tuesday last, was that many of them had already, by signing those resolves, testified their loyalty to the king, their attachment to the constitution, their enmity to the committees, and their acquiescence in tlie prudent measures taken by the Assembly in the late session, for accommodating the unhappy differences between the mother country and the colonies, and consequently thought they had done their duty. The committe that was chosen may with some kind of propriety, be said to represent those particular persons who chose them ; but how they can be denominated the Representatives of the County of Westchester, who, in general, abhor committees and committee men, and are determined to take no steps that may lead them inio rebellion, we cannot conceive ; certainly the friends to government who were collected at Captain Hatfield's had a better right from their number to determine that there should be no committee than the opposite party had to appoint one, and might with much greater propriety be said to show the sense of the County than the few who acted without authority and in direct opposition to government, and to the determinations of our worthy Assembly ; and we doubt not but the impartial publick will consider the matter in this light, and not esteem the act of a few individuals, unlawfully assembled,

356 HISTOR Y OF THE

as the act (which most assuredly is not,) of the very respectable, populous, and Loyal County of Westchester. »

The committe that was chosen may with some kind of propriety, be said to represent those particular persons who chose them ; but how they can be denominated the Representatives of the County of Westchester, who, in general, abhor committees and committee men, and are determined to take no steps that may lead them inio rebellion, we cannot conceive ; certainly the friends to government who were collected at Captain Hatfield's had a better right from their number to determine that there should be no committee than the opposite party had to appoint one, and might with much greater propriety be said to show the sense of the County than the few who acted without authority and in direct opposition to government, and to the determinations of our worthy Assembly ; and we doubt not but the impartial publick will consider the matter in this light, and not esteem the act of a few individuals, unlawfully assembled,

356 HISTOR Y OF THE

as the act (which most assuredly is not,) of the very respectable, populous, and Loyal County of Westchester. »

In answer to the above protest, occurs the following letter from Lewis Morris, addressed " to the publick."

Morrisania, May 7lh, 1775.

" A very extraordinary paper called a protest against the proceedings of the freeholders of the County of Westchester, relative to the election of Deputies for the late Convention, and said to have been subscribed by the several persons whose names are printed with it, was published in Mr. Rivington and Gaine's Gazette, a few weeks ago.

In answer to the above protest, occurs the following letter from Lewis Morris, addressed " to the publick."

Morrisania, May 7lh, 1775.

" A very extraordinary paper called a protest against the proceedings of the freeholders of the County of Westchester, relative to the election of Deputies for the late Convention, and said to have been subscribed by the several persons whose names are printed with it, was published in Mr. Rivington and Gaine's Gazette, a few weeks ago.

By whom this performance was given to the publick is uncertain ; and, being as little distinguished by decency as by truth, there is reason to suspect the author's name will remain a secret. The falsities contained in this representation, are too flagrant to impose npon any person in this colony ; and, nothing but the apprehension of its gaining credit in other parts of the world would have induced me to have made it the subject of animadversion.

I shall pass over the many little embellishments with which the author's fancy has endeavored to decorate his narrative ; nor. is it necessary to call in question the reality of that loyal enthusiasm, by which it was said these good people were influenced, and I really wish that had been the fact, because when inconsistencies and fooleries lesult from inebriety or enthusiasm, they merit our pity, and escape indignation and resentment.

Much pains I confess, were on that day taken to make temporary enthusiasts, and with other more exhilirating spirit than the spirit of loyalty.

I shall pass over the many little embellishments with which the author's fancy has endeavored to decorate his narrative ; nor. is it necessary to call in question the reality of that loyal enthusiasm, by which it was said these good people were influenced, and I really wish that had been the fact, because when inconsistencies and fooleries lesult from inebriety or enthusiasm, they merit our pity, and escape indignation and resentment.

Much pains I confess, were on that day taken to make temporary enthusiasts, and with other more exhilirating spirit than the spirit of loyalty.

To give the appearance of dignity to these curious and very orderly protesters, the author has been very mindful to annex every man's addition to his name, npon a presumption, perhaps, that it would derive weight from the title of mayor, esquire, captain, lieutenant, judge, &c.

But it is not easy to conceive why the publick should be less civil to the clergy than to the gentry and commonalty. Samuel Seabury and Luke Babcock, certainly ought not to have been sent into the world floating on a newspaper in that plain way : the one is the " Reverend Mr. Samuel Seabury, Rector of the united Parishes of East and Westchester, and one of the missionaries for the propagation of the Gospel (and not politicks) in foreign parts," &c. &c., the other is "the Rev. Mr. Luke Babcock, who preaches and prays for Mr. Philipse and his tenants at Philipsburgh."

In this formidable catalogue of 300 and 12 sober and loyal protesters, there are not less than one hundred and seventy who after a most diligent inquiry, I cannot find have the least pretensions to a vote, and indeed many of them are also under age. Their names are as follows :

Samuel Seabury, Rector of the united Parishes of East and Westchester, and one of the missionaries for the propagation of the Gospel (and not politicks) in foreign parts," &c. &c., the other is "the Rev. Mr. Luke Babcock, who preaches and prays for Mr. Philipse and his tenants at Philipsburgh."

In this formidable catalogue of 300 and 12 sober and loyal protesters, there are not less than one hundred and seventy who after a most diligent inquiry, I cannot find have the least pretensions to a vote, and indeed many of them are also under age. Their names are as follows :

American Archives, 4th series, vol. ii. 321.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

Samual Seabury, Luke Babcock, Benjamin Fowler, Esq., Joshua Pell, Edward Pell, John Hunt, Gilbert Horton, Adrian Leforge, Moses Williams, Philip Kelley, James Haines, Bartholomew Haines, John Haines, Elijah Haines, Joseph Clark, Joseph Oakley, James Mott, Daniel Purdy, John Crab, Izrahiah Whetmore, Absalom Gidney, John Brown, Jasper Stevens, Peter McFarthing, Joshua Purdy, jr., Hachaliah Purdy, jr., James Tompkins, Gilbert Theal, William Sexon, Thomas Champonecrs, John Champoneers, Eleazer Hart, James Hunt, Joseph Parker, Joshua Barns, John Park, Isaac Smith, John Hyatt, Abraham Odell, Thomas Lawrence, John Seyson, Isaac Forshea,

Elias Seacord, James Pierce, Edward Bugbe, Daniel Haight, John Hunt, jr., Abraham Losee, Isaac Tompkins, Joseph Paulding, Henricus Storm, Francis Secord, John Parker, Gilbert Bates, David Purdy, David Bleeker, Jordan Downing, Corn, van Tassell, Joseph Appleby, Patrick Cary, Gilbert Ward, William Dunlap, Joshua Ferris, Timothy Purdy, James McGuire, James Requau, Samuel Purdy, Sylvanus Purdy, William Dalton, Elijah Tompkins, Joshua Hunt, Bates Chatterton, William Landrin, Dennis Kennedy, James Haines, Andrew Banton, Nathaniel Tompkins, Caleb Archer, Benjamin Bugbe, Francis Purdy, William Odell, Israel Hunt, Thomas Tompkins, Fred. Underbill,

Elias Seacord, James Pierce, Edward Bugbe, Daniel Haight, John Hunt, jr., Abraham Losee, Isaac Tompkins, Joseph Paulding, Henricus Storm, Francis Secord, John Parker, Gilbert Bates, David Purdy, David Bleeker, Jordan Downing, Corn, van Tassell, Joseph Appleby, Patrick Cary, Gilbert Ward, William Dunlap, Joshua Ferris, Timothy Purdy, James McGuire, James Requau, Samuel Purdy, Sylvanus Purdy, William Dalton, Elijah Tompkins, Joshua Hunt, Bates Chatterton, William Landrin, Dennis Kennedy, James Haines, Andrew Banton, Nathaniel Tompkins, Caleb Archer, Benjamin Bugbe, Francis Purdy, William Odell, Israel Hunt, Thomas Tompkins, Fred. Underbill,

John Williams, John Ackemar, Peter Bussing, Jeremiah Hunter, Abraham Storm, Peter Jenning, John Gale, John Smith, James Hart, jr., Jonathan Purdy, jr. Monmouth Hart, jr. Christopher Purdy, Gabriel Purdy, Edward Merritt, jr., Henry Desborough, William van Wart, Abraham Storm, Thomas Berry, Charles Merritt, Bejamin Griffin, Samuel Purdy, Gilbert Purdy, James Chatterton, Thomas Crornwell, Solomon Horton, Nathaniel Undorhill, jr. Philip Fowler, John McFarthing, Jacob Post, James Baxter, John Hart, Cornelius Loosee, Jesse Park, Roger Purdy, jr., Gilbert Pugsly, Abraham Leaden, Benjamin Brown, Aaron Buis, John Burzley, David Oakley, jr., Charles Lawrence, Joseph Purdy, jr.

Gabriel Requeau, Peter Post, James Sniffen, jr.,

Gabriel Archer, Btnj. McCord, Peter Bonnett,

Peter Fashee, John Loce, Samuel Huested,

Isaac Lawrence, Elnathan Appleby, John Warner,

Will. Snider, John Baker, John Storm,

Solomon Dean, Jonathan Underbill, Joshua Secord,

Thomas Hyatt, James McChain, John Underbill,

William Woodward, James Angevine, William Underbill, jr.,

John Whitmore, Jeremiah Anderson, jr. James Hill,

Will. Underbill, Will. Barker, jr. William Watkins,

Neberaiah Tompkins, Gideon Arden, jr. Richard Baker,

Philip Fowler, John McFarthing, Jacob Post, James Baxter, John Hart, Cornelius Loosee, Jesse Park, Roger Purdy, jr., Gilbert Pugsly, Abraham Leaden, Benjamin Brown, Aaron Buis, John Burzley, David Oakley, jr., Charles Lawrence, Joseph Purdy, jr.

Gabriel Requeau, Peter Post, James Sniffen, jr.,

Gabriel Archer, Btnj. McCord, Peter Bonnett,

Peter Fashee, John Loce, Samuel Huested,

Isaac Lawrence, Elnathan Appleby, John Warner,

Will. Snider, John Baker, John Storm,

Solomon Dean, Jonathan Underbill, Joshua Secord,

Thomas Hyatt, James McChain, John Underbill,

William Woodward, James Angevine, William Underbill, jr.,

John Whitmore, Jeremiah Anderson, jr. James Hill,

Will. Underbill, Will. Barker, jr. William Watkins,

Neberaiah Tompkins, Gideon Arden, jr. Richard Baker,

Henry le Forge, Joseph Purdy, Bishop Huestice,

Evert Brown, George Storm, Jeremiah Hitchcock,

Benj. Beyea, Jacob Vermiiler, William Bond,

Charles Merritt, Samuel Snider,

Of the others who are freeholders, many also bold land at will of Col. Philipse, so that the truth really is, that very few independent freeholders objected to the appointment of deputies. '""^ - ^ ^ Lewis Morris.

Upon the 29ih of April, 1775, appeared the following document addressed to the publick.

*' We ihe subscribers do hereby make this public declaration, that whereas, we and several others in Westchester county, having signed a certain number of resolves, which at the time of our said signing were deemed constitutional, and as having a tendency to promote the interest of our country ; but, since upon mature deliberation vnd more full knowledge of the matter find not only injurious to our present cause, but likewise offensive to our fellow colonists, we do therefore thus publickly testify our abhorrence of the same, and declare ourselves true friends to the colonies, and ever ready cheerfully to exert ourselves in the defence and preservation of the same."n

*' We ihe subscribers do hereby make this public declaration, that whereas, we and several others in Westchester county, having signed a certain number of resolves, which at the time of our said signing were deemed constitutional, and as having a tendency to promote the interest of our country ; but, since upon mature deliberation vnd more full knowledge of the matter find not only injurious to our present cause, but likewise offensive to our fellow colonists, we do therefore thus publickly testify our abhorrence of the same, and declare ourselves true friends to the colonies, and ever ready cheerfully to exert ourselves in the defence and preservation of the same."n

Jonathan Fowler, Esq.

George Croaiwell, Esq.

' "At a meeting of freeholders of Westchester county, New- York, at the White Plains, on Monday, the Sth day of May, 1775. Governeiir Morris, Lewis Graham, James van Cortlandt, Stephen Ward, Joseph Drake, Philip van Cortlandt, James Holmes, David Dayton, John Holmes, jr., Robert Graham, and

■^ American archives, fourth series, vol. k Ibid. 446.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 359

William Paulding, were chosen to be the deputies from this County to the Provincial Convention of the Province of New York."a

" On the 30ih of June, 1776, the Provincial Congress of this State adjourned from the city of New York to the court-house in White Plains, where they met on the 9th of July following, and tliere continued in session until the 29th of that month."''

In Provincial Congress, New York, 30th June, 1776.

William Paulding, were chosen to be the deputies from this County to the Provincial Convention of the Province of New York."a

" On the 30ih of June, 1776, the Provincial Congress of this State adjourned from the city of New York to the court-house in White Plains, where they met on the 9th of July following, and tliere continued in session until the 29th of that month."''

In Provincial Congress, New York, 30th June, 1776.

Sunday afternoon.

It was resolved, " that the treasurer and secretary of this Congress be and they hereby are directed forthwith to repair, with all and singular the public papers and money now in their custody or possession, unto the While Plains, in the county of Westchester, and that this Congress be and it hereby is adjourned unto the court-house in the White Plains aforesaid, there to meet on Tuesday the 2d of July next, and proceed upon business ; and that the next Congress of this county do meet at the same place on Monday the .8th day of July aforesaid, unless otherwise ordered by the Congress." It was carried in the affirmative.

For the question, 20, against ditto, 5.

And it was further ordered that all the lead, powder and other military stores belonging to this State be forthwitli removed to the White Phiins.''^

The journey between New York and the Plains was performed by the members on horseback, Pierre van Cortland r, the president, riding at their head. As expresses ovjsrtook them from General Washington the house was called to order on horseback, and several resolutions passed.

For the question, 20, against ditto, 5.

And it was further ordered that all the lead, powder and other military stores belonging to this State be forthwitli removed to the White Phiins.''^

The journey between New York and the Plains was performed by the members on horseback, Pierre van Cortland r, the president, riding at their head. As expresses ovjsrtook them from General Washington the house was called to order on horseback, and several resolutions passed.

"It was at White Plains on the 9th of July, the Provincial Congress received the Declaration of Independence ; there it was read, in front of the court house,"'^ and there they solemnly in convention promised at the risk of their lives and fortunes to

» American Archives, fourth series, vol. ii. 529.

b Extract from address of J. W, Tompkins, Esq., 1845.

« Journal of N. Y. Provincial Congress, vol. i. 512.

d The declaration was read by John Thomas, Esq., and seconded by Michael

36^. HISTORY or THE

join with ihe other colonies in supporting it. The letter of John Hancock, enclosing to them, that declaration, after acknowledging their dependence for success npon the Ruler of the universe, with almost a prophet's vision announced the important consequences which would flow from that declaration.''^ The old court house, honored by this fearless step in (he cause of independence, " and so intimately associated with the wisdom and virtue of such men as Jay, Morris, Clinton, Woodhull, Hobart, Van Cortlandt, Livingston, and Rutgers, was burnt on the night of the 5th of November, by a New England major, without orders, together with every dwelling at White Plains.''^

The letter of John Hancock, enclosing to them, that declaration, after acknowledging their dependence for success npon the Ruler of the universe, with almost a prophet's vision announced the important consequences which would flow from that declaration.''^ The old court house, honored by this fearless step in (he cause of independence, " and so intimately associated with the wisdom and virtue of such men as Jay, Morris, Clinton, Woodhull, Hobart, Van Cortlandt, Livingston, and Rutgers, was burnt on the night of the 5th of November, by a New England major, without orders, together with every dwelling at White Plains.''^

" About 12 o'clock, this night, (Nov. 5th, 1776, says General Heath,) a party of Americans wantonly set fire to the court- house, and several other private houses, which stood between the two armies. This gave great disgust to the whole American army, and drew from the commander-in-chief the following paragraph, in his orders of the 6th : ' It is with the utmost astonishment and abhorrence, the general is informed, that some base and cowardly wretches have, last night, set fire to the court-house and other buildings which the enemy left. The army Tnay rely upon it, that they shall be brought to justice, and meet with the punishment they deserve."*^

Pierre van Cortlandt, vice president of the committee of public safety, under date of 28th November, thus feelingly alludes to the event.

" Unhappy am I to add that amidst all our sufferings the army employed for the protection of America have not refrained from embittering the calamities of war, at a time when the utmost resources of this state were laid open to their wants, and the members of Convention personally submiued to the labour and fatigue which were necessary on a sudden emergency, and after frequent losses of provisions and barracks, to supply two numerous armies, augmented by the militia, with every article which they required, the courthouse and the remains of the village at the White Plains, which had been spared on the retreat of our forces, were, even after the enemy had in their

" Unhappy am I to add that amidst all our sufferings the army employed for the protection of America have not refrained from embittering the calamities of war, at a time when the utmost resources of this state were laid open to their wants, and the members of Convention personally submiued to the labour and fatigue which were necessary on a sudden emergency, and after frequent losses of provisions and barracks, to supply two numerous armies, augmented by the militia, with every article which they required, the courthouse and the remains of the village at the White Plains, which had been spared on the retreat of our forces, were, even after the enemy had in their

Varian and Samuel Crawford, two prominent Whigs of Scarsdale. The latter met a sad and early fate by the hands of British refugees.

» Extract from address of J. W. Tompkins, Esq.

b Ibid.

« Heath's Mem. 83. j

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 361

turn retired, wantonly destroyed, without the orders and to the iniinite regret of our worthy general, besides in spite of all his Excellency's efforts, wherever our troops have marched or been stationed they have done infinite damage to the property of the people.

I am directed, sir, to submit it to the Hon'ble Congress, whether some effectual remedy ought not to be provided against such disorderly and disgraceful proceedings. The soldier who plunders the country he is employed to protect is no better than a robber, and ought to be treated accordingly, and a severe example, in the opinion of the committee, ought to be made of the officer who, without any necessity, or his general's permission, set fire to the court-house and other buildings at the White Plains. He is guilty of the crime of arson, and if he cannot be punished by the articles of war, ought to be given up to the laws of the land.

The soldier who plunders the country he is employed to protect is no better than a robber, and ought to be treated accordingly, and a severe example, in the opinion of the committee, ought to be made of the officer who, without any necessity, or his general's permission, set fire to the court-house and other buildings at the White Plains. He is guilty of the crime of arson, and if he cannot be punished by the articles of war, ought to be given up to the laws of the land. If so glaring a violation of every sentiment of humanity should be passed over in silence, if the army is not reasonably restrained from such acts of barbarity, the consequence must be fatal to the cause of a people whose exalted glory it is to be advocates for the rights of mankind, against the tyranny and oppression of lawless power. The resolutions which the committee of safety have passed upon the subject are herewith transmitted.

" I have the honor to be, with great respect, sir, your most obedient and very humble servant,

" By order

" Pierre van Cortlandt, Vice President."

" To the Honorable John Hancock, President of the Congress of the United States."^

At a meeting of the committee of safety held Monday morning, 2d December, 1776. It was resolved, " that the laws of the country are not superseded by the military code in the presence of the army," "and that a letter be written to General Washington, requesting that the officer directing the burning of the courthouse and dwelling liouses at the White Plains be delivered to this committee or the Convention of the state, in order to his being tried by the laws of this state, and, if guilty, punished thereby.''^

It was resolved, " that the laws of the country are not superseded by the military code in the presence of the army," "and that a letter be written to General Washington, requesting that the officer directing the burning of the courthouse and dwelling liouses at the White Plains be delivered to this committee or the Convention of the state, in order to his being tried by the laws of this state, and, if guilty, punished thereby.''^

The Episcopal Church is very pleasantly situated, a little east of the court-house, and being elevated above the road, commands a fine view of the valley and hills to the north-east. It is built of

a Journal of N. Y. Prov. Congress, vol. i. 72.1. b Journal of N. Y. Prov. Con. vol. i. 729.

Vol. II, 46

362 HISTORY OF THE

wood, with a handsome tower and vestry room in the rear. The former contains a bell weighing 1135 pounds. This parish was first organized by the exertions of the Rev. Lewis P. Bayard, in 1824, who occasionally performed services here. Upon the 22d of March, 1824, the church was incorporated by the title of "Grace (Protestant Episcopal) Church, White Plains," in remembrance of Grace C. hurch, Rye, whose ministers had officiated here at intervals from 1762 to 1816,^ Richard Jarvis and Alan McDonald, wardens ; William Purdy, John Horton, Gilbert Hatfield, James Dick, Alexander Fowler, Joshna Horton, William Bulkley, and James Merritt, vestrymen." The present church edifice was consecrated on the 26ih of June, 1826, by the Right Rev. J. H. Hobart. In 1833 Trinity Church, New York, appropriated to this parish the sum of $750.

Upon the 22d of March, 1824, the church was incorporated by the title of "Grace (Protestant Episcopal) Church, White Plains," in remembrance of Grace C. hurch, Rye, whose ministers had officiated here at intervals from 1762 to 1816,^ Richard Jarvis and Alan McDonald, wardens ; William Purdy, John Horton, Gilbert Hatfield, James Dick, Alexander Fowler, Joshna Horton, William Bulkley, and James Merritt, vestrymen." The present church edifice was consecrated on the 26ih of June, 1826, by the Right Rev. J. H. Hobart. In 1833 Trinity Church, New York, appropriated to this parish the sum of $750.

LIST OF RECTORS AND MINISTERS. Inst, or call. Incumbents. Vacated hy

1824. William C. Mead, Presb. resignation.

1826. Alexander H. Crosby, A. M., Presb. ditto.

1829. Rev. John VV. Curtis, Presb. ditto.

1831. Rev. Robert W. Harris, A. M., Presb. pies't incumb. Present nnmber of communicants, cir. 50. The church-yard contains memorials to the families of Du Bois, Thomas, Popham, and others.

Adjoining the church is the residence of Samuel E. Lyon, Esq., a beautiful specimen of (he rural Gothic style ; the grounds surrounding it are in harmonious keeping with the scenery.

In the immediate vicinity lies the parsonage and glebe, at present occupied by the Rev. R, W. Harris, rector of the parish, who has for fourteen years past conducted a select boy's school, for English, classical, and religious education ; his chief object being to serve the church, by training a few of its youth in the old paths of filial obedience, patient industry, and Christian devotion.

Lyon, Esq., a beautiful specimen of (he rural Gothic style ; the grounds surrounding it are in harmonious keeping with the scenery.

In the immediate vicinity lies the parsonage and glebe, at present occupied by the Rev. R, W. Harris, rector of the parish, who has for fourteen years past conducted a select boy's school, for English, classical, and religious education ; his chief object being to serve the church, by training a few of its youth in the old paths of filial obedience, patient industry, and Christian devotion.

» As early as 1760, White Plains constituted one of the precincts of Rye parish, and paid a small sum annually towards the support of the Rector and poor. Her connection with Rye was dissolved in 1816.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 368

The spacious mansion of Minott Mitchell, Esq., occupies a commanding position on the west side of the village. This gentleman is the son of the Rev. Justus Mitchell, who graduated at Yale College in 1776, and married Martha Sherman, daughter of the Rev. Josiah Sherman^- and Martha Minott. b

The residence of J. W. Tompkins, Esq., nephew of the late Hon. Daniel D. Tompkins, forms a prominent object on the opposite side of the village.

In the main street are situated the female seminary of Mrs. Searles, and the White Plains Academy, of which Mr. J. M. Swin» burn is principal.

The Presbyterian Church, surrounded by locust trees, presents a pretty appearance upon entering White Plains from the north. It is a plain edifice of wood, with a tower of the same material, erected A. D. 1824.

Daniel D. Tompkins, forms a prominent object on the opposite side of the village.

In the main street are situated the female seminary of Mrs. Searles, and the White Plains Academy, of which Mr. J. M. Swin» burn is principal.

The Presbyterian Church, surrounded by locust trees, presents a pretty appearance upon entering White Plains from the north. It is a plain edifice of wood, with a tower of the same material, erected A. D. 1824.

The first notice of this church occurs in a deed from Moses Owen to Caleb Hyatt, .Tolin Turner, and Peter Hatfield, •= bearing date the 15th of Jime, 1751 : " For one acre and three roods of land, with Presbyterian Church thereon, for the sum of ten pounds. The land is the north-east corner of land formerly belonging to Abraham Smith, now in possession of Moses Owen, and bounded on the northerly side by the road leading to Bronx river," dec. The title is in fee simple, and without any conditions. Signed before Jacob Griffen and Caleb Griffen, and acknowledged before Samuel Purdy, January 9th, l7o2A

There is also a release (supposed to be much older than the preceding,) from the proprietors of an undivided piece of land, to be annexed to the burying ground, as follows:

" The undersigners, being such as have proprietors' rights in the While Plains, in the township of Rye, <Sj-c. whereas there is a small piece of undivided land lying on the north side of burying yard near the Presbyterian meeting

Signed before Jacob Griffen and Caleb Griffen, and acknowledged before Samuel Purdy, January 9th, l7o2A

There is also a release (supposed to be much older than the preceding,) from the proprietors of an undivided piece of land, to be annexed to the burying ground, as follows:

" The undersigners, being such as have proprietors' rights in the While Plains, in the township of Rye, <Sj-c. whereas there is a small piece of undivided land lying on the north side of burying yard near the Presbyterian meeting

*■ Mr. Sherman was a graduate of Yale College in 1765, and brother of the diss> tinguished Roger Sherman.

b Daughter of the Hon- James Minott by his secoijd wife Elizabeth Merrick, For account of the Minott family see Lemuel Shatiuck's Hist, of Concord, 379.

c These persons appear to have been trustees of the Presbyterian church.

d From the original iu the possession of the trustees, communicated by the Rev, Elias S. Schenck.

364 HISTORY OF THE

house, being willing that the said piece of undivided land, &c., we are willing that the same should be fenced in to with the burying yard, to be appropriated for the use ot a burying yard, to be under the entire government and management of the said congregation.

Eefore Jonathan G. Tompkins, _ Jonathan Purdy,

" David Horton,

Gabriel Lynch, Caleb Hyatt, Samuel Hunt."

From these docnmcnts it would appear that there was a Presbyterian church standing here someiime prior to 1751. The pastor at this period was the Rev. John S:nith, D. D., who served the Presbyterian churches of Rye and While Plains, and died in the year 1776, leaving flourishing congregations and commodious houses of worship in both places. His remains repose in the burying ground, near those of his wife and daughter, in the rear of the church.

From these docnmcnts it would appear that there was a Presbyterian church standing here someiime prior to 1751. The pastor at this period was the Rev. John S:nith, D. D., who served the Presbyterian churches of Rye and While Plains, and died in the year 1776, leaving flourishing congregations and commodious houses of worship in both places. His remains repose in the burying ground, near those of his wife and daughter, in the rear of the church. A plain head-stone marks the spot, and bears the following inscription under a rudely carved similitude of a cherub.

Here lie the remains of the Rev. John Smith, the first ordained minister^

of the Presbyterian persuasion in Rye

and the White Plains, who was born in

England, May 5, 1702, wore out with

various labours, and fell asleep in Jesus.

Deceased Feb'y 26, 1771, aged 68 years. 9

months, and 22 days.

By faith he lived, in faith he died, and faith

foresees a rising day when Jesus comes, while

hope assumes and boasts his joy among the

tombs. Oh death ! Oh grave ! where is thy victory.

" Thanks be to God that giveth us the

victory through our Lord Jesus Christ."

His brother was the Hon. William Smith. Lorenzo Sabine,

» Mr. Smith's name appears in the record of tho Synod in 1753 as minister of Pye.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 365

Esq., ill his very valuable work on American loyalists, says of this individual, " That he was chief justice and a member of the council of the colony, and considered to be in office in 17S2. His father, the Tlonorable William Smith, an eminent lawyer and judge of the supreme court, died in 1769. William Smith, the subject of this notice, graduated at Yale College in 1745. It appears, that he was at a loss as to the side which he should espouse in the controversy which preceded the Revolution, and that he made no choice until late in the war.

Esq., ill his very valuable work on American loyalists, says of this individual, " That he was chief justice and a member of the council of the colony, and considered to be in office in 17S2. His father, the Tlonorable William Smith, an eminent lawyer and judge of the supreme court, died in 1769. William Smith, the subject of this notice, graduated at Yale College in 1745. It appears, that he was at a loss as to the side which he should espouse in the controversy which preceded the Revolution, and that he made no choice until late in the war. It seems, also, that a number of other gentlemen of wealth and influence, who had wavered like himself, joined the royal cause about the same time, in 1778. It is believed that, at first, he opposed the claims of the ministry. However this may be, his final decision excited the remark of both the Whigs and the Loyalists. The former indulging their wit in verse, and calling him the * weathercock,' that 'could hardly tell which way to turn ;' and the latter noticing his adhesion in their correspondence. He settled in Canada, after the war, and was chief justice of that colony. He published a history of New York, which was continued by his son William."'^

In 1776, the Rev. Ichabod Lewis, twin brother of the venera-

» "This eloquent man," alluding to .Tudge Smith, " having been an adherent to th« royal cause in the Revolution, left the city of New York in 1783, with the British troops, and was afterwards rewarded by his sovereign with a high judiciary office at Quebec. Judge Smith, although thus removed from the place of his origin, always contemplated the politics of his native country with peculiar solicitude. One evening, in the year 1789, when Dr.

» "This eloquent man," alluding to .Tudge Smith, " having been an adherent to th« royal cause in the Revolution, left the city of New York in 1783, with the British troops, and was afterwards rewarded by his sovereign with a high judiciary office at Quebec. Judge Smith, although thus removed from the place of his origin, always contemplated the politics of his native country with peculiar solicitude. One evening, in the year 1789, when Dr. Mitchell was in Quebec, and passing the evening at the chief justice's house, the leading subject of conversation was the new Federal constitution, then under the consideration of the states, on the recommendation of the Convention which sat at Philadelphia, in 1787. Mr. Smith, who had been somewhat indisposed for several days, retired to his chamber with Mr. Grant, one of the members of the legislative council, at an early hour. In a short time Mr. Grant invited Dr. Mitchell, in Mr. Smith's name, to walk from the parlor into Mr. Smith's study, and sit with them. Mr. Mitchell was conducted to a sofa, and seated beside the chief justice, before whom on a table, was a large bundle of papers. Mr. Smith resumed the subject of American politics, and noticed his papers. After searching among them awhile, he unfolded a certain one, which he said was written about the time the colonial commotions grew violent, in 1775, and contained a plan, or system of government, sketched out by himself then, and which nearly resembled the constitution after-

Mitchell was conducted to a sofa, and seated beside the chief justice, before whom on a table, was a large bundle of papers. Mr. Smith resumed the subject of American politics, and noticed his papers. After searching among them awhile, he unfolded a certain one, which he said was written about the time the colonial commotions grew violent, in 1775, and contained a plan, or system of government, sketched out by himself then, and which nearly resembled the constitution after-

366 HISTORY OF THE

ble Isaac Lsvvis, of Horseneck, was ordained pastor of the united churches of White Plains and New Rochelle, by the Presbytery of Dutchess county. About 12 o'clock at night, on the 5th of November, 1776, the Presbyterian church, together with a quantity of timber designed for its enlargement, besides a number of other buildings, were set on fire by Major Osborne, of the Massachusetts line, (under General Glover,) for the purpose of preventing them from being used by the British troops, then in the neighb-^rhood, during the ensuing winter. These facts are fully proved by affidavits of witnesses now in possession of the trustees. After the burning of the church, the congregation gradually declined ; for the members, being mostly staunch Whigs, were obliged to retire north to avoid the depredations and assaults of British troops from New York. The Rev. Ichabod Lewis removed to Bedford, but similar circumstances constrained him to leave that place also for Salem, where he spent the remainder of his days, and lies interred. He left a legacy to the church at South Salem of one thousand dollars, the interest of which at present assists in supporting the pastor of that church. * From 1784 to 1821, the congregation enjoyed the privilege of occasional preaching. Upon the 13th of February, 1788, the church was incorporated under the title of the "Presbyterian Church in the White Plains," Jonathan G.

Ichabod Lewis removed to Bedford, but similar circumstances constrained him to leave that place also for Salem, where he spent the remainder of his days, and lies interred. He left a legacy to the church at South Salem of one thousand dollars, the interest of which at present assists in supporting the pastor of that church. * From 1784 to 1821, the congregation enjoyed the privilege of occasional preaching. Upon the 13th of February, 1788, the church was incorporated under the title of the "Presbyterian Church in the White Plains," Jonathan G. Tompkins, Richard Hatfield, Daniel Horton, Jacob Purdy, Nicholas Fisher and Robert Hart, trustees. b

During the years 182 L and 1822, the church was regularly supplied by the Rev. Thomas G. Smith, of the Reformed Dutch

wards proposed by the Federal Convention of the United States. He then read the contents. The piece was long and elaborate, and written with much beauty and spirit. ' This, sir,' added he, after finishing it, ' is a copy of a letter, which I sent to a member of Congress in 1775, who was an intimate friend of General AVashington. You may trace to this source the sentiments in favor of a more energetic government for your country, contained in the commander-in-chief's circular letters, and from this, there can be no doubt, that the citizens of all the states derive their leading traits for your new form of government.' " -- Lorenzo Sabine's Biographical Sketches of American Loyalists.

a Communicated to the author by the Rev. S. Schenck; since the completion of Lewisborough or South Salem. See vol. i. 268.

You may trace to this source the sentiments in favor of a more energetic government for your country, contained in the commander-in-chief's circular letters, and from this, there can be no doubt, that the citizens of all the states derive their leading traits for your new form of government.' " -- Lorenzo Sabine's Biographical Sketches of American Loyalists.

a Communicated to the author by the Rev. S. Schenck; since the completion of Lewisborough or South Salem. See vol. i. 268.

b Co. Rec. Religious Soc. Lib. A. 15.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 367

congregations of Tarrytown and Unionville, every second or third Sunday, for which he received a small pecuniary compensation. In the spring of 1823, the Rev. Marcus Harrison performed services, for a short period, as a domestic missionary, and was succeeded by the Rev. Mr. Ely, who officiated here and at Lower Greenburgh (Dobb's Ferry) about four months, under the direction of the Domestic Missionary Society of the city of New York. For the successors of Mr. Ely, see the subjoined hst of pastors.

On the 25th of April, 1824, the church was re-organized, and consisted of six communicants, viz. Isaac Hunt, David Palmer, Isaiah P. Palmer, Samuel Dixon, Mary Hart, (wife of Monmouth Hart,) and Elizabeth Mead, wife of Cyrus Mead. Isaac Hunt and David Palmer were ordained ruling elders.

The present house of worship was dedicated to the worship of God in June, 1825, on which occasion the dedication sermon was preached by the Rev. Mr. Rowan, of New York.

On the 25th of April, 1824, the church was re-organized, and consisted of six communicants, viz. Isaac Hunt, David Palmer, Isaiah P. Palmer, Samuel Dixon, Mary Hart, (wife of Monmouth Hart,) and Elizabeth Mead, wife of Cyrus Mead. Isaac Hunt and David Palmer were ordained ruling elders.

The present house of worship was dedicated to the worship of God in June, 1825, on which occasion the dedication sermon was preached by the Rev. Mr. Rowan, of New York.

A LIST OF PASTORS AND SUPPLIES OF THE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH OF WHITE PLAINS.

Install, or Call. Pastors. Vacated by.

A. D. 1753, Rev. John Smith, D. D., death.

" 1776, " Ichabod Lewis, resig.

" 1821, " Thomas G. Smith, supply, do.

" 1823, " Marcus Harrison, do, do.

" 1823, " Mr. Ely, do. do.

Oct'r, 1823, " Samuel Robertson, pastor, do. \

A. D. 1825, '• Chester Long, do. do.

'• 1834. " John White, do. do.

" 1835, Edward Wright, do. do.

J'ne9, 1844, Elias S. Schenck, present pastor.

Church Memoranda.

1825, Communicants 6

1836, do. 34

1847, do. 35

This church is in connection with the Bedford Presbytery.

The following inscriptions are taken from monuments in the

graveyard : " Here lie the remains of Caleb Horton, who died

3(58 HISTORY OF THE

Aug. 24, 1770, aged 72 years." " Mary, wife of Michael Chadderioii, born June 25, 1706, mar. 1727, and lived in that state 45 years ; ob. 1772." There are also numerous memorials to the families of Miller, Fisher, Varian,Purdy and Tompkins, and the vault of William and Isabella Pirnie. The remains of a British officer, who fell at the battle of White Plains, were interred in the southwest corner of this yard.

3(58 HISTORY OF THE

Aug. 24, 1770, aged 72 years." " Mary, wife of Michael Chadderioii, born June 25, 1706, mar. 1727, and lived in that state 45 years ; ob. 1772." There are also numerous memorials to the families of Miller, Fisher, Varian,Purdy and Tompkins, and the vault of William and Isabella Pirnie. The remains of a British officer, who fell at the battle of White Plains, were interred in the southwest corner of this yard.

The Methodist Episcopal church occupies a beautiful position at the north end of the village. This society was first incorporated upon the 12ih of August, 1795, -- ^" Elijah Crawford, John Lynch, Nicholas Fisher, Abraham Miller, Azariah Horton and Abraham Davids, trustees."'^

West Wliite Plains, immediately contiguous to tiie village, is situated on the line of the Westchester and Haarlem Railroad. It contains a depot, a store, and a ievj dwellings.

The Oraicapuni hotel, adjoining the depot, is a handsome Elizabethian structure, under the superintendence of Mr. Isaac Smith, who has admirable accommodations, and provides excellent entertainments at fifteen minutes notice. Strangers visiting the town may enjoy every comfort here, and fishing parties to Rye pond, will find it their most convenient stopping place. Gentlemen fond of the amusement of angling, can also wet their lines in the Bronx, hard by, where good trout are frequently taken. Directly in front of the hotel, rises " Old Chatterton^'' the battle field of 1776.

The following account of themilitary quarters in this town and its vicinity, in October, 1776, is from the address of J. W. Tompkins, Esq., delivered at White Plains on the 28th of Oct., 1845.

Strangers visiting the town may enjoy every comfort here, and fishing parties to Rye pond, will find it their most convenient stopping place. Gentlemen fond of the amusement of angling, can also wet their lines in the Bronx, hard by, where good trout are frequently taken. Directly in front of the hotel, rises " Old Chatterton^'' the battle field of 1776.

The following account of themilitary quarters in this town and its vicinity, in October, 1776, is from the address of J. W. Tompkins, Esq., delivered at White Plains on the 28th of Oct., 1845.

"The county of Westchester, at the commencement of the Revolution, contained a multitude of hardy yeomen inured to toil, whose ancestry had fled from oppression abroad, and in the enjoyment of greater freedom in ihe colony, had imbibed an ardent love of liberty. When the star of Independence arose in the east, they were ready to follow its lead ; and when New York, in 1776, was threatened with invasion, they flocked with alacrity to its defence. When the battle of Long Island turned the tide of war against us, they still adhered to the American army, contending every inch of ground

« Co. Rec. Religious Soc Lib. A. 50. See Lib. B. 23, 25, 26, 53-

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. . 369

to Harlem, thence to King's bridge, and through the southern part of Westchester to White Plains, where Gen. Washington again determined to entrench himself and make another stand against an overwhelming force of the choicest British troops, flushed with victory and confident of success. A brief account of the movements of the two armies to this place, and of their operations here, it is my purpose to give."

B. 23, 25, 26, 53-

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. . 369

to Harlem, thence to King's bridge, and through the southern part of Westchester to White Plains, where Gen. Washington again determined to entrench himself and make another stand against an overwhelming force of the choicest British troops, flushed with victory and confident of success. A brief account of the movements of the two armies to this place, and of their operations here, it is my purpose to give."

" The city of New York was selected by the English as the centre of their military operations, with the view of commanding the North river and acting in conjunction with a force from Canada, descending through Lake Champlain, thus securing the Colonies. Their march into Westchester county was designed to obtain command of the two principal routes leading to New England, one through Rye and the other by the way of Bedford, and thereby cut off the American army from its supplies, principally derived from the East, and obtain the rear of General Washington's army, and force him to a general battle, or to a precipitate retreat. But Washington penetrated their intentions, and conducted his forces northward from King's bridge with great skill, moving in a line parallel with the British, a little in advance of them, facing them constantly, with the Bronx in his front, which was fortified at every assailable point.

On the 13lh of October, '76, a portion of the British army, consisting of the Guard, Light Infantry reserve, and Count Dunop's Corps landed at Throg'a Neck, and on the night of that day, Col. William Smith (then a Lieutenanf) with a Corporal's guard, broke down the bridge connecting the neck with Westchester town, and left Sir William Howe upon an Island. On the IGth and 17th of October, the English forces at Throg's Neck were augmented by the 1st, 2nd and 6th Brigades crossing from Long Island, and by the 3d Hessian battalion from New York.

On the 13lh of October, '76, a portion of the British army, consisting of the Guard, Light Infantry reserve, and Count Dunop's Corps landed at Throg'a Neck, and on the night of that day, Col. William Smith (then a Lieutenanf) with a Corporal's guard, broke down the bridge connecting the neck with Westchester town, and left Sir William Howe upon an Island. On the IGth and 17th of October, the English forces at Throg's Neck were augmented by the 1st, 2nd and 6th Brigades crossing from Long Island, and by the 3d Hessian battalion from New York. On the 18th, the whole British army crossed to Pelham Point, and marching northerly, encamped the same night on the high ground between Hutchinson's river and New Rochelle village, where it remained till the 21st. On the 21st, the British removed and encamped on New Rochelle heights, north of the Village, and on both sides of the road leading to Scarsdale. This camp was broken up on the 25lh, and the A rmy moved forward to a position upon the high grounds in Scarsdale, in the vicinity of the late John Bennett's farm, and there remained till the morning of the 28tli of October.

General Washington during that time had not remained inactive -- as early as the 11th of Ocu.'ber, a part of his army crossed from Harlem heights, reached White Plains on the 12lh, and commenced erecting fortifications, and on the 22d General Washington, leaving his head-quarters at Fort Washington, established them at A^alentine's hill, whence they were removed to White Plains on the 23d.

This camp was broken up on the 25lh, and the A rmy moved forward to a position upon the high grounds in Scarsdale, in the vicinity of the late John Bennett's farm, and there remained till the morning of the 28tli of October.

General Washington during that time had not remained inactive -- as early as the 11th of Ocu.'ber, a part of his army crossed from Harlem heights, reached White Plains on the 12lh, and commenced erecting fortifications, and on the 22d General Washington, leaving his head-quarters at Fort Washington, established them at A^alentine's hill, whence they were removed to White Plains on the 23d.

" The entrenchments at White Plains were erected under the directions of a French engineer, and consisted of a square fort of sods in the main street with breastworks on each side running westerly over the south side of Purdy's Vol. II. 47

370 ' HISTORY OF THE

hill to ihe Bronx, and easterly across the hills to Horton's pond. When the English aiincked Chalterlun's hill on the 28lh, they were unfinished, but during the night of ihe 28ih and S'Jlh of Ociober they were raised and strengthened, being only intended for tenfiporary use until ihe position above Abraham Miller's in Northcastle could be fortified, which was done, and to which the American army afterwards retired.

"General Howe committed a great mistake in not attacking General Washington's fortificaiions in White Plains on the 28ih instead of Chalterton's hill. He gained nothmg in taking that hill. After the works at Wliite Plains were comijleied, great loss to Howe's army must have attended their capture, and Washington's new position (above Mr. Miller's) appears to have been regarded as impregnable. Washington's policy at this time was, as he expressed it, ' to enirer.ch and fight with the spade and mattock.^ The experience at Bunker's hill had made the English cautious in attacking Americans behind entrenchments.»

"General Howe committed a great mistake in not attacking General Washington's fortificaiions in White Plains on the 28ih instead of Chalterton's hill. He gained nothmg in taking that hill. After the works at Wliite Plains were comijleied, great loss to Howe's army must have attended their capture, and Washington's new position (above Mr. Miller's) appears to have been regarded as impregnable. Washington's policy at this time was, as he expressed it, ' to enirer.ch and fight with the spade and mattock.^ The experience at Bunker's hill had made the English cautious in attacking Americans behind entrenchments.»

" During the march of the two armies to White Plains frequent skirmishes occurred. On the 18ih, the vanguard of the British army were attacked by a detachment under General Sullivan, and the fight which ensued (near the road reaching from New Rochelle) has been always represented as very creditable to the Americans."

"On the 21st, Colonel Rogers, a celebrated partisan ofllcer in the French war, had accepted a command in the English service, and lay at Mamaroneck. An attack upon him was planned i)y Lord Sterling, and executed by a force under the command of Col. Haslet of the Delaware regiment. Rogers was completely surprised ; seventy or eighty of his men were killed or made prisoners, and a considerable quantity of arms, ammunition and clothing taken by the Americans. On the 23d of October, a spirited skirmish took place between Hand's Pennsylvania riflemen and a detachment of Hessian chasseurs, about 240 strong, in which the Hessians were routed. These harassing encounters of the Americans (attended invariably with success) tended to delay the advance of the British and lo make them cautious, while it cheered the desponding courage of the American soldiers, and above all, gave General Washington time to remove his stores and entrench himself where no army dare assail him.

On the 23d of October, a spirited skirmish took place between Hand's Pennsylvania riflemen and a detachment of Hessian chasseurs, about 240 strong, in which the Hessians were routed. These harassing encounters of the Americans (attended invariably with success) tended to delay the advance of the British and lo make them cautious, while it cheered the desponding courage of the American soldiers, and above all, gave General Washington time to remove his stores and entrench himself where no army dare assail him.

" On the morning of the 28th of October, the British army marched from their camp in two columns -- the right commanded by General Clinton, the lefi by De Heisler, and came in sight of the American forces about 10 o'clock.

» " General George Clinton, in a postscript to a friend, writing from Washington's entrenchment on the night of the 20th October, says: 'Love to Mrs. Clinton-- tell her I write from an entrenchment. The British forces are in sight, and we shall probably have battle to-morrow -- tell her to entertain no fears for my safety.' " -- Mr. To7npkins's Address.

-: ' COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 371

On the 27th of October, two militia regiments had been sent over to tlirow up entrenchments on Chalterfon hill, and on the morning of the 28th, General Washington ordered Col. Haslet to take command of the hill, having under his command his own (the Delaware) Regiment, the Militia, and part of the Maryland troops. General McDougal soon followed him and took the command. Col. Haslet says the enemy in the first place moved towards the fortifications in the village -- they then halted -- itie general ofiicers had a council of war on horseback in the wheat-fields, and the result was that their forces inclined towards the Bronx.

Haslet to take command of the hill, having under his command his own (the Delaware) Regiment, the Militia, and part of the Maryland troops. General McDougal soon followed him and took the command. Col. Haslet says the enemy in the first place moved towards the fortifications in the village -- they then halted -- itie general ofiicers had a council of war on horseback in the wheat-fields, and the result was that their forces inclined towards the Bronx. Fifteen or twenty pieces of artillery were placed upon the high ground opposite the hill, and commenced a furious cannonade upon McDougal's forces, under cover of which fire the British buik a bridge over the Bronx and prepared to cross.

" Gen. McDougal placed two field pieces upon a ledge of table-rock, which did great execution among the British artificers and soldiers. So soon as the bridge would admit their crossing, they rushed forward and attempted to Xake the two pieces by a charge up the hill -- these two cannon were in charge of the late Alexander Hamilton, (then a captain of artillery,) and never did officers or men do better execution. When upon the spot in after years, describing it io a youthful friend, he was heard to say, 'For three successive discharges the advancing column of British troops was swept from hill-top to river.' The British finding this table rock inaccessible, inclined to the left down the river, and joined the troops u«der General Rahl, which had crossed about a quarter of a mile below.

So soon as the bridge would admit their crossing, they rushed forward and attempted to Xake the two pieces by a charge up the hill -- these two cannon were in charge of the late Alexander Hamilton, (then a captain of artillery,) and never did officers or men do better execution. When upon the spot in after years, describing it io a youthful friend, he was heard to say, 'For three successive discharges the advancing column of British troops was swept from hill-top to river.' The British finding this table rock inaccessible, inclined to the left down the river, and joined the troops u«der General Rahl, which had crossed about a quarter of a mile below.

" They now attacked McDougal and attempted to turn his right flank. He retreated, but contested the ground all the way up to the suinmit of the hill, making a stand at every favorable point. At length the British cavalry gained the crest of the hill, and charijing, cut to pieces the militia on McDougal's right. The last stand was made by the Americans behind a fence at the top of the hill, where the Delaware regiment and part of McDougal's brigade, twice repulsed the British Light Infantry and C:ivalry. At length compelled to retreat, it was done in good order over the bridge at the foot of the hill under cov-er of some regiments detached by Washington fronti his main army. The militia and a few of the regulars were dispersed among ihe hills of Greenburgh, but soon returned to Head Quarters. The British forces engaged in that attack were the flower of the army, consisting of the second brigade of British, the 28th, 5th and 49th regiments, Rahl's battalion, the Hessian Grenadiers under Dunop, and a party of Light Dragoons, all commanded by General Leslie.

At length compelled to retreat, it was done in good order over the bridge at the foot of the hill under cov-er of some regiments detached by Washington fronti his main army. The militia and a few of the regulars were dispersed among ihe hills of Greenburgh, but soon returned to Head Quarters. The British forces engaged in that attack were the flower of the army, consisting of the second brigade of British, the 28th, 5th and 49th regiments, Rahl's battalion, the Hessian Grenadiers under Dunop, and a party of Light Dragoons, all commanded by General Leslie.

"That General Washington did inake a puccessful stand at this place has ever excited the wonder of military men. His trv)ops were greatly inferior in numbers and discipline, and composed in part of militia and raw recruits. After the battle the enemy for several days attempted to gain Washington's rear, tried to alarm him and induce him to retreat or fight by threatening his flanks. At several times they formed a semi-circle about him. On the night

372 HISTORY OF THE

of the 31st of October, Washington evacuated his camp al White Plains» and estabhshed his new position in the hills of Norlhcastle, about one mile in the rear of his former encampment, when ihe British appear to have relinquished all further offensive operations. At the advance of the British army to White Plains the Whig families were seen hurrying unprotected before them with thin clothing and a scanty supply of provisions to seek shelter for the coming winter, they knew not where. Desolation and famine marked that fair region over which the two armies passed. The English army finding all attempts to circumvent General Washington hopeless, broke up their camp at White Plains on the 5ih of November and retired to Dobb's Ferry, and from thence to King's Bridge, where they encamped on the 13lh of that month."

At the advance of the British army to White Plains the Whig families were seen hurrying unprotected before them with thin clothing and a scanty supply of provisions to seek shelter for the coming winter, they knew not where. Desolation and famine marked that fair region over which the two armies passed. The English army finding all attempts to circumvent General Washington hopeless, broke up their camp at White Plains on the 5ih of November and retired to Dobb's Ferry, and from thence to King's Bridge, where they encamped on the 13lh of that month."

"Thus ended in Westchester for the year '76 the movements of the British army ; but soon the inhabitants of the North were overrun by loyalists from Morrisania, and for a long time without protection were exposed to every danger and suffering. In short, till the peace of 1782, Westchester was the battle-ground of the disaffected, and the prey of both friend and foe. Scenes of cruelty and bloodshed unknown in civilized warfare, marked their partizan engagements, and in the defence of their homes her valiant sons exhibited frequent instances of personal bravery unexcelled in ancient or modern times. Among the most daring were the guides -- such men as Abraham Dijckman, Cornelius Oakley and John Odell. In the darkness of night they have often surprised and carried off captains, officers and men, under the guns of the British forts at Morrisania, or in small parties amused Itiemselves by beating up De Lancey's quarters. Frequent alarms had made them watchful of surprise and success rendered them reckless of danger, till they became the chosen leaders of each dangerous enterprise against the enemy."

Among the most daring were the guides -- such men as Abraham Dijckman, Cornelius Oakley and John Odell. In the darkness of night they have often surprised and carried off captains, officers and men, under the guns of the British forts at Morrisania, or in small parties amused Itiemselves by beating up De Lancey's quarters. Frequent alarms had made them watchful of surprise and success rendered them reckless of danger, till they became the chosen leaders of each dangerous enterprise against the enemy."

The following additional particulars respecting the engagement on Chatterton's hill are contaitied in General Heath's Memoirs.

27th of October, " In the forenoon, a heavy cannonade was heard towards Fort Washington. Tiiirteen Hessians and two or three British soldiers were sent in on this day. From the American camp to the west, south-west, there appeared to be a very commanding, height, worthy of attention. The Commander-in-Chief ordered the general officers who were off duty, to attend him to reconnoitre this ground, on this morning. When arrived at the ground, although very commanding, it did not appear so much so, as other grounds to

« At the east end of the village is still to be seen the remains of Washington's encampment. Of this nothing is left but a small portion of the embankment that runs partly across the street, on the surface of which rests a mutilated howitzer. Tliis relic of the past was disinterred near the spot it occupies.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 373

the north, and almost parallel with the left of the army, as it was then formed. " Yonder," says Major Gen. Lee, pointing to the grounds just mentioned, "is the ground we ought to occupy." " Let us then go and view it," replied the Commander-in-Chief. When on the way, a light horseman came up on full gallop, his horse almost out of hreath, and addressed Gen.

Tliis relic of the past was disinterred near the spot it occupies.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 373

the north, and almost parallel with the left of the army, as it was then formed. " Yonder," says Major Gen. Lee, pointing to the grounds just mentioned, "is the ground we ought to occupy." " Let us then go and view it," replied the Commander-in-Chief. When on the way, a light horseman came up on full gallop, his horse almost out of hreath, and addressed Gen. Washington -- " The British are in the camp, sir." Tiie General observed, " Gentlemen, we have now other business than reconnoitring," putting his horse in full gallop for the camp, and followed by the other officers. When arrived at head-quarters, the Adjutant-General, (Read,) who had remained at camp, informed the Commander-in-Chief, that the guards had been all beat in, and the whole American army were now at their respective posts, in order of battle. The Commander-in-Chief turned round to the officers, and only said, " Gentlemen, you will repair to your respective posts, and do the best you can." " Our general," (Heath,) " on arriving at his own division, found them all in the lines ; and, from the height of his post, found that the first attack was directed against the Americans on Chatterton's hill. The little river Bronx, which ran between the American right and this hill, after running round its north side, turned and ran down on the east and south-east. The British advanced in two columns. At this instant, the cannonade was brisk on both sides ; directed by the British across the hollow and Bronx, against the Americans on the hill, and by them returned. Almost at the same instant, the right column, composed of British troops, preceded by about twenty light horse in full gallop, and brandishing their swords, appeared on the road leading to the court-house, and now directly in the front of our General's division.

The British advanced in two columns. At this instant, the cannonade was brisk on both sides ; directed by the British across the hollow and Bronx, against the Americans on the hill, and by them returned. Almost at the same instant, the right column, composed of British troops, preceded by about twenty light horse in full gallop, and brandishing their swords, appeared on the road leading to the court-house, and now directly in the front of our General's division. The light-horse leaped the fence of a wheat field, at the foot of the hill, on which Col. Malcolm's regiment was posted, of which the light-horse were not aware until a shot from Lieut. Fenno's field-piece gave them notice by striking in the midst of them, and a horseman pitching from his horse. They then wheeled short about, galloped out of the field as fast as they came in, rode behind a little hill on the road, and faced about ; the tops of their caps only being visible to our General, where he stood. The column came no further up the road, but wheeled to I he left by platoons, as they came up ; and, passing through a bar, or gateway, directed their head towards the troops on Chatterton's hill, now engaged. When the head of the column had got nearly across the lot, their front got out of sight ; nor could the extent of their rear be now discovered. The sun shone bright, their arms glittered, and perhaps troops never were shown to more advantage, than these now appeared. The whole now halted ; and for a few minutes, the men all sat down in the same order in which they stood, no one appearing to move out of his place. The cannonade continued brisk across the Bronx.

When the head of the column had got nearly across the lot, their front got out of sight ; nor could the extent of their rear be now discovered. The sun shone bright, their arms glittered, and perhaps troops never were shown to more advantage, than these now appeared. The whole now halted ; and for a few minutes, the men all sat down in the same order in which they stood, no one appearing to move out of his place. The cannonade continued brisk across the Bronx. A part of the left column, composed of British and Hessians, forded the river, and marched alono- under the cover of the hill, until they had gained sufficient ground to the left of the Americans ; when, by facing to the left, their column became a line, parrallel

374 HISTORV OF THE

with the Americans. When they briskly ascended the hill,» the first column resumed a quick march. As the troops, which were advancing to the attack, ascended the hill, the cannonade on the side of the Brilish ceased; as their own men became exposed to their fire, if conlinued. The fire of small arms was now very heavy, and without any distinction of sounds. This led some American officers, who were looking on, to observe that the Brilish were worsted, as their cannon had ceased firing; but a few minutes evinced that the Americans were giving way. They moved off the hill in a great body, neither running, nor observing the best order. The British ascended the hill very slowly, and when arrived at its summit, formed and dressed their line, without the least attempt to pursue the Americans. The loss on the side of the Americans was inconsiderable. That of the British was not then known. The British army having got possession of this hill, it gave ihem a vast advantage of the American lines, almost down to the centre.''''

They moved off the hill in a great body, neither running, nor observing the best order. The British ascended the hill very slowly, and when arrived at its summit, formed and dressed their line, without the least attempt to pursue the Americans. The loss on the side of the Americans was inconsiderable. That of the British was not then known. The British army having got possession of this hill, it gave ihem a vast advantage of the American lines, almost down to the centre.''''

Botta, in his history of the American Revolution, says : "The loss of men in this action was great on the one part as well as on the other."c

Among the principal actors in this scene, upon the American side, may be enumerated, Generals Washington, Clinton, Mc- Dougal, Lee, Heath, Sterling, and Read, Colonels Haslet, Smallwood, Malcolm and Glover ; Majors Hand, Lee and Lieut. Fenno ; and the gallant Hamilton, captain of artillery, (fcc, 6cc. On the British side. Brigadier Generals Leslie, Knyphausen, Rahl, De Heister, and Matthews ; Lord Percy, Count Dunop, Colonel Ralle, Colonel Ritzema, and Major Rogers, (fcc, &c.

The following letter of General George Clinton, dated Camp, at the old Place near White Plains, Nov. 2d, 1776, to a friend, is copied from the journal of the Provincial Congress :

My Dear Sir : -- Your favours of the 30th and 3Ist ultimo, were left at my tent a few minutes since. Since iny last to you, dated the day before

Brigadier Generals Leslie, Knyphausen, Rahl, De Heister, and Matthews ; Lord Percy, Count Dunop, Colonel Ralle, Colonel Ritzema, and Major Rogers, (fcc, &c.

The following letter of General George Clinton, dated Camp, at the old Place near White Plains, Nov. 2d, 1776, to a friend, is copied from the journal of the Provincial Congress :

My Dear Sir : -- Your favours of the 30th and 3Ist ultimo, were left at my tent a few minutes since. Since iny last to you, dated the day before

» While the British were thus advancing up the hill, a shot struck one of the standard bearers dead. Warren de Lanccy, (then a boy 15 years of age,) instantly seized the colors, and rushing forward, was one of the first to gain the summit, where he planted ihem in the ground. For this act of bravery he afterwards received a cornet's commission (rom General Howe. -- Author.

b Heath's Mem. 76.

« The remains of those slain in the conflict, were interred in a hollow on the south-west side of Chatterton hill, near a hickory tree.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 375

yesterday, the centre and right wing of our army, having possessed themselves of the heights in their rear, north-east o( the road leading to Young's ; yesterday morning evacuated that part of our lines which passed through the

town, and south-east of N , and fell back on those heights ; firing all the

barns, hay and corn stacks in front. This induced the enemy to believe we had again retreated, and determined to take the advantage of our apparent fligiit, their army instantly moved forward into the part of our lines which were evacuated. This brought on a pretty brisk cannonade, though at too great a distance to do much execution. I lost one man, and had two wounded.

town, and south-east of N , and fell back on those heights ; firing all the

barns, hay and corn stacks in front. This induced the enemy to believe we had again retreated, and determined to take the advantage of our apparent fligiit, their army instantly moved forward into the part of our lines which were evacuated. This brought on a pretty brisk cannonade, though at too great a distance to do much execution. I lost one man, and had two wounded. I have heard of no other injury done us. We are by the late movements now far advanced -- in front of course most exposed. The enemy retired to their former encampment in the evening, leaving strong advanced pickets, and working parties who are busily employed in erecting banks on the heights in and near the town. Deserters, (especially from the Queen's light dragoons,) come daily over to us ; and now and then our Rangers send in a straggling prisoner. Captain van Wick of my brigade, who, at his earnest desire, was appointed to a company of rangers, was the day before yesterday unfortunately killed. He went out in the morning with about 30 men, and fell in with about 100 of the enemy in a house not far distant from their lines -- charged them with spirit, gave them a brisk fire, but unfortunately, when loading his piece the second time, was shot in the head, and fell dead. His lieutenant shot down the man who killed his captain. The enemy fled ; our party brought off their captain, and yesterday evening I had him interred with the honors of war. He was a good man, and a valiant officer. Pray communicate this sad news to his widow, (to whom I would write, had I leisure,) in a manner that will least affect her.

He went out in the morning with about 30 men, and fell in with about 100 of the enemy in a house not far distant from their lines -- charged them with spirit, gave them a brisk fire, but unfortunately, when loading his piece the second time, was shot in the head, and fell dead. His lieutenant shot down the man who killed his captain. The enemy fled ; our party brought off their captain, and yesterday evening I had him interred with the honors of war. He was a good man, and a valiant officer. Pray communicate this sad news to his widow, (to whom I would write, had I leisure,) in a manner that will least affect her.

I know of no other news worth communicating you. Though in the camp, I am not acquainted with the disposition of our army. Some brigades to the norlh-east of us, in my humble opinion, are where they can do no good ; perhaps I am mistaken : I am not well acquainted with the country. I must beg an answer to my letter wherein I desired you to ask a favor of the Convention :

And am, with the utmost esteem.

Yours afiectionately,

George Clinton.

P. S. I need not ask you to forward the enclosed. I know jou will do it. Though I determined never to meddle with the disposition of officers, I cannot help recommending Colonel Duboys and his officers, who served in our army to the northward last year, to the Convention. Should they quit the army by any neglect, it will be a public loss. They are brave men and good officers, at least such of them as have joined our brigade."*

I need not ask you to forward the enclosed. I know jou will do it. Though I determined never to meddle with the disposition of officers, I cannot help recommending Colonel Duboys and his officers, who served in our army to the northward last year, to the Convention. Should they quit the army by any neglect, it will be a public loss. They are brave men and good officers, at least such of them as have joined our brigade."*

Journal of N Y. Prov. CongreiJS, vol ii. 317.

376 HISTORY OF THE

The head-quarters of Washington, while stationed here, were at a small farm house to the north of the village, situated amid a deep solitude of woods, surrounded by hills and wild romantic scenery. The following account of a visit paid to this spot, is taken from a newspaper printed at New York in 1845.

" \Yhen we entered the little room of Mr. Miller's' farm house, where that great and good man had resided, and where he resolved to try the hazard of a battle with a flushed and successful foe, we could not repress the enthusiasm, which the place and the moment and the memory inspired. We looked around with eagerness at each portion of the room on which his eye must have rested, we gazed through the small window panes through which he must have so often and so anxiously looked towards the enemy, and at the oldfashioned buffets where his table service was deposited for his accommodation. But little change has taken place in the building, and its amiable and patriotic inmates have shown their respect for the hero by placing on the walls his portrait and several representations of his last moments at Mount V^ernon."

We looked around with eagerness at each portion of the room on which his eye must have rested, we gazed through the small window panes through which he must have so often and so anxiously looked towards the enemy, and at the oldfashioned buffets where his table service was deposited for his accommodation. But little change has taken place in the building, and its amiable and patriotic inmates have shown their respect for the hero by placing on the walls his portrait and several representations of his last moments at Mount V^ernon."

In the north-east angle of this town lies "Willett's pond, a large and beautiful sheet of water, which falls into the Mamaroneck river. Its banks on the north-west side are very steep and the views from the summits of the surrounding hills are extremely fine. At the outlet of the pond is situated the grist mill and clothier works of Mr. Henry Willett.

The general surface of White Plains, "is somewhat hilly, but mostly arable ; soil, principally loam, well adapted to grass, and much of it highly cultivated."'^ The higher lands abound with good timber, which consists chiefly of oak, chestnut and hickory. There is perhaps no town in the county belter watered by rivers, brooks, and spring?.

* Mr. Elijiih Miller (who is since deceased,, was a soldier of the Revolution. b DistunieU'p Gazetteer, N. Y.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 377

YORKTOWN.

Wiiite Plains, distant forty-two miles from New York, and one hundred and seventeen from Albany, ''bounded north by Putnam county, east by Somers and New Castle, south by New Castle, and west by Cortlandt. Its length, north and south, ten miles, and it is nearly four miles wide.

There is perhaps no town in the county belter watered by rivers, brooks, and spring?.

* Mr. Elijiih Miller (who is since deceased,, was a soldier of the Revolution. b DistunieU'p Gazetteer, N. Y.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 377

YORKTOWN.

Wiiite Plains, distant forty-two miles from New York, and one hundred and seventeen from Albany, ''bounded north by Putnam county, east by Somers and New Castle, south by New Castle, and west by Cortlandt. Its length, north and south, ten miles, and it is nearly four miles wide.

Prior to 1788, Yorktown and Somers constituted the old township of Hanover, within Cortlandt's manor. »• A portion of the former early acquired the name of Gertrude's borough, in honor of Gertrude Beeckman, wife of Colonel Henry Beeckman, and one of the daughters and devisees of Stephanus van Cortlandt.

The Mohegan term Appa?naghpogh appears to iiave been applied to the whole Indian territory within the manor, west of Cortlandtown. The eastern section of Yorktown still bears the name of Afjiaioalk, probably an abbreviation and corruption of the former term, thus Appamaghpogh, Amag/ipogh, or Amawalk. The lands of Appa?nog/tpogh were originally granted to Stephamus van Cortlandt in 1(383, by the Indian sachems Pewemind, Oskewans, and others, as mentioned in our description of Somers, (fcc.

The principal aboriginal settlement in this part of Appamaghpogh occupied the summit of Indian hill, a vast height, wliich rises to an elevation of nearly six hundred feet above the northern margin of Lake Magrigaries, (Hollow Lake) situated in Jefferson valley. On the southern side of the hill lies the Indian burying -ground. The remains of several Indians have been lately disinterred near the residence of Dr. Fountain, whose property borders on the lake. Indian hill is also memorable as the last spot inhabited by a band of aborigines in Westchester

The principal aboriginal settlement in this part of Appamaghpogh occupied the summit of Indian hill, a vast height, wliich rises to an elevation of nearly six hundred feet above the northern margin of Lake Magrigaries, (Hollow Lake) situated in Jefferson valley. On the southern side of the hill lies the Indian burying -ground. The remains of several Indians have been lately disinterred near the residence of Dr. Fountain, whose property borders on the lake. Indian hill is also memorable as the last spot inhabited by a band of aborigines in Westchester

a The present townsliip was erected 7lli Marcli, 1788. Kev. Statutes, 486

Vol. 11. 48

378 HISTORY OF THE

county. On the eastern border of the town is situated the Indian cemetery of Amawalk.

Upon the partition of the manor of Cortlandt among the heirs of Stephanus van Cortlandt in the year 1734, the following allotments were made in this town.

North lot No. 2, Andrew Miller; ditto No. 3, Gertrude Beeckman ; ditto No. 4, Cornelia Schuyler and her husband, Col. John Schuyler. This gentleman was the father of the illustrious Gen. Philip Schuyler. Middle lot No. 2 and 3, Gertrude Verplanck ; ditto No. 4, Elizabeth Skinner ; south lot No. 1, bordering the Croton river, John Watts; ditto Nos. 4, 5, 6, 7, Philip Yerplank ; ditto No. 8, Gertrude Beeckman ; ditto No. 9. Susannah Warren. Subsequently the devisees and their heirs made other divisions,

A. U. 1784, Andrew Miller, sold to John Strang a farm in west range of north lot No. 2, consisting of 200 acres which he purchased of John Watts.

Middle lot No. 2 and 3, Gertrude Verplanck ; ditto No. 4, Elizabeth Skinner ; south lot No. 1, bordering the Croton river, John Watts; ditto Nos. 4, 5, 6, 7, Philip Yerplank ; ditto No. 8, Gertrude Beeckman ; ditto No. 9. Susannah Warren. Subsequently the devisees and their heirs made other divisions,

A. U. 1784, Andrew Miller, sold to John Strang a farm in west range of north lot No. 2, consisting of 200 acres which he purchased of John Watts.

Gertrude Beeckman bequeathed lot No. 8, south of the Croton to her two nephews Philip and William Ricketts van Cortlandt, as tenants in common in fee tail.

Stephen van Cortlandt with his wife Catalina Staats, in 1791 gave a release to Elvan Purdy, with the fee of a certain lot No. 3, heretofore called Gertrudd's horougli, being by division amongst the heirs of Stephen van Cortlandt, deceased, allotted to Gertrude, one of his daughters, late wife of Henry Beeckman, containing 15G acres.

The following receipts for rent prove the Purdys to have been tenants in common long prior to the above release. They also establish the early names of the town.

"Rec'd, Hanover, May ye lOih, 1760, by ye hand of Abraham Purdy, three pound in part for his farm rent and for the use of Col. Henry Beeckman, Esq., per me.

£3 0 0 "John Bryan."

" Received at Crompond, 16th Nov'r, 1786, per Mr. Elvan Purdy, one pound 135. in part of rent.

"Stephen van Cortlandt."

The following receipts for rent prove the Purdys to have been tenants in common long prior to the above release. They also establish the early names of the town.

"Rec'd, Hanover, May ye lOih, 1760, by ye hand of Abraham Purdy, three pound in part for his farm rent and for the use of Col. Henry Beeckman, Esq., per me.

£3 0 0 "John Bryan."

" Received at Crompond, 16th Nov'r, 1786, per Mr. Elvan Purdy, one pound 135. in part of rent.

"Stephen van Cortlandt."

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

"Received at Yorhtown, Nov. 7th, 1789, of Mr. Elvan Pardy, two pounds 19^. 9c?. in full of rent due.

■ ;._; .. - "Stephen van Cortlandt."

Crompond, the principal village in (his township, is situated on the high road leading from Somers to Peekskill ; it contains a Presbyterian and a Congregational church, a post office, a store, and several dwellings. The name is undoubtedly derived from the large pond that lies north-west of the village, which, from its peculiar shape, is sometimes called the crooked pond, crom denoting in the Dutch language, crooked. This beautiful sheet of water covers an area of 200 acres.

iircli, Crompond.

The Presbyterian Church is handsomely located on the highest ground of the village, commanding a fine view of the surrounding country ; it was built in 1799, on the site of an older edifice erected cir. 1738, and destroyed by fire in July, 1779. At the time of its destruction the old church appears to have been used as a store house by the Continental troops ; for, during the year 1839, a select committee appointed by Congress to investigate Revolutionary claims, reported " That Congress pay the Yorktown congregation the sum of three thousand five hundred dollars out of the first unappropriated funds, the government having occupied the church and parsonage as barracks and

The Presbyterian Church is handsomely located on the highest ground of the village, commanding a fine view of the surrounding country ; it was built in 1799, on the site of an older edifice erected cir. 1738, and destroyed by fire in July, 1779. At the time of its destruction the old church appears to have been used as a store house by the Continental troops ; for, during the year 1839, a select committee appointed by Congress to investigate Revolutionary claims, reported " That Congress pay the Yorktown congregation the sum of three thousand five hundred dollars out of the first unappropriated funds, the government having occupied the church and parsonage as barracks and

3B0:- " ' HISTORY OF THE

store houses during the Revolutionary war." This appropriation, however, was never made by Congress.

The present edifice^ is constructed of wood, presenting in front a lofty colonnade, above which rises a neat tower, finished ■with a rich cornice and pinnacles, in which is a large bell weighing over 6001bs., inscribed as follows : " Cast by J. H. Thompson, New York, 1833."

The Presbyterian church in this town, appears to have been first organized under the ministry of the Rev. Samuel Sackett, about 1740. Upon the 2nd of January, 1739, we find a deed for three acres of land given by Joseph Lane, Henry Beeckman and Gertrude his wife, unto John Hyatt, John Haight and David Travis, trustees for the first Presbyterian church, on which land tlie meeting house was erected (said three acres being part of two hundred and twenty acres leased to Joseph Lane for three lives, 25th March, 1737,) dated 2nd of January, 1739, according to the act of 1784 and the act of 1801."b

Upon the 2nd of January, 1739, we find a deed for three acres of land given by Joseph Lane, Henry Beeckman and Gertrude his wife, unto John Hyatt, John Haight and David Travis, trustees for the first Presbyterian church, on which land tlie meeting house was erected (said three acres being part of two hundred and twenty acres leased to Joseph Lane for three lives, 25th March, 1737,) dated 2nd of January, 1739, according to the act of 1784 and the act of 1801."b

On the 25th of May, 1781, it was incorporated under the name and title of the " First Presbyterian Society, upon the plan of the Church of Scotland." Aaron Furman, Gilbert Travis, Ebenezer White, Elijah Lee, Henry Strang and Gabriel Carman, trustees, elected 3d of May, 1784. A re-incorporation of the same occurs on the 4th of March, 1806.^

LIST OF PASTORS AND SUPPLIES.

Instal or call. Pastors. Vacated by

Cir. 1740, Rev. Samuel Sackett, . death.

1785, Rev. Silas Constant, resignation.

- • IS07, Rev. Alexander Thompson, ditto.

1814, Rev. Asael Bronson, ditto.

Rev. Richard Wyncup, ditto.

Rev. Thomas G. Thompson, ditto.

•i Occemun the celebrated Indian preacher once addressed a crowded audience from tiie pulpit of this church.

b Co. Rec. Religious Soc. Lib. A. 83.

' Co. Rec. Rehgious Soc. Lib. A. 77, 79, 81, 83, 147.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 381

Rev. Peter Lockwood, supply.

Rev. William Marshall, do.

Rev. John Iieggett, do.

Rev. D. M. Halliday, do.

Rev. Robert Thompson, pastor, resig.

Asael Bronson, ditto.

Rev. Richard Wyncup, ditto.

Rev. Thomas G. Thompson, ditto.

•i Occemun the celebrated Indian preacher once addressed a crowded audience from tiie pulpit of this church.

b Co. Rec. Religious Soc. Lib. A. 83.

' Co. Rec. Rehgious Soc. Lib. A. 77, 79, 81, 83, 147.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 381

Rev. Peter Lockwood, supply.

Rev. William Marshall, do.

Rev. John Iieggett, do.

Rev. D. M. Halliday, do.

Rev. Robert Thompson, pastor, resig.

1847, Rev. Matthew T. Adams, present pastor.

Church Memoranda.

1826, Communicants, 54, Baptisms, 19.

1836, ditto, . 33, ditto, 1.

1816, ditto, 65, ditto, 0.

This society is in communion with the Bedford Presbytery. In the grave yard adjoining the church, are buried the remains of the

Rev. Samuel Sackett, who died June 5th, 1784. He was a judicious, faithful, laborious and successful minister of Christ. Thrice blest departed spirit thou art free From the toils of mortality. The monument of his son is inscribed as follows : " Here lyes the body of Joseph Sackett, born April 18lh, 1735, and departed this life, December, 1757."

" Behold all ye that now pass by," As you are now, so once was I, As I am now, so you must be, Prepare for death and follow me. There are also monuments to Captain Samuel Sackett, Deacon Knapp and others. In the south-east corner of the yard, lie the mortal remains of Colonel Green, the hero of the Red hank, and Major Flagg his brave companion in arms, both of whom fell by the hands of cruel treachery, on the morning of the 14th of May, 1781. But where shall we look for a monument or even a stone to mark the spot where these brave patriots lie pillowed in the dust? When will justice be rendered to the memory of the brave and illustrious dead who fell in the noble cause of freedom?

In the south-east corner of the yard, lie the mortal remains of Colonel Green, the hero of the Red hank, and Major Flagg his brave companion in arms, both of whom fell by the hands of cruel treachery, on the morning of the 14th of May, 1781. But where shall we look for a monument or even a stone to mark the spot where these brave patriots lie pillowed in the dust? When will justice be rendered to the memory of the brave and illustrious dead who fell in the noble cause of freedom?

■m^' -■ HISTORY OF THE

The parsonage is situated at a short distance from the church and stands on the site of the old building which was occupied for some time, during the Revolution, by the Yorktown Committee of Public Safety. Here that tribunal transacted business, disarmed the disaffected, 'i- and punished the incorrigible. Here also a Convention of Congress assembled for the purpose of distributing commissions to those officers who were empowered to raise the militia.

For the destruction of this obnoxious post, Colonel Robertson obtained of the English governor, a special order and the command of a regiment. From New York, he appears to have proceeded by water to Peekskill, wliere he landed, swearing he would burn up the d -- d committee house, and guided by a spy, named Caleb Morgan, marched to Crompond, where he burnt the pirsonage, then used as a store house and arsenal.

Upon the departure of the British troops, the continental guard took possession of the church.

For the destruction of this obnoxious post, Colonel Robertson obtained of the English governor, a special order and the command of a regiment. From New York, he appears to have proceeded by water to Peekskill, wliere he landed, swearing he would burn up the d -- d committee house, and guided by a spy, named Caleb Morgan, marched to Crompond, where he burnt the pirsonage, then used as a store house and arsenal.

Upon the departure of the British troops, the continental guard took possession of the church.

Episcopal services appear to have been occasionally performed in this village, as we find the Rev. Mr. Dibble in company with Mr. St. George Talbot, officiating here in 1762. The following year Mr. Dibble was succeeded by the Rev. Mr. Punderson of Rye.

The Congregational society in this town, v/as first formed during the ministry of the Rev. Silas Constant. The church which had before been Presbyterian, gradually assumed the Congregational form of government.

In 17S7, Dr. Elias Cornelius and Mr. Benjamin Haight, were chosen deacons. En 1790, a part of the members withdrew by mutual consent, and formed a new church at Red Mills. About the year 1806, a division occurred in the church, when more than two thirds of her members adhered to Mr. Constant, and maintained the Congregational mode of worship, the remainder resumed the Presbyterian form. . . -.

" The Loyalists of Corllandi's manor were disarmed by Zephaniali Piatt and others, aided by GOO Connecticut troops, daring the winter of 1776.

En 1790, a part of the members withdrew by mutual consent, and formed a new church at Red Mills. About the year 1806, a division occurred in the church, when more than two thirds of her members adhered to Mr. Constant, and maintained the Congregational mode of worship, the remainder resumed the Presbyterian form. . . -.

" The Loyalists of Corllandi's manor were disarmed by Zephaniali Piatt and others, aided by GOO Connecticut troops, daring the winter of 1776.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 383

In 1816, a number of members harmoniously left this society and formed a church at Peekskill,

From the time of BIr. Constant's death, to 1832, this church received stated supplies from the Rev. Daniel Jones and the late Rev. Griffeth H. Griffeth ; subsequently the Rev. William Albert Hyde was ordained pastor. The present minister is the Rev. J. B Loring. The Congregational church was incorporated by the name of " the First Congregational Church and Society at Yorktown." It is at present in connection with the Connecticut association, and numbers 70 communicants. Among other monuments in the grave yard, is the following :

• In

memory of

the Rev.

Silas Constant,

who departed this life

March 22, 1825, aged 75 years, 2 mo. - ,

and 7 days.

The Friends meeting house is situated at a short distance from the village of Crompond, and stands on land jointly given by John Clapp and Joseph Waters, in 1774.

The following is a brief abstract of the conveyance :

Among other monuments in the grave yard, is the following :

• In

memory of

the Rev.

Silas Constant,

who departed this life

March 22, 1825, aged 75 years, 2 mo. - ,

and 7 days.

The Friends meeting house is situated at a short distance from the village of Crompond, and stands on land jointly given by John Clapp and Joseph Waters, in 1774.

The following is a brief abstract of the conveyance :

" John Clapp of Greenwich, and Joseph "Waters of Cortlandt manor, of the first part, convey to John Grifiin, John Cromwell, John Cornell, Uriah Field and Thomas Clapp, of the second part, all that tract of land being in Amawalk, in Cortlandt manor, consisting of 2 acres lying and being in the north-east corner of great lot No. 4. Dated 12 day of October, 1774.

The Methodist Episcopal society of Yorktown, was first incorporated upon the 13th of August, 1792, Timothy Oakley, John Oakley, Solomon Fowler, James Haden, Thomas Kirkham and

38-1^** ' HISTORY OF THE

Jacob Badeau, trustees.!^ A Baptist society was incorporated on the 27th of April, 1793, Reuben Garrison, John Tompkins and Amos Lane, trustees^

Directly opposite the Presbyterian church at Crompond, stands the residence of the late Alvan Purdy, Esq., who, during the revolutionary war, held a Lieutenancy in Capt. Heddy's Company of Miliiia, belonging to the regiment of Col. Samuel Drake. Alvan Purdy, was the son of Abraham Purdy, Esq., for many years a Lieutenant of Militia for the Manor of Cortlandt. This individual erected the present mansion, A. D. 1775. The Purdy's have long been possessed of estates in this town, and are lineally descended from the Purdys of Rye and White Plains. Of this family was Joseph Purdy, one of the proprietors of the White Plains and the Lame Will's purchase in Rye, A.

Alvan Purdy, was the son of Abraham Purdy, Esq., for many years a Lieutenant of Militia for the Manor of Cortlandt. This individual erected the present mansion, A. D. 1775. The Purdy's have long been possessed of estates in this town, and are lineally descended from the Purdys of Rye and White Plains. Of this family was Joseph Purdy, one of the proprietors of the White Plains and the Lame Will's purchase in Rye, A. D., 1678. The surviving sons of the late Lieut. Alvan Purdy, are Abraham, of Goshen county, James, post master of Yorktown, and Alvan, proprietor of the homestead.

In the vicinity of Crompond and bordering on King street is the residence of the Hon. Henry White one of the judges of the late Court of Common Pleas in this county. Judge White is the son of Ebenezer White, M. D., by his wife Helena Bartow, and grandson of the Rev. Ebenezer White of Southampton Long Island. Dr. White of Yorktown through the whole course of the Revolution sustained the character of a patriot, with that devotion and firmness which characterised the many at that eventful period of our history. It appears that the enemy made several unsuccessful attempts to capture this distinguished individual. On one occasion they were desirous of exchanging the doctor for a British surgeon then in the hands of the Americans. To efiect his surprisal a large party of Light Horse were despatched to Crompond, with strict orders to surround his dwelling and make him prisoner. Some kind friend however, gave the doctor timely warning which enabled him to escape.

White of Yorktown through the whole course of the Revolution sustained the character of a patriot, with that devotion and firmness which characterised the many at that eventful period of our history. It appears that the enemy made several unsuccessful attempts to capture this distinguished individual. On one occasion they were desirous of exchanging the doctor for a British surgeon then in the hands of the Americans. To efiect his surprisal a large party of Light Horse were despatched to Crompond, with strict orders to surround his dwelling and make him prisoner. Some kind friend however, gave the doctor timely warning which enabled him to escape.

a Co. Rec. Religious See. Lib. A. 34. For re-iucorporation, see pages 163, 175, &.C. b Ibid. Lib. A. 40. For re-iu-orporation, see page 93.

To face page 385, Vol. !i.

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COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. • ^^- 385

As a substitute they seized upon Dr. James Brewer, who resided in the immediate neighborhood, and were proceeding home with their prisoner, when passing through Stoney street they were fired upon by a party of Americans, who lay concealed behind the fences. Dr. Brewer received a mortal wound and expired the next morning, Nov. 20, 1780, in the arms of Dr. White who had thus narrowly escaped the melancholy fate of his friend. It deserves to be mentioned that he was the only one wounded of the party. Dr. Brewer who thus perished at the early age of thirty-nine, was a native of Massachusetts and left by his wife Hannah Brewer four sons and three daughters.

James Brewer, who resided in the immediate neighborhood, and were proceeding home with their prisoner, when passing through Stoney street they were fired upon by a party of Americans, who lay concealed behind the fences. Dr. Brewer received a mortal wound and expired the next morning, Nov. 20, 1780, in the arms of Dr. White who had thus narrowly escaped the melancholy fate of his friend. It deserves to be mentioned that he was the only one wounded of the party. Dr. Brewer who thus perished at the early age of thirty-nine, was a native of Massachusetts and left by his wife Hannah Brewer four sons and three daughters. His grandson is the present Dr. James Brewer of Peekskill.

Ebenezer White M. D., died 8th day of March, 182-5, leavins: issue beside Henry above mentioned, Bartow, Dr. Ebenezer of Somerstown (for many years surrogate of the county, and a member of assembly) Lewis of Peoria, James, Theodosins of Somers, and a daughter Catharine.

In King street is also situated the residence of Major Thomas Strang asoldier of the Revolution. Major Strang is the son of Capt. Henry Strang who was the grandson of the worthy Huguenot Daniel L'Estrange and Charlotte his wile. From the genealogical table in possession of the Strangs of Putnam, it appeal s that Daniel L'Estrange and Charlotte his wife, (daughter of Francis Hurbert,) being protestants, fled from the city of Paris in the year of our Lord 16^5, during the persecutions under Louis the XIV., and came to the city of London. He obtainf^d a lieutenancy in the guards of James the 2d, King of Great Britain, and continued there until the year 1688, when with his wife he embarked for America in company with a number of French Protestants and arrived at the city of New York.

From the genealogical table in possession of the Strangs of Putnam, it appeal s that Daniel L'Estrange and Charlotte his wife, (daughter of Francis Hurbert,) being protestants, fled from the city of Paris in the year of our Lord 16^5, during the persecutions under Louis the XIV., and came to the city of London. He obtainf^d a lieutenancy in the guards of James the 2d, King of Great Britain, and continued there until the year 1688, when with his wife he embarked for America in company with a number of French Protestants and arrived at the city of New York. From thence he went to New Rochelle, and subsequently removed to Rye.'^ Daniel L'Es-

» The following tradition has been handed down in the family, that tlie abore Charlotte L'Estrange wishing to accompany her husband in his escape from France left her infant as a hostage in Paris, her enemies hoping by this artifice to insure her return, but taking ship the first opportunity she crossed the channel into England. During the bitter persecution that preceded their flight the family Bible wus concealed beneath the hearth stone.

Vol. II. 49

PEDIGREE OF THE STRANGS OF RYE

YORKTOWN.

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r- 1 1 ff fill ifi MMENMiWiN

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COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 385

As a substitute they seized upon Dr. James Brewer, who resided in the immediate neighborhood, and were proceeding home with their prisoner, when passing through Stoney street, they were fired upon by a party of Americans, who lay concealed behind the fences. Dr. Brewer received a mortal wound and expired the next morning, Nov. 20, 1780, in the arms of Dr. White who had thus narrowly escaped the melancholy fate of his friend.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 385

As a substitute they seized upon Dr. James Brewer, who resided in the immediate neighborhood, and were proceeding home with their prisoner, when passing through Stoney street, they were fired upon by a party of Americans, who lay concealed behind the fences. Dr. Brewer received a mortal wound and expired the next morning, Nov. 20, 1780, in the arms of Dr. White who had thus narrowly escaped the melancholy fate of his friend. It deserves to be mentioned that he was the only one wounded of the party. Dr. Brewer who thus perished at the early age of thirty-nine, was a native of Massachusetts and left by his wife Hannah Brewer four sons and three daughters. His grandson is the present Dr. .Tames Brewer of Peekskill.

Ebenezer White M. D., died 8th day of March, 182.5, leaving issue beside Henry above mentioned, Bartow, Dr. Ebenezer of Somerstown (for many years surrogate of the county, and a member of assembly) Lewis of Peoria, James, Theodosius of Somers, and a daughter Catharine.

In King street is also situated the residence of Major Thomas Strang asoldier of the Revolution. Major Strang is the son of Capt. Henry Strang who was the grandson of the worthy Huguenot Daniel L'Estrange and Charlotte his wile. From the genealogical table in possession of the Strangs of Putnam, it appeal s that Daniel L'Estrange and Charlotte his wife, (daughter of Francis Hurbert,) being protestants, fled from the city of Paris in the year of our Lord 16y5, dtu'ing the persecutions under Louis the XIV., and came to the city of London. He obtained a lieutenancy in the guards of James the 2d, King of Great Britain, and continued there until the year 1688, when with his wife he embarked for America in company with a number of French Protestants and arrived at the city of New York.

From the genealogical table in possession of the Strangs of Putnam, it appeal s that Daniel L'Estrange and Charlotte his wife, (daughter of Francis Hurbert,) being protestants, fled from the city of Paris in the year of our Lord 16y5, dtu'ing the persecutions under Louis the XIV., and came to the city of London. He obtained a lieutenancy in the guards of James the 2d, King of Great Britain, and continued there until the year 1688, when with his wife he embarked for America in company with a number of French Protestants and arrived at the city of New York. From thence he went to New Rochelle, and subsequently removed to Rye. 'i Daniel L'Esa The following tradition has been handed down in the family, that tiie above Charlotte L'Estrange wishing to accompany her husband in his escape from France left her infant as a hostage in Paris, her enemies hoping by this artifice to insure her return, but taking ship the first opportunity she crossed the channel into England. During the bitter persecution that preceded their flight the family Bible was concealed beneath the hearth stone.

Vol. II. 49

386 HISTORY OF THE

trnnf^e who wns born in the city of Pnris A. D. 1656, died at Rye ill this county A. D. 1703. His will bears date the same year. The laie Major Joseph Strang, uncle of the prcspnt proprietor, greatly distinguished himself in the batteaux service during the old Frencli war.

In the same street fornierly resided Susannah de Lancey,a daughter of Etienne de L-mcey Esq., and Anne Van Cortlandt his wife. Her house during the Revolution afforded an asyhim for the persecuted, who found here a safe protection from their enemies.

D. 1656, died at Rye ill this county A. D. 1703. His will bears date the same year. The laie Major Joseph Strang, uncle of the prcspnt proprietor, greatly distinguished himself in the batteaux service during the old Frencli war.

In the same street fornierly resided Susannah de Lancey,a daughter of Etienne de L-mcey Esq., and Anne Van Cortlandt his wife. Her house during the Revolution afforded an asyhim for the persecuted, who found here a safe protection from their enemies.

Near the main road leading from Crompond to Somers is situated the estate and residence of Robert Lee Esq., for many years one of the leading members of the bar in this county. Mr. Lee is the youngest son of John Lee of Yorktown, whose grandfailier William Lee emigrated to this country in 1675, from Nottingham, England.

The village of Crompond and its immediate neighborhood appears to have been greatly harrassed during the revolutionary troubles by frequent forays of the enemy. Before the morning of the 21lh of June, 1779, (says General Heath,) about 200 of the enemy's light horse catue up as far as Crompond, surprised two militia pickets, killed and took prisoners nearly 30 men. About 130 ligiit infantry of the enemy at the same time, came out from Verplank's Point, made an excursion round and then returned.'' Upon another occasion the Continental troops having stacked their arms in the church, then used as an Arsenal, were engaged at breakfast when the enemy made a sudden and furious onset, capturing and killing some and compelling others to seek safety in flight. Among the latter was Bot Lent who fled down King street closely pursued by two of ths British light horse. After following the road some distance Lent took to the woods, when his enemies gave up the pursuit.

About 130 ligiit infantry of the enemy at the same time, came out from Verplank's Point, made an excursion round and then returned.'' Upon another occasion the Continental troops having stacked their arms in the church, then used as an Arsenal, were engaged at breakfast when the enemy made a sudden and furious onset, capturing and killing some and compelling others to seek safety in flight. Among the latter was Bot Lent who fled down King street closely pursued by two of ths British light horse. After following the road some distance Lent took to the woods, when his enemies gave up the pursuit. They had scarcely, however,

a The remains of tliis lady repose in ttie Presbyterian graveyard, adjoining those ©f Mrs. Deborah Peck. Communicated to the Editor by Major Thomas Strang, b Heath's Mem. 206.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 387

turned tiieir backs, than he raised his rifle and fired at the nearest. The shot must have taken effect for his comrade was afterwards seen dragging him down the road covered with blood. Major Strang, who happened to be miserably mounted, was also pursued down the same street and narrowly escaped by jumping from his horse.

It seems from the following letter that timely notice was occasionally given of the enemy's approach.

Hanover. Saturday Morning, one o^clocfc.

Sir. -- Captain Buckhout and Mr. Hiuit are sent by Colonel Putnam to inform you that the light horse are to be in this place about day light. He is at Solomon Hunt's with his detachment ; any of the inhabitants who shall join him, will be gratefully received.

Major Strang, who happened to be miserably mounted, was also pursued down the same street and narrowly escaped by jumping from his horse.

It seems from the following letter that timely notice was occasionally given of the enemy's approach.

Hanover. Saturday Morning, one o^clocfc.

Sir. -- Captain Buckhout and Mr. Hiuit are sent by Colonel Putnam to inform you that the light horse are to be in this place about day light. He is at Solomon Hunt's with his detachment ; any of the inhabitants who shall join him, will be gratefully received.

I am yours, " ~ Joseph Strang.

N. B. I am desired to let you know that it is expected you will acquaint your neighbors up the street and Mr. Carmans.

The subjoined account of this place is given by Thacher in his Military Journal.

"Tlie ailvaneed guard of our army, cnnsi-sting of about two hundred men, is posted at Crompond, about twenty miles below West Point, and is relieved every two or three weeks. A surgeon constantly attends, and I am now ordered to repair to that post, to relieve Dr. Thomas."

" Crompond, Maix/i,''' 1781. " I have taken my quarters at Crompond, ia a house with Major Trescott, who commands at this post. This vicinity is constantly harassed by small parries of volunteers on our side, and parties of royalists and tories on the other, who are making every effort to effect mutual destruction ; seeking every opportunity to beat up each others quarters, and to kill or capture all who are found in arms. This is to be considered a very hazardous situation ; it requires the utmost vigilance to guard against a surprise. Major Trescott is an excellent disciplinarian, an active vigilant officer, and well acquainted with his duty. A parly of volunteers collected here oa horseback, for a secret expedition, and by their earnest request, Major Tres.- cott inarched in the night with a party to cover their retreat, and to lake any advantage which might offer.

This is to be considered a very hazardous situation ; it requires the utmost vigilance to guard against a surprise. Major Trescott is an excellent disciplinarian, an active vigilant officer, and well acquainted with his duty. A parly of volunteers collected here oa horseback, for a secret expedition, and by their earnest request, Major Tres.- cott inarched in the night with a party to cover their retreat, and to lake any advantage which might offer. The party relurned the next day with six tory prisoners, three of whom were wounded by the broad sword. One of our volunteers, named Hunt, received a dangerous wound through his shoulder and lungs ; the air escaped from the wound at every breaih. Dr. Eustis came to the lines, and dilated the wound in the breast, and as the patient is

ggS HISTORY OF THE

athletic and had not sustained a very copious loss of blood, he recommended repeated and liberal blood letting, observing that in order to cure a wound through the lungs, you must bleed your patient to death. He eventually recovered, which is to be ascribed principally to the free use of the lancet, and suf.h abstemious living, as to reduce him to the greatest extremity. A considerable number of wounded prisoners receive my daily attention.

'• A gentleman volunteer, by name Requaw, received a dangerous wound and was carried into the British lines ; I was requested by his brother to visit him, under the sanction of a flag of truce, in company with Dr. White, who resides in this vicinity. This invitation I cheeifully accepted, and Mr. Requaw having obtained a flag from the proper authority and procured horses, we set off in the morning, arrived at Westchester before evening, and dressed the wounded man. We passed the night at Mrs.

'• A gentleman volunteer, by name Requaw, received a dangerous wound and was carried into the British lines ; I was requested by his brother to visit him, under the sanction of a flag of truce, in company with Dr. White, who resides in this vicinity. This invitation I cheeifully accepted, and Mr. Requaw having obtained a flag from the proper authority and procured horses, we set off in the morning, arrived at Westchester before evening, and dressed the wounded man. We passed the night at Mrs. Bartow's, mother-in-law of Dr. W. She has remained at her farm between the lines during the war, and being friendly to our interest, has received much abusive treatment from the royalists. We were treated in the most friendly manner, and her daughter, an amiable well educated girl, entertained us in conversation till one o'clock in the morning, relating numerous occurrences and incidents of an interesting nature, respecting the royal party. The next day we visited our patient again, paid the necessary attention and repaired to a tavern, where 1 was grafted with an interview with the much famed Colonel De Lancey, who commands the Refugee Corps. He conducted with much civility, and having a public dinner prepared at the tavern, he invited us to dine with him and his oScers. After dinner. Colonel De Lancey furnished us with a permit to return with our flag ; we rode ten miles, and took lodgings in a private house. Here we were informed that six of our men, having taken from the refugees thirty head of cattle, were overtaken by forty of De Lancey's corps and were all killed but one, and the cattle retaken. In the morning breakfasted with a friendly Quaker family, in whose house was one of our men who had been wounded, when four others were killed; we dressed his wounds, which were numerous and dangerous.

Colonel De Lancey furnished us with a permit to return with our flag ; we rode ten miles, and took lodgings in a private house. Here we were informed that six of our men, having taken from the refugees thirty head of cattle, were overtaken by forty of De Lancey's corps and were all killed but one, and the cattle retaken. In the morning breakfasted with a friendly Quaker family, in whose house was one of our men who had been wounded, when four others were killed; we dressed his wounds, which were numerous and dangerous. In another house, we saw four dead bodies, mangled in a most inhuman manner by the refugees, and among them, one groaning under five wounds on his head, two of them quite through the skull bone with a broadsword. This man was capable of giving us an account of the murder of his four companions. They surrendered and begged for life, but their entreaties were disregarded, and the swords of their cruel foes were plunged into their bodies so long as signs of life remained. We found many friends to our cause, who reside on their farms between the lines of the two armies, whose situation is truly deplorable, being continually exposed to the ravages of the tories, horse thieves, and cow boys, who rob and plunder them without mercy, and the personal abuse and punishments which they inflict is almost incredible.""

» Thacher's Mil. Journal. 248, 9.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 389

Shrub Oak is a small village, in the northern part of the town, containing a Methodist church, a post-office, and about fifteen dwellings. The Methodist society of this place was first incorporated upon the 22d of September, 1840; Newman Lounsherry, Benjamin Curry, Solomon Requa, Thomas Curry, jr., and Jonathan Danow, trustees."'^ The church, which was erected in 1839, is a very neat wooden structure.

We found many friends to our cause, who reside on their farms between the lines of the two armies, whose situation is truly deplorable, being continually exposed to the ravages of the tories, horse thieves, and cow boys, who rob and plunder them without mercy, and the personal abuse and punishments which they inflict is almost incredible.""

» Thacher's Mil. Journal. 248, 9.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 389

Shrub Oak is a small village, in the northern part of the town, containing a Methodist church, a post-office, and about fifteen dwellings. The Methodist society of this place was first incorporated upon the 22d of September, 1840; Newman Lounsherry, Benjamin Curry, Solomon Requa, Thomas Curry, jr., and Jonathan Danow, trustees."'^ The church, which was erected in 1839, is a very neat wooden structure. In the immediate neighborhood, lies Lake Magrigaries, (Hollow Lake, already alluded to,) which is a beautiful sheet of water, well stocked with fish.

A rich and picturesque vale extends south from Crompond, backed by rolling hills. Upon one of the principal heights in this vicinity, called French hill, the French forces were encamped in 1781-2, under Comte de Rochambeau. " The French army, at the lime the Marquis speaks of, (Nov. 17Si, says the translator of Chastellux,) had been for some time encamped at Crompont, near Cortlandt's manor, a few miles from that of General Washingion's, and between which there was a daily intercourse. The translator dined, in October, 1782, in General Washington's tent, with the Marquis de Laval, the Baron de Viomenil, and several French officers, within hearing of the British guns, which were at that period happily become a bnttum fulmeny^ On the north-west side of French hill, are the two ponds styled by the Indians Keakatis. The largest of these, sometimes known by the name of the Great Pond, covers an area of 200 acres, and disciiarges its redundant waters into the smaller one of 100 acres.

The translator dined, in October, 1782, in General Washington's tent, with the Marquis de Laval, the Baron de Viomenil, and several French officers, within hearing of the British guns, which were at that period happily become a bnttum fulmeny^ On the north-west side of French hill, are the two ponds styled by the Indians Keakatis. The largest of these, sometimes known by the name of the Great Pond, covers an area of 200 acres, and disciiarges its redundant waters into the smaller one of 100 acres. Both are supplied by numerous spriiigs, and have their outlet it Muscoola river. The site of an Indian village is still pointed out, on the borders of the Great Pond, north of cedar swamp, likewise the remains of a cemetery on Cedar Point.''

Several roads intersect the town, running principally north

« Co. Rec. Religious Soc. lib. B 65.

b Travels in North America in the years 1780, 81, 82, by the Marquis Chastellux. One of the principal visitors at the French camp in 1782 was the Baron de Talleyrand

e Upon Cedar Point an eccentric character known as Nancy Lane the hermitess, resided for many years.

390 ■' HISTORY OF THE

and south, from tlie Mahopack turnpike to the great post-road, formerly called the King's road. These consist of Stoney, King's, Gorm.e, Amawalk, Tomahawk and Lovett streets.

The Pine's briiige road leading south from Crompond, affords magnificent views of the rich and fertile country bordering the Croton River, together with the village of Yorktown, and the Turkey and C'ollabergh mountains. Upon this road are situated the farms and residences of General Bernardus Montross,^ Mr. Seth Whitney, Mr. James Underbill, Mr. Richard M. Underbill and George McKeel, &c.'' Directly opposite the mansion of the latter, stands the orthodox Friends meeting house, erected in 1833.

The Pine's briiige road leading south from Crompond, affords magnificent views of the rich and fertile country bordering the Croton River, together with the village of Yorktown, and the Turkey and C'ollabergh mountains. Upon this road are situated the farms and residences of General Bernardus Montross,^ Mr. Seth Whitney, Mr. James Underbill, Mr. Richard M. Underbill and George McKeel, &c.'' Directly opposite the mansion of the latter, stands the orthodox Friends meeting house, erected in 1833.

A road diverging to the south-west, near the meeting house, leads to the Turkey mountain, a vast tract of woodland covering 800 acres, from the summit of which, the spectator has a noble prospect of the surrounding country. At the foot of the mountain is situated the residence of Mr. Edward Burrough Underbill, son of the late Abraham I. Underbill, "a worthy and prominent member of the society of Friends, who sustained throughout a useful and protracted life, an unsullied reputation." Abraliara I. Underbill, who died on the 5th of May, 1S41, aged 7S years, was the second son of Isaac Uuderhiil, fourth in descent from John Underbill of Oyster Bay, L. I. In the old fLunily mansion which stands one mile south of this spot, (on the Pine's bridge road) is shown the room where Major Andre and Joshua H. ISmith, breakfasted on the 23d of September, 1780. At this period, the house was occupied by Isaac Underbill and Sarah his \vife,c who appears to have been a woman of good resolution and

Underbill, who died on the 5th of May, 1S41, aged 7S years, was the second son of Isaac Uuderhiil, fourth in descent from John Underbill of Oyster Bay, L. I. In the old fLunily mansion which stands one mile south of this spot, (on the Pine's bridge road) is shown the room where Major Andre and Joshua H. ISmith, breakfasted on the 23d of September, 1780. At this period, the house was occupied by Isaac Underbill and Sarah his \vife,c who appears to have been a woman of good resolution and

a In a back room of this house, fell the notorious freebooter, Joseph Hueson, by the hand of Seth Whitney, (father of the above mentioned gentleman) former proprietor of the estate. Hueson was a perfect scourge and terror to this part of the country during the Revolution, for he devoted himself to the most cruel pillage and robbery among the defenceless inhabitants. Whilst in the act of entering the house for plunder, Whitney plunged a bayonet into his body. Upon hearing their leader exclaim " the rascal has killed me 1" a band of ruffians forced an entrance, seized Whitney, and inflicted on him the most savage cruelties.

b Upon the 9th of Nov., 1832, George McKeel conveyed te Isaac McKeel Daniel Smith, Aaron Underbill and Edward Borrough Underbill, 1 acre of laud 3 miles north of Pine's bridge."

« This lady was the daughter of Robert Field, whose nephew John was a re-

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 391

courage, whilst engaged in entertaining Andre and his companion, she took parliculnr notice of the former, and imagined she read in his contusion, a person embarrassed in some great undertaking.a A few days previous to this event, Mrs. Undeiliill had \Msited head-quarters to recover some cattle carried off by a band of marauders.

b Upon the 9th of Nov., 1832, George McKeel conveyed te Isaac McKeel Daniel Smith, Aaron Underbill and Edward Borrough Underbill, 1 acre of laud 3 miles north of Pine's bridge."

« This lady was the daughter of Robert Field, whose nephew John was a re-

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 391

courage, whilst engaged in entertaining Andre and his companion, she took parliculnr notice of the former, and imagined she read in his contusion, a person embarrassed in some great undertaking.a A few days previous to this event, Mrs. Undeiliill had \Msited head-quarters to recover some cattle carried off by a band of marauders.

About a mile below the residence of Mr. William Smith, on the Pine's bridge road, a narrow lane diverges son ih- west to Davenport's or Danforth's house, the scene of Colonel Green's surprisal by the British Refugees, upon the 13th of May, 1781. The following account of this incursion, is given by General Heath :

" The next day intelligence was received, that on the !3th, Colonel Green of the Rhode Island regiment, who was doing duty on the lines of the American army, was surprised by a body of the enemy's horse, supposed to be about 150 dragoons, and that the Colonel, Major Flagg, two subalterns and 27 men were killed, and several wounded. Col. Green was a brave and intrepid officer, and his loss was much regretted. The colonel had taken post above and near to Crolon river, at a place where the river was fordable, to prevent the enemy passing up by this ford t) ravage the country. He had practiced the greatest vigilance in guarding this ford in the night time, taking off the guards after sunrise, apprehendmg that the enemy would never presume to cross the river in the day lime ; but the enemy, having learnt his mode of doing duly, on the morning of the 13th effected his overthrow, by crossing the ford soon after the guards had come off, and surrounding their quarters before they had an idea ot any enemy being near them.

He had practiced the greatest vigilance in guarding this ford in the night time, taking off the guards after sunrise, apprehendmg that the enemy would never presume to cross the river in the day lime ; but the enemy, having learnt his mode of doing duly, on the morning of the 13th effected his overthrow, by crossing the ford soon after the guards had come off, and surrounding their quarters before they had an idea ot any enemy being near them. In this situation, the utmost exertion could not then avail lhein.''b

A person named Gilbert Totten, is said to have betrayed his countrymen to Colonel de Lancey on this fatal occasion, in retaliation for an act of discipline administered by his commanding

sideut of Yorktown. The following notice of the death of Moses Field, (son of John) occurs in the New York American of Oct. 25, 1833 : " Died at Peekskill, on the 18th inst., Moses Field of this city, aged .53 years. The poor cnuld not have sustained a greater loss in an individual. No man had more enlarged and persevering benevolence in feeding the hungry, clothing the naked and providing for the sick. His greatest happiness appeared to be, lo mitigate the suffering and relieve the wants of the virtuous poor."

» See vol. i. 210.

k Heath's Mem., 2S8-!>.

392 HISIOUV OF THE

officer. De Lancey anxious for an oppoitnnity to return llie recent attack made upon his quarters by Captain Gushing,'^ instantly fitted out a force of about 150 dragoons, as described by Heatli. The route selected by their experienced commander, was the road leading to White Plains, by which means the party escaped tlirough the only opening in the long line of sentinels stretched across the country. Near Chappequa, they halted for a short time at the house of Daniel Underbill, and then proceeded by the west road, which is an intersection of the present Sing Sing turnpike, till they arrived at the residence of Mr.

De Lancey anxious for an oppoitnnity to return llie recent attack made upon his quarters by Captain Gushing,'^ instantly fitted out a force of about 150 dragoons, as described by Heatli. The route selected by their experienced commander, was the road leading to White Plains, by which means the party escaped tlirough the only opening in the long line of sentinels stretched across the country. Near Chappequa, they halted for a short time at the house of Daniel Underbill, and then proceeded by the west road, which is an intersection of the present Sing Sing turnpike, till they arrived at the residence of Mr. Lyon ; here they anxiously awaited the withdrawal of the American guard at Oblenus's ford, which is nearly one mile west of Pine's bridge. Up to this moment no one of the party, save their commander and his guide, knew the object for which they had been detailed. According to General Heath's account, the American officers appear to have had no idea that the enemy wonld dare to cross the ford after sunrise, and therefore had taken no precautions to prevent it. By this means, Davenport's house was surrounded by the enemy, and all possibility of escape cut of!:' before the danger was discovered. De Lancey remained on the south side of the river, probably with a view to cover the retreat of his party, if it should prove necessary.

To General Heath's account of the surprisal, we must be permitted to add the following extract from Colonel H. Let;'s history of the Southern war : --

By this means, Davenport's house was surrounded by the enemy, and all possibility of escape cut of!:' before the danger was discovered. De Lancey remained on the south side of the river, probably with a view to cover the retreat of his party, if it should prove necessary.

To General Heath's account of the surprisal, we must be permitted to add the following extract from Colonel H. Let;'s history of the Southern war : --

" In the spring of 1781, when General Washington began to expert the promised naval aid from our best friend, the ill-fated Louis XVI., he occasionally approached the enemy's lines on the side of York island. In one of these movements. Col. Green, with a suitable force, was posted on the Croton River, in advance of the army. On the other side of this river lay a corps of refugees, (American citizens who had joined the British army,) under the command of Col. Delancy. These half citizens, half soldiers, were notorious for rapine and murder, and to their vindictive conduct may justly be ascribed most of the cruelties which stained the progress of our war, and which at length compelled Washington to order Captain Asgiil, of the British army, to be brought to head-quarters, for the purpose of retaliating, by his execution,

See page 333.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 393

for the murder of Capt. Huddy, of New Jersey, perpetrated by a Capt. Lippincourt, of the refugees. The commandant of these refugees, (Delancy was not present,) having ascertained the position of Greene's corps, which the colonel had cantoned in adjacent farm houses -- probably with a view to the procurement of subsistence -- took the resolution to strike it. This was accordingly done, by a nocturnal movement, on the 13th of May. The enemy crossed the Croton before daylight, and hastening his advance, reached our station with the dawn of day, unperceived.

The commandant of these refugees, (Delancy was not present,) having ascertained the position of Greene's corps, which the colonel had cantoned in adjacent farm houses -- probably with a view to the procurement of subsistence -- took the resolution to strike it. This was accordingly done, by a nocturnal movement, on the 13th of May. The enemy crossed the Croton before daylight, and hastening his advance, reached our station with the dawn of day, unperceived. As he approached the farm house in which the Lieutenant-Colonel was quartered, the noise of troops marching was heard, which was the first intimation of the fatal design. Greene and Major Flagg immediately prepared themselves for defence, but they were too late, so expeditious was the progress of the enemy. Flagg discharged his pis - tols, and instantly afterwards fell mortally wounded, when the ruffians (unworthy the appellation of soldiers) burst open the door of Greene's apartment. Here the gallant veteran singly received them with his drawn sword. Several fell beneath the arm accustomed to conquer, till at length, overpowered by numbers, and faint from the loss of blood streaming from his wounds, barbarity triumphed over valor. ' His right arm was almost cut off in two places, the left in one, a severe cut on the left shoulder, a sword thrust through the abdomen, a bayonet in the right side, and another through the abdomen, several sword cuts on the head, and many in different parts of the body.'

" Thus cruelly mangled, fell the generous conqueror of Count Donop, whose wounds, as well as those of his unfortunate associates, had been tenderly dressed as soon as the battle terminated, and whose pains and sorrows had been as tenderly assuaged. How different was the relentless fury here displayed !

Several fell beneath the arm accustomed to conquer, till at length, overpowered by numbers, and faint from the loss of blood streaming from his wounds, barbarity triumphed over valor. ' His right arm was almost cut off in two places, the left in one, a severe cut on the left shoulder, a sword thrust through the abdomen, a bayonet in the right side, and another through the abdomen, several sword cuts on the head, and many in different parts of the body.'

" Thus cruelly mangled, fell the generous conqueror of Count Donop, whose wounds, as well as those of his unfortunate associates, had been tenderly dressed as soon as the battle terminated, and whose pains and sorrows had been as tenderly assuaged. How different was the relentless fury here displayed !

"The commander-in-chief heard with anguish and indignation the tragical fate of his loved, his faithful friend and soldier, in whose feelings the army sincerely participated. On the subsequent day, the corpse was brought to head-quarters, and his funeral was solemnized with military honors and universal grief."

Lieutenant Colonel Greene was murdered in the meridian of life, being only forty-four years old. He married in 1758, Miss Anne Lippitt, a daughter of Mr. J. Lippitt, Esq., of Warwick, whom.he left a widow with three sons and four daughters. He was stout and strong in person, about five feet ten inches high, with a broad round chest ; his aspect manly and demeanor pleasing, enjoying always a high state of health, its bloom irradiated a counten-

Lieutenant Colonel Greene was murdered in the meridian of life, being only forty-four years old. He married in 1758, Miss Anne Lippitt, a daughter of Mr. J. Lippitt, Esq., of Warwick, whom.he left a widow with three sons and four daughters. He was stout and strong in person, about five feet ten inches high, with a broad round chest ; his aspect manly and demeanor pleasing, enjoying always a high state of health, its bloom irradiated a counten-

» At the close of the Revolutionary war Col. De Lancey politely forwarded to General Thomas of Harrison the blood stained pocket books of Col. Green and Major Flagg. These interesting relics we regret to say (since the General's decease) have been destroyed.

Vol. II. 50

394 HISTORY OF THE

ance which significantly expressed the fortitude and mildness invariably displayed throughout his life."*

The following additional particulars concerning this melancholy afFiiir, are contained in a letter from the pay-master Thomas Hughes to a friend dated

Rhode Island Village, May 14, 1781.

Dear Sir. -- It is with pain I write you on a subject that is so nearly and closely connected to you as a parent ; I must my dear friend inform you of the nnhappy fate that befel your son.

This morning the enemy made an attack upon the lines, which was a complete surprise, and he fell a sacrifice to the cruel hand of tyranny in defending himself against the strokes struck by the light horsemen. He had his wrist

Dear Sir. -- It is with pain I write you on a subject that is so nearly and closely connected to you as a parent ; I must my dear friend inform you of the nnhappy fate that befel your son.

This morning the enemy made an attack upon the lines, which was a complete surprise, and he fell a sacrifice to the cruel hand of tyranny in defending himself against the strokes struck by the light horsemen. He had his wrist

almost cut off in two places, a severe cut in the left shoulder, a sword

run through his body, a bayonet into his right side, and another through his body, his head cut to pieces in several places, his back and body cut and hacked in such a manner as gives me pain to inform you, he was carried about three quarters of a mile from his quarters where they left him to die or rather through loss of blood and strength to go forward, finished his days in the woods. And as they went by the houses informed the inhabitants should there be any enquiry after the Colonel they left him dead in the edge of the woods. b This cruel and barbarous treatment was perpetrated by De Lancey's corps, De Lancey himself at the head.' Major Flagg, as he arose from his bed received a ball in his head, and when they entered the house they stabbed and cut him in a cruel manner, and he expired immediately. A doctor of the New Hampshire line and a Lieutenant of the Massachusetts line were wounded in the house and carried off. Lieut. Macomb being in bed was made a prisoner, Ensign Greene who commanded a guard at the bridge, with himself and all his men were taken or killed.

And as they went by the houses informed the inhabitants should there be any enquiry after the Colonel they left him dead in the edge of the woods. b This cruel and barbarous treatment was perpetrated by De Lancey's corps, De Lancey himself at the head.' Major Flagg, as he arose from his bed received a ball in his head, and when they entered the house they stabbed and cut him in a cruel manner, and he expired immediately. A doctor of the New Hampshire line and a Lieutenant of the Massachusetts line were wounded in the house and carried off. Lieut. Macomb being in bed was made a prisoner, Ensign Greene who commanded a guard at the bridge, with himself and all his men were taken or killed.

I went in the lines the evening before, to pay off the troops and returned with Greene. My horse being hitched at the door and when the alarm was given, I saddled him and just made my escape. My flight was so rapid 1 left my receipts behind. The woman of the house was so kind as to hide them in the bushes, sol received them again. The loss of my dear friend must fall heavy on the family, but as life is uncertain we must surrender it when the great Jehovah calls. To morrow we shall bestow on each of them the honors

" See Updike's history of the Narragansett Church, for a full account of himself and family.

b Green expired near the residence of Mr. Sutton, where he was found the following morning by Majar Strang and his brother.

The loss of my dear friend must fall heavy on the family, but as life is uncertain we must surrender it when the great Jehovah calls. To morrow we shall bestow on each of them the honors

" See Updike's history of the Narragansett Church, for a full account of himself and family.

b Green expired near the residence of Mr. Sutton, where he was found the following morning by Majar Strang and his brother.

« The writer must have been mistaken, for De Lancey was not present according to other accounts.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 395

that are due to men, who so nobly suffered the pains of death in the service of their country. It is uncertain how many we had killed and taken ; but I believe about 40 taken, killed and wounded. John is wounded, and Prince WoUand I fear will die ; please make my respects to Maria and sister, and believe me to be with esteem.

Your humble servant,

Thomas Hughea.

Mr. Joshua Carpenter, ^^ the present occupant of the house, still points out the spot where the bed of Colonel Green stood, and the window from which Major Flagg fired his pistols, while the old fashioned wainscoting and doors are pierced with numerous bullet holes. A large addition has been since added to the house, on the east. The wonderfully extensive views which this elevated spot commands, wiil amply repay the visitor, besides the interest attached to the above associations.

In the south east corner of Yorktown, is situated the great dam of theCroton Acqueduct, one of the most important and extensive works ever undertaken in this country. "The dam across the Croton, is placed where the river enters between the hills, after having passed for several miles through a more level country. The hill on the south side is composed of solid rock."t> The dam itself "is not of great length, but is one of the most ingenious works of substantial masonry any where to be found.

In the south east corner of Yorktown, is situated the great dam of theCroton Acqueduct, one of the most important and extensive works ever undertaken in this country. "The dam across the Croton, is placed where the river enters between the hills, after having passed for several miles through a more level country. The hill on the south side is composed of solid rock."t> The dam itself "is not of great length, but is one of the most ingenious works of substantial masonry any where to be found. The highest point of the structure is rather more than fifty feet above the natural bed of the Croton. By this elevation, the water is thrown back more than six miles, forming a beautiful lake of several hundred acres, containing about 100,000,000 gallons for each foot in depth for the surface. The water is drawn into the acqueduct by means of a tunnel cut into the rock, which constitutes the hill on the south side. At distances of one mile, a circular hollow tower is erected over the acqueduct, for the purpose of ventilation, these being composed of white marble, produce a very pretty effect. Every three miles is an

« Mr. Carpenter is a grandson of Richard Davenport, who held the property m 780. b Disturnell*s Gazetteer of N. Y.

396 *' HISTORY OF THE

apparatus for drawing off the water in case any internal repairs should be necessary," &c.*

" The whole quantity of land which the water commissioners have been compelled to buy on the forty miles of the works, amount to nine hundred acres, and the average price has been nearly five hundred dollars per acre."b

Carpenter is a grandson of Richard Davenport, who held the property m 780. b Disturnell*s Gazetteer of N. Y.

396 *' HISTORY OF THE

apparatus for drawing off the water in case any internal repairs should be necessary," &c.*

" The whole quantity of land which the water commissioners have been compelled to buy on the forty miles of the works, amount to nine hundred acres, and the average price has been nearly five hundred dollars per acre."b

The great bend of the Croton, west of Pine's bridge, was denominated by the aborigines Keweghtegnack. Croton lake bordered by meadows and high hills presents a lovely and interesting scene to the eye of the beholder. The following lines suggested by a visit to the lake, are from the Hudson River Chronicle.

TO CROTON LAKE.

- ■ How mildly beams the moon's pale light,

As o'er thy breast we gaily glide ; Her silvery lustre charms the night, . ' .

As swift we float along the tide. • ..

Unruflled calm thy bosom lies,

Save where the oars the stillness break ; Nor do the breezes dare to rise,

To mar thy beauty, Croton Lake.

The purest joys that friendship yields.

We here in rich profusion taste, • . .

While busy thought roams o'er the fields

Of memory, brightening from the past ; Sweet recollections crowd the mind,

With former scenes of purest bliss ; While now, a sweet delight we find . . ■ -

In musing o'er past happiness.

Save where the oars the stillness break ; Nor do the breezes dare to rise,

To mar thy beauty, Croton Lake.

The purest joys that friendship yields.

We here in rich profusion taste, • . .

While busy thought roams o'er the fields

Of memory, brightening from the past ; Sweet recollections crowd the mind,

With former scenes of purest bliss ; While now, a sweet delight we find . . ■ -

In musing o'er past happiness.

Now is the hour of tranquil peace,

While gliding o'er thy fair expanse ; - -

All fierce, tumultuous passions cease,

And heavenly joys the soul entrance; ■

The hallowed fellowship of friends

We here with rich delight partake. Nor e'er, till this existence ends, ■

Shall we its memory dear forsake. ■

» Disturnell's Gazetteer, N. Y. b Ibid.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. "^' ' 397

But list ! the hour sounds to depart,

And thy bright shores we leave with pain ; Thou ever shalt be near my heart,

While life or thought or hope remain ; The friends I here have found, shall be

Dear to my heart till life forsake ; - .

And often shall I think of thee,

Thou mildly beauteous Croton Lake.

" The supplies of the Croton are derived exclusively from the elevated region of the Highlands, in Westchester county and Putnam, being furnished by the pure springs which so remarkably characterize the granitic formation of this region. Many of the ponds and lakes from which it is maintained, are, three or four hundred acres in extent, and as large as 1000 acres : all these ponds are surrounded by clear upland shores, which furnish soft and clear water. Half a gallon of water taken from the Croton at Wood^s bridge, yielded by evaporation, 2,333 grains residuum, in the following pro[)ortions :

" The supplies of the Croton are derived exclusively from the elevated region of the Highlands, in Westchester county and Putnam, being furnished by the pure springs which so remarkably characterize the granitic formation of this region. Many of the ponds and lakes from which it is maintained, are, three or four hundred acres in extent, and as large as 1000 acres : all these ponds are surrounded by clear upland shores, which furnish soft and clear water. Half a gallon of water taken from the Croton at Wood^s bridge, yielded by evaporation, 2,333 grains residuum, in the following pro[)ortions :

Vegetable matter, 133 .

Carbonates of lime and magnesia, . 1,200

Muriate of magnesia, . . . 1,000

grains, a 2,333 Prior to the erection of the dam, shad fish annually ascended the river some miles above the present lake. The fishing is now entirely confined to trout, perch, and other fresh water fish. In 1800 it was proposed to render the Croton river navigable, from its mouth to Pine's bridge. The following report of the engineers is entitled :

" Estimate of expense to make the Croton river navigable for boats of two tons."

The falls at Croton river with a lock, £350

The falls below the Old bridge, 250

Small rapid, 10

Rapid and stony, ' ' ' 15

2 small falls, 15

See Corporat. Doc. of N. Y., No. xxxvi. 409.

398 HISTORY OF THE

Rocky falls and stony water, £ 60

Fall both above and below Fowler's mill, 100

The following report of the engineers is entitled :

" Estimate of expense to make the Croton river navigable for boats of two tons."

The falls at Croton river with a lock, £350

The falls below the Old bridge, 250

Small rapid, 10

Rapid and stony, ' ' ' 15

2 small falls, 15

See Corporat. Doc. of N. Y., No. xxxvi. 409.

398 HISTORY OF THE

Rocky falls and stony water, £ 60

Fall both above and below Fowler's mill, 100

Rapids and rocks, ' 80

Long rapid water, 2 stony falls, . 250

do. do, 150

Fall at Carpenter's mills and lock, 110

A short rapid, 30 This brings us to Pine's bridge. Here we find 18 obstructions,

such as small rapids, fish wares, stony, &c. &c.

The cost of VI hich is estimated at 230

i;i650

Pine's Bridge crosses the lake about one mile above the dam. On the south side of the Croton is a small settlement bearing the name of Crotonville, which contains a Methodist church, a Friends' meeting house, two stores, a tavern, a post office, and several scattered dwellings. The old bridge was situated west of the present structure, and served, during the Revolution, as the principal communication between the lines. Here the Americans generally kept a strong guard for the purpose of affording timely notice of an enemy's approach. Jt was also a place of rendezvous, as appears from the following orders :

''Mojior of Cortlandt, 12th Nov., 1781.

" Lieutenant Purdy, you are commanded to march 24 of your men, well armed and equipt with six days provision, to Pine^s Bridge, by to-morrow morning at 8 o'clock, with all the teams in your company.

Here the Americans generally kept a strong guard for the purpose of affording timely notice of an enemy's approach. Jt was also a place of rendezvous, as appears from the following orders :

''Mojior of Cortlandt, 12th Nov., 1781.

" Lieutenant Purdy, you are commanded to march 24 of your men, well armed and equipt with six days provision, to Pine^s Bridge, by to-morrow morning at 8 o'clock, with all the teams in your company.

"Samuel Drake, Colonel."

'' DanfortKs, 8 o'clock in the evening. " Sir-- I have this moment received intelligence that the enemy are out as far as Young's. I shall be at the Bridge, readyto march, at 2 o'clock, and wish to have all the militia in Crompond mustered and at the Bridge by that time.

" 1 am, sir, your most obedient servant,

"William Hull, Lieut. Colonel. u p. s. -- I beg you to send to Major Strang's and Captain Drakes."

" On the morning of the 25th of June, 1779, the British light horse, and about 1000 infantry, were at Pine's Bridge.''^ General Heath "ordered 200 light infantry, under the command of

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 399

Lt. Col. Grosvenor,to march to Robinson's stores, near Marpoach Pond, to cover that quarter."*

2Ist of October, 1780, " intelligence was received that the enemy were meditating an excursion as far up as Crompond and its vicinity, to sweep off the cattle." General Heath " immediately ordered Colonel Hazen, with a detachment of 500 men, to move to Pine's Bridge, and Lieut. Col. Jameson, with the 2d light dragoons, to move from Bedford towards Col. Hcizen. The detachment arrived at Pine's Bridge about 10 o'clock the same evening, and Colonel Jameson with the dragoons at about 2 o'clock the next morning. The evening of the 23d, Col.

2Ist of October, 1780, " intelligence was received that the enemy were meditating an excursion as far up as Crompond and its vicinity, to sweep off the cattle." General Heath " immediately ordered Colonel Hazen, with a detachment of 500 men, to move to Pine's Bridge, and Lieut. Col. Jameson, with the 2d light dragoons, to move from Bedford towards Col. Hcizen. The detachment arrived at Pine's Bridge about 10 o'clock the same evening, and Colonel Jameson with the dragoons at about 2 o'clock the next morning. The evening of the 23d, Col. Hazen returned with the detachment ; the enemy did not come out."b It was in the vicinity of Pine's Bridge that Enoch Crosby, the Westchester spy, first commenced his career of secret service.

By way of a general geographical description of Yorktown, it may be observed, "that the north is broken by the hills of the southern border of the Highlands, and the general surface is hilly, though its hills are of a moderate height in the south.''^ The numerous streams supply abundance of mill seats. " The soil is generally productive, and well distributed into arable, pasture and meadow lands. Much of it is stony ; and previous to the late introduction of gypsum as a manure, many farms were nearly exhausted by constant tillage.''^ The timber is very thrifty and tall, consisting for the most part of oak, chesnut, hickory and walnut, (fcc. The low grounds yield maple, black birch, ash and hemlock, &c.

The first entry relating to town officers occurs in the manor book, entitled, " Record for the manor of Cortlandt and Yorktown." " At a town meeting held for ye manor of Cortlandt, on the first Tuesday, in April, in the year of our Lord, 1760, to choose town officers for ye said manor for the ensuing year, and the respective names and offices of ihose chosen." Pierre van Cortlandt, Supervisor, Moses Travis, Clerk,

The low grounds yield maple, black birch, ash and hemlock, &c.

The first entry relating to town officers occurs in the manor book, entitled, " Record for the manor of Cortlandt and Yorktown." " At a town meeting held for ye manor of Cortlandt, on the first Tuesday, in April, in the year of our Lord, 1760, to choose town officers for ye said manor for the ensuing year, and the respective names and offices of ihose chosen." Pierre van Cortlandt, Supervisor, Moses Travis, Clerk,

» Heath's Mem. 206. d Ibid.

\> Ibid. 260.

« Spafford's Gazetteer of New York.

400 HISTOKY OF THE

Joseph Sherwood, Treasurer, Daniel Strang, ) , Joseph Tidd, $ Assessors.

Joseph Travis, for the Water Collector at Peekskil

John Travis, Pounder,

Jeremiah Drake, Constable for the west part,

John Yeomans, for ye middle part,

John Purdy, for ye east part, (fcc*

» See Rec. of Yorktown. The names of some twenty freeholders are attached to the list.

COM NT Y OF WESTCUEbl'EK. .401-

. < ■ YONKERS. -

YoNKERs is situated on the east bank of the Hudson, immediately above New York island, seventeen miles north of New- York, one hundred and thirty south of Albany, and ten southwest of White Plains ; bounded north by Greenburgh, east by Eastchester and a small angle of Westchester, or by Bronx's River ; south by West Farms and New York county, and west by the Hudson River. It extends near eight miles along the Hudson, and has a medial width of near three miles.

YoNKERs is situated on the east bank of the Hudson, immediately above New York island, seventeen miles north of New- York, one hundred and thirty south of Albany, and ten southwest of White Plains ; bounded north by Greenburgh, east by Eastchester and a small angle of Westchester, or by Bronx's River ; south by West Farms and New York county, and west by the Hudson River. It extends near eight miles along the Hudson, and has a medial width of near three miles.

The name of this town, at different periods written Younkers, Younckers. Jonkers and Yonkers, is derived from the Dutch " Jonker" or "Jonkheer," meaning in that language the ''young gentleman,^'' a common appellation for the heir of a Dutch family.a

Yonkers and the Mile Square constrtuted a township within the great manor of Philipsburgh, until the year 1779, when the manor was confiscated and conveyed to the people of this state. A. D. 1788, the present township was independently organized.'^

Thirty years after the Dutch discovery of the New Netherlands, A. D. 1639, we find the Dutch West India Company purchasing lands in this town of the native Indian sachems.

" Appeared before me, Cornelis van Tienhoven, secretary of the New Netherlands, Fecquemeck, Rechgawac, Packanniens, owners of Kekeshick, which they did freely convey, cede, 6cc. &c, to the behoof of the General Incorporated West India Company^ which lies over against the flats of the Island cf Manhates, mostly east and west, beginning at the source of the said Kill till over against the high hill of the flat lands -- to wit, by the great Kill, together with all the rights, estate and title to them, the grantees.

" Appeared before me, Cornelis van Tienhoven, secretary of the New Netherlands, Fecquemeck, Rechgawac, Packanniens, owners of Kekeshick, which they did freely convey, cede, 6cc. &c, to the behoof of the General Incorporated West India Company^ which lies over against the flats of the Island cf Manhates, mostly east and west, beginning at the source of the said Kill till over against the high hill of the flat lands -- to wit, by the great Kill, together with all the rights, estate and title to them, the grantees.

a Benson's Mera. of N. Y.

i Act passed 7th March. 1-788. Rev. Stat. vol. iii. 386,

Vol. n. 5,1

402. ■ HISTORY OF THE

<fcc. (fcc. In lestimony of the truth of which, this is subscribed

by witnesses. Done 3d of August, 1639, at Fort Amsterdam, in

New Netherland.'i

Cornelius van der Hovken, ? . . T^ • 1 X.- -. -rr ■ f ^s witnesses.

Uavidt Piettersen ue Vries, )

In presence of me Cornelis van Tienhoven, Sec'y." How long the Dutch West india Company held the lands of Kekeshick, does not appear ; but about the year A. D. 1646, we find the Indian sachem Tackareiv, granting lands in this town to Adriaen van der Donck> In this sale the town is called Nepperhaem,<^ an Indian name frequently applied to the village. Eighty years later we find it varied to Nepperah^'^ the proper Indian orthography of which is evidently Nap-pe-c/ia-mak, rendered literally the ^- rapid waiter settlement^ 4'hus graphically expressing the situation of the Mohegan village, at the mouth of the Neperah, or rapid waters. e In the deep seclusion of the ancient forests that once bordered this beautiful stream, were located other Indian villages, some of the sites of which tradition has preserved to us ; one of these occupied the eastern edge of Boar Hill.

Eighty years later we find it varied to Nepperah^'^ the proper Indian orthography of which is evidently Nap-pe-c/ia-mak, rendered literally the ^- rapid waiter settlement^ 4'hus graphically expressing the situation of the Mohegan village, at the mouth of the Neperah, or rapid waters. e In the deep seclusion of the ancient forests that once bordered this beautiful stream, were located other Indian villages, some of the sites of which tradition has preserved to us ; one of these occupied the eastern edge of Boar Hill. A Mohegan castle ornamented the steep side ot Berrian's Neck, styled in the Indian tongue Nipnichsen. It was carefully protected, by a strong stockade, from the attacks of the warlike Sauk-hi-ccin-ni, (fire workers.) inhabiting the Jersey shores, and commanded the romantic scenery of the Spuyten Duyvel Creek and Hudson River. The junction of the two streams was called, in the Indian, Slwrackappock. The last settlement of the Nappeckamak Indians remembered in this town stood near the present residence of Abraham Fowler, on a rising bank of the Neperah (Saw Mill.) The crystal waters of this sweet stream (which rims principally north and south) arise from two perennial springs in

a Alb. Rec. C. C. G2.

t Sometimes called the Younger Van Dunke. Assize Rec. Alb. 47.

« Alb. Rec. viii. 79, 80 ; Hcl. Doc. vi. 118 ; Book of Pat. i. 5(J ; O'Callaghan's Hist. N. N. 28-2.

d Valentine receipts for rent.

« Nipi, in the old Algonkin, signifies water; Nicp, in the Montauk. Traas. Amer. Antiq See. ii. ., ■ •.:-,.

The last settlement of the Nappeckamak Indians remembered in this town stood near the present residence of Abraham Fowler, on a rising bank of the Neperah (Saw Mill.) The crystal waters of this sweet stream (which rims principally north and south) arise from two perennial springs in

a Alb. Rec. C. C. G2.

t Sometimes called the Younger Van Dunke. Assize Rec. Alb. 47.

« Alb. Rec. viii. 79, 80 ; Hcl. Doc. vi. 118 ; Book of Pat. i. 5(J ; O'Callaghan's Hist. N. N. 28-2.

d Valentine receipts for rent.

« Nipi, in the old Algonkin, signifies water; Nicp, in the Montauk. Traas. Amer. Antiq See. ii. ., ■ •.:-,.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 403

the bosom of the Chappequa hills. ^ To this nymph of the valley the Indians (as their custom was) offered sacrifice, the perpt>- tuity of her motion typyfying to them the eternity of God.

^h,.

Indian Rock, Meglikccka=sin, or Aiiucka'-Jiii.

In the north- west corner of this town, west of the Saw Mill, (Neperah) is situated the rock Meg-hkeckassin, A?nackassin, or the great stone, sometimes called Meg-hkeckassin, and Macakassin, a name probably derived from two Delaware words, ^'- Mekhkakhsin,^^ signifying copper, ^^ ahhsin,'" stone.^ This word appears to denote not a common stone, but the colored, copper stone bound under some spell of Indian necromancy. " To these stones they paid all outward signs of worship and devotion, not as to God, but as they are hieroglyphicks of the permanency and immutability of the Deity; because these, both for figure and substance, are, of all sublunary bodies, the least subject to decay or change.''^ This stone lies in an obscure nook on the eastern shore of the Hudson, at the foot of a steep bank whose sides are shaded with masses of wild cedar and laurel, the beautiful lake like appearance of the river giving additional interest and magical illusion to the scene.

" To these stones they paid all outward signs of worship and devotion, not as to God, but as they are hieroglyphicks of the permanency and immutability of the Deity; because these, both for figure and substance, are, of all sublunary bodies, the least subject to decay or change.''^ This stone lies in an obscure nook on the eastern shore of the Hudson, at the foot of a steep bank whose sides are shaded with masses of wild cedar and laurel, the beautiful lake like appearance of the river giving additional interest and magical illusion to the scene. At ebb tide the huge

a These hills are situated in the town of Newcastle. b Traus. Anier. Autiq. Swc. vol. ii. 33G. e Beverly's Hist. Virorjnia.

404 HISTORY OF THE

boulder must have reminded them of a monstrous Neebanawbaig'; (or water spirit) afloat on the waves. To the superstitious Indian its peculiar position must have been a subject of deep interest. The name of this stone is sometimes applied to a brook that flows in the vicinity. The term Sigghes, which also occurs in some of the deeds, doubtless belongs to the Indian rock, situated still higlier up, west of the post road on the land of J. O. Dyckman. The two rocks or stones and rivulet here referred to, still form a portion of the northern boundary of Yonkers, running east to Bronx's river. In this town are also two Indian bunjirig grounds. The principal one lies two miles north of the village, on Blackwell's hill. Within the recollection of many persons still living, the graves were distinctly indicated by rude mounds of earth, but, alas ! the plough has long since removed these memorials of the ancient dead, and perhaps the mouldering relics themselves.

The two rocks or stones and rivulet here referred to, still form a portion of the northern boundary of Yonkers, running east to Bronx's river. In this town are also two Indian bunjirig grounds. The principal one lies two miles north of the village, on Blackwell's hill. Within the recollection of many persons still living, the graves were distinctly indicated by rude mounds of earth, but, alas ! the plough has long since removed these memorials of the ancient dead, and perhaps the mouldering relics themselves.

That remnant of a martial brow,

Those ribs that held the mighty heart, That strong arm -- ah ! 'tis strenglhless now. -- Bryant.

and well might the poet add,

Spare them ! each mouldering fragment spare, ■•• • - .

• - Of God's own image -- let them rest, '- '

Till not a trace shall -speak of where -

• .- . ' The awful likeness was impressed \^ , '

The second and last place of sepulture used by the Indians in this town, is now nearly covered by the barn and out buildings of Benjamin Fowler, Esq. The site was well chosen on rising ground at the entrance of the Sprain valley.

Besides the Tawasenthas, (or places of many dead,) numerous skeletons have been discovered in different parts of the town, showing it to have been once numerously populated by the Indian tribes. One of these was recently disinterred in makinosome improvements on the Kingsbridge road nearly opposite the Van Cortlandt residence ; it proved to be on examination the full

The second and last place of sepulture used by the Indians in this town, is now nearly covered by the barn and out buildings of Benjamin Fowler, Esq. The site was well chosen on rising ground at the entrance of the Sprain valley.

Besides the Tawasenthas, (or places of many dead,) numerous skeletons have been discovered in different parts of the town, showing it to have been once numerously populated by the Indian tribes. One of these was recently disinterred in makinosome improvements on the Kingsbridge road nearly opposite the Van Cortlandt residence ; it proved to be on examination the full

Harper's Indian Traits, inlrod. i. 19.

COUNTY OP WESTCHESTER. 405

sized skeleton of an Indian in a sitting posture holding the remains of a small child between its knees. Others have been discovered lying near the surface of the ground on Berrian's Neck ; the back part of the skull of one of these was found perforated hy a musket ball, which still remains in the cavity of the brain. a Of course this Indian perished by fire arms. It may not be inappropriate to mention that Hendrick Hudson had an engagement with the Indians, 1609, at the mouth of the Spuyten Dyvil creek.

The descendants of the last named chief, Tackarcw, conhnned to reside in Yoiikers for more than half a century after the sale to Van der Donck. A. D. 1646, as we find Claas de Wilt, Nemerau, and a sqnaw, Karocapacomont, confirming the Hon. Jacobus ■van Cortlandt in possession of the old Younckers, A. D. 1701.^ 1692, we find an Indian chief at Bedford called Wappowham.^

It may not be inappropriate to mention that Hendrick Hudson had an engagement with the Indians, 1609, at the mouth of the Spuyten Dyvil creek.

The descendants of the last named chief, Tackarcw, conhnned to reside in Yoiikers for more than half a century after the sale to Van der Donck. A. D. 1646, as we find Claas de Wilt, Nemerau, and a sqnaw, Karocapacomont, confirming the Hon. Jacobus ■van Cortlandt in possession of the old Younckers, A. D. 1701.^ 1692, we find an Indian chief at Bedford called Wappowham.^

The last remnant of his tribe in this place was a noble Indian by the name of Shucktaman, who occasionally visited the village, but was oftener to be seen in his canoe cruising along the various Ashing grounds of the Hudson.

We have shown that the next grantee in Younckers, under the Indians, was the renowned Dutch De Heer Adriaen van der Donck. «i "This illustrious personage was a free citizen of Breda in Dutch Brabant, part owner of the famous turf sloop in which a party of Dutch troops were clandestinely introduced, in 1590, into the castle commanding that city, then in the hands of the Spanish, by which stratagem that stronghold fell into the hands of their high mightinesses the States General.''^ " Van der Donck enjoys the distinction of having been the first lawyer in the colony of New Netherlands. He received his education at the University of Leyden in Holland, where he attained the degree of Juris utriusque Doctor; he subsequently obtained permission to practice as an advocate in the Supreme Court of Holland. In the autumn of 1642 he embarked on board a vessel belongino; to the

We have shown that the next grantee in Younckers, under the Indians, was the renowned Dutch De Heer Adriaen van der Donck. «i "This illustrious personage was a free citizen of Breda in Dutch Brabant, part owner of the famous turf sloop in which a party of Dutch troops were clandestinely introduced, in 1590, into the castle commanding that city, then in the hands of the Spanish, by which stratagem that stronghold fell into the hands of their high mightinesses the States General.''^ " Van der Donck enjoys the distinction of having been the first lawyer in the colony of New Netherlands. He received his education at the University of Leyden in Holland, where he attained the degree of Juris utriusque Doctor; he subsequently obtained permission to practice as an advocate in the Supreme Court of Holland. In the autumn of 1642 he embarked on board a vessel belongino; to the

' In possession of H. S. Gates, M. D., of Yonkcrs village.

b See Van Cortlandt's confirmation.

' See Bedford.

d Donck is a village in South Holland, three and a half leagues from Corenm.

• O'Callaghan's Hist. N. N. 327.

406 ^' ' HISTORY OF THE "

Patroon Killian van Rensselaer, for the New Netherlands, On his arrival he was created sheriff" of Rensselaerwyck."=i

^fter remaining here for tv\^o or three years, and finding himself disappointed in his efforts to plant a colony in that neighborhood, "he obtained, in consideration of the assistance he afi"orded in negotiating the treaty between the Director General and the Mohawks, and in return for the advances he thenimade to enable the government to purchase presents for the Indians, the tract of land called Nejyperhaem. This valuable property was situated on the east side of Hudson's river, about sixteen miles above New Amsterdam, It was bounded on the north by a stream which the Indians called Maccakassin and ran south to Neperhaem ; thence to the tShorakapJwck kill, and to Pajnrinimen creek, called by the Dutch ' Spuyten dnyve!,' whence it stretched eastward to the river Bronx, The title of this colonic was '■Colen Donck,^ Donck's colon}^, and the proprietor thereof was invested with all the rights and privileges contained in the charter of 1629."'^ If Van der Donck obtained these lands in marriage with his wife Mary, as her brother affirmed, he certainly had the sanction of the Lords Directors of the Dutch West India Company, as Earls of the province of New Holland, as well as a charter afterwards, and a deed of confirmation from the ancient lords of the soil.

This valuable property was situated on the east side of Hudson's river, about sixteen miles above New Amsterdam, It was bounded on the north by a stream which the Indians called Maccakassin and ran south to Neperhaem ; thence to the tShorakapJwck kill, and to Pajnrinimen creek, called by the Dutch ' Spuyten dnyve!,' whence it stretched eastward to the river Bronx, The title of this colonic was '■Colen Donck,^ Donck's colon}^, and the proprietor thereof was invested with all the rights and privileges contained in the charter of 1629."'^ If Van der Donck obtained these lands in marriage with his wife Mary, as her brother affirmed, he certainly had the sanction of the Lords Directors of the Dutch West India Company, as Earls of the province of New Holland, as well as a charter afterwards, and a deed of confirmation from the ancient lords of the soil. The Indian grantors were Tackarew, Claes, and seven others. This fact is proved by the testimony taken before his Excellency, Richard NicoUs, the first English Governor of New York, A. D, 16(34, when it was distinctly declared, " That the Indian proprietor's name, who was chief of them, was Tackareia, living at the Navisans, (the highlands of the Nevisink, N, J.) who acknowledged ye purchase as before described, and that he had recived satisfaction for it. Claes ye Indian having interest in a part, acknowledged to have sold and received satisfaction of Van der Donck. All the rest of ye Indians, being seven or eight, acknowledged to have received full satisfactionc likewise.

D, 16(34, when it was distinctly declared, " That the Indian proprietor's name, who was chief of them, was Tackareia, living at the Navisans, (the highlands of the Nevisink, N, J.) who acknowledged ye purchase as before described, and that he had recived satisfaction for it. Claes ye Indian having interest in a part, acknowledged to have sold and received satisfaction of Van der Donck. All the rest of ye Indians, being seven or eight, acknowledged to have received full satisfactionc likewise.

The Jonge Heer being now a member of the privileged order

« N. Y. Hist. Soc. Coll. ii. sec i. 27. <» O'Callaghaii's Hist, N. N. 382.

e Alb. Rec. Courts of Assize, i.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 407

of PatroonSji enjoyed all the feudal appendages attached thereto, such as power to erect a church or churches ; to administer jurisdiction, to decide civil suits, to impose fines, to pronounce the first sentence, finally to exercise all rights belonging to the jurisdiction of Colen Donck together with the right of hunting, fowling, fishing and trading according to immunities granted in the same. Soon after the settlement of our Patroon at Colen Donck, there arose a controversy between the government of the Colony of New Netherlands and several of the colonists ; among the most forward of the latter was Adriaen van der Donck. who with others united in a strong remonstrance to the States General of Holland, complaining of the power exercised by the Dutch West India Co. especially during the administrations of Kieft and Stuyvesant. This remonstrance was afterwards printed at the Hague A. D. 1650. and formed a small vol. (quarto) of fifty pages entitled "Vertooghb van Nieuw Nederlandt, weghens de Ghelegenhetyd, Vruchtbaerheydt, en soberen Slaet desselfs. In s' Graven Hage 1650, (An Exposition of the New Netherlands, in respect to the situation, fertility, and wretched condition of the country.

Soon after the settlement of our Patroon at Colen Donck, there arose a controversy between the government of the Colony of New Netherlands and several of the colonists ; among the most forward of the latter was Adriaen van der Donck. who with others united in a strong remonstrance to the States General of Holland, complaining of the power exercised by the Dutch West India Co. especially during the administrations of Kieft and Stuyvesant. This remonstrance was afterwards printed at the Hague A. D. 1650. and formed a small vol. (quarto) of fifty pages entitled "Vertooghb van Nieuw Nederlandt, weghens de Ghelegenhetyd, Vruchtbaerheydt, en soberen Slaet desselfs. In s' Graven Hage 1650, (An Exposition of the New Netherlands, in respect to the situation, fertility, and wretched condition of the country. At the Hague, 1650.) This attempt to shake the authority of the Dutch West India Company, proved abortive, and only served to re-act unfavorably upon the disaffected ; 19 March, 1050, occurs a contract between the Dutch West India Co., Van der Donck and others, for the transportation of 200 persons to New Netherlands.= November 29, 1650, Cornelis Van Tienhoven secretary of the New Netherlands, delivered to the States General a short statement or answer upon certain points contained in the memorial of Van der Donck and others to their High Mightinesses. ^^

Van der Donck, also appears to have been one of the commissioners who repaired to Holland for a redress of grievances for May, 13, 16.52, occurs the memorial of Adriaen van der Donck to

At the Hague, 1650.) This attempt to shake the authority of the Dutch West India Company, proved abortive, and only served to re-act unfavorably upon the disaffected ; 19 March, 1050, occurs a contract between the Dutch West India Co., Van der Donck and others, for the transportation of 200 persons to New Netherlands.= November 29, 1650, Cornelis Van Tienhoven secretary of the New Netherlands, delivered to the States General a short statement or answer upon certain points contained in the memorial of Van der Donck and others to their High Mightinesses. ^^

Van der Donck, also appears to have been one of the commissioners who repaired to Holland for a redress of grievances for May, 13, 16.52, occurs the memorial of Adriaen van der Donck to

0 A title derived from tlie Latin Patronus like the French Seignior.

b Vertoogh sometimes means remonstrance.

c Holland Doc. xvi. 191.

d Holl. Doc. No. Ivii. 360. - -

408 HISTORY OF THE

the coininittee of the States General, staling his intended return to the New Netherlands. a

Again, May 30, 1G52, a second memorial from Adriaen van der Donck to the same body, •' respecting various matters connected with his visit to Holland on behalf of Gemeente at New Netherlands. 1^

During the Patroon's stay in Holland, he had shipped for Colen Donck seven persons, four of whom had cruelly deserted and betrayed him. Upon this we find him again petitioning the Directors of the Dutch We.^t Iiidia Company's department, Amsterdam.

the coininittee of the States General, staling his intended return to the New Netherlands. a

Again, May 30, 1G52, a second memorial from Adriaen van der Donck to the same body, •' respecting various matters connected with his visit to Holland on behalf of Gemeente at New Netherlands. 1^

During the Patroon's stay in Holland, he had shipped for Colen Donck seven persons, four of whom had cruelly deserted and betrayed him. Upon this we find him again petitioning the Directors of the Dutch We.^t Iiidia Company's department, Amsterdam.

Remonstrates reverently, Adriaen Van der Donck, residing in New Netherlands that to the supplicant was granted by the Director General and Company in New Netherlands, the Saw Kill with the adjacent lands to erect there saw and grist mills, and clear the land for a plantation and farms as far as his property would permit it, which grant was chiefly obtained because the supplicant had contributed a vast deal by his services as mediator, to negotiate and conclude a peace between the director Kieft from the one side and the Indians from the other side, not without great sacrifice from his side, as it was the first part of the year when his presence was wanted at home, and all this at his own expence so that he might assert without boasting that he contributed at least as much to its consolidation than any other person whatever, so that at length peace was concluded when the supplicant advanced the principal part of the money, as the Director General was at thai period not well provided with it to procure seawant,' which was wanted for presents in confirmation of the peace which God be praised, remains yet uninterrupted. After I attained this grant in the year 1646, I resolved to reside here, erected a saw mill and laid out a farm and plantation, and was actually resolved to continue on this spot, when I further with consent of the Director General, purchased a part of said land from the Indians the original proprietors^ who reclaimed it as belonging to them, but the suppliant observing that near the saw kill were valleys used as commons which by enclosure might be properly adapted for hay lands, so was he permitted by the Director General to purchase these valleys from the Indians, on the best possible terms.

After I attained this grant in the year 1646, I resolved to reside here, erected a saw mill and laid out a farm and plantation, and was actually resolved to continue on this spot, when I further with consent of the Director General, purchased a part of said land from the Indians the original proprietors^ who reclaimed it as belonging to them, but the suppliant observing that near the saw kill were valleys used as commons which by enclosure might be properly adapted for hay lands, so was he permitted by the Director General to purchase these valleys from the Indians, on the best possible terms. This induced the supplicant to follow his plan, having obtained as I already mentioned the consent and approbation of the Director General and Council, and included said val-

» Roll. Doc. xxxii. 130, iv.

b Holl Doc. xxxvii. 141.

* ludi^.u name fur sliell nione/.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 409

leys in his purchase, as he did not possess other low lands. This valley contained about 30 or 40 morgen,'' with another handsome vale bordering on said, on the back part of the Island of Manhattans, and stretching as far as Paprinemin called by our people, in spite of the dyvel, where the supplicant was determined to fix his residence as soon as he should have finished all his oonceins at the saw kill ; and which yet remains his firm determination as soon as he shall have returned in safety to that country, as he made every preparation to execute his purpose, by commencing to build on that spot and cultivate the soil ; so because he is delighted with that situation, as because it shall enable him to reap all the advantages of the aforesaid valleys, without which all his great expenses which he made at the saw kill, would be in vain and his prospects in future profits would be obscured, while all his toils and labors would have been rendered useless with respect at least to himself, and whereas the supplicant is informed that some greedy land speculators arrived in 1652, to obtain a grant of these lands in a clandestine manner ; so it is that the supplicant now addresses himself to your honors, with great respect that it may please them to resolve that the supplicant shall not be dispossessed of these lands and valleys, by any individual under any pretext whatsoever, by which doing &c. &c.t>

This valley contained about 30 or 40 morgen,'' with another handsome vale bordering on said, on the back part of the Island of Manhattans, and stretching as far as Paprinemin called by our people, in spite of the dyvel, where the supplicant was determined to fix his residence as soon as he should have finished all his oonceins at the saw kill ; and which yet remains his firm determination as soon as he shall have returned in safety to that country, as he made every preparation to execute his purpose, by commencing to build on that spot and cultivate the soil ; so because he is delighted with that situation, as because it shall enable him to reap all the advantages of the aforesaid valleys, without which all his great expenses which he made at the saw kill, would be in vain and his prospects in future profits would be obscured, while all his toils and labors would have been rendered useless with respect at least to himself, and whereas the supplicant is informed that some greedy land speculators arrived in 1652, to obtain a grant of these lands in a clandestine manner ; so it is that the supplicant now addresses himself to your honors, with great respect that it may please them to resolve that the supplicant shall not be dispossessed of these lands and valleys, by any individual under any pretext whatsoever, by which doing &c. &c.t>

26 May, 1652, occurs an octroy, granting to Adrlaen van der Donck, Patroon of the Colony of Colendonck, power to bequeath his said fief of Colendonck.

26 May, 1652, occurs an octroy, granting to Adrlaen van der Donck, Patroon of the Colony of Colendonck, power to bequeath his said fief of Colendonck.

" The states general of the United Netherlands, to all who shall see or hear these presents, send health. Be it known, that we, at the humble request of Adriaen van der Donck of Breda, Patroon of the colony of Nepperhaem, called by him Colendonck, situated in New Netherlands, within the limits of the privileged West India company, and having taken into consideration the 5th article of the freedom granted by the assembly of the nineteen of the saiJ company, to all those who shall plant in New Netherlands aforesaid, have granted, consented and privileged, grant, consent and privilege, out of our sovereign will by these our letters, that he may dispose, bequeath and order the aforesaid, his fief named Colendonck, either by codicil by form of testa^ ment, or last will before a notary and witnesses, superintendence within the property situated in the same, as or otherwise as it shall please him, to the profit of his children, if he have any, or other, strangers, &c., &c,o

» A Dutch morgen contained a little over 2 acres English, 7 morgeu containing 15 acres.

b Alb. Rec. vol. viii. 79.

5 Holland Doc. No. XXV. 118.

Vol. it. 53

410 HISTORY OF THE

- '■ About this period, the Palroon commenced the compilation of his celebrated book, entitled " Beschyvinge van Nieuw Neder- }and," or a description of New Netherland, the copyright of which bears dale, 17th May, 1653.^

Be it known, that we, at the humble request of Adriaen van der Donck of Breda, Patroon of the colony of Nepperhaem, called by him Colendonck, situated in New Netherlands, within the limits of the privileged West India company, and having taken into consideration the 5th article of the freedom granted by the assembly of the nineteen of the saiJ company, to all those who shall plant in New Netherlands aforesaid, have granted, consented and privileged, grant, consent and privilege, out of our sovereign will by these our letters, that he may dispose, bequeath and order the aforesaid, his fief named Colendonck, either by codicil by form of testa^ ment, or last will before a notary and witnesses, superintendence within the property situated in the same, as or otherwise as it shall please him, to the profit of his children, if he have any, or other, strangers, &c., &c,o

» A Dutch morgen contained a little over 2 acres English, 7 morgeu containing 15 acres.

b Alb. Rec. vol. viii. 79.

5 Holland Doc. No. XXV. 118.

Vol. it. 53

410 HISTORY OF THE

- '■ About this period, the Palroon commenced the compilation of his celebrated book, entitled " Beschyvinge van Nieuw Neder- }and," or a description of New Netherland, the copyright of which bears dale, 17th May, 1653.^

The work is dedicated " To the Illustrious, Most Wise and Prudent Lords, the Honorable Ruling Burgomasters of the far-famed commercial City of Amsterdam.

Why mourn about Brazil, full of base Portuguese ] When Van der Donck shows so far much better fare ; V Where wheat fills golden ears, and grapes abound in trees;

- '■ About this period, the Palroon commenced the compilation of his celebrated book, entitled " Beschyvinge van Nieuw Neder- }and," or a description of New Netherland, the copyright of which bears dale, 17th May, 1653.^

The work is dedicated " To the Illustrious, Most Wise and Prudent Lords, the Honorable Ruling Burgomasters of the far-famed commercial City of Amsterdam.

Why mourn about Brazil, full of base Portuguese ] When Van der Donck shows so far much better fare ; V Where wheat fills golden ears, and grapes abound in trees;

^ . Wliere fruit and kine are good with little care ;

Men may mourn a loss, when vain would be their voice, • ■ "^ But when their loss brings gain, they also may rejoice.

■*■ - , Then, reader, if you will, go freely there to live, \ :• '

■ ■'■ . We name it Netherland, though this excels it far ; , '■''■■', If you dislike the voyage, pray due attention give,

To Van der Donck, his book, which, as a leading star,

Directs toward the land where many people are, . .^ _,

'• ■ Where lowland Love and Laws all may freely share.

, • [^Evert Nieuwenhof.^''

24lh of July of the same year, we find him petitioning the Directors of the West India company, for permission to search the records of the colony, and also for leave to pursue the practice of his profession.

The following appears in answer to it :

To Van der Donck, his book, which, as a leading star,

Directs toward the land where many people are, . .^ _,

'• ■ Where lowland Love and Laws all may freely share.

, • [^Evert Nieuwenhof.^''

24lh of July of the same year, we find him petitioning the Directors of the West India company, for permission to search the records of the colony, and also for leave to pursue the practice of his profession.

The following appears in answer to it :

As Mr. Adriaen van der Donck has petitioned our college, [stating] first, that he has received his degree at law in the university of Leyden, and been admitted to practice it before the supreme court of Holland, he may be permitted to follow his profession as advocate in New Netherlands. 2ndly, That he may examine all the records and documents in the secretary's office to accomplish his history of New Netherlands, which he did undertake to write, so is our resolution upon these points, we consent and permit him, that, in conformity with the rules and customs of this country ,he may follow his profession as advocate in New Netherlands, to give his advice to all who

« Holl. Doc. No. xii. 4, No. xiii. 42, No. xiv. 43, No. xv. p. 44, No. xvi. 45, No. xvii. 47. This book has been recently translated from the original Dutch, by the lion. Jeremiah Johason. See 1 vol. new series N. Y. His. Soc.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 411

Adriaen van der Donck has petitioned our college, [stating] first, that he has received his degree at law in the university of Leyden, and been admitted to practice it before the supreme court of Holland, he may be permitted to follow his profession as advocate in New Netherlands. 2ndly, That he may examine all the records and documents in the secretary's office to accomplish his history of New Netherlands, which he did undertake to write, so is our resolution upon these points, we consent and permit him, that, in conformity with the rules and customs of this country ,he may follow his profession as advocate in New Netherlands, to give his advice to all who

« Holl. Doc. No. xii. 4, No. xiii. 42, No. xiv. 43, No. xv. p. 44, No. xvi. 45, No. xvii. 47. This book has been recently translated from the original Dutch, by the lion. Jeremiah Johason. See 1 vol. new series N. Y. His. Soc.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 411

may desire to obtain it -, but, as regards his pleading before the courts, we cannot see that it can be admitted yet, with any advantage to the Director and Council in New Netherlands, besides that we are ignorant of there being any of that stamp in your city (who nevertheless before they can be admitted, must apply to your honor, or directly to our department) who can act and plead against Van der Donck, in behalf of the other side. We trust, that in this, you will consult the interests of your government and the welfare of the inhabitants.

may desire to obtain it -, but, as regards his pleading before the courts, we cannot see that it can be admitted yet, with any advantage to the Director and Council in New Netherlands, besides that we are ignorant of there being any of that stamp in your city (who nevertheless before they can be admitted, must apply to your honor, or directly to our department) who can act and plead against Van der Donck, in behalf of the other side. We trust, that in this, you will consult the interests of your government and the welfare of the inhabitants.

24 July, lG53.a

Adriaen van der Donck married Mary, daiigliter of the Rev. Francis Doughty. Patentee of Mespath, Long Island. In consequence of the absence of all family records, we have no means whereby we can determine the exact date of the Patroon's death, but it is reasonable to conclude from the following document, that it took place circa, 1654, as in it we find his lands settled and divided among liis children. This was previous to tlie general massacre by the Indians, A. D, 16.55.

This letter was despatched by the Director General, Peter Stuyvesant and council, to Holland, in a vessel called the Fox, commanded by the skipper, Jacob Jansen Hay^s.

Honorable, prudent, wise and right respectful gents.

Although since our last letter, no act of hostility has been committed, yet those of Hartford continue their threatenings, anticipates, and encroachments,- and purchased from the savages all the land between Westchester and. the North river,b including different lots of land, which were as well under the administration of the Honorable Gov. Kieft as ours, in the usual manner granted by letters patent, and in virtue of these possessed by those of our nation, as so among others the land of Jonas Bronck, the lands of the old Verdonck divided and settled by his children and associates in various plantations and farms, but who in the massacre'^ were absconded with many others, all which are situated here and bordering on our island, only divided by a small creek, which in some places by low water is passable, so as they to us the

Kieft as ours, in the usual manner granted by letters patent, and in virtue of these possessed by those of our nation, as so among others the land of Jonas Bronck, the lands of the old Verdonck divided and settled by his children and associates in various plantations and farms, but who in the massacre'^ were absconded with many others, all which are situated here and bordering on our island, only divided by a small creek, which in some places by low water is passable, so as they to us the

» Alb. Rec. vol. iv. 3.

b Thos. Pell, proprietor of the manor of Pelham, was authorized by the assembly of Conn., to purchase all the lands from Westchester town to the North river, of the Indians, 1664. Trumbull's Conn., 272, Webster's Letters, 205.

e The massacre here alluded to, took place Sept. 1655, during the absence of Stuyvesant, when the warriors of the Algonquin tribes, made a furious onset upoij the colony. See Bancroft's Ilis. U. S., vol. ii. 299.

412 . r ^ HISTORY OF THE

savages declared and solicited them to purchase other lands to the east ar^d west of the North river, dat. 20 June, 1664.*

On the I2th of March, 16G4, the Dutch possessions in America were patented to his Royal Highness James Duke of York and Albany, by his brother KingCharles II. This grant was immediately followed by a military and naval armament under the command of Colonel Richard PsicoUs, which reduced the New Netherlands to the subjection of the English Crown, 27th August, 1664.

savages declared and solicited them to purchase other lands to the east ar^d west of the North river, dat. 20 June, 1664.*

On the I2th of March, 16G4, the Dutch possessions in America were patented to his Royal Highness James Duke of York and Albany, by his brother KingCharles II. This grant was immediately followed by a military and naval armament under the command of Colonel Richard PsicoUs, which reduced the New Netherlands to the subjection of the English Crown, 27th August, 1664.

One of the articles of capitulation drawn up by the commissioners at the surrender, declared that "all people shall continue free denizens, and shall enjoy their lands, houses and goods, whersoever they are within this country, and dispose of them as they please. b

Sept. 21, 1666, Mary Doughty, widow of the late Adriaen van der Donck, and wife of Hugh 0'Neale,c in right of her former husband, claimed "all that land upon the maine not far from AVestchester, called the Younckers land, and brought forward several Indians to prove the purchase.''^

8th October, 1666, 18th King Charles II. Governor Nicolls granted the following patent to Mr. Hugh O'Neale and Mary his wife,

■. - - PATENT FOR NEPPERHAEM. ' \ ^-■

Richard Nicolls, Esq , governor under his Royal Highness, ye Duke of York, of all his territoryes in America, to all to whom this present writing shall come, sendeth greeting : Whereas there is a certain tract of land within this government, upon the main, bounded to the northwards by a rivulet called by the Indians, Macakassin, so running southward to Nepperhaem, from thence to the kill Shorakkapoch, and then to Paprinimen, which is the southermost bounds, then to go across the country to the eastward by that which is commonly known by the name of Broncks's his river and land, which said tract hath heretofore been purchased of the Indian proprietors by Adriaen van der Donck, deceased, whose relict, Mary, the wife of Hugh O'Neale, one of the patentees is, and due saiisfaction was also given for the same, as hath by

Richard Nicolls, Esq , governor under his Royal Highness, ye Duke of York, of all his territoryes in America, to all to whom this present writing shall come, sendeth greeting : Whereas there is a certain tract of land within this government, upon the main, bounded to the northwards by a rivulet called by the Indians, Macakassin, so running southward to Nepperhaem, from thence to the kill Shorakkapoch, and then to Paprinimen, which is the southermost bounds, then to go across the country to the eastward by that which is commonly known by the name of Broncks's his river and land, which said tract hath heretofore been purchased of the Indian proprietors by Adriaen van der Donck, deceased, whose relict, Mary, the wife of Hugh O'Neale, one of the patentees is, and due saiisfaction was also given for the same, as hath by

" Alb. Rec. vol. xviii. 257.

h Smith's Hist, of N. Y., p. 19.

* Hugh O'Neale, formerly of Newtown, Long Island. Assize Rec. p. 47.

i See. Confirm, of Van der J^onck's i)urcli;ise.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. ' 411-

snme of the said Indians been acknowledged before me : now for a further confirmation unto them, the said Hugh O'Neale and Mary his wife, relict of tiie aforesaid Adriaen van der Donck, in their possession and enjoyment of the premises,

Know ye, that by the virtue of this our commission and authority given unto me by his Royal Highness the Duke of York, I have thought fit to give, ratify, confirm, and grant, and by these presents do give, ratify, confirm, and grant, unto the said Hugh O'Neale and Mary his wife, their heirs and assigns, all the aforementioned tract or parcel of lands called Neperhaem, together •with all woods, marshes, meadows, pastures, waters, lakes, creeks, rivuletts, fishing, hunting, and fowling, and all other profits, commodities and emoluments to the said tract of land belonging, with their and every of their apurtenances, and of every part and parcel thereof, to have and to hold the said tract of land and premises, with all and singular their appurtenances, unto the said Hugh O'Neale and Mary his wife, their heirs and assignes, to the proper use and behoofe of the said Hugh O'Neale and Mary his wife, their heirs and assigns forever, he, she, or they, or any of them, rendering and paying such acknowledgment, duties, as are or shall be constituted and ordayned by his Royal Highness the Duke of York and his heirs, or such governor or governors as shall from time to time be appointed and set over them within this province.