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GENEALOGY COLLECTION

1^

ALLEN COUNTY PUBLIC LIBRARY

3 1833 01149 0262

Digitized by the Internet Archive

in 2010 with funding from

Allen County Public Library Genealogy Center

http://www.archive.org/details/historyofcountyo01bolt

HON. eALEB HEATHOOTE.

From the original Piciure in the possession of the Right Rev.

William lleathcote de Lancey.

HISTORY

OF THE

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

ITS FIRST SETTLEMENT

TO THE

PRESENT TIME.

• By ROBERT BOLTON. Jr.

AUTHOR OF THE " GUIDE TO NEW ROCHELLE," AND A MEMBER OF THE N. Y. HISTORICAL SOCIETY.

VOLUME I.

" It is the privilege of History to impart the experience of age, without its infirmities ; to bring back things long obscured by time, or sinking into oblivion ; and enable us to form some reasonable conjectures of what may happen to posterity." -- Paulson's Hist, of Holderness.

T.

NEW YORK:

PRINTED BY ALEXANDER S. GOULD,

144 NASSAU STREET.

* ^

1848.

Entered according to the Act of Congress in the year eighteen hundred and forty-eight

BY ROBERT BOLTON, JR. In the Clerk's Office of the District Court for the Southern District of New York.

1281018

TO -

THE INHABITANTS

WESTCHESTER COUNTY,

THESE VOLUMES ARE MOST RESPECTFULLY DEDICATED '

- BY ^

ROBERT BOLTON, Jr.

Pond Field Farm, EastchesteR) -

April nth, 1848. " "

INTRODUCTION,

ABORIGINES.

At the period of the Dutch discovery the Mahicmmi resided on the east shore of the Hudson River. " These were the Mankikani and Mohikans of De Laet, tlie Mahiccanders^ Mohickanders and Nahikanders of the Dutch, the Manhikans, Mahikans, or Mohegans, according to Professor Ebehng, and the Mohegana or Miihhekanew. (the original name of Mohegans.) According to the English the Mohiccans, Mahiccon, and lastly, Mahiccans, were all one people, originally a branch of the Delaware nation. The Mahiccans and Delawares both say they were once one people."^ " The best information (says Mr.

" These were the Mankikani and Mohikans of De Laet, tlie Mahiccanders^ Mohickanders and Nahikanders of the Dutch, the Manhikans, Mahikans, or Mohegans, according to Professor Ebehng, and the Mohegana or Miihhekanew. (the original name of Mohegans.) According to the English the Mohiccans, Mahiccon, and lastly, Mahiccans, were all one people, originally a branch of the Delaware nation. The Mahiccans and Delawares both say they were once one people."^ " The best information (says Mr. Heckewelder) which I could procure of the extent of the country the Mahicanni inhabited, was from an aged and intelligent man of this nation, whose grandfather had been a noted chief. His report was as follows, to wit : ' When I was a boy, my grandfather used to speak much of old times ; how it had been before the white people came into this country, (that is, the State of New York, in which the relator was born,) and what changes took place since, from time to time. The western bounding line of the Mahicanni was the river Mahicannittuck^ which the white people now call the ' North River.' Our towns and settlements extended on the east side of this river from Thyp-

^ Moulton's Hist, of New York, 226.

yiii INTRODUCTION.

hane or Tnphanne, (a Delaware word for cold stream^ from which the whites have derived the name Tnppan,) to the extent of tide water up this river; here was the uppermost town. From thence our towns were scattered throughout the country on the smaller rivers and creeks. Our nearest neighbors on the east were the Wanipano.^ "a

The western bounding line of the Mahicanni was the river Mahicannittuck^ which the white people now call the ' North River.' Our towns and settlements extended on the east side of this river from Thyp-

^ Moulton's Hist, of New York, 226.

yiii INTRODUCTION.

hane or Tnphanne, (a Delaware word for cold stream^ from which the whites have derived the name Tnppan,) to the extent of tide water up this river; here was the uppermost town. From thence our towns were scattered throughout the country on the smaller rivers and creeks. Our nearest neighbors on the east were the Wanipano.^ "a

"The country between the banks of the Connecticut River^ and the Hudson, (says Mr. Bancroft,) was possessed by independent villages of the Mohegans^ kindred with the Mauhattayis ; whose few smokes once arose amidst the forests on New York Island. "c Mr. Schoolcraft informs us that " The Mohegans and the Minci were two tribes of Algonquin lineage, who inhabited the valley of the Hudson between New York and Albany." Mohegan, (continues the same authority,) is a word, the meaning of which is not explained by the early writers ; but if we may trust the deductions of philology, it needs create little uncertainty. In the Mohegan, as spoken at the present time by their lineal descendants, the Slockbridges of Wisconsin^ Maihtshow^ is the name of the common wolf. It is called, in cognate dialects of the Algonquin, Myegan by the Kenistenos, and Myeengun by the Chippewas, Ottawas and Pottowattomies. In the old Algonquin, as given by La Hontan, it is Mahingan, and we perceive that this was the term employed by the early French writers for the Mohegans. In the language of the Indian priests or medais, a mystical use of the names of various objects in the animated creation is made, in order to clothe their arts with the degree of respect and authority, which ignorant nations are ready to pay to whatsoever they do not fully understand ; in other words, that which is mysterious.

In the old Algonquin, as given by La Hontan, it is Mahingan, and we perceive that this was the term employed by the early French writers for the Mohegans. In the language of the Indian priests or medais, a mystical use of the names of various objects in the animated creation is made, in order to clothe their arts with the degree of respect and authority, which ignorant nations are ready to pay to whatsoever they do not fully understand ; in other words, that which is mysterious. Thus, in the medicen songs of the Odjibwas. a wolf is called, not Myeengun, the popular term, but Mohhwag. It is believed the priests of the ancient Mohegans made similar distortion of their words, for similar ends, and that the terms Moh hi Kan and Moh hin gan, used by the early French

• Moulton's Hist, of New York, part i. 227.

b Connecticoota, meaning Long River, was the Indian name, says Judge Benton.

'■ Bancroft's Hist. U. S. A., vol. iii. 239.

INTRODUCTION. ix

missionary writers for this tribe, furnish the origin of the term. The term itself, it is to be understood, by which the tribe is known to us, is not the true Indian, but has been shorn of a part of its sound, by the early Dutch, French and English writers. The modern tribe of the Mohegans^ to whom allusion has been made, called themselves Muhhekamew. This is, manifestly, a compound declarative phrase, and not a simple nominative, and is equivalent to the phrase, '• I am ^ Mohegan." It is in accordance both with religious custom, and the usage of the Indian priesthood, to infer a unity of superstitious practices in nearly affiliated tribes. In this manner the word "Mohegan" was used to denote^ not a common wolf, but the caries lupus, under the supposed influence of medical or necromantic arts.

This is, manifestly, a compound declarative phrase, and not a simple nominative, and is equivalent to the phrase, '• I am ^ Mohegan." It is in accordance both with religious custom, and the usage of the Indian priesthood, to infer a unity of superstitious practices in nearly affiliated tribes. In this manner the word "Mohegan" was used to denote^ not a common wolf, but the caries lupus, under the supposed influence of medical or necromantic arts. In other words, Mohegan was a phrase to denote an enchanted wolf, or a wolf of supernatural power. This was the badge or arms of the tribe, rather than the name of the tribe itself. And this also, it may be inferred, constituted originally, the point of distinctiouj between them and the Minci, or wolf tribe proper. The affinities of the Mohegans with the Minciy or Moncees, on the west banks of the Hudson, and through them with the Delawaj'Gs, are apparent in the language, and were well recognized at the era of the settlement."a

" The universal name the Monseys have for New York, (says Mr. Heckewelder) is Laaphawachking, or the place of stringing headsy '

The Mohegans were again sub-divided into numerous bands, each known by a distinctiye name. Among these, inhabiting the County, may be enumerated the Siwanoys, who occupied the northern shores of the Sound *• from Norwalk to 24 miles to the neighborhood of Hellgate." How far they claimed jurisdiction inland is uncertain.

The Manhattans had their principal settlement on New York island, and from thence north to the bounds of Yonkers, nearly opposite T'«pp^n, The WECKauASj^Ecics possessed the

The Mohegans were again sub-divided into numerous bands, each known by a distinctiye name. Among these, inhabiting the County, may be enumerated the Siwanoys, who occupied the northern shores of the Sound *• from Norwalk to 24 miles to the neighborhood of Hellgate." How far they claimed jurisdiction inland is uncertain.

The Manhattans had their principal settlement on New York island, and from thence north to the bounds of Yonkers, nearly opposite T'«pp^n, The WECKauASj^Ecics possessed the

*■ Proceedings of N. Y. Hist. See. 1844, 8/.

YoL. I. B

X INTRODUCTION.

country '' lying between two rivulets called the Smt Sinck and ArtJionck, lying between the East and North rivers."

The Si NT Sincks occupied the present town of Ossin ing, and its immediate vicinity. ^

The KiTCHAWoNKs claimed the lands bordering the Kitchawan or Crotoii River, and as far north as St. Anthony's Nose in the Highlands.

The Pachami and Wappingers possessed the Highlands.

The Tankitekes "resided in the rear of Sing Sing."*

The principal Indian villages appear to have been as follows :

Nappeckamak, Kestaubaiuck,

Weecquaesguck, Kitchawan,

Alipconck, Sackhoes,

Sinck Sinck. Kekisconck,

Nanichiestawack, Betuck-quapock,

Momoronuck, Pasquashic. Noapaim.

" The three prominent Indian names for the Hudson River, (says Mr. Schoolcraft) are 'The MohegaUj^ Chatemuc," and the Cahotalea."

Like their neighbors, the Indians of Westchester were in subjection to the Iroquois, and acknowledged it by the payment of an annual tribute.

* O'Callaghan's Hist, of N. N., 240.

b Mohegan River.

e " Shaila, in the cognate dialect of the Odjibwa, means a pelican." " Uc is the ordinary inflection for locality "-^Mr. Schoolcraft's Paper, Proceedings of N. Y. Hist. Soc 1844. " The great white pelican (P. trachyrhyncus) was formerly numerous on the Hudson and other rivers and lakes of this State. At the present dayit has entirely disappeared, and I do not know of its existence even as an accidental visitor."-- Nat.

b Mohegan River.

e " Shaila, in the cognate dialect of the Odjibwa, means a pelican." " Uc is the ordinary inflection for locality "-^Mr. Schoolcraft's Paper, Proceedings of N. Y. Hist. Soc 1844. " The great white pelican (P. trachyrhyncus) was formerly numerous on the Hudson and other rivers and lakes of this State. At the present dayit has entirely disappeared, and I do not know of its existence even as an accidental visitor."-- Nat. Hist, of N. Y., by James de Kay.

INTRODUCTION. xi

A GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE COUNTY.

In givino;- a history of the County, it appears proper to begin with a recital of the act framing the same, entitled " An Act to divide the Province of New York and dependencies into Shires and Counties, (fcc."

"Having taken into consideration the necessity of dividing the Province into respective Countys, for the better governing and settling courts in the same, be it enacted by the Governor, Council and the Representatives, and by the authority of the same, that the said Province be divided into twelve Countys as followeth : The County of Westchester to conteyne West and Eastchester, Bronx-land, Ford ham, Anne Hook's Neck, Richbells, Miniford's Islands, and all the land on the maine to the eastward of Manhattan's Island as farre as the government extends, and the Yonkers' land, and northward along Hudson's River as farre as the Highland."

"This bill havingr been three times read before the Governor and Council, is assented to the first of November, 1683."^

"Having taken into consideration the necessity of dividing the Province into respective Countys, for the better governing and settling courts in the same, be it enacted by the Governor, Council and the Representatives, and by the authority of the same, that the said Province be divided into twelve Countys as followeth : The County of Westchester to conteyne West and Eastchester, Bronx-land, Ford ham, Anne Hook's Neck, Richbells, Miniford's Islands, and all the land on the maine to the eastward of Manhattan's Island as farre as the government extends, and the Yonkers' land, and northward along Hudson's River as farre as the Highland."

"This bill havingr been three times read before the Governor and Council, is assented to the first of November, 1683."^

Westchester County was represented in the first Legislative Assembly of the Colony, which met at New York on the 9th of April, 1691 ;b and it has constituted one County to this time, having been organized as such by the General Acts of 178S and 1801. It is situated on the east side of the Hudson, immediately north of New York County : bounded north by Putnam and Dutchess Counties; east by the State of Connecticut ; southerly by Long Island Sound and East River ; west by Haarlem River and the Hudson, or by New York County, the State of New Jersey, and the County of Rockland in this State. The area may be 480 square miles -- 307,200 acres -- situated between 40^ 47^,

» Provincial Laws of N. Y., County Clerk's Office, Queens Co., L. I. The above act was confirmed on the 1st of October, 1691.

It is situated on the east side of the Hudson, immediately north of New York County : bounded north by Putnam and Dutchess Counties; east by the State of Connecticut ; southerly by Long Island Sound and East River ; west by Haarlem River and the Hudson, or by New York County, the State of New Jersey, and the County of Rockland in this State. The area may be 480 square miles -- 307,200 acres -- situated between 40^ 47^,

» Provincial Laws of N. Y., County Clerk's Office, Queens Co., L. I. The above act was confirmed on the 1st of October, 1691.

b In the person of John Pell, Esq. On the 20th Oct., 1635, James II. appointed John Peli, John Palmer, William Richardson, Joseph Horton, sen., and Joseph Theale, Justices of the Peace in the County of Westchester.

xu

INTRODUCTION.

and 41*^ 22' north latitude, 103' east, and 32' east longitude from New York.

The County is thus described by William Smith the historian of New York, in 175G.

'' Westchester County is large, and includes all the land beyond the Island of Manhallans along the Sound to the Connecticut line, which is its eastera boundary. It extends northward to the middle of the Highlands, and westward to IIudson''s River. A great part of this count)' is contained in the manors of Philipsburgh, Pelham, Fordham, and Courtlandt, the last of which has the privilege of sending a representative to the General Assembly. The count}' is tolerably settled. Tlie lands are in general rough but fertile, and therefore the farmers run principally on grazing. It has several towns, Eastchesler, Westchester, New Rochelle, Rye, Bedford, and North Castle. The inhabitants are either English or Dutch Presbyterians, Episcopalians, Quakers, and French Protestants. The former are the most numerous. The two Episcopal missionaries are settled at Ri/e and Eastchester, and receive each jCGO annually taxed upon the county.

A great part of this count)' is contained in the manors of Philipsburgh, Pelham, Fordham, and Courtlandt, the last of which has the privilege of sending a representative to the General Assembly. The count}' is tolerably settled. Tlie lands are in general rough but fertile, and therefore the farmers run principally on grazing. It has several towns, Eastchesler, Westchester, New Rochelle, Rye, Bedford, and North Castle. The inhabitants are either English or Dutch Presbyterians, Episcopalians, Quakers, and French Protestants. The former are the most numerous. The two Episcopal missionaries are settled at Ri/e and Eastchester, and receive each jCGO annually taxed upon the county. The town of Westchester is an incorporated borough, enjoying a mayor's court and the right of being represented by a member in Assembly.""^

REPRESENTATIVE POPULATION OF WESTCHESTER COUNTY

FOR 1846.

Towns.

Total population.

Bedford,

Cortlandt, .

Green burgh,

Eastchester,

Harrison,

Lewisboro, .

Mount Pleasant,'^

Mamaroneck,

Deduct alien.

not

Total retaxed, and persons

presentative

of color.

population.

. 1743

. 2055

• Snnilh'8 Hist of N. Y.

b Mount Pleasant includes the inmates of the county poor-house, which is returned in the ccnHus separately, as follows ; total number of inmates 184, aliens not naturalized, and persons of color not taxed, 25.

INTRODUCTION.

xiu

North Castle,

. 2010

New Castle,

. 1495

North Salem,

. 1228

New Rochelle,

. 1977

Ossia-ing,^

. 3312

Pelham,

. 486

Poimdridge,

. 1427

Rye, .

. 2180

Somers,^

. 1761

Scarsdale, .

. 341

Westchester,c

. 5052

White Plains,

. 1155

b Mount Pleasant includes the inmates of the county poor-house, which is returned in the ccnHus separately, as follows ; total number of inmates 184, aliens not naturalized, and persons of color not taxed, 25.

INTRODUCTION.

xiu

North Castle,

. 2010

New Castle,

. 1495

North Salem,

. 1228

New Rochelle,

. 1977

Ossia-ing,^

. 3312

Pelham,

. 486

Poimdridge,

. 1427

Rye, .

. 2180

Somers,^

. 1761

Scarsdale, .

. 341

Westchester,c

. 5052

White Plains,

. 1155

Yorktown, .

. 2278

Yonkers,

. 2517

POPULATION OF WESTCHESTER COUNTY FROM 1731 TO 1840.

A. D. 1731, A. D. 1771, A. D. 1786, A. D. 1790,

6,033 21,745 20,554

24,003

A. D. 1800, A. D. 1810, A. D. 1835, A. D. 1840,

27,423 30,272 37,791

48,686

" The County of Westchester comprises a very important section of this state : washed on the west by the Hudson, on the south by the East River and Long Island Sound, it enjoys very superior advantages for trade and commerce, with a fine soil for agriculture, and a charming diversity of surface and of elegant situation ; while its contiguity to the great commercial metropolis of North America, completes a proud superiority of geographical position. The north-west corner is considerably broken by the south-eastern border of the Highlands, of a mountain character; and a range of hills of moderate height extends from York Island toward the north-east extremity, on which are

» Name changed to Ossin-ing in 1846. See Sess. Laws, chap. 30, sec. 5. b Part of Somers annexed to Newcastle. See Laws of 1846, chap. 249. * West Farms erected from part of Westchester. See Sess. Laws, 184, chap. 279.

The north-west corner is considerably broken by the south-eastern border of the Highlands, of a mountain character; and a range of hills of moderate height extends from York Island toward the north-east extremity, on which are

» Name changed to Ossin-ing in 1846. See Sess. Laws, chap. 30, sec. 5. b Part of Somers annexed to Newcastle. See Laws of 1846, chap. 249. * West Farms erected from part of Westchester. See Sess. Laws, 184, chap. 279.

xiv INTRODUCTION.

situated the heights and hills much known in the Revolutionary war, particularly in the year 1776. Besides Harlem, Hudson and East Rivers, forming the boundaries, there are several small streams that afford many mill seats. Peekskill Creek and Croton River, which rise in Dutchess and Putnam counties, run south-westward across the north-western part of Westchester County to the Hudson. Saw Mill River runs from Mount Pleasant to the Hudson at Yonkers ; and Bronx River, the largest, Hutchinson's and Mamaroneck Rivers run south into the East River. Byram River runs from Westchester, principally in Connecticut, and forms two miles of the state boundary from its mouth in East River, which receives some other small streams from the south-east angle of Westchester County, direct across the south-west angle of Connecticut."

*' The soil of this County admits of no general character, except that its tillage is productive to the agriculturist. The style of its agriculture is in the first order, if we except Dutchess. The lower part has considerable of ornamental farming and gardening, where are the seats of men of opulence, cultivated with niuch taste." The manufactures are numerous. White Plains and Bedford are the half shire towns. "Tarrytown, Sing Sing, and some others, are charming positions on the Hudson, where are small villages and landings, with considerable trade. Tappan Bay, a wide place in the Hudson, is here three miles in width, where crowds of shipping are constantly seen passing in opposite directions, exhibiting a most elegant display of commercial activity.''^

The lower part has considerable of ornamental farming and gardening, where are the seats of men of opulence, cultivated with niuch taste." The manufactures are numerous. White Plains and Bedford are the half shire towns. "Tarrytown, Sing Sing, and some others, are charming positions on the Hudson, where are small villages and landings, with considerable trade. Tappan Bay, a wide place in the Hudson, is here three miles in width, where crowds of shipping are constantly seen passing in opposite directions, exhibiting a most elegant display of commercial activity.''^

''The County of Westchester is based on primitive rock called hypogcne, or granite gneiss, lons^ ridges of which intersect the county, with here and there small veins of iron ore and quartz. Large numbers of granite boulders are found here, both inland and on the coast; also some fine quarries of white marble and two silver and gold mines at Sing Sing and Peekskill." According to the late geographical survey the principal minerals are, white marble, iron ore, galena, sulphate of barytes,

» See Spafford's Gazetteer of N. Y.

INTRODUCTION. xv

copper, iron and zinc, oxide of manganese, green carbonate of copper, serpentine, calcareous spar, phosphate of lime, hydrate and carbonate of magnesia, quartz, drusy, calcedony, agate, jasper, hyroxene, hornblende, asbestos, actynolite, homolite, hyderous anthophylite, felspar, stilbite, garnet, epidote, chenite, tourmaline, sphene, vanquelemite, magnetic pyrites, chromate of iron, red ochre and red chalk.

The natural growth of wood is very extensive, especially upon the higher lands. Among the principal varieties may be enumerated the White Oak, (duercus Alba,) Red Oak, (Quercus Rubra,) Pin Oak, (duercus Paluster,) and the Black Oak, (Quertetron ;) the White Elm, (ulmus Americana ;) Red or Slippery Elm, (Ulmus Fulva,) and the Witch Elm, (Ulmus Montana ;) the Plane or Buttonwood, (Platanus ;) the Ash, (Traxinus ;) Basswood, Lim.e or Linden, (Zelia ;) Beach, (Tagus ;) Birch, (Betula :) Maple, (Acer ;) Locust, (Robinia ;) Chesnut, (Castanea;) Walnut, (Juglans ;) Hickory, (Carya ;) the Whitewood or Tulip, (Liriodendron :) Dogwood, (Cornus ;) Hemlock or Spruce, and the Red Cedar (Juniperus.)

Among the principal varieties may be enumerated the White Oak, (duercus Alba,) Red Oak, (Quercus Rubra,) Pin Oak, (duercus Paluster,) and the Black Oak, (Quertetron ;) the White Elm, (ulmus Americana ;) Red or Slippery Elm, (Ulmus Fulva,) and the Witch Elm, (Ulmus Montana ;) the Plane or Buttonwood, (Platanus ;) the Ash, (Traxinus ;) Basswood, Lim.e or Linden, (Zelia ;) Beach, (Tagus ;) Birch, (Betula :) Maple, (Acer ;) Locust, (Robinia ;) Chesnut, (Castanea;) Walnut, (Juglans ;) Hickory, (Carya ;) the Whitewood or Tulip, (Liriodendron :) Dogwood, (Cornus ;) Hemlock or Spruce, and the Red Cedar (Juniperus.)

"This County suffered severely during the Revolution. The whole southern part was marked by the marches, works of defence> or skirmishes and battles of hostile armies ; and, indeed, the active operations of the war in 1776 were principally confined to this region, and in the autumn to this County -- and the two armies were in full force, constantly on the alert, and under the eyes of their respective Commanders-in-Chief And this, too, was probably the most interesting period of the war, though attended with no exploits of very brilliant fame. The British with a numerous army, and a powerful marine, were in possession of New York, while Washington, with an inferior and badly supplied army, dispirited by the affair of Long Island, was merely manoeuvring to keep them in check. The battle of W^hite Plains, October '2S(h, will long be remembered, as will the dismal prospect of that year, when the Patriot Fathers of America had still the couraore to declare Independence, and assert the rights of nature and of nations. a But though the morning

The British with a numerous army, and a powerful marine, were in possession of New York, while Washington, with an inferior and badly supplied army, dispirited by the affair of Long Island, was merely manoeuvring to keep them in check. The battle of W^hite Plains, October '2S(h, will long be remembered, as will the dismal prospect of that year, when the Patriot Fathers of America had still the couraore to declare Independence, and assert the rights of nature and of nations. a But though the morning

: , "^ July 4. 1776. - > •

xvi INTRODUCTION.

sun of Declared Independence arose thus in a cloud, -- while yet it wrs morning, Princeton, Trenton and the plains of Saratoga enjoyed a broad refulgence, diffusing new spirits over the nation. And it were well worthy the attention of every American youth to study the history of that war, and thus learn the price paid for Independence ; the better to know how to appreciate its value. Nor ought we to forget that the privileges so dearly purchased, can only be preserved to our posterity, by that zeal for our country which governed the conduct of our Aethers, now descended to the grave."^

''The County of Westchester," says Mr. N. P. Willis, 'Mias been made the scene of, perhaps, the best historical novel of our country, and, n;ore than any other part of the United States, suffered from the evils of war. The character and depredations of the " Cow-hoys'' and " Skinners,'^ whose fields of action were on the skirts of this "Neutral Ground," are familiar to all who have read " the Essay" of Mr. Cooper. A distinguished clergyman^ gives the following very graphic picture of Westchester County in those days : --

Willis, 'Mias been made the scene of, perhaps, the best historical novel of our country, and, n;ore than any other part of the United States, suffered from the evils of war. The character and depredations of the " Cow-hoys'' and " Skinners,'^ whose fields of action were on the skirts of this "Neutral Ground," are familiar to all who have read " the Essay" of Mr. Cooper. A distinguished clergyman^ gives the following very graphic picture of Westchester County in those days : --

" In the autumn of 1777, 1 resided for some time in this County. The lines of the British were then in the neighborhood of King's Bridge, and those of the Americans at Byram River. The unhappy inhabitants were, therefore, exposed to the depredations of both. Often they were actually plundered, and always were liable to this calamity. They feared every body whom they saw, and loved nobody. It was a curjoijs fact to a philosopher, and a melancholy one to hear their conversation. To every question they gave such an answer as would please the inquirer ; or, if they despaired of pleasing, such a one as would not provoke him. Fear was, apparently, the only passion by which they were animated. The power of volition seemed to have deserted them. They were not civil, but obsequious ; not obliging, but subservient. They yielded with a kind of apathy, and very quietly, what you asked, and what they supposed it impossible for them to retain. If you treated them Hindly, they received it coldly ; not as a kindness, but as a compensation for

To every question they gave such an answer as would please the inquirer ; or, if they despaired of pleasing, such a one as would not provoke him. Fear was, apparently, the only passion by which they were animated. The power of volition seemed to have deserted them. They were not civil, but obsequious ; not obliging, but subservient. They yielded with a kind of apathy, and very quietly, what you asked, and what they supposed it impossible for them to retain. If you treated them Hindly, they received it coldly ; not as a kindness, but as a compensation for

» .SpafTord's Gazetteer of N. Y. Upon the evacuation of New York by the British forccfi, Nov. 2^, 178.3, the Governor of the Stqite and Commander-in-chief were escorted by a body of Westchester Light horse, commanded by Captain Delavan." -- Editor.

t Dr, Timothy Dwight's Travels, 3d vol.

INTRODUCTION. xvii

injuries done them by others. When you spoke to them, they answered you without either good or ill nature, and without any appearance of reluctance or hesitation ; but they subjoined neither questions nor remarks of their own ; proving to your full conviction, that they felt no interest either in the conversation or yourself. Both their countenances and their motions had lost every trace of animation and of feeling. The features were smoothed, not into serenity, but apathy ; and, instead of being settled in the attitude of quiet thinking, strongly indicated that all thought beyond what was merely instinctive, had fled their minds for ever.

When you spoke to them, they answered you without either good or ill nature, and without any appearance of reluctance or hesitation ; but they subjoined neither questions nor remarks of their own ; proving to your full conviction, that they felt no interest either in the conversation or yourself. Both their countenances and their motions had lost every trace of animation and of feeling. The features were smoothed, not into serenity, but apathy ; and, instead of being settled in the attitude of quiet thinking, strongly indicated that all thought beyond what was merely instinctive, had fled their minds for ever.

" Their houses, in the meantime, were in a great measure scenes of desolation. Their furniture was extensively plundered, or broken to pieces. The walls, floors, and windows were injured both by violence and decay ; and were not repaired, because they had not the means to repair them, and because they were exposed to the repetition of the same injuries. Their cattle were gone. Their enclosures were burnt, where they were capable of becoming fuel ; and in many cases thrown down where they were not. Their fields were covered with a rank growth of weeds and wild grass.

" Amid all this appearance of desolation, nothing struck my eye more forcibly than the sight of the high road. Where I had heretofore seen a continual succession of horses and carriages, life and bustle lending a sprightliness to all the environing objects, not a single, solitary traveller was seen, from week to week, or from month to month. The world was motionless and silent ; except when one of these unhappy people ventured upon a rare and lonely excursion to the house of a neighbor no less unhappy ; or a scouting party, traversing the country in quest of enemies, alarmed the inhabitants with expectations of new injuries and sufferings.

Where I had heretofore seen a continual succession of horses and carriages, life and bustle lending a sprightliness to all the environing objects, not a single, solitary traveller was seen, from week to week, or from month to month. The world was motionless and silent ; except when one of these unhappy people ventured upon a rare and lonely excursion to the house of a neighbor no less unhappy ; or a scouting party, traversing the country in quest of enemies, alarmed the inhabitants with expectations of new injuries and sufferings. The very tracks of the carriages were grown over, and obliterated ; and where they were discernible, resembled the faint impressions of chariot wheels .said to be left on the pavements of Herculaneum. The grass was of full height for the scythe ; and strongly realized to my own mind, for the first time, the proper import of that picturesque declaration in the Song of Deborah : ' In the days of Shamgar, the son of Anath, in the days of Jael, the highways were unoccupied, and the travellers walked through by-paths. The inhabitants of the villages ceased ; they ceased in Israel.' "«• , ■- ^

The subjoined account of the County, in 1780, is taken from Dr. Thacher's Military Journal : -- - ' . -

" The country which we lately traversed, about fifty miles in extent, is called " NpuTRAL Ground ;" but the miserable inhabitants who remain are

» American Scenery, by Bartlett and Willis. \^PL. I. 0

The grass was of full height for the scythe ; and strongly realized to my own mind, for the first time, the proper import of that picturesque declaration in the Song of Deborah : ' In the days of Shamgar, the son of Anath, in the days of Jael, the highways were unoccupied, and the travellers walked through by-paths. The inhabitants of the villages ceased ; they ceased in Israel.' "«• , ■- ^

The subjoined account of the County, in 1780, is taken from Dr. Thacher's Military Journal : -- - ' . -

" The country which we lately traversed, about fifty miles in extent, is called " NpuTRAL Ground ;" but the miserable inhabitants who remain are

» American Scenery, by Bartlett and Willis. \^PL. I. 0

xviii INTRODUCTION.

not much favored with the privileges which their neutrality ought to secure to ihem. They are continually exposed to the ravages and insults of infamous banditti, composed of royal refugees and lories. The country is rich and fertile ; and the farms appear to have been advantageously cultivated, but it now has the marks of a country in ruins. A large proportion of the proprietors having abandoned their farms, the few that remain find it impossible to harvest the produce. The meadows and pastures are covered with grass of a summer's growth, and thousands of bushels of apples and other fruit are rotting in the orchards. We brought otf about two hundred loads of hay and grain ; and ten times the amount might have been procured, had teams enough been provided. Those of the inhabitants of the neutral ground who were tories, have joined their friends in New York, and the Whigs have retired into the interior of our country. Some of each side have faken up arms, and become the most cruel and deadly foes.

The meadows and pastures are covered with grass of a summer's growth, and thousands of bushels of apples and other fruit are rotting in the orchards. We brought otf about two hundred loads of hay and grain ; and ten times the amount might have been procured, had teams enough been provided. Those of the inhabitants of the neutral ground who were tories, have joined their friends in New York, and the Whigs have retired into the interior of our country. Some of each side have faken up arms, and become the most cruel and deadly foes. There are within the British lines banditti, consisting of lawless villains, who devote themselves to the most cruel pillage and robbery among the defenceless inhabitants between the lines ; many of whom they carry off to New York, after plundering their houses and farms. These shameless marauders have received the names of Cowboys and Skinners. By their atrocious deeds, they have become a scourge and terror to the people. Numerous instances have been related of these miscreants subjecting defenceless persons to cruel tortures, to compel them to deliver up their money, or to disclose the places where it has been secreted. It is not uncommon for them to hang a man by his neck till apparently dead, then restore him, and repeat the experiment, and leave him for dead. One of these unhappy persons informed me, that when suffering this cruel treatment, the last sensation which he recollects, when suspended by his neck, was a flashing heat over him like that which would be occasioned by boiling water poured over his body ; he was, however, cut down, and how long he remained on the ground insensible, he ki^ows not. A peaceable, unresisting Quaker, of considerable respectability, by the name of Quincy, was visited by several of these vile ruffians ; they first demanded his money, and after it was delivered they suspected he had more concealed, and inflicted on him the most savage cruelties in order to extort it from him.

One of these unhappy persons informed me, that when suffering this cruel treatment, the last sensation which he recollects, when suspended by his neck, was a flashing heat over him like that which would be occasioned by boiling water poured over his body ; he was, however, cut down, and how long he remained on the ground insensible, he ki^ows not. A peaceable, unresisting Quaker, of considerable respectability, by the name of Quincy, was visited by several of these vile ruffians ; they first demanded his money, and after it was delivered they suspected he had more concealed, and inflicted on him the most savage cruelties in order to extort it from him. They began with what they call scorching, covering his naked body with hot ashes, and repeating the application till the skin was covered with blisters ; after this they resorted to the halter, and hung the poor man on a tree by his neck, then took him down, and repeated it a second, and even a third time, and finally left him almost lifeless.'**

Westclicsier CoutUy under the late constitution formed the Second Senatorial, and Assembly Districts; under the present,

• Thacher'd Military Journal, 232.

INTRODUCTION.

she constitutes the Seventh Senatorial with Rockland, and is divided into two Assembly Districts.

JUDGES OF THE COUNTY.

John Pell

John Waters

Caleb Heathcote

Caleb Tompkins .

William Wiliett

William Jay

Frederick Phillips .

Isaac Requa

Isaac Honeywell

Jonathan Ferris .

John Thomas

William Miller .

Lewis Morris, Juu.

Edward Kemeys

They began with what they call scorching, covering his naked body with hot ashes, and repeating the application till the skin was covered with blisters ; after this they resorted to the halter, and hung the poor man on a tree by his neck, then took him down, and repeated it a second, and even a third time, and finally left him almost lifeless.'**

Westclicsier CoutUy under the late constitution formed the Second Senatorial, and Assembly Districts; under the present,

• Thacher'd Military Journal, 232.

INTRODUCTION.

she constitutes the Seventh Senatorial with Rockland, and is divided into two Assembly Districts.

JUDGES OF THE COUNTY.

John Pell

John Waters

Caleb Heathcote

Caleb Tompkins .

William Wiliett

William Jay

Frederick Phillips .

Isaac Requa

Isaac Honeywell

Jonathan Ferris .

John Thomas

William Miller .

Lewis Morris, Juu.

Edward Kemeys

Samuel Purdy

St. John Constant

William Leggett

Ezra Lockwood .

Nathaniel Underbill

Henry White

John Thomas .

John Townsend .

Robert Graham

Nehemiah Brown, Jun

Stephen Ward

Aaron Vark

Gilbert Drake .

Joseph A. Constant

Ebenezer Lockwood

George Case

Jonathan G. Tompkins

Albert Lockwood

Ebenezer Pardy

Robert J. Hart .

Albert Lockwood . 1847.

CLERKS OF THE COUNTY.

Edward Collier .

.

.

.

1688 to 1691

Joseph Lee ....

1691 to 1698

Benjamin Collier

1698 to 1707

John Clapp

1707 to 1711

Daniel Clark

1711 to 1722

William Forster

.■

1722 to 1732

Benjamin Nicoll

1745 to 1746

John Bartow

1760 to 1764

Richard Hatfield

1777 to 1800

Thomas Ferris .

1807 to 1815

Jonathan G. Tompkins

Albert Lockwood

Ebenezer Pardy

Robert J. Hart .

Albert Lockwood . 1847.

CLERKS OF THE COUNTY.

Edward Collier .

.

.

.

1688 to 1691

Joseph Lee ....

1691 to 1698

Benjamin Collier

1698 to 1707

John Clapp

1707 to 1711

Daniel Clark

1711 to 1722

William Forster

.■

1722 to 1732

Benjamin Nicoll

1745 to 1746

John Bartow

1760 to 1764

Richard Hatfield

1777 to 1800

Thomas Ferris .

1807 to 1815

Elijah Crawford

1815 to 1820

William Requa

1820 to 1821

Nehemiah S. Bates

1821 to 1829

Nathaniel Bayles

1829 to 1833

John H. Smith .

1833 to 1837

Chauncey Smith

■■

1837 to 1839

Charles A. Purdy

1839 to 1843

Munson I. Lockwood

1843 to 1849

INTRODUCTION.

SHERIFFS OF THE COUNTY.

Thomas Wheeler, under the Dutch, .... 1654 to 1664

Resolve Waldron, High Sheriff of the North Riding, . 1664 to 1670

Robert Coe, . " " ditto " " . . 1670 to 1671

John Manning . " " ditto " " . . 1671 to 1672

Benjamin Collier, High Sheriff of Westchester County, . 1688 to 1692 Roger Barton ..... j . October 14, 1702 to 1706

Nicholas Cooper 1733 to 1737

Isaac Willet 1737 to 1766

Lewis Graham 1766 to 1768

John de Lancey 1768 to 1769

James de Lancey, Jun., last of the Colonial, . . . 1769 to 1775

John Thomas January 6, 1778 to 1780

Jesse Hunt 1780 to 1781

John Thomas 1781 to 1785

Jesse Hunt 1785 to 1788

Benjamin Collier, High Sheriff of Westchester County, . 1688 to 1692 Roger Barton ..... j . October 14, 1702 to 1706

Nicholas Cooper 1733 to 1737

Isaac Willet 1737 to 1766

Lewis Graham 1766 to 1768

John de Lancey 1768 to 1769

James de Lancey, Jun., last of the Colonial, . . . 1769 to 1775

John Thomas January 6, 1778 to 1780

Jesse Hunt 1780 to 1781

John Thomas 1781 to 1785

Jesse Hunt 1785 to 1788

Thomas Thomas 1788 to 1792

Samuel Haight 1792 to 1796

Elias Newman 1796 to 1799

William Barker 1799 to 1806

Daniel Delavan 1806 to 1807

St. John Constant 1807 to 1810

Elijah Ward 1810 to 1811

St. John Constant 1811 to 1814

Lyman Cook 1814 lo 1815

Zabud June 1815 to 1818

Lyman Cook 1818 to 1821

Ward B. Howard 1821 to 1823

John Townsend 1823 to 1826

Alan McDonald 1826 to 1829

David D. Webbers 1829 to 1832

Aaron Brown 1832 to 1835

Joseph 11. Anderson 1835 to 1838

Amos T. Hatfield 1838 to 1841

Joseph Lyon 1841 to 1844

William H. Briggs 1814 to 1847

James M. Bates 1847.

SURROGATES OF THE COUNTY.

John Bartow <yaleb Fowler Richard Hatfield

1754 to 1761 1761 to 1778

1778 to 1787

INTRODUCTION.

Philip Pell . Elias Newman . Samuel Young . Edward Thomas Samuel Young . Ezra Lockwood Henry White Samuel Young . Ebenezer White, Jun Jonathan Ward . Alexander H. Wells Frederick I. Coffin Lewis C. Piatt ,

1787 to 1796 1796 to 1800

Joseph Lyon 1841 to 1844

William H. Briggs 1814 to 1847

James M. Bates 1847.

SURROGATES OF THE COUNTY.

John Bartow <yaleb Fowler Richard Hatfield

1754 to 1761 1761 to 1778

1778 to 1787

INTRODUCTION.

Philip Pell . Elias Newman . Samuel Young . Edward Thomas Samuel Young . Ezra Lockwood Henry White Samuel Young . Ebenezer White, Jun Jonathan Ward . Alexander H. Wells Frederick I. Coffin Lewis C. Piatt ,

1787 to 1796 1796 to 1800

1800 to

to

1807 to 1808

1808 to 1815 March 16, 1815 to 1819 July 8, 1819 to 1821 Feb. 17, 1821 to 1823

1823 to 1839 1839 to 1844 1844 to 1847 1847 to 1852

Deputies from Westchester County to the Provincial Congress, met at New York, May 23d, 1775.

Gouverneur Morris • Philip van Cortlandt

Lewis Graham James Holmes

James van Cortlandt David Dayton

Stephen Ward John Thomas, Jun.

Joseph Drake Robert Graham

William Paulding.

Members of the New York Convention from Westchester County for deliberating on the adoption of the Constitution of the United States, assembled at Poughkeepsie, Jnne 17, 1788.

Lewis Morris Philip van Cortlandt

Philip Livingston ■••,.7-- Thaddeus Crane " '

Richard Hatfield Lolt W. Sarles.

Delegates from Westchester County to the Convention met at Kingston, Ulster County, to frame the Constitution of the State of New York, April 20th, 1777.

Pierre van Cortlandt Gouverneur Morris Gilbert Drake Lewis Graham

Ebenezer Lockwood

Zebediah Mills Jonathan Piatt Jonathan G. Tompkins.

Delegates from Westchester County met in Convention for

Members of the New York Convention from Westchester County for deliberating on the adoption of the Constitution of the United States, assembled at Poughkeepsie, Jnne 17, 1788.

Lewis Morris Philip van Cortlandt

Philip Livingston ■••,.7-- Thaddeus Crane " '

Richard Hatfield Lolt W. Sarles.

Delegates from Westchester County to the Convention met at Kingston, Ulster County, to frame the Constitution of the State of New York, April 20th, 1777.

Pierre van Cortlandt Gouverneur Morris Gilbert Drake Lewis Graham

Ebenezer Lockwood

Zebediah Mills Jonathan Piatt Jonathan G. Tompkins.

Delegates from Westchester County met in Convention for

xxii INTRODUCTION.

framing the late Constitution of the State of New York, November lOth, 1S21.

Peter A*. Jay, Peter Jay Munro, Jonathan Ward.

Delegates from Westchester County met in Convention, for framing the present Constitution of the State of New York. John Hunter, «. Aaron Ward.

A List of the Officers chosen in the several districts of the South Battalion of Westchester County, {except Westchester,) A. D. 1775.

YONKERS.

John Cock, Captain. John Warner, 2d Lieutenant.

William Belts, 1st Lieutenant. Jacob Post, Ensign.

New officers to be chosen for this company, no commission issued.

EASTCHESTER. Stephen Sneden, Captain. Daniel Sersing, 2d Lieutenant

Thomas Pinckney, 1st Lieutenant. William Pinckney, Ensign.

Commission issued, dated September 20.

NEW ROCHELLE, And Manor of Pelfiarn. Joseph Drake, Captain. James Willis, 1st Lieutenant.

David Guion, 2d Lieutenant. Commission issued and dated 20th September.

PHILIPSBURGH.

Upper Company. Abraham Ledew, Captain. John Belyea, 2d Lieutenant.

Benjamin Brown, 1st Lieutenant. John Oakley, Ensign, (son of Isaac.)

Jacob Post, Ensign.

New officers to be chosen for this company, no commission issued.

EASTCHESTER. Stephen Sneden, Captain. Daniel Sersing, 2d Lieutenant

Thomas Pinckney, 1st Lieutenant. William Pinckney, Ensign.

Commission issued, dated September 20.

NEW ROCHELLE, And Manor of Pelfiarn. Joseph Drake, Captain. James Willis, 1st Lieutenant.

David Guion, 2d Lieutenant. Commission issued and dated 20th September.

PHILIPSBURGH.

Upper Company. Abraham Ledew, Captain. John Belyea, 2d Lieutenant.

Benjamin Brown, 1st Lieutenant. John Oakley, Ensign, (son of Isaac.)

Commission issued September 2, delivered to Mr. Pauldino-.

PH1LIPS5URG1L

Tarrytown Company. Abraham Storms, Captain. Joseph Appleby, 2.1 Lieutenant.

George Combs, Ist Lieutenant. Nathaniel Underbill, Ensign.

Same date, delivered to Mr. Pauldinor.

INTRODUCTION. xxiii

PHILIPSBURGH.

East Company. David Storms, Captain. Gilbert Dean, 2d Lieutenant.

Benjamin Vermilyea, 1st Lieutenant. Gilbert Requaw, Ensign. Same date delivered to Mr. Paulding.

PHILIPSBURGH. -

Lower Company.

Isaac Vermilyea, Captain. Isaac Honeywell, 1st Lieutenant.

Dennis Lent, 2d Lieutenant. Dated September 20, delivered to Mr. Paulding.

MAMARONECK and RYE. .

Except the Upper End of King Street. Robert Blomer, Captain. Ezekiel Halstead, 2d Lieutenant.

Alexander Hunt, 1st Lieutenant. Daniel Horton, Ensign.

SCARSDALE, WHITE PLAINS,

And Brown''s Point. Joshua Hatfield, Captain. Anthony Miller, 2d Lieutenant.

James Verrian, 1st Lieutenant. • . John Falconer, Ensign. , -

HARRISON PRECINCT,

And the Upper End of King Street. Henry Dusinberry, Captain. - Caleb Paulding, 2d Lieutenant.

Lyon Mills, 1st Lieutenant. Gilbert Dusinberry, Ensign.

. ■ . . NORTHCASTLE.

East Company. - "

Benoni Piatt, Captain. Abraham Knapp, 2d Lieutenant.

David Hobby, 1st Lieutenant. Jonathan Guion, Ensign.

Alexander Hunt, 1st Lieutenant. Daniel Horton, Ensign.

SCARSDALE, WHITE PLAINS,

And Brown''s Point. Joshua Hatfield, Captain. Anthony Miller, 2d Lieutenant.

James Verrian, 1st Lieutenant. • . John Falconer, Ensign. , -

HARRISON PRECINCT,

And the Upper End of King Street. Henry Dusinberry, Captain. - Caleb Paulding, 2d Lieutenant.

Lyon Mills, 1st Lieutenant. Gilbert Dusinberry, Ensign.

. ■ . . NORTHCASTLE.

East Company. - "

Benoni Piatt, Captain. Abraham Knapp, 2d Lieutenant.

David Hobby, 1st Lieutenant. Jonathan Guion, Ensign.

NORTHCASTLE. ;

South Company. Benjamin Ogden, Captain. Caleb Merritt, Jun., 2d Lieutenant.

Jeremiah Hunter, 1st Lieutenant. James Brondige, Ensign.

In Northcastle, North Company, there were not persons sufficient in number who had signed the association, to make officers of; so that nothing was done.

xxiv INTRODUCTION.

BEDFORD.

Eastern District.

Lewis McDonald, Jun., Captain. Henry Lord, Sid Lieutenant.

James Miller, 1st Lieutenant. Jesse Miller, Ensign.

BEDFORD.

Western District.

Eli Seely, Captain. Ephraim Raymond, 2d Lieutenant.

Hezekiah Grey, 1st Lieutenant. Gabriel lliggins, Ensign.

POUNDRIDGE. Joseph Lockwood, Captain. William Fansher, 2d Lieutenant.

Noah Bouton, 1st Lieutenant. Gilbert Reynolds, Ensign.

SALEM.

South District,

Abijah Gilbert, Captain. Sands Raymond, 2d Lieutenant,

Jacob Haight, 1st Lieutenant. Joseph Cooley, Ensign.

SALEM.

Northern District.

Thaddeus Crane, Captain. Ezekiel Hawley, 2d Lieutenant.

Jesse Truesdale, 1st Lieutenant. Ebenezer Brown, Ensign.

A List of the Officers chosen in the several districts of the North Battalion^ of Westchester County.

MANOR OF CORTLANDT.

The District late commanded by Francis Lent.

James Kronkhyte, Captain. Staats Degrete, 2d Lieutenant.

Abraham Lamb, 1st Lieutenant, David Penore, Ensign.

The District late commanded by Bartow Underbill. Gilbert van Cortlandt, Captain.

Jacob Haight, 1st Lieutenant. Joseph Cooley, Ensign.

SALEM.

Northern District.

Thaddeus Crane, Captain. Ezekiel Hawley, 2d Lieutenant.

Jesse Truesdale, 1st Lieutenant. Ebenezer Brown, Ensign.

A List of the Officers chosen in the several districts of the North Battalion^ of Westchester County.

MANOR OF CORTLANDT.

The District late commanded by Francis Lent.

James Kronkhyte, Captain. Staats Degrete, 2d Lieutenant.

Abraham Lamb, 1st Lieutenant, David Penore, Ensign.

The District late commanded by Bartow Underbill. Gilbert van Cortlandt, Captain.

Daniel Haines, Ist Lieutenant ; signed the association the day he was chosen. James Teller, 2d Lieutenant. Hermanns Gardiner, Sen., Ensijjn.

INTRODUCTION. xxv

The District late commanded by Jeremiah Drake. Gilbert Lockwood, Captain.

John Drake, 1st Lieutenant; signed the association the day he was chosen. . Joshua Drake, 2d Lieutenant ; the like. Peter Carman, Ensign ; the like.

The District late commanded by Joseph Strang.

John Hyatt, Captain. John Drake, 1st Lieutenant. Obadiah Purdy, 2d Lieutenant.

Joseph Horton, Ensign ; signed the association the day he was elected. Commission issued, dated September 20.

The District late commanded by Ebenezer Theall.

Andrew Brown, Captain. John Crissey Miller, 2d Lieutenant.

Samuel Haight, 1st Lieutenant. Solomon Purdy, Ensign.

Commission issued, dated September 20. ' - '

The North Division of the District, late commanded by Levi Bailey. ' " , .

Nathaniel Delavan, Captain, Titus Runnells, 2d Lieutenant.

Thomas Nicliolls,Jun., 1st Lieutenant. Abraham Purdy, Ensign. Commission issued, dated September 20.

The South Division of the same District.

Gideon Selah, Captain. Caleb Hobby, 2d Lieutenant. i

Samuel Lawrence, 1st Lieutenant. Abraham Todd, Ensign.

John Crissey Miller, 2d Lieutenant.

Samuel Haight, 1st Lieutenant. Solomon Purdy, Ensign.

Commission issued, dated September 20. ' - '

The North Division of the District, late commanded by Levi Bailey. ' " , .

Nathaniel Delavan, Captain, Titus Runnells, 2d Lieutenant.

Thomas Nicliolls,Jun., 1st Lieutenant. Abraham Purdy, Ensign. Commission issued, dated September 20.

The South Division of the same District.

Gideon Selah, Captain. Caleb Hobby, 2d Lieutenant. i

Samuel Lawrence, 1st Lieutenant. Abraham Todd, Ensign.

The Company commanded by David Montross refused to choose officers. ^ .

A List of Officers chosen in the several Districts of the North ^ Battalion of Westchester County.

Manor of Cortlandt, the District late commanded by Francis Lent. ■ V

James Kronckhyte, Captain. Abram Lamb, 1st Lieutenant. ••>

Staats Dregrete, 2d Lieutenant. David Penore, Ensign.

Vol. L D

xxvi INTRODUCTION.

The District late commanded by Bartow Underbill.

Gilbert vaa Cortlandt, Captain.

Dan. Hains, 1st Lieutenant ; signed the association the day he was chosen.

James Teller, 2d Lieutenant.

Hermanns Gardinear, sen'r, Ensign.

The District late commanded by Jeremiah Drake.

Gilbert Lockwood. Captain.

John Drake, 1st Lieutenant ; signed the association the day he was chosen.

Justus A. Drake, 2d Lieutenant ; the like

Peter Carman, Ensign ; the like.

The District late commanded by Joseph Strang.

John Hyatt, Captain.

John Drake, 1st Lieutenant ; commission issued dated Sept. 20.

Obadiah Purdy, 2d Lieutenant.

Joseph Horton, Ensign ; signed the association the day he was elected.

The District late commanded by Ebenezer Theall.

Andrew Brown, Captain.

Gilbert Lockwood. Captain.

John Drake, 1st Lieutenant ; signed the association the day he was chosen.

Justus A. Drake, 2d Lieutenant ; the like

Peter Carman, Ensign ; the like.

The District late commanded by Joseph Strang.

John Hyatt, Captain.

John Drake, 1st Lieutenant ; commission issued dated Sept. 20.

Obadiah Purdy, 2d Lieutenant.

Joseph Horton, Ensign ; signed the association the day he was elected.

The District late commanded by Ebenezer Theall.

Andrew Brown, Captain.

Samuel Haight, 1st Lieutenant.

John Crissey Miller, 2d Lieutenant ; commission issued dated Sept. 20,

Solomon Purdy, Ensio;n.

INTRODUCTION.

xxvu

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INTRODUCTION.

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INTRODUCTION.

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INTRODUCTION". xxix

Intitled List of Field Officers for Westchester County^ Sept.

12, 1775.

(Endorsed on the back, "an old letter on Military Returns," Sec. Stat. Office, fol.

26, 1775, page 13.)

Commissions issued dated October 14, 1775.

FIELD OFFICERS NOMINATED BY THE COMMITTEE OF WESTCHESTER CO.

First Regiment. Joseph Drake, Colonel. James Hammond, Lieutenant. • *

Moses Drake, 1st Major. Jonathan G. Graham, 2d Major. Abraham Emmons, Adjutant.

- Theophilus Bartow, jun'r, Quarter Master, r -

''■ / • Second Regiment.

'. Thomas Thomas, Colonel.

Gilbert Budd, Lieutenant-Colonel.

Ebenezer Lock wood, 1st Major.

Thaddeus Crane, 2d Major.

Jonathan G. Tompkins, Adjutant. - ...

John Thomas, 2d Quarter Master.

Third Regiment.

' ' Pierre van Cortlandt, Colonel.

' Gilbert Drake, Lieutenant-Colonel. - . " -'

.Toseph Strang, 1st Major. ' ■ ] ■

Ebenezer Purdy, 2d Major. K John Cooley, Adjutant.

Isaac Norton, Quarter Master.

THE WESTCHESTER GUIDES

During the Revolution.

John Pine, Michael Dyckman,

''■ / • Second Regiment.

'. Thomas Thomas, Colonel.

Gilbert Budd, Lieutenant-Colonel.

Ebenezer Lock wood, 1st Major.

Thaddeus Crane, 2d Major.

Jonathan G. Tompkins, Adjutant. - ...

John Thomas, 2d Quarter Master.

Third Regiment.

' ' Pierre van Cortlandt, Colonel.

' Gilbert Drake, Lieutenant-Colonel. - . " -'

.Toseph Strang, 1st Major. ' ■ ] ■

Ebenezer Purdy, 2d Major. K John Cooley, Adjutant.

Isaac Norton, Quarter Master.

THE WESTCHESTER GUIDES

During the Revolution.

John Pine, Michael Dyckman,

John Odell, James Oakley,

Abraham Dyckman, Frederick Martin Post,

Isaac Odell.

COUNTY PAPERS.

The " Westchester Herald," edited by Mr. Caleb Roscoe, published at Sing Sing. The " Westchester Spy," Mr. Manuel Noah, Editor, published

XXX INTRODUCTION.

at White Plains. The "Peekskill Republican," Messrs. Richards and Bronson, published at Peekskill. The " Hudson Rivfr Jhronicle," Mr. James B. Swain, Editor, published at Sing Sing. The " Eastern States Journal," Mr. Edmund G. Sutherland, Editor, published at White Plains ; and the " Star Spangled Banner," Mr. A. Hanford, Editor, published at New Rochelle.

LODGES OF ODD FELLOWS,

Established in Westchester County.

Names of the Petitioners for Cortlandt Lodge, L O. of O. F., No. 55, located at Peekskill, Westchester County.

John C. Hitchcock, James L. Seabury,

Caleb H. Bosworth, James M. Spear.

Charter granted by G. L. of N. Y., August 18, 184L

Instiiuted,

Names of the Pelitioners.for Cryptic Lodge, L O. of O. P., No. 75, located at Peekskill, Westchester County.

Joseph L. Cook, Ephraim D. Fuller, C. W. Rogers, William Travis, W. Gorden,

Established in Westchester County.

Names of the Petitioners for Cortlandt Lodge, L O. of O. F., No. 55, located at Peekskill, Westchester County.

John C. Hitchcock, James L. Seabury,

Caleb H. Bosworth, James M. Spear.

Charter granted by G. L. of N. Y., August 18, 184L

Instiiuted,

Names of the Pelitioners.for Cryptic Lodge, L O. of O. P., No. 75, located at Peekskill, Westchester County.

Joseph L. Cook, Ephraim D. Fuller, C. W. Rogers, William Travis, W. Gorden,

Charter granted November 2, 1842. Instituted.

James R. Ferris, James Summerbell, Isaac Hadden, John McCoord, E. D. Hinsdale.

Names of the Petitioners for Westchester Lodge, L O. of 0. F., No. 77 J located at Tarrytown.

Thomas Lindley, Jacob Storms, William G. Darley,

Charter granted November 2, 1842.

Caleb G. Wildey, Thomas Archard, Albert Lewis.

INTRODUCTION. xxxi

Names of the Petitioners for Putnam Lodge, I. O. of O. F.,

No. 89, located at West Farms.

Aaron E, Hovey, James H. Jessup,

William Bayard, Robert L. Archibald,

John P. Descaso.

Charter granted June 15, 1843. •• ' ^

Instituted June 22d, 1843. . ; .

V ■ - ■ ''^

Names of the Petitioners for Ossinsin Lodge, L O. of O. F. No. 97, located at Sing Sing.

Edward van Wart, C. B. Blanchard,

Charles Southvvorth, Benjamin Underwood,

Jonathan Knapp, David J. Foster,

William Campbell, . .' E. J. Sutherland. Charter granted November 1, 1843. - ■

Names of the Petitioners for Melancthon Lodge, I. O. of O. F., No. 163, located at Portchester.

Instituted June 22d, 1843. . ; .

V ■ - ■ ''^

Names of the Petitioners for Ossinsin Lodge, L O. of O. F. No. 97, located at Sing Sing.

Edward van Wart, C. B. Blanchard,

Charles Southvvorth, Benjamin Underwood,

Jonathan Knapp, David J. Foster,

William Campbell, . .' E. J. Sutherland. Charter granted November 1, 1843. - ■

Names of the Petitioners for Melancthon Lodge, I. O. of O. F., No. 163, located at Portchester.

J. V. Wilson, . - C. G. Whiting,

W. A. Todd, J. J. Dealls, " ' /.

William Stivers.

Charter granted June 16, 1845.

Names of the Petitioners for Nepperhan Lodge^ I. O. of O. F., No. 181, located at Yonkers.

Samuel W. Chambers, William Mann,

James Borlane, - James Hughes, ..

Horatio S. Gates, ' ' Peter Garrison,

Ezra B. Keeler, ' William Henry Garrison,

Alfred H. Hyatt, William P. Reviser,

Matthias Warner.

Charter granted September 30, 1845.

Names of the Petitioners for Throgmorton Lodge, I. O. of O. F., located at Westchester.

XXXll

INTRODUCTION.

Timothy S. Gibbons, Titus H. Adee, Andrew Naudain, James A. Timpson, "William W. Waldron, Matson S. Arnow, Andrew Arnow,

Charter granted June 24, 1846.

George Granger, Alexander Tennent, William Bogie, Joseph Barllett, Isaac Poole, Morris E. Linn, John Mitchell.

Presbyterian Church. Bedford.

II I S T O R Y

OF THE

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

BEDFORD.

St. Matthew's Church, Bedford.

The half shire town of the county forms in shape nearly a square, each of its sides being six miles in length. The name is probably derived from the town of the same title in Bedfordshire, England, from whence the early settlers came. The earlier etymology of its name in the Saxon language was Bedanpoxd.^-

Presbyterian Church. Bedford.

II I S T O R Y

OF THE

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

BEDFORD.

St. Matthew's Church, Bedford.

The half shire town of the county forms in shape nearly a square, each of its sides being six miles in length. The name is probably derived from the town of the same title in Bedfordshire, England, from whence the early settlers came. The earlier etymology of its name in the Saxon language was Bedanpoxd.^-

Among the Mohegan Indians Bedford formed a portion of tlie great territory of Rippowams, whicii extended eighteen miles north of Stamford on the Sound, also eiglit miles east and west of tlie same.

It will be shown presently that the chief proprietors of Rippo-

^ Camden's Brittania.

Vol. 1.

2 HISTORY OF THE

warns in 1640, were Ponus, sagamore of Toquams, and Wascussue. sagamore of Shippan.

Cornelius van Tienhoven, (an early Dutch authority.) in describing the bounds of the Indian territory of Wechquaesqueck, says, "tiiis land is situate between two rivulets called Sint Sinck and Armonck, lying between the East and North rivers."* The term Armonck (here alluded to,) is supposed to have been the original Indian appellation for the Byrani river, whose springs arise from the Comonck hills in this town, sometimes called Cohamong ridge ;^ the last syllable onck or ong^ when taken in connection with the rest of the word, denotes "the place or locality where shells are manufactured into wampum." From this we infer that the seawan (the specie currency of the natives,) was once manufactured in large quantities upon the banks of the Byram or Armonck.

Cornelius van Tienhoven, (an early Dutch authority.) in describing the bounds of the Indian territory of Wechquaesqueck, says, "tiiis land is situate between two rivulets called Sint Sinck and Armonck, lying between the East and North rivers."* The term Armonck (here alluded to,) is supposed to have been the original Indian appellation for the Byrani river, whose springs arise from the Comonck hills in this town, sometimes called Cohamong ridge ;^ the last syllable onck or ong^ when taken in connection with the rest of the word, denotes "the place or locality where shells are manufactured into wampum." From this we infer that the seawan (the specie currency of the natives,) was once manufactured in large quantities upon the banks of the Byram or Armonck.

It may not be amiss to inform our readers that " Seawant or Seawan was one of the names for Indian money, called also Wampum, Wampum peague, and Peague, which consisted of herds formed of the shells of the Gluahaug,^ or wilk, a shell fish which was formerly very abundant on our coasts, but lately of more rare occurrence. It was of two colors, the black being held of twice the value of the white ; indeed the last was formed of another shell fish, called Meteauhock, or Periwinkle, also named Suckautock. The current value was six beads of the white or three of the black for an English penny. The first account we have of the English dealing in this currency was in 1627."<i

It may not be amiss to inform our readers that " Seawant or Seawan was one of the names for Indian money, called also Wampum, Wampum peague, and Peague, which consisted of herds formed of the shells of the Gluahaug,^ or wilk, a shell fish which was formerly very abundant on our coasts, but lately of more rare occurrence. It was of two colors, the black being held of twice the value of the white ; indeed the last was formed of another shell fish, called Meteauhock, or Periwinkle, also named Suckautock. The current value was six beads of the white or three of the black for an English penny. The first account we have of the English dealing in this currency was in 1627."<i

A. D. 1650, the following act was passed by the Dutch council of the New Netherlands, in consequence of " the corruption of loose seawant, among which (here are current money that are not perforated, and half finished, and also made out of stone, bone, glass, muscle shells, horns, and some out of wood, and broken ones, whereby occasion is given for repeated complaints from the

» O'Callaghan's Hist. N. N. 211.

b Rec. of to. Roads, Co. Clerk's office, page 1.

t The round clam (venus mercenaria, Lin.) " called Quehog, by the Mohegans- From the internal purple part of this shell fish, the colored beads of the aborigines were manufactured." Nat. Ilist. of N. Y. part 1, Moluscte, 217, 18.

d Alb. Rec Notes of translator.

D. 1650, the following act was passed by the Dutch council of the New Netherlands, in consequence of " the corruption of loose seawant, among which (here are current money that are not perforated, and half finished, and also made out of stone, bone, glass, muscle shells, horns, and some out of wood, and broken ones, whereby occasion is given for repeated complaints from the

» O'Callaghan's Hist. N. N. 211.

b Rec. of to. Roads, Co. Clerk's office, page 1.

t The round clam (venus mercenaria, Lin.) " called Quehog, by the Mohegans- From the internal purple part of this shell fish, the colored beads of the aborigines were manufactured." Nat. Ilist. of N. Y. part 1, Moluscte, 217, 18.

d Alb. Rec Notes of translator.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 3

inhabitants that they cannot go with such seawant to the market ; therefore no loose seawant shall be current, nor be a lawful tender except that the same shall be strung. Comniercial seawant to consist of six white or three black seawants for one stuyver ; the base strung seawant shall pass eight while or four black for one stuyver."a

III 1658, it was reduced from six tp eight of the white, and from three to four of ihe black, for a stuyver. In IG63, seawan had got into much disrepute, and was finally discontinued in 1682.

Sometime subsequent to the sale of 1640, the whole township of Bedford was emphaiically styled by the early planters Catonah's land, after the Indian chief and proprietor of that name ; hence we deduce the origin of the present local term Cantiloe, which yet survives in the northern part of the town, the termination oe denoting the place of that sachem's residence.

In IG63, seawan had got into much disrepute, and was finally discontinued in 1682.

Sometime subsequent to the sale of 1640, the whole township of Bedford was emphaiically styled by the early planters Catonah's land, after the Indian chief and proprietor of that name ; hence we deduce the origin of the present local term Cantiloe, which yet survives in the northern part of the town, the termination oe denoting the place of that sachem's residence.

Catonah must have assumed the supremacy over these lands about 1680, for his first conveyance to the proprietors of the Hop grounds bears date 23d December of that year. He appears to have been living in 1703. What connection (or if any) existed between Catonah and his predecessor Penaghag, (the grandson of Ponus,) it is impossible to determine at this distant period.

In the vicinity of Bedford both Visschers and Vander Donck in their maps of the New Netherlands, locate the Indian village of Nanichiestawack, while further south was situated that of Betuck-quapock.

A bold eminence lying to the north of Bedford village, still retains the aboriginal name of Aspetong. Two roads in the western part of the town traverse the Indian paths of Potiticus and Suckebonk, while Muscoota path runs near the northern line. The summit of the high mountain ridge east of Bedford continues to be called the ^'' Indian farm" There is a tradition current in the neighborhood, that the south side of this mountain, sometimes denominated Stony hill, was the scene of a bloody fight between the early settlers and the aborisfines. Mrs. Martha Holmes an aged inhabitant of Bedford, (still living,) remembers

Two roads in the western part of the town traverse the Indian paths of Potiticus and Suckebonk, while Muscoota path runs near the northern line. The summit of the high mountain ridge east of Bedford continues to be called the ^'' Indian farm" There is a tradition current in the neighborhood, that the south side of this mountain, sometimes denominated Stony hill, was the scene of a bloody fight between the early settlers and the aborisfines. Mrs. Martha Holmes an aged inhabitant of Bedford, (still living,) remembers

"^ Dutch Trans. Rec. City Clerk's office, N. Y. p. 30, 31. . ;

V'

4 HISTORY OF THE

in 1765, to have seen several Indian mounds at the foot of this hill, (a little south of the old school house,) which were pointed out to her as the graves of those who fell in the conflict. This may have been the battle fought between the Dutch and Indians in Feb. 1644, an account of which is recorded in the journal of the New Netherlands. JNIr. O'Callaghan thus details the action in his history of the N. N. : " On his return from Heemstede, Capt. Underbill was ordered to Stamford, to obtain particulars of the whereabouts of the savages. He brought word back, that they were encamped some five hundred strong in that direction, and that the old guide urged the forwarding a body of troops immediately thither, as he was desirous, on the one hand, to prove that the former ill success of the Dutch was not his fault ; on the other hand anxious for protection, as his life was in constant danger.

Underbill was ordered to Stamford, to obtain particulars of the whereabouts of the savages. He brought word back, that they were encamped some five hundred strong in that direction, and that the old guide urged the forwarding a body of troops immediately thither, as he was desirous, on the one hand, to prove that the former ill success of the Dutch was not his fault ; on the other hand anxious for protection, as his life was in constant danger.

"One handrcd and thirty men embarked accordingly, under Capt. Underbill and Ensign Van Dyck, in three yachts, and landed the same evening at Greenwich. But a severe snow storm having set in, detained them at that settlement the whole of the night. The weather, however, moderated towards morning, when the party set forward and arrived soon after, at the foot of a rocky mountain,^ over which some of the men had to crawl, with considerable difriculty, on their hands and feet. The evening, about eight o'clock, brought them to within a few miles of the enemy. Their further progress was, however, now impeded by two rivers, one of which was some two hundred feet wide, and three in depth. It was considered best to remain here awhile, in order to refresh the men and to make arrangements for the coming attack. After a rest of a couple of hours, the party again set forward at ten o'clock. It was full moon, and the night so clear -- 'a winter's day could not be brighter,' -- that the Indian village was soon discovered at a distance. It consisted of three rows of houses or huts, ranged in streets, each eighty paces long, and backed by a mountain which sheltered it from the nprth-west wind.

It was considered best to remain here awhile, in order to refresh the men and to make arrangements for the coming attack. After a rest of a couple of hours, the party again set forward at ten o'clock. It was full moon, and the night so clear -- 'a winter's day could not be brighter,' -- that the Indian village was soon discovered at a distance. It consisted of three rows of houses or huts, ranged in streets, each eighty paces long, and backed by a mountain which sheltered it from the nprth-west wind.

"But the Indians were as much on the alert as their enemy. They soon discovered the Dutch troops, who charged forthwith, surrounding the camp, sword in hand. The Indians evinced on

* Supposed Stony hills, a mountainous ridge north of Bedford.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 5

this occasion, considerable boldness, and made a rush once or twice, to break the Dutch line, and open some way for escape. But in this they failed, leaving one dead and twelve prisoners, in the hands of the assailants, who now kept up such a brisk fire, that it was impossible for any of tlie besieged to escape. After a desperate conflict of an hour, one hundred and eighty Indians lay dead on the snow outside their dwellings. Not one of the survivors durst now show his face. They remained under cover, discharging their arrows from behind, to the great annoyance of t?ie Dutch troops. Underbill now seeing no other way to overcome the obstinate resistance of the foe, gave orders to fire their huts. This order was forthwith obeyed ; the wretched inmates, endeavoring in every way, to escape from the horrid flames, but mostly without success. The moment they made their appearance, they rushed or were driven precipitately back into their burning hovels, ' preferring to be consumed by fire than to fall by our weapons.'

They remained under cover, discharging their arrows from behind, to the great annoyance of t?ie Dutch troops. Underbill now seeing no other way to overcome the obstinate resistance of the foe, gave orders to fire their huts. This order was forthwith obeyed ; the wretched inmates, endeavoring in every way, to escape from the horrid flames, but mostly without success. The moment they made their appearance, they rushed or were driven precipitately back into their burning hovels, ' preferring to be consumed by fire than to fall by our weapons.'

"In this merciless manner were butchered, as some of the Indians afterwards reported, five hundred human beings. Others carry the number to seven hundred ; 'the Lord having collected the most of onr enemies there, to celebrate some peculiar festival.'

" Of the whole party, no more than eight men escaped this terrible slaughter by fire and sword. Three of these were badly wounded. Throughout the entire carnage, not one of the sufferers-- -man, woman or child, was heard to utter shriek or moan.

" This expedition having been thus crowned with complete success, the wounded, fifteen in number, Vv^ere attended to, and sentinels posted to prevent surprise. Large fires were then kindled, as the weather was still excessively cold, and the conquerors bivouacked during the remainder of the night, on the field of battle. They set out next morning on their return in good order, ' marching with great courage over that harrassing mountain, the Lord enduing the w^ounded with extraordinary strength,' and arrived at Stamford at noon, after a march of two days and one night, during which they had little repose and less comfort. The English received the soldiers with friendly hospitality, proffering them every possible kindness. Two days afterwards the detachment arrived at Fort Amsterdam, where a public thanks-giving was ordered for

They set out next morning on their return in good order, ' marching with great courage over that harrassing mountain, the Lord enduing the w^ounded with extraordinary strength,' and arrived at Stamford at noon, after a march of two days and one night, during which they had little repose and less comfort. The English received the soldiers with friendly hospitality, proffering them every possible kindness. Two days afterwards the detachment arrived at Fort Amsterdam, where a public thanks-giving was ordered for

6 HISTORY OF THE

the brilliant success which attended the New Nelherland arms.*

" The late punishment (continues the same authority,) inflicted upon these Indians, and the approach of spring, made them desirous of peace, and they therefore solicited the inter7ention of Capt. Underhill to procure a cessation of hostilities.

"JMamaranack, chief of the Indians residing on the Kicktawanc, or Croton River, Mongockonone, Pappenoharrow from the ^Veckquaesqueecks and Nochpeem, and the Wappings from Stamford, presented themselves in a few days (April 6, 1(344,) at Fort Amsterdam, and having pledged themselves that they should not, henceforth, commit any injury whatever on the inhabitants of New Netherland, their cattle and houses, nor show themselves, except in a canoe, before Fort Amsterdam, should the Dutch be at war with any of the Manhattan tribes, and having further promised to deliver up Pacham, the chief of the Tankitekes, peace was concUided between them and the Dutch, who promised on their part, not to molest them in any way, but to allow them to cultivate their fields in peace ; and as a guarantee of their sincerity, surrendered several of their prisoners.''^*

"JMamaranack, chief of the Indians residing on the Kicktawanc, or Croton River, Mongockonone, Pappenoharrow from the ^Veckquaesqueecks and Nochpeem, and the Wappings from Stamford, presented themselves in a few days (April 6, 1(344,) at Fort Amsterdam, and having pledged themselves that they should not, henceforth, commit any injury whatever on the inhabitants of New Netherland, their cattle and houses, nor show themselves, except in a canoe, before Fort Amsterdam, should the Dutch be at war with any of the Manhattan tribes, and having further promised to deliver up Pacham, the chief of the Tankitekes, peace was concUided between them and the Dutch, who promised on their part, not to molest them in any way, but to allow them to cultivate their fields in peace ; and as a guarantee of their sincerity, surrendered several of their prisoners.''^*

Upi)n the 1st of July, 1640, Nathan Turner, in behalfof the people of Qninipiacke, (New Haven,) " bought of Ponus, sagamore of Toquams, and of Wascnssue, sagamore of Shippam, (the other Indians consenting thereto,) all the ground belonging to the said sagamores, except a piece of ground which Ponus reserved for himself and the other Indians to plant upon." This purchase embraced all the land sixteen miles north of the Sound. The Indian name of the tract was Rippo warns. ^

'•'The consideration was twelve coats, twelve hoes, twelve hatchets, twelve glasses, twelve knives, two kettles, and five fathoms of white wampum." The liberty of liunting and fishing on the land, was reserved by the Indians. ^^ The above sale was confirmed to the inhabitants of Stamford, on the 10th of August, 1655, by Ponus, and Onox his eldest son : "extending sixteen

Upi)n the 1st of July, 1640, Nathan Turner, in behalfof the people of Qninipiacke, (New Haven,) " bought of Ponus, sagamore of Toquams, and of Wascnssue, sagamore of Shippam, (the other Indians consenting thereto,) all the ground belonging to the said sagamores, except a piece of ground which Ponus reserved for himself and the other Indians to plant upon." This purchase embraced all the land sixteen miles north of the Sound. The Indian name of the tract was Rippo warns. ^

'•'The consideration was twelve coats, twelve hoes, twelve hatchets, twelve glasses, twelve knives, two kettles, and five fathoms of white wampum." The liberty of liunting and fishing on the land, was reserved by the Indians. ^^ The above sale was confirmed to the inhabitants of Stamford, on the 10th of August, 1655, by Ponus, and Onox his eldest son : "extending sixteen

* Journal Van N. N.

b O'Callaghan's Hist. N. N. p. 300, 1, 2, 3.

c On thf^ 30th of Oct. 1640, Mr. Andrew Ward and Mr. Robert Coe, on behalfof tliemselves and twenty other planters, purchased Puppowanns of New Haven, for X33 sterling. Lambert's History of New Haven, 176,

d Lambert's Hii^tory of New Haven.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 7

miles north of the town plot of Stamford, and two miles still further north for the pasture of their cattle ; also eight miles east and west, (the same as paid for before ;) and as a further recompense, four coats of English cloth was given them.''^ This grant comprised nearly tLie whole township of Bedford.

Robert Coe, on behalfof tliemselves and twenty other planters, purchased Puppowanns of New Haven, for X33 sterling. Lambert's History of New Haven, 176,

d Lambert's Hii^tory of New Haven.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 7

miles north of the town plot of Stamford, and two miles still further north for the pasture of their cattle ; also eight miles east and west, (the same as paid for before ;) and as a further recompense, four coats of English cloth was given them.''^ This grant comprised nearly tLie whole township of Bedford.

The next purchase was made of the Indians on the 23d day of December, 16S0:

" Witness these presents, that we whose names ave underwritten, nannely : Katonah, Stockahwac. Segotah, Jovis, Tohmacogyah, Yannayo, Kakenoud, we do for ourselves, our heirs and executors, administrators and assignees, and for and in the behalf of all other proprietors of ye lands, commonly called ye hopp grounds : we say we do hereby sell, alienate, assign and set over, from these our heirs, executors, administrators and assignees, a certain parcel of uplands and meadows, commonly called and known by ye name of ye hopp grounds, which land begins at ye north end of Stamford bounds, as it is already bounded with marked trees, only the west line to be extended southward until it shall meet with its south-west line, drawn from three marked white oaks, standing, and very near together, at south-west corner of ye said land, and ye above named, do hereby sell, alienate and assign, and set over from us and ours ye land above described with ye rights and privileges thereunto belonging, forever unto Richard Ambler, Abraham Ambler, Joseph Cheoles, Daniel Weed, John W^escot, Jonathan Petit, John Crosse, John Miller, Nicholas Webster, Richard Ayres, William Clarke, James Seely, Joseph Stephens, Daniel Jones, Thomas Yomoyou and Benjamin Stephens, from their heirs, executors, administrators and assignees forever, quietly to possess and enjoy, without molestation by us or ours, or by any by our means or procurements ; moreover, we the above named Katonah, Rockaway, Segotah, Jovis, Tohonacogyah, Yannayo, Kakenard, do herein and hereby grant, sell and give, free liberty of timber and herbage, for their creatures, upon our adjacent lands forever, and free liberty of timber, and do hereby acknowledge to have received full satisfaction for ye land abovesaid, in witness of truth we have caused this bill of sale to be made, and hereunto set our hands and seals, the day and dale above written, Dec. 1680.

Segotah, Jovis, Tohmacogyah, Yannayo, Kakenoud, we do for ourselves, our heirs and executors, administrators and assignees, and for and in the behalf of all other proprietors of ye lands, commonly called ye hopp grounds : we say we do hereby sell, alienate, assign and set over, from these our heirs, executors, administrators and assignees, a certain parcel of uplands and meadows, commonly called and known by ye name of ye hopp grounds, which land begins at ye north end of Stamford bounds, as it is already bounded with marked trees, only the west line to be extended southward until it shall meet with its south-west line, drawn from three marked white oaks, standing, and very near together, at south-west corner of ye said land, and ye above named, do hereby sell, alienate and assign, and set over from us and ours ye land above described with ye rights and privileges thereunto belonging, forever unto Richard Ambler, Abraham Ambler, Joseph Cheoles, Daniel Weed, John W^escot, Jonathan Petit, John Crosse, John Miller, Nicholas Webster, Richard Ayres, William Clarke, James Seely, Joseph Stephens, Daniel Jones, Thomas Yomoyou and Benjamin Stephens, from their heirs, executors, administrators and assignees forever, quietly to possess and enjoy, without molestation by us or ours, or by any by our means or procurements ; moreover, we the above named Katonah, Rockaway, Segotah, Jovis, Tohonacogyah, Yannayo, Kakenard, do herein and hereby grant, sell and give, free liberty of timber and herbage, for their creatures, upon our adjacent lands forever, and free liberty of timber, and do hereby acknowledge to have received full satisfaction for ye land abovesaid, in witness of truth we have caused this bill of sale to be made, and hereunto set our hands and seals, the day and dale above written, Dec. 1680. Signed, sealed and delivered, in ye presence of us,

Signed, sealed and delivered, in ye presence of us,

Joshua Knap, David Waterbury.^

Katonah ><^ his marke.

RocKAHWAY tsj his markc.

Segotah t^ his marke.

Jovis \x his marke.

CoHMACOYYoH ci his marke.

Yannape O* his marke.

Kakenoud t> his marke.

'^ Lambert's Hist, of New Haven.

b Original document in possession of the Hon. W. Jay, Bedford.

8 HISTORY OF THE

The same year there appear to have been no less than twentytwo proprietors of the Hop grounds, and from the town records we learn that £43 10s 6d, had been paid for its purchase.

Upon the 1 1th of October, 16S1, the proprietors of the Hop ground agreed that no one might be admitted as an inhabitant, nor should have power to sell or exchange the land that might be allotted to him, nor should he have any voice in disposing of lands, but that any inhabitant on paying forty shillings should have an equal share with the proprietors in all the undivided land.

At a court of election holden in Hartford, May 11th, 1682, the following license was granted to the people of the Hop ground.

" Upon the petition of the people of the Hop ground, this court doth grant them the privilege of a plantation and do order that the name of the town be henceforth called Bedford, and this court doe appoint Joseph Theall to be the present chief military officer for the train band of Bedford, and Abraham Ambler is also empowered by this court to grant warrants to swear officers and witnesses, and to joyne persons in marriage according to law, and they doe free the sayd towne of Bedford from county rates, for the space of three years next ensuing.^

" Upon the petition of the people of the Hop ground, this court doth grant them the privilege of a plantation and do order that the name of the town be henceforth called Bedford, and this court doe appoint Joseph Theall to be the present chief military officer for the train band of Bedford, and Abraham Ambler is also empowered by this court to grant warrants to swear officers and witnesses, and to joyne persons in marriage according to law, and they doe free the sayd towne of Bedford from county rates, for the space of three years next ensuing.^

May the 2d, 1683, Catonah sagamore, and Papiaghis son, Tandaquid, Q,ueraway and Chickhaag sold to the proprietors of Bedford tlieland and meadow of Cohamong (Armonck) commonly so called -- " which said land and meadow lyeth to the south west, going to the bounds of Bedford.''^

By the settlement of the colonial boundaries, November, 1664, Bedford fell within the jurisdiction of Connecticut, the line between the two colonies commencing from the east point of Mamaroneck River, where the fresh water falls into the salt at high water mark, north north west to the line of Massachusetts. On the ground that this decision was erroneous, a farther agreement was concluded at New York, 28th of October, 1683, between the governor of Connecticut and certain persons appointed to act with him, by which it was stipulated that the line between New York and Connecticut should begin at Byram River, at the east point,

By the settlement of the colonial boundaries, November, 1664, Bedford fell within the jurisdiction of Connecticut, the line between the two colonies commencing from the east point of Mamaroneck River, where the fresh water falls into the salt at high water mark, north north west to the line of Massachusetts. On the ground that this decision was erroneous, a farther agreement was concluded at New York, 28th of October, 1683, between the governor of Connecticut and certain persons appointed to act with him, by which it was stipulated that the line between New York and Connecticut should begin at Byram River, at the east point,

■ Connecticut Col. Rec. Hartford, volume iii. folio 131, 134. b Town Rec.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 9

called Lyon's Point, and so np along the said river to the countryroad, thence north west 8 miles from Lyon's point, and then twelve miles east north east, and then in a line parallel to the North River, and twenty miles distant therefrom, to the south line of Massachusetts. The whole matter heing left subject to the king's ratification. By this settlement Bedford would have been transferred to New York ; but the king's death unfortunately took place on the 6th of February, 1684, before its completion, in consequence of which the whole matter was again left open for a long and angry discussion which soon ensued.

In 1685 the general court of Connecticut issued an order to the effect, that all towns should take out patents in due form, and that the same should be legal evidence of their rights. Before the 28th of January, 1688, the town ordered that as much money should be raised as may be necessary to pay for a patent.

By this settlement Bedford would have been transferred to New York ; but the king's death unfortunately took place on the 6th of February, 1684, before its completion, in consequence of which the whole matter was again left open for a long and angry discussion which soon ensued.

In 1685 the general court of Connecticut issued an order to the effect, that all towns should take out patents in due form, and that the same should be legal evidence of their rights. Before the 28th of January, 1688, the town ordered that as much money should be raised as may be necessary to pay for a patent.

It v/ill be seen, however, tliat the patent was not granted until May, 1697. The names of the inhabitants including the resident proprietors of Bedford in 1690, numbered thirty-one. Their names are as follows :

John Green, Joseph Miller, John Holmes, John Miller, Mrs. Wildman,, M. Denham, Zachariah Roberts, John Webb, Stephen Clason, Stephen Holmes,

William Clark, John Holmes, sen., Richard Ayres, John Holmes, jun., Abraham Wildman, Isaac Denham, Jeremiah Andrews, Richard Wescote, Daniel Simpkins, William Clark,

John Brown,

John Miller, jun., Jonathan Miller, John Ambler, David Mead, Daniel Jones, Caleb Webb, Thomas Asten, David Clason, John Higgins,

Abraham Ambler.

Upon the 25th May, 1692, Catonah, Noname, Wappowaham, Wevvewanapoage, Chuckheag and Pommescecan, sell to Daniel Simpkins of Bedford, a certain piece of land lying west of the bounds of Bedford, that is to say, half a mile square, as it is already marked and laid out by the Indians, and bounded as followeth, viz. east by the bounds of Bedford , and south by a brook running off from the west ridges, and west and north as it is marked by the abovesaid proprietors.^ Witnessed and delivered in the presence Catonah X his mark.

Upon the 25th May, 1692, Catonah, Noname, Wappowaham, Wevvewanapoage, Chuckheag and Pommescecan, sell to Daniel Simpkins of Bedford, a certain piece of land lying west of the bounds of Bedford, that is to say, half a mile square, as it is already marked and laid out by the Indians, and bounded as followeth, viz. east by the bounds of Bedford , and south by a brook running off from the west ridges, and west and north as it is marked by the abovesaid proprietors.^ Witnessed and delivered in the presence Catonah X his mark.

of us, Stephen Holmes Wappowham Ix his mark.

Vol. I.

* Town Ilea.

10 HISTORY OF THE

and John Brown. Pummesecham 5,5 his mark.

Chickheag '^ NoNAME O* his mark.

Wewewanapage. February 10th, 1695, the town ordered that the rates shall be

issued according to the following valuations,* viz.

Each head or person . . . £12 0 0

"Ox, 4 0 0

'' Cow, .... 300

" Horse, . . . . 2 0 0

All improved lands, . . . 0 15 0

All improved meadow with fence, . 0 10 0

In March, 1695-6, we find Governor Fletcher of New York, writing to Governor Treat concerning sundry persons in Rye and Bedford who desired to have their land titles confirmed. ^

At a meeting of ye governor and council, held at Hartford, January 19th, 1696, protection was granted to the towns of Rye and Bedford, as members of their corporation ; and on the 10th of May following, Daniel Simpkins was appointed ensign for the latter town. January 2lst, 1696-7, Rye and Bedford applied to be united to Connecticut, upon which that colony concluded to receive ihem.'^

In March, 1695-6, we find Governor Fletcher of New York, writing to Governor Treat concerning sundry persons in Rye and Bedford who desired to have their land titles confirmed. ^

At a meeting of ye governor and council, held at Hartford, January 19th, 1696, protection was granted to the towns of Rye and Bedford, as members of their corporation ; and on the 10th of May following, Daniel Simpkins was appointed ensign for the latter town. January 2lst, 1696-7, Rye and Bedford applied to be united to Connecticut, upon which that colony concluded to receive ihem.'^

In a letter from Governor Fletcher, to the authorities of Connecticut, dated April 5th5 1697, the former complains about the latter's receiving Rye and Bedford, and thus withdrawing them from the obedience of New York.^

To compel the refractory towns into obedience, Governor Fletcher issued a proclamation upon April 15ih, 1697, in which he required Rye and Bedford to return to their allegiance. «

April 19th, 1697, Governor Fletcher states that Major Sellick had interfered in favor of Connecticut, with fifty armed men.f

In reply 30th of April, 1697, Connecticut disclaims the use of violent measures, and refers the whole matter to the King.g

Governor Fletcher and counsel, in answer to Connecticut, May 10th, 1697, entitles the reasons of the latter subterfugeesj and complains of her making a disturbance in time of war. In cona Town Rec. b Boundary letters, Hartford, fol. 10, letter 137.

c Bound, letters, fol. 10, p. 138. d Bound, letters, 140.

April 19th, 1697, Governor Fletcher states that Major Sellick had interfered in favor of Connecticut, with fifty armed men.f

In reply 30th of April, 1697, Connecticut disclaims the use of violent measures, and refers the whole matter to the King.g

Governor Fletcher and counsel, in answer to Connecticut, May 10th, 1697, entitles the reasons of the latter subterfugeesj and complains of her making a disturbance in time of war. In cona Town Rec. b Boundary letters, Hartford, fol. 10, letter 137.

c Bound, letters, fol. 10, p. 138. d Bound, letters, 140.

• Bound. letterF, 141. f Bound, letters, 141-2. r Bound, letters, No. 144.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 11

elusion, Connecticut may rest assured that New York will use all lawful means to reduce these people to obedience.^-

Upon the 1st of May, 1697, the town petitioned for a patent, embracing ten miles in length, from the north end of Stamford bounds to ten miles northward into the woods, and eight miles wide. The patent (which bears the Connecticut seal,) was taken out May 13th, 1697. From the town records, it appears that Zachariah Roberts, was allowed by the town, three shilhngs aday, and half his expenses, and the town further ordered that every man should pay him two pounds of flax for his expenses in going to Connecticut about the said patent.

In answer to Governor Fletcher's letter of May the 10th, the Governor and general assembly of Connecticut reply May 19th, 1697, that they consider the arguments of New York weak and unsatisfactory, and are therefore, determined to protect these people. ^

From the town records, it appears that Zachariah Roberts, was allowed by the town, three shilhngs aday, and half his expenses, and the town further ordered that every man should pay him two pounds of flax for his expenses in going to Connecticut about the said patent.

In answer to Governor Fletcher's letter of May the 10th, the Governor and general assembly of Connecticut reply May 19th, 1697, that they consider the arguments of New York weak and unsatisfactory, and are therefore, determined to protect these people. ^

May the 31st, 1697, CTOvernor Fletcher and council find just fault with Connecticut for using " such a stile," and assert that Connecticut gave up these towns by arrangement, in 1683, and made no claim to them for twelve years or more, New York is therefore determined to pursue her duty.<^

Upon the accession of Lord Bellamont to the government of New York, April, 1698, we find Connecticut sending a delegation to congratulate him. In a letter dated May 6th, Lord Bellamont expresses his thanks and good will towards Connecticut, and encloses a letter from the Lords Commissioners of Trade, in regard to Rye and Bedford ; he also denies their reasons for countenancing those towns in their revolt. ^

In reply, May, 1698, the deputy governor and assistants express the kindest and most friendly feelings towards his excellency, but cannot answer concerning Rye and Bedford until Governor Winthrop's return. ^

Upon the 29th of March, 1700, King William the third gave his approbation and confirmation to the agreement and survey of 1683 and 1684, whereby Rye and Bedford were included in New York.f

In a letter dated May 6th, Lord Bellamont expresses his thanks and good will towards Connecticut, and encloses a letter from the Lords Commissioners of Trade, in regard to Rye and Bedford ; he also denies their reasons for countenancing those towns in their revolt. ^

In reply, May, 1698, the deputy governor and assistants express the kindest and most friendly feelings towards his excellency, but cannot answer concerning Rye and Bedford until Governor Winthrop's return. ^

Upon the 29th of March, 1700, King William the third gave his approbation and confirmation to the agreement and survey of 1683 and 1684, whereby Rye and Bedford were included in New York.f

a Bound letters, No. 145. b Bound. leiters, No 146.

c Bound, letters, No 147. d Bound, l.'tters, No.l48.

« Bound, letter.^, No. 149. f Bound, letiers, fol. XL, letters 4S-9.

12 HISTORY OF THE

On the 10th of October, 1700, the general court of Connecticut released Bedford from all allegiance.

October, 1713, Connecticut appointed certain commissioners to meet those of New York in fixing the line. A final agreement and conclusion took place between the commissioners at Dover, in Dutchess Co., May the 14th, 1731, a by which Bedford and Rye were forever hereafter included in ye province of New York.

The followins: grant and conformation under the hand of Kitonah, occurs on the 24th of July, 1700.

'' Kotonah Sagamore and chief proprietor of ye land about Bedford, having formerly sold unto the inhabitants of the town of Bedford, a certain tract of meadow land and upland northerly from the town and joining to their first purchase, which tract of land is bounded by a small brook east, which runs north on the west side of Potiticus falls, and west by Beaver Dam River, northerly by the Cross River, and southerly by Bedford's land.

'' Kotonah Sagamore and chief proprietor of ye land about Bedford, having formerly sold unto the inhabitants of the town of Bedford, a certain tract of meadow land and upland northerly from the town and joining to their first purchase, which tract of land is bounded by a small brook east, which runs north on the west side of Potiticus falls, and west by Beaver Dam River, northerly by the Cross River, and southerly by Bedford's land. This above named tract of land (of Cotonah) Cotonah have sold from me and mine or any Indian or Indians laying claim thereunto, to the inhabitants of Bedford, for a valuable consideration in hand, already received to my full satisfaction, &c., &c.

Signed sealed and delivered Katonah ><1 his mark.

in presence of us, Toyebeakup Ix his mark.

Benjamin Hart Rurahquosh ^ his mark.

and Abraham Finch."

On the 13th of March, 1703, the town sold to John Johnston one hundred acres of land for £56, and some months after Crosses vineyard for £8. At a town meeting held in Bedford Oct, 4th, 1701,

" The town by a major vote, doth order the committee to proceed with ye Indians about purchasing ye lands westward of ye old purchase, and now marked the old purchase, formerly bought of the Indians, November 3d, 1701. The town doth also agree that ye land westward of the first purchase, shall be paid by heads ; and every head that payeth the Indians for it shall have every one of them an equal share, according to what they pay. At the same time a committee is chosen by vote, consisting of Zacariah Robertson, John Holmes, jun,, and Jonathan Petit, to see ye Indians satisfied for ye land formerly bought of them, which is west of the first purchase."

The town doth also agree that ye land westward of the first purchase, shall be paid by heads ; and every head that payeth the Indians for it shall have every one of them an equal share, according to what they pay. At the same time a committee is chosen by vote, consisting of Zacariah Robertson, John Holmes, jun,, and Jonathan Petit, to see ye Indians satisfied for ye land formerly bought of them, which is west of the first purchase."

Upon the 4th of February, 1702, the town of Bedford sold to

» Bound, letter?, fol. XI., letter 136

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 13

John Dibble, Crosses vineyard purchase for £18 ; on the 16th of March (1702,) John Dibble agrees to sell lUO acres of the same to Jacobus Van Courlland, 6cc.

By a grant dated April 20, 1702, Katonah and Wackemane convey to the inhabitants of Bedford all that tract of land within the following bounds, viz :

*' To begin where Beaver dam river and Cross River meet and so to run on the north west side of a brook called miry brook, and then to run across the hills westerly on the west side of Cisqua meadows until it meets the river called Cisqua River, and a great swamp, and so to run up the brook and by marked trees to the north end of Byram pond, and so to the north end of Cohamong pond, and then to a great red oak tree formerly marked by the Indians for Bedford southermost bounds which stands on the west side of the west turn of Meanau's River, and this above said land, we Katonah and Wackemane do sell for us our heirs, &c., to the inhabitants of Bedford,

*' To begin where Beaver dam river and Cross River meet and so to run on the north west side of a brook called miry brook, and then to run across the hills westerly on the west side of Cisqua meadows until it meets the river called Cisqua River, and a great swamp, and so to run up the brook and by marked trees to the north end of Byram pond, and so to the north end of Cohamong pond, and then to a great red oak tree formerly marked by the Indians for Bedford southermost bounds which stands on the west side of the west turn of Meanau's River, and this above said land, we Katonah and Wackemane do sell for us our heirs, &c., to the inhabitants of Bedford,

Signed, sealed and delivered in presence of Katonah s] his mark,

Zachariah Roberts and John Holmes, Wackemane }x} his mark,

Cararoea o his mark, Arattom H his mark, Mangakom p his mark, Simon ^ his mark,

Upon the 4th of January 1703-4, Ketonah Sagamore and Wackemane, chief proprietors of the lands about Bedford, have sold, and by these presents doe sell &c., unto John Dibble of Bedford, in the county of Westchester, &c. a certain tract of upland and meadow, &c. all within ye bounds hereafter named and bounded by marked trees, from one branch of Beaver dam River southward of Stone hills, then to rise westward of Stone hills, northward by ye marked trees until it meets with a brook coming out of Stone hills, and so to be bounded by ye said brook until it meets the Cross River, and bounded by the said Cross River until it meets a small brook, and then bounded westward by Bedford's cross vineyard purchase, and then bounded by Bedford's first purchase, southerly and eastwardly until it meets ye aforesaid branch, which' tract of land thus bounded we Catonah and Wackemane for us our heirs, &c,, have sold to the above said John Dibble, &c,'*

Upon the 4th of January 1703-4, Ketonah Sagamore and Wackemane, chief proprietors of the lands about Bedford, have sold, and by these presents doe sell &c., unto John Dibble of Bedford, in the county of Westchester, &c. a certain tract of upland and meadow, &c. all within ye bounds hereafter named and bounded by marked trees, from one branch of Beaver dam River southward of Stone hills, then to rise westward of Stone hills, northward by ye marked trees until it meets with a brook coming out of Stone hills, and so to be bounded by ye said brook until it meets the Cross River, and bounded by the said Cross River until it meets a small brook, and then bounded westward by Bedford's cross vineyard purchase, and then bounded by Bedford's first purchase, southerly and eastwardly until it meets ye aforesaid branch, which' tract of land thus bounded we Catonah and Wackemane for us our heirs, &c,, have sold to the above said John Dibble, &c,'*

Caroroca n his mark, Catonah ><| his mark, [l. s.]

MoNAQui >H his mark, Wackemane p^ his mark, [l. s.] Simon ^ his mark, Mangocken 72 his mark, [l. s.]

The same year we find John Dibble and wife, conveying to Jacobus Van Conrtland, 700 acres of land lying in Bedford, called the vineyard purchase, besides a certain parcel of meadow and

o The original documents in possession of the Hon, William Jay. . .

14 HISTORY OF THE

upland in ye bounds of said Bedford, first purchased, with marked trees northerly, eastwardly by a small brook which runneth into Cross River, and northerly by the Cross River, containing about 400 acres.

The same year we find John Dibble and wife, conveying to Jacobus Van Conrtland, 700 acres of land lying in Bedford, called the vineyard purchase, besides a certain parcel of meadow and

o The original documents in possession of the Hon, William Jay. . .

14 HISTORY OF THE

upland in ye bounds of said Bedford, first purchased, with marked trees northerly, eastwardly by a small brook which runneth into Cross River, and northerly by the Cross River, containing about 400 acres.

Upon the 5th of Ma)', 1703, Catonah Sagamore and Wackemane, for themselves and in behalf of any other Indians concerned, sell to Zachariah Robertson of Bedford, all that land between Bedford bounds and Muscotah River which lyeth between Cisqua River and ye Cross River, for the several particulars hereinafter named.

This is ye truth of ye bargain test. Zacariah Robertson.

10 pieces of eight which is paid, 6 shirts, 4 dozen coats, 2 blankets,

1 broad cloath coat, 4 hatchets,

4 lbs of powder,

2 gallons of rum.

The last Indian deed for lands in Bedford bears date, July 24th, 1703.

Wherein Catonah and Wackemane sell to Jacobus Van Courtland of the city of New York, and Zacariah Robertson, a certain tract of upland meadow and swamp, all within ye bounds hereat'ter named, that is to say to begin where Beaver dam River and ye Cross River meets, and so to run westvvardly by Bedfords marked trees until it comes to a black oak tree marked upon a high hill, and then to run west to Muscotah River, and then to keep the south side of Muscotah River, until it meets ye Cross River, and to keep the said Cross River until it meets ye aforesaid Beaver dam River, &c. Signed sealed anH delivered in presence Catonah 3 his mark,

Wherein Catonah and Wackemane sell to Jacobus Van Courtland of the city of New York, and Zacariah Robertson, a certain tract of upland meadow and swamp, all within ye bounds hereat'ter named, that is to say to begin where Beaver dam River and ye Cross River meets, and so to run westvvardly by Bedfords marked trees until it comes to a black oak tree marked upon a high hill, and then to run west to Muscotah River, and then to keep the south side of Muscotah River, until it meets ye Cross River, and to keep the said Cross River until it meets ye aforesaid Beaver dam River, &c. Signed sealed anH delivered in presence Catonah 3 his mark,

of us, Nathan Clark, Joseph Hunt, Wackemane q his mark,

Hezekiah Roberts. Mequacom ^ his mark,

NoAPAPiN |x his mark, Cacoporo p5 his mark,

Mashato 14 his mark, Mamtero 01 his mark,

Amboock<1 his mark,

By a patent issued on the 8th day of April, 1704, Glueen Anne confirmed the inhabitants of Bedford in all their legal rights.

"Whereas the general court of Connecticut on the 13th day of May in ye year of our Lord Christ, 1697, hath granted unto the proprietors, inhabitants of the town of Bedford, then within that colony, all those lands, &c., in their abutments, viz : southerly on ye bounds of the township of Stamford, west*

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 15

wardly by ye wilderness, north on ye wilderness, and eastwardly on ye wilderness or land not laid out, every of which sides is six miles in length, whinh said lands have been by purchase or otherwise lawfully obtayned of the native Indian proprietors thereof &c., and the governor and company of the said colony assembled in general council by virtue of their charter afterwards to wit, ye 21st day of May, in the ninth year of King William, did give, grant, ratify and confirm &c. unto John Miller, sen., Daniel Simpkins, Zacariah Roberts, Samuel Seely, Jeremiah Andrews, John Wescoate, John Miller, jun., and John Holmes, jun., and the rest &c.

wardly by ye wilderness, north on ye wilderness, and eastwardly on ye wilderness or land not laid out, every of which sides is six miles in length, whinh said lands have been by purchase or otherwise lawfully obtayned of the native Indian proprietors thereof &c., and the governor and company of the said colony assembled in general council by virtue of their charter afterwards to wit, ye 21st day of May, in the ninth year of King William, did give, grant, ratify and confirm &c. unto John Miller, sen., Daniel Simpkins, Zacariah Roberts, Samuel Seely, Jeremiah Andrews, John Wescoate, John Miller, jun., and John Holmes, jun., and the rest &c. The aforesaid parcel of land six miles square the privileges of being one entire township by patent.

We have given, granted, &c. to our loving subjects, Zacariah Roberts, sen., John Holmes, sen., Cornelius Seely, sen., Zacariah Roberts, jun., Cornelius Seely, jun., John Miller, jun., Jonathan Miller, John Holmes, jun., David Miller, Richard Holmes, Jonathan Holmes, David Holmes, Capt. Peter Mathews, Col. Jacobus Van Courtland, Obadiah Seely, Stephen Claeson, John Westcoate, jun., Richard Westcoate, Nathan Clarke, Joseph Hunt, Richard Ay res, Jeremiah Andrews, Joseph Palmer, David Meade, John Dibble, Daniel Jones, John Clapp, Thomas Hovi'ard and Vincent Simpkins, their heirs the said tract of 23,000 acres called ye town of Bedford, &c. Witness our right trusty and right well beloved cousin, Edward Vicount Cornbury, Captain General and Governor in chief of our province of New York and New Jersey, and ye territories and tracts of land depending on them in America, Admiral of the same, &c., in council at Fort Anne, New York, the 8th day of April, in the third year of our reign A. D. 1704.^

Jacobus Van Courtland, Obadiah Seely, Stephen Claeson, John Westcoate, jun., Richard Westcoate, Nathan Clarke, Joseph Hunt, Richard Ay res, Jeremiah Andrews, Joseph Palmer, David Meade, John Dibble, Daniel Jones, John Clapp, Thomas Hovi'ard and Vincent Simpkins, their heirs the said tract of 23,000 acres called ye town of Bedford, &c. Witness our right trusty and right well beloved cousin, Edward Vicount Cornbury, Captain General and Governor in chief of our province of New York and New Jersey, and ye territories and tracts of land depending on them in America, Admiral of the same, &c., in council at Fort Anne, New York, the 8th day of April, in the third year of our reign A. D. 1704.^

In the sprit]g of 1714 a rate was levied on ye proprietors of ye township of Bedford, in proportion to their several properties therein, for ye raising ye sum of £50 for ye discharging of her majesties dues of quit rent for ten years.

The proportion of Col. Jacobus Yan Cortland for 2565 acres in ye north west corner of ye patent lands

was £6 08 06

For his vineyard purchase, 607 acres . . . 1 10 05 For his right in Dibble's purchase, 762 acres . 1 18 00

For his right in ye new purchase. . . . 2 13 04 The following document is extracted from a manuscript volume entitled " the receipt book of the quit rents of Bedford, paid from 1714 to 1767."

" Received of Mr. Jonathan Miller and Joseph Seely the sum of fifty pounds, proclamation money, being in full for ten years quit rent for the town of Beda Albany Book of Pat. No. vii. 271.

For his vineyard purchase, 607 acres . . . 1 10 05 For his right in Dibble's purchase, 762 acres . 1 18 00

For his right in ye new purchase. . . . 2 13 04 The following document is extracted from a manuscript volume entitled " the receipt book of the quit rents of Bedford, paid from 1714 to 1767."

" Received of Mr. Jonathan Miller and Joseph Seely the sum of fifty pounds, proclamation money, being in full for ten years quit rent for the town of Beda Albany Book of Pat. No. vii. 271.

15 HISTORY OF THE

ford, to the Hoih of March last, witness my hand this 1st day of May, A. D. 1714.''* jCoO procl. money. T. Bverly, Coll.

Upon the 12th of October, 1705, John Dibble,^ by a bill of sale conveyed all his right, title and interest in the town of Bedford to Jacobns Van Cortland ; the latter individual subsequently became invested in the rights of Jonathan Miller on the 15lh of October, 1713, and Zacariah Roberts on the 13th of October, 1717.

Upon the 23d of June, 1736, '' the land to the north of Cross River was divided by lot among the twenty nine proprietors of Bedford." '

On the 10th of April, 1738, Jacobus Van Cortland devised ''all his tenements and hereditaments situated within the patent and township of Bedford to his son Frederick Yan Cortland of Yonkers and his three daughters ; Margaret, wife of Abraham Depeyster ; Anne, wife of John Chambers ; and Mary, wife of Peter Jay, the parties giving mutual leases and releases to one another."<^

Upon the 23d of June, 1736, '' the land to the north of Cross River was divided by lot among the twenty nine proprietors of Bedford." '

On the 10th of April, 1738, Jacobus Van Cortland devised ''all his tenements and hereditaments situated within the patent and township of Bedford to his son Frederick Yan Cortland of Yonkers and his three daughters ; Margaret, wife of Abraham Depeyster ; Anne, wife of John Chambers ; and Mary, wife of Peter Jay, the parties giving mutual leases and releases to one another."<^

Frederick Van Cortland one of the above devisees obtained a release from the following freeholders of Bedford on the 21st of September, 1741.

Hezekiah Roberts, John Holmes, Daniel Holly,

John Miller, Jonathan Westcoat, Nathan Clark,

Joseph Seely, Richard Westcoat, Moses Fountain,

Jonathan Holmes, Daniel Miller, John Miller,

^acariah Mills, Richard Holmes, Samuel Miller,

Jonathan Seely, Daniel Haight, Samuel Barras,

Ebenezer Holmes, Philip Ayres, Ebenezer Owen,

Jonathan Miller, Vincent Simpkins.

From an original map drawn up by Samuel Purdy, surveyor, it appears that a partition of Jacobus Van Cortlandt's estate took place in 1743. To Frederick Van Cortlandt, was allotted 1424 acres, to Abraham De Peyster 1110 acres, to John Chambers 1282 acres, and to Peter Jay 1299 acres.

a The original in possession of William Jay of Bedford.

^ The ancestor of John was Thomas Dibble a freeman of Dorchester, Massachusetts, who removed to Windsor, Conn, c Co. Lib. G. foho 298.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

Upon the death of Peter Jay, Esq. in 1782, his share fell to three sons, Peter, Frederick, and John. The latter was subsequently invested with a laro^e portion of the original allotment.

To Frederick Van Cortlandt, was allotted 1424 acres, to Abraham De Peyster 1110 acres, to John Chambers 1282 acres, and to Peter Jay 1299 acres.

a The original in possession of William Jay of Bedford.

^ The ancestor of John was Thomas Dibble a freeman of Dorchester, Massachusetts, who removed to Windsor, Conn, c Co. Lib. G. foho 298.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

Upon the death of Peter Jay, Esq. in 1782, his share fell to three sons, Peter, Frederick, and John. The latter was subsequently invested with a laro^e portion of the original allotment.

By the decease of the Honorable John Jay in 1S29, his son William Jay, Esq. became the sole proprietor of tlie Bedford estate. Mr. Jay therefore, is the only descendant of Jacobus Van Cortlandt, that owns a foot of the original patent in the town of Bedford. Abraham De Peyster sold to various individuals. The descendants of the ancient proprietors of the Hop grounds (resident in Bedford) are still very numerous, viz : the Green's, Miller's, Holme's, Robert's, x\mbler's, Clark's, Ayre's, Westcoat's, Simpkin's, Mead's, Webb's, Clason's and Higgin's.

The village of Bedford is delightfully situated a little north of the Mehanas River, in a large and fertile vale almost environed by high hills. The surrounding country, is well wooded, and watered by several streams tributary to the Croton. The principal of these are the Pepemighting misnamed the Kisco, the Cisqua or Beaver dam, and the Peppeneghek or Cross River. Bedford beinoa half shire town with White Plains, (which is located sixteen miles south.) The courts are held alternately at both places.

The village of Bedford is delightfully situated a little north of the Mehanas River, in a large and fertile vale almost environed by high hills. The surrounding country, is well wooded, and watered by several streams tributary to the Croton. The principal of these are the Pepemighting misnamed the Kisco, the Cisqua or Beaver dam, and the Peppeneghek or Cross River. Bedford beinoa half shire town with White Plains, (which is located sixteen miles south.) The courts are held alternately at both places.

Court House, Bedford.

As early as 16S0, the proprietors of the Hop ground (then residing at Stamford,) appointed a committee " for the purpose of Vol. I. 3

18 HISTORY OF THE

laying out a town spot, and house lots, the latter to consist at least of three acres each, also a town common field or park, was directed to be laid out." At this period the Hop ground formed a part of Stiimford township within f^'airfield county, and was therefore under the jurisdiction of Connecticut. In 1681 the general court of that colony ordered the laying out of a plantation at the Hop ground.

On the 11th of October, 1681, the proprietors of the Hop ground appointed a committee to lay out and divide the residue of the land at the Hop ground. It was also agreed to receive eleven inhabitants in order to form a town, and a committee appointed to go and view the land for the purpose of laying out a cart way to the Hop ground.

In 1681 the general court of that colony ordered the laying out of a plantation at the Hop ground.

On the 11th of October, 1681, the proprietors of the Hop ground appointed a committee to lay out and divide the residue of the land at the Hop ground. It was also agreed to receive eleven inhabitants in order to form a town, and a committee appointed to go and view the land for the purpose of laying out a cart way to the Hop ground.

'^ Upon the 11th of May, 1682, the general court ordered that the name of the town be henceforth called Bedford.''''

The town records, preserved in the clerk's oflice, contain the following items, which, from their curiosity we insert: -- January 14ih, 1682, a committee was appointed to take measures for building a grist mill for ihe town." July, 1682, at the first town meeting held in Bedford it was voted that any person having a right in land and not building a house by the last of next May, or who should build a house and not inhabit it for three years, should forfeit his right to the town.

January 29th, 1688. The town by vote doth order, that every one here present at the town meeting shall have a piece of land consisting of four acres added to the former dividend, for their faithfulness in attending town meetings. Seventeen were present on this occasion. On the 9ih of January, 1699, the town agreed to give six acres of land for a grind stone. November 17ih, 1701, the town bought a mill for £15. The present village contains a court house and prison, two churches, an academy, two taverns, three stores, forty dwellings, and about two hundred and fifty inhabitants ; it is fourteen miles from Sing Sing, and sixteen from Tiirrytown, on the Hudson, forty-four from New York, and twelve from Greenwich in Connecticut, on the sound.

On the 9ih of January, 1699, the town agreed to give six acres of land for a grind stone. November 17ih, 1701, the town bought a mill for £15. The present village contains a court house and prison, two churches, an academy, two taverns, three stores, forty dwellings, and about two hundred and fifty inhabitants ; it is fourteen miles from Sing Sing, and sixteen from Tiirrytown, on the Hudson, forty-four from New York, and twelve from Greenwich in Connecticut, on the sound. Near the western border of the town is situated the Bedford railroad station. The Bedford academy has been in sue-

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

cessfiil operation for several years ; its present principal is Mr. Odell Close. Besides the above institntion, there are eighteen school districts. The old parish grave yard lying on a declivity near the Methodist meeting house, contains many curious memorials.

The Sacred

Decea to the memory of

sed Col. Lewis McDonald Esq.

Thomas and Sarah his wife

Woolsey being a native of North Britain

born in borne at Strathspey 1709

the year and departed this life 24 July 1777 A. D. 1655.

W. W.

here lies the body of Thomas Woolsey also Jacob Briam son of Thomas born Sept. 1733 ob. 1760.-

Sacred

to the memory of the

Rev'd Ebenezer Grant

17 years minister of the

Presbyterian Church in Bedford

who departed this life Sept. 6. 1821.

aged 48 years _ ,

Blessed are the dead who die in the Lord from henceforth, yea, saith the spirit, that •■

the year and departed this life 24 July 1777 A. D. 1655.

W. W.

here lies the body of Thomas Woolsey also Jacob Briam son of Thomas born Sept. 1733 ob. 1760.-

Sacred

to the memory of the

Rev'd Ebenezer Grant

17 years minister of the

Presbyterian Church in Bedford

who departed this life Sept. 6. 1821.

aged 48 years _ ,

Blessed are the dead who die in the Lord from henceforth, yea, saith the spirit, that •■

they may rest from their labors and their works do follow them. Rev. 14: 13. The Methodist Episcopal Church was erected in 1837, and incorporated on the ISth of January, ISSS.^i A prior incorporation of this society, appears to have taken place 24th July, 1825. John Fountain, Robert Knowlton, Joseph Clark, James Fountain, Gabriel Smith, trustees.^ A third occurs 9 April, 1844.^ Upon a commanding eminence which rises north of the village stands the Presbyterian Church, a modern structure of wood, surmounted with a small cupola and spire. The old church which was burnt during the revolutionary war, stood south east of the present edifice, near the foot of the hill. The first religious society organized at Bedford in 1680, was Congregational, at that time the established religion of the colony of Connecticut.

a Religious Sec. Co. Rec. Lib A. bib. Lib. B.p. 53. c lb. Lib. B. 88.

20 HISTORY OF THE

The proprietors of the Hop ground appear to have made early provision for the erection and support of a church, for, in 1680j " it was agreed that a meeting house should be erected on the com^ mens." In 1681, the general court instructed the committee who were to la^^ out a plantation at the hop ground, " to take care that there should be a suitable lot laid out for the first minister of the place, and a lot for the minister forever." December 8th, 1681, the proprietors agreed to give Mr.

The proprietors of the Hop ground appear to have made early provision for the erection and support of a church, for, in 1680j " it was agreed that a meeting house should be erected on the com^ mens." In 1681, the general court instructed the committee who were to la^^ out a plantation at the hop ground, " to take care that there should be a suitable lot laid out for the first minister of the place, and a lot for the minister forever." December 8th, 1681, the proprietors agreed to give Mr. Prudden a call to be their minister. In 16S8 the Rev. Thomas Denliam must have been settled here, for on the 2Sih of January, (nf that year.) the town ordered £20 to be raised and collected for Mr. Denham's salary. September 23, 1689. The town b}^ vote agreed that in " case Mr. Abraham Ambler, sen., will come up and live at Bedford and carry on tlie Sabbath as God shall enable him, we will give unto him the sum of £20 a year, so long as he shall perform the work among us." The following month (October 15) it was agreed to build Mr. Abraham Ambler a frame house fortyfeet by twenty- two.

*' 16th of December, 1692, David Mead was chosen by the town to k'eep the town druu), to keep it in repair and to beat it when necessary, and to be allowed 10 shillings yearly."

Prior to the use of bells in New England, the meetings were summoned by beat of drum, or the blowing of the conch shell: to this practice the poet alludes :

Abraham Ambler a frame house fortyfeet by twenty- two.

*' 16th of December, 1692, David Mead was chosen by the town to k'eep the town druu), to keep it in repair and to beat it when necessary, and to be allowed 10 shillings yearly."

Prior to the use of bells in New England, the meetings were summoned by beat of drum, or the blowing of the conch shell: to this practice the poet alludes :

"New England's Sabbath day," Is heaven-like, still, and pure, Then Israel walks the way Up to the temples door : The time we tell, When there to come, By beat of drum, Or sounding shell. On the 19th of October, 1694, the town agreed to buy a house and lot of John Ambler for a parsonage, provided his price do not exceed £35.

On March 2 1st, 1698, the town voted that every man should pay three pence per acre for all the land he had for the support of a minister.

Upon the 9th of January, 1699, the inhabitants of the town re-

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 21

quested the ministers in the county to inform them wliere they could procure a minister, at the same time offering forty acres of land and £30 in current provision as his pay.*

On the 26th of December, 1699, the town agreed with Mr. Joseph Morgan, minister as follows, viz : first to give him the use of the parsonage, on condition he stays three years ; secondly, to build him a two story house, twenty-seven feet by twenty, the house to belong to his heirs if he die in the town ; if he removes he shall pay the towfj the expence of building the house ; third, to give him the first year £40, and plant and manure forty acres for him, and after the first year to give him £20, and to raise ten acres of winter grain for him yearly, to cut and cart his fire wood, and transport himself and family to Bedford free of expence.

Joseph Morgan, minister as follows, viz : first to give him the use of the parsonage, on condition he stays three years ; secondly, to build him a two story house, twenty-seven feet by twenty, the house to belong to his heirs if he die in the town ; if he removes he shall pay the towfj the expence of building the house ; third, to give him the first year £40, and plant and manure forty acres for him, and after the first year to give him £20, and to raise ten acres of winter grain for him yearly, to cut and cart his fire wood, and transport himself and family to Bedford free of expence. In a summary account of the state of the church in the province of New York, as it was laid before the clergy, convened October 5di, 1704. at New York ; it is therein stated that " there is an independent church at Bedford where the minister designs to leave them ; they are well affected to the church, and it is hoped when he is gone they will be in communion with Iier.''^

The following year Col. Caleb Heathcoate informs the secretary of the Propogation Society, " that sometime prior to his coming into the Province, Rye and Bedford had a minister, one Mr. Denham, and afterwards one Mr. Jones at Bedford. ^

A LIST OF MI.MSTERS OF THE CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH,

BEDFORD.

Install or call, Ministers. ''' -

1681 ; ..r- Rev. Peter Prudden,

In a summary account of the state of the church in the province of New York, as it was laid before the clergy, convened October 5di, 1704. at New York ; it is therein stated that " there is an independent church at Bedford where the minister designs to leave them ; they are well affected to the church, and it is hoped when he is gone they will be in communion with Iier.''^

The following year Col. Caleb Heathcoate informs the secretary of the Propogation Society, " that sometime prior to his coming into the Province, Rye and Bedford had a minister, one Mr. Denham, and afterwards one Mr. Jones at Bedford. ^

A LIST OF MI.MSTERS OF THE CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH,

BEDFORD.

Install or call, Ministers. ''' -

1681 ; ..r- Rev. Peter Prudden,

1688 ■ r Rev. Thomas Denham, ^

Oct. 1689 ' Rev. Abraham Ambler,

1699 Rev. Joseph Morgan,

1704 ' Rev. Eliphalet Jones,^

a November 14, lfi99, the town agreed to give sixteen acres of ploughed land to Mr. Copp, in condition he would inhabit among them.

b See Church Rec Francis L. Hawks, D. D. vol. i. No. 16. ^^ .

c Church Record 1841, vol. i. No. 29.

d Styled in the Co. Rec. minister of the gospel of our Lord Jesus Christ in Bedford.

e Son of the Rev. John Jones, of Fairfield, born at Concord, January 11, 1641.

2 2 HIISTORY OF THE

A^ V

The first regularly installed Presbyterian pastor of Bedford, ^vas the Rev. Wihiam Tennent ; this individual upon his first i^rrival in America, (in 1716,) settled at East Chester, A. D. 1720 ; the exact date of his removal to Bedford has not been determined ; it probably took place in 1721. a

Rec. minister of the gospel of our Lord Jesus Christ in Bedford.

e Son of the Rev. John Jones, of Fairfield, born at Concord, January 11, 1641.

2 2 HIISTORY OF THE

A^ V

The first regularly installed Presbyterian pastor of Bedford, ^vas the Rev. Wihiam Tennent ; this individual upon his first i^rrival in America, (in 1716,) settled at East Chester, A. D. 1720 ; the exact date of his removal to Bedford has not been determined ; it probably took place in 1721. a

The Presbyterian Society was incorporated by virtue of an act of the legislature of this state " entitled an act to enable all religious denominations in this state to appoint trustees who shall be a body corporate, for the purpose of taking care of the temporalities of their respective congregations, and for other purposes therein mentioned, passed 6th of April, 1784, " to be known by the name of the trustees for the Presbyterian Church and congregation of Bedford, to be governed in discipline and worship according to the Directory of the now established Church of Scotland," first trustees Zebadiah Mills, Israel Lyon and Joseph Owen.b

LIST OF MINISTERS OF THE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH AT

BEDFORD.

Install or call, JMinisters. Vacated by

1721 Rev. ^ViUiam Tennent, resig.

1740 Rev. Robert Sturgeon, do.

1743 Rev. Samuel Sackett, do. 1753

Jan. 1, 1769 Rev. Ehphalet Ball, do. Jan. 1, 1769

Dec. 13, 1769 Rev. Samuel Mills, do. May 18, 1786

May IS, 1786 Rev. John Davenport, do. May 4, 1791

The Presbyterian Society was incorporated by virtue of an act of the legislature of this state " entitled an act to enable all religious denominations in this state to appoint trustees who shall be a body corporate, for the purpose of taking care of the temporalities of their respective congregations, and for other purposes therein mentioned, passed 6th of April, 1784, " to be known by the name of the trustees for the Presbyterian Church and congregation of Bedford, to be governed in discipline and worship according to the Directory of the now established Church of Scotland," first trustees Zebadiah Mills, Israel Lyon and Joseph Owen.b

LIST OF MINISTERS OF THE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH AT

BEDFORD.

Install or call, JMinisters. Vacated by

1721 Rev. ^ViUiam Tennent, resig.

1740 Rev. Robert Sturgeon, do.

1743 Rev. Samuel Sackett, do. 1753

Jan. 1, 1769 Rev. Ehphalet Ball, do. Jan. 1, 1769

Dec. 13, 1769 Rev. Samuel Mills, do. May 18, 1786

May IS, 1786 Rev. John Davenport, do. May 4, 1791

Nov. 15, 1798 Rev. Josiah Henderson, do. Nov. 15, 1803

Sept. 20, 1804 Rev. Ebenezer Grant, ob. Sept. 6, 1821

April 16, 1828 Rev. Jacob Green, present minister.

First elders of the church, Ebenezer Miller, and Jacob Smith, first deacon Ebenezer Miller.

CHURCH MEMORANDA.

A. D. 1826, communicants 141, baptisms 19,

» The Rev. William Tennent was the founder of the Log. College, Penn. See Biographical sketches of the founder by A. Alexander, D. J).-- Assembly Magazine, May, 1805.

t Religious Soc. Incorp. Co. Rec Lib. A. 4.

Sept. 20, 1804 Rev. Ebenezer Grant, ob. Sept. 6, 1821

April 16, 1828 Rev. Jacob Green, present minister.

First elders of the church, Ebenezer Miller, and Jacob Smith, first deacon Ebenezer Miller.

CHURCH MEMORANDA.

A. D. 1826, communicants 141, baptisms 19,

» The Rev. William Tennent was the founder of the Log. College, Penn. See Biographical sketches of the founder by A. Alexander, D. J).-- Assembly Magazine, May, 1805.

t Religious Soc. Incorp. Co. Rec Lib. A. 4.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 23

A. D. 1S36 communicants, 191, baptisms, 6, 1846 ditto 194, ditto 7,

Present number of communicants in (1847,) 200.

The Bedford presbytery,^ which was created in 1829 consists of the following churches, Bedford, So lers, South Salem, Poundridge, Rye, K^. Green burg. White Plains, Mt, Pleasant, Yorktown, North Salem and Greenburgh.

About half a mile north of the Presbyterian church, lies a small scattered hamlet consisting of two churches, an academy, two stores and several dwellings; through it the northern road to Cantetoe passes. In the northern part of this hamlet is situated St. Mathews Episcopal Church, a neat structure of brick, erected in 1807, by public subscription.

Bedford originally constituted one of the three districts of Ryo parish, having been annexed thereto by the general acts of assembly, passed in 1693, 1696 and 1700. The first rector of the parish was the Rev. Thomas Pritchard ;b from a letter addressed by this individual to the Venerable Propogation Society, dated November 1st, 1704, we learn that the Rev. Mr. Stewart was laboring as a missionary at Bedford. V '

Mathews Episcopal Church, a neat structure of brick, erected in 1807, by public subscription.

Bedford originally constituted one of the three districts of Ryo parish, having been annexed thereto by the general acts of assembly, passed in 1693, 1696 and 1700. The first rector of the parish was the Rev. Thomas Pritchard ;b from a letter addressed by this individual to the Venerable Propogation Society, dated November 1st, 1704, we learn that the Rev. Mr. Stewart was laboring as a missionary at Bedford. V '

The quota furnished by the Bedford precinct towards the

Rector's tax in 1725 was £16, 2s. Od, in 1745, £30,

throughout the year 1728. Tiie Rev. Timothy VVetmore officiated here, and the Rev. Mr. Lampson in 1745; at this date there appear to have been four hundred families within the two precincts of Bedford and North Castle. In 1753, the Rev. Timothy Wetmore informed the Propogation Society, ''that the congregations at Bedford and North Casile were large and flourishing."

In the spring of 1762, the precincts of Bedford and North Castle were visited by the Rev. George Dibble and St. George Talbot, Esq. The latter gentleman, (says Mr. HuQ)phreys,) willing to know the religious state of the people, desired Mr. Dibble to accompany him to Bedford, Crumpond and Peekskill, and to return by way of Croton and White Plains, which he did, and preached

* The earliest meeting of the Presbytery in America, is supposed to have taken place in 1705. , a

b See Rye. ' ' ?

In the spring of 1762, the precincts of Bedford and North Castle were visited by the Rev. George Dibble and St. George Talbot, Esq. The latter gentleman, (says Mr. HuQ)phreys,) willing to know the religious state of the people, desired Mr. Dibble to accompany him to Bedford, Crumpond and Peekskill, and to return by way of Croton and White Plains, which he did, and preached

* The earliest meeting of the Presbytery in America, is supposed to have taken place in 1705. , a

b See Rye. ' ' ?

24 HISTORY OF THE

in each of those places, and baptized ten children; he found no person of any denomination in any of these places except at Bedford, in each of them he met with several families professors of the Cluirch of Enghtnd.

St. George Talbot subsequently devised in trust, " certain sums of money,'' "for the use and benefit of the churches of North Castle and Bedford."'^

" From letters received by Dr. Auchmuty, Rector of Trinity Church, and jMr. Livingston (executor of the late Mr. St. George Talbot,) dated December 8th, 1769, it appears that the heirs at law leave no method untried to defeat the purposes of Mr. Talbot's will and that by evasive practices in law, the cause is still undetermined. "t>

In 1771, Mr. John Livingston informs the Propogation Society, that with regard to Mr. Talbot's will the attorneys have judged it expedient to come to an agreement with the heirs of Mr. Talbot, by which the executors should pay them £1300, in full for their claim and demand on the real and personal estate. It will be seen, however, that the Church did not receive the legacy until the year 1803.

Talbot's will and that by evasive practices in law, the cause is still undetermined. "t>

In 1771, Mr. John Livingston informs the Propogation Society, that with regard to Mr. Talbot's will the attorneys have judged it expedient to come to an agreement with the heirs of Mr. Talbot, by which the executors should pay them £1300, in full for their claim and demand on the real and personal estate. It will be seen, however, that the Church did not receive the legacy until the year 1803.

The Episcopal Church of Bedford was first incorporated on the 19th of April 1789, under the stile of " the Trustees of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the townships of Bedford and North Castle."^

In consequence of an act passed for the relief of the Protestant Episcopal Church on the 17ih of March, 1795 ; this church was again incorporated under the name and title of " the Protestant Episcopal Church in the United towns of Bedford and New Castle, the church at New Castle to continue by the regular name of St. George's Church." Charles Haight of New Castle, and William Miller, Esq. of Bedford, Churchwardens ; Samuel Raymond, Gabriel Smith, David Haight, James McDonald, Marmaduke Forster, Gilbert Martin. Nicholas Haight and Samuel Smith

* " Which said money is now in possession of Lewis McDonald and others," extracts from will of St. George Talbot, Esq. b Reports of Propogation Society, c Incorp. of lieli^'ious Soc- Lib. A. 12.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 25

In consequence of an act passed for the relief of the Protestant Episcopal Church on the 17ih of March, 1795 ; this church was again incorporated under the name and title of " the Protestant Episcopal Church in the United towns of Bedford and New Castle, the church at New Castle to continue by the regular name of St. George's Church." Charles Haight of New Castle, and William Miller, Esq. of Bedford, Churchwardens ; Samuel Raymond, Gabriel Smith, David Haight, James McDonald, Marmaduke Forster, Gilbert Martin. Nicholas Haight and Samuel Smith

* " Which said money is now in possession of Lewis McDonald and others," extracts from will of St. George Talbot, Esq. b Reports of Propogation Society, c Incorp. of lieli^'ious Soc- Lib. A. 12.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 25

vestrymen." Theodosius Bartow appears to have been minister of the united parishes at the time of election. »•

At a meeting of the vestry November 12th, 1795, it was " ordered that WiUiam Miller, Esq., be empowered to commence and carry on a suit against Philip I. Livingston for money left by St. George Talbot to the churches of Bedford and New Castle."

At a meeting of the vestry held on the 3rd of March, 1803, "Mr. Miller informed the board that the money bequeathed to the united churches by the late St. George Talbot, had been recovered by a judgment obtained in the supreme court against Philip I. Livingston, and the said money after deducting charges will probably amount to about twenty-five hundred dollars." The vestry at the same meeting resolved to purchase a certain house and forty acres of land in Bedford, at the price of sixteen hundred and twenty-five dollars, for a glebe and parsonage ; the purchase was subsequently made and a new parsonage erected thereon in 1822.

George Talbot, had been recovered by a judgment obtained in the supreme court against Philip I. Livingston, and the said money after deducting charges will probably amount to about twenty-five hundred dollars." The vestry at the same meeting resolved to purchase a certain house and forty acres of land in Bedford, at the price of sixteen hundred and twenty-five dollars, for a glebe and parsonage ; the purchase was subsequently made and a new parsonage erected thereon in 1822. In 1804, Trinity Church, New York, liberally endowed the united churches of Bedford and New Castle with the sum of one thousand dollars ; also in 1808 the further sura of one hundred and fifty dollars. ^ - .. -

At a vestry meeting held on the 8th of December, 1805, it was resolved " that the residue of the bequest of St. George Talbot be appropriated towards defraying the cost of building a church in Bedford. c

The communion silver belonging to St. Matthew's Church, was the united gift of Mrs. Banyar and Ann Jay, on the 29th of October, 1810.

The service books were presented by Mrs. Ann Raymond of Bedford. In 1839 the church was repaired and new seated ; the first delegate from this parish to the Diocesan convention in 1787, was Stephen de Lancey, Esq.

^ Incorp. of Relig. Soc. Lib. A. 64.

b Hist, of Trinity Ch. N. Y. by Samuel Berrien, D. D.

c The church at New Castle having been found too much decayed for public worship, was taken down in 1839 ; from that time services have been entirely confined to Bedford.

In 1839 the church was repaired and new seated ; the first delegate from this parish to the Diocesan convention in 1787, was Stephen de Lancey, Esq.

^ Incorp. of Relig. Soc. Lib. A. 64.

b Hist, of Trinity Ch. N. Y. by Samuel Berrien, D. D.

c The church at New Castle having been found too much decayed for public worship, was taken down in 1839 ; from that time services have been entirely confined to Bedford.

Vol. L 4

S'

26 HISTORY OF THE

RECTORS OF BEDFORD.

Institution or call, Incumbents, by resi

1704, Rev. Stewart, clericus. ditto

1796, Rev. Theodosius Bartow, Presb. ditto

30lh July 1S04, Rev. George Strebeck, Presb. ditto

1S09, Rev. Nathan Felch, Presb. ditto

16th June 1S16, Rev. George Weller, Deacon, ditto

ISiy, Rev. Samuel Nicholls, Presb. ditto

12th Aug. 183S, Rev. Alfred Partridge, pr. incum.

NOTITIA .PAROCHIALIS.

1745, baptisms 14, communicants 00 1810, ditto OS, ditto 10

1815, ditto 19, ditto 24

1844, ditto 09, ditto 88

The burying ground adjoining the church contains memorials to the families of the Amblers, Guions, Olmsteds, CoUyers, Raymonds, Parks, Gardeners and Banks.

Within the before mentioned hamlet, near the junction of the Sing Sing and Bedford roads, stands the Baptist Church. The Baptist Society was first organized September 22d, 1798, seven of its members having received legal letters of dismission from the Baptist Church of Stamford, to form a new society under the pastoral charge of Elder Jones ; on the eighth of May 1802, elder Ezra Fountain was elected Pastor of this church, an office which he held with great acceptance until his death which took place November 26th, 1837. The Rev. Ezra Fountain was interred on his farm, at present occupied by John A. Miller, in this town, where a monument has been erected to his memory, which contains the following epitapth, written by himself:

The Baptist Society was first organized September 22d, 1798, seven of its members having received legal letters of dismission from the Baptist Church of Stamford, to form a new society under the pastoral charge of Elder Jones ; on the eighth of May 1802, elder Ezra Fountain was elected Pastor of this church, an office which he held with great acceptance until his death which took place November 26th, 1837. The Rev. Ezra Fountain was interred on his farm, at present occupied by John A. Miller, in this town, where a monument has been erected to his memory, which contains the following epitapth, written by himself:

" A dying preacher I have been,"

To dying creatures such as you, A dying preacher I rennain,

To all who come my grave to view.

It may be truly said of this good man, though dead he yet sp3aketii. Mr. Fountain was succeeded in the pastoral charge by

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 27

Elder Charles H. Underbill wlio continued for two years. Their successors have been Elder Samuel Covel, and Elder Nathan Reed, the present pastor is a licentiate from the Baptist Seminary of Madison County, New York. Present number of communicants, 250.

The Union Academy of Bedford occupies a prominent situation south east of the Baptist Church ; its principal is Alexander G. Reynolds.

Near the hamlet, are situated the residences of William Hursell and Jabez Robertson, Esqrs.

To the south east lies the Hook farm, the property of Phinehas Barrett Esq., (formerly belonging to Col. James Holmes.) Upon (he 5th of April, 1774, James Smith and Mary his wife sold to James Holmes, "all that messnage lying in Bedford, conmionly called the Hook, containing seventy-three acres.

The Union Academy of Bedford occupies a prominent situation south east of the Baptist Church ; its principal is Alexander G. Reynolds.

Near the hamlet, are situated the residences of William Hursell and Jabez Robertson, Esqrs.

To the south east lies the Hook farm, the property of Phinehas Barrett Esq., (formerly belonging to Col. James Holmes.) Upon (he 5th of April, 1774, James Smith and Mary his wife sold to James Holmes, "all that messnage lying in Bedford, conmionly called the Hook, containing seventy-three acres.

Col. James Holmes was the son of John and Jemima Holmes ; his father John Holmes was a respectable farmer, a man of extensive real and personal property, a large proportion of which descended to him from his father John Holmes, who emigrated to this country from Beverly, Yorkshire, in England, about the year 1660, and was one of the original proprietors and settlers of this town. John Holmes, father of the said Col. James Holmes held many civil and military appointments. He was many years a town clerk. Justice of the Peace and Captain of the Militia, which appointments he held till the time of his death.

During the French war between France and Great Britain, in 1757-8, Col. James Holmes volunteered in the service of his country, and was in the great and destructive battle under the command of General Abercrombie, in which were nineteen hundred men killed and wounded. After the conquest of Canada he returned to Bedford.

Upon the commencement of hostilities between America and Great Britain, he was appointed by the New York Convention one of a committee of three, viz : Col. James Van Courtland, Capt. Montgomery, (afterwards Gen. Montgomery,) and himself, to proceed to examine the heights about Kingsbridge, and report where it wonld be advisable to fortify.

James Holmes volunteered in the service of his country, and was in the great and destructive battle under the command of General Abercrombie, in which were nineteen hundred men killed and wounded. After the conquest of Canada he returned to Bedford.

Upon the commencement of hostilities between America and Great Britain, he was appointed by the New York Convention one of a committee of three, viz : Col. James Van Courtland, Capt. Montgomery, (afterwards Gen. Montgomery,) and himself, to proceed to examine the heights about Kingsbridge, and report where it wonld be advisable to fortify. They performed this duty and reported satisfactory. The same convention ordered four regi-

28 HISTORY OF THE

ments to be raised. The first was given to Alexander M'Doiigal, the second to G. Van Schaick, the third to James Clinton, and the fourth to James Holmes. Tliese regiments were immediately advanced to the northward. In 1777, he retired from the service of his country, owing to certain circumstances which had tended to dampen his military ambition, and returned to his farm. In the spring of 1778, he was arrested by order of the committee of public safety, and conveyed to Bedford.

He subsequently accepted the appointment of Lieut. Colonel of the corps of West Chester County refugees, in the British service ; in this corps he remained till the end of the war. Colonel James Holmes died at New Haven, July, 1824; leaving issue by his wife Tamar, two daughters ; Tamar, who married James Ronalds, father of William R. Ronalds, Esq., of New York, and Sally, the wife of Jeremiah Lounsberry of this town. a

He subsequently accepted the appointment of Lieut. Colonel of the corps of West Chester County refugees, in the British service ; in this corps he remained till the end of the war. Colonel James Holmes died at New Haven, July, 1824; leaving issue by his wife Tamar, two daughters ; Tamar, who married James Ronalds, father of William R. Ronalds, Esq., of New York, and Sally, the wife of Jeremiah Lounsberry of this town. a

The village of Bedford was burnt during the Revolutionary war, (by a party of British light horse on their route to Fairfield,) and much vahiable property destroyed in its immediate vicinity, but the inhabitants continued firmly attached to the interests of their country.

On the 15th of July. 1779, General Heath having ascertained that the enemy's shipping had gone down towards New York, moved his troops and took a strong position between Ridgefield and Bedford, sending out patrols of horse and foot on all the roads. b

On the evening of the 29ihof December, 1780, (writes General Heath,) a party of the enemy from Delancey's corps, consisting of about one hundred infantry and fifty horse, came up to North Castle where after a short halt they proceeded towards Bedford new purchase. Capt. Pritchard who was posted at Bedford with a company of continental troops, and some militia, immediately advanced towards them, attacked their van, who retreated, as did their main body. Capt. Pritchard pursued them as far as Youngs. It was said that one of the enemy was killed and several wound-

On the evening of the 29ihof December, 1780, (writes General Heath,) a party of the enemy from Delancey's corps, consisting of about one hundred infantry and fifty horse, came up to North Castle where after a short halt they proceeded towards Bedford new purchase. Capt. Pritchard who was posted at Bedford with a company of continental troops, and some militia, immediately advanced towards them, attacked their van, who retreated, as did their main body. Capt. Pritchard pursued them as far as Youngs. It was said that one of the enemy was killed and several wound-

» Extracts from life of James Holmes, Esq., printed in 1815. b Heath's Mem. p. 270.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 29

ed who were carried off in a wagon. Four oxen, and between thirty and forty sheep were retaken, eight or ten head of cattle were driven off; the captain sustained no injury.^ -

On the morning of the sixteenth, 1781, (contiijues the same authority,) " the enemy made an incursion from Morrisania, towards Bedford, and took Lieuts. Carpenter, Wright and Peacock, and five other inhabitants prisoners; burnt five houses, plundered and stript several other inhabitants, and returned ; they were pursued by Capt. Pritchard, but could not be overtaken. ^

One of the most prominent objects in the immediate vicinity of Bedford village, is the round hill called Aspeiong, celebrated for its beautiful views of the surrounding country, its summit affords a favorite resort for parties during the summer season. <^

The road proceeding north from the village descends into the valley of the Beaver dam, (Cisqua,) watered by a beautiful stream of the same name, which rises in the adjoining town of Poundridge. In its progress to the Croton the Beaver dam is fed by the waters of broad and muddy brooks. By the process of gauging in 1833, (at a fair minimum,) the Beaver dam and Broad brook yielded four million nine hundred and sixty-three thousand four hundred and eighty gallons per diem.'i

The road proceeding north from the village descends into the valley of the Beaver dam, (Cisqua,) watered by a beautiful stream of the same name, which rises in the adjoining town of Poundridge. In its progress to the Croton the Beaver dam is fed by the waters of broad and muddy brooks. By the process of gauging in 1833, (at a fair minimum,) the Beaver dam and Broad brook yielded four million nine hundred and sixty-three thousand four hundred and eighty gallons per diem.'i

The former stream appears to have been in a peculiar manner the haunt of the beaver ; hence the origin of the name Beaver dam. This timid animal, (says Van der Donck,) " always constructed its dwellings over running streams, having apertures in the lower stories which communicated with the water from which they could more easily retreat under water to places of safety which they have always prepared near their houses ; these consist of a hollow or hole entwining under water from the side of the stream whereon their house was erected, and adjoining under the bank into which they retreat on the approach of danger, wherein they seem to be safe and secure that no person can molest them. Eighty thousand beavers (the same authority asserts,) were killed

=1 Heath's Mem. p. 268. b Heath's Mem. p. 274.

c 11th May, 1772, John Farnam conveys to James Holmes a lot of land lying in Bedford near a place called Aspetong. d Report of water commissioners.

This timid animal, (says Van der Donck,) " always constructed its dwellings over running streams, having apertures in the lower stories which communicated with the water from which they could more easily retreat under water to places of safety which they have always prepared near their houses ; these consist of a hollow or hole entwining under water from the side of the stream whereon their house was erected, and adjoining under the bank into which they retreat on the approach of danger, wherein they seem to be safe and secure that no person can molest them. Eighty thousand beavers (the same authority asserts,) were killed

=1 Heath's Mem. p. 268. b Heath's Mem. p. 274.

c 11th May, 1772, John Farnam conveys to James Holmes a lot of land lying in Bedford near a place called Aspetong. d Report of water commissioners.

30 HISTORY OF THE

annually, during his residence of nine years in the New Netherlunds."a

The beaver's favorite food was the bark of the willow, birch, and maple trees which still flourish on the banks of the Cisqua, (Beaver dam.) Rising above the banks of this stream on the west is an extensive ridge called the " Deer's delight."

It appears that the old road laid out to the vineyard purchase in 1739, " extended north from Harris's mill at the west side of Cantetoe ridge on the east side of " deer's delight," and so through to the purchase.^

Deer must have been very numerous here in 1656, for the same authority just quoted says " the land abounded with them every where, and their numbers appear to remain undiminished ; we seldom pass through the fields without seeing deer more or less, and we frequently see them in herds ; there are also white bucks and does, and others of a black colour.

It appears that the old road laid out to the vineyard purchase in 1739, " extended north from Harris's mill at the west side of Cantetoe ridge on the east side of " deer's delight," and so through to the purchase.^

Deer must have been very numerous here in 1656, for the same authority just quoted says " the land abounded with them every where, and their numbers appear to remain undiminished ; we seldom pass through the fields without seeing deer more or less, and we frequently see them in herds ; there are also white bucks and does, and others of a black colour. The Indians aver that the haunts of the white deer are much frequented by the common deer, and that those of the black species are not frequented by the common deer."^

The wolf appears to have abounded in proportion to the other wild game. So destructive had this ferocious animal become in 1694 that the town of Bedford offered " twenty shillings bounty for the killing of wolves."

In the northern part of this town is situated the residence and estate of the Jay family. Here the Hon. John Jay spent the latter part of his life. The house is delightfully seated on a rising ground backed with luxuriant woods. The surrounding scenery is exceedingly picturesque, particularly on the west overlooking the Kisco and Croton vallies, and the hills bordering the Hudson. Among these is the distant Dunderberg. A sunset view from this place is uncommonly grand. The interior of the mansion contains a number of excellent portraits. These consist of the Hon. John Jay, head by Stewart, Stephen Van Rensselaer, by ditto,

The house is delightfully seated on a rising ground backed with luxuriant woods. The surrounding scenery is exceedingly picturesque, particularly on the west overlooking the Kisco and Croton vallies, and the hills bordering the Hudson. Among these is the distant Dunderberg. A sunset view from this place is uncommonly grand. The interior of the mansion contains a number of excellent portraits. These consist of the Hon. John Jay, head by Stewart, Stephen Van Rensselaer, by ditto,

»■ Van der Donk's Hist. N. N. New York Hist. Soc. collect, b Book of Co. Roads, Co. Clerk's office, lib. L. A. D. 1728. « Van der Douk's N. N.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

Hon. Egbert Benson by dilto, Augustus Jay, co))y from an old French picture, Mrs. Balch by West, and a bust of the Hon John Jay after a model by (.^arrncio.^

The following notice of the death of the Hon. Jolin Jay occurs in Hammond's Political History of the state.

" The venerable John Jay died on the 17ih of May, at his mansion in Bedford, at the advanced age of ei<^hty three years. Although he had been "long remembered," he was not entirely forgotten. The Supreme Court being in session in New York, the gentlemen of the bar, held a meeting, of which David B. Ogden was chairman, and John Suydam was secretary, and at wliich a committee was appointed, consisting of Greene C. Bronson, Jan^es Tallmadge, J. A. Spencer, D. S. Jones, G. Griffin, and J. J. Rosevelt, who reported among others the following resolution, which was unanimously adopted :

Although he had been "long remembered," he was not entirely forgotten. The Supreme Court being in session in New York, the gentlemen of the bar, held a meeting, of which David B. Ogden was chairman, and John Suydam was secretary, and at wliich a committee was appointed, consisting of Greene C. Bronson, Jan^es Tallmadge, J. A. Spencer, D. S. Jones, G. Griffin, and J. J. Rosevelt, who reported among others the following resolution, which was unanimously adopted :

" Resolved that the members of this bar are impressed with deep grief upon the decease of their illustrious brother John Jay. They find, however, a consolation in the reflection, that his conduct through a long and useful life, has given a lustre to our profession, and to this bar ; and that while his character for pri-

Residence of tlie Hon John Jay.

* Frazee the sculptor executed several busts of this distinguished individual from the model of Carracio ; one of these was ordered by Congress for the Supreme Court of the U. S.

32 HISTORY OF THE

vate virtues and public worth has justly endeared him to the nation, liis patriotism, his great talents as a statesman, and his great acquirements as a jurist, his eminent purity as a christian, and his probity as a man, all unite to present him to the public as an example whose radiance points to the attainment of excellence."

Tiie memory of this great and good man will be embalmed in the heart of every true friend of liberty, virtue and the honor and prosperity of the state of New York and her civil institutions, as long as the history of this state and nation shall be known and read ."a

vate virtues and public worth has justly endeared him to the nation, liis patriotism, his great talents as a statesman, and his great acquirements as a jurist, his eminent purity as a christian, and his probity as a man, all unite to present him to the public as an example whose radiance points to the attainment of excellence."

Tiie memory of this great and good man will be embalmed in the heart of every true friend of liberty, virtue and the honor and prosperity of the state of New York and her civil institutions, as long as the history of this state and nation shall be known and read ."a

A little east of the house flows Spruce Creek, the former division line between the vineyard and the Dibble purchases.

North east of Cautetoe lies the valley of the Peppeneghek, (Cross River,) celebrated for its picturesque beauty.

Whitlocksville is a small settlement in the north west corner of Bedford situated near the junction of the Croton and Cross rivers. Upon the latter stream are located the grist mill and clothier works of Warren Whitlock. The Cross River, (Peppeneghek,) is said to discharge at the rate of nine million one hundred and forty-two thousand four hundred gallons per diem.

The Methodist Episcopal Church of this place was first erected in 1837, and incorporated on the 25th of February the same year : Norman William Miller, Walter P. Lyon, Joseph Wilson, Joel W. Miller and Noah Smith, trustees. ^

The settlement also contains a post office, three stores and twenty-five houses. The West Chester Rail Road passes a little east of the place : the Peppeneghek and the Cisqua intersect a mile to the eastward. Previous to the erection of the Croton dam, the shad fish annually ascended the river to Whitlocksville a distance of nearly thirty miles from the Hudson ; trout are taken here in great abundance.

Miller and Noah Smith, trustees. ^

The settlement also contains a post office, three stores and twenty-five houses. The West Chester Rail Road passes a little east of the place : the Peppeneghek and the Cisqua intersect a mile to the eastward. Previous to the erection of the Croton dam, the shad fish annually ascended the river to Whitlocksville a distance of nearly thirty miles from the Hudson ; trout are taken here in great abundance.

" The several tributaries of the Croton in this town supply a great abundance of mill seats. There is also a small stream that runs north from tfie village of Bedford to Long Island Sound

» Hammond'fi Polilical Hist, of N. Y. vol. ii. 310. b Relig. See. Lib. B. 69.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 33

(to which we have already alhided,). called the Mahanas river. The mills are numerous and more than equal to the wants of the inhabitants. The general surface of Bedford is elevated, and though broken by small hills, and valleys, has very little of waste ground. The arable, pasture, and meadow lands, are in very just proportion for a good farming country, and the whole is well watered by springs, brooks, and rivulets, the latter of a good size for mills ; the summits of the hills afford many extensive and interesting prospects, but the hills are stony and hard to till though they yield good crops of grain, grass, and all the common fruits."

In the vicinity of Bedford sulpheret of iron, and the oxide of iron occur in beds of sand, also quartz and slate are found in numerous localities.

The arable, pasture, and meadow lands, are in very just proportion for a good farming country, and the whole is well watered by springs, brooks, and rivulets, the latter of a good size for mills ; the summits of the hills afford many extensive and interesting prospects, but the hills are stony and hard to till though they yield good crops of grain, grass, and all the common fruits."

In the vicinity of Bedford sulpheret of iron, and the oxide of iron occur in beds of sand, also quartz and slate are found in numerous localities.

The following extracts are taken from the town records :^

" July, 1682, was held the first town meeting.'' " At a town meeting held March 17, 1686, the town by vote did choose Zachariah Roberts town clerk, for to record town matters and to keep the town books and papers."

The first independent election for town officers, took place on the 7th of April, 1784, when the following officers were chosen :

Peter Fleming. -- Supervisor.

Philip Leek. -- Town Clerk.

Lemuel Light. -- Constable and Collector.

Philip Leek, ]

Richard Sackett, ! Assessors John Miller, f ^^^^-^^o^^-

Ephraim Raymond, J

James McDonald

Eli Tyler, J> Commissioners of Roads.

Zebediah Mills.

a The town records consist of four volumes, No. 1 entitled Record of the town, 1683. No. 2 the Laws and Orders of Connecticut Colony, &c., entered upon record by Zachariah Roberts, recorder, in the year 1699. No. 3 commences April 30, 1708. No. 4, 1786.

Lemuel Light. -- Constable and Collector.

Philip Leek, ]

Richard Sackett, ! Assessors John Miller, f ^^^^-^^o^^-

Ephraim Raymond, J

James McDonald

Eli Tyler, J> Commissioners of Roads.

Zebediah Mills.

a The town records consist of four volumes, No. 1 entitled Record of the town, 1683. No. 2 the Laws and Orders of Connecticut Colony, &c., entered upon record by Zachariah Roberts, recorder, in the year 1699. No. 3 commences April 30, 1708. No. 4, 1786.

Vol. I. 5 -

CORTLANDT.

fc=t. PctQi's Church, PeekskHl.

This town formerlybelonged to the great manor of Cortlandt, which also comprehended the present townships of North Salem, Somers and Yorktown. The name itself is derived from the ancient family of the Yan Cortland t'Sj the

mesne Lords and first grantees from the Indians. Under the Mohegans or River Indians, Cortlandt-town appears to have been divided between the two chiefs of Sachus and Kitchawong, the former of whom exercised jurisdiction over the lands of Wishqua, Canopus, Wenneebees, Appamaghpogh and Meahagh, a territory extending from the south side of Verplanck's Point to St. Anthony's nose in the Highlands, whilst the latter held authority over the lands of Kitchawan, lying south of Verplanck's Point, including Senasquaneck, (Teller's Point,) and the small island of Oscawana.

The Indian villages in their order were, first, Kitchawonk, situated near the mouth of the Croton, so called from the original name of the river, viz : " Kitchawan,"a term which is descriptive of a large and swift flowing current. Croton, the present name of the same stream, is said to have been adopted from an illustrious sachem of that name who resided here at an early period.

Anthony's nose in the Highlands, whilst the latter held authority over the lands of Kitchawan, lying south of Verplanck's Point, including Senasquaneck, (Teller's Point,) and the small island of Oscawana.

The Indian villages in their order were, first, Kitchawonk, situated near the mouth of the Croton, so called from the original name of the river, viz : " Kitchawan,"a term which is descriptive of a large and swift flowing current. Croton, the present name of the same stream, is said to have been adopted from an illustrious sachem of that name who resided here at an early period.

"The first name of importance above the island (remarks Mr. Schoolcraft,) is Croton, a name of classic sound, but unquestiona-

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 35

bly derived from the Indian, though a corrnption of the original, and not originally applied by them to the River.

In a deed dated 16S5, which is quoted by Jud^e Benson, the river is called Kitchawan. " Croton as stated by the same authority is a corruption of the name of a chief who lived and exercised his authority at the mouth of this stream. It is clearly a derivative from Kenotin or Knoten, or as it is oftener used without the pronoun prefixed, Noten, meaning in either case the wind or a tempest. It is a man's name still common in the west and north. "a.

The Indian castle of Kitchawan (according to tradition) occupied a commanding position on the neck proper overlooking the Croton and Haverstraw bays, a little northwest of tlie manor house. This site was chosen for the purpose of protecting the fisheries, and overawing the neighboring tribes. A variety of Indian weapons are occasionally found in the neighborhood, consisting principally of battle-axes, javelins and arrow heads. The Indian burying ground is situated near the entrance of Senasqua Neck, (Teller's Point.) The sachem of Kitchawan in 1641, was Metse wakes.

The Indian castle of Kitchawan (according to tradition) occupied a commanding position on the neck proper overlooking the Croton and Haverstraw bays, a little northwest of tlie manor house. This site was chosen for the purpose of protecting the fisheries, and overawing the neighboring tribes. A variety of Indian weapons are occasionally found in the neighborhood, consisting principally of battle-axes, javelins and arrow heads. The Indian burying ground is situated near the entrance of Senasqua Neck, (Teller's Point.) The sachem of Kitchawan in 1641, was Metse wakes.

"Upon the 10th July, 1641, appeared before the counsel, the following chiefs summoned by Oratan, chief of Hackinkesacky, agreeably to the conversation with him on the 27 of May, viz., Sowanare, chief of Weckquaeskek, and Metsewakes, chief of Ketchawangh, alias Slauper Haven ; they expressed a desire to live on friendly terms with the Dutch and to detach themselves from the Esopus Indians.''^

Upon the 22d of April, 1643, the chief of Hackinkesacky was delegated by the Indians of Kitchawan to conclude a peace with the Director General. c

In 1644, Mamaronack was chief of the Indians residing on the Kitchawan. f^

!^ Pro. N. Y. Hist. Soc. 1844, 100.

!XL::::...o. • 128101S

d O'Callaghan's Hist. N. N. p. 302,

36 HISTORY OF THE

A. D. 1645, Aepjen chief sachem of the Mohegans signed a treaty of peace in behalf of the Kitchawanghs.a

On the 15th of September, 1663, occurs the name of Meghtesewakes, chief of Kitchawan, and in 1699, that of Sackama ^^'icker.

In 1644, Mamaronack was chief of the Indians residing on the Kitchawan. f^

!^ Pro. N. Y. Hist. Soc. 1844, 100.

!XL::::...o. • 128101S

d O'Callaghan's Hist. N. N. p. 302,

36 HISTORY OF THE

A. D. 1645, Aepjen chief sachem of the Mohegans signed a treaty of peace in behalf of the Kitchawanghs.a

On the 15th of September, 1663, occurs the name of Meghtesewakes, chief of Kitchawan, and in 1699, that of Sackama ^^'icker.

The next Indian village north of the Croton, was Sachus or Sackhoesj which stood near the site of the present village of Peekskill. The chief of this place in the year 1682, was Sirham.

The early Dutch maps place the villages of Keskisko, (a name that partly survives in theKisco River,) PasquashiC; and Noapain south ot the Highlands.

The Wappinger Indians occupied the region of St. Anthony's nose and the Kittatenny mountains, (Highlands. )'»

The Indians are said to have been very numerous in and around Peekskill as late as 1740, especially during the fishing seasons. c

At an early period, Teller's Point or neck passed from the native Indian proprietors to William and Sarah Teller. " The point or peninsula, (says Judge Benson,) the northern chop of the bay or entrance into Croton River, the Skippers called Sarah's Point, the Indians gave it to Wilham and Sarah Teller, husband and wife, and she survived him."<i

On the Sd of June, 1682, occurs a sale from the Indian proprietors, Ackemak, Jangheor, Nawakies, Wettatane, Kaegara, Pewengen, Askawanes, Siggeres, Owarrevvie, Aronjsack, Serram, Geckawock, Garhanck, Awoejhackias, Armawain, Ogkan, Nennafarick, Wapeken, Sepaacktan, and Awemaracktow, to Cornelius Van Burgum, consisting of all that parcel neck or point of land, with the marsh, meadow ground or valley thereto adjoining and belonging, situate, lying, and being on the east side of the North or Hudson's river, over against the Verdrida Hooke, commonly called and known by the name of Slaupers Haven, and by the Indians Navish, the meadow being by the Indians called Senasqua, being bounded by the said river and a certain creek called or known to the Indians by the name of Tanrackan and Sepperak,

On the Sd of June, 1682, occurs a sale from the Indian proprietors, Ackemak, Jangheor, Nawakies, Wettatane, Kaegara, Pewengen, Askawanes, Siggeres, Owarrevvie, Aronjsack, Serram, Geckawock, Garhanck, Awoejhackias, Armawain, Ogkan, Nennafarick, Wapeken, Sepaacktan, and Awemaracktow, to Cornelius Van Burgum, consisting of all that parcel neck or point of land, with the marsh, meadow ground or valley thereto adjoining and belonging, situate, lying, and being on the east side of the North or Hudson's river, over against the Verdrida Hooke, commonly called and known by the name of Slaupers Haven, and by the Indians Navish, the meadow being by the Indians called Senasqua, being bounded by the said river and a certain creek called or known to the Indians by the name of Tanrackan and Sepperak,

a N. Y. Hist. Soc. Coll. N. Ser. vol. i. 276.

y> Moulton's History of New York, p. 221.

• This is stated on the authority of Mr. Mandeville of Peekskill.

<i Benson's Mem. of the state of N. Y. 47.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 37

and divided from the main land by certain trees marked by the Indians, together with half the said creek, &c. &c., for and in consideration of a certain sum or quantity of Wampum and divers other goods, paid by Cornelius Van Burgum.^

It is certain that some time prior to 1748, Sarah Teller held the neck as tenant at sufferance nnder the Van Cortlandt family. A branch of the Teller family were early connected with the Yan Corllandt's by marriage. Andrew Teller in 1671 having married Sophia, daughter of the Right Hon. Oloff Stevensen Yan Cortlandt.

and divided from the main land by certain trees marked by the Indians, together with half the said creek, &c. &c., for and in consideration of a certain sum or quantity of Wampum and divers other goods, paid by Cornelius Van Burgum.^

It is certain that some time prior to 1748, Sarah Teller held the neck as tenant at sufferance nnder the Van Cortlandt family. A branch of the Teller family were early connected with the Yan Corllandt's by marriage. Andrew Teller in 1671 having married Sophia, daughter of the Right Hon. Oloff Stevensen Yan Cortlandt.

The common ancestor of the Tellers was a Dutch clergyman of some distinction in the New Netherlands.

Upon the 30th of July, 1667, occurs an act of the English Governor and his council, concerning William Teller and his children, wherein the payment of eighty-five beavers is enforced as his daughter's share besides other portions to his remaining children ; one of these was a son named Andries.b

The names of Jacob Teller en zyn buys vrow (and his wife) occur in the church books of Sleepy Hollow.

Upon the 14 of July, 1800, the heirs of William Teller, conveyed part of the neck to Elijah Morgan of Cortlandt-town • 6th of November, 1804, Elijah Morgan, jr., and Ann his wife re-sold the same to Robert Underbill ; on the 16th of August 1804, Robert McCord and wife conveyed another portion of the neck to Robert Underbill ; upon the death of the latter individual the whole became vested in his two sons, the present proprietors of Croton Point.

Upon the 14 of July, 1800, the heirs of William Teller, conveyed part of the neck to Elijah Morgan of Cortlandt-town • 6th of November, 1804, Elijah Morgan, jr., and Ann his wife re-sold the same to Robert Underbill ; on the 16th of August 1804, Robert McCord and wife conveyed another portion of the neck to Robert Underbill ; upon the death of the latter individual the whole became vested in his two sons, the present proprietors of Croton Point.

In 1683, the Hon. Stephanus Yan Cortlandt, purchased of the native Indian proprietors the territory of Meabagh, (Yerplanck's Point,) and the lands east thereof called Appamaghpogh as follows :

To all Christian people to whom this present writing shall come Pewemine, Oskewans, Turham, Qaerawighint, Siecham, Jsighers and Prackises, all Indians, true and rightful owners and proprietors of the land hereinafter mentiona Co. Rec. Lib. A. p. 189.

b Surrogate's office, New York, 30.

38 HISTORY OF THE

ed, as for themselves and the rest of their relations send, greeting, know ye that for and in consideration of the sum of twelve pounds in wampum and several other merchandises, as by a schedule hereunto annexed more at large, doth and may appear to them the same Indians in hand paid before the ensealino- and deHvering thereof, the receipt whereof is hereby acknowledged, and for other divers causes and considerations, they, the said Indians have granted, barcrained and sold, aliened, enfeofted and confirmed, and by these presents do full}^ clearly and absolutely grant, bargain, sell, alien, enfeof, and confirm unto Stephanus Tan Cortlandt of the city of New York, merchant, his heirs or assignees forever, all that certain tract or parcel of land situate, lying or being on the east side of the Hudson River, at the entering of the Highlands, just over against Haverstraw, lying on the south side of the creek called Tammoesis, and from thence easterly in the woods to the head of the creek called Kewightahagh, and so along said creek northerly to Hudson River, and thence westerly to the utmost point of the said tract of land, and from thence southerly along said Hudson River to the aforenamed creek, Tammoesis, which said tract or parcel of land known by the Indians by the name of Appamaghpogh and Meahagh, including all the lands, soils, meadows and woods within the circuit and bounds aforesaid, together with all, and singular the trees, timberwoods, under-woods, swamps, runs, marshes, meadows, rivulets, streams, creeks, waters, lakes, pools, ponds, fishing, hunting, fowling and whatsoever else to the said tract or parcel of land within the bounds and limits aforesaid, is belonging or in any wise appertaining without any restriction whatsoever, to HA.VE AND TO HOLD the Said parcel or tract of land, and all and singular other the premises and every part and parcel thereof unto the said Stephanus Van Cortlandt, his heirs and assignees to the sole and only proper use, benefit and behoof of him, the said Stephannus his heirs and assignees forever, and they, the said Tndians do for themselves their heirs and every of them consent, promise, and engage, that the said Stephanus Van Cortlandt his heirs and assignees shall and may from henceforth and forever lawfully peaceably and quietly have, hold, possess and enjoy the said tract or parcel of land, and all and singular the other the premises with their appurtenances without either let, hindrance, disturbance or interruption of or by them, the said Indian proprietors, or their heirs or any other person or persons claiming, or that shall hereafter, shall or may claim, by from under them or either of them, and that they shall and will upon the reasonable request and demand made by the said Stephanus Van Cortlandt, give and deliver peaceable and quiet possession of the said tract and parcel of land and premises, or of some part thereof and in the room of the whole under such person or persons, as by the said Stephanus Van Cortlandt shall be appointed to receive the sar^c, in witness whereof the said Indians Pewemind, Oskewans, Turham Querawighint, Siecham, Isighers, and Prackises, the Indian owners and proprietors aforesaid, have hereunto set their hands and seals in New York, this twenty-fourth day of August in the thirty fifth year of his majesties j^ign, Anno Domini, 1G83.

ed, as for themselves and the rest of their relations send, greeting, know ye that for and in consideration of the sum of twelve pounds in wampum and several other merchandises, as by a schedule hereunto annexed more at large, doth and may appear to them the same Indians in hand paid before the ensealino- and deHvering thereof, the receipt whereof is hereby acknowledged, and for other divers causes and considerations, they, the said Indians have granted, barcrained and sold, aliened, enfeofted and confirmed, and by these presents do full}^ clearly and absolutely grant, bargain, sell, alien, enfeof, and confirm unto Stephanus Tan Cortlandt of the city of New York, merchant, his heirs or assignees forever, all that certain tract or parcel of land situate, lying or being on the east side of the Hudson River, at the entering of the Highlands, just over against Haverstraw, lying on the south side of the creek called Tammoesis, and from thence easterly in the woods to the head of the creek called Kewightahagh, and so along said creek northerly to Hudson River, and thence westerly to the utmost point of the said tract of land, and from thence southerly along said Hudson River to the aforenamed creek, Tammoesis, which said tract or parcel of land known by the Indians by the name of Appamaghpogh and Meahagh, including all the lands, soils, meadows and woods within the circuit and bounds aforesaid, together with all, and singular the trees, timberwoods, under-woods, swamps, runs, marshes, meadows, rivulets, streams, creeks, waters, lakes, pools, ponds, fishing, hunting, fowling and whatsoever else to the said tract or parcel of land within the bounds and limits aforesaid, is belonging or in any wise appertaining without any restriction whatsoever, to HA.VE AND TO HOLD the Said parcel or tract of land, and all and singular other the premises and every part and parcel thereof unto the said Stephanus Van Cortlandt, his heirs and assignees to the sole and only proper use, benefit and behoof of him, the said Stephannus his heirs and assignees forever, and they, the said Tndians do for themselves their heirs and every of them consent, promise, and engage, that the said Stephanus Van Cortlandt his heirs and assignees shall and may from henceforth and forever lawfully peaceably and quietly have, hold, possess and enjoy the said tract or parcel of land, and all and singular the other the premises with their appurtenances without either let, hindrance, disturbance or interruption of or by them, the said Indian proprietors, or their heirs or any other person or persons claiming, or that shall hereafter, shall or may claim, by from under them or either of them, and that they shall and will upon the reasonable request and demand made by the said Stephanus Van Cortlandt, give and deliver peaceable and quiet possession of the said tract and parcel of land and premises, or of some part thereof and in the room of the whole under such person or persons, as by the said Stephanus Van Cortlandt shall be appointed to receive the sar^c, in witness whereof the said Indians Pewemind, Oskewans, Turham Querawighint, Siecham, Isighers, and Prackises, the Indian owners and proprietors aforesaid, have hereunto set their hands and seals in New York, this twenty-fourth day of August in the thirty fifth year of his majesties j^ign, Anno Domini, 1G83.

COUNTS- OF WESTCHESTER.

Signed and delivered in presence of us, Francis Rambolett, Gulian Verplanck.

This is the mark of q Pevvemind,

This is the marke of P Oskewans,

The mark of b3

Siecham, This is the mark of H

Isighers, The mark of I^

Prackises, The mark of O

Turham, The mark of M Querewighnit.

A schedule or list of goods paid by Stephanus Van Cortlandt, in his deed expressed. , ^ ^ ..

8 guns,

9 blankets,

5 coats, '" r .

14 fathom of Duffels,

14 kettles,

40 fathoms of black Wampum,

80 fathoms of white Vv'ampum,

2 ankers of rum,

5 half vats of strong beer,

6 earthen jugs,

12 shirts,

50 pounds of powder, ■ •' ;

30 bars of lead, ^' .

18 hatchets, ' ■

18 hoes, 14 knives, a small coat,

6 fathom of stroud water cloth, 6 pair of stockings, 6 tobacco boxes.

This purchase was afterwards confirmed to Stephanus Yan Cortlandt, to be holden of his majesty and his successors in common soccage according to the tenure of East Greenwich in England, the patentee paying yearly therefore (as a quit rent,) two bushels of good winter wheat.

The following year Thomas Dekay, Richard Abramsen, Jacob Abramsen, Sybout Harche, Jacob tlarche and Samuel Dekay, " obtained liberty and licence to purchase of the Indians, (each of them,) three hundred acres of land, lying and being in the high lands by the north of Stephen Yan Cortland t's land, which is called by the Indians, Wenebees^ lying between two creeks, over against the Thunder hill, (Diinderburgh,) on the east side of the river. &c. Sisjned Thomas Don^an.^"

The following year Thomas Dekay, Richard Abramsen, Jacob Abramsen, Sybout Harche, Jacob tlarche and Samuel Dekay, " obtained liberty and licence to purchase of the Indians, (each of them,) three hundred acres of land, lying and being in the high lands by the north of Stephen Yan Cortland t's land, which is called by the Indians, Wenebees^ lying between two creeks, over against the Thunder hill, (Diinderburgh,) on the east side of the river. &c. Sisjned Thomas Don^an.^"

The same year Thomas Dekay, Kichard Abramsen, Jacob

a Co. Rec. Lib. A. fol, 189, date of license, 6th of March, 1684. The prtncipa] part of the above purchase is now covered by the farm of John McCoy.

Abramsen, Sybout Harche, Jacob Harche, and Samuel Dekay, purchased of the Indians, Sirham, sachem of Sachus, Pannskapham, Charrish, Askewaen, Pewinenien, and Sickham, eighteen hundred acres of land "situate on the highlands north of Stephanus Van Cortlandi's land, which is called by the Indians Wenebees, i5cc."

The above grantees on the 21st of April, 1685, made a second purchase of land from the same native proprietors consisting of :

" All that tract or parcel of land situate lying and being on Hudson's River at a certain place called by the Indians Sachus, and stretching by the north side of Mr Stephanas Van Cortlandt's land to the said river to another creek, and so runs up said creek in several courses to a certain tree marked with R, and from the said marked tree southerly by marked trees all along to a marsh to another marked tree, marked R, west up to the aforesaid creek which lies by said Mr. Stephanus Van Cortlandt's land, &c., &c."

" All that tract or parcel of land situate lying and being on Hudson's River at a certain place called by the Indians Sachus, and stretching by the north side of Mr Stephanas Van Cortlandt's land to the said river to another creek, and so runs up said creek in several courses to a certain tree marked with R, and from the said marked tree southerly by marked trees all along to a marsh to another marked tree, marked R, west up to the aforesaid creek which lies by said Mr. Stephanus Van Cortlandt's land, &c., &c."

Here followeth the schedule or particular of wampum and goods paid for the said land.

100 fathoms of white wampum,

60 guilders of silver,

8 fowling pieces,

8 blankets,

10 match coats,

8 brass kettles,

6 Stroud water coats,

50 yards of stroud water,

15 shirts,

40 bars of lead,

15 earthen jugs cont. 50 lbs powder,

1000 fish hooks,

3 pistols,

100 tobacco pipes,

1 anker of rum,

15 bottles,

15 pair of stockings,

12 coopers knives,

5 bullet moulds,

15 axes,

15 hoes,

40 knives.

2 rolls of tobacco,

3 lead ladles, 100 Indian awls,^ 20 tobacco boxes, 200 needles,

2 swords, 8 coats,

4 half vats of beer.

Signed sealed and delivered in the presence of Brant Schuyler, Levinius V. Schayck, George Brewerton.

The mark of kj Weskhewen Sachem, The mark of X Tupaine, The mark of N Amterone, The mark of ?3 Shaphame.'*

» Used in perforating wampum. b Book of Pat. Alb. vol. v. 87.

40 knives.

2 rolls of tobacco,

3 lead ladles, 100 Indian awls,^ 20 tobacco boxes, 200 needles,

2 swords, 8 coats,

4 half vats of beer.

Signed sealed and delivered in the presence of Brant Schuyler, Levinius V. Schayck, George Brewerton.

The mark of kj Weskhewen Sachem, The mark of X Tupaine, The mark of N Amterone, The mark of ?3 Shaphame.'*

» Used in perforating wampum. b Book of Pat. Alb. vol. v. 87.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 41

A third sale from Sirhain, Indian sachem of Sachus, and other Indians, occurs on the 25th of June, 16S5, to Jacobus Dekay, <fcc.

" Of all that tract or parcel of land, situate and being on the east side of Hudson's River, commonly called and known by the name of Wishqua, beginning at a great creek, called by the Indians John Peake's creek, it being in the mouth of the west side of the sqid creek and so running up along the said river to another small creek and fall, including all fresh and salt meadows within the said bounds, together with all, &c., &c., for the value of four hundred guilders, seawant."a

The Indian territory of Sachus was subsequently confirmed by Royal Patent on the 23d day of December, 1685, to Tennis Dekay and his associates in the following manner :

Thomas Dongan, Lieut. Governor and Vice Admiral of Nev/ York, and its dependencies, under his majesty James the Second, by the grace of God, of England, Scotland, France and Ireland, King, defender of the faith &c.. Supreme Lord and proprietor of the colony and province of New York, and its dependencies in America, &c. To all whom this shall come, sendeth, greeting ; whereas, Teunis Dekay, Richard Abramsen, Jacob Abramsen, Sybout Harchie, Jacob Harchie, and Samuel Dekay, all of the city of New York, have by virtue of my order or lycense, bearing date the 6th day of March, Anno Domini, 1684- 5, according to the law and practice of the said Province, for a valuable consideration purchased of the natives and Indian owners, their right, title, interest, clayme and demand of, in and to all that certain tract or parcel of land herein after mentioned and expressed, for their own proper uses and behoofs as by the Indian deed of sale, bearing date the 21st day of April, A.

To all whom this shall come, sendeth, greeting ; whereas, Teunis Dekay, Richard Abramsen, Jacob Abramsen, Sybout Harchie, Jacob Harchie, and Samuel Dekay, all of the city of New York, have by virtue of my order or lycense, bearing date the 6th day of March, Anno Domini, 1684- 5, according to the law and practice of the said Province, for a valuable consideration purchased of the natives and Indian owners, their right, title, interest, clayme and demand of, in and to all that certain tract or parcel of land herein after mentioned and expressed, for their own proper uses and behoofs as by the Indian deed of sale, bearing date the 21st day of April, A. D. 1685, remaining upon record in the secretary's office of the said province may more fully and at large appear ; and whereas Samuel Dekay, one of the purchasers is since deceased, and Jacobus Dekay his father hath since his decease desired that his said purchase and share may be confirmed unto his grand sonne, Jacob Dekay, to him, his heirs and assigns for ever. Now know ye that by virtue of my commission and authority devised unto me, and power in me residing, in consideration of the quit rent, hereinafter received, I have given, granted, ratified and confirmed, and by these presents do give, grant, ratify and confirm unto the said Teunis Dekay, Richard Abramsen, Jacob Abramsen, Sybout Harchie, Jacob Harchie , and Jacobus Dekay, jun., all that certain tract or parcel of land situate, lying, and being on Hudson's river, at a certain place called by the Indians Sachus, and stretching by the north side of Stephanus Van Cortlandtjhis

Now know ye that by virtue of my commission and authority devised unto me, and power in me residing, in consideration of the quit rent, hereinafter received, I have given, granted, ratified and confirmed, and by these presents do give, grant, ratify and confirm unto the said Teunis Dekay, Richard Abramsen, Jacob Abramsen, Sybout Harchie, Jacob Harchie , and Jacobus Dekay, jun., all that certain tract or parcel of land situate, lying, and being on Hudson's river, at a certain place called by the Indians Sachus, and stretching by the north side of Stephanus Van Cortlandtjhis

a Alb. Book of Pat. vol. v.

Vol. 1.

42 HISTORY OF THE

land up to the said river, to another creek, and so runs up said creek ill several courses to a certain tree marked with T R, and from the said marked trees southerly by marked trees all along to a marsh, to another tree marked with T R, west of the aforesaid creek which lyes by said Stephanus Van Cortland's land, including all the meadows both fresh and salt within said bounds containing in all 1800 acres, or thereabouts, together with all, and all manner of rivers, rivulets, runs, streams, waters, feedings, pastures, woods, underwoods, trees, swamps, moors, marshes, meadows, easments, profits and commodities, fishing, fowling, hunting and hawking, and all other appurtenances whatsoever, to the said tract or parcel of land within the bounds and limits, aforesaid belonging, or in any wise appertaining to have and to hold, the said tract or parcel of land, and all and singular other the premises unto the said Teunis Dekay, &c., their heirs and assigns for ever, to their sole and only proper use, benefit and. behoof, of them the said Teunis Dekay, &c., and their heirs and assigns forever to be holden in free and common soccage according to the tenure of East Greenwich in the County of Kent in his majesties kingdom of England, yielding, rendering, and paying therefor, every year, for the use of our Sovereign Lord the King's majesty, his heirs or successors in such affair or affairs, as by him or them shall be appointed to receive the same, ten bushels of good winter merchantable wheat, yearly, on the five and twentieth day of March, at the city of New York.

land up to the said river, to another creek, and so runs up said creek ill several courses to a certain tree marked with T R, and from the said marked trees southerly by marked trees all along to a marsh, to another tree marked with T R, west of the aforesaid creek which lyes by said Stephanus Van Cortland's land, including all the meadows both fresh and salt within said bounds containing in all 1800 acres, or thereabouts, together with all, and all manner of rivers, rivulets, runs, streams, waters, feedings, pastures, woods, underwoods, trees, swamps, moors, marshes, meadows, easments, profits and commodities, fishing, fowling, hunting and hawking, and all other appurtenances whatsoever, to the said tract or parcel of land within the bounds and limits, aforesaid belonging, or in any wise appertaining to have and to hold, the said tract or parcel of land, and all and singular other the premises unto the said Teunis Dekay, &c., their heirs and assigns for ever, to their sole and only proper use, benefit and. behoof, of them the said Teunis Dekay, &c., and their heirs and assigns forever to be holden in free and common soccage according to the tenure of East Greenwich in the County of Kent in his majesties kingdom of England, yielding, rendering, and paying therefor, every year, for the use of our Sovereign Lord the King's majesty, his heirs or successors in such affair or affairs, as by him or them shall be appointed to receive the same, ten bushels of good winter merchantable wheat, yearly, on the five and twentieth day of March, at the city of New York. And for the better preserving the title of the above recited parcel of land and premises, I have caused these presents to be entered in the secretary's Oilice, of this province.

And for the better preserving the title of the above recited parcel of land and premises, I have caused these presents to be entered in the secretary's Oilice, of this province. Given under my hand and sealed with the seal of the province at Fort James in New York, the 23d day of December, A. D. lG85.a

Thomas Dongan.

The above patent, commonly called " Ryck's Patent," passed by purchase to Hercules Lent, as appears by certain releases, the first bearing date 2Uth of April^ 1715, wherein Jacob Abramsen, of ye upper Yonckers, one of the original patentees, for the consideration of £150, confirms Hercules Lent, yeoman, in all his right, title and interest in ye patent called Ryck Abramsen's Patent. ^

On the 29th of December, 1729, Sybout Harchie Krankhyte, Hercules Johnse Krankhyte, and Jacobus Krankhyte, release to Hercules Lent " a certain tract of land on the east side of Hudson's river, at a certain place called by the Indians Sachus, and is bounded on the north, east, and south, by the manor of Cort-

• Alb. Book of Pat. Lib. A. fol. 114 to 117, Co. Rec Lib. L p. 145. b Co. Rec, Lib. E., 157.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 43

landt, and on the west by Hudson's river aforesaid, containing 1800 acres, reference being had to a certain patent granted by Thos. Dongan, &c. (fcc."'^ The following receipts are for quit rent, due on the Ryck Patent.

Received of Mr. Philip Yan Cortlandt three hundred and eighty bushels of wheat for thirty eight years quit rent, due to his majesty from the within patent, and in full for the said time. Witness my hand this 2Sth of December, 1726.

landt, and on the west by Hudson's river aforesaid, containing 1800 acres, reference being had to a certain patent granted by Thos. Dongan, &c. (fcc."'^ The following receipts are for quit rent, due on the Ryck Patent.

Received of Mr. Philip Yan Cortlandt three hundred and eighty bushels of wheat for thirty eight years quit rent, due to his majesty from the within patent, and in full for the said time. Witness my hand this 2Sth of December, 1726.

Archibald Kennedy, Rec. Gen.

Received of Hercules Lent twenty bushels of wheat for two years quarter upon the within tracts in full to the 25th of March last. Witness my hand this 2d of May, 1729.

Archibald Kennedy, Rec. Gen.

In A.D. 1766, Hercules Lent, of Ryck's Patent, bequeathed his lands by will to his children in the following order :

'^ Item. I give and devise to my son Jacob all that farm he now lives on, containing 350 acres, lying and being, &c. on the southeast part of a tract of land formerly granted to my father, Ryck Abramsen Lent and others, which is commonly known by the name of Ryck's Patent, and by the Indian name of Sackhoes, to have and to hold, (fee. To my son Hendrick all that farm I now live on, containing 350 acres, in the southwest part of Ryck's Patent.

To my son Abraham all that land he lives on, containing 350 acres, adjoining to Hudson's river, and on the south side of the aforesaid devised to my son Hendrick.

I give and devise to my son Jacob all that farm he now lives on, containing 350 acres, lying and being, &c. on the southeast part of a tract of land formerly granted to my father, Ryck Abramsen Lent and others, which is commonly known by the name of Ryck's Patent, and by the Indian name of Sackhoes, to have and to hold, (fee. To my son Hendrick all that farm I now live on, containing 350 acres, in the southwest part of Ryck's Patent.

To my son Abraham all that land he lives on, containing 350 acres, adjoining to Hudson's river, and on the south side of the aforesaid devised to my son Hendrick.

To my grandchildren, Abram Lamb, Jane Lamb, Ira Lamb, Rachel Lamb, and Rachel, wife of James Lamb, (the father and mother of the above children,) all that part of my lands and meadow situate, lying and being in Orange county, by Hudson's river, known by the name of Stony Point. To my daughter Catherine, wife of Hendrick de Ronde, lands by Stony Point."b

The descendants of the testator are still numerous in Cortlandttown. Hercules Lent, a great grandson of the patentee, holds a portion of the patrimonial estate, and occupies the family home,

a The original document is in the possession of Mr. Nathl. Bedle, of PeekskilL b Surrogate's Office, N. Y., No. 25, 337.

44 HISTORY OF THE

stead. On the west bank of the Annsville creek was situated the property of John Krankhyte, consisting of 300 acres.

The descendants of the testator are still numerous in Cortlandttown. Hercules Lent, a great grandson of the patentee, holds a portion of the patrimonial estate, and occupies the family home,

a The original document is in the possession of Mr. Nathl. Bedle, of PeekskilL b Surrogate's Office, N. Y., No. 25, 337.

44 HISTORY OF THE

stead. On the west bank of the Annsville creek was situated the property of John Krankhyte, consisting of 300 acres.

The lands of Kitchawan, in tliis town, were conveyed by the native Indians in 16S6 to Thomas Dongan, Captain General, and Governor-in-chief, and Yice Admiral in, and over, the province of New York and territories depending thereon in America, under, his majesty James IL, by the grace of God, of England, Scotland, France, and Ireland, King, defender of the faith, &c.

" To all whom these presents shall come, sendeth greeting : Whereas, Emigent, Askewans, Penarand, and Tagehkint, natives and principal owners of the tract of land commonly called or known by the Indian name of Kechtawong, did in and by their certain deed or writing, under their hands and seales, bearing date the day of August now last past, for the consideration therein mentioned, grant, bargain, sell, alien, enfeoffe and confirm unto me the said Thomas Dongan, my heires and assigns, all that tract or parcel of land situate, lying and being on the east side of Hudson's river, within the county of West Chester, beginning at Kechtawong Creek, and so running along Hudson's river northerly to the land of Stephannus Van Cortlandt, from ihence to the eastwardmost end of the said Yan Cortlandt's land, and from thence to a great fresh water pond called Keakates, and from the said pond along the creek that runs out of the said pond into Kitchtawan creek, and so downward on the south side of the said creek to Hudson's river, including all the land, soil and meadow within the bounds and limits aforesaid, together with, &c.

" To all whom these presents shall come, sendeth greeting : Whereas, Emigent, Askewans, Penarand, and Tagehkint, natives and principal owners of the tract of land commonly called or known by the Indian name of Kechtawong, did in and by their certain deed or writing, under their hands and seales, bearing date the day of August now last past, for the consideration therein mentioned, grant, bargain, sell, alien, enfeoffe and confirm unto me the said Thomas Dongan, my heires and assigns, all that tract or parcel of land situate, lying and being on the east side of Hudson's river, within the county of West Chester, beginning at Kechtawong Creek, and so running along Hudson's river northerly to the land of Stephannus Van Cortlandt, from ihence to the eastwardmost end of the said Yan Cortlandt's land, and from thence to a great fresh water pond called Keakates, and from the said pond along the creek that runs out of the said pond into Kitchtawan creek, and so downward on the south side of the said creek to Hudson's river, including all the land, soil and meadow within the bounds and limits aforesaid, together with, &c. And whereas I, the said Thomas Dongan, in and by a certain deed under my hand and seal, bearing date 12th day of October, did grant and sell over unto John Knights, of the city of New York, all my right and title in the same, &c.

I do, by these presents, ratify and confirm the same to John Knights, this 20th day of March, 1686."

And whereas I, the said Thomas Dongan, in and by a certain deed under my hand and seal, bearing date 12th day of October, did grant and sell over unto John Knights, of the city of New York, all my right and title in the same, &c.

I do, by these presents, ratify and confirm the same to John Knights, this 20th day of March, 1686."

Upon the 20th of April, 1687, we find a conveyance from John Knight, gent., to his Excellency, Governor Dongan, of the same territory, called Kitchtawong.a

It will be seen hereafter that the royal patent of the manor of Cortlandt recites "sundry grants" made by Governor Dongan to the patentee. One of which was doubtless the above conveyance. Col. Slephanus Yan Cortlandt subsequently received a confirmation for the same, from the Indians, bearing date August the 8th, 1099.

»Co. Rec, Lib. A., 121.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 45

" We, Sachima Wicker, sachem of Kightavvonck, Koraghfall, Avvoghran, Moninghme, a squaw, Marackenegh, a squaw, Poking, a boy, Wighquekameeck, quean, a boy, Massarcett, Ilowogharint, Johnny Taparinock, Oghgniawe, Crraragquock, Pagkerngkinck, Ravisson, IMighegaroe Tapugh, a squaw, Tappawahigh, a squaw, Aratissanck Maentigroo kaas, his Kapoaghpurmin Sawappawall, all right, just, natural owners and proprietors of all the land hereinafter mentioned, lying and being within the bounds and limits of the marriners of Cortlandt, &c. &c., have sold, for a certain sum of money, all that tract and parcel of land situate, lying and being in the manner of Cortlandt, in West Chester county, beginning on the south side of Kightawonck Creek, and so along the said creek to a place called Kewighecock, and from thence along a creek called Peppeneghek to the head thereof, and then due east to the limits of Connecticut, being the easternmost bounds of said manner, and from thence northerly along the limits of Connecticut aforesaid to the river Mattegtecos ten miles, and from thence due west to Hudson's river, together with all the lands, soils, &c. &c.

" We, Sachima Wicker, sachem of Kightavvonck, Koraghfall, Avvoghran, Moninghme, a squaw, Marackenegh, a squaw, Poking, a boy, Wighquekameeck, quean, a boy, Massarcett, Ilowogharint, Johnny Taparinock, Oghgniawe, Crraragquock, Pagkerngkinck, Ravisson, IMighegaroe Tapugh, a squaw, Tappawahigh, a squaw, Aratissanck Maentigroo kaas, his Kapoaghpurmin Sawappawall, all right, just, natural owners and proprietors of all the land hereinafter mentioned, lying and being within the bounds and limits of the marriners of Cortlandt, &c. &c., have sold, for a certain sum of money, all that tract and parcel of land situate, lying and being in the manner of Cortlandt, in West Chester county, beginning on the south side of Kightawonck Creek, and so along the said creek to a place called Kewighecock, and from thence along a creek called Peppeneghek to the head thereof, and then due east to the limits of Connecticut, being the easternmost bounds of said manner, and from thence northerly along the limits of Connecticut aforesaid to the river Mattegtecos ten miles, and from thence due west to Hudson's river, together with all the lands, soils, &c. &c.

Her mark I Tapahuck, a squaw, Sackima wee, The mark of 0 Sawappen, a squaw,

sachem of Kichtawank, N " R Arahsant,

his mark. " X Maantick,

Corachpa, r^ . - - "A Kakiskagin, a squaw,

Wechrequa, '^ " Q Ackparum, a squaw,

Monrechro, ^ " V Ockququqrie,

a squaw, " fi Oranack Rank

Manackawagh, a squaw, kh " iy} Paghkinekink,

Pooghkink, a lad 15 years of age, g " ><J Rawefen, signer of the rights of his father, " C Michhacharo,

Her mark I Tapahuck, a squaw, Sackima wee, The mark of 0 Sawappen, a squaw,

sachem of Kichtawank, N " R Arahsant,

his mark. " X Maantick,

Corachpa, r^ . - - "A Kakiskagin, a squaw,

Wechrequa, '^ " Q Ackparum, a squaw,

Monrechro, ^ " V Ockququqrie,

a squaw, " fi Oranack Rank

Manackawagh, a squaw, kh " iy} Paghkinekink,

Pooghkink, a lad 15 years of age, g " ><J Rawefen, signer of the rights of his father, " C Michhacharo,

" 0 Papruch, a squaw,

" 1-5 Wighquach kanno,

" N Q^^ez, a youth 13 years old,

" -- Masacott,

" "^ Koocparen,

" ^ Jonyeo,

" P Taparmuck. Signed, sealed and delivered in the presence of John Nanfan, A. Depeyster, James Graham, A. Livingston. "*

The Hon. Stephanus Yan Cortlandt being now vested in the fee simple, the whole territory was by royal charter erected into the lordship and manor of Cortlandt, which, according to actual survey, contained eighty three thousand acres. It is said that the

» Book of Indian Deeds, Alb. warrant for survey, Lib. i., 88.

46 HISTORY OF THE

governor's fees on this occasion amounted to three hundred pieces of eight.

Over the extensive forests of Cortlandt (celebrated for their fat venison,) the lord of the manor was constituted, '-the sole and only ranger, to have and enjoy all the benefits and perquisites, (fcc. that of right doth belong nnto a ranger according to the statutes and customs of the realm of England."

» Book of Indian Deeds, Alb. warrant for survey, Lib. i., 88.

46 HISTORY OF THE

governor's fees on this occasion amounted to three hundred pieces of eight.

Over the extensive forests of Cortlandt (celebrated for their fat venison,) the lord of the manor was constituted, '-the sole and only ranger, to have and enjoy all the benefits and perquisites, (fcc. that of right doth belong nnto a ranger according to the statutes and customs of the realm of England."

The lords of Cortlandt also enjoyed the extraordinary privilege of sending a representative to the provincial assembly.

The whole manor was held by the feudal tenure of paying therefor yearly to the Crown, upon the feast day of the Annunciation of the blessed Virgin Mary, the rent of forty shillings.

THE ROYAL CHARTER.

Gulielmus Tertius Dei Gratia, Angliae, Scotiae, France et Hiberniae, Rex, fidei defensor, &c. &c.

" To all to whom these presents shall come, sendeth greeting : Whereas, our loving subject, Colonel Stephanus Van Cortlandt, one of the members of our Council of our Province of New York, &c., hath by his petition presented unto our trusty and well beloved Colonel Benjamin Fletcher, Captain General and Governor-in-chief of our said Province of New York and territories depending thereon in America, &c., prayed our grant and confirmation of a certain parcel and tract of land situate, lying and being upon the east side of Hudson's river, beginning on the north line of the manor of Phillipsburg, now in the tenure and occupation of Frederick Phillips, Esq., one of the members of our said Council, and to the south side of a certain creek called Kightawanck Creek, and from thence, by a due east line, running into the woods twenty English miles, and from the said north line of the manor of Phillipsburgh upon the south side of the said Kightawanck Creek, running along the said Hudson river northerly as the said river runs into the north side of a high hill, which high lands, commonly called and knov^'n by the name of Anthony's nose, to a red cedar tree, which makes the southernmost bounds of the land now in the tenure and occupation of Mr.

" To all to whom these presents shall come, sendeth greeting : Whereas, our loving subject, Colonel Stephanus Van Cortlandt, one of the members of our Council of our Province of New York, &c., hath by his petition presented unto our trusty and well beloved Colonel Benjamin Fletcher, Captain General and Governor-in-chief of our said Province of New York and territories depending thereon in America, &c., prayed our grant and confirmation of a certain parcel and tract of land situate, lying and being upon the east side of Hudson's river, beginning on the north line of the manor of Phillipsburg, now in the tenure and occupation of Frederick Phillips, Esq., one of the members of our said Council, and to the south side of a certain creek called Kightawanck Creek, and from thence, by a due east line, running into the woods twenty English miles, and from the said north line of the manor of Phillipsburgh upon the south side of the said Kightawanck Creek, running along the said Hudson river northerly as the said river runs into the north side of a high hill, which high lands, commonly called and knov^'n by the name of Anthony's nose, to a red cedar tree, which makes the southernmost bounds of the land now in the tenure and occupation of Mr. Adolph Phillips, including, in the said northerly line, all the meadows, marshes, coves, bays and necks of land and peninsulas that are adjoining or extending into Hudson's river within the bounds of the said line, and from the said red cedar tree another due easterly Ime running into the woods twenty English miles, and from thence along the partition line between our r',olony of Connecticut and this our Province, until you come into the place where the first easterly line of twenty miles doth come -- the whole being bounded on the east by the said partition line between our said Colony of Connecticut and this our Province, and on the south by the north-

Adolph Phillips, including, in the said northerly line, all the meadows, marshes, coves, bays and necks of land and peninsulas that are adjoining or extending into Hudson's river within the bounds of the said line, and from the said red cedar tree another due easterly Ime running into the woods twenty English miles, and from thence along the partition line between our r',olony of Connecticut and this our Province, until you come into the place where the first easterly line of twenty miles doth come -- the whole being bounded on the east by the said partition line between our said Colony of Connecticut and this our Province, and on the south by the north-

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 4.7

erly line of the manor of Phillipsburg to the southward of Kightawanck Creek aforesaid, and on the west by the said Hudson's river, and on the north from the aforesaid red cedar tree by the south line of the land of Adolph Phillips, and also of a certain parcel of meadow lying and being situate upon the west side of the said Hudson's river, within the said high lands over against the aforesaid hill called Anthony's nose, befjinning on the south side of a ereek called by the Indians Sinkapogh, and so along said creek to the head thereof, and then northerly along the high hills, as the rijrer runneth, to another creek called Apinnapink, and from thence along the said creek to the said Hudson's river, "which certain tract of land and meadow our said loving subject is now actually seized and possessed thereof, and doth hold the same of us by virtue of sundry grants heretofore made unto him by Col. Thomas Dongan, late Governor of our said Province, and whereon our said loving subject hath made considerable improvement, having been at great cost, charge and expense in the purchasing the said tract of land and meadows from the native Indians, as well as in the settling a considerable i;umber of families thereon, and being willing to make some further improvem.ent thereon, doth by his said petition further request and pray that we would be graciously pleased to erect the aforesaid tract of land and meadows within the limits and bounds aforesaid into a lordship or manor of Cortlandt, which reasonable request for the future encouracrement of our said loving subject, we being willing to grant : Knoio ye^ that of our special grace, certain knowledge and mere motion, we have given, granted, ratified and confirmed, and by these presents do for us, our heirs and successors, give, grant, ratify and confirm unto our said loving subject, Stephannus Van Cortlandt, all the aforesaid certain parcel and tracts of land and meadow within their several and respective limits and bounds aforesaid, together with all and every of the messuages, tenements, buildings, barns, houses, outhouses, stables, edifices, orchards, gardens, inclosures, fences, pastures, fields, feedings, woods, underwoods, trees, timber, swamps, meadows, marshes, pools, ponds, lakes, fountains, waters, water courses, rivers, rivulets, runs, streams, brooks, creeks, harbors, coves, inlets, outlets, islands of meadow, necks of land and meadow, peninsulas of land and meadow, ferries, fishing, fowling, hunting and hawking, and the fishing in Hudson's river, so far as the bounds of the said land extends upon the same, quarries, minerals, (silver and gold mines only excepted,) and all other the rights, members, liberties, privileges, jurisdictions, pre-eminences, emoluments, to the afore recited certain parcels or tracts of land and meadows within their several and respective limits and bounds aforesaid, belonging or in any ways appertaining or accepted, reputed taken, known or occupied as part, parcel or member thereof, to have and to hold all the afore recited certain parcels and tracts of land and meadows within their several and respective limits and bounds aforesaid, together with aU and every of the messuages, tenements, buildings, barns, houses, out-houses, stables, edifices, orchards, gardens, enclosures, fences, pastures, fields, feedino-s, woodS; underwoods, trees, timber, swamps, meadows, marshes, pools, ponds^

Thomas Dongan, late Governor of our said Province, and whereon our said loving subject hath made considerable improvement, having been at great cost, charge and expense in the purchasing the said tract of land and meadows from the native Indians, as well as in the settling a considerable i;umber of families thereon, and being willing to make some further improvem.ent thereon, doth by his said petition further request and pray that we would be graciously pleased to erect the aforesaid tract of land and meadows within the limits and bounds aforesaid into a lordship or manor of Cortlandt, which reasonable request for the future encouracrement of our said loving subject, we being willing to grant : Knoio ye^ that of our special grace, certain knowledge and mere motion, we have given, granted, ratified and confirmed, and by these presents do for us, our heirs and successors, give, grant, ratify and confirm unto our said loving subject, Stephannus Van Cortlandt, all the aforesaid certain parcel and tracts of land and meadow within their several and respective limits and bounds aforesaid, together with all and every of the messuages, tenements, buildings, barns, houses, outhouses, stables, edifices, orchards, gardens, inclosures, fences, pastures, fields, feedings, woods, underwoods, trees, timber, swamps, meadows, marshes, pools, ponds, lakes, fountains, waters, water courses, rivers, rivulets, runs, streams, brooks, creeks, harbors, coves, inlets, outlets, islands of meadow, necks of land and meadow, peninsulas of land and meadow, ferries, fishing, fowling, hunting and hawking, and the fishing in Hudson's river, so far as the bounds of the said land extends upon the same, quarries, minerals, (silver and gold mines only excepted,) and all other the rights, members, liberties, privileges, jurisdictions, pre-eminences, emoluments, to the afore recited certain parcels or tracts of land and meadows within their several and respective limits and bounds aforesaid, belonging or in any ways appertaining or accepted, reputed taken, known or occupied as part, parcel or member thereof, to have and to hold all the afore recited certain parcels and tracts of land and meadows within their several and respective limits and bounds aforesaid, together with aU and every of the messuages, tenements, buildings, barns, houses, out-houses, stables, edifices, orchards, gardens, enclosures, fences, pastures, fields, feedino-s, woodS; underwoods, trees, timber, swamps, meadows, marshes, pools, ponds^

t-K.

48 HISTORY OF THE

• lakes, fountains, waters, water- courses, rivers, rivulets, runs, streams, broolcs,

creeks, harbors, coves, inlets, outlets, island of land and naeadow, necks of land and meadow, peninsulas of land and meadow, ferries, fishing, fowling, huntin? and hawking, and the fishing on Hudson's river so far as the bounds of the said land extends upon the said river, quarries, mines, minerals, (silver and gold onl}'^ excepted,) and all other the rights, members, liberties, privileges, jurisdictions, pre-eminences, emolumenis, royalties, profits, benefits, advantages, hereditaments and appurtenances whatsoever to the afore recited certain parcels or tracts of land and meadow within their several and respective limits and bounds aforesaid, belonging or in any ways appertaining or accepted, reputed, taken, known or occupied as part, parcel or member thereof unto the said Stephanus Van Cortlandt, his heirs and assignees, to the sole and only proper use, benefit and behoof of him the said Stephanus Van Cortlandt, his heirs and assigns forever ; and, moreover, knoio ye, that of our further special grace, certain knowledge, and mere motion, we have thought fit, according to the request of our said loving subject, to erect all the afore recited certain parcels and tracts of land and meadows within the limits and bounds aforesaid into a lordship and manor, and therefore by these presents we do for us, our heirs and our successors, erect, make and constitute all the afore recited certain parcel and tracts of land and meadows with the limits and bounds aforesaid, together with all and every the above granted premises, with all and every of their appurtenances, into one lordship and manor to all intents and purposes ; and it is our royal will and pleasure that the said lordship and manor shall, from henceforth, be called the lordship and manor of Cortlandt ; and further, know ye, that we, reposing especial trust and confidence in the loyalty, wisdom, justice, prudence and circumspection of our said loving subject, do for us, our lieirs and successors, give and grant unto our said loving subject, Stephanus Van Cortlandt, and to the heirs and assignees of him the said Stephanus Van Cortlandt, full power and authority at all times forever hereafter in the said lordsliip and manor, one court leet and one court baron, to hold and keep at such time and limes, and so often yearly as he or they shall see meet ; and all fines, issues and amercements at the said court leet and court baron, to be holden within the said lordship and manor, to be settled, forfeited or employed, or payable, or happening at any time to be payable by any of the inhabitants of or within the said lordship and manor of Cortlandt, or the limits and bounds thereof, and also all and every of the powers and authorities hereinbefore mentioned, for the holding and keeping the said court leet and court baron from time to time, and to award and issue out the accustomary writs, to be issued and awarded out of the said court leet and court baron, to be kept by the heirs and assigns of the said Stephanus Van Cortlandt forever, or their or any of their stewards, deputed and appointed with a full and ample power and autliority to distrain for the rents, services and other sums of money, payable by virtue of the premises and all other lawful remedies and means for the having, possessing, receiving, levying and enjoying the premises and every

creeks, harbors, coves, inlets, outlets, island of land and naeadow, necks of land and meadow, peninsulas of land and meadow, ferries, fishing, fowling, huntin? and hawking, and the fishing on Hudson's river so far as the bounds of the said land extends upon the said river, quarries, mines, minerals, (silver and gold onl}'^ excepted,) and all other the rights, members, liberties, privileges, jurisdictions, pre-eminences, emolumenis, royalties, profits, benefits, advantages, hereditaments and appurtenances whatsoever to the afore recited certain parcels or tracts of land and meadow within their several and respective limits and bounds aforesaid, belonging or in any ways appertaining or accepted, reputed, taken, known or occupied as part, parcel or member thereof unto the said Stephanus Van Cortlandt, his heirs and assignees, to the sole and only proper use, benefit and behoof of him the said Stephanus Van Cortlandt, his heirs and assigns forever ; and, moreover, knoio ye, that of our further special grace, certain knowledge, and mere motion, we have thought fit, according to the request of our said loving subject, to erect all the afore recited certain parcels and tracts of land and meadows within the limits and bounds aforesaid into a lordship and manor, and therefore by these presents we do for us, our heirs and our successors, erect, make and constitute all the afore recited certain parcel and tracts of land and meadows with the limits and bounds aforesaid, together with all and every the above granted premises, with all and every of their appurtenances, into one lordship and manor to all intents and purposes ; and it is our royal will and pleasure that the said lordship and manor shall, from henceforth, be called the lordship and manor of Cortlandt ; and further, know ye, that we, reposing especial trust and confidence in the loyalty, wisdom, justice, prudence and circumspection of our said loving subject, do for us, our lieirs and successors, give and grant unto our said loving subject, Stephanus Van Cortlandt, and to the heirs and assignees of him the said Stephanus Van Cortlandt, full power and authority at all times forever hereafter in the said lordsliip and manor, one court leet and one court baron, to hold and keep at such time and limes, and so often yearly as he or they shall see meet ; and all fines, issues and amercements at the said court leet and court baron, to be holden within the said lordship and manor, to be settled, forfeited or employed, or payable, or happening at any time to be payable by any of the inhabitants of or within the said lordship and manor of Cortlandt, or the limits and bounds thereof, and also all and every of the powers and authorities hereinbefore mentioned, for the holding and keeping the said court leet and court baron from time to time, and to award and issue out the accustomary writs, to be issued and awarded out of the said court leet and court baron, to be kept by the heirs and assigns of the said Stephanus Van Cortlandt forever, or their or any of their stewards, deputed and appointed with a full and ample power and autliority to distrain for the rents, services and other sums of money, payable by virtue of the premises and all other lawful remedies and means for the having, possessing, receiving, levying and enjoying the premises and every

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 49

part and parcel of the same, and all waifs, estrays, wrecks, deodands, goods of felons, happening, and being forfeited, within the said lordship and manor of Corilandt, together, with all and every sum and sums of money, to be paid as a post fine, upon any fine, or fines, to be levied of- any land, tenements, or hereditaments within the said lordship and manor of Cortlandt, together with the advowson, and right of patronage, and all, and every, the church and churches erected or established, or hereafter to be erected, or established in the said manor of Cortlandt ; and we do by these presents constitute, and appoint, our said loving subject Stephanus Van Cortlandt, and his heirs and assigns, to be our sole and only ranger of the said lordship and manor of Cortlandt, and to have, hold, and enjoy, all the benefits, perquisites, fees, rights, privileges, profits and appurtenances, that of right doth belong unto a ranger according to the statute, and customs of our realm of England, in as full and ample manner, as if the same were particularly expressed, in these presents, anything to the contrary hereof in any ways notwithstanding ; and we likewise do further give, and grant, unto the said Stephanus Van Cortlandt, and to his heirs and assigns, that all and ever}' the tenants of him the said Stephanus V^an Cortlandt, within the said lordship and manor of Cortlandt, shall and may at all times hereafter, meet together, and choose assessors within the manor aforesaid, according to such rules, ways, and methods, as are prescribed for cities, towns and counties within our said province by the acts of General Assembly, for the defraying the public charge of each respective city, town, and county aforesaid, and all such sum or sums of money so assessed and levied to collect, and pay, and dispose of for such uses as the acts of General Assembly shall establish and appoint ; and further, of our said special grace, certain knowledge and mere motion, we do, by these presents, for us, our heirs and successors, give and grant unto our said loving subject, Stephanus Van Cortlandt, and to his heirs and assignees forever, that the said Stephanus Van Cortlandt, his heirs and assignees, shall and may, from time to time, from and after the expiration of twenty years next ensuing the date of these presents, return and send a discreel inhabitant in and of the said manor, to be a representative of the said manor in every Assembly after the expiration of the twenty years, to be summoned and holden within this our said Province, which representative so returned and sent shall be received into the House of Representatives of Assembly as a member of the said house, to have and enjoy such privileges as the other representatives returned and sent from the other counties and manors of this our said Province, have had and enjoyed in any former Assemblies holden within this our said Province, to have and to hold, possess and enjoy all and singular the said lordship and manor of Cortlandt and premises, with all their and every of their royalties and appurtenances unto the said Stephanus Van Cortlandt, his heirs and assignees, to the sole and only proper use, benefit and behoof of him the said Stephanus Van Cortlandt, his heirs and assignees forever, to be holden of us, our heirs and successors in free and common soccage, as of our manor of East Greenwich, Vol.

part and parcel of the same, and all waifs, estrays, wrecks, deodands, goods of felons, happening, and being forfeited, within the said lordship and manor of Corilandt, together, with all and every sum and sums of money, to be paid as a post fine, upon any fine, or fines, to be levied of- any land, tenements, or hereditaments within the said lordship and manor of Cortlandt, together with the advowson, and right of patronage, and all, and every, the church and churches erected or established, or hereafter to be erected, or established in the said manor of Cortlandt ; and we do by these presents constitute, and appoint, our said loving subject Stephanus Van Cortlandt, and his heirs and assigns, to be our sole and only ranger of the said lordship and manor of Cortlandt, and to have, hold, and enjoy, all the benefits, perquisites, fees, rights, privileges, profits and appurtenances, that of right doth belong unto a ranger according to the statute, and customs of our realm of England, in as full and ample manner, as if the same were particularly expressed, in these presents, anything to the contrary hereof in any ways notwithstanding ; and we likewise do further give, and grant, unto the said Stephanus Van Cortlandt, and to his heirs and assigns, that all and ever}' the tenants of him the said Stephanus V^an Cortlandt, within the said lordship and manor of Cortlandt, shall and may at all times hereafter, meet together, and choose assessors within the manor aforesaid, according to such rules, ways, and methods, as are prescribed for cities, towns and counties within our said province by the acts of General Assembly, for the defraying the public charge of each respective city, town, and county aforesaid, and all such sum or sums of money so assessed and levied to collect, and pay, and dispose of for such uses as the acts of General Assembly shall establish and appoint ; and further, of our said special grace, certain knowledge and mere motion, we do, by these presents, for us, our heirs and successors, give and grant unto our said loving subject, Stephanus Van Cortlandt, and to his heirs and assignees forever, that the said Stephanus Van Cortlandt, his heirs and assignees, shall and may, from time to time, from and after the expiration of twenty years next ensuing the date of these presents, return and send a discreel inhabitant in and of the said manor, to be a representative of the said manor in every Assembly after the expiration of the twenty years, to be summoned and holden within this our said Province, which representative so returned and sent shall be received into the House of Representatives of Assembly as a member of the said house, to have and enjoy such privileges as the other representatives returned and sent from the other counties and manors of this our said Province, have had and enjoyed in any former Assemblies holden within this our said Province, to have and to hold, possess and enjoy all and singular the said lordship and manor of Cortlandt and premises, with all their and every of their royalties and appurtenances unto the said Stephanus Van Cortlandt, his heirs and assignees, to the sole and only proper use, benefit and behoof of him the said Stephanus Van Cortlandt, his heirs and assignees forever, to be holden of us, our heirs and successors in free and common soccage, as of our manor of East Greenwich, Vol.

I. 7

50 HISTORY OF THE

in our County of- Kent, within our realm of England, yielding, rendering and paying therefore yearly and every year forever unto us, our heirs and success sors, at our city of New York, on the feast day of the Annunciation of our blessed Virgin Mary, the yearly rent of forty shillings current money of our said Province, in lieu and stead of all other rents and services, dues, duties and demands whatsoever for the afore recited tracts and parcels of land and meadow, lordship and manor of Cortlandt and premises. In testimony whereof, we have caused the great seal of our said Province to be hereunto affixed : witness our said trusty and well-beloved Colonel Benjamin Fletcher, our said Captain-General and Governor-in-ehief of our Province of New York and the territories depending thereon in America, and Vice-Admiral of the same, our Lieutenant and Commander-in-chief of the militia and of all the forces by sea and land within our Colony of Connecticut, and of all the forts and places of strength within the same, in council at our fort in New York, the 17th day of June, in the ninth year of our reign, Anno Domini, 1697. Benjamin Fletcher, by his Excellency's command. David Jamison, Secretary. a

Tlie following receipt for manorial quit-rent is endorsed, on the Royal Patent :

Received in quality, as Receiver General of this Province, this 16th day of August, 1720, of Mrs. Gertrude van Cortlandt, executrix of Stephanus van Cortlandt, deceased, the sura of eight pounds proclamation money in full of quit-rents, for all the lands lying within the Manor of Cortlandt, to the 25th day of March last, pursuant to the within patent, as witness my hand.

Tlie following receipt for manorial quit-rent is endorsed, on the Royal Patent :

Received in quality, as Receiver General of this Province, this 16th day of August, 1720, of Mrs. Gertrude van Cortlandt, executrix of Stephanus van Cortlandt, deceased, the sura of eight pounds proclamation money in full of quit-rents, for all the lands lying within the Manor of Cortlandt, to the 25th day of March last, pursuant to the within patent, as witness my hand.

J. BYVERLY, Collector.

Stephanus van Cortlandt, first lord of the Manor of Cortlandt, was the son of the Hon. Olotf Stevensen van Cortlandt, immediately descended from one of the most noble families in Holland, their ancestors having emigrated thither, when deprived of the sovereignty of Courland.^

The orthography of the surname is properly Corte-landt; the first syllable Corte or Korte, meaning in the Dutch language short; ^ the second, landt, (land) literally the short land, a term expressing the peculiar form of the ancient Duchy of Courland in Russia.

Courland in Russia, (says Schiutzler,) formerly constituted a

a Book of Pat. Alb., No. VII., 165.

b Burke's Landed Gentry of England, vol. IV., 241.

• The use of the letter K in this word is modern, the C ancient.

!:

To face page 51, vol. i.

PJG1

Ducal Arms. -- Arg. a lion, rampant, gu. crowned or, for Courland, charged ih^ mantle lined ermine, surmounted with a crown. Family Arms. -- Arg. lh4'ml

Mthin a

Right Flon. Ptephanus, nat.=Gertrude Schuyler 7th Mav, I64i; Mayor of New York, 1677 ; first Lord of ihe Mnnor of Cortlnudt, purchased IbK?. patented 17lh Jun. Ifi97; 111). 17(in.

• The use of the letter K in this word is modern, the C ancient.

!:

To face page 51, vol. i.

PJG1

Ducal Arms. -- Arg. a lion, rampant, gu. crowned or, for Courland, charged ih^ mantle lined ermine, surmounted with a crown. Family Arms. -- Arg. lh4'ml

Mthin a

Right Flon. Ptephanus, nat.=Gertrude Schuyler 7th Mav, I64i; Mayor of New York, 1677 ; first Lord of ihe Mnnor of Cortlnudt, purchased IbK?. patented 17lh Jun. Ifi97; 111). 17(in.

Johannes, nat. Oct 18, 1648, Ob. 1667. ob. s. p.

ant

cbuy. ler.

Johannes or John van^=Anna Sophia

Cortl;indt, nat. i-lth Itct. 167:2; Li)rd of the Manor of Cortlandt.

van Schauk, mar. Id95

Oliver, nat. 26th Philip, nat. 9th=Catharine de Step Oct. 1678, ob. Aug. 1683, Ob. Peyster, m 11

s. p. 1708. 21st Aug. 1746 1710. 16

Genrude=rhilip Verplanck, of Verpla' ck's Point. Wesichciter Co.

Stephen van C. nat.: 26. h Oct. 1710, ancestor of the English branch, now represented by Mr. 'J'aylor, of Pen - nirigton, ob.Oct 17

Mary Walton, Ricketts, mar. 17:!8, da. of Wni. Ricketts, Westmoreland, Jamaica, and Wary Walton, ofN. Y.

Abraham, nat. 19 Oct. 1713, o!). s. p aet.

Philip, nat. 29 Feb. 1715, ob. s. p. aet.

Col. Philip, nat. Nov 10, 1739, ob. May 1st, l«14.

Will. Rick- Catharine,

etts, nat. nat Aug. 23,

March 13, 1745 ; ob. an

1742 infant

Brig. Gen Philip van C. nat. Aug. 21, 1749, O. S ob. Nov. 21, 1831, The last of the heirs of the entail.

Ricketts, Westmoreland, Jamaica, and Wary Walton, ofN. Y.

Abraham, nat. 19 Oct. 1713, o!). s. p aet.

Philip, nat. 29 Feb. 1715, ob. s. p. aet.

Col. Philip, nat. Nov 10, 1739, ob. May 1st, l«14.

Will. Rick- Catharine,

etts, nat. nat Aug. 23,

March 13, 1745 ; ob. an

1742 infant

Brig. Gen Philip van C. nat. Aug. 21, 1749, O. S ob. Nov. 21, 1831, The last of the heirs of the entail.

fohn uyler.

luyler.

Gilbert, nat. 6i April. 17.57, ( s. p. 12th Nop 17i6.

Col. Pierre van C. heir of his unc Philip, and first proprietor of the estate in fee simple.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

portion of Livonia, but was conquered by the Teutonic Knights in 1561. It subsequently became a fief of Poland. After the fall of that power it remained for a short time independent under its own Dukes, but in 1795 it was united to Russia. ^

In th<3 early part of the ITtli century, we find the Dukes of Courland engaged in the military service of the United Netherlands. The Ducal troops are said to have rendered great assistance in the reduction of the towns of Karverden and Minden.

The Dukes of Courland appear to have been represented in 1610 by the Right Hon. Steven van Cortlandt, then residing at Cortlandt, in South Holland, father of the above mentioned OlofF Stevensen van Cortlandt.

Like his illustrious ancestors, Oloff Ste- -:-■ vensen van Cortland chose the military profession. As early as 1639, we find him attached to the military service of the Dutch West India Company. He subsequently emigrated to this country, and was soon after his arrival at New Amsterdam, advanced to the civil department as commissary of cargoes, at a salary of 30 guilders.

Steven van Cortlandt, then residing at Cortlandt, in South Holland, father of the above mentioned OlofF Stevensen van Cortlandt.

Like his illustrious ancestors, Oloff Ste- -:-■ vensen van Cortland chose the military profession. As early as 1639, we find him attached to the military service of the Dutch West India Company. He subsequently emigrated to this country, and was soon after his arrival at New Amsterdam, advanced to the civil department as commissary of cargoes, at a salary of 30 guilders.

Of this individual, the historian of New Netherland remarks, " Oloff Stevensen, or Oloff Stevens van Cortlandt, as he subsequently signed his name, left the Company's service in 1648. On becoming a freeman he embarked in trade, built a brewery in New Amsterdam, and became wealthy. He was Colonel of the Burghery, or City train bands in 1619, in which year he was also appointed one of the nine men. He was one of the signers to the Remonstrance transmitted to Holland against the administration of Director Kieft, and the high-handed measures of Director Stuy-

Ducal Arms of Couriand.

• Schiutzler, La Russia, 585.

To face pagu 51, vol.

PEDIGREE OF VAN CORTLANDT OF CORTLANDT.

Ducal Arms.-- Arg. a lion, rampaut, gu. crowned or, for Courland, charged on the breast with an escutcheon, on which are placed the arms of the reigning Duke. Supporters.-- Two lions crowned, or, the whn(e within a mantle lined ermine, surmounted with a crown. Family Arms. -- Arg. the wings or arms of a wind-mill, saltierways sa. voided of the field, five estoiles gii. Crest. -- An estoile gu. between two wings elevated arg.

PEDIGREE OF VAN CORTLANDT OF CORTLANDT.

Ducal Arms.-- Arg. a lion, rampaut, gu. crowned or, for Courland, charged on the breast with an escutcheon, on which are placed the arms of the reigning Duke. Supporters.-- Two lions crowned, or, the whn(e within a mantle lined ermine, surmounted with a crown. Family Arms. -- Arg. the wings or arms of a wind-mill, saltierways sa. voided of the field, five estoiles gii. Crest. -- An estoile gu. between two wings elevated arg.

Motto. -- Virtus sibi munus.

Right Hon. St<

1 Cortlandl, ob. at Uortlandt, Somh Holland --

Uigbt Hon. Oloff StevenBen,or OloflfStevens van Kortlandt,=Annetje Loockermans, da. of Govert as he Bubsequentiy signed his name ; nat. at Cortlandt, j Loiicltermans and Ariantje his wife, in South Holland, ob. cir. 1083. mar. 1042, ob. 1009.

Right Hon. Ptephpnus, nne-- Ge

rtrude

h

yler

Johannes, nat. Oct

18,

Jacobus=;Eva Philipse

Jlary, nat. 30th July,-- Col. Jeremiah van

Sophia-- Andrew Teller

Catharine-- 1. Col. John d« Witt, Cornelia

7th Mav, 1641; Mayor of

1648, ob. 1667.

nat. 7 Ju-

1045. Rensselaer, Panat. 31

nat. 25lh or Jan der Vail. nat. 21sl

New York, lO;? j first

ob. a. p.

ly, 1658,

troon of Rensse-

May,

Oct. 1652 2. Frederick Philipse Nov.

Lord of the Mnnnr of

ancestor

laer Wyek.

1U3I.

Coillandt, purchased

of the

l(iri:i. iialenled l*lh Jun.

llin?; "h. 17110.

branch.

Johannes or John van Corthndt, rat. 24th net. 1672; Lord of the Manor of Cort-

=Anna Sophia

I van Schank,

mar. Ilj95

1045. Rensselaer, Panat. 31

nat. 25lh or Jan der Vail. nat. 21sl

New York, lO;? j first

ob. a. p.

ly, 1658,

troon of Rensse-

May,

Oct. 1652 2. Frederick Philipse Nov.

Lord of the Mnnnr of

ancestor

laer Wyek.

1U3I.

Coillandt, purchased

of the

l(iri:i. iialenled l*lh Jun.

llin?; "h. 17110.

branch.

Johannes or John van Corthndt, rat. 24th net. 1672; Lord of the Manor of Cort-

=Anna Sophia

I van Schank,

mar. Ilj95

)liver, nat. 26th Oct. 1078, ob. s. p. 1708.

Philip, nat. 9th=Calbarine de Stephen, nat Aug. lOaJ, ob. I Peyslet, ui 11th Aug. 21st Aug. 1746 1710. 1685-

Gjsbert, nat. 1689, ob. s. p.

=t. Samuel Bayard-

=2. Stephen or i'eter

Keaible.

' O = = O tfl

Wcsicheuer Co.

Stephi

26. h Oct. 1710, cestor of the English branch, now represented by Mr. Taylor, of Pennirigtou, ob.Oct 17

C. nat.=Mary Walton, Ricketts, mar. 17118, da of Wni. Kickctts, Westmoreland, Jumaica, and Wary Walton, of N. Y.

AbrahRm, fhilip. John, nat. Pierre, nat. 10th=Joa

Oct. 1713, olj. s. p Kt.

Feb. 1718, ob.

vernor of the State of New York.

Col. Philip, nat. Will. Rick- Catharine,

Nov 10, 1739, etts, nat. nat Aug. 2?

ob. May 1st, Marcb 13, 1745 ; ob. i

1814. 1742 infant

Brig Gen Philip van C. nat. Aug. 21,1749, O. S, ob. Nov. 21, 1831, The last of the heirs of the entail.

Gilbert, nat. 6ih Aiiril. 17.=i7,ob. s. p. I2th.NL.v. 17d6,

Stephen, nat. 13tU Feb. 1760, ob, 3. p. 29th Aug. 1775.

vernor of the State of New York.

Col. Philip, nat. Will. Rick- Catharine,

Nov 10, 1739, etts, nat. nat Aug. 2?

ob. May 1st, Marcb 13, 1745 ; ob. i

1814. 1742 infant

Brig Gen Philip van C. nat. Aug. 21,1749, O. S, ob. Nov. 21, 1831, The last of the heirs of the entail.

Gilbert, nat. 6ih Aiiril. 17.=i7,ob. s. p. I2th.NL.v. 17d6,

Stephen, nat. 13tU Feb. 1760, ob, 3. p. 29th Aug. 1775.

nat. 28th Aug. 1722, ob. lOlh Sept. 1808.

I I

Catharine, nat. Margaret=Hon. General 26lh June, Thomas Gage, the

172.7, killed father of Henry

1736, by the l,ord Gage

bursting of a

the King's birth day.

Cornelia-- Col. Jnhn nat. 3u- I Sctluyler. July, 1698. I

Gen. Philip Schuyler.

Major Gen. Pierre=l. Catharine nat. 29ih Aug. 1762, ofCortlandt town,

Catharine, nat.^Theodnsius Ciirnelia, nat.z=Gerard G.

4th July, 1751, P. van 2d Aug. 1753, Beekob. ■J9th Sept. Wyck ob. 11th man.

1829, ait. 78, 2 March, 1817,

nio3. 9 days. at. 91.

ine, nat.=P. S. van Gertrude, nat. L June, Rens' 2iith June,

66. selaer. 1755, ob. 9ih

Dec. i;6e.

Col. Pierre van C. heir of his uncle=Catha Philip, and first proprietor

the estate in fee simple.

Beck, da. of Theudric Romeyn Beet Esq.M. D. of Albany.

Theod'c Catharine Romeyn T, K.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

portion of Livonia, but was conquered by the Teutonic Knights in 1561. It subsequently became a fief of Poland. After the fall of that power it remained for a short time independent under its own Dukes, but in 1795 it was united to Russia,^

Pierre van C. heir of his uncle=Catha Philip, and first proprietor

the estate in fee simple.

Beck, da. of Theudric Romeyn Beet Esq.M. D. of Albany.

Theod'c Catharine Romeyn T, K.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

portion of Livonia, but was conquered by the Teutonic Knights in 1561. It subsequently became a fief of Poland. After the fall of that power it remained for a short time independent under its own Dukes, but in 1795 it was united to Russia,^

In th<3 early part of the 17th century, we find the Dukes of Courland engaged in the military service of the United Netherlands. The Ducal troops are said to have rendered great assistance in the reduction of the towns of Karverden and Minden,

The Dukes of Courland appear to have been represented in 1610 by the Right Hon. Steven van Cortlandt, then residing at Cortlandt, in South Holland, father of the above mentioned OlofF Stevensen van Cortlandt.

Like his illustrious ancestors, Oloff Stevensen van Cortland chose the military profession. As early as 1639, we find him attached to the military service of the Dutch West India Company. He subsequently emigrated to this country, and was soon after his arrival at New Amsterdam, advanced to the civil department as commissary of cargoes, at a salary of 30 guilders.

Of this individual, the historian of New Netherland remarks, " Oloff" Stevensen, or Oloff" Stevens van Corihindt, as he subsequently signed his name, left the Company's service in 1648. On becoming a freeman he embarked in trade, built a brewery in New Amsterdam, and became wealthy. He was Colonel of the Burghery, or City train bands in 1619, in which year he was also appointed one of the nine men. He was one of the signers to the Remonstrance transmitted to Holland against the administration of Director Kieft, and the high-handed measures of Director Sluy-

Of this individual, the historian of New Netherland remarks, " Oloff" Stevensen, or Oloff" Stevens van Corihindt, as he subsequently signed his name, left the Company's service in 1648. On becoming a freeman he embarked in trade, built a brewery in New Amsterdam, and became wealthy. He was Colonel of the Burghery, or City train bands in 1619, in which year he was also appointed one of the nine men. He was one of the signers to the Remonstrance transmitted to Holland against the administration of Director Kieft, and the high-handed measures of Director Sluy-

Ducal Arras of Couriand.

Schiutzler, La Russia, 585.

vesant. In 1654 he was elected Schepen of the city of New Amsterdam, and in 1655 appointed Burgomeester, which office he filled almost uninterruptedly to the close of the Dutch government. His place of residence was in Brouwer-straat, now Stone street. He had the character of being a worthy citizen, and a man most liberal in his charities." By his wife Ann Loockermans, " he had issue -- seven children -- Siephanus who married Gertrude Schuyler ; Maria who married Jeremias van Rensselaer, 12th July, 1662; Catharine, who married first, John Derval, and secondly, Frederick Philips ; Cornelia, who married Barent Schuyler; Jacob, who married Eva Philips; (ancestor of the Van Cortlandts of Yonkers;) Sophia, who married Andrew Teller, and John who died unmarried.

Oloff Stevens van Cortlandt died some time subsequent to 1683, leaving his son Stephanus, then a highly respectable merchant in New York."a-

In 1664, the name of Oloff Stevensen van Cortlandt, occurs as one of the six commissioners, appointed to meet the English Deputies at Governor Stuyvesant's house in the Bowery, to treat concerning the surrender of the colony. This individual subsequently signed the articles of capitulation. Among the wealthy

He had the character of being a worthy citizen, and a man most liberal in his charities." By his wife Ann Loockermans, " he had issue -- seven children -- Siephanus who married Gertrude Schuyler ; Maria who married Jeremias van Rensselaer, 12th July, 1662; Catharine, who married first, John Derval, and secondly, Frederick Philips ; Cornelia, who married Barent Schuyler; Jacob, who married Eva Philips; (ancestor of the Van Cortlandts of Yonkers;) Sophia, who married Andrew Teller, and John who died unmarried.

Oloff Stevens van Cortlandt died some time subsequent to 1683, leaving his son Stephanus, then a highly respectable merchant in New York."a-

In 1664, the name of Oloff Stevensen van Cortlandt, occurs as one of the six commissioners, appointed to meet the English Deputies at Governor Stuyvesant's house in the Bowery, to treat concerning the surrender of the colony. This individual subsequently signed the articles of capitulation. Among the wealthy

Autograph and Seals of Oloff Stevensen van Cortlandt.

O'Callaghan's Hist. N. N. 212.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 53

citizens of New Amsterdam in 1653, occurs the name of Oloff Stevens, who contributed the sum of 150 guilders, or 60 dollars, towards putting the city in a state of defence. a-

In a tax list for the city of New York, A. D., 1674. the estate of Oloff Stevensen van Cortlandt is assessed at 45,000 guilders ; his son's, Stephanus, at 5000 guilders.^

The Hon. Stephanus, (son of Oloff Stevensen van Cortlandt,) was born on the 7th of May, 1643. This distinguished personage, upon the death of his brother-in-law, Jeremias van Rensselaer, A. D., 1675, became one of the three administrators of his estate, during the minority of Killian'van Rensselaer, (then 12 years old.) Stephanus van Cortlandt had charge of the books, for which duty he received one hundred schepels of wheat. ^ Iq the year 1677 he was elected Mayor of the city of New York.

Stephanus, (son of Oloff Stevensen van Cortlandt,) was born on the 7th of May, 1643. This distinguished personage, upon the death of his brother-in-law, Jeremias van Rensselaer, A. D., 1675, became one of the three administrators of his estate, during the minority of Killian'van Rensselaer, (then 12 years old.) Stephanus van Cortlandt had charge of the books, for which duty he received one hundred schepels of wheat. ^ Iq the year 1677 he was elected Mayor of the city of New York. He was also a member of the Governor's Council, and a Colonel in the provincial militia.

Stephanus van Cortlandt died in the year 1700, leaving by his wife Gertrude Schuyler, eleven children, who intermarried with the DePeysters, DeLanceys, Beeckmans, Skinners, Bayards, Johnsons, and VanRensselaers.

On the 14th of April, in the twelth year of the reign of William the Third, King of England, «fcc., Stephanus van Cortlandt made and published his last will and testament as follows:

" Know all men by these presents, that I, Stephanus van Cortlandt, of the city of New York, merchant, being distempered in body, but of good, sound and firm memory, praised be Almighty God therefor, do make, ))ublish, and declare ; this my last will and testament, (this 14th day of April, in the yeai* of our Lord God and Saviour Jesus Christ, one thousand and seven hundred, in the twelfth year of the reign of our sovereign lord William the Third, King of England, Scotland and Ireland, defender of the faith, (fcc.,) in manner and form following, that is to say, I bequeath my soul into the hands of the Almighty God, my heavenly Father, from whom I received it, and by whom of his mere

" Know all men by these presents, that I, Stephanus van Cortlandt, of the city of New York, merchant, being distempered in body, but of good, sound and firm memory, praised be Almighty God therefor, do make, ))ublish, and declare ; this my last will and testament, (this 14th day of April, in the yeai* of our Lord God and Saviour Jesus Christ, one thousand and seven hundred, in the twelfth year of the reign of our sovereign lord William the Third, King of England, Scotland and Ireland, defender of the faith, (fcc.,) in manner and form following, that is to say, I bequeath my soul into the hands of the Almighty God, my heavenly Father, from whom I received it, and by whom of his mere

a MS. Vol. City Rec.

b Moulton's Sketch of New Orange.

c O'Callaghan's Hist. N. N. 212.

54 HISTORY OF THE

grace I trust to be saved and received into His eternal rest, through the merits of my dear Saviour and Redeemer Jesus Christ. My body, in hopes of a joyful resurrection, I commit to the earth, to be buried in such decent manner and form as my executrix hereafter named, shall think fit and convenient," (Sec.

Touchinor the distribution of what real estate it hath pleased God to endow me withal in this world, I devise to my eldest son Johannes van Gortlandt :

" All that neck and parcel of land on the east side of the Hudson River, at the entering of the highlands over against a certain place called Haverstraw, which is known to the Indians by the name of Meanagh, (Verplanck's Point,) separated from my other lands known to the Indians by the name of Appamaghpogh, by a certain creek called Meanagh, and bounded on the other side by the creek that runs between my land and the land of Richard Abramse and others, together with the rneadows that lie on said neck : to have and to hold said neck of land and premises, with their appurtenances, to the said Johannes, my son, his heirs and assigns forever.

" All that neck and parcel of land on the east side of the Hudson River, at the entering of the highlands over against a certain place called Haverstraw, which is known to the Indians by the name of Meanagh, (Verplanck's Point,) separated from my other lands known to the Indians by the name of Appamaghpogh, by a certain creek called Meanagh, and bounded on the other side by the creek that runs between my land and the land of Richard Abramse and others, together with the rneadows that lie on said neck : to have and to hold said neck of land and premises, with their appurtenances, to the said Johannes, my son, his heirs and assigns forever. Item : I do give, devise and bequeath all my other lands, honours, mills, tenements, pastures, meadows, and their appurtenances, and other real estate whatsoever and wheresoever it be, unto my eleven children, by name Johannes, Margaret, Ann, Oliver, Mary, Philip, Stephanus, Gertrude, Elizabeth, Catharine, Cornelia, and lo such other children as it shall please God to bless me with : to have and to hold unto them, their heirs and assigns, in equal proportions, according to their priority of birth, &c."=^

The above will was proved on the 2d day of June, A. D. 1700.

The will of Gertrude, his wife, bears date October, 1718. Upon the tfie 23d of December, A. D. 1706, Oliver van Gortlandt, one of the devisees of Stephanus, published his last will and testament, in which he devised all his right, title and interest, of and into his portion, to his ten surviving brothers and sisters, by wliich they became seized in fee of Cortlandt's Manor as tenants in common.

The above will was proved on the 2d day of June, A. D. 1700.

The will of Gertrude, his wife, bears date October, 1718. Upon the tfie 23d of December, A. D. 1706, Oliver van Gortlandt, one of the devisees of Stephanus, published his last will and testament, in which he devised all his right, title and interest, of and into his portion, to his ten surviving brothers and sisters, by wliich they became seized in fee of Cortlandt's Manor as tenants in common.

In the year 1730, (November 13th,) the aforesaid children and devisees drew up articles of agreement for the division of the Manor. Upon the 29th of May, 1733, a division was made of that part of the Manor situated north of the River Croton. It was not, however, until November the 4ih, 1734, that a final partition, and

» Surrogate's Office, N. Y. Lib. II. 78.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 55

division, of the Manor took place between the surviving children and grandchildren of Col. Stephanos van Cortlandt, when they gave to each other releases in due form of law, viz. :

Phih'p Verplanck and Gertrude, his wife.

Mary Melin.

Samuel Bayard and Margaret, his wife.

Andrew Johnson, and Catharine, ditto.

Stephen de Lancey, and Anne, ditto.

Philip Van Cortlandt.

John Schuyler, and Cornelia, his wife.^-

William Skinner, and Elizabeth, ditto.

The original partition deed is in the possession of Philip G. van Wyck, Esq. of Sing Sing. The share of each heir amounted nearly to 8000 acres.

Stephanos van Cortlandt, when they gave to each other releases in due form of law, viz. :

Phih'p Verplanck and Gertrude, his wife.

Mary Melin.

Samuel Bayard and Margaret, his wife.

Andrew Johnson, and Catharine, ditto.

Stephen de Lancey, and Anne, ditto.

Philip Van Cortlandt.

John Schuyler, and Cornelia, his wife.^-

William Skinner, and Elizabeth, ditto.

The original partition deed is in the possession of Philip G. van Wyck, Esq. of Sing Sing. The share of each heir amounted nearly to 8000 acres.

By this partition of the Manor, the following lots were laid out to the devisees in Cortlandt town, viz. :

River lot No. 1, to Philip van Cortlandt ; No. 2, Philip Verplanck, who married Gertrude, only daughter and sole heiress of Johannes van Cortlandt, one of the original devisees.

No. 3, William Skinner, who married Elizabeth van Cortlandt, This individual " was the first rector of St. Peter's Church, Perth Amboy ; his real name was MacGregor, and he was among those of that clan, proscribed after the rebellion of 1715; he had received a superior education, and was endued with a strong mind ; having received holy orders, he was appointed missionary to Amboy, in New .Jersey, 1721, and died rector, A. D. 1757."^

No. 4, Stephen van Cortlandt ; No. 5, Mr. Melin ; No. 6, Stephen de Lancey ; No. 7, Margaret Bayard, widow of Samuel Bayard ; No. 8, Mr. John Schuyler : this lot had been sold prior to partition. North lot No. 1, Andrew Johnson. We have previously shown that Verplanck's Point, (by the will of Stephanus van Cortlandt,) passed t© his son Johannes or John, whose daughter married Philip Verplanck.

Peter's Church, Perth Amboy ; his real name was MacGregor, and he was among those of that clan, proscribed after the rebellion of 1715; he had received a superior education, and was endued with a strong mind ; having received holy orders, he was appointed missionary to Amboy, in New .Jersey, 1721, and died rector, A. D. 1757."^

No. 4, Stephen van Cortlandt ; No. 5, Mr. Melin ; No. 6, Stephen de Lancey ; No. 7, Margaret Bayard, widow of Samuel Bayard ; No. 8, Mr. John Schuyler : this lot had been sold prior to partition. North lot No. 1, Andrew Johnson. We have previously shown that Verplanck's Point, (by the will of Stephanus van Cortlandt,) passed t© his son Johannes or John, whose daughter married Philip Verplanck.

In the year 1734, we find Philip Verplanck, of Cortlandt's Manor, and Gertrude, his wife, only daughter and heiress of Johan-

» The father and mother of Gen. Philip Schuyler. b Whitehead's East Jersey, under the Proprietors.

56 HISTORY OF THE

nes van Cortland t, tlie eldest son and heir of Colonel Stephanus, late of the city of New York, deceased, and John Lent, of the said manor, on the other part, bargaining, selling, devising, and leasing unto the said Joiui Lent --

" All that certain neck or tract of land and meadow, situate, ]3dng and being in the manor of Cortlandt, being bounded on the east by the land commonly called Appamaghpogh, and a certain creek, called Meanagh, on the north by the land now belonging to Hercules Lent, and on the south and west by Hudson's River, containing 1000 acres, the lessee yielding and paying therefor the yearly rent of one pepper-corn on the feast day of Saint Michael, the Archangel."*

" All that certain neck or tract of land and meadow, situate, ]3dng and being in the manor of Cortlandt, being bounded on the east by the land commonly called Appamaghpogh, and a certain creek, called Meanagh, on the north by the land now belonging to Hercules Lent, and on the south and west by Hudson's River, containing 1000 acres, the lessee yielding and paying therefor the yearly rent of one pepper-corn on the feast day of Saint Michael, the Archangel."*

Above Verplanck's Point extended the patent of Hercules Lent, bounded on tlie north by Magregaries' creek.

Lot No. 9 was the property of Andrew Johnson, Esq. ; No. 10, the portion of Gertrude Beeckman : this lady possessed the highlands north of the Peekskill creek.

The division of the Manor, east of the river lots in this town, consisted of lot No. 1, distinguished by the name of the south lot, the properly of Philip van Cortlandt, Esq. ; also, north lot ISo. 1, ihe property of Andrew Johnson, Esq. No. 1, south of the Croton, belonged to Philip van Cortlandt, from whom it passed to the Hon. Pierre van Cortlandt. The following advertisement, dated March the 18th, 1762, relates to the sale of the above lot. " Conditions of sale of south lot No. 1 : 978 acres of land situated in the south-west corner of Cortlandi's manor, and corner of north lot No. 6, belonging to the estate of Philip van Cortlandt, Esq., deceased, above mentioned, sometime posted in the New York Gazette, and now to be sold at public vendue, pursuant to an act of General Assembly, passed for that purpose and agreeable to a map hereunto annexed. Pierre Van Cortlandt, surviving executor of Philip, deceased, will give a title agreeable to the act of Assembly, &c.

" Conditions of sale of south lot No. 1 : 978 acres of land situated in the south-west corner of Cortlandi's manor, and corner of north lot No. 6, belonging to the estate of Philip van Cortlandt, Esq., deceased, above mentioned, sometime posted in the New York Gazette, and now to be sold at public vendue, pursuant to an act of General Assembly, passed for that purpose and agreeable to a map hereunto annexed. Pierre Van Cortlandt, surviving executor of Philip, deceased, will give a title agreeable to the act of Assembly, &c. The lands are to be sold to the highest bidder, and the purchase money to be immediately paid as soon as the deeds are given. Dated Manor of Cortlandt, at the ferry house, near the mouth of Croton River."b

»Co. Rec. lib. G. 681.

b From the original document in possession of Philip G. van Wyck, Esq.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 57

"Upon the SOtii of March, 1762, John de Milt and Susannah his wife, conveyed to Pierre van Corllandt two tracts of land, the first being a part of lot No. 6, and the second lot i\o. 1 south of theCroton. The heirsof the above grantee still hold lot No. 1. Lot No. 2 belonged to Oliver de Lancey, and lot No. 3 to John Watts.

Philip van Corllandt, the eldest survivin"^ son of Stephanus, was born on ti]e 9th of August, 1683. He married Catharine de Peyster, and on the failure of heirs male to his elder brother, John, continued the line of the family Upon the death of Philip, (which took place 21st August, 1746,) his property became divided among his six children, viz., Stephen, Abraham, Philip, John, Pierre and Catharine. Stephen, the eldest, married Mary Walion Ricketts. Their descendants at present reside in Enghmd, and have intermarried with many members of the British nobility.^-

Philip van Corllandt, the eldest survivin"^ son of Stephanus, was born on ti]e 9th of August, 1683. He married Catharine de Peyster, and on the failure of heirs male to his elder brother, John, continued the line of the family Upon the death of Philip, (which took place 21st August, 1746,) his property became divided among his six children, viz., Stephen, Abraham, Philip, John, Pierre and Catharine. Stephen, the eldest, married Mary Walion Ricketts. Their descendants at present reside in Enghmd, and have intermarried with many members of the British nobility.^-

The fifth son, Pierre van Cortlandt, ultimately became the oldest surviving representative of the Van Cortlandt family in America, and the heir at law of the entail.

Upon the breaking out of the revolutionary w^ar, Pierre van Cortlandt was appointed president of the committee of public safety, and v/as subsequently elected lieutenant governor of this state. Throughout the trying period of the revolution, he appears to have been the principal administrator of the state govermnent, (George Clinton being necessarily engaged in military duties.) His patriotic zeal rendered him so obnoxious to the enemy, that the British governor set a bounty on his head.

The following obituary notice of this illustrious individual occurs in the Gazette office of May 17, 1814 : '

"Pierre Yan Cortlandt, early took an active part against every oppression of the British government upon the colonies. He was chosen into the first Provincial Congress, was a member of the committee which formed the constitution of this state, and was honored by the suffrages of his country at the first election under the new government with the station of lieutenant governor, and continued to be elected to that office for eighteen years successively. He was the friend and confident of that great patriot,

"Pierre Yan Cortlandt, early took an active part against every oppression of the British government upon the colonies. He was chosen into the first Provincial Congress, was a member of the committee which formed the constitution of this state, and was honored by the suffrages of his country at the first election under the new government with the station of lieutenant governor, and continued to be elected to that office for eighteen years successively. He was the friend and confident of that great patriot,

^ The will of Philip Van Cortlandt was proved 17th November, 1748. Surrogate's Office, N. Y., No. XVI., 375.

YoL. I. - - -.8

58 HISTORY OF THE

George Clin(on. In ibe revolution he shared the fate of the friends of their country ; his family were obliged to abandon their homes in the manor of Cortlandt, and take refuge in the interior. Firm and nndismayed in adversity; the ill success of our arms was a stnmikis to greater exertions. He was on^ of those who, relying on the justice of their cause, put their trust in God and stood firm at the post of danger. In prosperity he was not too much elated, but held a temperate and uniform course, having in view only the independence of the United States and the safety of his country.

In the senate of this state he presided with dignity and propriety, nor ever suffered his opinion to be known until called upon constitutionally to decide ; and his vote was then given with promptness, uninfluenced by parly feelings, a»jd evidencing the convictions of a sound and honest mind. Jn the year 1795 he declined a re-election as lieutenant governor, and retired into private life."

In prosperity he was not too much elated, but held a temperate and uniform course, having in view only the independence of the United States and the safety of his country.

In the senate of this state he presided with dignity and propriety, nor ever suffered his opinion to be known until called upon constitutionally to decide ; and his vote was then given with promptness, uninfluenced by parly feelings, a»jd evidencing the convictions of a sound and honest mind. Jn the year 1795 he declined a re-election as lieutenant governor, and retired into private life."

The Hon. Pierre van Cortlandt died on the morning of the first day of ]\Iay instant, at his seat at Croton Kiver in this town, in the 94th year of his age, leaving issue by his wife Joanna Livingston, Philip, Gilbert, Stephen, Pierre, Catharine, Cornelia, Anne and Gertrude.

Philip, the eldest son, was born in the city of New York on the first day of September, 1749. This individual was brought up at the manor house on the Croton, and subsequently received a liberal education in the vicinity of Coldingham. N. Y.

At the early age of nineteen he commenced business as a land surveyor; he had also the management of an extensive flouring mill and country store. Soon after the destruction of Lexington and Concord (by the British troops) he threw up business, and agreeing with his patriotic father in sentiment, determined by an appeal to arms, to obtain either liberty or death. In this intention he was strongly opposed by his tory relations, who used every effort to induce him to join their standard. Governor Tryon at the same time forwarded him a major's conmiission in the Cortlandt militia. This document he subsequently destroyed, and received in lieu thereof a lieutenant colonel's commission in the Continental service, bearing dale June, 1775, signed John Hancock,

Soon after the destruction of Lexington and Concord (by the British troops) he threw up business, and agreeing with his patriotic father in sentiment, determined by an appeal to arms, to obtain either liberty or death. In this intention he was strongly opposed by his tory relations, who used every effort to induce him to join their standard. Governor Tryon at the same time forwarded him a major's conmiission in the Cortlandt militia. This document he subsequently destroyed, and received in lieu thereof a lieutenant colonel's commission in the Continental service, bearing dale June, 1775, signed John Hancock,

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 59

President of Congress. He continued to hold the above command in the 4th New York recrinient until November the 28th, 1776, when lie received from General Washington a colonel's commission in the 2d New York regiment. In this capacity he served at the battles of Stillwater and Saratoga. In both of these actions the New York regiment suffered severely. In the winter of 1778 he was ordered to protect the frontiers against the depredations of Brant, the Indian chief, who had destroyed much valuable property and murdered several of the defenceless inhabitants. In pursuance of these orders Col. van Corllandt marched to Laghawack, where he posted his command. Soon afterwards havinof received fresh orders from the commander-in-chief, he was on the eve of marchino; when Brant, supposing he had left the neighborhood, prematurely set fire to an adjoining village. The colonel immediately started his whole command in hot pursuit. Upon the first tidings, however, of their approach, Brant fled to the neighboring hills. In his diary Gen. Philip van Cortlandt remarks, "As I approached him (Brant) he being on the hills, and seeing me leaning against a pine tree waiting for the closing up of my men, ordered a rifle Indian to kill me, but fortunately he over-shot me, tlte. ball passing three inches over my head.

The colonel immediately started his whole command in hot pursuit. Upon the first tidings, however, of their approach, Brant fled to the neighboring hills. In his diary Gen. Philip van Cortlandt remarks, "As I approached him (Brant) he being on the hills, and seeing me leaning against a pine tree waiting for the closing up of my men, ordered a rifle Indian to kill me, but fortunately he over-shot me, tlte. ball passing three inches over my head. I then porsned him, but could not overtake him, as he ran through a large swamp.''

In the year 1779-80, Col. van Cortlandt was a member of the court that tried Gen. B. Arnold for improper conduct. His own views of the matter are thus recorded in his diary : '• Gen. Arnold being under arrest for improper conduct in Philadelphia, while he commanded there, I was chosen one of the court-mr.rtial, Maj. Gen. Howe, President. There were also in that court four officers who had been at Ticonderoga when Col. Hazen was called on for trial, &c. ; we were for cashiering Arnold, but the majority overruled, and he was finally sentenced to be reprimanded by the commander-in chief. Had all the court known Arnold's former conduct as well as myself he would have been dismissed the service," &c.

In the year 17S0 Col. van Cortlandt was selected as one of the colonels to command a regiment of infantry under Major General La Fayette. A letter is still preserved in the family

Hazen was called on for trial, &c. ; we were for cashiering Arnold, but the majority overruled, and he was finally sentenced to be reprimanded by the commander-in chief. Had all the court known Arnold's former conduct as well as myself he would have been dismissed the service," &c.

In the year 17S0 Col. van Cortlandt was selected as one of the colonels to command a regiment of infantry under Major General La Fayette. A letter is still preserved in the family

60 HISTORY OF THE

from tlie Marquis de la Fayette to the colonel, dated Light Camp, 16th September, ITSO, and the following from the commander-inchief to Col. van Corilandt :

Str : -- Vou will take charge of the clothing, the boats, entrenching tools, and such other stores as shall be committed to your care by the quarter mastergeneral ; with these you are to proceed (Sir in the order they are mentioned) to Springfield by the way of Sufferan, Pompton, theTwo Bridges, and Chatham.. When you arrive at Springfield you will put yourself u^der the order of Major Gen. Lincoln, or any other your superior officers commanding at that place. You will also, if occasion should require it, alter the above route agreeably to orders from either Major General Lincoln or the quarter- mastergeneral.

You will be particularly careful to collect all your men that are in proper condition to march, and will use your best endeavors to prevent desertion.

Given at King's Bridge this 25lh day of August, 178L

When you arrive at Springfield you will put yourself u^der the order of Major Gen. Lincoln, or any other your superior officers commanding at that place. You will also, if occasion should require it, alter the above route agreeably to orders from either Major General Lincoln or the quarter- mastergeneral.

You will be particularly careful to collect all your men that are in proper condition to march, and will use your best endeavors to prevent desertion.

Given at King's Bridge this 25lh day of August, 178L

Geo. Washington.

At the battle of Yorktown, in Virginia, Col. van Cortland t appears to have served on piquet guard ; for his conduct on this occasion he was advanced to the rank of brigadier general. To his care the commander-in-chief entrusted 700 British and Hessian prisoners of war, which he conducted in safety to Fredericksburg. During the spring of 1782 his cainp on the Flat Fields was visited by General and Lady Washington. ^

Upon the suspension of hostilities Gen. van Cortlandt retired to the manor house at Croton ; he was afterv/ards chosen one of the commissioners of forfeitures, and represented for sixteen years this district in Congress, declining re-election in 1811. Gen. van Cortlandt accompanied the Marquis de la Fayette in his tour of the United States in 1824. The general died at his house on the Croton November 21st, 1S31, and with him expired the entail. By his will he bequeathed to his brother, Gen. Pierre van Cortlandt, fiOO acres ; to his three sisters, Anne van Kensselaer, Cornelia Beeckman, and Catharine van Wyck. 200 acres each; and his western lands to his nephew, the present Philip G. van "Wyck of Sing Sing. The latter gentleman has since inherited

Gen. van Cortlandt accompanied the Marquis de la Fayette in his tour of the United States in 1824. The general died at his house on the Croton November 21st, 1S31, and with him expired the entail. By his will he bequeathed to his brother, Gen. Pierre van Cortlandt, fiOO acres ; to his three sisters, Anne van Kensselaer, Cornelia Beeckman, and Catharine van Wyck. 200 acres each; and his western lands to his nephew, the present Philip G. van "Wyck of Sing Sing. The latter gentleman has since inherited

» Extracts from Gen. Philip van Cortlandt's diary in the possession of his nephew, Philip G. van Wyck, Sing Sing.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

his mother's portion consisting of 200 acres on north lot No. 1, south of tfie Croton, together with 112 acres north of that river. The first independent election for officers of the town of Cortlandt took place April 1st, 17S8, when the following individuals were chosen officers for the year ensuing : --

Philip van Cortlandt, Supervisor.

Joseph Travis, Town Clerk.

Daniel Birdsall. 1

Nathaniel Brown, )>• Poor Masters.

Pierre van Cortlandt, J

David Ferris, Constable.

John Paulding, Collector.

John Jones, "1

Nathaniel Brown, )

John Paulding, )► Fence Viewers.

Bariah Richardson, J /■

Abraham Merritt, J

Hercules Lent, "]

Jonathan Ferris, ^Commissioners of Highways.

Pierre van Cortlandt, J

Abraham Merritt, Henry Lent, son of

Hercules, Jarvis Dusenberry, Caleb Barton, John Haight,

John Jones, Henry Griffen, Abraham Merritt, John Paulding,

Gerritt Storms, Philip van Cortlandt, Elisha Hammon, Joshua Bishop, Thomas Conkling, John Garrison, Joseph Mandeville, Richard Curry, jun., John Ferris, John Lee, Daniel Hall, Ludlow Haight, Sam'l. Field, Benj. McCord,

John Paulding, )► Fence Viewers.

Bariah Richardson, J /■

Abraham Merritt, J

Hercules Lent, "]

Jonathan Ferris, ^Commissioners of Highways.

Pierre van Cortlandt, J

Abraham Merritt, Henry Lent, son of

Hercules, Jarvis Dusenberry, Caleb Barton, John Haight,

John Jones, Henry Griffen, Abraham Merritt, John Paulding,

Gerritt Storms, Philip van Cortlandt, Elisha Hammon, Joshua Bishop, Thomas Conkling, John Garrison, Joseph Mandeville, Richard Curry, jun., John Ferris, John Lee, Daniel Hall, Ludlow Haight, Sam'l. Field, Benj. McCord,

Peeksldll, the principal village in Cortlandt town, is situated on the east shore of the Bay of the same name. This place corn-

Assessors.

)► Pound Masters.

> High way Masters.

62 HISTORY OF THE

mands every advantage of river navigation, besides an extensive inland trade, of which it forms the depot.

By the Mohegan Indians the place was called Sachoes, a term derived from the adjoining lands. The small stream intersecting the village was called by them Magrigaries.

The Dutch first denominated the village Peckskill from Jan Peck, one of their early navigators, who, mistaking the present Annsville creek for the proper passage through the race, ran his yacht ashore on the former. Here he subsequently erected a habitation and spent the winter.

The earliest settlement ui this neighborhood commenced one mile north-east of Poekskill, on the property of Capt. John McCoy. The landing place was then at Pemart's dock, near the head of the tide waters of the creek.

On the Sth day of x\ugust, 1745, occurs a sale of land from Andrew Johnson and Isabella his wife, daughter ofStephanus van Cortlaudt, to Caleb Hall and Palatiah Haws, consisting of a part of lot No. 2, situated in great front lot No. 9, beginning on south side of Peck's creek, containing 351 acres, excepting 16 acres of land conveyed by said Johnson to Mrs.

The landing place was then at Pemart's dock, near the head of the tide waters of the creek.

On the Sth day of x\ugust, 1745, occurs a sale of land from Andrew Johnson and Isabella his wife, daughter ofStephanus van Cortlaudt, to Caleb Hall and Palatiah Haws, consisting of a part of lot No. 2, situated in great front lot No. 9, beginning on south side of Peck's creek, containing 351 acres, excepting 16 acres of land conveyed by said Johnson to Mrs. Gertrude Beeck nan.*

Fifteen years subsequent to the above sale, Andrew Johnson conveys to Caleb Hall, Joseph Travis and Palatiah Haws, "lands situated at a place called Peekskill.''^

In the year 1764, Daniel Birdsall, Nathaniel Brown, Joseph Travis, and Capt. Isaac Conklin, commenced the settlement of the present village. At that early period there was little or no business transacted here. The first store was erected by Daniel Birdsall in the vicinity of middle dock, near the mill of Andrew Johnson, Esq. C. plain Swim is said to have sailed the first sloop from Pemart's dock, A. D. 1773.

Peekskill now contains about 3,000 inhabitants, 250 dwelling houses, 1 bank, 10 churches of different denominations, 6 hotels and public houses, 3J stores, 2 tanneries, 2 soap manufactories, 1 hat, 2 cabinet, and 3 carriage manufactories. Also several iron foundries, some of which are very extensive and manufacture

» Co. Rec. Lib. G., p. 403. b Co. Rec. Lib. H., p. 344.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 63

large quantities of stoves and plongli castings, belonging to the Messrs. Thos. Southard, Taylor, Flacrjer <fc Co. ; Minor, Horlon & Co. ; Reuben R. Finch 6c Co. ; C. A. Depew & Co. ; Whiiney (fe Montanya; Rikeman & Seymour, and Judson H. C^Jilbert & Son ; besides the salamander fire brick manufactory of Abraham M.

» Co. Rec. Lib. G., p. 403. b Co. Rec. Lib. H., p. 344.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 63

large quantities of stoves and plongli castings, belonging to the Messrs. Thos. Southard, Taylor, Flacrjer <fc Co. ; Minor, Horlon & Co. ; Reuben R. Finch 6c Co. ; C. A. Depew & Co. ; Whiiney (fe Montanya; Rikeman & Seymour, and Judson H. C^Jilbert & Son ; besides the salamander fire brick manufactory of Abraham M. Lord, and C. C. Queen's manufactory of portable blacksmith's forges. There are now owned in this village 1 steamboat engaged in transporting passengers and produce, G sloops besides a steamboat which runs daily to and from the city of New York, landing at Sing Sing, Tarrytown, Yonkers, (fcc. The Hudson river steamboats also land passengers several times daily at Caldwell's Landing, opposite Peekskill, affording almost hourly communication with the city of New York, by the aid of a steam ferry boat. The village of Peekskill was incorporated A. D., 1839, under the style and title of the '' Corporation of the Village of Peekskill." Its officers consist of a president and four trustees. The Peekskill Academy is a flourishing chartered institution, delightfully situated on Oak Hill. Near it is still standing the tree on which was hung, during the revolutionary war, Daniel Strang, the British spy.a- " One Daniel Strang, (says Thatcher,) was found lurking about our army at Peekskill, and on examination enlisting orders were found sewed in his clothes. He was immediately tried as a spy from the enemy, sentenced to suffer death, and was executed accordingly."^

The Peekskill Academy is a flourishing chartered institution, delightfully situated on Oak Hill. Near it is still standing the tree on which was hung, during the revolutionary war, Daniel Strang, the British spy.a- " One Daniel Strang, (says Thatcher,) was found lurking about our army at Peekskill, and on examination enlisting orders were found sewed in his clothes. He was immediately tried as a spy from the enemy, sentenced to suffer death, and was executed accordingly."^

The most interesting evidence, (remarks a recent traveller,) that there is a spark of public spirit existing in this ancient settlement which will sooner or later burst into a flame, is to be found in the establishment of a high school, and the erection of a very neat, spacious and appropriate edifice for that purpose on a most delightful eminence, where the healthful and invigorating breeze from the towering mountains in the vicinity pours forth its medicinal influence, and where the soul alive to the sentiments of beauty, variety and sublimity, can view wiih rapture the variegated and picturesque scenery, the beautiful and expansive bay, the towering and gigantic Dunderberg, the " race," and

» N. Y. Gazeteer. b Thatcher's Journal.

64 HISTORY OF THE

the opening of the majestic Highlands. But my pen affords an altogether inadequate description of the scene.

Peekskill is certainlj^ well situated for purposes of education, furnishing as it does facilities for communicating daily, nay, almost hourly, with the great city; and from my own personal inference, as well as the testimony of others, I doubt whether there is a place in the whole range of the Hudson, where health can be more conveniently soi^oht, or more surely gained.

the opening of the majestic Highlands. But my pen affords an altogether inadequate description of the scene.

Peekskill is certainlj^ well situated for purposes of education, furnishing as it does facilities for communicating daily, nay, almost hourly, with the great city; and from my own personal inference, as well as the testimony of others, I doubt whether there is a place in the whole range of the Hudson, where health can be more conveniently soi^oht, or more surely gained.

The academy was built with a capital stock of $7000, divided into shares of five dollars each, and taken up principally by the inhabitants of the village. The principal, Mr. Albert Wells, is a very worthy, intelligent teacher. The present number of pupils is about sixty. Board is furnished in the same building to scholars whose parents do not reside in the vilhige.a

Near the entrance of the village stands the Westchester Bank. This institution was first established in Peekskill in 1833, with a capital of $200,000, and General Pierre van Cortlandt elected President. It is at present in a flourishing condition, and like the hills of Westchester, has so far stood firm and unmoved amid troublesome times. The stock has sold at almost as orreat an advance as ever the United States Bank stock did. The Westchester Bank declared its first dividend six months after its establishment. The bills contain a beautiful vignette representing the capture of Andre by the three farmers of Westchester County ; besides a neat engraving of the Hon. Pierre van Cortlandt. There is also a bust of this individual in the bank, presented by his son, Gen. Pierre van Cortlandt.

The stock has sold at almost as orreat an advance as ever the United States Bank stock did. The Westchester Bank declared its first dividend six months after its establishment. The bills contain a beautiful vignette representing the capture of Andre by the three farmers of Westchester County ; besides a neat engraving of the Hon. Pierre van Cortlandt. There is also a bust of this individual in the bank, presented by his son, Gen. Pierre van Cortlandt.

The present board of directors consist of :

Pierre van Cortlandt, Joseph H. Anderson,

James B. Travis, Ebenezer Foster,

Philip Clapp, Isaac Seymour,

Frederick W. Requa, Jasper S. Odell,

Samuel Brewster, Charles A. G. Depew,

Aaron Vark, John Williams,

James Bailey.

» Letters about the Hudson, p. 21, 22.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 65

Isaac Seymour, Esq. has held the office of cashier with distinguished abihty since the first organization of the institution.

The Episcopal Church of St. Peter's is a handsome gothic structure of wood, situated on the north side of the village. The interior contains a neat chancel, gallery, and organ. Against the north wall of the church is placed a marble tablet, inscribed as follows : - •

M. S. Ann Stevenson, The affectionate and beloved wife of Gen. Pierre van Cortlandt, of this township and county, who departed this life at Albany, March 20th, 1821, '; , . translated by God to a kingdom of happiness and glory, _ '' -. aged 46 years, 6 months and 16 days. - ' "

The interior contains a neat chancel, gallery, and organ. Against the north wall of the church is placed a marble tablet, inscribed as follows : - •

M. S. Ann Stevenson, The affectionate and beloved wife of Gen. Pierre van Cortlandt, of this township and county, who departed this life at Albany, March 20th, 1821, '; , . translated by God to a kingdom of happiness and glory, _ '' -. aged 46 years, 6 months and 16 days. - ' "

Early instructed by her pious mother in the doctrines and principles of the gospel, this excellent woman became exemplary as a communicant of the church when only thirteen years old, and continuing to be a sincere and humble follower of her Saviour, even unto her life's end, was endeared to all who knew her by her Christian virtues, and for a pure and devoted attachment to Christ's holy apostolic church, to the members of this congregation, who, as a memorial of her worth and mark of respect for her venerable consort and her only son, benefactors of this parish, have erected this tablet.

-, Requiescat in pace. - - • " "•

There is a fine bell in the tower bearing the following inscription : '' Cast by G. H. Holbrook, East Medway, Mass. 1811. Presented to Saint Peter's Church, Peekskill, Westchester County, New York, by Gen. Pierre van Cortlandt, August 29th, 1841." The marble font was the gift of his son, Colonel Pierre van Cortlandt.

The site of this church was formerly occupied by a military magazine, destroyed by the British army in 1777. Large quantities of grape shot have been found in the immediate vicinity. Adjoining the building on the south is situated the family vanlt of Ward B. Howard, Esq. (now president of the village corporaation,) in which repose the mortal remains of his late wife, Lucia

Pierre van Cortlandt, August 29th, 1841." The marble font was the gift of his son, Colonel Pierre van Cortlandt.

The site of this church was formerly occupied by a military magazine, destroyed by the British army in 1777. Large quantities of grape shot have been found in the immediate vicinity. Adjoining the building on the south is situated the family vanlt of Ward B. Howard, Esq. (now president of the village corporaation,) in which repose the mortal remains of his late wife, Lucia

YoL. L 9

66 HISTORY OF THE

Howard, daughter of the late Hon. Robert Johnston. * Also the remains of his nephew, Wilham J. Mitchell, (son of the late Chauncey Mitchell, Esq.) who was unfortunately killed by the explosion of the steamer Gen. Jackson, off Yerplanck's Point, June 7th, 1S31.

This church was first incorporated 19th*July, 1838, under the title of the " AVardens and Vestrymen of St. Peter's Chapel, in the village of Peekskill," on which occasion Pierre Van Cortlandt and Samuel Marks, were elected wardens, and Daniel D. Smith, Samuel T. Wood, John CoUett, Elihu E. Baker, Alex. Fairly, Wm. B. Birdsall, Nicholas Cruger, and Isaac Seymour, vestrymen.^

A third incorporation occurs under the title of " St. Peter's Church of Cortlandt," 28th August, lS40.c

This church is annexed to a much older one of the same name, situated two miles north of the village, where occasional services are still performed.

The Dutch Reformed Church is a neat wooden edifice, surmounted with a spire of the same material, standing nearly south of the Episcopal Church. Above the entrance is a tablet inscribed --

A third incorporation occurs under the title of " St. Peter's Church of Cortlandt," 28th August, lS40.c

This church is annexed to a much older one of the same name, situated two miles north of the village, where occasional services are still performed.

The Dutch Reformed Church is a neat wooden edifice, surmounted with a spire of the same material, standing nearly south of the Episcopal Church. Above the entrance is a tablet inscribed --

The Van Nest

Reformed Dutch Church,

Founded A. D. 1839.

Abraham A^an Nest and George Douglass, Esquires, appear to have been liberal benefactors towards the erection of this church. A silver communion service was also presented by the former individual. The first Reformed Dutch Church located in this village, stood on the hill west of the Episcopal Church, adjoining the Diviu property. Nothing remains at present to mark its site, save a small enclosure containing a (ew interments. In this cemetery is a plain marble monument to the memory of Lieut. George McChain, which bears the following truly classical inscription, composed by the Hon. R. R. Pray, Chancellor of the State of Mississippi :

*■ Mrs. Howard died on the 8th of March, 1834. b See Religious Soc lib. B. p. 56. e Lib. B. p. 60.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 67

Interred.

Near this stone lie the remains of

George McChain,

Lieutenant in the sixth regiment of the

United States Infantry, and distinguished

for his valour in the battles of Chippeway and

Bridgewater. In him were united the energy

R. R. Pray, Chancellor of the State of Mississippi :

*■ Mrs. Howard died on the 8th of March, 1834. b See Religious Soc lib. B. p. 56. e Lib. B. p. 60.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 67

Interred.

Near this stone lie the remains of

George McChain,

Lieutenant in the sixth regiment of the

United States Infantry, and distinguished

for his valour in the battles of Chippeway and

Bridgewater. In him were united the energy

of the soldier, with the easy politeness of the

gentleman. Impressed with the great truths

of religion, he was hospitably, gentle, sober, just,

and contemplative. From the ardour of his

love of country, he early devoted himself to her

service, where he was brave without vanity, and

magnanimous without ostentation. To

perpetuate the memory of so beloved a character,

his mourning friends have erected this humble stone,

a frail memorial of their veneration for his virtues,

and a faint testimony of their grief for a misfortune,

alas : indelibly engraven on their hearts.

He died on the 19th day of October, 1818,

Aged 32 years.

Also monuments to the memory of his father John McChain, one of the Westchester guides in the revolutionary war, and the Rev. Allen Blair, who departed this life June 14, aged 72 years; also Jane, wil''e of St. John Constant, who died April 2, 1817.

The Van Nest Reformed Dutch Church in Peekskill, was incorporated on the 3d of January, 1843, and called by the above name, " in consideration of the private virtues and public liberality of Abraham Van Nest of New York." The consistory also resolved to confide the manaofement to a board of nine trustees. The following gentlemen were elected to this office, on the 16th of January, 1843: James Goetchius, William Leavins, John P. Cruger, Washington S.

The Van Nest Reformed Dutch Church in Peekskill, was incorporated on the 3d of January, 1843, and called by the above name, " in consideration of the private virtues and public liberality of Abraham Van Nest of New York." The consistory also resolved to confide the manaofement to a board of nine trustees. The following gentlemen were elected to this office, on the 16th of January, 1843: James Goetchius, William Leavins, John P. Cruger, Washington S. Whitney, J. Henry Ferris, Thomas Nelson, Hercules Lent, Charles A. G. Depew and N. S. Jacobs. a

The Presbyterian Church is situated on the south side of Magrigaries brook, upon land the gift of Nathaniel -Brown, Esq.

The first edifice was erected A. D. 1799 ; the principal benefactors towards which, were Stephen Brown, Esq., and his motherin-law, Mrs. Hannah Brewer. In possession of the present Dr.

a Relig. Soc. Lib. B. 80, 82.

68 HISTORY OF THE

Brewer of this place is preserved an account of monies expended

by Messrs Samuel Haight and Stephen Brown, in building the

meeting house in Peekskill. Total expenditure £371 8s. Id. dated

Peekskiil, 13 Sept. 1799.

Samuel Haiorht, ) rr< Stephen Brown, \ Trustees.

During the ministry of the Rev. Silas Constant, a division took place in the congregation. The seceding party erected a new church, but subsequently became merged in the Reformed Dutch Church in 1826. The present building which was erected in 1845, is a handsome wooden structure, surmounted with a neat tower and spire ; the former contains a large bell and clock. In the cemetery adjoining the church are monuments to Capt. Isaac Conklin, who departed this life, January, 13th, 1815, aged 68 years, Zebulon Philips, and Samuel Strang, M. D., and others. There are also inclos ure belonging to the Brown, Bedle and Rundle families, in which numerous interments have been made.

The present building which was erected in 1845, is a handsome wooden structure, surmounted with a neat tower and spire ; the former contains a large bell and clock. In the cemetery adjoining the church are monuments to Capt. Isaac Conklin, who departed this life, January, 13th, 1815, aged 68 years, Zebulon Philips, and Samuel Strang, M. D., and others. There are also inclos ure belonging to the Brown, Bedle and Rundle families, in which numerous interments have been made. This church is in conection with the 2d New York Presbytery.

The following is a list of the pastors and supplies of this church from the year 1800. The Rev. Silas Constant, A. D. ISOO ; Rev. John Manly, Rev. Abraham Purdy, Rev. Andrew Thompson, Rev. Abner Brundage, Rev. John H. Leggett, A. D. lS2'3-7; Rev. Peter Lockwood, Rev. William Marshall, Rev. D. M. HalliJay, present minister.

The Independent Presbyterian congregation in the village of Peekskill was incorporated 29th September, 1813 ; John Lent, John Constant, and Samuel Strang first trustees. a

The new school Presbyterian church of this place was first organized November 17, 1841, by a committee from the North River Presbyter}^

The present church edifice was erected A. D. 1845, and dedicated to the service of God 9th of April, 1845 ; the society was incorporated by its present name July 29th, 1846. The first pastor was the Rev. Daniel Brown. This individual was installed May 4th, 1842. Mr. Brown died on the 8th of November, 1846,

The new school Presbyterian church of this place was first organized November 17, 1841, by a committee from the North River Presbyter}^

The present church edifice was erected A. D. 1845, and dedicated to the service of God 9th of April, 1845 ; the society was incorporated by its present name July 29th, 1846. The first pastor was the Rev. Daniel Brown. This individual was installed May 4th, 1842. Mr. Brown died on the 8th of November, 1846,

^ Religious Soc. Lib. A. 102, 188.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 69

and was succeeded by the Rev. Livingston Willard (present pastor) April 15th, 1847'

The Baptist society must have been established here at an early date; this appears from the following document, entitled an agreement made the 17th day of December, A. D. 1772, by and between tfie subscribers, as follows, to wit :

Whereas the society of people called Baptists, by way of voluntary subscription, have lately erected and built a house for public worship at or near a place called Peekskill, in the manor of Cortlandt, and as there is not as yet a sufficient sum of money raised to pay for the building said house, we the subscribers do agree upon and appoint Caleb Hall, of said manor of Cortlandt, to hire a sum of money sufficient to pay the deficiency ; and we jointly and severally promise, and oblige ourselves, our heirs, executors and administrators, to • pay to the said Caleb Hall, his executors or administrators, one equal part of the sum that he shall so hire, according to the proportion of our first subscription: Provided that if there shall be money raised by way of subscription sufficient to pay the cost laid out in building said house, that the money so hired shall be paid out of the same.

Whereas the society of people called Baptists, by way of voluntary subscription, have lately erected and built a house for public worship at or near a place called Peekskill, in the manor of Cortlandt, and as there is not as yet a sufficient sum of money raised to pay for the building said house, we the subscribers do agree upon and appoint Caleb Hall, of said manor of Cortlandt, to hire a sum of money sufficient to pay the deficiency ; and we jointly and severally promise, and oblige ourselves, our heirs, executors and administrators, to • pay to the said Caleb Hall, his executors or administrators, one equal part of the sum that he shall so hire, according to the proportion of our first subscription: Provided that if there shall be money raised by way of subscription sufficient to pay the cost laid out in building said house, that the money so hired shall be paid out of the same. In witness whereof we have hereunto set our hands.

Caleb Hall, Sen. John Poun,

Isaac Horton, Sen. Joshua Horton,

Daniel Hall, • . Caleb Hall, Jr.

Richard Williams, , ' ', Nathan Brown,

Nathan Eliot, ' Oliver Yeomans.

The first Baptist church stood near General Pierre van Cortlandt's, directly on the spot now occupied by the district schoolhouse.

The present society was organized in 1843, under the style and title of the First Baptist Church in Peekskill. The meeting house, which is valued at $3,400, was erected August, 1847, and dedicated the 8th of April, 1847, to the service of Almighty God. On this occasion the Rev. W. R. Williams, D. D., delivered the dedicatory sermon. This church belongs to the senior Baptist , ^ association. Upon the 31st October, 1843, the Rev. Edward Conover was duly elected pastor ; this individual was succeeded, November 25, 1844, by the Rev.

The present society was organized in 1843, under the style and title of the First Baptist Church in Peekskill. The meeting house, which is valued at $3,400, was erected August, 1847, and dedicated the 8th of April, 1847, to the service of Almighty God. On this occasion the Rev. W. R. Williams, D. D., delivered the dedicatory sermon. This church belongs to the senior Baptist , ^ association. Upon the 31st October, 1843, the Rev. Edward Conover was duly elected pastor ; this individual was succeeded, November 25, 1844, by the Rev. C. C. Williams. The present pastor is the Rev. P. Buel, who commenced his ministrations 23d August, 1846. The communicants belonging to this church ^ average forty.

70 HISTORY OF THE

The Methodist Episcopal church in Peekskill was first incorporated 2d August, ISOS ; Bethune Washburn, Gilbert Weeks and John Spock, trustees.^ The Methodist society must have been in existence, however, some time previous to the above incorporation, for on the 26th February, 1795, we find John Drake and Catharine his wife conveying three-quarters* of an acre of land in this place to William Hallock, Thomas Clark, William Weeks, Abraham Travis and Stephen Newby, managers of the Methodist society. The present church edifice, erected A. D. 1837, occupies the site of a still older building erected in 1811 : to it is attached a small grave yard. The communicants of this church number two hundred.

The Protestant Methodist society was first established here in 1827, and incorporated 23d November, 1836 ; John Spock, William R. Steel and Thomas Blackney trustees. b

The Methodist Episcopal church in Peekskill was first incorporated 2d August, ISOS ; Bethune Washburn, Gilbert Weeks and John Spock, trustees.^ The Methodist society must have been in existence, however, some time previous to the above incorporation, for on the 26th February, 1795, we find John Drake and Catharine his wife conveying three-quarters* of an acre of land in this place to William Hallock, Thomas Clark, William Weeks, Abraham Travis and Stephen Newby, managers of the Methodist society. The present church edifice, erected A. D. 1837, occupies the site of a still older building erected in 1811 : to it is attached a small grave yard. The communicants of this church number two hundred.

The Protestant Methodist society was first established here in 1827, and incorporated 23d November, 1836 ; John Spock, William R. Steel and Thomas Blackney trustees. b

The Wesleyan or Primitive Methodists originally belonged to the old Methodist society, from which body they seceded in 1839* Their first pastor was the Rev. John Miles. The church edifice was erected in 1839. and incorporated A. D. 1842.

The society of Friends was first organized here in 1804, and the oldest house erected in 1811, upon land given for that purpose by Nathaniel Brown, Esq.

One of the most interesting objects in the village of Peekskill is the old Birdsall residence, situated directly opposite the Bank. This house during the American Revolution was occupied occasionally by General Washington as head-quarters when the army happened to be stationed here. In this time honored mansion the visitor is still shown the sleeping apartments of Washington and his noble companion in arms La Fayette. The furniture occupies nearly the same position as at that day, and the old clock still marks the passing liour as it did seventy-seven years ago. The colored woman who waited upon the illustrious visitors died in 1841.

This house during the American Revolution was occupied occasionally by General Washington as head-quarters when the army happened to be stationed here. In this time honored mansion the visitor is still shown the sleeping apartments of Washington and his noble companion in arms La Fayette. The furniture occupies nearly the same position as at that day, and the old clock still marks the passing liour as it did seventy-seven years ago. The colored woman who waited upon the illustrious visitors died in 1841. The Rev. George Whitfield also preached in one of the parlors.

The village landing is pleasantly situated at the foot of a high bank, commanding a fine view of the Peekskill Bay, the Dun-

» Religious Soc. Lib. A. p. 102. h Religious Soc Lib. B. p. 47.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 71

derbarrach, Rahway Hook, and the entrance to the Highlands ; directly opposite is Caldwell's Landing in Rockland county, with which the \V^estchester shore is connected by a ferry. Across this ferry the American troops were frequently transported during the Revolution. In the vicinity of the landing there was formerly a silver mine in operation ; the following register of its discovery occurs in the Secretary of State's office.

No. 8 name of Discoverer. In ivhich County. Recorded. Book. Page.

Gilbert Weeks. W. C. Co., town of March 16, 26. 190.

Cortlandt, within a 1796. quarter of a mile of Peekskill landing, on the north side of McGregory's brook silver ore.

Numerous minerals are also found in this neighborhood, such as Epidote, Garnet, &c. Sphene is said to have been discovered near Peekskill in an aggregate of quartz. Sulphate of barytes exists in the region of Anthony's Nose.

No. 8 name of Discoverer. In ivhich County. Recorded. Book. Page.

Gilbert Weeks. W. C. Co., town of March 16, 26. 190.

Cortlandt, within a 1796. quarter of a mile of Peekskill landing, on the north side of McGregory's brook silver ore.

Numerous minerals are also found in this neighborhood, such as Epidote, Garnet, &c. Sphene is said to have been discovered near Peekskill in an aggregate of quartz. Sulphate of barytes exists in the region of Anthony's Nose.

Gregory's brook (sometimes called Magrigarie's creek,) rises in Magrigarie's pond, a few miles east of the village. This rapid stream, after flowing through a deep and wooded glen, empties into the Hudson near the landing place.

The romantic hills which abound in the immediate vicinity of Peekskill are many of them connected with stirring events during the revolutionary war. Among the most prominent is Gallows hill, famous as the spot where the spy Palmer was executed by order of General Putnam, whose laconic reply to Sir Henry Clinton, the British commander, deserves an enduring record. It appears that Clinton had sent up a flag of truce from New York, demanding the release of Edmund Palmer, his lieutenant, who had been detected as a spy in the American camp. The brief and emphatic answer of Putnam runs thus:

'' Head Quarters, 7th August, 1777. " Sir : Edmund Palmer, an officer in the enemy's service, was taken as a spy lurking within the American lines. He has been

72 ' HISTORY OF THE

It appears that Clinton had sent up a flag of truce from New York, demanding the release of Edmund Palmer, his lieutenant, who had been detected as a spy in the American camp. The brief and emphatic answer of Putnam runs thus:

'' Head Quarters, 7th August, 1777. " Sir : Edmund Palmer, an officer in the enemy's service, was taken as a spy lurking within the American lines. He has been

72 ' HISTORY OF THE

tried as a spy, condemned as a spy, and shall be executed as a spy ; and the flag is ordered to depart immediately.

Israel Putnam."

" P. S. -- He has been accordingly executed."

From this circumstance the hill derived its present appellation. The story of Palmer's sad fate is thus graphically described in the republican paper of Peekskill : --

" In the summer of the year 1780, and for some time preceding and following, on the southern and eastern sides of the hill, and along the rich valley \vhich lies at its base, was quartered a division of the American army under the command of Gen. Putnam. Disaffection and treachery prevailed on every side ; men there were who from fear or from other base causes refused to take part on the side of virtue and patriotism, and remained as neutrals, wavering between each party, and acting as their personal safety seemed most to require. Many, calling themselves Whigs, were constantly endeavoring by covert means to blast the hopes and discourage the gallant few who were struggling at the side of liberty, by giving to their enemies that information of their situation and prospects which they had obtained by the most abject treachery. To destroy these evils required the greatest vigilance and severity on the part of the American commander.

Disaffection and treachery prevailed on every side ; men there were who from fear or from other base causes refused to take part on the side of virtue and patriotism, and remained as neutrals, wavering between each party, and acting as their personal safety seemed most to require. Many, calling themselves Whigs, were constantly endeavoring by covert means to blast the hopes and discourage the gallant few who were struggling at the side of liberty, by giving to their enemies that information of their situation and prospects which they had obtained by the most abject treachery. To destroy these evils required the greatest vigilance and severity on the part of the American commander. Early one morning, in the month of August, a party of the militia, three in number, brought a young man by the name of Palmer, whom they had taken on suspicion of his being a spy and having enlisting orders from Try on, the British general then com.manding in New York. The enormity of his offence was such, that if proved, it demanded the most vigorous punishment. A court martial was therefore immediately convened, and from the circumstances given to the court by those who arrested him, and the evidence of many of the country people, who gave an unfavorable account of his conduct, he was convicted and sentenced to be executed as a spy.

" The prisoner was a young man of athletic form, and possessed elegant attainments, had a wife and children then residing in Yorktown, the place of his nativity, and was connected with some of the most respectable families of West Chester. The most urgent intercessions were immediately made to obtain his release, but in vain ; the stern justice of Putnam was not to be overcome bv any feelings of pity. The British general wrote a letter to the American commander, demanding his prisoner, and threatening him with vengeance if a compliance with his demand was not immediately acceded to ; but he received for answer that the prisoner was " taken as a spy, tried as a spy, convicted as a spy, and that be should be hung as a spy." Here the matter rested until the morning previous to his execution, when the wife of Palmer presented herself before the commanding officer in his tent.

The British general wrote a letter to the American commander, demanding his prisoner, and threatening him with vengeance if a compliance with his demand was not immediately acceded to ; but he received for answer that the prisoner was " taken as a spy, tried as a spy, convicted as a spy, and that be should be hung as a spy." Here the matter rested until the morning previous to his execution, when the wife of Palmer presented herself before the commanding officer in his tent. She had come there with her child in her arms, to throw herself with humble submission at the foot of the man who by a word, she thought, could relieve her aching heart of its load of mis-

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 73

ery. , In the artless and winning eloquence of a bursting heart, she represented to him the awful situation in which she would be placed should the fearful sentence that had been passed upon her husband be carried into effect. She implored him, by every tie of affection that bound two young hearts together -- for the sake of the infant she pressed to her bosom, who, if left fatherless, would wander through the world disgraced and an orphan -- by his own feelings as a father and a husband, to have mercy on him v»'ho was all to her this world could bestow. Her tears, her deep distress and her passionate exclamations fell deep into the heart of the war-worn soldier ; but they did not alter his stern resolve. With a dignity of purpose and a countenance that told how intense were the feelings then glowing within him, he told her he must die. Insensible she was carried from his presence and conveyed back to her friends. The following morning, at the hour appointed for his execution, on an enclosed spot of ground near the summit, on the eastern side of the hill, was seen a gallows rudely constructed of logs, with a rope appended thereto.

With a dignity of purpose and a countenance that told how intense were the feelings then glowing within him, he told her he must die. Insensible she was carried from his presence and conveyed back to her friends. The following morning, at the hour appointed for his execution, on an enclosed spot of ground near the summit, on the eastern side of the hill, was seen a gallows rudely constructed of logs, with a rope appended thereto. The trees and fences were filled with men, women and children who had come far and near to witness the awful scene, and the prisoner was led out to the appointed spot where his last view of the world was taken, and prepare his mind for its sudden transit into eternity. It is but just to say, that whether hung guilty or innocent, he met his fate with the fortitude of a man. The body, after beingsuspended a suitable time, was taken down and given to his friends for interment."

Such is the story of Gallows Hill. The sad fabric of Jogs which had been raised for his execution remained standing for several years after the war, an object of dread and superstition to the more ignorant of the country people whose daily avocations compelled them to pass it.^

The summit of Gallows Hill embraces a fine view of the river, the scenery of the race and surrounding country. The remains of Fort Look Out are situated on the adjoining hill. During the revolutionary contest, the village of Peekskill appears to have suffered severely from the enemy's incursions. "Before the British army took the field, for the third campaign of 1777, (says Mr. Smith) two enterprizes for the destruction of American stores were undertaken. Col. Bird landed with about 500 men at Peekskill, March 23, fifty miles from New York.

The summit of Gallows Hill embraces a fine view of the river, the scenery of the race and surrounding country. The remains of Fort Look Out are situated on the adjoining hill. During the revolutionary contest, the village of Peekskill appears to have suffered severely from the enemy's incursions. "Before the British army took the field, for the third campaign of 1777, (says Mr. Smith) two enterprizes for the destruction of American stores were undertaken. Col. Bird landed with about 500 men at Peekskill, March 23, fifty miles from New York. The few Americans who were stationed as a guard at this place, on the approach of the British, fired the principal store-houses and retired. The loss

a Westchester and Putnam Republican, May 14, 1833,

Vol. 1. 10

74 HISTORY OF THE

of the provisions was considerable.''^ '' September, 1777, the enemy came out on both sides of the Hudson simultaneously in considerable force, consisting of from two to three thousand men, on which occasion the American barracks and store-houses, and the whole village of Peekskill was sacked and burnt dA^di the country pillaged."b The Weekly Mercury of Feb. 16th, 1778, (published by Hugh Gaines,) contains a letter from Commodore Hotham to Vice Admiral Lord Viscount Howe, which by his lordship was transmitted to all ships in service, <fcc., dated on board his Majesty's ship the Preston, lying oiF Peekskill creek. Major Burr was stationed at Peekskill on the 21st July, 1777, when he received a lieutenant colonel's commission in the continental army, and from this place the traitor Arnold likewise received his appointment to West Point, dated August the 3d, 1780.

of the provisions was considerable.''^ '' September, 1777, the enemy came out on both sides of the Hudson simultaneously in considerable force, consisting of from two to three thousand men, on which occasion the American barracks and store-houses, and the whole village of Peekskill was sacked and burnt dA^di the country pillaged."b The Weekly Mercury of Feb. 16th, 1778, (published by Hugh Gaines,) contains a letter from Commodore Hotham to Vice Admiral Lord Viscount Howe, which by his lordship was transmitted to all ships in service, <fcc., dated on board his Majesty's ship the Preston, lying oiF Peekskill creek. Major Burr was stationed at Peekskill on the 21st July, 1777, when he received a lieutenant colonel's commission in the continental army, and from this place the traitor Arnold likewise received his appointment to West Point, dated August the 3d, 1780.

In the vilbge of Peekskill was born John Paulding, one of the American farmers who intercepted Andre the British spy, at Tarrytown, some fifteen miles below this place. For his services on 'this occasion the state presented him with a farm situated within the town of Cortland t. The property now belongs to Jacob Strang.

The following abstract is taken from a deed given by Samuel Dodge, Daniel Graham, and John Hotham, commissioners of forfeitures for the middle district of New York, to John Paulding, of Cortlandt Manor :

For and in consideration of the services John Paulding, of Cortlandt IManor, in the County of Westchester, hath rendered his country, in apprehending and securing the British deputy adjutant Gen. Major Andre, who was returning to New York after having in the character of a spy concerted measures with the infamous Benedict Arnold, then commanding at the posts in the Highlands, for betraying the said posts into the hands of the enemy, and for his virtue in refusing a large sum of money offered by the said Major Andre as a bribe to permit him to escape ; and for and in consideration of the sum of five shillings lawful money of the State of New York, and for the further sum of twenty-five pounds ten shillings like lawful money of the said stale, by the said John Paulding paid into the treasury of the said state, the said commissioners by virtue of the powers and authorities in and

Major Andre, who was returning to New York after having in the character of a spy concerted measures with the infamous Benedict Arnold, then commanding at the posts in the Highlands, for betraying the said posts into the hands of the enemy, and for his virtue in refusing a large sum of money offered by the said Major Andre as a bribe to permit him to escape ; and for and in consideration of the sum of five shillings lawful money of the State of New York, and for the further sum of twenty-five pounds ten shillings like lawful money of the said stale, by the said John Paulding paid into the treasury of the said state, the said commissioners by virtue of the powers and authorities in and

<» Military Repository, by Charles Smith. \> Burr's Mem. Vol. 1, 180.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 75

by the several acts to them given, hath by their deed bearing date on the 16th day of June, 1783, granted and sold unto the said John Paulding all that certain tract or parcel of land, situated in the manor of Corllandt, in said county of Westchester, and state aforesaid, now in possession of said John Paulding, and is commonly known by lot No. 14 in great lot No. 1, containing 100 acres. Also, another tract, part of farm No. 13, in great north lot No. 1, containtaining 21 acres. Also, another part of farm No. 13, in great lot No. 1, and is part of the land which Palatiah Haws purchased for Thomas Lee in Magragaria swamp, 10 acres. Also, another part of farm No. 15, a part of great north lot No. 1, 37 acres. ^

by the several acts to them given, hath by their deed bearing date on the 16th day of June, 1783, granted and sold unto the said John Paulding all that certain tract or parcel of land, situated in the manor of Corllandt, in said county of Westchester, and state aforesaid, now in possession of said John Paulding, and is commonly known by lot No. 14 in great lot No. 1, containing 100 acres. Also, another tract, part of farm No. 13, in great north lot No. 1, containtaining 21 acres. Also, another part of farm No. 13, in great lot No. 1, and is part of the land which Palatiah Haws purchased for Thomas Lee in Magragaria swamp, 10 acres. Also, another part of farm No. 15, a part of great north lot No. 1, 37 acres. ^

168 acres, 16 rods of land, appraised for . . JC529 10 0 Gratuity allowed by law . . . . . . 500 0 0

Excess from him received . . ; £2d 10 0

John Paulding died on the 18th of February, 1.8 IS. A fewminutes before the patriot expired, he called Dr. Fountain, (his medical attendant,) to the bed side, and thus addressed him : " Doctor, please tell all those who ask after me, that I die a true republican." Paulding's remains repose beneath a handsome monument in the Episcopal grave-yard, two miles north of the village.

Upon the north side of Gallows Hill, by the road side leading from Peekskill to Albany, is situated the *' Soldier's Spring," which derived its name from the foHowing tragical incident :

Fountain, (his medical attendant,) to the bed side, and thus addressed him : " Doctor, please tell all those who ask after me, that I die a true republican." Paulding's remains repose beneath a handsome monument in the Episcopal grave-yard, two miles north of the village.

Upon the north side of Gallows Hill, by the road side leading from Peekskill to Albany, is situated the *' Soldier's Spring," which derived its name from the foHowing tragical incident :

" The British, who were in possession of Stony Point, and whose shipping lay in the bay of Haverstraw, resolved upon landing a portion of their men on Yerplanck's Point, and from thence make a descent upon Peekskill. Their object in this expedition was to procure fresh provisions and to wake the energies of the Americans who were encamped in the village and in various places among the hills in its vicinity. In accordance with this resolve they effected a landing and proceeded without opposition to Drum Hill, an eminence which overlooks the village near its southern boundary. Here they commenced cannonading with two small field pieces which they had brought ■with them, while their light troops entered the village by another road higher up the river. The Americans unprepared, and withal too weak to resist so formidable a foe, were obliged after a short resistance to fly to the interior. Their enemies from the commanding points which they occupied, kept up a constant firing upon them as they sought the various avenues of retreat. It

Here they commenced cannonading with two small field pieces which they had brought ■with them, while their light troops entered the village by another road higher up the river. The Americans unprepared, and withal too weak to resist so formidable a foe, were obliged after a short resistance to fly to the interior. Their enemies from the commanding points which they occupied, kept up a constant firing upon them as they sought the various avenues of retreat. It

a County Clerk's Office, Abstract of Sales, p. 137.

76 HISTORY OF THE

was at this period when a soldier in his flight stopped for a moment to refresh himself at the spring. ^Yhile on his hands and knees in the act of drinking, a ball which struck on the eminence above him, glanced obliquely, and descending the road with rapid bounds, finished its course by shattering the thigh of the exhausted soldier, and burying itself in the ground beyond. Unable to move, he lay bleeding and in agony, until a wagon filled with provisions hastily collected by a bold and resolute man ere they left the scene of commotion passing by, he was perceived by those who followed after, who immediately picked him up and placed him thereon. They conveyed him as far as Fishkill village, 19 miles distant ; but loss of blood and the fatigue of his journey, prostrated the powers of nature ; and though he received surgical aid, survived but a few hours. "^

Two miles north of Peekskill is located the property and residence of General Pierre van Cortlandt, who derived his title to this portion of the ancient manor from his brother Gilbert, heir of his grand-aunt, Mrs. Gertrude Beeckman,

They conveyed him as far as Fishkill village, 19 miles distant ; but loss of blood and the fatigue of his journey, prostrated the powers of nature ; and though he received surgical aid, survived but a few hours. "^

Two miles north of Peekskill is located the property and residence of General Pierre van Cortlandt, who derived his title to this portion of the ancient manor from his brother Gilbert, heir of his grand-aunt, Mrs. Gertrude Beeckman,

The situation of the Van Cortlandt estate is very fine, covering, as it does, some of the most graceful undulations of a hilly district, diversified with the richest scenery.

The old brick mansion erected A. D. 1773, occupies a very sequestered and romantic spot on the north side of the post road, immediately above the vale of Annsville. At one period of the revolution it was occupied by the American] commander-in-chief ^ as head quarters. Here also the Van Cortlandt family for some time found a safe asylum amid surrounding desolation. The interior contains a valuable collection of family portraits, consisting of Catharine, first wife of Gen. Pierre van Cortlandt, eldest daughter of George Clinton, Vice-President of the United States, by Aimes ; General Pierre van Cortlandt, by Collins ; Ann Stevenson, second wife of General Pierre van Cortlandt, by Aimes ; Mrs. Magdalen Stevenson, mother of the above lady, by ditto j Nicholas Giiman, &c.

The bed rooms contain three curious pictures, of full length figures, representing John van Cortlandt as a boy. dressed in a long blue coat reaching to the knees, with large cuffs turned up to the elijows, knee breeches, scarlet stockings, high shoes and silver buckles ; his right hand rests on a stag. Pierre, (afa Weetchefcter and Putnam Republican, Aug. 1838.

Pierre van Cortlandt, eldest daughter of George Clinton, Vice-President of the United States, by Aimes ; General Pierre van Cortlandt, by Collins ; Ann Stevenson, second wife of General Pierre van Cortlandt, by Aimes ; Mrs. Magdalen Stevenson, mother of the above lady, by ditto j Nicholas Giiman, &c.

The bed rooms contain three curious pictures, of full length figures, representing John van Cortlandt as a boy. dressed in a long blue coat reaching to the knees, with large cuffs turned up to the elijows, knee breeches, scarlet stockings, high shoes and silver buckles ; his right hand rests on a stag. Pierre, (afa Weetchefcter and Putnam Republican, Aug. 1838.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. ^ 77

ter wards Lieutenant Governor,) in a scarlet coat, with white silk stockings ; a greyhound by his side, Abraham is depicted in a russet coat and red stockings, with high heeled shoes and buckles. These paintings are said to be over 115 years old. Besides the above, are portraits of George Clinton and lady, in crayons, by St. Menon Valdevieux.

Among the family silver, are two magnificent pitchers, inscribed as follows : --

Presented To General Pierre van Cortlandt, By the Directors of the Westchester County Bank, June, 1836. In this house General McDougal posted his advanced guard, when the British took possession of Peekskill, March, 1777. The following account of the subsequent engagement with the enerny, is extracted from the Connecticut Journal of April 2d, 1777:--

" Fishkill, March 27. -- Our post at Peek's-kill, since the removal of the militia of the eastern states has been, in a manner, in a defenceless situation, there being only part of two regiments stationed there, under the care of Gen. McDougal, amounting to about 250 men. The enemy having received intelligence of this, formed an expedition thither, with a view to take or destroy the stores belonging to the continentals, that were deposited there.

" Fishkill, March 27. -- Our post at Peek's-kill, since the removal of the militia of the eastern states has been, in a manner, in a defenceless situation, there being only part of two regiments stationed there, under the care of Gen. McDougal, amounting to about 250 men. The enemy having received intelligence of this, formed an expedition thither, with a view to take or destroy the stores belonging to the continentals, that were deposited there. Accordingly, on Sunday last they appeared with a frigate, four transports and several other small vessels in the bay, and landed about 1000 men, with several pieces of cannon.

" General McDougal not thinking it prudent to hazard a battle with such an unequal force, and not having reasonable advice of the enemy's movement, was under the necessity of destroying their stores in order to prevent their falling into their hands, and retired about two miles into the pass in the highlands, carrying with him his baggage and military stores, his advanced guard being stationed at Cortlandt's house in the valley. The enemy, the same day, took possession of the village, and remained close in their quarters until the next day in the afternoon, when a party of them, consisting of about 200 men, possessed themselves of a height a little south of Cortlandt's. The general having received a reinforcement from Col. Gansevoort's regiment, of about 80 men, under the command of Lieut. Col. Willet, permitted them to attempt to dispossess the enemy from that eminence. Col. Willet having accordingly made the necessary disposition, advanced with his small party with the greatest firmness and resolution, and made the attack. The enemy instantly f!ed with the greatest precipitation, leaving three men dead on the field, and the

The enemy, the same day, took possession of the village, and remained close in their quarters until the next day in the afternoon, when a party of them, consisting of about 200 men, possessed themselves of a height a little south of Cortlandt's. The general having received a reinforcement from Col. Gansevoort's regiment, of about 80 men, under the command of Lieut. Col. Willet, permitted them to attempt to dispossess the enemy from that eminence. Col. Willet having accordingly made the necessary disposition, advanced with his small party with the greatest firmness and resolution, and made the attack. The enemy instantly f!ed with the greatest precipitation, leaving three men dead on the field, and the

whole body, panic struck, betook themselves to their shipping, embarking under cover of the night ; and by the last accounts, they had sailed down the river. Before they embarked, they gave out they intended to stop at Tarrytown on their way down, and attempt to destroy our magazine of forage at Wright's mills. Upon their evacuating the place, Gen. McDougal took possession of his former quarters, and detached a party of men to watch their motions. The enemy on tliis occasion have been exceedingly disappointed, as they have not been able to carry off any stores left behind by our men, and no other flock than about forty sheep and eight or ten head of cattle, M'ith which they were supplied by our good friends the tories. Never did troops exhibit more firmness and resolution than did our army on this occasion. Notwithstanding the disparity of numbers was great, and the measure absolutely necessary, it was with the utmost reluctance they retired to the pass. As usual, these heroes of Britain have burnt some houses, plundered the inhabitants of what they could conveniently take with them, frightened the w^omen and children, and raised the spirits of their tory brethren in that quarter, but which, alas, as is always the case when unnaturally elevated, are now again proportionably depressed."

Notwithstanding the disparity of numbers was great, and the measure absolutely necessary, it was with the utmost reluctance they retired to the pass. As usual, these heroes of Britain have burnt some houses, plundered the inhabitants of what they could conveniently take with them, frightened the w^omen and children, and raised the spirits of their tory brethren in that quarter, but which, alas, as is always the case when unnaturally elevated, are now again proportionably depressed."

The old oak tree east of the Van Cortland t residence, served the purpose of a military whipping post.

Upon the summit of a high knoll, south east ot the Yan Cortlandt residence, stands the Episcopal Church of St. Peter's. This humble structure was erected A. D. 1767. The site and the adjoining grave-yard were the gift of the Johnson family.

St Pelcr'ri Church and ihe Tomb of I'aulding.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 79

In the possession of Mr. James Brown, of Peekskill, is the following indenture, bearing date 23d of March, 1750, between Andrew Johnson, of Perth Amboy, East Jersey, of the first part, and Caleb Hall, Joseph Travis and Palatiah Haws, of the second :

Wherein the former party for the value of £5, conveys to the latter a parcel of land lying at a place called Peekskill, being a part of lot No, 8, beginning at the north east corner of the second parcel of land lately purchased of Joseph Taylor, by north side ofCrumpond road, containing six acres, &c. : to have and to hold in trust for a school and burying place, and also for their executors and successors in trust, to the only proper use, benefit and behoof, and exercise of the public worship of God, and that it be for that purpose in the erecting and building of a meeting house or houses for the religious, (under the protection of our most gracious majesty,) either the Church of England, Presbyterian, Independents Baptists, or Congregational, &c. to erect and build a house for the religious exercise of the public worship of God, with a convenient yard thereto, for each or either of the above written denominations to them, the said Caleb Hall, &c., their heirs and successors, in trust for the neighborhood and inhabitants round about, from generation to generation for ever, and for no other use, purpose or intent whatsoever. a-

Wherein the former party for the value of £5, conveys to the latter a parcel of land lying at a place called Peekskill, being a part of lot No, 8, beginning at the north east corner of the second parcel of land lately purchased of Joseph Taylor, by north side ofCrumpond road, containing six acres, &c. : to have and to hold in trust for a school and burying place, and also for their executors and successors in trust, to the only proper use, benefit and behoof, and exercise of the public worship of God, and that it be for that purpose in the erecting and building of a meeting house or houses for the religious, (under the protection of our most gracious majesty,) either the Church of England, Presbyterian, Independents Baptists, or Congregational, &c. to erect and build a house for the religious exercise of the public worship of God, with a convenient yard thereto, for each or either of the above written denominations to them, the said Caleb Hall, &c., their heirs and successors, in trust for the neighborhood and inhabitants round about, from generation to generation for ever, and for no other use, purpose or intent whatsoever. a-

Colonel Beverly Robinson endowed the united parishes of St. Peter's, on Cortlandt's manor, and St. Phillips' on the Highlands, with a farm of two Inmdred acres. This property was subsequently sold under an order of the Court of Chancery, and equally divided between the two churches. Out of these funds (aided by a liberal grant from Trinity Church, New York, amounting to $1000) the present church was erected in Peekskill.

Colonel Beverly Robinson endowed the united parishes of St. Peter's, on Cortlandt's manor, and St. Phillips' on the Highlands, with a farm of two Inmdred acres. This property was subsequently sold under an order of the Court of Chancery, and equally divided between the two churches. Out of these funds (aided by a liberal grant from Trinity Church, New York, amounting to $1000) the present church was erected in Peekskill.

The following entry occurs in the bible belonging to this church, in possession of Isaac Seymour, Esq. : --

"The gift of Mrs. Susannah Robinson^ to St. Peter's Church at Peekskill, which church was, by the desire of Beverly Robinson, Esq., Messrs. Jeremiah Drake, Caleb Ward, Isaac Hatfield and Charles Moore, trustees, appointed by the subscribers to said church for directing and carrying on said building, and for securing it to the inhabitants as a place of public worship according to the establishment of the Church of England, on Sunday the 9tli of August, in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and sixtyseven, being the eighth Sunday after Trinity ; consecrated by the Rev. Doca Co. Rec. lib. H. 339.

b This lady was the daughter of the Hon. Frederick Philips.

80 HISTORY OF THE

tor John Ogilvie, of New York, for the service of the Holy Trinity, according to the rites and cerenaonies of the Church of England, as by law established, by the name of St. Peter's Church."

Upon the ISlh of August, 1770, the church received the following charter from His Excellency, Cadwallader Golden, Lieutenant-Governor of the Province.

Rec. lib. H. 339.

b This lady was the daughter of the Hon. Frederick Philips.

80 HISTORY OF THE

tor John Ogilvie, of New York, for the service of the Holy Trinity, according to the rites and cerenaonies of the Church of England, as by law established, by the name of St. Peter's Church."

Upon the ISlh of August, 1770, the church received the following charter from His Excellency, Cadwallader Golden, Lieutenant-Governor of the Province.

" George the Third, by the grace of God, of Great Britain, France and Ireland, King, Defender of the Faith, &c, to all to whom these presents shall come, greeting : Whereas, our loving subjects, Beverly Robinson, Charles Moore, Jeremiah Drake, Caleb Ward, John Johnson, Joshua Nelson, Thomas Davenport and Henry Purdy, on behalf of themselves and sundry inhabitants on the upper part of the manor of Cortlandt, and the lower part of Philips' Patent, in communion of the Church of England as by law established, by their humble petition, presented on the 21st day of March now last past, to our trusty and well beloved Cadwallader Colden, Esq., our Lieutenant-Governor and Commander-in-chief of our Province of New York and the territories depending thereon in America, in council did set forth that the petitioners have at a great expense and trouble erected a convenient house for a place of divine worship near Peekskill, to be according to the Church of England as by law established, and being very desirous of promoting the same, and settling a minister among them, did humbly conceive that if our said Lieutenant-Governor and Commander-in-chief would be pleased to take the matter into consideration, and to grant them a charter with such privileges, immunities and conditions as our said Lieutenant-Governor and Commander-in-chief should see fit, and that the said Beverly Robinson and Charles Moure may be appointed church wardens, and the said Jeremiah Drake, Caleb Ward, John Johnson, Joshua Nelson, Thomas Davenport and Henry Purdy, vestrymen, in the charter by the name of the church wardens and vestrymen of St.

" George the Third, by the grace of God, of Great Britain, France and Ireland, King, Defender of the Faith, &c, to all to whom these presents shall come, greeting : Whereas, our loving subjects, Beverly Robinson, Charles Moore, Jeremiah Drake, Caleb Ward, John Johnson, Joshua Nelson, Thomas Davenport and Henry Purdy, on behalf of themselves and sundry inhabitants on the upper part of the manor of Cortlandt, and the lower part of Philips' Patent, in communion of the Church of England as by law established, by their humble petition, presented on the 21st day of March now last past, to our trusty and well beloved Cadwallader Colden, Esq., our Lieutenant-Governor and Commander-in-chief of our Province of New York and the territories depending thereon in America, in council did set forth that the petitioners have at a great expense and trouble erected a convenient house for a place of divine worship near Peekskill, to be according to the Church of England as by law established, and being very desirous of promoting the same, and settling a minister among them, did humbly conceive that if our said Lieutenant-Governor and Commander-in-chief would be pleased to take the matter into consideration, and to grant them a charter with such privileges, immunities and conditions as our said Lieutenant-Governor and Commander-in-chief should see fit, and that the said Beverly Robinson and Charles Moure may be appointed church wardens, and the said Jeremiah Drake, Caleb Ward, John Johnson, Joshua Nelson, Thomas Davenport and Henry Purdy, vestrymen, in the charter by the name of the church wardens and vestrymen of St. Peter's Church, on the manor of Cortlandt, near Peekskill. Now, we being willing to encourage the pious intentions of our said loving subjects, and to grant this their reasonable request, know ye, that of our especial grace, certain knowledge and mere motion, we have ordained, given, granted and declared, and by these presents for us, our heirs and successors, do ordain, give, grant and declare that the said petitioners and such other person and persons and their successors for ever as now are or shall hereafter from time to time be, as well of the Church of England as by law established, as members of the congregation of the said church in the herein above recited petition called St.

Now, we being willing to encourage the pious intentions of our said loving subjects, and to grant this their reasonable request, know ye, that of our especial grace, certain knowledge and mere motion, we have ordained, given, granted and declared, and by these presents for us, our heirs and successors, do ordain, give, grant and declare that the said petitioners and such other person and persons and their successors for ever as now are or shall hereafter from time to time be, as well of the Church of England as by law established, as members of the congregation of the said church in the herein above recited petition called St. Peter's Church, on the manor of Cortlandt, near Peekskill, and also contributors to the support and maintenance of a minister of the Church of England as by law established, to officiate in the said church for the time being, shall, with the rector of the said Church of St. Peter's for the time being forever hereafter be one body corporate and politic in deed, fact and name, by the name, style and title of the rector and members

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 81

of St. Peter's Church, on the manor of Cortlandt, near Peekskill, and them and their successors by the same name. We do by these presents, for us. our heirs and successors, really and fully make, erect, create and constitute one body politic and corporate in deed, fact and name for ever, and will give, grant and ordain that they and their successors, the rector and members of St. Peter's Church, on the manor of Cortlandt, near Peekskill, by the same name shall and may have perpetual succession, and shall and may be capable in law to sue and be sued, implead and be impleaded, answer and be answered unto, defend and be defended in all courts and elsewhere in all manner of actions, suits, complaints, pleas, causes, matters and demands whatsoever, as fully and amply as any our liege subjects of our said province of New York may or can sue or be sued, implead or be impleaded, defend or be defended, by any lawful ways or means whatsoever ; and that they and their successors by the same name shall be forever hereafter capable and able in the law to purchase, take, hold, receive and enjoy any messuages, tenements, houses and real estate whatsoever in fee simple for term of life or lives, or in any other manner howsoever for the use of the said church ; and also any goods, chattels or personal estate whatsoever, provided always that the clear yearly value of the said real estate (exclusive of the said church and the ground whereon the same is built, and the cemetery belonging to the same) doth not at any time exceed the sum of one thousand pounds current money of our said province ; and that they and their successors by the same name shall have full power and authority to give, grant, sell, lease and dispose of the same real estate for life or lives, or years or forever, under certain yearly rents, and all goods, chattels and personal estate whatsoever at their will and pleasure, and that it shall and may be lawful for them and their successors to have and use a common seal ; and our will and pleasure further is, and we do hereby for us, our heirs and successors ordain and appoint that there shall be forever hereafter belonging to the said church, one rector of the Church of England as by law established, duly qualified for the cure of souls, two church wardens and six vestrymen, who shall conduct and manage the affairs and business of the said church and corporation in manner as hereafter is declared and appointed ; and for the more immediate carrying into execution our royal will and pleasure herein, we do hereby assign, constitute and appoint Beverly Robinson and Charles Moore to be the present church wardens, and Jeremiah Drake, Caleb Ward, John Johnson, Joshua Nelson, Thomas Davenport and Henry Purdy to be the present vestrymen of the said church, who shall hold, possess and enjoy their said respective offices until Tuesday in Easter week now next ensuing ; and for the keeping up the succession in the said offices, our royal will and pleasure is, and we do hereby establish, direct and require that on the said Tuesday in Easter week now next ensuing, and yearly and every year thereafter forever on Tuesday in Easter week in every year, the rector and members of St.

Peter's Church, on the manor of Cortlandt, near Peekskill, by the same name shall and may have perpetual succession, and shall and may be capable in law to sue and be sued, implead and be impleaded, answer and be answered unto, defend and be defended in all courts and elsewhere in all manner of actions, suits, complaints, pleas, causes, matters and demands whatsoever, as fully and amply as any our liege subjects of our said province of New York may or can sue or be sued, implead or be impleaded, defend or be defended, by any lawful ways or means whatsoever ; and that they and their successors by the same name shall be forever hereafter capable and able in the law to purchase, take, hold, receive and enjoy any messuages, tenements, houses and real estate whatsoever in fee simple for term of life or lives, or in any other manner howsoever for the use of the said church ; and also any goods, chattels or personal estate whatsoever, provided always that the clear yearly value of the said real estate (exclusive of the said church and the ground whereon the same is built, and the cemetery belonging to the same) doth not at any time exceed the sum of one thousand pounds current money of our said province ; and that they and their successors by the same name shall have full power and authority to give, grant, sell, lease and dispose of the same real estate for life or lives, or years or forever, under certain yearly rents, and all goods, chattels and personal estate whatsoever at their will and pleasure, and that it shall and may be lawful for them and their successors to have and use a common seal ; and our will and pleasure further is, and we do hereby for us, our heirs and successors ordain and appoint that there shall be forever hereafter belonging to the said church, one rector of the Church of England as by law established, duly qualified for the cure of souls, two church wardens and six vestrymen, who shall conduct and manage the affairs and business of the said church and corporation in manner as hereafter is declared and appointed ; and for the more immediate carrying into execution our royal will and pleasure herein, we do hereby assign, constitute and appoint Beverly Robinson and Charles Moore to be the present church wardens, and Jeremiah Drake, Caleb Ward, John Johnson, Joshua Nelson, Thomas Davenport and Henry Purdy to be the present vestrymen of the said church, who shall hold, possess and enjoy their said respective offices until Tuesday in Easter week now next ensuing ; and for the keeping up the succession in the said offices, our royal will and pleasure is, and we do hereby establish, direct and require that on the said Tuesday in Easter week now next ensuing, and yearly and every year thereafter forever on Tuesday in Easter week in every year, the rector and members of St.

Peter's Church, on the manor of Cortlandt, near Peekskill, shall meet at the said church, and there, by the majority of voices of such of them as shall so meetj

Vol. I. 11

S2 HISTORY OF THE

elect and choose two of their members to be church wardens, and six others of their members to be vestrymen of the said church for the ensuing year, which said church wardens and vestrymen so elected and chosen shall immediately enter upon their respective offices, and hold, exercise and enjoy the same respectively from the time of such elections for and during the space of one year, and until other fit persons shall be elected and chosen in their respective places ; and in case the church wardens or vestrymen, or either of them by these presents named and appointed, or who shall be hereafter elected and chosen by virtue of these presents, shall die before the time of their respective appointed services shall be expired, or refuse or neglect to act in the office for which he or they is or are herein nominated and appointed, or whereunto he or they shall or may be so elected and chosen, then our royal will and pleasure is, and we do hereby direct, ordain and require the rector and members of St. Peter's Church, on the manor of Cortlandt, near Peekskill, for the time being to meet at the said church, and choose other or others of their members in the place and stead of him or them so dying, or neglecting or refusing to act within thirty days next after such contingency, and in this case for the more due and orderly conducting the said elections, and to prevent any undue proceedings therein, we do hereby give full power and authority to and ordain and require that the rector and the said church wardens of the said church for the time being, or any two of them, shall appoint the time for such election and elections, and that the rector of the said church, or in his absence, one of the said church wardens for the time being, shall give public notice thereof by publishing the same at the said church immediately after divine service on the Sunday next preceding the day appointed for such elections, hereby giving and granting that such person or persons as shall be so chosen from time to time by the rector and members of St.

Peter's Church, on the manor of Cortlandt, near Peekskill, for the time being to meet at the said church, and choose other or others of their members in the place and stead of him or them so dying, or neglecting or refusing to act within thirty days next after such contingency, and in this case for the more due and orderly conducting the said elections, and to prevent any undue proceedings therein, we do hereby give full power and authority to and ordain and require that the rector and the said church wardens of the said church for the time being, or any two of them, shall appoint the time for such election and elections, and that the rector of the said church, or in his absence, one of the said church wardens for the time being, shall give public notice thereof by publishing the same at the said church immediately after divine service on the Sunday next preceding the day appointed for such elections, hereby giving and granting that such person or persons as shall be so chosen from time to time by the rector and members of St. Peter's Church, on the manor of Cortlandt, near Peekskill, or the majority of such of them as shall in such case meet in manner hereby directed, shal^ have, hold, exercise and enjoy such the office or offices to which he or they shall be elected and chosen, from the time of such elections until the Tuesday in Easter week thereon next ensuing, and until other or others be lawfully chosen in his or their place and stead as fully and amply as the person or persons in whose place he or they shall be chosen, might or could have done by virtue of these presents. And we do hereby will and direct that this method shall for ever hereafter be used for the filling up all vacancies that shall happen in either the said offices between the annual elections above directed, and our royal will and pleasure further is, and we do hereby, for us, our heirs and successors, give and grant that as well the church wardens and vestrymen in these presents nominated and appointed as such, as shall from time to time be hereafter elected and chosen, as is herein directed shall have and they are hereby invested with full power and authority to execute their several and respective offices in as full and ample manner as any church wardens or vestrymen in that part of our kingdom of Great Britain called England, or in this

And we do hereby will and direct that this method shall for ever hereafter be used for the filling up all vacancies that shall happen in either the said offices between the annual elections above directed, and our royal will and pleasure further is, and we do hereby, for us, our heirs and successors, give and grant that as well the church wardens and vestrymen in these presents nominated and appointed as such, as shall from time to time be hereafter elected and chosen, as is herein directed shall have and they are hereby invested with full power and authority to execute their several and respective offices in as full and ample manner as any church wardens or vestrymen in that part of our kingdom of Great Britain called England, or in this

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 83

our province of New York can or lawfully may execute their said respective ofnces ; and further our royal will and pleasure is, and we do, by these presents, for us, our heirs and successors, give, grant, ordain and appoint that the rector and the said church wardens of the said church for the time being, or any two of them, shall and may from time to time, as occasion shall require, summon and call together at such day and place as they shall think proper, the said rector, church wardens and vestrymen for the time being, to meet in vestry, giving them at the least one day's notice thereof, and we do hereby require them to meet accordingly. And we do hereby give, grant, and ordain that the said rector and one of the said church wardens for the time being at least, together with the majority of the said vestrymen of the said church for the time being, being met in vestry as above directed, shall forever hereafter have, and they are hereby invested with full power and authority by the majority of their voices, to do and execute in the name of the rector and members of St.

And we do hereby give, grant, and ordain that the said rector and one of the said church wardens for the time being at least, together with the majority of the said vestrymen of the said church for the time being, being met in vestry as above directed, shall forever hereafter have, and they are hereby invested with full power and authority by the majority of their voices, to do and execute in the name of the rector and members of St. Peter's Church, on the manor of Cortlandt, near Peekskill, all and singular the powers and authorities herein before given and granted to the said rector and members of St. Peter's Church, on the manor of Cortlandt, near Peekskill, any wise touching or relating to such lands, messuages and tenements, real and personal estate whatsoever, as they the said rector and members of said church on the manor of Cortlandt, near Peekskill, shall or may acquire, for the use of the said church, and also in like manner to order, direct, manage and transact the general interest, business, and affairs of our said corporation, and also shall have full power and authority in like manner to make and ordain such rules, orders, and ordinances as they shall judge convenient for the good government and discipline of the members of the said church ; provided such rules, orders and ordinances be not repugnant to the laws of that part of our kingdom of Great Britain called England, or of this our province of New York, but as or may be agreeable thereto, and that the same be fairly entered in a book or books to be kept for that purpose, and also in like manner to appoint the form of the common seal herein before granted, and the same to alter, break, and re-make at their discretion, -and also in like manner to appoint such officer or officers as they shall stand in need of, always provided that the rector of the said church for the time being shall have the sole power of nominating and appointing the clerk to assist him in performing divine service, as also the sexton, anything herein before contained to the contrary in any wise notwithstanding, which clerk and sexton shall hold and enjoy iheir respective offices during the will and pleasure of the rector of the said church for the time being.

Peter's Church, on the manor of Cortlandt, near Peekskill, any wise touching or relating to such lands, messuages and tenements, real and personal estate whatsoever, as they the said rector and members of said church on the manor of Cortlandt, near Peekskill, shall or may acquire, for the use of the said church, and also in like manner to order, direct, manage and transact the general interest, business, and affairs of our said corporation, and also shall have full power and authority in like manner to make and ordain such rules, orders, and ordinances as they shall judge convenient for the good government and discipline of the members of the said church ; provided such rules, orders and ordinances be not repugnant to the laws of that part of our kingdom of Great Britain called England, or of this our province of New York, but as or may be agreeable thereto, and that the same be fairly entered in a book or books to be kept for that purpose, and also in like manner to appoint the form of the common seal herein before granted, and the same to alter, break, and re-make at their discretion, -and also in like manner to appoint such officer or officers as they shall stand in need of, always provided that the rector of the said church for the time being shall have the sole power of nominating and appointing the clerk to assist him in performing divine service, as also the sexton, anything herein before contained to the contrary in any wise notwithstanding, which clerk and sexton shall hold and enjoy iheir respective offices during the will and pleasure of the rector of the said church for the time being. And whereas there hath not yet been any minister presented or inducted to the said church, our royal will and pleasure therefore is, that until the said church shall be supplied with a minister of the church of England, as by law established, as is herein after mentioned, and also in case of every avoidance of the said church thereafter, either by the death of the rector thereof or otherwise, that the powers and authorities vested in the rector, church wardens and vestrymen in veslrv, met as above meng4 HISTORY OF THE

And whereas there hath not yet been any minister presented or inducted to the said church, our royal will and pleasure therefore is, that until the said church shall be supplied with a minister of the church of England, as by law established, as is herein after mentioned, and also in case of every avoidance of the said church thereafter, either by the death of the rector thereof or otherwise, that the powers and authorities vested in the rector, church wardens and vestrymen in veslrv, met as above meng4 HISTORY OF THE

tioned, shall, until the said church be legally supplied with another incumbent, vest in and be executed bj- the church wardens of the said church for the time beinc^ together with the vestrymen of the said church for the time being, by the name of the church wardens and vestrymen of St. Peter's Church, on the manor of Cortlandt, near Peekskill ; provided always, the concurrence and consent of the major number of the whole vestrymen of the said church for the time being be had in every thing that shall in such cases be done by virtue hereof, and we do by these presents, for us, our heirs and successors, give and grant that the patronage and advowson of the said church, and the right of presentation thereto, shall forever hereafter belong to and appertain, and is hereby vested in the church wardens and vestrymen of the said church for the time being, or the majority of them, forever, whereof one church warden shall always be one. And further we do by these presents, for us, our heirs and successors, give and grant unto the rector and members of St. Peter's Church, on the manor of Cortlandt, near Peekskill, and their successors forever, that this our present grant shall be deemed, adjudged and construed in all cases most favorably, and for the best benefit and advantage of the said rector and members of St.

Peter's Church, on the manor of Cortlandt, near Peekskill ; provided always, the concurrence and consent of the major number of the whole vestrymen of the said church for the time being be had in every thing that shall in such cases be done by virtue hereof, and we do by these presents, for us, our heirs and successors, give and grant that the patronage and advowson of the said church, and the right of presentation thereto, shall forever hereafter belong to and appertain, and is hereby vested in the church wardens and vestrymen of the said church for the time being, or the majority of them, forever, whereof one church warden shall always be one. And further we do by these presents, for us, our heirs and successors, give and grant unto the rector and members of St. Peter's Church, on the manor of Cortlandt, near Peekskill, and their successors forever, that this our present grant shall be deemed, adjudged and construed in all cases most favorably, and for the best benefit and advantage of the said rector and members of St. Peter's Church, on the manor of Cortlandt, near Peekskill, and that this our present grant being entered on record, as is herein after particularly expressed, shall be good and effectual in the law to all intents, constructions and purposes whatsoever, against us, our heirs and successors, according to the true intent and meaning herein before declared, notwithstanding the not reciting, or mis-recital, not naming, or mis-naming of any the aforesaid franchises, privileges, immunities, offices, or other the premises or any of them, and although no writ of ad quod damnum or other writs inquisitors or penalties hath or have been, upon this account, had, made, issued, or prosecuted, to have and to hold, all and singular, the privileges, liberties, advantages, and immunities hereby granted or meant, mentioned or intended so to be, unto them the said rector and members of St.

Peter's Church, on the manor of Cortlandt, near Peekskill, and that this our present grant being entered on record, as is herein after particularly expressed, shall be good and effectual in the law to all intents, constructions and purposes whatsoever, against us, our heirs and successors, according to the true intent and meaning herein before declared, notwithstanding the not reciting, or mis-recital, not naming, or mis-naming of any the aforesaid franchises, privileges, immunities, offices, or other the premises or any of them, and although no writ of ad quod damnum or other writs inquisitors or penalties hath or have been, upon this account, had, made, issued, or prosecuted, to have and to hold, all and singular, the privileges, liberties, advantages, and immunities hereby granted or meant, mentioned or intended so to be, unto them the said rector and members of St. Peter's Church, on the manor of Cortlandt, near Peekskill, and to their successors forever. In testimony whereof we ha^e caused these our letters to be made patent, and the great seal of our said province to be hereunto affixed, and the same to be entered on record in our secretary's office in our city of New York, in one of the books of patents there remaining. Witness our said trusty and well beloved Cadwallader Colden, Esq., our said lieutenant governor, and commander-in-chief of our said province of New York, and the territories depending thereon, in America, at our fort in our city of New York, by and with the advice and consent of our council for our said province, the 18th day of August, in the year of our Lord, 1770, and of our reign the 10th. "^

In testimony whereof we ha^e caused these our letters to be made patent, and the great seal of our said province to be hereunto affixed, and the same to be entered on record in our secretary's office in our city of New York, in one of the books of patents there remaining. Witness our said trusty and well beloved Cadwallader Colden, Esq., our said lieutenant governor, and commander-in-chief of our said province of New York, and the territories depending thereon, in America, at our fort in our city of New York, by and with the advice and consent of our council for our said province, the 18th day of August, in the year of our Lord, 1770, and of our reign the 10th. "^

The following year Governor Tryon granted a special charter, in virtue whereof, the trustees held a certain glebe of 200 acres of

* Albany Book of Patents.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 85

land, given by Col. Beverly Robinson, for the use of the rector, officiating one half his time at St. Philip's in the Highlands.

The first incor})oration of this church subsequent to the revolution took place 26th of April, 1791, under the style and title of the corporation of St. Peter's Church, Peekskill, and St Philip's Chapel in the Highlands. Joshua Nelson, Richard Arunde]l,Silvanus Haight, James Spock, Jarvis Dusenberry, vestry of St. Peter's Church, Peekskill. First trustees, William Ward, Caleb Ward, James Spock, Silvanus Haight, Caleb Morgan, Joshua Nelson, Richard Arundell, Jarvis Dusenberry. Signed 16th December,

Philip's in the Highlands.

The first incor})oration of this church subsequent to the revolution took place 26th of April, 1791, under the style and title of the corporation of St. Peter's Church, Peekskill, and St Philip's Chapel in the Highlands. Joshua Nelson, Richard Arunde]l,Silvanus Haight, James Spock, Jarvis Dusenberry, vestry of St. Peter's Church, Peekskill. First trustees, William Ward, Caleb Ward, James Spock, Silvanus Haight, Caleb Morgan, Joshua Nelson, Richard Arundell, Jarvis Dusenberry. Signed 16th December,

1791.a

In 1793, William Denning and Pierre van Cortlandt were elected wardens. . . - , ... . , •■ - •, '

William Denning and Jarvis Dusenberry were the first delegates from this parish to the Diocesan Convention in 1791.

List of Ministers and Rectors. .' ■ .

Instituted or Ministers and Rectors. ' ' Patrons. vacated by

elected. - '"

A. D. 1771, Rev. John Doty, Clericus, warder

1792, Rev. Andrew Fowler, A. B. Presb.

1796, Rev. Samuel Haskell, Presb.

1807, Rev, Joseph Warren, Presb.

1815, Rev. Adam Empie, Presb.

1816, Rev. Peter Ten Broeck, Presb. 1818, Rev. John Urquehart, Presb. 1830, Rev. Edward J. Ives, 1834, Rev. James Sunderland, Presb. 1838, Rev. Wjlliam C. Cooley, Presb. 1840, Rev. Moses Marcus, A. M. Presb.

June, 1843, Rev. William Barlow, Presb.

Notitia Parochialis. . .

1807, baptisms 19, communicants 10, marriages 5.

1847, ditto 40,

If the members of St. Peter's Parish value this church as an in-

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Peter Ten Broeck, Presb. 1818, Rev. John Urquehart, Presb. 1830, Rev. Edward J. Ives, 1834, Rev. James Sunderland, Presb. 1838, Rev. Wjlliam C. Cooley, Presb. 1840, Rev. Moses Marcus, A. M. Presb.

June, 1843, Rev. William Barlow, Presb.

Notitia Parochialis. . .

1807, baptisms 19, communicants 10, marriages 5.

1847, ditto 40,

If the members of St. Peter's Parish value this church as an in-

■.. a Religious fSoc. I-ib. A. 26.

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85. HISTORY OF THE

terestino- relic of the past, some speedy means should be taken to preserve it ; otherwise it will soon perish.

The church yard which is extensive, contains several memorials to the Penoyers, Wards, Drakes. Ferris's, &c., <fec. The oldest interment appears to have been Mary, wife of John Ward, who died on the 15th of September, 1765, in the 69th year of her

age.

One of the tomb stones is inscribed with the following expressive sentence :

" Eternity hoio long /"

There is also a small enclosure belonging to the Birdsall

family.

On the west side of the grave yard is situated the monument of John Paulding.

The following is the report of the select committee, appointed in pursuance of a resolution of the board, ^ passed the 4th day of December, 18:^6, during the mayoralty of the Honorable Philip Hone directing a monument to be erected to the memory of John Paulding, one of the captors of the British spy, Andre.

There is also a small enclosure belonging to the Birdsall

family.

On the west side of the grave yard is situated the monument of John Paulding.

The following is the report of the select committee, appointed in pursuance of a resolution of the board, ^ passed the 4th day of December, 18:^6, during the mayoralty of the Honorable Philip Hone directing a monument to be erected to the memory of John Paulding, one of the captors of the British spy, Andre.

Your committee engaged Messrs. Francis and James Kain, to erect a monument of white marble, the materials of which were procured from their quarry, in the county of Westchester. It is of the most simple form, consisting of a pedestal, surmounted by a cone, showing an elevation of thirteen feet ; the whole composed of the most massive materials, and fastened with iron cramps in such a manner as to resist the severity of the climate for ages to come.

The base of the monument covers a square of seven feet, surrounded by an iron railing, four feet in height, and two feet seven inches distant, inserted in a marble coping fourteen inches broad, comprehending a square of twelve feet two inches.

One side of the monument exhibits a fac-simile of the face of the medal, voted by the Congress of the United States to each of the captors of Andre, on the third day of November, seventeen hundred and eighty ; the other of its reverse, both carved in basrelief.

The base of the monument covers a square of seven feet, surrounded by an iron railing, four feet in height, and two feet seven inches distant, inserted in a marble coping fourteen inches broad, comprehending a square of twelve feet two inches.

One side of the monument exhibits a fac-simile of the face of the medal, voted by the Congress of the United States to each of the captors of Andre, on the third day of November, seventeen hundred and eighty ; the other of its reverse, both carved in basrelief.

a Board of common council. ■-

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 87

Oil the front of the pedestal is the following inscription :

Here repose the mortal remains of

John Paulding,

who died on the 18th day of February, 1818,

in the 60th year of his age.

On the morning of the 23d of September, 1780,

Accompanied by two young Farmers of the Co. of Westchester,

(Whose names will one day be recorded

On their own deserved monuments,) He intercepted the British spy, Andre: - , ,' Poor Himself

■ ■ . He disdained to acquire wealth by the sacrifice of .

> • . HIS COUNTRY. __- -'

^- ■' ' Rejecting the temptation of great rewards

He conveyed his prisoner to the American camp; ^ . ; . ■ -. - • And - , / . .< . ■

. ;. By this act of noble self denial, ■ - • • -■ -

The treason of Arnold was detected, . '

■ ■ . He disdained to acquire wealth by the sacrifice of .

> • . HIS COUNTRY. __- -'

^- ■' ' Rejecting the temptation of great rewards

He conveyed his prisoner to the American camp; ^ . ; . ■ -. - • And - , / . .< . ■

. ;. By this act of noble self denial, ■ - • • -■ -

The treason of Arnold was detected, . '

The designs of the enemy baffled ; _ ■ \

West Point and the American Army saved ; '": . '- And these United States, Now by the Grace of God Free and Independent, Rescued from most imminent peril.

The fourth side of the pedestal bears the following inscription

THE CORPORATION

Of the City of New York, Erected this Tomb, As a memorial Sacred to ; PUBLIC GRATITUDE.

S8 HISTORY OF THE

The whole beiug completed with the exception of placing the cone on the pedestal, on the morning of the twenty-second of November, eighteen hundred and twenty-seven, the corporation proceeded in the steamboat Sandusky, to Peekskill, where they arrived at one o'clock, and were met by the Committee of Arrangements,^ and a large concourse of the inhabitants of Westchester County, who had come to assist in the last honors, to the memory of their fellow citizen. Amon^ them were many aged and venerable men, who passed through the perils of the revolution and shared its dangers with the deceased.

A procession was formed to the church yard, where the monument stands, about two and a half miles from the village of Peekskill, and the column being lowered to its place on the pedestal, William Paulding, mayor of the city of New York, addressed the assembled citizens as follows :

The whole beiug completed with the exception of placing the cone on the pedestal, on the morning of the twenty-second of November, eighteen hundred and twenty-seven, the corporation proceeded in the steamboat Sandusky, to Peekskill, where they arrived at one o'clock, and were met by the Committee of Arrangements,^ and a large concourse of the inhabitants of Westchester County, who had come to assist in the last honors, to the memory of their fellow citizen. Amon^ them were many aged and venerable men, who passed through the perils of the revolution and shared its dangers with the deceased.

A procession was formed to the church yard, where the monument stands, about two and a half miles from the village of Peekskill, and the column being lowered to its place on the pedestal, William Paulding, mayor of the city of New York, addressed the assembled citizens as follows :

My Friends : -- History bears testimony to the importance of the act we are here assembled to commemorate. The capture of Andre, while it prevented the most fatal disasters, and led to the most signal results, afforded at the same time a memorable example of the fidelity and patriotism of the yeomanry of these United States. As such it has always been viewed, and will appear in the eyes of posterity one of the most honorable achievements of our great revolutionary struggle.

It was in the year seventeen hundred and eighty.

There is not an aged man here present, but must remember that gloomy and disastrous period, when, if ever, the freedom of our country was almost a desperate hope. The money, the credit, the men, the means, and I may almost say, the sentiment necessary for continuing the great contest, were either quite exhausted, or fast melting away.

As such it has always been viewed, and will appear in the eyes of posterity one of the most honorable achievements of our great revolutionary struggle.

It was in the year seventeen hundred and eighty.

There is not an aged man here present, but must remember that gloomy and disastrous period, when, if ever, the freedom of our country was almost a desperate hope. The money, the credit, the men, the means, and I may almost say, the sentiment necessary for continuing the great contest, were either quite exhausted, or fast melting away.

Hardship, ill success, and a miserable scarcity of every necessary of life, had checked present exertion, and produced almost a hopelessness of the future. Our little army, the last reliance of the country, was cooped up at West Point, almost the last refuge of liberty remaining. Had that army, with its illustrious commander, been treacherously surrendered, and that strong-hold given up to the enemy, the communication between Canada and New York, then in his possession, would have been open -- the North and the South could no longer have co-operated with each other -- the spirit of our people had been broken -- the last stay of freedom destroyed, and the last ray of hope perhaps

a Generals Pierre van Cortlandt and Philip van Cortlandt, Daniel W. Birdsall, St. John Constant, Ward B. Howard, Benjamin Dyckman, Doctor Peter Goetchius, James Mandeville, and Doctor Samuel Strang.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 89

extinguished. What the final issue might have been, God only knows ; but we all know, the consequences would have shaken our good cause to its foundation. A plan for this purpose was agitated -- matured -- almost consummated by the treason of Arnold. To you it is not necessary to detail the particulars of this infamous and dangerous project, so familiar to the memory and hearts of our people.

Howard, Benjamin Dyckman, Doctor Peter Goetchius, James Mandeville, and Doctor Samuel Strang.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 89

extinguished. What the final issue might have been, God only knows ; but we all know, the consequences would have shaken our good cause to its foundation. A plan for this purpose was agitated -- matured -- almost consummated by the treason of Arnold. To you it is not necessary to detail the particulars of this infamous and dangerous project, so familiar to the memory and hearts of our people. I see among you many venerable and aged men who bore a part in the struggle, and shared in the hardships, anxieties, dangers and sufferings of those dismal times. I see at the head of these, a faithful and gallant officer, still happily and honorably surviving to enjoy that invaluable freedom which his own efforts contributed to secure. =^ I see too, among them, one who was him.self a companion and sharer in the virtuous act by which these imminent dangers were averted. b

If you wish for the story of this high achievement of honest, unpretending patriotism, ask it of him. He will tell it in such a way, as shall neither wrong the living or the dead. He will tell you of the capture of Andre, who from a spy, was elevated by a false estimate and a mistaken sympathy, into a hero and a martyr -- of the temptations which had corrupted the second man in the nation's estimation, being rejected by the sons of the farmers of Westchester-- of the delivery of the spy into the hands of the great good man of the ags -- of modern times -- of all times whatever, and of their receiving his glorious approbation -- of the applauses of the nation -- and the thanks of that most illustrious body, the old Congress of the United States -- the noblest reward which was ever bestowed on a private citizen.

He will tell you of the capture of Andre, who from a spy, was elevated by a false estimate and a mistaken sympathy, into a hero and a martyr -- of the temptations which had corrupted the second man in the nation's estimation, being rejected by the sons of the farmers of Westchester-- of the delivery of the spy into the hands of the great good man of the ags -- of modern times -- of all times whatever, and of their receiving his glorious approbation -- of the applauses of the nation -- and the thanks of that most illustrious body, the old Congress of the United States -- the noblest reward which was ever bestowed on a private citizen. Lastly, my friends, he will tell you what a source of honest pride -- of heart-felt pleasure -- of unutterable happiness has it been to him, and will be to the last hour of his life, the reflection that he did his duty to his country in her hour of peril.

My Friends : -- The man to whose mouldering remains and imperishable memory we are now paying the last honours, was born and brought up among us. Like many now present, he was the son of a plain country farmer, who cultivated his own fields with his own hands ; and he received such an education only, as is now within the reach of every honest man's son in these United States. He had nothing to boast of but a vigorous, active, well-proportioned frame, a daring spirit, and an honest heart. His means and opportunities were only such as you all enjoy ; and his example furnishes a lesson to you all, of what every one of you is capable of becoming, when the hour of danger arrives, and our country requires the aid of a virtuous patriotism.

Like many now present, he was the son of a plain country farmer, who cultivated his own fields with his own hands ; and he received such an education only, as is now within the reach of every honest man's son in these United States. He had nothing to boast of but a vigorous, active, well-proportioned frame, a daring spirit, and an honest heart. His means and opportunities were only such as you all enjoy ; and his example furnishes a lesson to you all, of what every one of you is capable of becoming, when the hour of danger arrives, and our country requires the aid of a virtuous patriotism. He is most peculiarly an example to you and yours. He belongs forever to the yeomanry of the United States, a class of men always honest and patriotic -- always ready to defend that soil in whose products they share so liberally, and those rights in which they so amply participate. Bear then in mind, my friends, and impress it on the hearts of your chil-

^ General Philip van Cortlandt. i> Isaac van Wart.

Vol. I. 12

90 HISTORY OF THE

dren, and upon all that shall nestle in old age under your withered branches, that as all are equally called upon to protect and defend their country, so there is not one of them all but may one day be placed in a situation like John PauldinfT, to confer a lasting benefit on his country, and like him, to merit and receive the highest and noblest of all earthly recompenses -- the thanks and gratitude of his countrymen.

dren, and upon all that shall nestle in old age under your withered branches, that as all are equally called upon to protect and defend their country, so there is not one of them all but may one day be placed in a situation like John PauldinfT, to confer a lasting benefit on his country, and like him, to merit and receive the highest and noblest of all earthly recompenses -- the thanks and gratitude of his countrymen.

The assembly then separated, deeply impressed with the ceremony and ths occasion.

All which is respectfully submitted.

Abrm. M. Valentine, John Agnew, John Lozier, Gideon Ostrander, Jameson Cox.

The Baptist burying gronnd is situated north of the Episcopal yard. Here is a memorial to Caleb Hall, who died October 1st, 1791, aged 91 years, beside other monuments.

The village of Annsville, in this town, is delightfully situated near the niouth of the Peekskill creek, one mile north of the village of Peekskill.

This place formed a part of the Indian territory of Wishqua. Here also was an Indian settlement. Upon the survey of the manor of Corllandt, Annsville and lands adjoining constituted a portion of lot INo. 10, the river portion of Mrs. Gertrude Beeckman, daughter and devisee of Stephanus van Cortlandt.

Here are situated an extensive snuff factory, and a wire factory, both propelled by water power ; also about 20 dwellings.

The scenery of the Peekskill creek is remarkably rich and diversified.

1'his stream rises 14 miles north of Annsville, in the town of Kent, Putnam County ; south-west of Annsville, it receives the waters of the Canopus, (Sprout creek,) a current of water which derives its source from Horton's lake, called by the Indians the " Fire-fly lake," a name derived from that beautiful insect whose bright phosphorescence illumines the dark woods of a summer's evening.

The scenery of the Peekskill creek is remarkably rich and diversified.

1'his stream rises 14 miles north of Annsville, in the town of Kent, Putnam County ; south-west of Annsville, it receives the waters of the Canopus, (Sprout creek,) a current of water which derives its source from Horton's lake, called by the Indians the " Fire-fly lake," a name derived from that beautiful insect whose bright phosphorescence illumines the dark woods of a summer's evening. The Indian children of the West have the following ex^ quisite chant to this flitting, white fire insect, as they denominate it :

" Fire- fly, fire-fly ! bright little thing; Bright little fairy-bug, night's little king."

Schoolcraft'' s Oneota.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 91

Near the banks of the Canopus, or Peekskill hollow, is situated the site of the old Continental village, which once contained barracks for 2,000 men. The following account of its destruction is given in the dispatches of Gen. Sir William Howe to Sir Henry Clinton, dated Fort Montgomery, October 9, 1777:

" The little army consisting of about 3.000 men arrived off Verplanck's Point, preceded by the gallies under the command of ^Sir .Tames Wallace. On our appearance the enemy retired without firing a shot, leaving a 12 pounder behind them: and Sir James moved up to Peekskill creek to mark the only communication they had across the river on this side the Highlands.

" P.S. -- Major Gen. Tryon was detached this morning with Emmerick's chasseurs, 50 yagers, the royal fusiliers and regiment of Trumback, with a three-pounder to destroy the rebel settlement called the Continental village^ has just returned and reported to me, that he has burned the barrack for 1500 men, several store houses and loaded wagons. I need not point out to your excellency the consequence of destroying this post, as it was the only establishment of the rebels on that part of the Highlands, and the place from whence any body of troops drew their supplies.''^

Tryon was detached this morning with Emmerick's chasseurs, 50 yagers, the royal fusiliers and regiment of Trumback, with a three-pounder to destroy the rebel settlement called the Continental village^ has just returned and reported to me, that he has burned the barrack for 1500 men, several store houses and loaded wagons. I need not point out to your excellency the consequence of destroying this post, as it was the only establishment of the rebels on that part of the Highlands, and the place from whence any body of troops drew their supplies.''^

The Cortlandt bridge crosses the mouth of the Peekskill creek near Annsville, on the road leading to Roa or Rahway Hook. The total length of this bridge, which is built of wood, is fourteen hundred and ninety-six feet. Upon the highest ground of Rahway Hook stands " Fort Independence Hotel," lately erected by Col, Pierre van Cortlandt. From its elevated position this spot commands a most extensive prospect of the Hudson River and adjacent country. To the north rise the mnjestic Highlands, on the west the race and towering Dunderbarrack. To the south the waters of the Peekskill bay resemble a vast lake bounded by the mountains of Rockland and Stony and Verplanck's Points, while on the east appears the village of Peekskill and the Cortlandt hills. The proximity of this place to the city, and the unequalled facilities of communication by steamboat, renders this

"^ Supplement to H. Gaines' Military Gazette, Feb. 9, 1778, No. 1372,

92 HISTORY OF THE

To the north rise the mnjestic Highlands, on the west the race and towering Dunderbarrack. To the south the waters of the Peekskill bay resemble a vast lake bounded by the mountains of Rockland and Stony and Verplanck's Points, while on the east appears the village of Peekskill and the Cortlandt hills. The proximity of this place to the city, and the unequalled facilities of communication by steamboat, renders this

"^ Supplement to H. Gaines' Military Gazette, Feb. 9, 1778, No. 1372,

92 HISTORY OF THE

hotel one of the most desirable residences in summer for families or individuals to be found on the banks of the Hudson. In the rear of the hotel are situated the remains of Fort Independence, whose history is so inseparably interwoven with the stirring events of the Revolution. A small portion of its embankments and trenches are yet to be discerned. The whole is shaded by a luxuriant grove of native pines. The solitude of this delightful spot is occasionally disturbed by the moaning of the wind amid the trees,

And hark ! as it comes sighing through the grove, The exhausted gale a spirit there awakes, That wild and melancholy music makes.

Circuitous paths lead to the landing, while the table land to the east is heavily bordered with the ash, maple, cedar and towering oak.

The hotel is under the management of Mr. Y. Truesdale.

Hudson, the discoverer of the North River, appears to have been much struck with the first sight of this high and mountainous region.

And hark ! as it comes sighing through the grove, The exhausted gale a spirit there awakes, That wild and melancholy music makes.

Circuitous paths lead to the landing, while the table land to the east is heavily bordered with the ash, maple, cedar and towering oak.

The hotel is under the management of Mr. Y. Truesdale.

Hudson, the discoverer of the North River, appears to have been much struck with the first sight of this high and mountainous region.

"It appears from his journal," says Moulton, "that he was not inattentive to the rapid and astonishing elevation of a district of country which, in the course of less than sixty miles, increases from a few feet above the water level* to the lofty height of fifteen hundred feet.'' Sailing leisurely, he had full opportunity to contrast the appearances of the opposite shores. On the left he had the sublime prospect of the pallisado rocks, whose dark columnar front, like a towering battlement, witli here and there a projection like the salient angle of a bastion, presented perpendicular elevations from three to five hundred feet, and, ranging more than thirty miles uninterrupted, (except by the valley of the Nyack,) it at last exhibited an altitude of nearly seven hundred feet,<= and then vanished from his sight on the remote, but still more elevated range of the High Tourn and Tourn Mountains. On the right he beheld a comparatively low but undulating border, which, in the luxuriance of autumnal foliage, afforded a striking contrast and a pleasing relief as he turned from the sublimity and barrenness of the opposite cliffs. Onward he perceived the river in its first course of thirty miles, very gradually widening until it suddenly presented the broad expanse of a bay (' Tappaanse Zee.') Then

On the left he had the sublime prospect of the pallisado rocks, whose dark columnar front, like a towering battlement, witli here and there a projection like the salient angle of a bastion, presented perpendicular elevations from three to five hundred feet, and, ranging more than thirty miles uninterrupted, (except by the valley of the Nyack,) it at last exhibited an altitude of nearly seven hundred feet,<= and then vanished from his sight on the remote, but still more elevated range of the High Tourn and Tourn Mountains. On the right he beheld a comparatively low but undulating border, which, in the luxuriance of autumnal foliage, afforded a striking contrast and a pleasing relief as he turned from the sublimity and barrenness of the opposite cliffs. Onward he perceived the river in its first course of thirty miles, very gradually widening until it suddenly presented the broad expanse of a bay (' Tappaanse Zee.') Then

» At Bergen Point.

b At the head of the Highlands.

e South peak of Vredidcka Hook.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 93

as he passed into another, (Haverstraw,) and viewed the insuperable barriers of mountains that lay before him, he considered his discovery terminated, until, in searching for a passage, he found one which proved to be the continuation of a river, now serpentining in its course, deepening and narrowing, until it brought him to ' where the land grew very high and mountainous.' Here he anchored for the ensuing night. a This was directly opposite West Point."

as he passed into another, (Haverstraw,) and viewed the insuperable barriers of mountains that lay before him, he considered his discovery terminated, until, in searching for a passage, he found one which proved to be the continuation of a river, now serpentining in its course, deepening and narrowing, until it brought him to ' where the land grew very high and mountainous.' Here he anchored for the ensuing night. a This was directly opposite West Point."

Diirino^ the revolutionary war two British vessels were sunk in the race directly opposite Fort. Independence. Abont thirty years since, several cannon were raised from these vessels by the aid of the diving bell.

f In the northwest corner of Cortlandtown is situated '' Antonie's Neus," or St. Anthony's Nose, a well known peak of the Highlands.

General Van Cortlandt, the present proprietor of the Nose, gives the following origin of that name : --

" Before the Revolution a vessel was passing up the river under the command of a Capt. Hogans. When immediately opposite this mountain, the mate looked rather quizzically, first at the mountain and then at the captain's nose. The captain, by the way, had an enormous nose, which was not unfrequently the subject of good natured remark ; and he at once understood the mate's allusion. ' What,' says the captain, 'does that look like my nose? -- call it then, if you please, Antony's Nose.' The story was repeated on shore, and the mountain thenceforward assumed the name, and has thus become an everlasting monument to the memory of the redoubtable Capt. Antony Hogans and his nose.'"iJ

The captain, by the way, had an enormous nose, which was not unfrequently the subject of good natured remark ; and he at once understood the mate's allusion. ' What,' says the captain, 'does that look like my nose? -- call it then, if you please, Antony's Nose.' The story was repeated on shore, and the mountain thenceforward assumed the name, and has thus become an everlasting monument to the memory of the redoubtable Capt. Antony Hogans and his nose.'"iJ

The elevation of Antony's Nose is one thousand two hundred and twenty eight feet from the level of the river, and directly opposite Fort Montgomery Creek. From here to Fort Montgomery, which is now in ruins on the opposite side, a large boom and chain was extended during the revolutionary war, which cost about seventy thousand pounds sterling. It was partly destroyed by Gen. Sir Henry Clinton in October, 1777."

a Moulton's Hist. N. Y., 2.38-39.

b See Washington Irving's story of the Dutch governor's voyage up the Hudson,

■= Letters about the Hudson.

94 HISTORY OF THE

"In the year 1672 (says Dnnlap) orders arrived to Governor Lovelace to put the Province in a state of defence. Upon this occasion a small fort was to be erected at Antony's Nose, or near it, on the north river."a

A tribe of Indians named the Wabingi occupied the highlands called by them Kettatenny Mountains. Their principal settlement, (designated Wickapy,) was situated in the vicinity of Antony's Nose.''

Four miles south of Peekskill lies Yerplanck's Point. This place, called by the Indians Meahagh, was bounded on the east by the lands of Appamagpogh and the creek Meanagh, on the south by the same creek, on the west by the Hudson, and on the north by the creek Tammoesis.

A tribe of Indians named the Wabingi occupied the highlands called by them Kettatenny Mountains. Their principal settlement, (designated Wickapy,) was situated in the vicinity of Antony's Nose.''

Four miles south of Peekskill lies Yerplanck's Point. This place, called by the Indians Meahagh, was bounded on the east by the lands of Appamagpogh and the creek Meanagh, on the south by the same creek, on the west by the Hudson, and on the north by the creek Tammoesis.

Prior to 16S3 the territory of Meahagh belonged to Siecham, sachem of Sachus and other Indians, who sold the same to Stephanus van Cortlandt, At the death of Stephanus it passed by will to his eldest son Johannes, and afterwards descended by marriage to Philip Terplanck, from whom the neck acquired its present appellation. This individual married Gertrude, only daughter and heiress of the above Johannes.

In 1734 Yerplanck's Point (consisting of one thousand acres) was held by John Lent, who paid therefor the yearly rent of one pepper-corn on the feast day of St. Michael, the archangel. The Yerplanck's subsequently sold the Point to the present proprietors, John Henry and others, for the sum of nearly $300,000.

The Yerplanck family descend from Abraham Jacobsen Yerplanck; of New Amsterdam, whose son Gulian was a wealthy merchant of the same place in 16S3. The son of Gulian was Philip Yerplanck, of Yerplanck's Point.

This branch of the flmiily is now represented by Philip Yerplanck, Esq., of New Windsor, grandson of the last mentioned

Michael, the archangel. The Yerplanck's subsequently sold the Point to the present proprietors, John Henry and others, for the sum of nearly $300,000.

The Yerplanck family descend from Abraham Jacobsen Yerplanck; of New Amsterdam, whose son Gulian was a wealthy merchant of the same place in 16S3. The son of Gulian was Philip Yerplanck, of Yerplanck's Point.

This branch of the flmiily is now represented by Philip Yerplanck, Esq., of New Windsor, grandson of the last mentioned

Philip.

The principal proprietors of the Point are John Henry, Esq., who holds five hundred acres, upon which is situated the old Yerplanck residence ; Mr. William Blakely, jr., Mr. John Stenson,

• Dunlap's Hist. N. Y , vol. i., 127.

b iVIoullon's Hist. N. Y., 271. Seo note.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 95

also William Lj-ell, Esq., whose mansion is delightfully situated in the midst of the most beautiful woodland scenery. This gentleman married the widow of the late Beeckman Yerplanck, Esq.

Yerplanck's Point has ever been admired for the variety and exquisite beauty of its scenery: in some places it is thickly covered with luxuriant woods. The line of the Hudson River Rail Road passes through the "deep gut," a sii!gular phenomena, which traverses the neck for some distance.

On the south side of the neck is situated a convenient steam- Doat landing, post-office, two taverns, two stores, some fifteen or twenty dwelling houses, beside several extensive brick yards and lime kilns ; also one Methodist and one Roman Catholic Church.

Near the western extremity of the Point is the site of Fort Fayette, which, July 22, 1779, was garrisoned by one thousand British troops, under the command of Gen. Yaughan. " Twentythird of June, 1779," remarks Gen. Heath, "the British were now in possession of both the points at King's Ferry, and a number of transports had lain in the river for some time.

On the south side of the neck is situated a convenient steam- Doat landing, post-office, two taverns, two stores, some fifteen or twenty dwelling houses, beside several extensive brick yards and lime kilns ; also one Methodist and one Roman Catholic Church.

Near the western extremity of the Point is the site of Fort Fayette, which, July 22, 1779, was garrisoned by one thousand British troops, under the command of Gen. Yaughan. " Twentythird of June, 1779," remarks Gen. Heath, "the British were now in possession of both the points at King's Ferry, and a number of transports had lain in the river for some time. The advanced posts of the Americans at this time, on this side, did not extend lower than Peekskill," &c.a "On the 27ih," continues the same authority, "a deserter came in from Yerplanck's Point, who reported that the British army, except five or six regiments, were to leave the Points, and were then embarking. Soon after, upwards of thirty sail of transports were seen, standing down the river. The British had a sloop at anchor off Peekskill Landing and a ship off the Dunderberg. Lest the enemy meant a deception, the Americans were ordered to lie on their arms, and a regiment extra was ordered to advance on the heights.

" On the 2Sth, three deserters, one a Hessian musician with his horn, came in from the enemy. They confirmed the testimony of the former deserter, that the body of the British army had left the Points.''^

The British had a sloop at anchor off Peekskill Landing and a ship off the Dunderberg. Lest the enemy meant a deception, the Americans were ordered to lie on their arms, and a regiment extra was ordered to advance on the heights.

" On the 2Sth, three deserters, one a Hessian musician with his horn, came in from the enemy. They confirmed the testimony of the former deserter, that the body of the British army had left the Points.''^

"On the 2d of July, Col. Rufus Putnam reconnoitered the enemy's positions at Yerplanck's and Stoney Points.*'^

Subsequent to the brilliant attack and capture of Stoney Point

=- Heath's Mem. 205. b Heath's Mem. 206. = Heath's Mem.

96 HISTORY OF THE

under General Wayne, 13th of July, 1779, it was resolved to attack this post.

"Sioney Point, (says Gen. Heath.) having been taken with so nmcli eclat to the American arms, Gen. Washington determined an attempt on Yerplanck's Point, on the east side of the Hudson, and opposite to Stoney Point. For this purpose Major General Howe with two brigades and some 12-pounders on travelling was ordered to proceed by the way of Peekskill, throw a bridge over the creek, move on the Point, and open batteries against the enemy's works, while a cannonading and bombardment was kept up across the river from Stoney Point."

July J 7, 1779, at about 10 o'clock, A. M., General Heath while out reconnoitering, received by an express from Gen. Washington, orders to move as expeditiously as possible to Peekskill, where he would find Gen. Howe with two brigades. Gen. Heath w^as to take command of the whole, and carry into effect the orders which had been given to Gen. Howe. Gen. Heath returned immediately to the troops, and at 12 o'clock began his march towards Peekskill -- marched until dusk 15 miles, when the troops halted and laid down to rest on the side of the road, the dragoons not unsaddling their horses.

Washington, orders to move as expeditiously as possible to Peekskill, where he would find Gen. Howe with two brigades. Gen. Heath w^as to take command of the whole, and carry into effect the orders which had been given to Gen. Howe. Gen. Heath returned immediately to the troops, and at 12 o'clock began his march towards Peekskill -- marched until dusk 15 miles, when the troops halted and laid down to rest on the side of the road, the dragoons not unsaddling their horses.

At 3 o'clock the next morning, the troops resumed their march, and in the afternoon Gen. Heath received information from Gen. Howe by express that Gen. Clinton was in full march with his whole army towards Verplanck's Point. An answer was returned, at what point the troops then were, and that they were marching as fast as the men could endure, and would continue so until they reached him. When the troops had advanced a little to the westward of Drake's farm, Col. Mayland came up from Gen. Howe with information that a part of Clinton's army were then above the new bridge on Croton River pushing for the Point ; and that he was retreating from the Point as fast as possible. On this Gen. Heath ordered Gen. Huntington with his brigade and two field pieces to push forward as fast as the troops could march and keep in breath, and take a position on thehigli ground to the south of Peekskill which commands the road to the Point, and also that to the new bridge on Croton River; and ordered a regiment to file off to the right and secure the pass over the hillp

Howe with information that a part of Clinton's army were then above the new bridge on Croton River pushing for the Point ; and that he was retreating from the Point as fast as possible. On this Gen. Heath ordered Gen. Huntington with his brigade and two field pieces to push forward as fast as the troops could march and keep in breath, and take a position on thehigli ground to the south of Peekskill which commands the road to the Point, and also that to the new bridge on Croton River; and ordered a regiment to file off to the right and secure the pass over the hillp

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 97

between Drake's and Peekskill, and also ordered the flank guard on the left to be reinforced, and to send out small flank guards still further from its flank. The troops moving on with the utmost expedition to the ground which General Huntington had been ordered forward to secure. Every moment that passed, was expected to announce the commencement of an action between the advanced or flanking parties of the two armies; but it did not take place. At this moment Gen. Washington, having learnt how matters stood, and that possibly Gen. Clinton might attempt to push into the Highlands, sent an express to Gen. Heath, to move into the Highlands immediately, which was done, just after dark, the troops passing the night on Bald Hill. It was generally the opinion that if General Heath had not been at hand to advance in the manner he did, that Gen. Clinton by a forced march of his light troops, backed by his army, would have got in the rear of Gen. Howe, before he could have possibly gained the road at Peekskill, and between his army and a sally from the garrison of Verplanck's Point inevitably cut ofl" the whole.

Heath, to move into the Highlands immediately, which was done, just after dark, the troops passing the night on Bald Hill. It was generally the opinion that if General Heath had not been at hand to advance in the manner he did, that Gen. Clinton by a forced march of his light troops, backed by his army, would have got in the rear of Gen. Howe, before he could have possibly gained the road at Peekskill, and between his army and a sally from the garrison of Verplanck's Point inevitably cut ofl" the whole. Our troops at Stoney Point cannonaded and bombarded the enemy's works at Verplanck's during the whole day, and until near midnight. The post was then evacuated, and the Washington galley was blown up. a

On the 2d of October, 1779, the enemy, at Verplanck's Point, opened a number of pits about five feel deep, and from four feet over, with a sharp stake in the middle, around the outside of the abbatis.^ , --.

October 21st, 1779, three deserters came in from Verplanck's Point, and reported, that the enemy were on the point of evacuating their works. The oflicer commanding the advanced picket, soon after sent information that the works appeared to be on fire, and the shipping standing down the river. Major Waldbridge, who commanded the advanced picket, immediately sent a detachment to take possession of the works. Several loaded shells, left by the enemy in places where the fire would come at them, burst,

October 21st, 1779, three deserters came in from Verplanck's Point, and reported, that the enemy were on the point of evacuating their works. The oflicer commanding the advanced picket, soon after sent information that the works appeared to be on fire, and the shipping standing down the river. Major Waldbridge, who commanded the advanced picket, immediately sent a detachment to take possession of the works. Several loaded shells, left by the enemy in places where the fire would come at them, burst,

"i Heath's Mem. 211. b Heath's Mem. 218.

Vol. I. 13

OS HISTORY OF THE

but did 110 harm. The enemy left one horse, a few old entrenching tools, and some other trifles at the Point. f^

Colonel Livingston held command of this post in 1780, when Arnold came there for the purpose of carrying on his treasonable correspondence with Andre.

Upon the south- west side of Verplanck's Point was situated King's Ferry, the ancient pass to Rockland. The old sign post placed at the head of the lane, leading to this ferry, bore the following direction : --

'• DiSHE HIS DI ROODE TOE DE KsHINg's FaRRY."

Upon the 30th of August, 1779, fifteen sail of the enemy lay at anchor near the King's Ferry. ^'

On the evening of September 22d, 17S0, Major John Andre, the British spy. crossed the King's Ferry in company with Smith and the negro boy. V.'illiam van Wert, the ferry-master on this occasion, afterwards testified at Andre's trial, " that Mr. Smith crossed King's ferry from Stoney Point to Yerplanck's Point on the evening of a day in the week before last, in company with another man, and a negro boy was with him ; -- each of them had a horse. The day of the month I do not recollect. 1 have not seen the person since to know him.

V.'illiam van Wert, the ferry-master on this occasion, afterwards testified at Andre's trial, " that Mr. Smith crossed King's ferry from Stoney Point to Yerplanck's Point on the evening of a day in the week before last, in company with another man, and a negro boy was with him ; -- each of them had a horse. The day of the month I do not recollect. 1 have not seen the person since to know him. He had a black, blue or brown great coat on, a round hat, and a pair of hoots. I did not hear any conversation pass between Mr. Smith and the person in the boat, neither did I hear Mr. Smith say which way he was going. Mr. Smith seemed to hurry us a good deal. Cornelius Lambert, Henry Lambert and Lambert Lambert, were boat-men along with me."

Four or five miles below Verplanck's Point can be distinctly seen Smith's house, where the interview took place between Andre and Arnold, and where the latter gave the spy the fatal papers that proved his ruin.

In describing the scenery of this beautiful spot, Mr. N. P. Willis remarks : *' It is not easy to pass and repass the now peaceful and beautiful waters of this part of the Hudson, without recalling to mind the scenes and actors in the great drama of the Revolution, which they not long ago bore on their bosom. The busy

Heath's Mem. 221. b Heath's Mem. 216.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. . \ 99

Four or five miles below Verplanck's Point can be distinctly seen Smith's house, where the interview took place between Andre and Arnold, and where the latter gave the spy the fatal papers that proved his ruin.

In describing the scenery of this beautiful spot, Mr. N. P. Willis remarks : *' It is not easy to pass and repass the now peaceful and beautiful waters of this part of the Hudson, without recalling to mind the scenes and actors in the great drama of the Revolution, which they not long ago bore on their bosom. The busy

Heath's Mem. 221. b Heath's Mem. 216.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. . \ 99

mind fancies the armed gun boats slowly pulling along the shore, and the light pinnace of the Vulture flying to and fro on its errands of conspiracy, and not the least vivid picture to the imagination is the boat containing the accomplished, the gallant Andre and his guard, on iiis way to death. It is probable that he first admitted to his own mind the possibility of a fatal result while passing this very spot. A late biographer of Arnold gives the particulars of a conversation between Andre and Major Tallmadge, the officer who had him in custody, and who brought him from West Point down the river to Tappan, the place of his subsequent execution : ' Before we reached tlie Clove, (a landing just below Yerplanck's Point,) Major Andre became very inquisitive to know my opinion as to the result of his capture. When I could no longer evade his importunity, I remarked to him as follows : I had a much loved class mate in Yale College by the name of Hale, who entered the army in 1775. Immediately after the battle of Long Island, Washington wanted information respecting the strength of the army; he v/ent over to Brooklyn, and was taken just as he was passing the out-posts of the enemy, on his return.

A late biographer of Arnold gives the particulars of a conversation between Andre and Major Tallmadge, the officer who had him in custody, and who brought him from West Point down the river to Tappan, the place of his subsequent execution : ' Before we reached tlie Clove, (a landing just below Yerplanck's Point,) Major Andre became very inquisitive to know my opinion as to the result of his capture. When I could no longer evade his importunity, I remarked to him as follows : I had a much loved class mate in Yale College by the name of Hale, who entered the army in 1775. Immediately after the battle of Long Island, Washington wanted information respecting the strength of the army; he v/ent over to Brooklyn, and was taken just as he was passing the out-posts of the enemy, on his return. Said I, with emphasis, do you remember the sequel of his story ? Yes, said Andre, he was hanged as a spy, but you surely do not consider iiis case and mine alike? I replied yes, precisely similar, and similar will be your fate. He endeavored to answer my remarks, but it was manifest he was more troubled in spirit than I had ever seen him before.'"^

What a contrast does this scene present to the passage of the traitor himself, who, as soon as his villainy was ascertained, " mounted a horse belonging to one of his aids that stood saddled at the door, and rode alone, with all speed, to the bank of the river. He there entered a boat, and directed the oarsmen to push out to the middle of the stream. The boat was rowed by six men, who, having no knowledge of Arnold's intentions, promptly obeyed his orders. He quickened their activity by saying, that he was going down the river and on board the Vnlture with a flag, and that he was in great haste, as he expected Gen.

What a contrast does this scene present to the passage of the traitor himself, who, as soon as his villainy was ascertained, " mounted a horse belonging to one of his aids that stood saddled at the door, and rode alone, with all speed, to the bank of the river. He there entered a boat, and directed the oarsmen to push out to the middle of the stream. The boat was rowed by six men, who, having no knowledge of Arnold's intentions, promptly obeyed his orders. He quickened their activity by saying, that he was going down the river and on board the Vnlture with a flag, and that he was in great haste, as he expected Gen. Washington at his house, and wished to return as expeditiously as pos-

» American Scenery, by Bartlett anci Willis.

100 HISTORY OF THE

sible to meet him there. He also added another stimulating motive, by promising them two gallons of rum, if they would exert themselves with all their strength. As they approached King's Ferry, Arnold exposed to view a white handkerchief, and ordered the men to row directly to the Vulture, which was now in sight a little below the place it had occupied when Andre left it. The signal held out by Arnold, while the boat was passing Verplanck's Point, caused Col. Livingston to regard it as a flag-boat, and prevented him from ordering it to be stopped and examined. The boat reached the Vulture unobstructed in its passage ; and after Arnold liad gone on board and introduced himself to Capt. Sutherland, he called the leader of the boatmen into the cabin, and informed him that he and his companions were prisoners. The boatmen, who liad capacity and spirit, said they were not prisoners; that they came on board wiih a flag of truce, and under the same sanction they would return. lie then appealed to the captain, demanding juslice and a proper respect for the rules of honor.

The boat reached the Vulture unobstructed in its passage ; and after Arnold liad gone on board and introduced himself to Capt. Sutherland, he called the leader of the boatmen into the cabin, and informed him that he and his companions were prisoners. The boatmen, who liad capacity and spirit, said they were not prisoners; that they came on board wiih a flag of truce, and under the same sanction they would return. lie then appealed to the captain, demanding juslice and a proper respect for the rules of honor. Arnold replied, that all this was nothing to the purpose ; that they were prisoners and must remain on board. Capt. Sutherland, disdaining so pitiful an action, though he did not interfere with the positive command of Arnold, told the man that he would take his parole and he might go on shore and procure clothes and whatever else was wanted for himself and his companions. This was accordingly done the same day. When these men arrived in New York, Sir Henry Clinton, holding in just contempt such a wanton act of meanness, set them all at liberty.''^-

As soon as Washington had solved the mystery, "and the whole extent of the plot was made manifest, Hamilton was immediately ordered to mount a horse and ride to Verplanck's Point, that preparations might be made for stopping Arnold, should he not already have passed that post." " But Col. Hamilton's mission proved too late. It could hardly have been otherwise, for Arnold had got the start by six hours. He left his house about tun o'clock in the morning, and his treachery was not known to Washington till nearly four o'clock in the afternoon. When Hamilton arrived at Verplanck's Point, a flag of truce was

As soon as Washington had solved the mystery, "and the whole extent of the plot was made manifest, Hamilton was immediately ordered to mount a horse and ride to Verplanck's Point, that preparations might be made for stopping Arnold, should he not already have passed that post." " But Col. Hamilton's mission proved too late. It could hardly have been otherwise, for Arnold had got the start by six hours. He left his house about tun o'clock in the morning, and his treachery was not known to Washington till nearly four o'clock in the afternoon. When Hamilton arrived at Verplanck's Point, a flag of truce was

" Sparks' Life of Arnold, 241, 2, 3.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 101 '

coming, or had come from the Yulture to that post with a letter from Arnold to Washington. "^

"The case of Col. Livingston is worthy of notice. He commanded at Yerplanck's Point, and from the proximity of his post to the enemy, and several concurring circumstances, mig'U he very fairly presumed to have been either directly or indirectly concerned in Arnold's manoeuvres. By a very laconic letter^ Washington ordered that ofScer to come to him immediately. Livingston expected, at least, a severe scrutiny into his conduct, being fully aware, though conscious of his innocence, that circumstances were unfavorable. But Washington made no inr^uiries into the past, nor uttered a syllable that implied distrust. He told Col. Livingston that he had sent for him to give him very special orders, to impress upon him the danger of his post and the necessity of vigilance, and to communicate other particulars, which could only be done in a personal interview. In conclusion he said it was a source of gratification to him, that the post was in the hands of an officer, whose courage and devotedness to the cause of his country afforded a pledge of a faithful and honorable discharge of duty.

Livingston that he had sent for him to give him very special orders, to impress upon him the danger of his post and the necessity of vigilance, and to communicate other particulars, which could only be done in a personal interview. In conclusion he said it was a source of gratification to him, that the post was in the hands of an officer, whose courage and devotedness to the cause of his country afforded a pledge of a faithful and honorable discharge of duty. Let the reader imagine the grateful emotions of Col. Livingston, his increased esteem for his commander, and the alacrity with which, under such an impulse, he went back to his station of high trust and danger.''^

One of the most interesting associations connected with this spot, is the recollection, that here were located the head-quarters of General Washington.

" On my return from the southward in 1782," says the translator of Chastellux, (who has thought proper to withhold his name,) " T spent a day or two at the American camp at Verplanck's Point, where I had the honor of dining with General Washington. I had suffered severely from an ague which I could not get quit of, though I had taken the exercise of a hard trotting horse, and got thus far to the northward in the month of October. The General observing it, told me he was sure 1 had not met with a good glass of wine for some time-- an article then very rare -- but that my disa Sparks' Life of Arnold, p. 249. b Sparks' Life of Arnold, p. 253.

I had suffered severely from an ague which I could not get quit of, though I had taken the exercise of a hard trotting horse, and got thus far to the northward in the month of October. The General observing it, told me he was sure 1 had not met with a good glass of wine for some time-- an article then very rare -- but that my disa Sparks' Life of Arnold, p. 249. b Sparks' Life of Arnold, p. 253.

102 HISTORY OF THE

order must be frightened away. He made me drink three or four of his silver camp cups of excellent Madeira at noon, and recommended to me to take a generous glass of claret after dinner ; a prescription by no means repugnant to my feelings, and which I most religiously followed. I mounted my horse the next morning, and continued my journey to Massachusetts, without ever experiencing the slightest return of my disorder.

'' The American camp here presented the most beautiful and picturesque appearance. It extended along the plain, on the neck of land formed by the winding of the Hudson, and had a view of this river to the south. Behind it the lofty mountains, covered with woods, formed the most sublime back-ground that painting could express. In the front of the tents was a regular continued portico, formed by the boughs of the trees in full verdure, decorated with much taste and fancy. Opposite the camp, and on distinct eminences, stood the tents of some of the general officers over which towered predominant that of AVashington. I had seen all the camps in England, from many of which drawings and engravings have been taken ; but this was truly a subject worthy the pencil of the first artist. The French camp, during their stay in Baltimore, was decorated in the same manner.

In the front of the tents was a regular continued portico, formed by the boughs of the trees in full verdure, decorated with much taste and fancy. Opposite the camp, and on distinct eminences, stood the tents of some of the general officers over which towered predominant that of AVashington. I had seen all the camps in England, from many of which drawings and engravings have been taken ; but this was truly a subject worthy the pencil of the first artist. The French camp, during their stay in Baltimore, was decorated in the same manner. At the camp at Yerplanck's Point we distinctly heard the morning and evening gun of the British at Kingsbridge."

The curiosity seizes with avidity upon any incidental irtformation which fills up the bare outline of history. The personal history of Washington more particularly, wherever it has been traced by those who were in contact with him, is full of interest. Some of the sketches given by the Marquis of Chastellux, who passed this point of the Hudson on his way to Washington's head-quarters below, are very graphic.

" The weather being fair on the 26th," he says, '' I got on horseback, after breakfast, with the General. He was so attentive as to give me the horse I rode on the day of my arrival. I found him as good as he is handsome ; but, above all, perfectly well broke and well trained, having a good mouth, easy in hand, and stopping short in a gallop without bearing the bit. I mention these minute particulars, because it is the General himself who breaks all his own horses. He is an excellent and bold

He was so attentive as to give me the horse I rode on the day of my arrival. I found him as good as he is handsome ; but, above all, perfectly well broke and well trained, having a good mouth, easy in hand, and stopping short in a gallop without bearing the bit. I mention these minute particulars, because it is the General himself who breaks all his own horses. He is an excellent and bold

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 103

horseman, leaping the highest fences, and going extremely quick, without standing upon his stirrups, bearing on the bridle, or letting his horse run wild ; circumstances which our young men look upon as so essential a part of English horsemanship, that they would rather break a leg or an arm than renounce them.

It was off Yerplanck's Point that Hudson's vessel, the Half- Moon, came to an anchor on the 1st of October, 1609. a-

" Here he was visited by the native HighlanderSjb who came flocking to the ship, expressing their wonder and astonishment to behold a vessel so superior to their canoes, and weapons so much more terrible than their own. Anxious to carry away to their friends some part of this floating world of wonders, and not satisfied with the trifles they received in return for skins, one of the canoes with one man in it lurked about the stern with a thievish tardiness, notwithstanding he was warned ofl". Watching an opportunity, he at length crawled up the rudder into the cabin window, and stole a pillow and a few articles of wearing apparel. The mate, little anticipating that justice, though slow, is sure, and would follow him even to the arctic circle, shot at the poor pilferer, and killed him. The rest fled, panic struck, and in their precipitance some leaped into the water.

Anxious to carry away to their friends some part of this floating world of wonders, and not satisfied with the trifles they received in return for skins, one of the canoes with one man in it lurked about the stern with a thievish tardiness, notwithstanding he was warned ofl". Watching an opportunity, he at length crawled up the rudder into the cabin window, and stole a pillow and a few articles of wearing apparel. The mate, little anticipating that justice, though slow, is sure, and would follow him even to the arctic circle, shot at the poor pilferer, and killed him. The rest fled, panic struck, and in their precipitance some leaped into the water. The ship's boat was manned and sent to recover the articles : one of those who had leaped into the water got hold of the boat for the purpose of overturning it, as was thought, but the cook stood ready with his sword, and with one blow cut off one of his hands, and he was drowned. This was the first Indian blood shed during the voyage. With this mighty revenge for a trifling injury, they returned to the ship, and weighed anchor near Teller's Point, off the mouth of Croton River, near the entrance into Tappan Sea."

Parsonage or Montrose's Point, is separated from Yerplanck's Point on the north by the creek Meanagh. This Point was originally granted by the Van Cortlandts to the Dutch Reformed Church of Cortlandt manor. Some time subsequent to the revoa Monlton & Yates Hist. N. Y., page 271.

With this mighty revenge for a trifling injury, they returned to the ship, and weighed anchor near Teller's Point, off the mouth of Croton River, near the entrance into Tappan Sea."

Parsonage or Montrose's Point, is separated from Yerplanck's Point on the north by the creek Meanagh. This Point was originally granted by the Van Cortlandts to the Dutch Reformed Church of Cortlandt manor. Some time subsequent to the revoa Monlton & Yates Hist. N. Y., page 271.

b The Wickapy Indians, whose principal settlements were in the vicinity of Antony Nose.

104 HISTORY OF THE

lutioiiary war, the title of the church becoming involved, the property was sold to satisfy quit-rent. The Point, however, again reverted to the Dutch Church, who disposed of it to various individuals, from whom it descended by purchase to the present proprietors, James Talbot, Esq., and Col. John King.^

The first Dutch Church in this town, stood on the Brotherson farm at Yerplanck's Point, now owned by Mr. John Henry. This edifice was standing in 1793. Prior to its erection the members of the Reformed Dutch Society appear to have attended services at the Sleepy Hollow Church, for the following list of communicants occurs in the records of that church, dated April 21st, A. D., 1717, entitled a continuation of the persons, members living in the manor of Cortlandt, and Patent of Capt. Dekay and Ryck Abrahamsen. First, Sybout Herricksen Krankheyt and Geertje his wife, Jan Corne van Texel and Annetje his wife, Francoy de Paw, Mathys Brouwer and Marrietje his wife, Nathan Beesly and Esther his wife, Catharine van Texel, wife of Hendrick Lent, Geertje Brouwer, wife of Samuel Brouwer, Hendrick Lent and Cornelia, his wife, William van Texel and Trynje his wife, Annetje Sybout, wife of Jan Beesly, Maria de Paw, wife of Abram Lent, Aeltje Brouwer, wife of Jeurisen Wall ; Theunis Kranckhyt, and Sophye his wife ; William Teller, and Marrietje his wife; Jeremy Gennoyss, and Annetje his wife; Marrietje Blauvelt, wife of Ryck Lent ; and Elizabeth, the wife of Cornelis Michgrelzen."

First, Sybout Herricksen Krankheyt and Geertje his wife, Jan Corne van Texel and Annetje his wife, Francoy de Paw, Mathys Brouwer and Marrietje his wife, Nathan Beesly and Esther his wife, Catharine van Texel, wife of Hendrick Lent, Geertje Brouwer, wife of Samuel Brouwer, Hendrick Lent and Cornelia, his wife, William van Texel and Trynje his wife, Annetje Sybout, wife of Jan Beesly, Maria de Paw, wife of Abram Lent, Aeltje Brouwer, wife of Jeurisen Wall ; Theunis Kranckhyt, and Sophye his wife ; William Teller, and Marrietje his wife; Jeremy Gennoyss, and Annetje his wife; Marrietje Blauvelt, wife of Ryck Lent ; and Elizabeth, the wife of Cornelis Michgrelzen."

Belonging to the Reformed Dutch Church of Cortlandtown is a manuscript volume entitled " Kerkelyk Aanteken boek voor De Mannour van Cortlandt," (that is, A Church Register for the Manor of Cortlandt,) containing a list of baptized infants, to which is appended the names of the parents and witnesses, &c. The first entry occurs June 3d, 1729 ; baptized Teunis, the son of Hendrick Brower and Jannetje Crankheit.

The 28ih day of June, 1760, ordained as consistory Hermanns Gardinier, Abraham van Tessel, as elders, and Abraham Lent as deacon, 6cc. From this it is evident, that a distinct society was organized on Corllandi's Manor as early as 1729. The old church must have been erected soon after.

• This gentleman is the well known author of " Travels in South America."

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 105

The present church of Cortlandtown is situated southeast of Verplauck's Point, near the edge of the Albany and New York Post road. It is a neat building of wood, with a tower and cupola, but its interior contains nothing worthy of particular notice. In the cemetery surrounding the church are several monuments to the Lents, Montross's, Brinckerhoffs, (fee. &c.

• This gentleman is the well known author of " Travels in South America."

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 105

The present church of Cortlandtown is situated southeast of Verplauck's Point, near the edge of the Albany and New York Post road. It is a neat building of wood, with a tower and cupola, but its interior contains nothing worthy of particular notice. In the cemetery surrounding the church are several monuments to the Lents, Montross's, Brinckerhoffs, (fee. &c. Also a plain headstone inscribed as follows : --

" Sacred

to the memory of

Dr. Peter Goetchius,

who died the 21st of Sept., A.D. 1S2S,

aged 70 years, 5 months,

and 20 days,

having been for 35 years an elder

of the Reformed Dutch Church in

Cortlandtown, and died, as he lived,

a Christian.

" ' The silent tomb and rising hillocks show' The way, the end of mortals here below ; But silent tombs nor hillocks can affright The soul of him whose ways are just and right. How calm the righteous man with God his friend ; Peace crowns his life, and happiness his end.' "

The following minutes are extracted from the records of the New York Classis :

Flatbush, April 24, 1792, the Rev. Classis "appointed the Rev. Mr. Jackson ^ to visit the congregation at the Cortlandi's manor between this and the next session, and to report to Classis the state of that congregation."^

September 4, 1792, Mr. Jackson reports to Classis that he has fulfilled his commission, and finds the congregation have lost their church, diminished in number, and greatly dispersed.

The following minutes are extracted from the records of the New York Classis :

Flatbush, April 24, 1792, the Rev. Classis "appointed the Rev. Mr. Jackson ^ to visit the congregation at the Cortlandi's manor between this and the next session, and to report to Classis the state of that congregation."^

September 4, 1792, Mr. Jackson reports to Classis that he has fulfilled his commission, and finds the congregation have lost their church, diminished in number, and greatly dispersed.

Resolved, that Mr. Jackson shall again visit them as soon as convenient between this and next spring to organize the cona To this individual, (under God,) the Reformed Dutch Church in Cortlandtown is indebted for her re-establishment and present success. b Rec. of N. Y. Classis, Vol. I., 110.

YoL. I. .14

105 HISTORY OF THE

sistoiy, and do any thing in his power to collect the congregation.»

April oO, 1793, Rev. G. A. Kuypers and Rev. Peter Stryker, each with an elder, appointed by Classis to visit tlie vacant congregations at Cortlandi's manor as soon as possible, in order to organize a consistory, &,c. <fcc. Rev. Mr. Brush and Brouwer ordered to preach in their absence in their pnlpits, and after they have accomphshed their mission to repair to the same place, and preach there at least each one Sabbath. ^

September 2. 1794. ordered that Mr. Jackson visit the congregation of Cortlanf^t's manor the second Lord's day September instant; also, that Mr. Schoommaker visit said congregation once in the meantime between this and next meeting.^

Peter Stryker, each with an elder, appointed by Classis to visit tlie vacant congregations at Cortlandi's manor as soon as possible, in order to organize a consistory, &,c. <fcc. Rev. Mr. Brush and Brouwer ordered to preach in their absence in their pnlpits, and after they have accomphshed their mission to repair to the same place, and preach there at least each one Sabbath. ^

September 2. 1794. ordered that Mr. Jackson visit the congregation of Cortlanf^t's manor the second Lord's day September instant; also, that Mr. Schoommaker visit said congregation once in the meantime between this and next meeting.^

Also ordered, that the Rev. Mr. Sickels in the course of this fall visit Peekskill, and apply to the Classis of Albany for recommendations to visit their vacancies.

1797, Rev. Mr. Lowe reports that he has fulfilled his mission to Cortlandt.

Mr. Abeel appointed^ 1798. Mr. Abeel reports that he has fulfilled his appointment.

Ordered, that the candidates now under the care of this Classis supply each one Sabbath at Cortlandt town, and that Mr. Jackson preach and administer the Lord's Supper once during said time.

May 8, 1800, a call made out by the church at Cortlandt town upon the Rev. William Manly, was laid before the Classis for approbation. Upon reading the same, it was found to be in due form, and subscribed by three elders and four deacons, but not authorized by any minister as the moderator of the call. Dr. Peter Goetchius, one of the subscribing elders, appearing before the Classis, attested to his own signature and that of each of the other subscribers, and gave sufficient reasons why a neighboring minister could not assist in completing this document. It was approved and endorsed. ^

Upon reading the same, it was found to be in due form, and subscribed by three elders and four deacons, but not authorized by any minister as the moderator of the call. Dr. Peter Goetchius, one of the subscribing elders, appearing before the Classis, attested to his own signature and that of each of the other subscribers, and gave sufficient reasons why a neighboring minister could not assist in completing this document. It was approved and endorsed. ^

' Rec. of N. Y. Classis, vol. i., 113. b Rec. of N. Y. Classis, vol. i., 123.

• Rec. of N. Y. Classis, vol. i., 143. A Rec. of N. Y. Classis, vol. i., 187.

• Rec. of N. Y. Classis, vol. i., 221.

COUNTY OP WESTCHESTER. 107

The Dutch Reformed Church of Cortlandt town was incorporated 3Uth December, 1794 ; first trustees, William Lent, Peter Goetchius, Hercules Lent ; elders Abraham Lent, Benjamin Dyckman, Jacobus Kronkhite, deacons.^-

To this church is annexed the Van Nest Reformed Dutch Chapel at Peekskill.

Prior to the year ISOl, supplies were obtained weekly from New York.

LIST OF MINISTERS. Date of instalment. Ministers. Vacated by.

April, 1800, - - - Rev. William Manly. b Death.

March 27, 1810, - - " Abraham Hoffman.

October 21, 1831, - - " R. Kirkwood.

July, 1836, - - " Cornelius de Pew Westbrook, present

■ minister.

At a short distance below Terplanck's Point is situated Boscobel House, the late residence of Staats Morris Dyckman, Esq., at present occupied by his grand-daughter Elizabeth, wife of Col. John P. Crnger. The house is built in the French style, and occupies a very pleasant spot on the brow of a high hill, overlooking the river and adjacent country. The grounds surrounding the mansion are greatly enriched with luxuriant woods and plantations.

July, 1836, - - " Cornelius de Pew Westbrook, present

■ minister.

At a short distance below Terplanck's Point is situated Boscobel House, the late residence of Staats Morris Dyckman, Esq., at present occupied by his grand-daughter Elizabeth, wife of Col. John P. Crnger. The house is built in the French style, and occupies a very pleasant spot on the brow of a high hill, overlooking the river and adjacent country. The grounds surrounding the mansion are greatly enriched with luxuriant woods and plantations. The beautiful island of Oscawana forms a portion of the Cruofer estate.

Staats Morris Dyckman, the former proprietor, was the fifth son of Jacob Dyckman of Philipsburgh, and the protetje of Gen. Staats Morris; he was also, for many years, the private secretary of Sir William Erskine, in which capacity he attended the latter to Europe. Sir William died in 1795, leaving a large and valuable property to his secretary. Soon after the death of his friend, Mr. Dyckman returned to his native country, purchased the Boscobel estate, and erected the present mansion. The library formerly contained a valuable collection of books, (amounting to 6,000" volumes,) which were accidentally destroyed by fire.

» Religious Soc. Lib. A., 78. b Brother of General Manly

108 HISTORY OF THE

In the vicinity of Boscobel house is situated the small hamlet and landing of Cru^ers, a name derived frotn the Crnger fnmilj^, who have long possessed estates in the immediate neighborhood. A small mountain stream enters the Hudson at this place, called the Mill brook, upon which stood the manorial mills, long since superseded by Ramsay's mill. Above Crugers, crowning the bold brinks of the mountain torrent, is situated the Cortlandt furnace, which has given name to an extensive tract of forest, (consisting of loiJO acres) called the furnace woods.

In the vicinity of Boscobel house is situated the small hamlet and landing of Cru^ers, a name derived frotn the Crnger fnmilj^, who have long possessed estates in the immediate neighborhood. A small mountain stream enters the Hudson at this place, called the Mill brook, upon which stood the manorial mills, long since superseded by Ramsay's mill. Above Crugers, crowning the bold brinks of the mountain torrent, is situated the Cortlandt furnace, which has given name to an extensive tract of forest, (consisting of loiJO acres) called the furnace woods.

In the year 1760 a mining company was established in England, and Germnn miners employed for the purpose of obtaining and smelting iron ore in this viciiiity. It would appear, however, that the ore was not found here in sufficient abundance, for, at a vast expense, we find it subsequently transported from the Q,ueensbury mine, in the forest of Dean, Rockland county, (by the route of King's ferry.) and smelted in this furnace.

But even in Rocklruid County the ore was not found in sufficient quantities to render it of any importance, so that prior to the Revolution, tlie enterprise was wholly abandoned, and the property sold to iMr. John Ramsay whose daughter married JohnCruger, father of Nicholas, the present proprietor of the furnace woods. Mr. Benjamin Odell occupies the Ramsay residence and mill. The Cruger mansion is delightfully situated near the landing commanding from its elevated position, most extensive views of the river. The present occupant is the Hon. Nicholas Cruger, who, for several years represented this County in assembly.

But even in Rocklruid County the ore was not found in sufficient quantities to render it of any importance, so that prior to the Revolution, tlie enterprise was wholly abandoned, and the property sold to iMr. John Ramsay whose daughter married JohnCruger, father of Nicholas, the present proprietor of the furnace woods. Mr. Benjamin Odell occupies the Ramsay residence and mill. The Cruger mansion is delightfully situated near the landing commanding from its elevated position, most extensive views of the river. The present occupant is the Hon. Nicholas Cruger, who, for several years represented this County in assembly.

The Cruger family emigrated to this country at a very early period of its settlement, and descend from the Hon. Henry Cruger, Mayor of Bristol, (England) father of Nicholas Cruger. The latter individual is the grandfather of the Hon. Nicholas Cruger, Col. John P. Cruger, and Henry Cruger, Esq. Croton village in this town, is situated on the north side of the Croton river, near its confluence wiih the Hudson : it contains one Methodist Church, one tavern, two stores and fifteen dwellings. Here is a convenient landing known as CoUabergh landing, from whence steamboats and sloops ply to the city of N w York, and other places on the Hudson river. Here is also situated the Cort-

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 109

landtown post office.a To the east of Croton village, the CoUabergh mountain, a liig'i ridge encompassed by woods, towers far above the surrounding hills, at tlie foot of wFiich is situated the Codahergh pond. Near the mouth of Croton river stands the Corilandt manor house, late the residence of Gen. Philip van Cortlandt, but now in possession of Col. Pierre van Corilandt, his nephew. This venerable mansion was built soon after the erection of the manor by .Tohnnnes van Cortlandt, oldest son of Stephanus van Cortlandt, first lord ofthe manor of Corilandt.

landtown post office.a To the east of Croton village, the CoUabergh mountain, a liig'i ridge encompassed by woods, towers far above the surrounding hills, at tlie foot of wFiich is situated the Codahergh pond. Near the mouth of Croton river stands the Corilandt manor house, late the residence of Gen. Philip van Cortlandt, but now in possession of Col. Pierre van Corilandt, his nephew. This venerable mansion was built soon after the erection of the manor by .Tohnnnes van Cortlandt, oldest son of Stephanus van Cortlandt, first lord ofthe manor of Corilandt. The basement story still retains the old embrasures for fire arms, and the steep flight of steps in fro:it, powerfully reminds the visitor of those sanguinary times, when its noble owners never knew when they were secure from the inroads of the savages, but in proportion to the strength and security of iheir habitations. The front commands the most extensive and beautiful views of the Croton bay and Hudson river, with the additional interest of a lawn and neat garden, laid out at the foot of the building. It is sheltered on the north by a high hill covered with luxuriant forest trees. The approach to the house is by a road formed on the banks of the Croton river.

The entrance hall is adorned with several stag's heads, the only remains of that wild race which anciently spread from the Hudson to Connecticut.

The library contains together with a valuable collection of books, several interesting autographs, viz : a poetical effusion of Mrs. Madison, wife of his excelleiicv, President Madison, addressed, for Mr. Pierre van Cortlandt, jun :

The approach to the house is by a road formed on the banks of the Croton river.

The entrance hall is adorned with several stag's heads, the only remains of that wild race which anciently spread from the Hudson to Connecticut.

The library contains together with a valuable collection of books, several interesting autographs, viz : a poetical effusion of Mrs. Madison, wife of his excelleiicv, President Madison, addressed, for Mr. Pierre van Cortlandt, jun :

Happy iho man, and he alone,

Who, master of himself, can saj', To day at least haih been my own,

For 1 have clearly lived to-day.

[D. P. Madison.

Next occurs a letter from Gen. Lafayette to Charles King, Esq.

a New York Gazetteer.

110 HISTORY OF THE

La Grange J September 28, 1832. This letter, my dear sir, will be delivered by Mr. Fiorelli, a young Italian sculptor, a refugee patriot, nephew to the gentleman whom I introduced to you in 1824. I recommend him to your good advice and beg you to accept the best wishes and regards of your obliged and affectionate friend.

Lafayette.

There is also an original letter from Gen. Washington, dated Mount Yernon, x\pri! 3d, 1797, to Mrs. Clinton, near which, is the following, "Mrs. Washington presents her compliments to Mrs. Clinton, and findiuir that Congress will, contrary to their usual practice on Saturdays, assemble to-morrow, proposes to Mrs. Chnton to visit the Federal building, at six o'clock to-morrow afternoon if it should be convenient to her. Friday afternoon."

I recommend him to your good advice and beg you to accept the best wishes and regards of your obliged and affectionate friend.

Lafayette.

There is also an original letter from Gen. Washington, dated Mount Yernon, x\pri! 3d, 1797, to Mrs. Clinton, near which, is the following, "Mrs. Washington presents her compliments to Mrs. Clinton, and findiuir that Congress will, contrary to their usual practice on Saturdays, assemble to-morrow, proposes to Mrs. Chnton to visit the Federal building, at six o'clock to-morrow afternoon if it should be convenient to her. Friday afternoon."

Ill the same apartment, is a fine bust of the Hon. Pierre van Cortlandt, from the original painting by Jarvis ; and a portrait of General Pierre van Cortlandt, executed in crayons, by Yaldemuf, 1797. Also the silver mouated pistols of the Lieut. Governor.

The entire suite of apartments on the principal floor are painted to imitate oak wainscoating. In the dining room are several family portraits, viz: Dr. Beck of Albany, Pierre van Cortlandt and Catlierine van Cortlandt.

What a variety of illustrious visitors may fancy summon up and set down in this ancient mansion. At one time the illustrious Franklin, seated in the parlour, upon seeing Gen. Pierre van Cortlandt, (then a boy,) walk in with a handfull of prickly pears, requested a iew of the pins as he was shortly going to France and would like to exhibit in that country pins of domestic manufacture.

At another, we have the neighboring toi^antry assembled on the lav/n, while the eloquent Whitfield addresses ir.em from the piazza.

What a variety of illustrious visitors may fancy summon up and set down in this ancient mansion. At one time the illustrious Franklin, seated in the parlour, upon seeing Gen. Pierre van Cortlandt, (then a boy,) walk in with a handfull of prickly pears, requested a iew of the pins as he was shortly going to France and would like to exhibit in that country pins of domestic manufacture.

At another, we have the neighboring toi^antry assembled on the lav/n, while the eloquent Whitfield addresses ir.em from the piazza.

The year preceding the commencement of hostilities betwa;*^ the mother country and her colonies. His Excellency, William Tryon, and suite, paid an unlocked for visit here, of which Gen.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. Ill

Philip van Cortland t thus speaks : " I remember Governor Try on came in a vessel bringing his wife and a young lady, who was a danghter of the Hon. John Watts, a relation of my father, and Col. Edmund Fanning, his friend and secretary; and after remaining a night, he proposed a walk, and after proceeding to the highest point of land on the fiirm, being a height which affords a most delightful prospect, when the governor commenced with observing what great favors could be obtained if my father would relinquish his opposition to the views of the king and parliament of Great Britain, what grants of land could and would be the consequence, in addition to other favors of eminence, consequence, cfcc. My father then observed that he was chosen a representative by the unanimous approbation of a people who placed confidence in his integrity to use all his ability for their benefit and the good of his country as a true patriot, which line of conduce he was determined to pursue. The governor then turned to Col.

Edmund Fanning, his friend and secretary; and after remaining a night, he proposed a walk, and after proceeding to the highest point of land on the fiirm, being a height which affords a most delightful prospect, when the governor commenced with observing what great favors could be obtained if my father would relinquish his opposition to the views of the king and parliament of Great Britain, what grants of land could and would be the consequence, in addition to other favors of eminence, consequence, cfcc. My father then observed that he was chosen a representative by the unanimous approbation of a people who placed confidence in his integrity to use all his ability for their benefit and the good of his country as a true patriot, which line of conduce he was determined to pursue. The governor then turned to Col. Fanning and said, '*' I find our business here must terminate, for nothing can be effected in this place, so we will return ;" which they did by taking a short and hasty farewell, and embarked on board the sloop and returned to New York. This was in the year 1774."*

Much valuable property was destroyed in this vicinity by the great Croton flood of 1840, caused by the giving way of the dam, on which occasion the river (directly opposite the mansion) rose suddenly to the height of eight feet above the ordinary tide level. At the wire mills, lialf a mile distant, it exceeded fifty feet.

A long walk leads through the old garden or pleasaunce to the ancient ferry house. This building was occupied by a conti nental guard during the Revolution, and occasionally favored with the presence of Washington and other distinguished military officers.

Much valuable property was destroyed in this vicinity by the great Croton flood of 1840, caused by the giving way of the dam, on which occasion the river (directly opposite the mansion) rose suddenly to the height of eight feet above the ordinary tide level. At the wire mills, lialf a mile distant, it exceeded fifty feet.

A long walk leads through the old garden or pleasaunce to the ancient ferry house. This building was occupied by a conti nental guard during the Revolution, and occasionally favored with the presence of Washington and other distinguished military officers.

The following orders from the Baron de Kalb bear date,

'' Camp near Croton Bridge, 19th July, 1778. " Colonel Malcolm's regiment is ordered to march at 2 o'clock to-morrow morning to the fort at West Point, on Hudson's River, with the regiment commanded by Lieut. Col. Parker, which is to

a Gen. Phillip van Cortlandt's Diary.

112 HISTORY OF THE

join on the road near Croton Bridge. The commander of the two reo^imeiits (Col. Burr) will make all convenient dispatch, marching ten miles a day, as water and ground will admit. *

The Baron de Kalb."

During the winter of 1782, Captain Daniel Williams, of the New York levies, (stationed on the lines.) having just returned from an excursion to IMorrisania, was surprised by a party of the enemy's horse, in a barn near the ferry house. George McChain, who behaved with the utmost gallantry on this occasion, was killed ; the rest of the party effected their escape on the ice.

Burr) will make all convenient dispatch, marching ten miles a day, as water and ground will admit. *

The Baron de Kalb."

During the winter of 1782, Captain Daniel Williams, of the New York levies, (stationed on the lines.) having just returned from an excursion to IMorrisania, was surprised by a party of the enemy's horse, in a barn near the ferry house. George McChain, who behaved with the utmost gallantry on this occasion, was killed ; the rest of the party effected their escape on the ice.

A beautiful lane leads from the ferry-house east to the Croton bridge, which crosses the river a short distance from Joseph Bayley's wire manufactory. Below the bridge the river is seen expanding into a wide bay, ornamented with picturesque islands, points of land, and lofty banks, covered with clusters of rich foliage. On the evening of October the 1st, 1609, Henry Hudson anchored the Half-Moon at the mouth of the Croton. The bay was once famous throughout the country as the favorite resort of vast flocks of canvass back ducks, and shoals of shad fish.

The Van Corilandt Cemetery is situated on the summit of a hill west of the mansion. Here is a marble tomb erected to the

Memory of the Honorable

Pierre van Cortlandt,

late Lieutenant-Governor of the

State of New York,

and President of the Convention that

framed itie Constitution thereof during

the Revolutionary war with Great Britain.

He departed this life on the first day of

May, in the year of our Lord 1814, in the

The Van Corilandt Cemetery is situated on the summit of a hill west of the mansion. Here is a marble tomb erected to the

Memory of the Honorable

Pierre van Cortlandt,

late Lieutenant-Governor of the

State of New York,

and President of the Convention that

framed itie Constitution thereof during

the Revolutionary war with Great Britain.

He departed this life on the first day of

May, in the year of our Lord 1814, in the

ninety-fourth year of his age.

He was a patriot of the first order, zealous to

the last for the liberties of his country ;

A man of exemplary virtues ; kind as a neighbor,

fond and indulgent as a parent ; an honest man --

ever the friend of the poor ;

■^ Burr's Mem., vol. i., 131.

COUNTV^ OF WESTCHEiSTER. 113

respected and beloved. The simplicity of his private life was that

of an ancient Patriarch.

He died a bright witness of that perfect

love which casts out the fear of death,

putting his trust in the living God, and

with full assurance of salvation in the

redeeming love of Jesus Christ, retaining

his recollection to the last, and calling upon

his Saviour to take him to himself.

Near the Lieutenant-Governor are interred the remains of his illustrious son, Gen. Philip van Cortlandt. who died November 21st, 1831, aged 82; and Johanna van Cortlandt, wife of the Hon. Pierre van Cortlandt, daughter of Gilbert and Cornelia Livingston, born at Kingston, ifi the county of Ulster, the 28th day of August, 1722, died at her residence at Croton, on the IGth of September, 1808, aged 87 years, &c. Also a tomb bearing the following inscription : -- - \ x.

Near the Lieutenant-Governor are interred the remains of his illustrious son, Gen. Philip van Cortlandt. who died November 21st, 1831, aged 82; and Johanna van Cortlandt, wife of the Hon. Pierre van Cortlandt, daughter of Gilbert and Cornelia Livingston, born at Kingston, ifi the county of Ulster, the 28th day of August, 1722, died at her residence at Croton, on the IGth of September, 1808, aged 87 years, &c. Also a tomb bearing the following inscription : -- - \ x.

_ „ ' ■ Sacred ' '

To the memory

~ ■■ :Gf .:/.■'-'"'; .'^ '• Gerard G. Beekman,

born . .; -?,.•:' .j

. September 19,1746, •.-;'■ . - \':- > ' In the city of New York ; -, .

died June 22d, A.D. 1822, "' /

at his seat "^ _, _ *

In the town of Mount Pleasant, ' .• '■•'■'

County of West Chester, '• ' ^

aged ' '^ . -''-', i . ::•' 73 years, 9 months, and 3 days, ri • '. ' - "

Beside the above tombs, there is a small pedestal surmounted with a chaste urn, inscribed as follows: --

To the memory of

Catharlve,

wife of Col. Pierre

VAN Cortlandt, Junr.,

and .eldest daughter of ~

Vol. L ':■ . \ i^ - ~ -

m HISTORY OF THE

George Clinton, Esqr.,

Vice-President of the

United States.

*' The memory of the just is blessed ;"

Prov. 10 : 7.

May death's best slumbers occupy thy urn -- The heap that hides thee nature's livery wear ; O be ihou sacred in the silent bourne, Till time rolls round the great Sabbatic year.

VAN Cortlandt, Junr.,

and .eldest daughter of ~

Vol. L ':■ . \ i^ - ~ -

m HISTORY OF THE

George Clinton, Esqr.,

Vice-President of the

United States.

*' The memory of the just is blessed ;"

Prov. 10 : 7.

May death's best slumbers occupy thy urn -- The heap that hides thee nature's livery wear ; O be ihou sacred in the silent bourne, Till time rolls round the great Sabbatic year.

born at New London

the 5th November, 1770,

she deceased at her

residence, Peekskill,

on the 10th January, 1811,

aged 40 years, 2 months and 5 days,^c. &c.

Likewise a marble obelisk to the memory of Anne van Cortlandt, wife of Gen. Pierre van Cortlandt ; --

" She is not dead, but sleepeth."

Also monuments to Stephen, Gilbert and Gertrude van Cortlandt.

To the west of the cemetery, at the entrance of the neck proper, stood the Indian castle or fort of Kitchawan, one of the most ancient fortresses south of the Highlands. The narrow pass which it occupied was well protected on the north by Indian Swamp, and on the south by the salt meadows. It is said to have been erected at a very early date by the sachem Croton, as a convenient rendezvous for the assembling of his war and hunting parties, and also for the object of commanding the rich treasuries of the Hudson and the wide estuary of the Croton. We have previously shown that Matsewakes was chief sachem of Kitchawan as early as 1641.

The narrow pass which it occupied was well protected on the north by Indian Swamp, and on the south by the salt meadows. It is said to have been erected at a very early date by the sachem Croton, as a convenient rendezvous for the assembling of his war and hunting parties, and also for the object of commanding the rich treasuries of the Hudson and the wide estuary of the Croton. We have previously shown that Matsewakes was chief sachem of Kitchawan as early as 1641.

At a short distance east of the fort, on the south edge of Haunted Hollow, is situated the Indian burying-ground of Kitchawan. Nothing can be more romantic and beautiful than its locality, *'a clear proof of the good taste of those who selected and consecraed it for that object." There was formerly a current belief in the

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 115

neighborhood that the forms of the ancient warriors still haunted the surrounding glens and woods. The apparitions have been named, in consequence, "The Walking Sachems of Teller's Point." The road from the Manor House to Croton Landing passes along the edge of Haunted Hollow.

In connection wUh the above, another tradition deserves to be recorded, which asserts that several of the river tribes had a severe and sanguinary conflict with the Indians inhabiting the Point, which resulted in the defeat of the former ; and, further, that the large mound or barrow near the entrance of the Point was erected over the dead who fell upon that memorable occasion. Be this as it may, indubitable evidence exists that a struggle must have taken place here at some time, from the fact, that vast quantities of warlike weapons have been found in the immediate vicinity of the fort.

In connection wUh the above, another tradition deserves to be recorded, which asserts that several of the river tribes had a severe and sanguinary conflict with the Indians inhabiting the Point, which resulted in the defeat of the former ; and, further, that the large mound or barrow near the entrance of the Point was erected over the dead who fell upon that memorable occasion. Be this as it may, indubitable evidence exists that a struggle must have taken place here at some time, from the fact, that vast quantities of warlike weapons have been found in the immediate vicinity of the fort.

A rural lane, bordered with luxuriant forest trees, leads from the main, called Enoch's Neck, to the Point proper, originally called by the Indians Senasqua, and by the English Sarah's or Sarak's Point, a name derived from Sarah Teller, wife of William Teller, former proprietor. This lane passes immediately below the site of the Indian castle.

The Italian villa of R. T. Underhill, M.D., stands upon an elevated position near the extremity of the latter, commanding a very extensive view of the Hudson River (nearly twenty-seven miles in length) and adjacent country, in which Vredideka Hook forms a noble feature to the southwest. The basement of the building is constructed of Ashlar marble, cut in Sing Sing ; the upper portion consists of stuccoed brick. The whole edifice is in admirable keeping with the adjoining vineyards and surrounding scenery. -.---.-

R. T. and William A. Underhill, the present proprietors of the Point proper, are the sons of Robert Underhill, Esq., fifth in descent from the famous Lord John Underhill, High Constable of the North Riding of Yorkshire, upon Long Island.

The basement of the building is constructed of Ashlar marble, cut in Sing Sing ; the upper portion consists of stuccoed brick. The whole edifice is in admirable keeping with the adjoining vineyards and surrounding scenery. -.---.-

R. T. and William A. Underhill, the present proprietors of the Point proper, are the sons of Robert Underhill, Esq., fifth in descent from the famous Lord John Underhill, High Constable of the North Riding of Yorkshire, upon Long Island.

The woods of Teller's Point aftbrd a safe retreat for thousands of crows, (corvus corone Liim.) which here, "unmolested and un watched by the cruel farmer and gunner, have from time im=-

1^5 HISTORY OF THE

memorial enjoyed an extensive "roost." Daily, towards sunset, may be seen approaching this sylvan abode,

" The blackening trains of crows to their repose."

[Burns.

When the Croton dam gave way in the fixll of 1840, the wild, hurryins: torrent, as it approached nearer and nearer, is said to have sent a savage roar through these woods, causing the very watch-dogs to howl for fear.

A large fish pond lying east of Dr. Underbill's residence is conjectured to have originally formed the bed of the Croton River, from the fact that trunks of trees have been discovered four or five feet beneath its muddy sediment.

The southern declivities of the Point towards the Croton Bay are covered with extensive vineyards of Catawba and Isabella. The fable land also embraces luxuriant orchards and vineyards. The whole of the latter cover nearly an area of forty acres.

A large fish pond lying east of Dr. Underbill's residence is conjectured to have originally formed the bed of the Croton River, from the fact that trunks of trees have been discovered four or five feet beneath its muddy sediment.

The southern declivities of the Point towards the Croton Bay are covered with extensive vineyards of Catawba and Isabella. The fable land also embraces luxuriant orchards and vineyards. The whole of the latter cover nearly an area of forty acres.

Two thousand one hundred and fifty-four shad, and seven thousand herring, have been taken at single lifts in the adjoining waters. During the winter season vast flocks of coot and black duck frequent the shores of the Croton and Haverstraw Bays.

There are numerous Revolutionary incidents connected with Croton or Teller's Point deserving of notice. It was off the western extremity that tlie Vulture sloop of war came to anchor on the morning of the 21st of September, 1780, having brought up Andre for the purpose of holding an interview with Arnold ]^ and here she expected to have awaited his return -- but soon after the spy had embarked for the opposite shore, a barge filled with armed men from the Vulture was seen approaching Teller's Point ; whereupon, George Sherwood and .Tohn Petterson, who were in the vicinity, seized their arms and hastened to the shore, resolved in their own minds that the enemy should not land without opposition. For this purpose they concealed themselves behind the large rocks which still lie on the beach ; and as the barge catne sweeping along towards the shore, Petterson fired.

It was off the western extremity that tlie Vulture sloop of war came to anchor on the morning of the 21st of September, 1780, having brought up Andre for the purpose of holding an interview with Arnold ]^ and here she expected to have awaited his return -- but soon after the spy had embarked for the opposite shore, a barge filled with armed men from the Vulture was seen approaching Teller's Point ; whereupon, George Sherwood and .Tohn Petterson, who were in the vicinity, seized their arms and hastened to the shore, resolved in their own minds that the enemy should not land without opposition. For this purpose they concealed themselves behind the large rocks which still lie on the beach ; and as the barge catne sweeping along towards the shore, Petterson fired.

^ See Greenburnfh.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 117

His aim had been well directed, for an oar was seen to fall from the hands of one of the men on board, and much confusion was observed among them. A second shot, from Sherwood, compelled them to return, which they did under a cover of canister and grape shot from the Vulture, directed to that part of the beach where Sherwood and Petterson were concealed. The cannonade from the Vulture drew the attention of the people of Cortlandttown to the scene of action. The Vulture lying in a position to be distinctly seen from Verplanck's Point, and the distance of country between it and the point on the Westchester shore, and likewise from Stony Point ; the town of Haverstraw, and the point where Andre and Arnold held their conference in Rockland County; the grounds upon both sides of the river for many miles in extent sloping gradually towards the river -- gave the inhabitants a full view of the scene of action.

The Vulture lying in a position to be distinctly seen from Verplanck's Point, and the distance of country between it and the point on the Westchester shore, and likewise from Stony Point ; the town of Haverstraw, and the point where Andre and Arnold held their conference in Rockland County; the grounds upon both sides of the river for many miles in extent sloping gradually towards the river -- gave the inhabitants a full view of the scene of action.

The inhabitants on the Westchester side had been upon the lookout; for they apprehended an attack under cover of the night. There were more, however, who entertained the opinion that it would be brought on before sunset, until Petterson and Sherwood commenced their fire. Many of theni now hastened to the scene of action with a field piece, which they had obtained of Col. Livingston, who was in command at Verplanck's Point ; and after erecting their little battery on the Point, ihey opened a welldirected fire against the Vulture. They soon compelled her to slip her cable and hoist sail. This circumstance prevented Andre from returning to New York by water.

" No sooner (says Sparks) had Andre and Arnold arrived at Smith's house, than a cannonade was heard down the river. It was discovered to be against the Vulture, which, although distant several miles, was in full view, and for a time seemed to be on fire. It had been reported to Colonel Livingston by messengers from Teller's Point, that the vessel was so near the shore as to be within reach of cannon-shot, and that the inhabitants were likewise apprehensive boats would land and commit depredations. Col. Livingston accordingly sent from A^erplank's Point a party with cannon, who fired upon the Vulture and compelled her to remove from the position she had held during the night, and drop farther down the river till she was beyond reach of the shot.

It had been reported to Colonel Livingston by messengers from Teller's Point, that the vessel was so near the shore as to be within reach of cannon-shot, and that the inhabitants were likewise apprehensive boats would land and commit depredations. Col. Livingston accordingly sent from A^erplank's Point a party with cannon, who fired upon the Vulture and compelled her to remove from the position she had held during the night, and drop farther down the river till she was beyond reach of the shot.

118 HISTORY OF THE

Aijdr6 beheld the scene from the windows of Smith's house with anxious emotion ; at length the firing ceased, and he resumed his wonted spirits and composure.''^

Upon another occasion, *' while Enoch Crosby the Westchester spy was on duty in the vicinity of Teller's Point, a British sloop of war came up the river, and anchored in the stream opposite the Point. With an unconquerable predilection for stratagem, our hero immediately concerted a plot, for the sole purpose, as he says, of affording " a little sport for his soldiers." He accordingly proceeded down to the Point, accompanied by six men, five of whom, besides himself, concealed themselves in the woods, which grew a short distance from the shore, while the other paraded the beach so as to display La Fayette's uniform in so conspicuous a manner, as to attract the notice of the officers on board the vessel.

The enemy swallowed the bait ; and a boat soon put off from the sloop of war, manned with eleven men, under the command of a lieutenant, to make a prisoner of this one yankee, who precipitately fled into the woods as the barge approached the shore. The Englishmen followed, threatening to shoot the fugitive unless he stopped and surrendered.

With an unconquerable predilection for stratagem, our hero immediately concerted a plot, for the sole purpose, as he says, of affording " a little sport for his soldiers." He accordingly proceeded down to the Point, accompanied by six men, five of whom, besides himself, concealed themselves in the woods, which grew a short distance from the shore, while the other paraded the beach so as to display La Fayette's uniform in so conspicuous a manner, as to attract the notice of the officers on board the vessel.

The enemy swallowed the bait ; and a boat soon put off from the sloop of war, manned with eleven men, under the command of a lieutenant, to make a prisoner of this one yankee, who precipitately fled into the woods as the barge approached the shore. The Englishmen followed, threatening to shoot the fugitive unless he stopped and surrendered.

As soon as the pursuers had passed his own little party, which were scattered in various directions, Crosby exclaimed,

'•' Come on my boys ! now we have them !"

At this signal, every man sprang up in his place, with a shout that made the welkin ring ; making at the same time such a rustling in the bushes, that the British, thinking themselves surrounded by a superior force, surrendered without resistance. On the next day they were marched to Fishkill, and confined in the old Dutch church.''^

16th of October, 1799, (remarks Gen. Heath,) fourteen seamen were taken prisoners by Capt. Hallet's company of New York militia, two days before on the North River, near Teller's Point. c

At this signal, every man sprang up in his place, with a shout that made the welkin ring ; making at the same time such a rustling in the bushes, that the British, thinking themselves surrounded by a superior force, surrendered without resistance. On the next day they were marched to Fishkill, and confined in the old Dutch church.''^

16th of October, 1799, (remarks Gen. Heath,) fourteen seamen were taken prisoners by Capt. Hallet's company of New York militia, two days before on the North River, near Teller's Point. c

• sparks life »f Arnold, 20G. « Heath's Mem. 22.

b Barnum's spy unrnaskr-d, p. 149, 150,

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 119

The surface of this town is hilly, and on the north west mountainous. The soil consists principally of sand" and gravellyloam ; it is abundantly supplied with rivulets and springs of water. The general growth of wood, is oak of all kinds, chesnut, hickory, elm, black and while ash, birch and pine.

120 HISTORY OF THE

EAST CHESTER.^

This township is situated ten miles south of White Plains, twenty miles north of New York, one hundred and forty from the city of Albany, and four east of the Hudson ; bounded, north by Scarsdale, east by Pelham and New Rochelle, south by West Chester, and west by Yonkers. It is about seven miles long, nor thand south, and near two and a half miles wide. On the west it is washed by the Bronx river, (Aguehung) and on the east by Hutchinson's (Aqueanounck,) or East Chester creek, which enters a large bay of the same name, in the south east angle of this town>

This township is situated ten miles south of White Plains, twenty miles north of New York, one hundred and forty from the city of Albany, and four east of the Hudson ; bounded, north by Scarsdale, east by Pelham and New Rochelle, south by West Chester, and west by Yonkers. It is about seven miles long, nor thand south, and near two and a half miles wide. On the west it is washed by the Bronx river, (Aguehung) and on the east by Hutchinson's (Aqueanounck,) or East Chester creek, which enters a large bay of the same name, in the south east angle of this town>

East Chester, was at first called Hutchinsons, and subsequently, " The Ten Farms,^^ an appellation derived from its ancient division among ten proprietors. The present name was conferred as early as 1666.

The lands of East Chester, were formerly included in the Indian grant of 1640, whereby the Indians conveyed to the Dutch, all the territory situated between the town of Greenwich and the North River.

Upon the 14th of November, 1654. Thomas Pell obtained a second grant from the aboriginal proprietors, which also embraced the present township. Twelve years later we find the inhabitants of East Chester confirmed in all their rights by the Mohegan Sacherns, Gramatan, Woariatapus, Annhooke, (alias Wampage,) and Porrige.

The undivided lands, which were a long time in controversy between the two towns of East and West Chester, appear to have been held by the Indians up to a late period of our colonial history. Tlie aboriginal names of Coranases and Conoval, frequently occur in the early deeds of this town.

Twelve years later we find the inhabitants of East Chester confirmed in all their rights by the Mohegan Sacherns, Gramatan, Woariatapus, Annhooke, (alias Wampage,) and Porrige.

The undivided lands, which were a long time in controversy between the two towns of East and West Chester, appear to have been held by the Indians up to a late period of our colonial history. Tlie aboriginal names of Coranases and Conoval, frequently occur in the early deeds of this town.

» This name, Chester, says Camden, " comes plainly from the Roman Castrura." Camden's Brittauia. b See N. Y. Gazeteer.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 121

Indian wigwams formerly occupied the site of Daniel Morgan's residence, bordering the Aqueanouncke (Hutchinson's) river, and the mill of Stephen Anderson upon the same stream.

Vast quantities of arrow and spear heads are found in every

portion of this district, showing that it was once a great hunting

.country. The Indians were extravagantly fond of the chase,

" their first hunting season always commencing as soon as the

wild herbage began to grow up in the woods.''^^

Deer must have heen incredibly numerous in the ancient forests of East Chester, as we invariably find the wolf infesting the same section of country. .

Upon the 10th day of February, 1672, it was agreed (by the inhabitants of East Chester,) " that the town wolfpits which Mr. Pincldni and John Hoyt hath made, shall be, and is also illegal in the glan (glen,) where they are situated, and that the inhabitants, do see to fill them up." Seven years later it was decided byvote, that the inhabitants pay ten shillings for every wolf that is killed within the limits of East Chester, for the year ensuing. These orders show conclusively that ihis ferocious animal was then very troublesome.

Upon the 10th day of February, 1672, it was agreed (by the inhabitants of East Chester,) " that the town wolfpits which Mr. Pincldni and John Hoyt hath made, shall be, and is also illegal in the glan (glen,) where they are situated, and that the inhabitants, do see to fill them up." Seven years later it was decided byvote, that the inhabitants pay ten shillings for every wolf that is killed within the limits of East Chester, for the year ensuing. These orders show conclusively that ihis ferocious animal was then very troublesome.

So common and mischievous were wolves (at this early period,) throughout the county, that we find the provincial assembly compelled to issue the following order for their destruction, entitled, an act for destroying of wolves within this colony :

"Forasmuch as divers inhabitants of this colony have sufiered many grievous losses. in their stock, both of sheep and neat cattle, for the prevention of which, and encouragement of those who shall destroy wolves in the said colony, and that the breed of wolves within this colony may be wholly rooted out and extinguished, be it enacted, &c., that in the County of West Chester, twenty shillings for a grown wolf killed by a Christian, and ten shillings for such a wolf killed by an Indian, and half that sum respectively for a whelp."^

The remains of a large wolf-pit are still to be seen in the Wina Vanderdoncks N. N., N. Y. His. Soc. 207. b Acts of Col. Assembly N. Y. p. 47.

"Forasmuch as divers inhabitants of this colony have sufiered many grievous losses. in their stock, both of sheep and neat cattle, for the prevention of which, and encouragement of those who shall destroy wolves in the said colony, and that the breed of wolves within this colony may be wholly rooted out and extinguished, be it enacted, &c., that in the County of West Chester, twenty shillings for a grown wolf killed by a Christian, and ten shillings for such a wolf killed by an Indian, and half that sum respectively for a whelp."^

The remains of a large wolf-pit are still to be seen in the Wina Vanderdoncks N. N., N. Y. His. Soc. 207. b Acts of Col. Assembly N. Y. p. 47.

YoL. I. 16

122 HISTORY OF THE

ter Hill burying-gronnd, situated upon the property of Mr. Robert Purdy. Tradition asserts, tliat over one hundred years ago the oria^inal settlers used to hunt bears and deer in the Long Reach patent, (situated on the northwest side of this town,) and they were accustomed to provide themselves with thirty days provision.

The following grant, under the hand and seal of Thomas Pell, occurs in 1G64, to James Euestis, Philip Pinckney, and others.

Know all men by these presents, that I, Thomas Pell, have granted to James Euestis and Philip Pinckney, for themselves and their associates, to the number of ten families, to settle down at Hutchinsons, that is where the house stood at the meadows and uplands, to Hutchinson's River, they paying according to ye proportion of the charges which was disburst for the purchase, and other necessary charges, only liberty to have the disposing of two lotts upon the same terms with them, because that I might provide them some tradesmen for their comfort, as a smith, or weaver, or what else with their approbation.

Know all men by these presents, that I, Thomas Pell, have granted to James Euestis and Philip Pinckney, for themselves and their associates, to the number of ten families, to settle down at Hutchinsons, that is where the house stood at the meadows and uplands, to Hutchinson's River, they paying according to ye proportion of the charges which was disburst for the purchase, and other necessary charges, only liberty to have the disposing of two lotts upon the same terms with them, because that I might provide them some tradesmen for their comfort, as a smith, or weaver, or what else with their approbation. Witness my hand, this 24ih of June, 1664. ^

Thomas Pell.

The above grantees appear to have emigrated from Fairfield, Connecticut, to this place, for, in the year 1649, we find the following names recorded in the town books of Fairfield, viz. : James Euestis, Philip Pinckney, John Tompkins, Moses Hoit, Samuel Drake, Andrew Ward. Walter Lancaster, Nathaniel Tompkins, Samuel Ward, &c. These individuals subsequently took an active part in the affiiirs of East Chester.

The following covenant was drawn up in 1665, for the' future government of the proprietors, entitled:

Articles of agreement betwixt us whose names are underwritten, A. D. 1665.

Imprimis, that we, by the grace of God, sett down on the tract of land lying betwixt Hutchinson's brook, where the house was, imtil it comes unto that river, that runneth in at the head of the meadow.

2. That we endeavour to keep and maintain christian love and sivill lionesty.

The following covenant was drawn up in 1665, for the' future government of the proprietors, entitled:

Articles of agreement betwixt us whose names are underwritten, A. D. 1665.

Imprimis, that we, by the grace of God, sett down on the tract of land lying betwixt Hutchinson's brook, where the house was, imtil it comes unto that river, that runneth in at the head of the meadow.

2. That we endeavour to keep and maintain christian love and sivill lionesty.

"^ Alb. Rec.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 123

3. That we faithfully couiisell what may be of infirmity in any one of us.

4. Plainly to deal one with another in christian love.

5. If any trespass be done, the trespassed and the trespasser shall chase two of this company, and they a third man if need be required, to end the matter, without any fiu'ther trnbell.

6. That all and every one of us, or that shall be of us, do pay unto the minister, according to his meade.

7. That none exceed the quantity of fifteen acres, until all have that quantity.

8. That every man hath that meadow that is most convenient for him.

9. That every man build and inhabit on his home lot before the next winter.

10. That no man maks sale oC his lot before he hath built and inhabited one year, and then to render it lo the company, or to a man whom they approve.

11. That any man may sell part of his alotment to his neighbour.

That none exceed the quantity of fifteen acres, until all have that quantity.

8. That every man hath that meadow that is most convenient for him.

9. That every man build and inhabit on his home lot before the next winter.

10. That no man maks sale oC his lot before he hath built and inhabited one year, and then to render it lo the company, or to a man whom they approve.

11. That any man may sell part of his alotment to his neighbour.

12. That no man shall engrosse to himself by buying his neigh hour's lot for his particular interest, but with respect to sell it if an approved man come, and that without much advantage, to be judged by the company.

13. That all public affairs, all bridges, highways, or mill, be carried on jointly, according to meadow and estates.

14. That provision be endeavoured for education of children, and then encouragement be given unto any that shall take pains according to our former way of rating.

15. That no man shall give entertainment to a foreigner who shall carry himself obnoxious to the company except amendment be after warnino- sriven.

16. That all shall join in guarding of cattel when the company see it convenient.

17. That every man make and maintain a good fence about all his arable land, and in due time a man chosen to view if the company's be good.

18. That every man sow his land when most of the company sow or plant in their fields.

That no man shall give entertainment to a foreigner who shall carry himself obnoxious to the company except amendment be after warnino- sriven.

16. That all shall join in guarding of cattel when the company see it convenient.

17. That every man make and maintain a good fence about all his arable land, and in due time a man chosen to view if the company's be good.

18. That every man sow his land when most of the company sow or plant in their fields.

X24 HISTORY OF THE

19. That we give new encouragement to Mr. Brewster each olhor week, to give us a word of exhortation, and that when we are seitled we meet together every other weeke, one hour, to talk of the hest things.

20. That one man, either of himself, or by consent, may give entertainment to strangers for money.

21. That one day, every spring, be improved for the destroying of rattle snakes.

23. That some, every Lord's day, stay at home, for safety of our wives and children.

24. That every man get and keep a good lock to his door as soon as he can.

25. That a convenient place be appointed for oxen if need require.

26. If any man's meadow or npland be worse in quality, that be considered in quantity.

27. That every man that hath taken up lots shall pay to all public charges equal with those that got none.

That all that hath or shall take up lots within this tract of land mentioned in the premises shall subscribe to these articles. Thomas Shute The mark of

That a convenient place be appointed for oxen if need require.

26. If any man's meadow or npland be worse in quality, that be considered in quantity.

27. That every man that hath taken up lots shall pay to all public charges equal with those that got none.

That all that hath or shall take up lots within this tract of land mentioned in the premises shall subscribe to these articles. Thomas Shute The mark of

The mark of X

O Nathaniel White,

Nathaniel Tompkins, William Haidon's mark, H

Philip Pinkney, The mark of John Gay, I G

The mark of X Joseph Joans, John A. Pinkney, John Hoitt, The mark of John Tompkins, O

James Enstis, Richard Shute,

The mark of X Daniel Godwin, The mark of John HoUind, 1 H Tlie mark of X William Squire, Moses Hoitte, David Osburn, Richard Hoadley,

John Goding, The mark of Henry X Ffowlir,

Samuel Drake, John Emory,

John Jackson, Moses Jackson,

The ni.-irk of John Drake, I D John Clarke,

This is a true copy according unto ihe originall, transcribed by me. Richard Shute, this 23d day of Nov. '68.

In 166P, the inhabitants of Eastchester obtained a further

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 125

grant from the native Indians, Ann-hooke and ot'iers. This sale was confirmed by royal patent the same year :

*' Richard Nioholls, Esq., Governor General under his Royal Highness, James, Duke of York and Albany, &c. &c., of all his territories in America, to all whom these presents shall come, sendeth greeting : whereas there is a certain plantation upon ye maine, lying within ye limits and bounds of Westchester, belonging to ye north riding of Yorkshire, upon Long Island, situate and being in ye north part of ye limits of ye said town, which said plantation is commonly called and known by ye name of ten farms, or Eastchester, and is now in the tenure and occupation of several freeholders and inhabitants, who having heretofore made lawful purchase thereof, have likewise manured and improved a considerable part of ye lands thereunto belonging, and settled several families thereupon ; now for a confirmation unto ye said freeholders, and inhabitants in their enjoyment and possession of ye premises.

*' Richard Nioholls, Esq., Governor General under his Royal Highness, James, Duke of York and Albany, &c. &c., of all his territories in America, to all whom these presents shall come, sendeth greeting : whereas there is a certain plantation upon ye maine, lying within ye limits and bounds of Westchester, belonging to ye north riding of Yorkshire, upon Long Island, situate and being in ye north part of ye limits of ye said town, which said plantation is commonly called and known by ye name of ten farms, or Eastchester, and is now in the tenure and occupation of several freeholders and inhabitants, who having heretofore made lawful purchase thereof, have likewise manured and improved a considerable part of ye lands thereunto belonging, and settled several families thereupon ; now for a confirmation unto ye said freeholders, and inhabitants in their enjoyment and possession of ye premises. Now know YE, by virtue of ye commission, and authority, unto me given by his royal highness, 1 have ratified, confirmed, and granted, and by these presents, do ratifie, confirm, and grant, unto Philip Pinckney, James Euestis, and William Hoyden, as patentees for and in ye behalf of themselves, and their associates, iheir heirs, executors, and assignees, all ye said plantation, with ye lands thereunto belonging, lying within ye bounds and limits hereafter exprest, viz., that is to say, bounded to the east and ye north, east, by a certain river commonly called Hutchinson's River, which runs in at ye head of ye meadow, and is ye west bounds of Mr. Pell's patent, to ye south by a certain creek, the mouth whereof openeth to ye south-east, including ye meadows heretofore called Hutchinson's Meadows, and ye upland, to ye now known and common path coming up from Westchester, to take in also of ye upland between Hutchinson's and Rattlesnake Brook, from the said path to ye extent of half a mile north-west from ye path, to plant, or otherwise to manure, as they shall see cause ; ye remainder to lye in common between you and ye inhabitants of Westchester, at ye end of which half-mile to be bounded by Rattlesnake Brook, till you come to ye head thereof ; from thence striking a north-east line to Hutchinson's River aforementioned, ye certain bounds of this plantation aforesaid are described, and so hereafter are to be reputed and taken, any former order, conclusions, or agreement, to the contrary in any wise notwithstanding, together with all woodlands, where is meadows, pastures, messuages, waters, creeks, lakes, brooks, fishing, hawking, hunting, fowling, and other profits, commodities, emoluments, and hereditaments, to the said land and premises, within ye limits and bounds aforementioned, described, belonging, or any otherwise appertaining ; and ye said patentees and their associates, their heirs, executors, and assignees, shall likewise have the commonage, and liberty for range or food for cattle, from ye head of Hutchinson's Brook aforesaid, for about eight English miles ; to run north-west on the woods as far as Bruncker's River, or so far as they shall not encroach or entrench upon any other

Pell's patent, to ye south by a certain creek, the mouth whereof openeth to ye south-east, including ye meadows heretofore called Hutchinson's Meadows, and ye upland, to ye now known and common path coming up from Westchester, to take in also of ye upland between Hutchinson's and Rattlesnake Brook, from the said path to ye extent of half a mile north-west from ye path, to plant, or otherwise to manure, as they shall see cause ; ye remainder to lye in common between you and ye inhabitants of Westchester, at ye end of which half-mile to be bounded by Rattlesnake Brook, till you come to ye head thereof ; from thence striking a north-east line to Hutchinson's River aforementioned, ye certain bounds of this plantation aforesaid are described, and so hereafter are to be reputed and taken, any former order, conclusions, or agreement, to the contrary in any wise notwithstanding, together with all woodlands, where is meadows, pastures, messuages, waters, creeks, lakes, brooks, fishing, hawking, hunting, fowling, and other profits, commodities, emoluments, and hereditaments, to the said land and premises, within ye limits and bounds aforementioned, described, belonging, or any otherwise appertaining ; and ye said patentees and their associates, their heirs, executors, and assignees, shall likewise have the commonage, and liberty for range or food for cattle, from ye head of Hutchinson's Brook aforesaid, for about eight English miles ; to run north-west on the woods as far as Bruncker's River, or so far as they shall not encroach or entrench upon any other

126 HISTORY OF THE

patent by me given or granted : To have and to hold all 3'e singular ye said lands and hereditaments and premises, with their and every of their appurtenances, and every part and parcel thereof, to ye said patentees and their associates, their heirs, executors and assignees, to ye proper use and behoof of ye said patentees and their associates, their heirs and executors and assignees, forever ; moreover, I do hereby grant and confirm unto ye said patentees and their associates, their heirs, executors and assignees, that their plantation shall continue and retain ye name of Eastchester, by which name and stile it shall be distinguished and known in all bargains, deeds, records and writings ; likewise, they shall nave ye privileges of electing out of their own numbers some discreet person yearly to bear the office of a deputy constable, to keep his majesties peace, and to compose, if possible, all private business by arbitration amongst themselves, but that in all other matters they have relation to ye town and court of Westchester, they the said patentees and their associates, their heirs, executors and assignees, rendering and paying such duties and acknowledgments as now are or hereafter shall be constituted and established by ye laws of this government, under ye obedience of his royal highness, his heirs and successors. Given under my hand and seal at Fort James, New York, on ye Isle of Manhattans, ye ninth day of March, in ye nineteenth year of ye reign of our Sovereign Lord Charles ye Second, by ye grace of God, of England, Scotland, France and Ireland, King, defender of ye faith, and in ye year of our Lord God, 1666.*

patent by me given or granted : To have and to hold all 3'e singular ye said lands and hereditaments and premises, with their and every of their appurtenances, and every part and parcel thereof, to ye said patentees and their associates, their heirs, executors and assignees, to ye proper use and behoof of ye said patentees and their associates, their heirs and executors and assignees, forever ; moreover, I do hereby grant and confirm unto ye said patentees and their associates, their heirs, executors and assignees, that their plantation shall continue and retain ye name of Eastchester, by which name and stile it shall be distinguished and known in all bargains, deeds, records and writings ; likewise, they shall nave ye privileges of electing out of their own numbers some discreet person yearly to bear the office of a deputy constable, to keep his majesties peace, and to compose, if possible, all private business by arbitration amongst themselves, but that in all other matters they have relation to ye town and court of Westchester, they the said patentees and their associates, their heirs, executors and assignees, rendering and paying such duties and acknowledgments as now are or hereafter shall be constituted and established by ye laws of this government, under ye obedience of his royal highness, his heirs and successors. Given under my hand and seal at Fort James, New York, on ye Isle of Manhattans, ye ninth day of March, in ye nineteenth year of ye reign of our Sovereign Lord Charles ye Second, by ye grace of God, of England, Scotland, France and Ireland, King, defender of ye faith, and in ye year of our Lord God, 1666.*

Given under my hand and seal at Fort James, New York, on ye Isle of Manhattans, ye ninth day of March, in ye nineteenth year of ye reign of our Sovereign Lord Charles ye Second, by ye grace of God, of England, Scotland, France and Ireland, King, defender of ye faith, and in ye year of our Lord God, 1666.*

" Richard Nicolls. " Recorded by order of ye Governor, the day and year above written.

" Matthias Nicolls, Secretary."

Siibsequenlly the three patentees made the following declaration of trust in behalf of their associates: --

" These may certify that we, viz. Philip Pinkney, James Eustis and William Hoyden, having a certain tract of land granted and confirmed unto us by patent, being granted and confirmed by Colonel Richard Nicholls, then Governor in New York, beiu^r granted to us, viz. Philip Pinkney, James Eustis and William Hoyden, and our associates -- the above mentioned Philip Pinkney, James Eustis and William Hoyden do, by these, resign up our particular interest that we have by patent, or which was granted and confirmed unto our associates, who have owned and subscribed unto the observation of a covenant, with this provisal, that they observe all conditions of our grant ; 2ndly, that they with us, and we with them, perpetuate, our and each of our interests of land, and maintain our and their enjoyments ; 3rdly, that we, with the major part of the inhabitants that are associated, have the disposing of land, but

Philip Pinkney, James Eustis and William Hoyden, and our associates -- the above mentioned Philip Pinkney, James Eustis and William Hoyden do, by these, resign up our particular interest that we have by patent, or which was granted and confirmed unto our associates, who have owned and subscribed unto the observation of a covenant, with this provisal, that they observe all conditions of our grant ; 2ndly, that they with us, and we with them, perpetuate, our and each of our interests of land, and maintain our and their enjoyments ; 3rdly, that we, with the major part of the inhabitants that are associated, have the disposing of land, but

» Book of Pat. Alb.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 127

not they without us -- we that are associated accordingly as our names are

herein inserted : --

Philip Pinkney, David Osborne,

William Haiden, Samuel Drake,

John Hoitte, John Embury,

James Eustis, John Jackson,

Richard Shute, Moses Jackson, Moses Hoitte."

Upon the 9th of March, 1666, Robert Doughty purchased several parcels of land belonging to William Haiden, situated within the limits of Eastchester Patent. In 1667 the inhabitants of this town united with those of Long Island in protesting against the Duke's laws.''- The province of New York was retaken by the Dutch on the 30ih of July, 1673. Upon this occasion we find the deputies of Oostdorp, alias Westchester, and the adjacent hamlet of Eastchester, offering to submit themselves to the government of the States General and the Prince of Orange ; in return for which they were commanded "to nominate, by their inhabitants, a double number as magistrates for the aforesaid villages."b Subsequently the following order was issued by the Lords, Commanders, and Honorable Council of War of the New Netherlands, residing in Fort William Hendricke.

Upon this occasion we find the deputies of Oostdorp, alias Westchester, and the adjacent hamlet of Eastchester, offering to submit themselves to the government of the States General and the Prince of Orange ; in return for which they were commanded "to nominate, by their inhabitants, a double number as magistrates for the aforesaid villages."b Subsequently the following order was issued by the Lords, Commanders, and Honorable Council of War of the New Netherlands, residing in Fort William Hendricke.

" Whereas, by a former order it was thought fit that the two towns of West and Eastchester should be brought under one court of judicature, consisting of three schepens, or magistrates -- that is to say, out of the town of Westchester two, and one out of the town of Eastchester ; and that the inhabitants of the said respective towns should make choice each of a double number -- the which, by them, hath been accordingly executed, and returned, and made unto us, -- we have made choice of magistrates of the said towns, to continue for the space of one whole year next ensuing the date hereof, viz..

For ye town of Westchester, | EXard^Wat^A do do Eastchester, John Hoitte,

And the said persons are hereby required with all possible expedition to appear before us, and to take the oath, &c. &c. Dated at Fort William Hendricke, 27th of August, 1673. c Cornelius Euerstend,

T. Youngs, Jacob Banckers.

a Thompson's History of Long Island. b Eastchester Rec.

c Alb. Rec, vol. xxiii., 273.

" Whereas, by a former order it was thought fit that the two towns of West and Eastchester should be brought under one court of judicature, consisting of three schepens, or magistrates -- that is to say, out of the town of Westchester two, and one out of the town of Eastchester ; and that the inhabitants of the said respective towns should make choice each of a double number -- the which, by them, hath been accordingly executed, and returned, and made unto us, -- we have made choice of magistrates of the said towns, to continue for the space of one whole year next ensuing the date hereof, viz..

For ye town of Westchester, | EXard^Wat^A do do Eastchester, John Hoitte,

And the said persons are hereby required with all possible expedition to appear before us, and to take the oath, &c. &c. Dated at Fort William Hendricke, 27th of August, 1673. c Cornelius Euerstend,

T. Youngs, Jacob Banckers.

a Thompson's History of Long Island. b Eastchester Rec.

c Alb. Rec, vol. xxiii., 273.

128 HISTORY OF THE

In 1676 Nathaniel Tompkins, of (his town, was directed by Governor Andross '• to seize al! stray horses within the jurisdiction of West and Kastcliester that are without marks, and bring them to the constable or justice of the peace. "a-

At this period the standard prices of grain and other marketable produce were as follows : --

Merchantable winter wheat, 5^. Od.

Summer wheat, 4^. 6d.

Merchantable barley. 4^. Od.

128 HISTORY OF THE

In 1676 Nathaniel Tompkins, of (his town, was directed by Governor Andross '• to seize al! stray horses within the jurisdiction of West and Kastcliester that are without marks, and bring them to the constable or justice of the peace. "a-

At this period the standard prices of grain and other marketable produce were as follows : --

Merchantable winter wheat, 5^. Od.

Summer wheat, 4^. 6d.

Merchantable barley. 4^. Od.

Rye, 3^. 6o?.

Peas, 3^?. Od.

Indian corn, 2s. Qd.

Certain difficulties having arisen with regard to the boimdaries of Eastchester Patent, Mr. PhiHp Plnckney was appointed on the 30ili of October, 1677, " to go to our governor to meet Mr. Justice Pell, Esq., where it is intended that our governor is to decide any ditferefice that may arise betwixt us concerning the bounds of our Patent.''^

In the year 1681 Capt. Phillip Pinckney, Samuel Drake, senior, and Moses Hoit, were chosen to treat with the Indians about their lands. " And so if they can agree, in behalf of the rest of the inhabitants, with the said Indians, concerning the purchase and pay of the said land, &c., these tiiree men above mentioned to be together in the design.''

"Also it is further agreed that the said Indian purchase shall be paid, answerable unto every man's proportion of land in the east division already laid out, &c."c

The following land list occurs in 1682, containing the names and rates of the resident freeholders : --

" And so if they can agree, in behalf of the rest of the inhabitants, with the said Indians, concerning the purchase and pay of the said land, &c., these tiiree men above mentioned to be together in the design.''

"Also it is further agreed that the said Indian purchase shall be paid, answerable unto every man's proportion of land in the east division already laid out, &c."c

The following land list occurs in 1682, containing the names and rates of the resident freeholders : --

Samuel Drake,

Walter Lancaster,

rs'athaniel Tompkyns,

Richard Shnte,

Capt. Will. Haiden,

Henry Fowler,

William Pinckney,

John Tompkyns,

Richard Iloadley,

John Wharford,

William Gray,

8^

Samuel Godin,

• Eastchester Rec.

b Ibid.

= Ibid.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 129

John Piiickiiey, 25^ John Vaille, 6i

John Drake, 24J- Samuel Godin, 5J-

Moses Hoir, 45 Walter Webelly, 8

John Clarke, 13

At a meeting of the inhabitants of Eastchester, held December 1st, 1683, it was resolved, that Nathaniel Tompkyns, John Drake, and Richard Shute, should go into the woods with the Indians, "and mark out certain lands within the patent of Eastchester, and go and know what the said Indians do ask for the said lands, and bring report to the rest of the inhabitants."

On the 1st of March, 1686, Captain William Haiden and Moses Hoit, sen., were chosen by the inhabitants of Eastchester to go to treat with the Westchester townsmen in defence of our land, granted to us by patent."

On the 16th of January, 1698, occurs the following entry in the town records : -- " There being several inhabitants of Westchester come to invade us (the inhabitants of Eastchester) in the property, of our lands, by way of molestation, the town did inform the above said persons that they should not proceed to lay out any land, or mark any trees, or to set any marks, as by sufficient testimony will appear."

On the 1st of March, 1686, Captain William Haiden and Moses Hoit, sen., were chosen by the inhabitants of Eastchester to go to treat with the Westchester townsmen in defence of our land, granted to us by patent."

On the 16th of January, 1698, occurs the following entry in the town records : -- " There being several inhabitants of Westchester come to invade us (the inhabitants of Eastchester) in the property, of our lands, by way of molestation, the town did inform the above said persons that they should not proceed to lay out any land, or mark any trees, or to set any marks, as by sufficient testimony will appear."

In the Secretary of State's office, at Albany, there is a map of the disputed territory, entitled " A draft of the lands in controversy between the inhabitants of Westchester and the inhabitants of Eastchester, joyn'd with William Peartree, &c., surveyed and laid downe per Augustine Graham, surveyor, &c."

The vacant lands were situated on the west side of Rattlesnake Brook, in the northwest corner of the present town, and amounted to 3,308 acres. From their peculiar shape they obtained the name of the " Long Reachy

In 1696, "at a meeting of the freeholders, and commonalty of the borough town of West Chester, they did give and grant unto Col. Caleb Heathcote, the liberty of the stream of Hutchinson's river, or creek, lying by the " Ten Farms" within the limits and bounds of the patent of the borough town of Westchester

The vacant lands were situated on the west side of Rattlesnake Brook, in the northwest corner of the present town, and amounted to 3,308 acres. From their peculiar shape they obtained the name of the " Long Reachy

In 1696, "at a meeting of the freeholders, and commonalty of the borough town of West Chester, they did give and grant unto Col. Caleb Heathcote, the liberty of the stream of Hutchinson's river, or creek, lying by the " Ten Farms" within the limits and bounds of the patent of the borough town of Westchester

Vol. I. 17

^30 HISTORY OF THE

aforesaid, known by ihe name of Eastchester, for to erect a mill or mills thereon. »

Upon the 23d day of'December, A. D. 1700, we find the Indians confirming tlie inhabitants of Eastchester in their possession.

Be it known unto all to whom these presents may come, or concern { whereas the inhabitants of Eastchester did formerly purchase a certain tract of land of the natives, in the year of our Lord one thousand six hundred sixty and six, and part of the same being not as yei satisfied, the said tract of land being bulled and bounded as is hereafter expressed, viz. east, and southeast by a certaine river commonly called Hutchinson's river, which runs in at the head of the meadows, on the west bounds of Mr. Pell's patent, and soulherly to Hutchinson's brook, and from the head thereof, northwest to Brunckses his river, and so from the head of Hutchinson's river, northwest to Brunckses river, and so all the land betwixt Hutchinson's and Brunckses river, according as aforementioned, now know ye, that we, Woariatapus, Annhook, and Porrige. do owne, that we have received full satisfaction of Richard Shute, John Drake, and Henry Fowler, in ihe behalf of the rest of the inhabitants of Eastchester aforesaid, for the said tract of land, and we the abovesaid Woariatapus, Annhook, and Porrige, do by these presents, confirm unto the said Richard Shute, John Drake, and Henry Fowler, in the behalf of the rest of the inhabitants of Eastchester aforesaid, their heirs and assigns for ever, and we the above said Woariatapus, Annhook, and Porrige, will warrant and defend the same from all incumbrances whatsoever, of any person or persons laying claime, right, title, or demand, unto any part or parcel of the abovesaid tract of land, above mentioned, in witness whereof, we ihe said Woariatapus, Annhook, and Porrige, have hereunto put to our hands and scales, this third day of Dec. in the 12 year of his majesties reign, A.

Pell's patent, and soulherly to Hutchinson's brook, and from the head thereof, northwest to Brunckses his river, and so from the head of Hutchinson's river, northwest to Brunckses river, and so all the land betwixt Hutchinson's and Brunckses river, according as aforementioned, now know ye, that we, Woariatapus, Annhook, and Porrige. do owne, that we have received full satisfaction of Richard Shute, John Drake, and Henry Fowler, in ihe behalf of the rest of the inhabitants of Eastchester aforesaid, for the said tract of land, and we the abovesaid Woariatapus, Annhook, and Porrige, do by these presents, confirm unto the said Richard Shute, John Drake, and Henry Fowler, in the behalf of the rest of the inhabitants of Eastchester aforesaid, their heirs and assigns for ever, and we the above said Woariatapus, Annhook, and Porrige, will warrant and defend the same from all incumbrances whatsoever, of any person or persons laying claime, right, title, or demand, unto any part or parcel of the abovesaid tract of land, above mentioned, in witness whereof, we ihe said Woariatapus, Annhook, and Porrige, have hereunto put to our hands and scales, this third day of Dec. in the 12 year of his majesties reign, A. D. 1700.

Signed, sealed, and delivered in pre- The mark of X

sence of us,- Robt. Bloomer, George Woariatapus

Copping, David Wliiilock.- The mark of AH Ann Hooke,

Gramatan Sachem, Porrige.

The same year it was resolved by the inhabitants of this town, " that Edmimd Ward shall have and hold 60 acres of land, in consideration that the said Edmund Ward do pay the Indians purely, and clear the said town of, and from the said pay, when need be, &c.

Signed, sealed, and delivered in pre- The mark of X

sence of us,- Robt. Bloomer, George Woariatapus

Copping, David Wliiilock.- The mark of AH Ann Hooke,

Gramatan Sachem, Porrige.

The same year it was resolved by the inhabitants of this town, " that Edmimd Ward shall have and hold 60 acres of land, in consideration that the said Edmund Ward do pay the Indians purely, and clear the said town of, and from the said pay, when need be, &c.

' Westchester Rec.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 131

The Indian purchase to be paid for as follows, viz., 14 guns, 12 coats, 12 Indian kettles, 12 Indian axes, 4 adzes, and 4 barrels of cider ; this agreement entered into by me, Richard Shute, recorder in Eastchester.

On the 6th of April, 1705, Patthunck, Sagamore, Hopescoe alias Porrige, Anne Hook, and Elias, Indian proprietors, sold to George Booth, joiner, of the city of New York, and his associates,

"All that our right of land which is not yet lawfully purchased, lying and being from the land which is now in dispute betwixt Westchester and Eastchester, and so running along by Hroncks's river to Hutchinson's river, and bounded on the north by Eastchester lyne, to have and to hold, &c."

Upon the 22d of Sept. 170S, the following letters patent were issued under the great seal of the Province, to Colonel William Peartree and his associates.*

"Anne by the grace of God, of Great Britain, France, and Ireland, &c., the queen, defender of the faith, &c. ; whereas, it appears, that our beloved cousin, Edward Viscount Cornbury, had granted to Col. William Peartree, Col. Jacobus van Cortlandt, Joseph van Home, Capt. John Drake, Thomas Pinckney, Joseph Drake, Edmund Ward, Henry Fowler, and Roger Barton, a grant for a tract of land in Westchester Co., beginning at Hutchinson's brook, at the end of the half mile mentioned in Eastchester patent, and so up the said Hutchinson's brook, as the brook runs to the head thereof, and from thence, northwest t© Brunckses river, and so up the said Brunckses river, as the river runs, till it comes to bear with the head of Hutchinson's river, due southeast to a chesnut tree, marked, and so down the said Hutchinson's river as the river runs, till it comes to the northeast, and southwest line of Eastchester patent, and so down southwest, along the said line, to the head of Rattlesnake bYook, and from thence down the said brook as the brook runs to the aforementioned half mile of Eastchester patent, and from thence westerly to the above said Hutchinson's brook, where it began : know ye, that we have ratified the said grant to the above mentioned persons, reserving what has been granted to Westchester, 23 of Sept. in the 7th year of her majesty's reign, A.

John Drake, Thomas Pinckney, Joseph Drake, Edmund Ward, Henry Fowler, and Roger Barton, a grant for a tract of land in Westchester Co., beginning at Hutchinson's brook, at the end of the half mile mentioned in Eastchester patent, and so up the said Hutchinson's brook, as the brook runs to the head thereof, and from thence, northwest t© Brunckses river, and so up the said Brunckses river, as the river runs, till it comes to bear with the head of Hutchinson's river, due southeast to a chesnut tree, marked, and so down the said Hutchinson's river as the river runs, till it comes to the northeast, and southwest line of Eastchester patent, and so down southwest, along the said line, to the head of Rattlesnake bYook, and from thence down the said brook as the brook runs to the aforementioned half mile of Eastchester patent, and from thence westerly to the above said Hutchinson's brook, where it began : know ye, that we have ratified the said grant to the above mentioned persons, reserving what has been granted to Westchester, 23 of Sept. in the 7th year of her majesty's reign, A. D. ITOS.b

a This individual was Mayor of the city of N. Y. in 1703, and for njany years senior warden of Trinity Church, in that city, b Alb. Book of Pat. No. p. 380.

3J2 HISTORY OF THE

In 1724, the inhabitants of East Chester appear to have held a quit-rent on the patent of Jacobus van Cortlandt, and others,

D. ITOS.b

a This individual was Mayor of the city of N. Y. in 1703, and for njany years senior warden of Trinity Church, in that city, b Alb. Book of Pat. No. p. 380.

3J2 HISTORY OF THE

In 1724, the inhabitants of East Chester appear to have held a quit-rent on the patent of Jacobus van Cortlandt, and others,

The following items relate to the election of town officers from 1672 to KS3.

On the 13th of February, 1672, Samuel Drake was voted in constable for the year ensuing.

April 24th, 1673, the inhabitants nominated William Haiden, for the first man to be presented to our commander for our magistrate.

Mr, John Hart was elected magistrate, A. D. 1673.

This 24th day of August, 1673, the inliabitants have nominated "William Haiden, for the first man to present to our commander for a magistrate, and John Hoitte for the ground man. Upon nomination also this same day we have forthwith agreed that our desire is, that Mr. John Pell may be proposed to our commander for the year as a skoutte.

The same year Richard Shute, was chosen town recorder.

In 16S6, John Pinckney appears as supervisor ; Richard Shute, clerk of the town court ; Joseph Drake, constable ; William Haiden, Samuel Drake and Philip Pinckney, town commissioners ; William Haiden and John Pinckney, representatives.

In 1691, John Pinckney, supervisor.

The following election took place in 1776-7.

Stephen Ward, supervisor; Samuel Sneden, town clerk; Charles Guion, collector ; Solomon Drake and Moses Drake, assessors ; Thomas Farrington, Joshua Ferris, Joseph Gedney, overseers of roads ; Thomas Pinckney and William Fowler, overseers of fences ; Edmund Ward and John Sneden, viewers of fences ; Stephen Ward and William Fowler, pounders.

In 16S6, John Pinckney appears as supervisor ; Richard Shute, clerk of the town court ; Joseph Drake, constable ; William Haiden, Samuel Drake and Philip Pinckney, town commissioners ; William Haiden and John Pinckney, representatives.

In 1691, John Pinckney, supervisor.

The following election took place in 1776-7.

Stephen Ward, supervisor; Samuel Sneden, town clerk; Charles Guion, collector ; Solomon Drake and Moses Drake, assessors ; Thomas Farrington, Joshua Ferris, Joseph Gedney, overseers of roads ; Thomas Pinckney and William Fowler, overseers of fences ; Edmund Ward and John Sneden, viewers of fences ; Stephen Ward and William Fowler, pounders.

The first independent election for town officers took place on the 22d of December, 1783, under the superintendence of Stephen Ward and Ebenezer S. Burling Esq. <fcc., (in accordance with an

« Town Rec. No 2.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 133

act of the legislature passed October 23, 1779,} when the following persons were elected.

Ebenezer Burling, Esq., supervisor; Charles Ward, town clerk; William Crawford, jun., constable and collector; Thomas Pinckney, Jacob Hunt, Daniel Learing and John Wright, assessors; Charles Guion, EUsha Shute and James Morgan, overseers of roads ; William Crawford and James Morgan, pounders ; AVilliam Crawford and Charles Guion, to take care of public edifices.^

The public lands of Eastchester are now managed by a board of trustees, according to an act of the legislature passed May 1 Ith, 1846.b

The village of Eastchester is situated in the south east angle of the town, at the head of the Eastchester bay, fifteen miles from the city of New York ; it contains about three hundred and fifty inhabitants, fifty dwelling houses, one Episcopal and one Methodist church, post office, three taverns, four stores, and one grist mill. There is also a convenient landing,^ from whence sail several sloops trading with the New York market. .

The village of Eastchester is situated in the south east angle of the town, at the head of the Eastchester bay, fifteen miles from the city of New York ; it contains about three hundred and fifty inhabitants, fifty dwelling houses, one Episcopal and one Methodist church, post office, three taverns, four stores, and one grist mill. There is also a convenient landing,^ from whence sail several sloops trading with the New York market. . The first settlement in this town appears to have been commenced near the Indian path, (subsequently known as the Westchester path or Kingsbridge road,) leading to the wading place, cir. 1664, at a spot called Hutchinson's. "That is where the house stood at the meadows and uplands to Hutchinson's river."'^ ' In 1666 it was by royal charter enacted, " That the plantation shall continue and retain ye name of Eastchester, by which name and style it shall be forever hereafter distinguished and known, &c."

The early planters in order to concentrate their dwellings as much as possible, (so as to protect themselves and families,) laid

a Town Records. -- The town books consist of three volumes ; the first commencing on the 13th of February, 1672 ; 2d vol. in 1693 ; 3d vol. at a much later period.

b Laws of N. Y. 69 session, chap. 185-208.

« At an early period called Sillick's landing, A. D. 1G76.

d Extracts from Pell's grant.

134 HISTORY OF THE

out the original farms in narrow strips called home lots, which radiated from the village fort in all directions.

a Town Records. -- The town books consist of three volumes ; the first commencing on the 13th of February, 1672 ; 2d vol. in 1693 ; 3d vol. at a much later period.

b Laws of N. Y. 69 session, chap. 185-208.

« At an early period called Sillick's landing, A. D. 1G76.

d Extracts from Pell's grant.

134 HISTORY OF THE

out the original farms in narrow strips called home lots, which radiated from the village fort in all directions.

At a meeting of the inhabitants, held Oct. 16th, 1675, it was resolved, "That we will forthwith fit William Haiden's house by his land, soe as that it may, by God's helpe and blessing, answer our honorable governor's order and our own preservation. At the same time John Jackson, Richard Hoadley and Samuel Drake, jun. were chosen to stake out the place as aforementioned for the said fortification ; also John Jackson and Richard Shute were chosen to the constable to be overseers for the carrying on the said works ; and it was further agreed, that for a man's day's work, (provided he do an honest day's work,) he shall be allowed two shillings and sixpence a day, for a man, and for their cattle, cart, or tackling to do the work, or four oxen, shall be allowed six shillings a day, for two oxen, five shillings per day, and so begin the said work on Thursday next, it being the 17th of this instant, A. D. 1675."^ The above structure (commonly called the General Fort) was erected by the village farmers, on the hill north-west of Mr. Philemon Fowler's residence. ^ The ruins of this Fort were distinctly visible thirty years ago.

At the same time John Jackson, Richard Hoadley and Samuel Drake, jun. were chosen to stake out the place as aforementioned for the said fortification ; also John Jackson and Richard Shute were chosen to the constable to be overseers for the carrying on the said works ; and it was further agreed, that for a man's day's work, (provided he do an honest day's work,) he shall be allowed two shillings and sixpence a day, for a man, and for their cattle, cart, or tackling to do the work, or four oxen, shall be allowed six shillings a day, for two oxen, five shillings per day, and so begin the said work on Thursday next, it being the 17th of this instant, A. D. 1675."^ The above structure (commonly called the General Fort) was erected by the village farmers, on the hill north-west of Mr. Philemon Fowler's residence. ^ The ruins of this Fort were distinctly visible thirty years ago.

Upon the 1st day of Dec. 1675, Samuel Drake, sen. was appointed by the inhabitants of Eastchester " to appear at the honorable Court of Sessions against Mr. Pell, concerning Eastchester work as not being a fort.''^

By the governor's orders it appears to have been dismantled the following year, for on the 4th of Sept. 1676, we find the inhabitants agreeing " to employ a man to tear or to take down the stockadoes according to our governor's order ; also on the same occasion, Richard Shute was chosen to go to Westchester to hire or make an agreement with John Hudson to carry the stockadoes of Eastchester down to Yorke."<i

By the governor's orders it appears to have been dismantled the following year, for on the 4th of Sept. 1676, we find the inhabitants agreeing " to employ a man to tear or to take down the stockadoes according to our governor's order ; also on the same occasion, Richard Shute was chosen to go to Westchester to hire or make an agreement with John Hudson to carry the stockadoes of Eastchester down to Yorke."<i

■^ Town Rec. vol. 1.

t> This gentleman who has for nearly half a century filled the office of senior warden of St. Paul'" Church, Eastchester, is a descendant of Henry Fowler, one of the original patentees of this town,

'- Town Rec.

d Town Rf'c

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 135

Near the fort, was located the general fold, into which all cattle were driven nightly for protection. The fold appears to have been constructed sometime prior to 1684.

The first school-house was erected in 1683, for at a public meeting of the inhabitants, held on the 15th of October of that year, it was ordered, " that a school-house be erected upon a site between the property of Richard Shule and William Haiden, and encouragement given to Mr. Morgan Jones to become tlie school-master."*

This building occupied the site of the present village schoolhouse. Thus the ground has been used for this purpose one hundred and sixty- four years.

In 1685 it was agreed to build a town house, fourteen feet long and twelve feet broad, and to set it up by the highway side between the houses of Captain William Haiden and Richard Shute.

The first school-house was erected in 1683, for at a public meeting of the inhabitants, held on the 15th of October of that year, it was ordered, " that a school-house be erected upon a site between the property of Richard Shule and William Haiden, and encouragement given to Mr. Morgan Jones to become tlie school-master."*

This building occupied the site of the present village schoolhouse. Thus the ground has been used for this purpose one hundred and sixty- four years.

In 1685 it was agreed to build a town house, fourteen feet long and twelve feet broad, and to set it up by the highway side between the houses of Captain William Haiden and Richard Shute.

Beside the home lots, the proprietors held equal shares in the planting lands, (situated on the west side of Rattlesnake brook,) tthe commons, or Conoval meadows, and the sheep pasture.

At a town meeting, held 21st February, 1705, the inhabitants did agree by vote, '^ that all the land below Annhooks brook, and also a strait line from the old meadow to the head of Rattlesnake brook, beside all the land between Hutchinsons brook, an Rattlesnake brook, to the extent of the half mile shall be for a perpetual sh:ep pasture.'''^

Upon the 30th of May, 1707, John Drake and Edmund Ward were chosen sheep-masters by the freeholders of Eastchester.

The town and village of Eastchester were distinguished, in our early colonial annals, for the active part they took in favor of Governor Leisler; for we find " Leisler's party strengthened on the 3d of June, 16S9, by the addition of six captains and four hundred men in New York, and a company of seventy men from Eastchester, who had all subscribed on that day a solemn declaration to preserve the Protestant religion and the fort of New York for the Prince of Orange and the Governor whom the Prince might appoint as their protector.''^

The town and village of Eastchester were distinguished, in our early colonial annals, for the active part they took in favor of Governor Leisler; for we find " Leisler's party strengthened on the 3d of June, 16S9, by the addition of six captains and four hundred men in New York, and a company of seventy men from Eastchester, who had all subscribed on that day a solemn declaration to preserve the Protestant religion and the fort of New York for the Prince of Orange and the Governor whom the Prince might appoint as their protector.''^

"^ Town Rec. ^ Town Rec. vol. ii.

« Smith's History of New York, English edition, p. 59.

136 HISTORY OF THE

The pleasant village green in front of St. Paul's Church was formerly used as a general training ground for this section of the county, and here, too, the county elections were not unfrequently held. The following article is taken from the New York Weekly Journal of Monday, Dec. 24th, 1733, "containing the freshest advices, foreign and domestic :" --

" Westchester, Oct. 2Qth, 1733. " On this day Lewis Morris, Esq., late chief justice of this province, was, by a majority of voices, elected a representative from the county of Westchester. * * Election of great expectation : the court and country's interest was exerted (as is said) to the utmost. I shall give my readers a particular account of it, as I had it from a person that was present at it. Nicholas Cooper, Esq., high sheriff of the said county, having, by papers affixed to the church of Eastchester and other public places, given notice of the day and place of election, without mentioning any time of the day when it was to be done, which made the electors on the side of the late judge very suspicious that some fraud was intended -- to prevent which, about fifty of them kept watch upon and about the green at Eastchester (the place of election) from 12 o'clock the night before till the morning of that day.

Nicholas Cooper, Esq., high sheriff of the said county, having, by papers affixed to the church of Eastchester and other public places, given notice of the day and place of election, without mentioning any time of the day when it was to be done, which made the electors on the side of the late judge very suspicious that some fraud was intended -- to prevent which, about fifty of them kept watch upon and about the green at Eastchester (the place of election) from 12 o'clock the night before till the morning of that day. The other electors, beginning to move on Sun-» day afternoon and evening, so as to be at New Rochelle by midnight, their way lay through Harrison's Purchase, the inhabitants of which provided for their entertainment as they passed each house in their way, having a table plentifully covered for that purpose. About midnight they all met at the house of William Le Count, at New Rochelle, whose house, not being large enough to entertain so great a number, a large fire was made in the street, by which they sat till daylight, at which time they began to move. They were joined on the hill at the east end of the town by about seventy horse of the electors of the lower part of the county, and then proceeded towards the place of election in the following order, viz. : First rode two trumpeters and three violins ; next four of the principal freeholders, one of which carried a banner, on one side of which was affixed, in gold capitals, 'King George,' and on the other, in golden capitals, ' Liberty and Law ;' next followed the candidate, Lewis Morris, Esq., late chief justice of this province, then two colors, and at sun rising they entered upon the green of Eastchester, the place of election, followed by above three hundred horse of the principal freeholders of the county (a greater number than had ever appeared for one man since the settlement of that county.) After having rode three times round the green, they went to the houses of Joseph Fowler and Child, who were well prepared for their reception ; the late chief justice was met, on his alighting, by several gentlemen who came there to give their votes for him.

They were joined on the hill at the east end of the town by about seventy horse of the electors of the lower part of the county, and then proceeded towards the place of election in the following order, viz. : First rode two trumpeters and three violins ; next four of the principal freeholders, one of which carried a banner, on one side of which was affixed, in gold capitals, 'King George,' and on the other, in golden capitals, ' Liberty and Law ;' next followed the candidate, Lewis Morris, Esq., late chief justice of this province, then two colors, and at sun rising they entered upon the green of Eastchester, the place of election, followed by above three hundred horse of the principal freeholders of the county (a greater number than had ever appeared for one man since the settlement of that county.) After having rode three times round the green, they went to the houses of Joseph Fowler and Child, who were well prepared for their reception ; the late chief justice was met, on his alighting, by several gentlemen who came there to give their votes for him. About 11 o'clock appeared the candidate of the other side, William Forster, Esq., schoolmaster, appointed by the Society for Propagation of the Gospel, and lately made, by commission from

COUiNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 137

his Excellency, (the present governor,) Clerk of the Peace and Common Pleas in that county, which commission, it is said, he purchased for the valuable consideration of one hundred pistoles, given the governor : next him came two ensigns, borne by two of the freeholders ; then followed the Honorable James De Lancey, Esq., chief justice of the province of New York, and the Honorable Frederick Phillipse, Esq., second judge of the said province and baron of the exchequer, attended by about a hundred and seventy horse of the freeholders and friends of the said Forster and the two judges : they entered the green on the east side, and, riding twice round it, their word was ' No Land Tax.' As they passed, the second judge very civilly saluted the late chief justice by taking off his hat, which the late judge returned in the same manner, some of the late judge's party crying out ' No Excise ;' and one of them was heard to say (though not by the judge) ' No Pretender ;' upon which, Forster, the candidate, replied, ' I will take notice of you :' they, afterj.hat, retired to

his Excellency, (the present governor,) Clerk of the Peace and Common Pleas in that county, which commission, it is said, he purchased for the valuable consideration of one hundred pistoles, given the governor : next him came two ensigns, borne by two of the freeholders ; then followed the Honorable James De Lancey, Esq., chief justice of the province of New York, and the Honorable Frederick Phillipse, Esq., second judge of the said province and baron of the exchequer, attended by about a hundred and seventy horse of the freeholders and friends of the said Forster and the two judges : they entered the green on the east side, and, riding twice round it, their word was ' No Land Tax.' As they passed, the second judge very civilly saluted the late chief justice by taking off his hat, which the late judge returned in the same manner, some of the late judge's party crying out ' No Excise ;' and one of them was heard to say (though not by the judge) ' No Pretender ;' upon which, Forster, the candidate, replied, ' I will take notice of you :' they, afterj.hat, retired to

the house of Baker, which was prepared to receive and entertain them.

About an hour after, the high sherifi' came to town finely mounted, the housings and holster caps being scarlet, richly laced with silver, belonging to .

Upon his approach, the electors on both sides went into the green where they were to elect, and after having read his majesty's writ, bid the electors proceed to the choice, which they did, and a great majority appeared for Mr. Morris, the late judge ; upon which, a poll was demanded, but by whom is not known to the relator, though it was said by many to be done by the sheriff himself.

About an hour after, the high sherifi' came to town finely mounted, the housings and holster caps being scarlet, richly laced with silver, belonging to .

Upon his approach, the electors on both sides went into the green where they were to elect, and after having read his majesty's writ, bid the electors proceed to the choice, which they did, and a great majority appeared for Mr. Morris, the late judge ; upon which, a poll was demanded, but by whom is not known to the relator, though it was said by many to be done by the sheriff himself. Morris, the candidate, several times asked the sheriff upon whose side the majority appeared, but could get no other reply but that a poll must be had, and accordingly, after about two hours delay in getting benches, chairs and tables, they began to poll. Soon after, one of those called Quakers, a man of known worth and estate, came to give his vote for the late judge. Upon this, Forster, and the two Fowlers, Moses and William, chosen by him to be inspectors, questioned his having an estate, and required of the sheriff to tender him the book to swear, in due form of law, which he refused to do, but offered to take his solemn afiirmation, which both by the laws of England and the laws ©f this province w-as indulged, to the people called Quakers, and had always been practised, from the first election of representatives, in this province, to this time, and never refused ; but the sheriff was deaf to all that could be alleged on that side ; and notwithstanding that he was told by the late chief justice, and James Alexander, Esq., one of his Majesty's council, and counsellor at law, and by William Smith, Esq., cotmsellor at law, that such a procedure was contrary to law, and a violent attempt of the liberties of the people, he still persisted in refusing the said Quaker to vote, and in like manner did refuse seven and thirty Quakers more -- men of known and visible estates.

Upon this, Forster, and the two Fowlers, Moses and William, chosen by him to be inspectors, questioned his having an estate, and required of the sheriff to tender him the book to swear, in due form of law, which he refused to do, but offered to take his solemn afiirmation, which both by the laws of England and the laws ©f this province w-as indulged, to the people called Quakers, and had always been practised, from the first election of representatives, in this province, to this time, and never refused ; but the sheriff was deaf to all that could be alleged on that side ; and notwithstanding that he was told by the late chief justice, and James Alexander, Esq., one of his Majesty's council, and counsellor at law, and by William Smith, Esq., cotmsellor at law, that such a procedure was contrary to law, and a violent attempt of the liberties of the people, he still persisted in refusing the said Quaker to vote, and in like manner did refuse seven and thirty Quakers more -- men of known and visible estates. This Cooper, now high sheriff of the said county, is said not only to be a stranger in that county, but not having a foot of land, or other visible estate in it, unless very lately granted, and it is believed he has not where withall to purchase any. The polling had not been long continued before Mr. Edward Vol. I. 18 . .

138 HISTORY OF THE

This Cooper, now high sheriff of the said county, is said not only to be a stranger in that county, but not having a foot of land, or other visible estate in it, unless very lately granted, and it is believed he has not where withall to purchase any. The polling had not been long continued before Mr. Edward Vol. I. 18 . .

138 HISTORY OF THE

Stephens, a man of a very considerable estate in the said county, did openly, in the hearing of all the freeholders there assembled, charge \Yiiliam Forster, Esq., the candidate on the other side, with being a Jacobite, and in the interest of the Pretender, and that he should say to Mr. ^Yilliam Willett (a person of good estate and known integiity, who was at that time present and ready to make oath to the truth of what was said) that true it was he had taken the oaths to his Majesty, King George, and enjoyed a place in the governnfrent

under him, which gave him bread ; yet notwithstanding that, should

James come into England, he should think himself obliged to go there and fight for him. This was loudly and strongly urged to Forster's face, who denied it to be true ; and no more was said of it at that time. About eleven o'clock that night the poll was closed, and it stood thus : --

For the late chief justice, 231

" Quakers, 38

For William Forster, Esq.^ 151

under him, which gave him bread ; yet notwithstanding that, should

James come into England, he should think himself obliged to go there and fight for him. This was loudly and strongly urged to Forster's face, who denied it to be true ; and no more was said of it at that time. About eleven o'clock that night the poll was closed, and it stood thus : --

For the late chief justice, 231

" Quakers, 38

For William Forster, Esq.^ 151

For difference, 118

So that the late chief justice carried it by a great majority, without the Quakers. Upon closing the poll the other candidate, Forster, and the sheriff wished ihe late chief justice much joy. Forster said he hoped the late judge would not think the worse of him for setting up against him, to which the judge Replied, he believed he was put upon it against his inclinations, but that he was highly blamable, and who did or should know better for putting the sheriff, who was a stranger, and ignorant in such matters, upon making so violent an attempt upon the liberty of the people, which would expose him to ruin if he were worth jC10,000 if the people aggrieved should commence suit against him. Tlie people made a loud huzza, which the late chief judge blamed very much, as what he thought not right. Forster replied, he took no notice of what the common people did, since Mr. Morris did not put put them upon the doing of it.

Forster said he hoped the late judge would not think the worse of him for setting up against him, to which the judge Replied, he believed he was put upon it against his inclinations, but that he was highly blamable, and who did or should know better for putting the sheriff, who was a stranger, and ignorant in such matters, upon making so violent an attempt upon the liberty of the people, which would expose him to ruin if he were worth jC10,000 if the people aggrieved should commence suit against him. Tlie people made a loud huzza, which the late chief judge blamed very much, as what he thought not right. Forster replied, he took no notice of what the common people did, since Mr. Morris did not put put them upon the doing of it.

The indentures being sealed, the whole body of electors waited on their new representative to his lodgings with trumpets sounding, and violins playing^ and in a little time took their leave^f him. Thus ended the Westchester election to the general satisfaction.

New York, November 5th. On Wednesday, 31st October, the late chief justice, but now representative, for the county of Westchester landed in this city about five o'clock in the evening, at the ferry stairs. On his landing he was saluted by a general fire of the guns from the merchant vessels lying in the road, and was received by great numbers of the most considerable merchants and inhabitants of this city, and by them, with loud acclamations of the people as

On Wednesday, 31st October, the late chief justice, but now representative, for the county of Westchester landed in this city about five o'clock in the evening, at the ferry stairs. On his landing he was saluted by a general fire of the guns from the merchant vessels lying in the road, and was received by great numbers of the most considerable merchants and inhabitants of this city, and by them, with loud acclamations of the people as

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 139

he walked the streets, conducted to the Black Horse tavern, where a handsome entertainment was prepared for him at the charge of the gentlemen who received him, and in the middle of one side of the room was fixed a tablet with golden capitals, " King George, Liberty, and Law."*

The road which passes through the village green on the north side of the church, was formerly called the Kingsbridge turnpike. This road appears to have been first opened in 1G71, as we find in that year, "Mr. John Pell, and Mr. John Richbell appointed to lay out the new road to New England, through Eastchester."^ The Kingsbridge road was the first stage route estabhshed between New York and Boston in 1732. "The coach, which would at the present time be thought an extremely slow one, was fourteen days in the journey, carrying news to and fro once a month. "c

Beneath the shade of the venerable locusts (which still adorn the green,) stood the village stocks, erected in 1720. ^ Embedded in the bark of one of the trees may be seen the iron staple to which culprits were formerly attached and publicly whipped. Upon the green, between the locust trees and the present church yard, stood the old parish church, built by the Independents, about 1699. This edifice was destroyed by fire at an early period of the Revolution. e

Beneath the shade of the venerable locusts (which still adorn the green,) stood the village stocks, erected in 1720. ^ Embedded in the bark of one of the trees may be seen the iron staple to which culprits were formerly attached and publicly whipped. Upon the green, between the locust trees and the present church yard, stood the old parish church, built by the Independents, about 1699. This edifice was destroyed by fire at an early period of the Revolution. e

The first settlers of Eastchester, like the people in general of that day, paid early attention to religion, to the support of the gospel, and the institutions of the church to which they belonged. The Congregational church in this place was gathered in 1665 ; for, in that year it was ordered : "That all and every one of us, or that shall be of us, do pay unto the minister according to his mead," also, " that we give new encouragement to Mr. Brewster each other week, to give us a word of exhortation."^ A. D. 1670,

a Nev7 York Weekly Journal, 1733, No, viii.

b Assize Rec. Alb.

c Bridgman's Hort. Rep. 1846.

d The stocks consisted of a rude wooden instrument, firmly secured in the ground, into which the offenders' hands and feet were locked. It was once a common mode of punishment, but since the Revolution has fallen into disuse. -- Editor.

^ The fact that the old church once stood upon the green is conclusive evidence that this property is still vested in the church.

a Nev7 York Weekly Journal, 1733, No, viii.

b Assize Rec. Alb.

c Bridgman's Hort. Rep. 1846.

d The stocks consisted of a rude wooden instrument, firmly secured in the ground, into which the offenders' hands and feet were locked. It was once a common mode of punishment, but since the Revolution has fallen into disuse. -- Editor.

^ The fact that the old church once stood upon the green is conclusive evidence that this property is still vested in the church.

f See Covenant.

140 HISTORY OF THE

it was farther enacted : " That whereas we being a society oT christians living together, liave agreed that all those of our association shall join togther in meeting on Lord's days to tell aboiU the worship of God ; it was also resolved that whereas Moses Hoit being deserter, and being behind, and not seeming to be willing to contribute unto our minister, whereupon the inhabitants of Eastchester have agreed that the said Moses shall be presented unto the next Court of Sessions," (fcc.

Upon the 29th of July, 1674, Richard Shute was chosen for to go to our honored governor as a representative from the village of Eastchester, upon the occasion that we may have the Rev. Ezekiel Fogge to be established and confirmed by our honorable governor, and also the humble request to have the liberty or grant to build a Chapel of Ease, and not to be paying toward Westchester church's building."

The following day, at a public meeting of the inhabitants of Eastchester, it was resolved by vote, " to go jointly unto Westchester, and so speake with the Rev. Mr. Fogge, by reason we heard that Mr. Fogge did express himself to be desirous, and also willing to live and settle among us in Eastchester ; in consideration whereof, we are willing to manifest our acceptance to embrace his good company, and shall provide for his present comfort, and likewise for his future livelihood."

The following day, at a public meeting of the inhabitants of Eastchester, it was resolved by vote, " to go jointly unto Westchester, and so speake with the Rev. Mr. Fogge, by reason we heard that Mr. Fogge did express himself to be desirous, and also willing to live and settle among us in Eastchester ; in consideration whereof, we are willing to manifest our acceptance to embrace his good company, and shall provide for his present comfort, and likewise for his future livelihood."

Upon the 5th of September, 1677, it v^ras agreed, '-'that if it be the will of God to bring a minister to settle among us we pay him £40 a year, for his subsistence, and also provide him a house and land for his use during the time he stays here as our minister. At this meeting it was resolved to send Philip Pinckney and Samuel Drake, sen., as representatives to Westchester to the town meeting to treat with that town for the providing a minister."

The 31st day of March, 1678, was appointed by the inhabitants of Eastchester, " to be kept as a day of fasting and prayer, that it will please Almighty God to withdraw his judgments from UP. As in some measure, according to our honored governor's order to keep the said day in the best manner we can attain unto.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

Mr. Pinckiiey appears to have been selected to carry on the said day of humiliation."

It was farther agreed on the same occasion. " that we will meet together on Sabbath days, for time to come to celebrate the worship and service of God, in the best manner that we can attain unto."

As in some measure, according to our honored governor's order to keep the said day in the best manner we can attain unto.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

Mr. Pinckiiey appears to have been selected to carry on the said day of humiliation."

It was farther agreed on the same occasion. " that we will meet together on Sabbath days, for time to come to celebrate the worship and service of God, in the best manner that we can attain unto."

It was also decided by vote, " that we will pay towards the carrying on the said Sabbath days services, by a free will offering for the year ensuing, the following sums :

s. d.

William Haiden,

14 0

Richard Shute,

12 0

Nathaniel Tompkins,

10 0

John Pinckney,

10 0

Richard Hoadly,

10 0

John Drake,

10 0

John Tompkins, Will. Gregier, Henry Fowler, Henry Creway, Samuel Drake,

s. d. OS 0 05 0 04 0 02 0 15 0

Upon the 17th of December, the inhabitants of Eastchester agreed to pay £40 a year unto Mr. Morgan Jones, minister of Newtown, L. I. That is to say, to be paid unto the said minisister, for his encouragement to administer the word of God unto us, as our minister ; and that we the said inhabitants, do engage to pay the abovesaid sum of £40 in good provincial pay, at the price according to the same of this government ; provided, that the said Mr. Jones do come and live among us. and perfor.n the office of a minister, and to pay it by vote."

That is to say, to be paid unto the said minisister, for his encouragement to administer the word of God unto us, as our minister ; and that we the said inhabitants, do engage to pay the abovesaid sum of £40 in good provincial pay, at the price according to the same of this government ; provided, that the said Mr. Jones do come and live among us. and perfor.n the office of a minister, and to pay it by vote."

Feb. 11th, 1680, we find the Rev. Morgan Jones, officiating in the village of Westchester.^

During the year 1684, Eastchester appears to have been united with Westchester in the support of a pastor, for, in the spring of the same year, it was resolved, " that the justices and vestrymen of West and Eastchester, and Yonkers, do accept of Mr. Warham Mather as our minister for one whole year.''^

At a public meeting of the inhabitants, held Sept. 5th, 1685,

» See Westchester.

b Westchester Rec.

142 HISTORY OF THE

it was resolved to contribute the following salary towards the maintenance of a minister.

£

s.

d.

Daniel Drake, jr.

Richard Shute.

Moses Hoite,

Richard Hoadley,

John Pinckney,

John Drake,

John Wear ford,

Cornell Goding,

Henry Fowler,

John Joan,

Nathaniel White,

£

5. d.

William Gray,

10 0

John Clarkson,

5 0

Thomas Norton,

6 0

John Shute,

5 0

Thomas Pinckney,

5 0

Walter Lancaster,

10 0

Thomas Keurkin,

7 0

do. junr.

5 0

John Coe,

10 0

it was resolved to contribute the following salary towards the maintenance of a minister.

£

s.

d.

Daniel Drake, jr.

Richard Shute.

Moses Hoite,

Richard Hoadley,

John Pinckney,

John Drake,

John Wear ford,

Cornell Goding,

Henry Fowler,

John Joan,

Nathaniel White,

£

5. d.

William Gray,

10 0

John Clarkson,

5 0

Thomas Norton,

6 0

John Shute,

5 0

Thomas Pinckney,

5 0

Walter Lancaster,

10 0

Thomas Keurkin,

7 0

do. junr.

5 0

John Coe,

10 0

This present testifieth, that we whose names are above written, do engage to pay the said several sums by us, every particular man, to pay as abovesaid, unto Mr. Morgan Jones, for the carrying on the work of the ministry for this present year ensuing." The following entry occurs in the records of Newtown Long Island, " Whereas. I, Morgan Jones, have officiated for some time as a minister in Newtown, without any agreement for a salary, upon the promise of some particular persons of the town, to allow me some small recompense, of their own accord, I do hereby acquit and discharge the town of all salary, moneys, goods, or wares, which I might claim. Aug. 28, 168G. Morgan Jones."*

This must have been preparatory to his removal and settlement in East or Westchester.

The Rev. Morgan Jones was succeeded by Mr. Samuel Goding, who received instructions to "read" in the Bible, and other good sermon books, and so to carry on the Sabbath exercises (in Eastchcster) according to the Hon. Colonel Fletcher's order.

I, Morgan Jones, have officiated for some time as a minister in Newtown, without any agreement for a salary, upon the promise of some particular persons of the town, to allow me some small recompense, of their own accord, I do hereby acquit and discharge the town of all salary, moneys, goods, or wares, which I might claim. Aug. 28, 168G. Morgan Jones."*

This must have been preparatory to his removal and settlement in East or Westchester.

The Rev. Morgan Jones was succeeded by Mr. Samuel Goding, who received instructions to "read" in the Bible, and other good sermon books, and so to carry on the Sabbath exercises (in Eastchcster) according to the Hon. Colonel Fletcher's order.

On the 30th of Nov., 1692, the inliabitants of Eastchester,

* Thompson's Long Island, vol. ii. 140.

COUiNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

agreed to pay the following sums towards the support of Mr

Goding.

Henry Fowler offers one bushel of good winter wheat. John Tompkins 3 0 John Drake 4 0

2 0 John Pinckney 5 pecks of Indian corn.

4 0 William Gray 2 0

John Shuts 3 0 2 0 Bcnj. Taylor 2 0

Thomas Shute 4 6.

Jonn Clark Joseph Drake Thomas Pinckney 3 0 Isaac Taylor

Upon the 9th of May, 1693, it was resolved that a meeting bouse should be built, and Captain William Haiden, John Drake, John Pinckney, Richard Shute, and Henry Fowler, sen. were appointed overseers to superintend the work." ". On the 31st of July, 1696, it was determined to lighten the meeting house by a lantern to every seat of the same. The following is a plan of the meeting house, with the names of pewholders, as represented in the town records. a ,

Upon the 9th of May, 1693, it was resolved that a meeting bouse should be built, and Captain William Haiden, John Drake, John Pinckney, Richard Shute, and Henry Fowler, sen. were appointed overseers to superintend the work." ". On the 31st of July, 1696, it was determined to lighten the meeting house by a lantern to every seat of the same. The following is a plan of the meeting house, with the names of pewholders, as represented in the town records. a ,

Mr. Justice Pinckney,

Richard White,

Tliomas White,

John White, ■ > ';

Mates Fowler,

The south side belong to this. -. -:

Henry Fowler, sen. John Pinckney, Moses Hoit, sen. " - Moses Hoit, jun. .^ / ' John Haute, . - ,. Robert Stonith, ■,• ' John Lancaster, ' - East to this.

Capt. John Drake, Ensign Drake, - -■ .: • ^.'■- John Tompkins, Nathan'l Tompkins, Mr. Will. Chaterton, a place of John Clark, South side to this.

Isaac Taylor, Isaac Lawrence, Edward Hancock, Thomas Vail, Jeremiah Fowler, Isaac Odcll, John Coe,

Joseph Coe, " *•. West to this. ■ -' "

■^ ■ -

169.

* There is a tradition in the Pinckney family, that one of its early members presented the land to the church, embracing the present green, church-yard and adjoining property, for which they enjoy the privilege of free interment.

144 HISTORY OF THE

By an act of Provincial Assembly, passed 1 llh of May, 1697, the parish of Westchester was divided into four several districts, viz. Westchester, Eastchester, Yonkers, and the manor of Pelham.a

■^ ■ -

169.

* There is a tradition in the Pinckney family, that one of its early members presented the land to the church, embracing the present green, church-yard and adjoining property, for which they enjoy the privilege of free interment.

144 HISTORY OF THE

By an act of Provincial Assembly, passed 1 llh of May, 1697, the parish of Westchester was divided into four several districts, viz. Westchester, Eastchester, Yonkers, and the manor of Pelham.a

In August, 1699, we find the inhabitants of the precinct of Eastchester petitioning the Governor, Council and General Assembly, in behalf of themselves, and for their neighbors in Yonkers and the Mile Square, to be taken off from the parish of Westchester, and to have liberty to call a minister of their own."

On the 26th of December, 1699, it was resolved, at a public meeting b.eld in Eastchester, " to haste and erect the said meeting house, and that it shall be finished at or before the 3lst of Ma}^ in the year of our Lord 1700, and in case the said work be not finished, that then John Drake and Jeremiah Fowler shall set men at work and finish the said work on the town account.

The same year a lot was provided for the minister, and £30 appropriated annually for his salary, which sum was ordered to be raised upon all rateable estates. Mr. Henry Fowler at the same time was directed to " write a letter unto Mr. Morgan containing our proceedings."

On the 26th of December, 1699, it was resolved, at a public meeting b.eld in Eastchester, " to haste and erect the said meeting house, and that it shall be finished at or before the 3lst of Ma}^ in the year of our Lord 1700, and in case the said work be not finished, that then John Drake and Jeremiah Fowler shall set men at work and finish the said work on the town account.

The same year a lot was provided for the minister, and £30 appropriated annually for his salary, which sum was ordered to be raised upon all rateable estates. Mr. Henry Fowler at the same time was directed to " write a letter unto Mr. Morgan containing our proceedings."

Upon the 14th of October, 1700, we find Mr. Henry Fowler, sen. authorized by the inhabitants to proceed to New York to petition the General Assembly for the calling and settling a minister with ourselves, and that we may be freed from Westchester in the ministry."

12th of King William, lil. A. D. 1700, occurs an act of the General Assembly, declaring that

" Whereas since the passing of said act, (that of 1699,) it has been found inconvenient, to the great discouragement of religion and the public worship of God, for the inhabitants of Eastchester to travel to Westchester aforesaid at the preaching of God's word. Wherefore the said inhabitants and freeholders of the town of Eastchester have by their humble petition to the House of Representatives, now convened in General Assembly, most humbly prayed that it might be declared and enacted, and it was enacted, 1st. That the said town of Eastchester in the county of Westchester be henceforth and for ever here-

" Whereas since the passing of said act, (that of 1699,) it has been found inconvenient, to the great discouragement of religion and the public worship of God, for the inhabitants of Eastchester to travel to Westchester aforesaid at the preaching of God's word. Wherefore the said inhabitants and freeholders of the town of Eastchester have by their humble petition to the House of Representatives, now convened in General Assembly, most humbly prayed that it might be declared and enacted, and it was enacted, 1st. That the said town of Eastchester in the county of Westchester be henceforth and for ever here-

» Acts of Assembly, from 1691 to 1725.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 145

after separated from the parish of West and Eastchester, lower Yonkers and the manor of Pelham.

" 2d. It was further enacted (by the authority aforesaid) that the said town of Eastchester, &c. be and hereby is declared to be and remain for ever a distinct parish from the parish of Westchester, &c. by the name and style of the parish of Eastchester in the county of VA^estchester, provided that the freeholders and inhabitants thereof do maintain a good orthodox Protestant minister in the said town of Eastchester, &c.''a

June the 12th, 1700, "the town exchanged land with Mr. Joseph Morgan, pastor of the church in Eastchester."

"At a public town meeting called by order of the inhabitants, Oct. 4th, 1700, the said inhabitants directed Mr. Henry Fowler and Richard ^hute, (with the rest of the intended church,) to write nnto the reverend ministers in New England concerning the ordination ; they having the assistance of the Rev. Mr. Morgan. Also, that Mr. John Pinckney, Henry Fowler and Richard Shute, shall write unto his Excellency for his approbation, that he will be pleased to induct our minister the Rev.

"At a public town meeting called by order of the inhabitants, Oct. 4th, 1700, the said inhabitants directed Mr. Henry Fowler and Richard ^hute, (with the rest of the intended church,) to write nnto the reverend ministers in New England concerning the ordination ; they having the assistance of the Rev. Mr. Morgan. Also, that Mr. John Pinckney, Henry Fowler and Richard Shute, shall write unto his Excellency for his approbation, that he will be pleased to induct our minister the Rev. Joseph Moigan ; at the same time Joseph Drake and John Shute, were chosen to hire a man to build a pulpit on the town account.'' " Upon the 3d of April, 1702, John Drake and Thomas Pinckney were authorized to agree with a carpenter to make a pulpit, and set up the gallery and repair the window shutters, &c."

John Tompkins, jun., was also chosen " to beat the drum constantly every Lord's day if occasion require, and at other times when it is needful, and to keep the drum in rej^air, and the said inhabitants do promise to pay him therefor 9 pence a piece every one."

In a summary account of the state of the church in the province of New York, as it was laid before the clergy, convened October 5th, 1704, at New York, by the appointment of his Excellency Edw^ard Lord Viscount Cornbury and Colonel Francis Nicholson, it was stated, that "There is one independent congregation at Eastchester whose minister designs to leave tljere, whose congregation upon his departure are resolved to join with the church."^

John Tompkins, jun., was also chosen " to beat the drum constantly every Lord's day if occasion require, and at other times when it is needful, and to keep the drum in rej^air, and the said inhabitants do promise to pay him therefor 9 pence a piece every one."

In a summary account of the state of the church in the province of New York, as it was laid before the clergy, convened October 5th, 1704, at New York, by the appointment of his Excellency Edw^ard Lord Viscount Cornbury and Colonel Francis Nicholson, it was stated, that "There is one independent congregation at Eastchester whose minister designs to leave tljere, whose congregation upon his departure are resolved to join with the church."^

^ Laws of N. y. 1700, chap. xc. 40. b Church Record, vol. i., No. 16.

Vol. I, 19

146 HISTORY OF THE

Col. Caleb Heathcoate, in a letter to the secretary of the venerable Society for Propagating the Gospel in foreign parts, dated Manor of Scarsdale, November 9th, 1705, thus writes; "and thirdly, one Mr. Morgan, who was minister of Eastchester, pron;»ised me to conform."^

To Mr. Morgan appears to have succeeded the celebrated AVilliam Tennent, who officiated here for a short time only, from whence he removed to Bedford. ^

A LIST OF MINISTERS OF THE CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH,

EASTCHESTERo

Jnstituted Ministers. Vacated by

1665-G, Rev. Brewster, Resignation,

1675, ** Ezekiel Fogge, ditto

16S4, " Warham Mather, ditto

16S6, '' Morgan Jones, ditto

1692, " Samuel Goding, ditto

Caleb Heathcoate, in a letter to the secretary of the venerable Society for Propagating the Gospel in foreign parts, dated Manor of Scarsdale, November 9th, 1705, thus writes; "and thirdly, one Mr. Morgan, who was minister of Eastchester, pron;»ised me to conform."^

To Mr. Morgan appears to have succeeded the celebrated AVilliam Tennent, who officiated here for a short time only, from whence he removed to Bedford. ^

A LIST OF MINISTERS OF THE CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH,

EASTCHESTERo

Jnstituted Ministers. Vacated by

1665-G, Rev. Brewster, Resignation,

1675, ** Ezekiel Fogge, ditto

16S4, " Warham Mather, ditto

16S6, '' Morgan Jones, ditto

1692, " Samuel Goding, ditto

1700, " Joseph Morgan, ditto

cir. 1720, " William Tennent, ditto

About 1703-4, the Congregational church of this place became merged in the Episcopal, (at that time the established religion of the colony,) which clearly appears from the following notice of the Rev. John Bartow, first Episcopal rector of the parish: " Besides Westchester, (observes Dr. Hawkins,) at which he resided, Mr. Bartow officiated once a month at Eastchester, and occasionally at Yonkers. The population of Westchester was about 553, that of Eastchester 400, who, being Presbyterians, obtained an act by which they were formed into a separate parish, and ob' tained a minister of their own persuasion, but on Mr. Bartow's comino[ among them " they were so well satisfied with the liturgy and doctrine of the church, that they forsook their minister and conformed to the Church of England.''^

The following memoranda occurs in the vestry book of St. Peter's Church, Westchester.

The population of Westchester was about 553, that of Eastchester 400, who, being Presbyterians, obtained an act by which they were formed into a separate parish, and ob' tained a minister of their own persuasion, but on Mr. Bartow's comino[ among them " they were so well satisfied with the liturgy and doctrine of the church, that they forsook their minister and conformed to the Church of England.''^

The following memoranda occurs in the vestry book of St. Peter's Church, Westchester.

January 12ih, 1702. *'It was resolved by the justices and vestrymen, that there shall be raised £50 for the minister's mainte-

» Church Rec vol. i. No. 29. t See Bedford. <^ See Westchester.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 147

nance, and poor of the parish, (the quota furnished by Eastchester Avas £7 13^.) to be paid unto the church wardens at or before the 15th of December, next ensuing." The name of Joseph Drake appears in the Ust of vestrymen.

On the same occasion, Edward Avery late constable of Eastchester produced a receipt from the Rev. John Bartow, for the minister's rale in the year 1703, stating that he had paid Mr. Bartow the sum of seven pounds thirteen shillings, for his collecting.*

On the 23d of December, 1707, it was resolved to raise the sum of five pounds towards purchasing boards for Eastchester church. b

In 1703 Capt. John Drake and Edmund Ward were appointed to go to New York to ask concerning the settling the minister according to a warrant granted by General Heathcoate, for the good of the county.c

John Bartow, for the minister's rale in the year 1703, stating that he had paid Mr. Bartow the sum of seven pounds thirteen shillings, for his collecting.*

On the 23d of December, 1707, it was resolved to raise the sum of five pounds towards purchasing boards for Eastchester church. b

In 1703 Capt. John Drake and Edmund Ward were appointed to go to New York to ask concerning the settling the minister according to a warrant granted by General Heathcoate, for the good of the county.c

Upon the 20th of March, 1703, it was agreed that " Judge Drake, Moses Fowler, and Isaac Taylor should have full power to hire a man to repair ye meeting house in Eastchester, and in making a pulpit and pew seat, (reading desk) and further to sell and make other seats in the same as far as the boards that are already bought will go."'^ In 1713 the Rev. John Bartow contri- Jbuted £9 6s. 6d. towards rectifying the pews and seats in East and Westchester.e During the year 1728, the Rev. Thomas Standard (rector of Westchester) officiated here every other Sunday, and publicly catechised the children. This year there appear to have been fifty children, and thirty communicants.^ In 1745 Mr. Standard informs the society that the parishes of East and Westchester are in a thriving and growing state." The Rev. Mr. Milner, his successor in 1764, reported to the Propagation Society, " That the peopk of Eastchester have laid the foundation of a new church of stone, seventy-one feet by eighty-eight,

Thomas Standard (rector of Westchester) officiated here every other Sunday, and publicly catechised the children. This year there appear to have been fifty children, and thirty communicants.^ In 1745 Mr. Standard informs the society that the parishes of East and Westchester are in a thriving and growing state." The Rev. Mr. Milner, his successor in 1764, reported to the Propagation Society, " That the peopk of Eastchester have laid the foundation of a new church of stone, seventy-one feet by eighty-eight,

* Westchester Rec. b Ibid.

« Hawkins Hist. Notices of the Church of England, 276. MS. Letters in the Lambeth collection, England, vol. xx. 109. d Town Rec.

•Ibid. • • • ■'-■-. -_^. j\

i Propagation Soc Rep.

148 HISTORY OF THE

in the room of a small decayed wooden building erected in the infancy of the settlement." Throughout the years 1766, 7, and 8> the Rev. Samuel Seabury (afterwards bishop of Connecticut,) officiated in Eastchester.

Occasionally the French clergy of New Rochelle must have performed services in this parish, as we find the following entry on the records of Trinity Church, New Rochelle.

'• Cet anjourd'hui le 5 mars, 173f , baptise a East Chester, William Fowler, fils de Joseph Fowler et de Madame Sarah sa femme age d'environ six mois, et presente au saint bapteme par Ezekiel H.ilstead, son oncle et par Sarah Fowler, sa mere, Parrain et Marraime. P. Stouppe."

The parsonage formerly stood on the Alstine property, directly north of the present church. Here the Rev. Thomas Standard resided for many years.^

Occasionally the French clergy of New Rochelle must have performed services in this parish, as we find the following entry on the records of Trinity Church, New Rochelle.

'• Cet anjourd'hui le 5 mars, 173f , baptise a East Chester, William Fowler, fils de Joseph Fowler et de Madame Sarah sa femme age d'environ six mois, et presente au saint bapteme par Ezekiel H.ilstead, son oncle et par Sarah Fowler, sa mere, Parrain et Marraime. P. Stouppe."

The parsonage formerly stood on the Alstine property, directly north of the present church. Here the Rev. Thomas Standard resided for many years.^

St. Paul's Church, Eastchester, was first incorporated on the 12ih of March, 1787, in pursuance of an act of the legislature passed April 6th, 1784 ; on which occasion Thomas Bartow? John Wright, Isaac Ward, Elisha Shute, Lewis Guion, and Philip Pell, jun., were unanimously elected trustees. This church was again incorporated 4th of October, 1795, by the style and title of '• St. Paul's Church in the town of Eastchester.''^ William Pop' ham and Lancaster Underbill, churchwardens. Philip Pelh Lewis Guion, Isaac Ward, John Reed, Isaac Guion, Abraham Valentine, William Pinckney and William Crawford, vestrymen.

We have previously shown, that the present church was erected in 1764, by the inhabitants of this town, situated in a pleasant valley (bordering the Aqueanouncke.) It presents from the neighboring hills, a very picturesque appearance. On the west end is a neat tower, containing a bell, which bears the following inscription. c

'THE GIFT OF THE REV. THOMAS STANDARD, 1758." "LESTER & PACK FECIT."

Philip Pelh Lewis Guion, Isaac Ward, John Reed, Isaac Guion, Abraham Valentine, William Pinckney and William Crawford, vestrymen.

We have previously shown, that the present church was erected in 1764, by the inhabitants of this town, situated in a pleasant valley (bordering the Aqueanouncke.) It presents from the neighboring hills, a very picturesque appearance. On the west end is a neat tower, containing a bell, which bears the following inscription. c

'THE GIFT OF THE REV. THOMAS STANDARD, 1758." "LESTER & PACK FECIT."

" It appears that as early as 1699 a lot was provided for the minister.

b In pursuance of an act passed for the relief of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the state of New York, 17th March, 1795.

e Immediately above the tower door are inscribed the initials of the principal benefactors, viz. P. n. P., P. P., I), v., nli^o a tablet bearing the date of erection 1765.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

Beneath the chancel floor, repose the remains of the Rev. Thomas Standard, former rector of the parish, and Anne his wife. a

St. Paul's Church, Eastchester.

The chandelier and organ, were the gift of George Rapelje, Esq.

The communion silver consists of a flaggon, two chalices, and paten.

The former bears the following inscription :

St. Paul's Ch., Eastchester, N. Y.

In memory of

Mrs. Mary Gregg,

obt. Janry. 2d, 1844.

yE 71 years.

The chalices are inscribed as follows : 1st. St. Paul's Church, Eastchester, N. Y., from Mrs. John Q^uincy Adams, 1829.

Thomas Standard, former rector of the parish, and Anne his wife. a

St. Paul's Church, Eastchester.

The chandelier and organ, were the gift of George Rapelje, Esq.

The communion silver consists of a flaggon, two chalices, and paten.

The former bears the following inscription :

St. Paul's Ch., Eastchester, N. Y.

In memory of

Mrs. Mary Gregg,

obt. Janry. 2d, 1844.

yE 71 years.

The chalices are inscribed as follows : 1st. St. Paul's Church, Eastchester, N. Y., from Mrs. John Q^uincy Adams, 1829.

2d. The gift of Frederick van Cortlandt. " St. Paul's Church, Eastchester, N. Y., A. D. 1829."

"^ On the erection of the present edifice, their badies were removed from the old church which stood near the locusts.

150 HISTORY OF THE

During the American Revolution, services appear to have been suspended here, and the congregation dispersed. At this period the church was used as an hospital, and subsequently served the purposes of a court house. The following entry occurs in the records of the court of Common Pleas. At a court of Oyer and Terminer and general jail delivery, held at the church at Eastchester, in and for the county of Westchester, on Tuesday, the l:^th day of June, in the year of our Lord, 1787. Present, the Honorable Richard Morris, Esq., Chief Justice of the (Supreme Court of Judicature, for the state of New York.

Stephen Ward, 1 t f r r^ i n^ •

, , r^ m 1- I Justices of Oyer and lermmer Jonathan G. Tompkms, . ^ , t •, t^ ,• r

At a court of Oyer and Terminer and general jail delivery, held at the church at Eastchester, in and for the county of Westchester, on Tuesday, the l:^th day of June, in the year of our Lord, 1787. Present, the Honorable Richard Morris, Esq., Chief Justice of the (Supreme Court of Judicature, for the state of New York.

Stephen Ward, 1 t f r r^ i n^ •

, , r^ m 1- I Justices of Oyer and lermmer Jonathan G. Tompkms, . ^ , t •, t^ ,• r

^ and General Jail Delivery, for the

Ebenezer S. Burling, Benjamin Stevenson,

county of Westchester.

Immediately after the Revolution, the inhabitants of Eastchester appear to have associated themselves with the parish of Yonkers, under the charge of the Rev. Elias Cooper. This connection was dissolved about 1798. From the year 1800, to cir. 1837. Eastchester was alternately united to Westchester and New Rochelle ; but for the last ten years it has supported its own incumbent.

The village grave yard which lies on the south and west side of the church, is one of the most extensive in the county.

The earliest tombstones bear the following inscriptions :

R. S. D. Here H D 1 D

DECEMBER is

14. 1704. the body N 20

of Thomas 1711 PiNCKNEY died ye 1 1732 E. G. 71.

On the north side of the church is a marble tomb, inscribed as folio AS :

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 151

Therese Boulland

DE BeSANSON

who departed this life Ihe 5th of October ' aged 29 years,

The village grave yard which lies on the south and west side of the church, is one of the most extensive in the county.

The earliest tombstones bear the following inscriptions :

R. S. D. Here H D 1 D

DECEMBER is

14. 1704. the body N 20

of Thomas 1711 PiNCKNEY died ye 1 1732 E. G. 71.

On the north side of the church is a marble tomb, inscribed as folio AS :

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 151

Therese Boulland

DE BeSANSON

who departed this life Ihe 5th of October ' aged 29 years,

wife of Joseph F Mangin DE Dompaire Major of the engineers of the General staff of St. Domingo, surmounted with the arms of Boulland, viz. arg. a chev. between three quarter foils, surmounted by a coronet ; supporters, two lions rampant regardant.

There are vaults in this yard belonging to the Pell, Gregg, Drake, Sands, Prime, Cain, Masterton and Morgan families.

The following is a catalogue of the ministers and rectors of this parish, from the year 1703.

LIST OF MINISTt:RS AND RECTORS.

Instituted or called. Incumbents. Vacated by

1703 Rev. John Bartow, Clericus, per mort.

1726 Thomas Standard, Clericus, do

1764 John Milner, Clericus, do

1766 Samuel Seabury, Clericus, per resig.

1787 Andrew Fowler, Presb. do

5 July, 1790 ; Theodosius Bartow, Presb. do

1794 ' ,. Elias Cooper, Presb. ^ , do

Aug. 1795 . ..^ John Ireland, Presb. do

18 Jan. 1800 Isaac Wilkins, D. D. Presb. do

1817 Revaud Kearney, Presb. do

LIST OF MINISTt:RS AND RECTORS.

Instituted or called. Incumbents. Vacated by

1703 Rev. John Bartow, Clericus, per mort.

1726 Thomas Standard, Clericus, do

1764 John Milner, Clericus, do

1766 Samuel Seabury, Clericus, per resig.

1787 Andrew Fowler, Presb. do

5 July, 1790 ; Theodosius Bartow, Presb. do

1794 ' ,. Elias Cooper, Presb. ^ , do

Aug. 1795 . ..^ John Ireland, Presb. do

18 Jan. 1800 Isaac Wilkins, D. D. Presb. do

1817 Revaud Kearney, Presb. do

1818 Lewis P. Bayard, Presb. do 14 Oct. 1826 - La wson Carter, Presb. do

1837 John Gregg, Presb. do

1838 Robert Bolton, Presb. do

152 HISTORY OF THE

Insrituted or Incumbents. Vacated bycalled.

1S16 Edwin Harewood Presb. do

22Ang. 1847 Henry E. Duncan. Deacon, present incumbent. a

NOTITIA PAROCHIALIS.

A. D. 1728, 30 communicants.

1817, 48 do 45 baptisms.

1819, 60 do 7 do

1847, 35 do 15 do

The first delegates from this parish to the Diocesan Convention, in 1787, were Pliilip Pell, sen., and Thomas Bartow.

From the church records we extract the following curious item : --

" At a meeting of the vestry, held at the house of William Crawford on Saturday, the 7lh of May, 1791 -- present Stephen Ward, Abraham Valentine, John G. Wright, Isaac Ward, Lewis Guion, and Thomas Bartow --

" Marcus Christian, the sexton to the church in Eastchester, was sent for and examined respecting the bell's being rung on Saturday, the 30th of April, on the family of James Bogart's moving out of this place ; which charge he denied, and, on his examination, said he was lame, in bed, and was not at the church on that day. He was further examined on his former conduct, on his selling licure in the belfrie of the church, on a training day, which he acknowledged.

" Marcus Christian, the sexton to the church in Eastchester, was sent for and examined respecting the bell's being rung on Saturday, the 30th of April, on the family of James Bogart's moving out of this place ; which charge he denied, and, on his examination, said he was lame, in bed, and was not at the church on that day. He was further examined on his former conduct, on his selling licure in the belfrie of the church, on a training day, which he acknowledged. Whereupon they did agree he was not worthy to keep the keys of the church, or to be employed as sexton ; upon which, he delivered the key and was dismissed the service "^

The Methodist Episcopal church in the village of Eastchester was first organized in 1836, and incorporated the same year by the name and title of "the Methodist Episcopal church in the town of Eastchester ;" Thomas Griffin, Peter Bertine, Josiah Sickles, Nicholas Duff, and Gilbert Underbill, trustees.^ The church was erected in 1837.

This portion of Westchester county appears to have suffered severely during tlie war of the Revolution, and was constantly

" This individualis a lineal descendant of the first Episcopal Rector of the parish, his mother being a daughter of the late Augustus Bartow, great grandson of the Rev. John Bartow.

b Church Rec. ^ Religious Soc. Co. Rec, Lib. A. 54.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 153

the scene of marches, points of defence, and skirn:ii5hes. Here, also, the lawless "skinner" and " cow boy" practised their black deeds of rapine unmolested.

This portion of Westchester county appears to have suffered severely during tlie war of the Revolution, and was constantly

" This individualis a lineal descendant of the first Episcopal Rector of the parish, his mother being a daughter of the late Augustus Bartow, great grandson of the Rev. John Bartow.

b Church Rec. ^ Religious Soc. Co. Rec, Lib. A. 54.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 153

the scene of marches, points of defence, and skirn:ii5hes. Here, also, the lawless "skinner" and " cow boy" practised their black deeds of rapine unmolested.

In October, 1776, a skirmish took place in this town between the patriots, on their route from King's Bridge to Westchester, and the enemy under Lord Howe.

For some time the Connecticut troops were billeted in the village.

On the 3d of October, 1779, " Lieut. Gill, of the American dragoons, patrolling in Eastchester, found a superior force in his rear, and no alternative but to surrender or cut his way through them ; he chose the latter, and forced his way, when he found a body of infantry still behind the horse. These he also charged, and, on his passing them, his horse was wounded, and threw him, when he fell into the enemy's hands. Two of the lieutenant's party, which consisted of twenty four, were killed, and one taken prisoner ; the rest escaped safe to their regiments.^

In the vicinity of the village a detachment under the command ' of General Parsons, fitted out in sleighs, (returning from an enterprise against the enemy at Morrisania,) were overtaken and almost entirely cut to pieces by a party of British light horse.^

These he also charged, and, on his passing them, his horse was wounded, and threw him, when he fell into the enemy's hands. Two of the lieutenant's party, which consisted of twenty four, were killed, and one taken prisoner ; the rest escaped safe to their regiments.^

In the vicinity of the village a detachment under the command ' of General Parsons, fitted out in sleighs, (returning from an enterprise against the enemy at Morrisania,) were overtaken and almost entirely cut to pieces by a party of British light horse.^

The small stream that waters the western part of the village of Eastchester, was formerly known as Rattlesnake Brook. An early town order required " the inhabitants to meet together one day in the spring, for the destruction of this dangerous reptile.''^ In 1721 Nathaniel Tompkins was permitted to erect a fish wair on Rattlesnake Creek, - to ye advantage of himself to catch ye fish that swimmeth therein, for ye space of ten years from this date, providing he put it up at once."d

Near the mouth of the brook is situated the tide mill of Mr. Robert Reed. The cottage commands an extensive view of the winding creek and the high grounds of Pelham. The adjoining property formed a portion of the ancient planting grounds of Eastchester. Further to the southwest lies Black Dog Brook,

a Heath's Mem., 218. t Hugh Gaines' Gazette,

b As late as 1775, a rattlesnake was killed near the brook, measuring some six feet, c Town Rec, 1 Feb., 1696-7. John Pell, senr., had the privilege of erecting a mill on this brook.

The cottage commands an extensive view of the winding creek and the high grounds of Pelham. The adjoining property formed a portion of the ancient planting grounds of Eastchester. Further to the southwest lies Black Dog Brook,

a Heath's Mem., 218. t Hugh Gaines' Gazette,

b As late as 1775, a rattlesnake was killed near the brook, measuring some six feet, c Town Rec, 1 Feb., 1696-7. John Pell, senr., had the privilege of erecting a mill on this brook.

Vol. I. 20

154 HISTORY OF THE

sometimes called Hutchinson's Brook. This stream constitutes a portion of the southern line of the township.

Upon the western shore of Hutchinson's Creek (north of Reed's mill) is located the village landinsf already alkided to.^

Id the sou ih west corner of Eastchester lies the estate of the late George Faile, Esq., at present occupied by his widows formerly the property of Fleetwood Marsh, Esq., a native of Diitchet, Buckinghamshire, England, for many years a freeholder of this town. The situation of the estate is very fine, commanding all the various undulations of a hilly district.

The house, seated upon rising ground, overlooks the valley to the southeast, Eastchester Creek, and the distant waters of the Sound.

The adjoining property on the west belongs to Mrs. Givans, widow of the late Robert Givans, Esq. The mansion is surrounded by extensive plantations and ample woodlands. The latter affords a favorite rendezvous or head- quarters for vast flocks of crows, which receive every protection from their generous benefactress. The noise created bv ihem, in their assemblage and re ascension in the morning, is incredible, causing the woods to re-echo with a thousand reverberations.

The house, seated upon rising ground, overlooks the valley to the southeast, Eastchester Creek, and the distant waters of the Sound.

The adjoining property on the west belongs to Mrs. Givans, widow of the late Robert Givans, Esq. The mansion is surrounded by extensive plantations and ample woodlands. The latter affords a favorite rendezvous or head- quarters for vast flocks of crows, which receive every protection from their generous benefactress. The noise created bv ihem, in their assemblage and re ascension in the morning, is incredible, causing the woods to re-echo with a thousand reverberations.

In the immediate neighborhood are the properties of the Hon. Effingham C. Schietfelin and Alfred Seton, Esq. The residence of the latter gentleman occupies the summit of a high ridge overlooking the valley of Eastchester on the east.

There is a remarkable rock in this vicinity, well worthy of the stranger's notice, marked with the rude impression of a human foot, seven inches in length. ^

a During tlie revolutionary war, a British sloop was captured in this creek by a party of whale boatmen.

b About half a mile from the fort " on Montauk point," says Mr. Prime, " in a Bouthcasterly direction, is a granite rock imbedded in the ground, on the upper surface of whichjs the apparent impress of a human foot.

'•The figure is as perfect and distinct as would follow from the pressure of the left foot, upon some cohesive substance, except being deficient in a toe ; a deficiency not at first sight apparent, and discernible only by inspection. No artist could have chiselled a more perfect resemblance. The impression is still fresh, and without the least appearance of injury from time. There are two other tracks less per-

Prime, " in a Bouthcasterly direction, is a granite rock imbedded in the ground, on the upper surface of whichjs the apparent impress of a human foot.

'•The figure is as perfect and distinct as would follow from the pressure of the left foot, upon some cohesive substance, except being deficient in a toe ; a deficiency not at first sight apparent, and discernible only by inspection. No artist could have chiselled a more perfect resemblance. The impression is still fresh, and without the least appearance of injury from time. There are two other tracks less per-

-*r

T fate page I. 5, vol. i

Anns, ar. a ci

John Lawrence emigrated from England Wiil

lo the colony of Sew Amsterdam in Uiil ; brothe one of the first patentees of North Hemp- ing in stead. L I., 16-14; a resident of VVestches- magis ter, 1644; deputy lo Haitford from Gov. ob 1& Stuyvesant in 1663 ; mayor of New York and member of the Gov. Council at the time of his death in 1699; judge of the tsupreme Court Nat l'il8; will dat. 1698,

Thomas, joint patentee with his__Francina Smith

father, ancestor of the Eastchester branch.

widow of M. Smith.

Thomas, justice of the--Frances Isaac, nat, peace for Bergen co. from Edsall. from Long 1702-1*13, judge of court of Chester, ciJ

of C. P., ancestor of N. J. branch. 1730.

\

I -- 1

Isaac, nat 1687, ob cir. 1768=1 Widow Ward. 1 I --2 Ruth Owens.

- 2 I I ,

Council at the time of his death in 1699; judge of the tsupreme Court Nat l'il8; will dat. 1698,

Thomas, joint patentee with his__Francina Smith

father, ancestor of the Eastchester branch.

widow of M. Smith.

Thomas, justice of the--Frances Isaac, nat, peace for Bergen co. from Edsall. from Long 1702-1*13, judge of court of Chester, ciJ

of C. P., ancestor of N. J. branch. 1730.

\

I -- 1

Isaac, nat 1687, ob cir. 1768=1 Widow Ward. 1 I --2 Ruth Owens.

- 2 I I ,

-^n ~=5 1 Is^artc =:Keziah Pell, 2 Jesse, nat,

nat |nat. 1729, ob Dec 9, 1727

17-^4 25 March, nb. Feb. 14,

1795. ISOl. I

- -- "<

I I I 1 I i I I I

w-^-fs 2, i m » =. ?5 =

S3 -- "1,

2 K

B » 3 --

" II iT II 5 > ?

^ '6- a - E -

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 155

Within a short dii^tance of the village are situated the estates of Mr. Thomas Rimisey, and John R. Hayward, Esq. the latter geniienian represented (in 1846) this county in Assembly. =^

Most of the farms in this neighborhood now cover the old Lawrence property, which at one period embraced nearly five hundred acres. A portion of it was called Virginia from its beantifnl appearance. The earliest proprietor (of this estate) was Isaac Lawrence, Esq. who originally emigrated from Long Island to Eastchester, cir. 1C89. On the I2th of ]May, 1690, Isaac Lawrence was chosen by the inhabitants of this town, one of the pound-masters for the year ensuing. In 1700, he appears to have been town treasurer, and in 17'2l his name occurs in the list of the grand jurors for the county of Westchester. Isaac Lawrence died about 1730, leaving three sons, the eldest of whom was Isaac Lawrence, grandfather of the present Augustus Lawrence, Esq.

The earliest proprietor (of this estate) was Isaac Lawrence, Esq. who originally emigrated from Long Island to Eastchester, cir. 1C89. On the I2th of ]May, 1690, Isaac Lawrence was chosen by the inhabitants of this town, one of the pound-masters for the year ensuing. In 1700, he appears to have been town treasurer, and in 17'2l his name occurs in the list of the grand jurors for the county of Westchester. Isaac Lawrence died about 1730, leaving three sons, the eldest of whom was Isaac Lawrence, grandfather of the present Augustus Lawrence, Esq. This gentleman has for many years filled the office of justice of the peace for the town of Eastchester.

The Lawrences of Westchester county. New Jersey, and Long Island, descend from three brothers who emigrated from Holland to the colony of New Amsterdam in 1641. John, William and Thomas Lawrence were originally from the county of Lancaster, England, and left their native country at the commencement of those political troubles which preceded the rebellion, and death of Charles I."'' ~ . .. ■ •• ■

The Pinckney estate in this town originally embraced the properties of Mr. Jesse Lyon, Joseph Disbrov^, Henry Slayman, Alfred H. Buncombe, and Benjamin Underbill, Esq.

The Pinckney residence, which stood a little to the south-west of Mr. Lyon's, appears to have been a favorite resort for officers

feet and distinct ; the one in the Indian field, and the other west of Fort Pond. The heel of the foot is towards the east in ail of them, as though formed in passing to the west. Excepting that they are the footsteps of the evil spirit, no record or tradition pretends to give their story. They existed at the first settlement by the whites, and were a subject of pawwa to the Indians." [N.S.

feet and distinct ; the one in the Indian field, and the other west of Fort Pond. The heel of the foot is towards the east in ail of them, as though formed in passing to the west. Excepting that they are the footsteps of the evil spirit, no record or tradition pretends to give their story. They existed at the first settlement by the whites, and were a subject of pawwa to the Indians." [N.S. Prime's Hist, of L. I.]

^ Mr. Hayward purchased of the executors of tlie late Richard Shute. In 1671, James Eustice and others were appointed to lay out land for Richard Shute ancestor of Richard above mentioned) near Rattlesnake brook,

b For a further account of this family, see pedigree.

T fnrp page ir^.l, vol.

PKDIGREE OF LAWRENCE OF EASTCHESTER.

aguly, gu Crest, a demi tarbot, tail upwards. Motto, Qiioero, Iiiven

3 of Lancashire, England.

Joliti Lawrence eniigriiied from England lo ihe colunyof New Amsterdam in HiM ; one of ihe first patentees of North Hempstead. L I., 16J4 ; a residt-ni of Westchealer, IG44; depute to Hartford from Gov. Stuyvesantin 166:1; mayor of New York and member of the Gov. Council at the time of his death in 161)9; judge of the Supreme Court Nat l-i 18; will dat. 1698.

William emigrated to Ami brother, one of the first paten ing in 1645, proprietor of L^ magistrate of I<'lushing und ub 163U.

_ Elizabeth Smith of Smiihtown, da of Richard, patentee of Smithtowti ; this lady afterwards married Sir Philip i 'arteret, tiiiv. ol >Jew Jersey. From her Elizabeihtown takes itanaiiie.

Stuyvesantin 166:1; mayor of New York and member of the Gov. Council at the time of his death in 161)9; judge of the Supreme Court Nat l-i 18; will dat. 1698.

William emigrated to Ami brother, one of the first paten ing in 1645, proprietor of L^ magistrate of I<'lushing und ub 163U.

_ Elizabeth Smith of Smiihtown, da of Richard, patentee of Smithtowti ; this lady afterwards married Sir Philip i 'arteret, tiiiv. ol >Jew Jersey. From her Elizabeihtown takes itanaiiie.

Thomas, oneof the patenieesof New-= town 1666- proprietor of Hell-gate neck, a major in Leisler's forces, 1690; died at Newtown, July 170.1.

rhomas, joint patentee with his_-Francina father, anct-stor of the East- I widow Chester branch. Smitii.

William, member of the, Gov. Council from 170^- 1706.

John, high sheiift" of Qu CO. 16118, commander troop of horse, ancesK the Newtown brajich.

Jonathan whu rtmnived to Westchester.^^, ancestor of the Wt-Mche-lei- branch, | and probal) y of Kuckland co. branch, I

Tiiornas, justice of the-- Frances peace for Bergen co. from Edsatl. 1702-n n, judge of court of of C. P., ancestor of N. J. branch.

Isaac, nat. 166&-7, reinoved_.Anna Ironi Long Island to East- I Squii Chester, cir. 1689, oh. cir. _=2 E 1730. Ca

John nat. 1668,^ Eliza' ob. 17;^2, remov- I _2Ma ed IJ Cortlandt's patent, 1730- |

Thomas, will dat. i:i May, 1752; lib. 18 p 202.

Isaac, nat 1687, ob <

--Keziah Pell, 2 Jesse, nat-- Elizabeth 3JosephkiII- 4 Gilbert,-- 1 Margaret

I nat. 1729, ob l>ec 9, 1727, I Vandostern. ed by a fall nat 1738, | Kissac

Isaac, nat. 166&-7, reinoved_.Anna Ironi Long Island to East- I Squii Chester, cir. 1689, oh. cir. _=2 E 1730. Ca

John nat. 1668,^ Eliza' ob. 17;^2, remov- I _2Ma ed IJ Cortlandt's patent, 1730- |

Thomas, will dat. i:i May, 1752; lib. 18 p 202.

Isaac, nat 1687, ob <

--Keziah Pell, 2 Jesse, nat-- Elizabeth 3JosephkiII- 4 Gilbert,-- 1 Margaret

I nat. 1729, ob l>ec 9, 1727, I Vandostern. ed by a fall nat 1738, | Kissac

1 25 March, nb. Feb, 14, | from his ob. July 17 I --2 Mrn.

j 1795. lyUl. I hor.se prior 1817. | Magdalene

I to the Kc-vo- , I Alyres

lution.

5 AaioiJ--

1 Jane Lawnat. I'J

rence, ob 18

Mar. 1741,

Aug. 1785.

ob. 2 Jan.

_2 Cralt,

ab 182il.

Debo

ah.

lAnJa April I72!l, Aug.

»b 13,

= Nehemiali Hunt nat. May 21, r,24 ob July 2 I,

■ I I I i. I -o<oH o M §■ ^

I I J I I J

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 155

Within a short distance of the village are situated the estates of Mr. Thomas Rnnisey, and John R. Hay ward, Esq. the latter gentleman represented (in 1846) this connty in Assembly. ^

Most of the fnrms in this neighborhood now cover the old Lawrence property, which at one period embraced nearly five hnndred acres. A portion of it was called Virginia from its beantifnl appearance. The earliest proprietor (of this estate) was Isaac Lawrence, Esq. who originally emigrated from Long Island to Eastchester, cir. I(i89. On the r2th of ]\Lay, 1690, Isaac Lawrence was chosen by the inhabitants of this town, one of the pound-masters for the year ensning. In 1700, he appears to have been town treasurer, and in 1721 his name occurs in the list of the grand jurors for the county of Westchester.

A portion of it was called Virginia from its beantifnl appearance. The earliest proprietor (of this estate) was Isaac Lawrence, Esq. who originally emigrated from Long Island to Eastchester, cir. I(i89. On the r2th of ]\Lay, 1690, Isaac Lawrence was chosen by the inhabitants of this town, one of the pound-masters for the year ensning. In 1700, he appears to have been town treasurer, and in 1721 his name occurs in the list of the grand jurors for the county of Westchester. Isaac Lawrence died about 1730, leaving three sons, the eldest of whom was Isaac Lawrence, grandfather of the present Augustus Lawrence, Esq. This gentleman has for many years filled the office of justice of the peace for the town of Eastchester.

The Lawrences of Westchester connty, New Jersey, and Long Island, descend from three brothers who emigrated from Holland to the colony of New Amsterdam in 1641. John, William and Thomas Lawrence were originally from the county of Lancaster, England, and left their native country at the commencement of those pohtical troubles which preceded the rebellion, and death of Charles I."^

The Pinckney estate in this town originally embraced the properties of Mr. Jesse Lyon, Joseph Disbrov^, Henry Slayman, Alfred H. Duncombe, and Benjamin Underbill, Esq.

The Pinckney residence, which stood a little to the south-west of Mr. Lyon's, appears to have been a favorite resort for officers

feet and distinct; the one in the Indian field, and the other west of Fort Pond. The heel of the foot is towards the east in alt of them, as though formed in passing to the west. Excepting that they are the footsteps of the evil spirit, no record or tradition pretends to give their story. They existed at the first settlement by the whites, and were a subject of pawwa to the Indians." [N.

feet and distinct; the one in the Indian field, and the other west of Fort Pond. The heel of the foot is towards the east in alt of them, as though formed in passing to the west. Excepting that they are the footsteps of the evil spirit, no record or tradition pretends to give their story. They existed at the first settlement by the whites, and were a subject of pawwa to the Indians." [N. S. Prime's Hist, of L. I.]

a Mr. Hayward purchased of the executors of tlie late Richard Shute. In 1671, James Enstice and others were appointed to lay out laud for Richard Shute /ancestor of Richard above mentioned) near Rattlesnake brook,

b For a further account of this family, see pedigree.

156 HISTORY OF THE

of the British army during the RevoUuionary war. In front of this mansion Henry Pinckney was shot before the ryes of his family, (by a party of soldiers,) whilst endeavoring to effect his escape on horseback, April 2d, -3780.

The Pinckneys of Eastchester descend from Philip Pinckney, one of the first ten proprietors and patentees of this town, who originally emigrated from Fairfield, cir. 1663-4. Philip Pinck-. ney was a lineal representative of the Pinckneys of England,, whose ancestor Gilo de Pincheni or Pinckenie came into that country in the train of William the Conqueror. The Pinckney estate is watered on the east by the Aqueanouncke, (Hutchinson's river,) and its tributary called Ann Hook's brook, from the- Indian chief of that name.

The Pinckneys of Eastchester descend from Philip Pinckney, one of the first ten proprietors and patentees of this town, who originally emigrated from Fairfield, cir. 1663-4. Philip Pinck-. ney was a lineal representative of the Pinckneys of England,, whose ancestor Gilo de Pincheni or Pinckenie came into that country in the train of William the Conqueror. The Pinckney estate is watered on the east by the Aqueanouncke, (Hutchinson's river,) and its tributary called Ann Hook's brook, from the- Indian chief of that name.

The Drakes were also extensive proprietors in this town ; the old estate called Nonsuch being bounded on the west by the' Bronx, on the north by the Yonkers road leading to Swain's mill, on the east by the White Plains turnpike, and on the south by the Hunt's Bridge road. The property is now owned by various individuals. It is somewhat curious, that the only portion of the original estate at present vested in the Drake family, is the site now occupied by the barns and out-buildings of the late Moses: Drake. This individual was the son of Benjamin Drake, third in descent from Samuel Drake, Esq. of Fairfield, one of the first ten proprietors of Eastchester in 1664.

On the 9th of Sept. 1650^ Samuel Drake received a grant of land from the freeholders of Fairfield.

Upon the 8th of Feb. 1677, Samuel Drake of Eastchester sold luito his son Samuel Drake, three separate parcels of land lying in Fairfield. a

The will of Samuel Drake, sen. bears date May 30th, 1676. i> Samuel Drake is presumed to have been a son of John Drake who emigrated to Boston in 1630, and finally settled in Windsor Conn., from whence his son Samuel removed to Fairfield.

On the 9th of Sept. 1650^ Samuel Drake received a grant of land from the freeholders of Fairfield.

Upon the 8th of Feb. 1677, Samuel Drake of Eastchester sold luito his son Samuel Drake, three separate parcels of land lying in Fairfield. a

The will of Samuel Drake, sen. bears date May 30th, 1676. i> Samuel Drake is presumed to have been a son of John Drake who emigrated to Boston in 1630, and finally settled in Windsor Conn., from whence his son Samuel removed to Fairfield.

The Drake family are of great antiquity, and descend from thcv old house of Drake of Ashe, Devonshire, England, a branch of

« Fairfield town Rec.

fc Surogate's office, N. Y. vol. iii. 47.

To face page 156, vol. i.

Thoma!

Thomas, died=Elizabeth

after ihe war

Chappel, L. 1.

Philip. William.

Jonaihan^l. Sarah "V -- I 2. Alida Si j a Dutcles, 1st

of

Thomas, nat.=Abby Is rael= Dorothy Rich

Feb, 1729.

Briggs

Philip^

:Elizabeth Townsend, da. of John

Thomas Elijah Rachel 1. Lewis 3. Willi- Rachel, Philip Richard=Su

Briggs Josiah Rebecca 2. John am married Eliza- C

4. Israel Jacob beth h Post

David, a representative of the house of assembly of Nova tscotia.

David=Fanny Mcln-

<; I II

e-- ~- = 3-0

1. John Town- William=Hannah 1. Elijah

send. Bertine 2. Peter

2. Thomas C. 3. Stephen

1. Mary

2. Eliza

1. Wi

2. Jar

3. Isa-

).W

Stephen Jas. Henry Geo. Washington William Bertine Charles

tyre

- 1, Freelove, -- 1 m. Thos. Hunt.

Briggs Josiah Rebecca 2. John am married Eliza- C

4. Israel Jacob beth h Post

David, a representative of the house of assembly of Nova tscotia.

David=Fanny Mcln-

<; I II

e-- ~- = 3-0

1. John Town- William=Hannah 1. Elijah

send. Bertine 2. Peter

2. Thomas C. 3. Stephen

1. Mary

2. Eliza

1. Wi

2. Jar

3. Isa-

).W

Stephen Jas. Henry Geo. Washington William Bertine Charles

tyre

- 1, Freelove, -- 1 m. Thos. Hunt.

2. Maiy, m.-- Dan Roberts

3. Jemima, -- m Maj. Frazer, B. officer

4. Ann, m.-- Jos Reynolds

5. Sebina, -- j m. Elijah Ward.

6. Phebe, ra.-- ElijahRich

7. Sarah, m -- Dr. Po»l.

156 HISTORY OF THE

of the British army during the Revolutionary war. In front of this mansion Henry Pinckney was shot before the ryes of his family, (by a party of soldiers,) whilst endeavoring to effect his escape on horseback, April 2d, -3780.

The Pinckneys of Eastchesler descend from Philip Pinckney, one of the first ten proprietors and patentees of this town, who originally emigrated from Fairfield, cir. 1663-4. Philip Pinck-. ney was a lineal representative of the Pinckneys of England,," whose aticestor Gilo de Pincheni or Pinckenie came into that country in the train of William the Conqueror. The Pinckney c'state is watered on the east by the Aqueanouncke, (Hutchinson's river,) and its tributary called Ann Hook's brook, from the Indian chief of that name.

The Drakes were also extensive proprietors in this town ; the old estate called Nonsuch being bounded on the west by the Bronx, on the north by the Yonkers road leading to Swain's mill, on the east by the White Plains turnpike, and on the south by the Hunt's Bridge road. The property is now owned by various individuals. It is somev/hat curious, that the only portion of the original estate at present vested in the Drake family, is the site now occupied by the barns and out-buildings of the late Moses Drake.

The Drakes were also extensive proprietors in this town ; the old estate called Nonsuch being bounded on the west by the Bronx, on the north by the Yonkers road leading to Swain's mill, on the east by the White Plains turnpike, and on the south by the Hunt's Bridge road. The property is now owned by various individuals. It is somev/hat curious, that the only portion of the original estate at present vested in the Drake family, is the site now occupied by the barns and out-buildings of the late Moses Drake. This individual was the son of Benjamin Drake, third in descent from Samuel Drake, Esq. of Fairfield, one of the first ten proprietors of Eastchester in 1664.

On the 9th of Sept. 1650^ Samuel Drake received a grant of land from the freeholders of Fairfield.

Upon the 8th of Feb. 1677, Samuel Drake of Eastchester sold unto his son Samuel Drake, three separate parcels of land lying jn Fairfield. a

The will of Samuel Drake, sen. bears date May 30th, 1676. •> Samuel Drake is presumed to have been a son of John Drake who emigrated to Boston in 1630, and finally settled in Windsor Conn., from whence his son Samuel removed to Fairfield.

The Drake family are of great antiquity, and descend from the old house of Drake of Ashe, Devonshire, England, a branch of

• Fairfield town Rec.

* Surogate's office, N. Y. vol. iii. 47.

To face page 156, vol.

PEDIGREE OF PINCKNEY OF EASTCHEsTER.

The will of Samuel Drake, sen. bears date May 30th, 1676. •> Samuel Drake is presumed to have been a son of John Drake who emigrated to Boston in 1630, and finally settled in Windsor Conn., from whence his son Samuel removed to Fairfield.

The Drake family are of great antiquity, and descend from the old house of Drake of Ashe, Devonshire, England, a branch of

• Fairfield town Rec.

* Surogate's office, N. Y. vol. iii. 47.

To face page 156, vol.

PEDIGREE OF PINCKNEY OF EASTCHEsTER.

Arma. or, four fusils in fesee gules. Crest, out of a ducal coronet or, a griffen's liead ppr.

Philip Pinckney, one of first the patentees of Eastcheater, 1664=

Thomaa Pinckney, of Eastchcster=Hamiah'

Tbomas, died=Elizabeth

.1 I

Samuel Ferris, 1699. Sarah

Abigail

II a. Aiiaasran, ■[ aOutcli faily

I I

Ann. Deborah.

I I I

Thomaa, nat.=:Abbv Is raei= Dorothy Rich Philip=EIiza')eth

Feb, 1729. | Briggs I I Tovvnsern

Wj

iiliam=:Freelove,

da. uf Jolin TowiiBend

Jemima, married Thomas Ward.

Phoebe, marijpd

Thomas FowJer

tiathan, ob.

Gilbert, nat. John, nat.

Philip, nat.

Cliarles

Mav3l, laihJuly,

21st Ocio

nal.aiat

presenlativG

1743 1746, of Noher, 1749, nf

Nov.

of the house

va Seolia.

Nova Scotia

1751, of

of nssejubly

Nova

of Nova

Scotia.

i:;cotia.

Thomas Elijah Briggs Josiah

Riehard^^Susan

Henry, kiHed du-: ring the war

:Esther Coutant, da. of Jacob.

Jonalhan=Elizabeth Palmer

1. John Town-

2. Thomas C.

1. Elijah

2. Peter

3. Stephen

J. Will. Townsend

2. James Ward

3. Isaac Micajah

4. Abraham Cross

John, nat.

Philip, nat.

Cliarles

Mav3l, laihJuly,

21st Ocio

nal.aiat

presenlativG

1743 1746, of Noher, 1749, nf

Nov.

of the house

va Seolia.

Nova Scotia

1751, of

of nssejubly

Nova

of Nova

Scotia.

i:;cotia.

Thomas Elijah Briggs Josiah

Riehard^^Susan

Henry, kiHed du-: ring the war

:Esther Coutant, da. of Jacob.

Jonalhan=Elizabeth Palmer

1. John Town-

2. Thomas C.

1. Elijah

2. Peter

3. Stephen

J. Will. Townsend

2. James Ward

3. Isaac Micajah

4. Abraham Cross

5. Joshua Gedney

6. Alex. Ru

7. 'Ihos. Coleaworth 4. Adelif

1. Amelia Freelove

2. Sarah Caroline

3. Octavia

O.Wi

Stephen Ja3. Henry Geo. Washington William Bertins Charlea

.L'

I I

1. Jaa, Gilbert 2 Jncob Henry 3. Daniel

I I I

;ajah^ane William=l. Jarvis James^ David= Cross =2. Ulrdaall

1. Freelove | I |

2. Amelia 1. .Tames

3. Deborah 2. Lovvery

1. Wil

filliam 4 Ellas 3. James 1. Roaella

3. Peter

offic

;r, B.

m.--

4. An Job Reynolds

5. Bebina, -- m. Elijih Ward.

6. Phebe, ra.-- ElijahRich

7. Sarah, nj.-- Dr. Foil.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 157

which gave birth to the ilhistrious Sir Francis Drake. The name is supposed to be derived from the heraldic wivern. The arms of tiie family, which is another name for the fabled drngon of antiquity ; draco or drago being the Roman name. As late as the time of Sir Francis Drake, writers called him the Dragon. Of this family was Joseph Rodman Drake, the poet, and the late Charles Drake, M. D.«-

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 157

which gave birth to the ilhistrious Sir Francis Drake. The name is supposed to be derived from the heraldic wivern. The arms of tiie family, which is another name for the fabled drngon of antiquity ; draco or drago being the Roman name. As late as the time of Sir Francis Drake, writers called him the Dragon. Of this family was Joseph Rodman Drake, the poet, and the late Charles Drake, M. D.«-

Opposite Mrs. Drake's is situated the property of the late Elisha Shute, whose ancestor Thomas Shute is named in the covenant of 1665. Richard Shute, the son of Thomas, was for many years recorder of this town. Elisha Shute was the father of the late Richard Shute, whose five sons are still living in the town.

The representatives of James Eustis another of the ten proprietors in 1664, are also numerous in East and Westchester.

On the west side of the town (at Hunt's Bridge, on the Bronx) is located the Eastchester Railroad depot.

About two miles and a half north of this place is situated Bronx Mill, the property of James P. Swain, Esq., formerly known as Underbill's Mill. The Bronx River here affords a fine water power to an extensive gj-ist mill and screw manufactory. The building is a large and handsome structure of stone, four storiajg high, and measures forty feet by eighty. The machinery is of the best kind, and the water is sufficient to carry the mill throughout the year, which enables it to grind at all seasons.

About two miles and a half north of this place is situated Bronx Mill, the property of James P. Swain, Esq., formerly known as Underbill's Mill. The Bronx River here affords a fine water power to an extensive gj-ist mill and screw manufactory. The building is a large and handsome structure of stone, four storiajg high, and measures forty feet by eighty. The machinery is of the best kind, and the water is sufficient to carry the mill throughout the year, which enables it to grind at all seasons.

The course of the Bronx immediately below the mill is said to have been formerly changed by a large beaver dam, which those industrious animals had erected near the foot of Mr. Underbill's garden. Beaver Pond lies directly north of the mill ; vast quantities of trout, roach, suckers, and other fresh water fish, are bred yearly in the Bronx. In 1S25 Canvas White, Esq., engineer, employed by the New York Water Works' Company, reported to the directors of that corporation, that he would rccomiwend taking the waters of the Bronx at Underbill's Bridge, estimating that 9,100,000 gallons of water might be delivered in the city daily, and that the whole expense would not exceed $1,450,000.^

a Genealogical and Biographical account of the family of Drake, by Samuel G^ Drake. Boston, 1845.

t Corporation Doc. Report for 1833, doc. xxxvi., 375-

158 HISTORY OF THE

The mill and adjoining property, at an early period, belonged to the late Lnncasler Underhill, who lived to the remarkable age of 9S. Thronghout the trying period of the Revoluiion, this individual resided on his farm, and appears to have suffered severely both in person and estate. Durifjg many a severe winter nig!u he lay concealed beneath the body of an oxcart, (which he had taken the precaution to cover with hay,) and on each returning day blessed his good fortune that his liouse had escaped the flames.

The mill and adjoining property, at an early period, belonged to the late Lnncasler Underhill, who lived to the remarkable age of 9S. Thronghout the trying period of the Revoluiion, this individual resided on his farm, and appears to have suffered severely both in person and estate. Durifjg many a severe winter nig!u he lay concealed beneath the body of an oxcart, (which he had taken the precaution to cover with hay,) and on each returning day blessed his good fortune that his liouse had escaped the flames. Near the mill is located the Bronx Railroad depot, distant about four and a half miles south of White Plains.

Upon the Long Reach, in this town, are situated the farms and residences of John Townsend, Esq., (former sheriff of the county, and senator for the second district in 1821,) Alexander Pirnie, Mr. Headly, Alexander Masterlon, Abijah Morgan, Charles Morgan, and Mr. Pinckney, (fcc.

The whole of this elevated district commands extensive views of the Sound and surrounding country, in the innnediate vicinity stands Marble Hall, the site of which is celebrated in our Revolutionary annals. From the petition of Jonathan Ward (one of the former proprietors of this place) to Congress in 1825, we learn, " that at the commencement of the Revolutionary war, Stephen Ward (the petitioner's father) resided in Eastchester, and county of Westchester, seven miles south of White Plains ; that the British troops took possession of the city of New York and the southern part of the county of Westchester, in the autumn of 1776 ; that in consequence of which, the said Stephen Ward left his residence, consisting of a large and valuable dwelling, barn, and sundry other buildings ; that between this period and the autumn of 1778, those buildings were occupied, a large portion of time, by the American troops, at which place there were several engagements between them and the British ; that in November, 1778, a large body of the British forces, commanded by General Tryon, made an excursion as far as Ward's house, and, by the g:eneral's orders, totally destroyed, by a fire, the buildings, with considerable other property.''^

From the petition of Jonathan Ward (one of the former proprietors of this place) to Congress in 1825, we learn, " that at the commencement of the Revolutionary war, Stephen Ward (the petitioner's father) resided in Eastchester, and county of Westchester, seven miles south of White Plains ; that the British troops took possession of the city of New York and the southern part of the county of Westchester, in the autumn of 1776 ; that in consequence of which, the said Stephen Ward left his residence, consisting of a large and valuable dwelling, barn, and sundry other buildings ; that between this period and the autumn of 1778, those buildings were occupied, a large portion of time, by the American troops, at which place there were several engagements between them and the British ; that in November, 1778, a large body of the British forces, commanded by General Tryon, made an excursion as far as Ward's house, and, by the g:eneral's orders, totally destroyed, by a fire, the buildings, with considerable other property.''^

In the spring of 1776Captain Archibald Campbell, with a strong

» Araer. State Papers, No cccclxv., G54. See Simcoe's Mil. Journal, p. 92.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 159

•

force of the enemy, surprised a Continental guard (under the conmiaiid of Captain Dehivaii) stntioned at Ward's house. After an offer of surrender hnd been nriade by the Americans, a shot was fired from one of the windows, which, unfortunately, killed Capiain Campbell. ^ The Briiisfi, seeing their commander fall, instai]tly forced the house, and, no resistance l)eing made, revenged his death by killing upwards of twenty on the stairs and in the adjoining. rooms ; a few effected tlieir escape by jumping out of the back windows. I'he dead, who fell upon this occasion, were interred among the locusts on the west side of the road.^

After an offer of surrender hnd been nriade by the Americans, a shot was fired from one of the windows, which, unfortunately, killed Capiain Campbell. ^ The Briiisfi, seeing their commander fall, instai]tly forced the house, and, no resistance l)eing made, revenged his death by killing upwards of twenty on the stairs and in the adjoining. rooms ; a few effected tlieir escape by jumping out of the back windows. I'he dead, who fell upon this occasion, were interred among the locusts on the west side of the road.^

The Hon. Stephen Ward, who occupied this property prior (o the Revolution, was the son of Edmund Ward,^ and grandson of Edmund W^ard, of Fairfield, Connecticut, who removed to Eastchester at a very early period. In 1700 the inhabitants of this town granted to Edmund Ward fifty acres of land, in consideration that he pay the Indians for the same. These lands were situated on the Long Reach, for the name of Edmund Ward occurs in the Long Reach Patent, granted to Wm. Peart ree and others A. D. 1708.

The Honorable Stephen Ward, above mentioned, was for many years a judge of the county, and a firm patriot throughout the Revolution. At an early period he appears to have been proscribed by the loyalist party, and a bounty set upon his head. '

The following epitaph is inscribed on his tombstone in Eastchester church yard : : . ... . ^ r - ■. ,

' 'In ^- ' -■ :-,r/^ ■;:_:' T'v •. ;

The Honorable Stephen Ward, above mentioned, was for many years a judge of the county, and a firm patriot throughout the Revolution. At an early period he appears to have been proscribed by the loyalist party, and a bounty set upon his head. '

The following epitaph is inscribed on his tombstone in Eastchester church yard : : . ... . ^ r - ■. ,

' 'In ^- ' -■ :-,r/^ ■;:_:' T'v •. ;

MEMORY OF ' ' /. ^ /

Stephen Ward, Esa. ' • .. - Who died 8th Dec'r., 1797,

AGED 67 years, 9 months and 17 DAYS. ■"

Sons of America ! ' ",-- .

Mourn for your country, she has lost a friend Who did her rights and liberties detend. May rising patriots keep those rights secure, And hand them down to latest ages pure. Mourn too, ye friends and relatives who knew His worth, his kindness, and his love to you.

* The shot is said to have been fired by Lieut. Paddock.

b The old Ward house stood directly on the site of the present Marble Hall, and s said to have closely resembled it in all its proportions.

Edmund Ward was for many years a member of the Colonial Assembly,

160 HISTORY OF THE

But duty bids us all resign, and say,

Thy will be done, who gave and took away.

By his wife Ruth Gedney, the Hon. Stephen Ward left issue eight sons and four daughters ; the fourth son was the late Jonathan Ward, surrogate of the county of Westchester, and a delegate to the convention that framed the late constitution of this state in lS21.a

Edmund Ward was for many years a member of the Colonial Assembly,

160 HISTORY OF THE

But duty bids us all resign, and say,

Thy will be done, who gave and took away.

By his wife Ruth Gedney, the Hon. Stephen Ward left issue eight sons and four daughters ; the fourth son was the late Jonathan Ward, surrogate of the county of Westchester, and a delegate to the convention that framed the late constitution of this state in lS21.a

In the vicinity of Marble Hall are situated the two valuable marble quarries of Elijah Morgan & Co., and George Hall. The former supplied the material for the construction of the New York custom house, and is now fulfilling a heavy contract for the city hall, Brooklyn. ^

Upon the eastern side of Long Reach lies the estate of the late James Somerville, Esq.,c (a native of Roxburghshire, Scotland,) for a long period one of the associate judges of the county, and a well known and respected free-holder of this town. The Somerville property (at present occupied by Archibald Somerville, brother of the late judge,) formerly belonged to David Williams; and was given him by the state, upon the 16th of June, 1783, "for and in consideration of the services of David Williams*^ of Cortlandt manor, in the county of Westchester, hath rendered his country in apprehending and securing the British deputy adjutant general. Major John Andre, who was returning to New York, after having, in the character of a spy, concerted measures with the infamous Benedict Arnold, then commanding at the posts in the Highlands, for betraying the said posts into the hands of the enemy, and for his virtue in refusing a large sum of money ofi'ered by the said Major Andre as a bribe to permit him to escape, &c., and consisted of all that certain tractor parcel cf

Major John Andre, who was returning to New York, after having, in the character of a spy, concerted measures with the infamous Benedict Arnold, then commanding at the posts in the Highlands, for betraying the said posts into the hands of the enemy, and for his virtue in refusing a large sum of money ofi'ered by the said Major Andre as a bribe to permit him to escape, &c., and consisted of all that certain tractor parcel cf

» Also a member of the state senate ia 1806.

b The Winter Hill burying ground in this neighborhood contains some ancient memorials to the Hodens and Hunts. One of the headstones is inscribed " S. 1719," another, " Mary Hoden, deceased March ye 10th, 1731-

c James Somerville was the son of Archibald Somerville, M. D., of Melrose, Roxburghshire, (whose family originally came from Berwickshire, in the same kingdom,) a lineal descendant of Sir Gualter de Somerville, Lord of Wichnour, one of the companions of the Norman conqueror.

d For a full account of this individual see Hist, of Schoharie County, N. Y.

To face pnge 161, vol. i.

Arm?. -- A

Edmn C«»ai chea fice.

Edmund Ward, member of the=P] Colonial Assembij'; will da ted 12ih Feb 1731. Surro- ]2ate's Rec. No 11, 276.

Ediinnd, of Ea-tchestnr, to whora^^Phcebe Hon. Stephen, J|

lii:J fatber bequeathed a silver 1 Fowler of Westchestel

liilted sword; ob. 1805. | 1730, ob Dec.

1. Emund=. . 2. John 3. VVil- 4. Moses^ I liam

d For a full account of this individual see Hist, of Schoharie County, N. Y.

To face pnge 161, vol. i.

Arm?. -- A

Edmn C«»ai chea fice.

Edmund Ward, member of the=P] Colonial Assembij'; will da ted 12ih Feb 1731. Surro- ]2ate's Rec. No 11, 276.

Ediinnd, of Ea-tchestnr, to whora^^Phcebe Hon. Stephen, J|

lii:J fatber bequeathed a silver 1 Fowler of Westchestel

liilted sword; ob. 1805. | 1730, ob Dec.

1. Emund=. . 2. John 3. VVil- 4. Moses^ I liam

5. E.ijah G. Richards. ,

Jonathan

7. Step!

1. Phoel

2. Miri:

I.Oliver 4. Steplien I.Phoebe

y William 5. John 2. Miriam

3. Moses. 6 Augustus H.

Free.

love

Pine*

kney

1. Horatio

2. Alfred

Ana

Stephen, nat. Apiil £*, 17d7

Philip Pell, JefTersou County, N.Y.

Margaret Sarah=^Benj. Mary VVrlglit

Ruth Julia

Glorianna=

Charles, nat April 11, 1802, ob.

Sally Ann, nat. June 10, 1800, ob.

Jane

Emeline, nat. June. 18119

Moses=Elizabeth nat. Towns- June 3, end 17'. 4

Jolm, naf.=Sarah 26 June, Morgan

James, nat.=Eslher Thomas, n

21 April, Fowler 22d March

1780, ob28 1785. ob s. Aug 18:i8

Mooes, of=;Ann, da. of Philip, Sing I Job Sher- ob. s. p. Sing Wood.

William-

Th<

I I I I I I J J .

Isaac Abijah, Nathan- Mnj. Gen. Fran=Jame3 Sally-- Will Thomas Mary

ob. iel.ob. Aaron, of ces Pugs- Ann Carpen-

8. p. Sing Sing ley ter

Hannah=Elijah Elizabeth Ann=Levi Rcbecca=Dr. Scrib- Jemima=Georgi Wash- Shutc ner, of Tar- Sher.

burn rytown, ob. 1847. wood

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 161

1780, ob28 1785. ob s. Aug 18:i8

Mooes, of=;Ann, da. of Philip, Sing I Job Sher- ob. s. p. Sing Wood.

William-

Th<

I I I I I I J J .

Isaac Abijah, Nathan- Mnj. Gen. Fran=Jame3 Sally-- Will Thomas Mary

ob. iel.ob. Aaron, of ces Pugs- Ann Carpen-

8. p. Sing Sing ley ter

Hannah=Elijah Elizabeth Ann=Levi Rcbecca=Dr. Scrib- Jemima=Georgi Wash- Shutc ner, of Tar- Sher.

burn rytown, ob. 1847. wood

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 161

land situate in the town of Eastchester, late iii the possession of Edmund Ward, amounting to 252^ acres.^

The above mentioned Edmund Ward, was the only brother of

.•the Hon. Stephen Ward. Daring the RevoUition, Edmund appears to have sided with the loyalists, for which he lost his property under the confiscation act of 17S2. His second son John Ward, was an officer in the Loyal American regiment, " and entered (remarks Sabine) the military service of the Crown as early as 1776. During the war, he was frequently in battle.

. The loyal Americans went to New Brunswick, in 1783 ; and when in the course of that year the corps was disbanded, he settled at St. John as a merchant. He filled various public stations, and for many years enjoyed the appellation of the father of the city. At the time of his decease, he was not only the senior magistrate of the city and county of St. John, but the oldest merchant and half pay oflicer in New Brunswick. Mr. Vf ard was a gentleman of noble and venerable appearance. He died in 1S46, in the ninety-third year of his age. His remains were taken to Trinity Church, " where the impressive funeral service of the Church of England was read, and were subsequently interred in the new burial ground, followed to the grave by one of the largest and most respectable funeral processions ever seen in this city ; inckiding in distinct bodies, the justices of the peace for the city and county of St John, the common council of the city headed by his worship the Mayor, and his honor the Recorder, the members of the legal profession, (the barristers being in their gowns) at the head of whom, was his honor Mr.

His remains were taken to Trinity Church, " where the impressive funeral service of the Church of England was read, and were subsequently interred in the new burial ground, followed to the grave by one of the largest and most respectable funeral processions ever seen in this city ; inckiding in distinct bodies, the justices of the peace for the city and county of St John, the common council of the city headed by his worship the Mayor, and his honor the Recorder, the members of the legal profession, (the barristers being in their gowns) at the head of whom, was his honor Mr. Justice Carter, supported by the Honorable the Attorney General, and Solicitor General, the grand jury for the city and countj^ then attending the Circuit Court, and the officers and men of the New Brunswick regiment of artillery of St. John, as Vv'ell as a vast concourse of other citizens, all anxious to pay the last sad tribute of respect, to one who was so intimately associated with the early history of the country, &c."^

The Ward family originally came from Kent, England, and

a Abstract of Sales of Confiscated Estates, 138. b Sabine's Hist, of Amer. Loyalists, 67?,

Vol. I. 21

To ftre pnge lCl,Vol,

PEDIGREE OF WARD OF WESTCHESTER CO. ArmF. -- Az. a cross, patonce, or. Crest. -- A wolf's head, erased, or. Motto. -- Non nobis soliin

Andrew Ward, of Walertown, Afasa. freeman, 1634, accompanied the first settlers^ to Connecticut, and was elected a magistrate ia 1636 ; removed to Long Islaiid I in 1643 : a resident of Fairiield, Conn, in I64S.

a Abstract of Sales of Confiscated Estates, 138. b Sabine's Hist, of Amer. Loyalists, 67?,

Vol. I. 21

To ftre pnge lCl,Vol,

PEDIGREE OF WARD OF WESTCHESTER CO. ArmF. -- Az. a cross, patonce, or. Crest. -- A wolf's head, erased, or. Motto. -- Non nobis soliin

Andrew Ward, of Walertown, Afasa. freeman, 1634, accompanied the first settlers^ to Connecticut, and was elected a magistrate ia 1636 ; removed to Long Islaiid I in 1643 : a resident of Fairiield, Conn, in I64S.

Edmnnd Ward, of Fnirlield,=Mary Conn, removed to East- I ciiener : will dated June, 17i2. Surrogate's office.No. 7. III. I

Sainuel, Eastcliester, 1608=Hannah Abigail

of tlie=Pliffibe Sands

Williai field.

Uicliard, of Westcliester=Mary

Edniund, of Ea-5tcliestnr, 1 llis fatljer bcqueatlied a liilled sword ; ob. 1805.

w]lom=:Ph(Ebe

1730, ob I)ec. 8, 1797

•I I I

.2. John 3. Wil- 4. Moses=. liaui I

5. Elijah 0, Kichard=

I I I 7. SlCflit

1. Olivei a VVillii 3. Moses

,1 I I 4. 8tepliea

I I

1. Pbtebo

2. Mirian:

I I

1. Horaiio

2. Alfred

Ann

Charles=JVIary James,=Phffibe Barthn m. Jan. I Pell nat. 2U, 1783 May

28,

Toinp- Jomew,

S' Surr. of

kins. nat.

g. Weit'r

Aug.

25,

~ Sep. 31,

? 1768,0b.

= Sep. 28,

2 I8t3.

W Jonathan=Sarah Kicliard=: tJ Jagper= t>

Brown,

nat. 1st

g- nat.

da. of

Jan.

S Fe.4,

llacha-

177ll,m.

g. |-7;i.

llBh,

Mar. 6,

a ot) 4

nat. 2d

1791,ob

2. Dec.

June,

S8 May

g 1834.

Stephen, nat. Philip Pell, Jefler. Margaret Sarah=nenj. Apiil8, sou County, N.Y. Mary Wright

I Pell nat. 2U, 1783 May

28,

Toinp- Jomew,

S' Surr. of

kins. nat.

g. Weit'r

Aug.

25,

~ Sep. 31,

? 1768,0b.

= Sep. 28,

2 I8t3.

W Jonathan=Sarah Kicliard=: tJ Jagper= t>

Brown,

nat. 1st

g- nat.

da. of

Jan.

S Fe.4,

llacha-

177ll,m.

g. |-7;i.

llBh,

Mar. 6,

a ot) 4

nat. 2d

1791,ob

2. Dec.

June,

S8 May

g 1834.

Stephen, nat. Philip Pell, Jefler. Margaret Sarah=nenj. Apiil8, sou County, N.Y. Mary Wright

17S7

Caleb T. Bennett, nat, Mary, nat. Caroline Stephen

Ward, of July 11. 1795. May. 18U1, Anna= James H.

Slaten ob. 8 Jaa. ob. 21 Jackson nat. Sept.

Island 1812 May, 1816 ('dell 12 If2i

I I

Rev. John W.

Moses=Elizabelh

Joiin, nat.= 2fi June,

Daniel, nal 31 March

Theodore A. Caroline M. Mary A.

Abigail, nat. Ann, nat.=Tnwn- Margaret=Da 1776 25 Feb. send nal 16 Moi

17o3 June, 1787

John-

=Pha!lie

Oo'rL

John, of East-=Mary Thochest'T, will niaa dated n6t But. Reo^fol. 19, 1U2.

=Free- Inve Pinckaey

Hester, nat.=Peter Martha. nat.=Simeon 19 Aug. 1791 Boyd Sept. 10, 1709 Burgess

i, of=Ann, da. of Philip, g I Job Shcr- ob. s, p.

I I I

Israel--Sarah Samuel=Mary Nancy=St€phen I Ros- I Pur- Arclier.

I sell I dy

Rebecca--Naihani- Freelove^OIiver EIi2abeth=Gilbert U'ider- Torra Tomp-

Hannah=Jame3 Phffibe-- Wiltiatn

Naihan- Maj. Gen. ] iel.ob. Aaron, of S-P- Sing Sing

Hannah=EIijah Elizabeib Ann=Lev

riiomaa Mary=G.

uJbe

ca=:Dr. Scrib- Ji

ner, of Tar. rylown, ob. 1847.

J I

Elizabeth=NatiijinieI

John, ob. Thomas, l.eonard, James s- p. ob, 8. p. EssexCo. K. Y. N. J.

i, of=Ann, da. of Philip, g I Job Shcr- ob. s, p.

I I I

Israel--Sarah Samuel=Mary Nancy=St€phen I Ros- I Pur- Arclier.

I sell I dy

Rebecca--Naihani- Freelove^OIiver EIi2abeth=Gilbert U'ider- Torra Tomp-

Hannah=Jame3 Phffibe-- Wiltiatn

Naihan- Maj. Gen. ] iel.ob. Aaron, of S-P- Sing Sing

Hannah=EIijah Elizabeib Ann=Lev

riiomaa Mary=G.

uJbe

ca=:Dr. Scrib- Ji

ner, of Tar. rylown, ob. 1847.

J I

Elizabeth=NatiijinieI

John, ob. Thomas, l.eonard, James s- p. ob, 8. p. EssexCo. K. Y. N. J.

Ezra Elijah narriet:=:Wm. N. V . Den.

ham, N.Jerscy

Jemi-z=Natha-

COUNTY OF \YESTCHESTER. 161

land situate in the town of Eastchester, late in the possession of Edmund Ward, amounting to 252^ acres.^

The above mentioned Edmund Ward, was the only brother of the Hon. Stephen Ward. During the Revolution, Edmund appears to have sided with the loyalists, for which he lost his property under the confiscation act of 17S2. His second son John Ward, was an officer in the Loyal American regiment, " and entered (remarks Sabine) the military service of the Crown as early as 1776. During the war, he was frequently in battle. The loyal Americans went to New Brunswick, in 1783 ; and when in the course of that year the corps was disbanded, he settled at St. John as a merchant. He filled various public stations, and for many years enjoyed the appellation of the father of the city. At the time of his decease, he was not only the senior magistrate of the city and county of St. John, but the oldest merchant and half pay officer in New Brunswick. Mr. AYard v^as a gentleman of noble and venerable appearance. He died in 1S46, in the ninety-third year of his age. His remains were taken to Trinity Church, " where the impressive funeral service of the Church of England was read, and were subsequently interred in the newburial ground, followed to the grave by one of the largest and most respectable funeral processions ever seen in this city ; inchiding in distinct bodies, the justices of the peace for the city and county of St John, the common council of the city headed by his worship the Mayor, and his honor the Recorder, the members of the legal profession, (the barristers being in their gowns) at the head of whom, was his honor Mr.

His remains were taken to Trinity Church, " where the impressive funeral service of the Church of England was read, and were subsequently interred in the newburial ground, followed to the grave by one of the largest and most respectable funeral processions ever seen in this city ; inchiding in distinct bodies, the justices of the peace for the city and county of St John, the common council of the city headed by his worship the Mayor, and his honor the Recorder, the members of the legal profession, (the barristers being in their gowns) at the head of whom, was his honor Mr. Justice Carter, supported by the Honorable the Attorney General, and Solicitor General, the grand jury for the city and county, then attending the Circuit Court, and the officers and men of the New Brunswick regiment of artillery of St. John, as well as a vast concourse of other citizens, all anxious to pay the last sad tribute of respect, to one who was so intimately associated with the early history of the country, &c."^

The Ward family originally came from Kent, England, and

^ Abstract of Sales of Confiscated Estates, 138. b Sabine's Hist, of Amer. Loyalists, 673.

Vol. I. 21

162 HISTORY OF THE

claim descent from William de la Ward, who flourished temp. Henry II. 1154 to 1189.

The first member in this county appears to have been Andrew VVard,^ of Watertown, Mass., who accoinpanied the early settlers to Connecticut, and was elected a magistrate in 1636; he subsequently removed with the Rev, Richard Denton to Hempstead, L. I. In 1649, we find him residing at Fairfield, Connecticut. His sons were Samuel, of Easlchester, John, and Edmund the grandfather of the former proprietor of the Somerville estate.

claim descent from William de la Ward, who flourished temp. Henry II. 1154 to 1189.

The first member in this county appears to have been Andrew VVard,^ of Watertown, Mass., who accoinpanied the early settlers to Connecticut, and was elected a magistrate in 1636; he subsequently removed with the Rev, Richard Denton to Hempstead, L. I. In 1649, we find him residing at Fairfield, Connecticut. His sons were Samuel, of Easlchester, John, and Edmund the grandfather of the former proprietor of the Somerville estate.

In the northern part of this town are situated the residences of James Morgan^ and William Silliman, Esq. Immediately north of the latter stood the old Tredweli mansion, the head quarters of Lord Howe, when the British army lay encamped in the vicinity.c

The farm of Mr. John Bates completes the northern boundary of this town.

Upon Hutchinson's river are situated the saw and grist mills of John Tompkins and Stephen Anderson ; the latter gentleman, besides his mill, carries on a large rope and cord manufactory.

The general surface of Eastchester is hilly and somewhat stony, the soil chiefly consisting of a fertile loam, there is, however a good proportion of interval and meadow land upon the rivers. The town is well watered throughout, both by springs and streams. The growth of wood and timber resembles that of other towns in general ; oak of various kinds, hickory, chesnut, white wood, ash, walnut and pine, (fcc.

'•Among the most important minerals" of Eastchester, ("in an economical point of view,) may be ranked the dolomitic marble.^ which occurs abundantly in various places, and is extensively employed as a building material. Pyroxene occurs every where in the dolomite.''^

The town is well watered throughout, both by springs and streams. The growth of wood and timber resembles that of other towns in general ; oak of various kinds, hickory, chesnut, white wood, ash, walnut and pine, (fcc.

'•Among the most important minerals" of Eastchester, ("in an economical point of view,) may be ranked the dolomitic marble.^ which occurs abundantly in various places, and is extensively employed as a building material. Pyroxene occurs every where in the dolomite.''^

» For further particulars of this family see genealogy. ^ See genealogy.

«■ From John Tredweli this property passed to the late Capt. Joseph Skinner, who died October 20, 1&36, aged 70 years.

-i Dolomite, magnesian carbonate of lime. • Geological survey of the state, 1840.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

GREEN BURGH

Christ Cliurch, Tarry town.

In the Dutch language Grein (Grain) bnrgh (borough,) literally the Grain town. In some of the earlydeeds called Lawrences plantation, a name undoubtedly derived from one of its original proprietors.

At the period of the Dutch discovery, this town formed a part of the Indian territory of Wikagyl, as laid down in the Dutch carte of 1614. «•

The aboriginal name of the town itself was Weckquaskeck ; afterwards varied to Wechquossqueeck and Wiequoeshook ; in pure Algonquin, Weec-quoes-guck, the place of the bark kettle. b

Opposite Tappaan, (says Be Yries, in 1640.) lies a place called Wichquaesqueeck.

Van Tienhoven describing tlie same spot" remarks : '• Wicliquaesqueek, on the North River, five (twenty) miles above New Amsterdam, is a right good and suitable land for cultivation, contains considerable maize land which the Indians planted, rising from, the shore. In the interior the country is flat and mostly even, very abundantly watered with small streams and runniuo"

The aboriginal name of the town itself was Weckquaskeck ; afterwards varied to Wechquossqueeck and Wiequoeshook ; in pure Algonquin, Weec-quoes-guck, the place of the bark kettle. b

Opposite Tappaan, (says Be Yries, in 1640.) lies a place called Wichquaesqueeck.

Van Tienhoven describing tlie same spot" remarks : '• Wicliquaesqueek, on the North River, five (twenty) miles above New Amsterdam, is a right good and suitable land for cultivation, contains considerable maize land which the Indians planted, rising from, the shore. In the interior the country is flat and mostly even, very abundantly watered with small streams and runniuo"

* See Dutch carte, Secretary of State's office, Alb. k Schoolcraft's paper, Pro. N. Y. Hist. Soc. 1^44,

164 HISTORY OF THE

fountains. This land is situate between two rivulets called Sintsinck and Armonck, lying between the East and North rivers. ''Bedenkinge over het aenvaerden van de landeryen^inN. Nederlant."a

To a large current of water which descends through the village of Dobh's Ferry and falls into the Hudson at the upper landing, the Indians gave the name of Weghqueghe or Wysquaqua, by the English called afterwards Wickers creek or William Portugues creek.

At the mouth of this beautiful stream the powerful tribe of the Wichquaesqueecks, had erected a village which was standing in the time of Nicholas Johannes Visschers, (Nicholas John Visschers.) for in his map of Novum Belgium, published at Amsterdam, 1659,^ he calls it Wickquaskek, a name which was also applied to the surrounding lands as already shown. The site of this ancient village can still be traced on the neighboring banks by the numerous " Indian shell beds" which in some places are found to vary from two to three feet in depth. Another Mohegan village occupied the site of Tarrytown, called in the Algonquin, Alipkonck, " Anneebikong ? place of leaves or rich foliage.''^ "Above Weckquaskeck says Schoolcraft, was the village of Alipkonck, that is " a place of elms."<i

At the mouth of this beautiful stream the powerful tribe of the Wichquaesqueecks, had erected a village which was standing in the time of Nicholas Johannes Visschers, (Nicholas John Visschers.) for in his map of Novum Belgium, published at Amsterdam, 1659,^ he calls it Wickquaskek, a name which was also applied to the surrounding lands as already shown. The site of this ancient village can still be traced on the neighboring banks by the numerous " Indian shell beds" which in some places are found to vary from two to three feet in depth. Another Mohegan village occupied the site of Tarrytown, called in the Algonquin, Alipkonck, " Anneebikong ? place of leaves or rich foliage.''^ "Above Weckquaskeck says Schoolcraft, was the village of Alipkonck, that is " a place of elms."<i

On the mnp of ''Novum Belgium" it is also styled Alipconck, which clearly shows it was standing in 1659.

From the bark of the white elm (ulmus Americana) the Indian manufactured his light canoe.e This tree is also celebrated for the elegance of its foliage.

As early as 1644 there were three entrenched castles belonging to the Weckqaaskecks.f One of these strong-holds was

* O'Callaghan's Hist. N. N. p. 240.

i> See copy of Visscher's map engraved by Thomas Starling, Wilmington Square » London, 1833 ; from the original, in the possession of S. Converse, New York.

""■ Schoolcraft's Ethnology. Oneota.

d Proceedings of N. Y. Hist. Soc. 1844.

e These canoes of bark were sewed together with thongs made from the dry sinews of the deer. One of them was capable of holding from twelve to fourteen men, or one hundred and fifty bushels of corn.

i> See copy of Visscher's map engraved by Thomas Starling, Wilmington Square » London, 1833 ; from the original, in the possession of S. Converse, New York.

""■ Schoolcraft's Ethnology. Oneota.

d Proceedings of N. Y. Hist. Soc. 1844.

e These canoes of bark were sewed together with thongs made from the dry sinews of the deer. One of them was capable of holding from twelve to fourteen men, or one hundred and fifty bushels of corn.

' O'Callaghan's Hist. N. N. 299.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 165

still remaining in 1663, and garrisoned with eighty warriors.

The first sachem of Weckquaskeck, of whom we have any account, was Mongockonone, who appeared in behalf of this place, A. D. 1644, at Fort Amsterdam.

This chief must have held his authority under the high sachem of the Mohegans, for on the 30th of August, 1645, we find Aepjen, chief sachem of the Mohegans, appearing in behalf of Weckquaskeck before the Director General and Council at Fort Amsterdam. a-

Eighteen years later Oratam, chief of Hackinkishacky, summoned the chiefs of Weckquaskeck before the Council. Upon the death of Mongockonone, (who doubtless fell in one pf the Indian wars so frequent in that stormy period,) Pounpahowhelbshelen appears to have inherited the chieftainship. This individual sanctioned the sale of lands called Ubiequaeshook toPetrus Stuyvesant, A. D. 1649.b

The chief of Weckquaskeck in the year 1660 was Ackhongh, who is called the chief and counsellor of Weckquaskeck.

In 1663 we have the names of Toawenare, sachem of the same place, and Souwenaro his brother. Also the same year occurs the name of Schowmenarack. In 16S0 the chiefs were Weskora or Weskomen and Goharius his brother. And one year later Wessickenaiuw, sachem of Weckquaskeck, and Conarhanded his brother.

This individual sanctioned the sale of lands called Ubiequaeshook toPetrus Stuyvesant, A. D. 1649.b

The chief of Weckquaskeck in the year 1660 was Ackhongh, who is called the chief and counsellor of Weckquaskeck.

In 1663 we have the names of Toawenare, sachem of the same place, and Souwenaro his brother. Also the same year occurs the name of Schowmenarack. In 16S0 the chiefs were Weskora or Weskomen and Goharius his brother. And one year later Wessickenaiuw, sachem of Weckquaskeck, and Conarhanded his brother.

The descendants of the aboriginal proprietors appear to have been very numerous in this town, A. D. 1731, nearly half a century after their last sale to Frederick Philips.

In 1746 there were two Indian villages situated in the vicinity of Hart's corners ; one stood on the farm of Mr. James Mc Chain, whilst the second crowned the summit of Indian Hill, the property of Mr. John Tompkins. Even as late as 1755 the banks of the Hudson were thickly populated by the Indians

a N. Y. Hist. Soc. 2 series, vol. i. 27G.

b Pennekeck, sachem in Achtercol, stated on the 16th July, 1649, (before the Director and Council,) that the tribe named Raritans residing before at Wecquaskeck, had no sachem, &.c. Alb. Rec. vol. vii. 252.

156 HISTORY OF THE

particularly south of Tarrytovvn in the vicinity of Mr. James Ackers.

The cruel murder of an aged warrior of this town, Sept. A. D. 1620, plunged the Dutch colony into a long series of wdrs. It appears that " one of the neighboring tribe of Wickwasqueeck Indians had come, with his nephew and another of his nation, to the Dutch fort to sell some beaver skins. He was met, unfortunately, by three of Minuit's farm servants, who not only rifled the Indian of his property but murdered him in cold blood.

The cruel murder of an aged warrior of this town, Sept. A. D. 1620, plunged the Dutch colony into a long series of wdrs. It appears that " one of the neighboring tribe of Wickwasqueeck Indians had come, with his nephew and another of his nation, to the Dutch fort to sell some beaver skins. He was met, unfortunately, by three of Minuit's farm servants, who not only rifled the Indian of his property but murdered him in cold blood. The nephew of the unfortunate man, who was then a mere youth, was a witness to this outrage. He returned home brooding over the wrong, and vowed to take vengeance when he should arrive at the years of manhood ; a vow he too faithfully fulfilled years afterwards, the Dutch having neglected to expiate the crime by a suitable present of wampum, in conformity with the customs of the redmen, or to punish the murderers, as justice and good policy demanded."^

Sept. A. D. 1641, the boy had now attained the age of manliood. " His uncle's spirit was still unappeased -- his murder was unavenged. His voice was heard in the roaring of the storm -- in the rustle of the leaves -- in the sighing of the winds; and full of the conviction that that spirit could not find rest until vengeance should be had, the young Weckquaeskeeck sought for a victim to offer to the manes of the dead. Shrouding his evil purpose under the cloak of a friendly or business visit, he called a-t the house of one Claes Cornelisz Smits, the '• raadmaker,"^ an aged settler resident on the west side of the river, under pretence of making some purchases. The old man suspecting no harm, (for the Indian had been in the habit of working for his son,) set some food before him, and proceeded to get from a chest, in which it lay, the cloth which the other wished to purchase.

Shrouding his evil purpose under the cloak of a friendly or business visit, he called a-t the house of one Claes Cornelisz Smits, the '• raadmaker,"^ an aged settler resident on the west side of the river, under pretence of making some purchases. The old man suspecting no harm, (for the Indian had been in the habit of working for his son,) set some food before him, and proceeded to get from a chest, in which it lay, the cloth which the other wished to purchase. The moment he stooped, the savage seized an axe, struck him dead, and then wiihdreWj having rifled the house of all its contents.

• O'Callaghan's Hist. N. N. p. 105. lb Raadmaker (wheelright.)

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 167

*• This aggression on an old and helpless man excited, when it became known, considerable feeling at Fort Amsterdam."* " Director Kieft promptly demanded satisfaction from the chiefs of the Weckquaskecks. "But the sachem" (who was doubtless Mongockonone) " refnsed to make any atonement. He was sarry that twenty Christians had not been immolated ; the Indian had but avenged, after the manner of his race, the murder of a relative whom the Dutch had slain nearly twenty years before. On receipt of this answer, armed parties were sent out to retaliate, but they returned, having effected nothing,"*^ - /

Aug. 29, I641y it was proposed to wait -'until the hunting season, when it was suggested that two expeditions should be got np ; one to land in the neighborhood of the ' Archipelago,' or Norwalk Island -- the other, at Weckquaskeck."

He was sarry that twenty Christians had not been immolated ; the Indian had but avenged, after the manner of his race, the murder of a relative whom the Dutch had slain nearly twenty years before. On receipt of this answer, armed parties were sent out to retaliate, but they returned, having effected nothing,"*^ - /

Aug. 29, I641y it was proposed to wait -'until the hunting season, when it was suggested that two expeditions should be got np ; one to land in the neighborhood of the ' Archipelago,' or Norwalk Island -- the other, at Weckquaskeck."

Notwithstanding the impatience of Kieft to attack the Weckquaskecks, he could not obtain the consent of his council until Feb. IS, 1642. Having now received their sanction, " he ordered Hendri^ck Van Dyck, ensign in the Company's service, who had been already over two years stationed at New Amsterdam, to proceed with a force of eighty men against the Weckquaskecks, to execute summary vengeance upon that tribe, with fire and sword. >■ 'i *^ '^- '•

To ensure complete success, the expedition was placed under the direction of a trusty guide, who professed to be intimately acquainted with the homes and haunts of the savages. This party started in the fore part of March, and pushed actively forward towards the Indian village ; but fortune favored the red man. The night set in clouded and dark; and when the expedition reached Armenperal,'^ Van Dyck called a halt, notwithstanding the entreaties of his men to push on, ere the savages

To ensure complete success, the expedition was placed under the direction of a trusty guide, who professed to be intimately acquainted with the homes and haunts of the savages. This party started in the fore part of March, and pushed actively forward towards the Indian village ; but fortune favored the red man. The night set in clouded and dark; and when the expedition reached Armenperal,'^ Van Dyck called a halt, notwithstanding the entreaties of his men to push on, ere the savages

a O'Callaghan's Hist. N. N . p. 240, 1.

b O'Callaghan's Hist N. N. p. 24:1. Journal van Nieuw Nederlaut, Hoi. Doc. v. 314. De Vries corroborates the statements in the text.

« O'Callaghan's Hist. N. N. p. 242.

d Armenperal supposed to be the west branch of the Sprain river, which flows in the rear of Dobb's Ferry. -

168 HISTORY OF THE

should have warning of their approach. An hour and a half was thus lost ; the guide then missed his way, whereupon Van Dyck Jost temper, and made a retrograde movement to Fort Amsterdam, whither he returned without having accomplished the object for which he had been detailed. The expedition however was not without its effect. The Indians had observed, by the trail of the white men, how narrowly they had escaped destruction, and therefore immediately sued for peace, which Cornells van Tienhoven concluded with them, in the course of the spring" of 1642, "at the house of a settler named Jonas Bronk, who resided on a river to which he gave his name, situate east of Yonkers, in the present county of Westchester."

The expedition however was not without its effect. The Indians had observed, by the trail of the white men, how narrowly they had escaped destruction, and therefore immediately sued for peace, which Cornells van Tienhoven concluded with them, in the course of the spring" of 1642, "at the house of a settler named Jonas Bronk, who resided on a river to which he gave his name, situate east of Yonkers, in the present county of Westchester."

One of the conditions of the above treaty was the surrender of the murderer of Clas Smits, dead or alive ; a condition which however was never fulfilled, owing either to unwillingness or inability on the part of the Indians.''^

" Feb. 7ih, 1642, winter came, and while the earth was yet buried in snoW, a party of armed Mohawks, some eighty or ninety in number, made a descent upon the Weckquaskecks and Tappaen Indians, for the purpose of levying tribute.''^

'• At the approach of these formidable warriors of a braver Huron race, the more numerous but cowering Algonquins crowded together in despair, begging assistance of the Dutch. Kieft seized the moment for an exterminating massacre. In vain was it foretold that the ruin would light upon the Dutch themselves. In the stillness of a dark winter's night, the soldiers at the fort, joined by freebooters from Dutch privateers, and led by a guide who knew every by-path and nook where the savages nestled, crossed the Hudson," (into Pavonia, New Jersey, whither the unsuspecting Weckquaskecks and Tappaens had fled from Manhattan,) " for the purpose of destruction. The naked and unsuspecting tribes could offer little resistance : the noise of musketry mingled with the yell of the victims. Nearly a hundred

In the stillness of a dark winter's night, the soldiers at the fort, joined by freebooters from Dutch privateers, and led by a guide who knew every by-path and nook where the savages nestled, crossed the Hudson," (into Pavonia, New Jersey, whither the unsuspecting Weckquaskecks and Tappaens had fled from Manhattan,) " for the purpose of destruction. The naked and unsuspecting tribes could offer little resistance : the noise of musketry mingled with the yell of the victims. Nearly a hundred

« O'Callaghan's Hist. N. N. p. 249, 50. b O'Callaghan's Hist. N. N. p. 264.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 169

perished in the carnage. Day break did not end its horrors ; men might be seen, mangled and helpless, suffering from cold and hunger; children were tossed into the stream, and as their parents plunged to their rescue, the soldiers prevented their landing, that both child and parent might drown. "^ Beside these thirty more were murdered at Corlaers Hook on Manhattan Island while sunk in repose.

"This unjustifiable outrage led to consequences ulmost fatal to the Dutch. It estranged the Long Island Indians, the wannest of their friends, who now formed an alliance with the River Indians, whose hate knew no bounds when they discovered that it was the Dutch, and not the Mohawks, v/ho had attacked them at Pavonia and Corlaers Hook. The tomahawk, the fire-brandj and scalping knife, were clutched with all the ferocity of phrensy, and the war-whoop rang from the Raritan to the Connecticut, for eleven tribes of savages proclaimed open war against the Dutch. Every settler on whom they laid hands was murdered -- women and children dragged into captivity ; and though the settlements around Fort Amsterdam extended, at this period, thirty English miles to the east, and twenty-one to the north and south, the enemy burned the dwellings, desolated the farms and form-houses, killed the cattle, destroyed the crops of grain, hay, and tobacco, laid waste the country all around, and drove the settlers, panicstricken, into Fort Amsterdam. ' Mine eyes saw the flames of their towns,' says Roger Williams, 'the frights and hurries of men, women and children, and the present removal of all that could to Holland.'^ The assassins, says Bancroft, were compelled to desire a peace, which was covenanted with the River Indians the 22cl of April, 164.3.

Every settler on whom they laid hands was murdered -- women and children dragged into captivity ; and though the settlements around Fort Amsterdam extended, at this period, thirty English miles to the east, and twenty-one to the north and south, the enemy burned the dwellings, desolated the farms and form-houses, killed the cattle, destroyed the crops of grain, hay, and tobacco, laid waste the country all around, and drove the settlers, panicstricken, into Fort Amsterdam. ' Mine eyes saw the flames of their towns,' says Roger Williams, 'the frights and hurries of men, women and children, and the present removal of all that could to Holland.'^ The assassins, says Bancroft, were compelled to desire a peace, which was covenanted with the River Indians the 22cl of April, 164.3. " This was principally brought about by the Dutch Pairoon de Vries, and not by Roger Williams, as some of the New England historians claim."c

This peace proved unsatisfactory, for we find the Indians again taking up arms.

' Bancroft's Hist. U. S. ii. 289, 90.

b O Callaghan's Hist. N. N. p. 270. Rhode Island Hist. Rec. Lii. 156.

c O'Callaghan's Hist. N. N. p*276, note.

Vol. I. 22

170 HISTORY OF THE

*' 15tli Sept. 1643, it was resolved by the Dutch to renew the war, either by force or stratagem, ao^ainst the River Indians."^

<' A. D. 1644, some of the Stamford people having surprised an Indian village and taken some prisoners; one of them an old man, proposed to the Dutch, in hopes of obtaining a reward '• to lead any of their troops against the Weckqnaesqueecks, who are said to be entrenched in ihree casiles, at the north, liieutenant Baxter and Sergeant Cock were, thereupon, ordered to proceed under the guidance of this old man, with sixty-five men against this tribe.

D. 1644, some of the Stamford people having surprised an Indian village and taken some prisoners; one of them an old man, proposed to the Dutch, in hopes of obtaining a reward '• to lead any of their troops against the Weckqnaesqueecks, who are said to be entrenched in ihree casiles, at the north, liieutenant Baxter and Sergeant Cock were, thereupon, ordered to proceed under the guidance of this old man, with sixty-five men against this tribe. But this party was in no way more fortunate than those which had aU'eady gone on similar expeditions. Tiiey found the castles of the Indians formidable in construction, and well adapted for defence. They were built of five inch plank, nine feet high, and bound around with thick beams, and studded with port holes. Though it was calculated that thirty Indians could hold out, in one of these, against two hundred soldiers, strange to tell, the whole were found uninhabited. The Dutch, thereupon, burnt two of these strongholds, reserving the third as a point to retreat to, in case of necessity. From this place they next marched between thirty and forty miles further, but discovered nothing save a few lir.ts.''^

April 6, 1644. The spring approaching made our river Indians again anxious for peace, which was brought about by the intervention of Capt. John Underbill. '' xMamaranack. chief of the Indians residing on the Kicktawanc, or Croton River ; Mongockonone, Pappenoharrow, from the Weckqueesqueecks and Nochpeem ; and the AVappings from Stamford, ])resented themselves,ia a {^\Y days, at Fort Amsterdam, and having pledged themselves, that they should not henceforth commit any injnrV; whatever on the inhabitants of INew Netherland, their cattle and houses, nor show themselves except in a canoe, before Fort Amsterdam, should the Dutch be at war with any of the Manhattan tribes ; and having further promised to deliver up Pacham the chief of the Tamkitekes," (who resided in the rear of Sing Sing,) "peace

John Underbill. '' xMamaranack. chief of the Indians residing on the Kicktawanc, or Croton River ; Mongockonone, Pappenoharrow, from the Weckqueesqueecks and Nochpeem ; and the AVappings from Stamford, ])resented themselves,ia a {^\Y days, at Fort Amsterdam, and having pledged themselves, that they should not henceforth commit any injnrV; whatever on the inhabitants of INew Netherland, their cattle and houses, nor show themselves except in a canoe, before Fort Amsterdam, should the Dutch be at war with any of the Manhattan tribes ; and having further promised to deliver up Pacham the chief of the Tamkitekes," (who resided in the rear of Sing Sing,) "peace

• O'Callaghan's Hist. p. 285.

»» O'Callaghan's Hist. N. N. 298.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 171

was concluded between ibem and the Dntch ; who promised, on their part, not to molest them in any way."*

The fall of the same year, 1644, we find the ''eight men" or conncil of the director, tjins complaining to the directors of the Dntch West India Company at home.

A semblance of peace was attempted to be patched np last spring with two or three tribes of savages towards the north by a stranger,b whom we, for cnnse shall not now name, without one of the Con)pany's servants having been present, while our principal enemies have been nnmolested. This peace hath borne little frnit for the common advantage and reputation of our lords, &c. ; for so soon as these savages had stowed away their maize into holes, they began again, to mnrder our people in various directions. They rove in parties continually around day and night, on the Island of Manhattans, slaying our folks, not a thousand paces from the forts, and 'tis now arrived at such a pass, that no one dare move a foot to fetch a slick of fire wood, without a strong escort, c

This peace hath borne little frnit for the common advantage and reputation of our lords, &c. ; for so soon as these savages had stowed away their maize into holes, they began again, to mnrder our people in various directions. They rove in parties continually around day and night, on the Island of Manhattans, slaying our folks, not a thousand paces from the forts, and 'tis now arrived at such a pass, that no one dare move a foot to fetch a slick of fire wood, without a strong escort, c

'•The spring of 1645, brought with it as usual, another desire for peace, on the part of the River Indians," " This was brought about by Kieft and his counsellor, La Montague." '• To make suitable presents to the Mohegans or Mahicanders in token f f the ratification of this peace, Kieft was obliged however to borrow money" from Adriaen vnnder Donck, sheriff of Rensselaerswyck, afterwards Patroon of Colendonck, (Yonkers,) and others.^

On the occasion of this treaty, which took place 30'h August, 1615, " Aepjen, cliief of the Mohegans, spoke for the Wappinecks the Wechquaesqueecks, the Sinlsings, and tjie Kitchtawancks ; these, with others, sealed themselves, silent and grave, in front of Fort Amsterdam, before the Director General and his councih and the wholecommonalty ; and there, having religiously smoked the great calumet, concluded in "the presence of the sun and

a O'Callaghan, p. 303. : ^ / '-

b Captain John Underhiil. • / - .

c Hoi. Doc. 111,200,222.

On the occasion of this treaty, which took place 30'h August, 1615, " Aepjen, cliief of the Mohegans, spoke for the Wappinecks the Wechquaesqueecks, the Sinlsings, and tjie Kitchtawancks ; these, with others, sealed themselves, silent and grave, in front of Fort Amsterdam, before the Director General and his councih and the wholecommonalty ; and there, having religiously smoked the great calumet, concluded in "the presence of the sun and

a O'Callaghan, p. 303. : ^ / '-

b Captain John Underhiil. • / - .

c Hoi. Doc. 111,200,222.

d Vauderdonck's New Neth. N. Y. Hist. Soc trans. ^2 ser.) Isf, 27 Vol, .

172 HISTORY OF THE , .

ocean," a solemn and durable peace wiih the Dutch, which both the contracting parties reciprocally bound themselves honorably and firmly to maintain and observe."*

The ralification of this important treaty terminated, a re-establishment of good understanding with the natives commenced, for. on the 14th of July, 1649, we find the Director General, Petrns Stuyvesant, purchasing lands in this town, in behalf of the Dutch West India Company.

" On this day, the date underwritten, appeared before the noble Lords, the Director General, and the council, Megiegichkama, Oleyochgue, and WegtaJiOckhen ; the right owners of the lands lying on the North River of New Netherland, on the east shore, called Ubiequaeshook, in the breadth through the vvoods, till a certain kil called Seivegrat, diverging at the East River, from thence northward and southward to a certain kil named Rechawes, the same land lying betwixt two kils, one-half woods, and betwixt the North and East Rivers ; so that the western half to the aforesaid is still remaining ; and the other easterly half, with a south and north direction, middle through the woods, the aforesaid owners acknowledged ; that with the consent of the chief Sachem, they have sold the parcel of land, and all their oystering, fishing, &c. , unto the noble Lord Petrus Stuyvesant, Director General of New Netherland, fur, and in consideration of certain parcels of merchandize which they acknowledge to their satisfaction to have received into their hands and power, before the passing of these presents, viz. :

" On this day, the date underwritten, appeared before the noble Lords, the Director General, and the council, Megiegichkama, Oleyochgue, and WegtaJiOckhen ; the right owners of the lands lying on the North River of New Netherland, on the east shore, called Ubiequaeshook, in the breadth through the vvoods, till a certain kil called Seivegrat, diverging at the East River, from thence northward and southward to a certain kil named Rechawes, the same land lying betwixt two kils, one-half woods, and betwixt the North and East Rivers ; so that the western half to the aforesaid is still remaining ; and the other easterly half, with a south and north direction, middle through the woods, the aforesaid owners acknowledged ; that with the consent of the chief Sachem, they have sold the parcel of land, and all their oystering, fishing, &c. , unto the noble Lord Petrus Stuyvesant, Director General of New Netherland, fur, and in consideration of certain parcels of merchandize which they acknowledge to their satisfaction to have received into their hands and power, before the passing of these presents, viz. :

6 Fathom cloth for jackets. 10 Knives. 1 Gun

6 Ditto seawanl (wampum.) 10 Harrow teeth. 2 lbs. lead.

6 Kettles. 10 Corals or beads. 2 lbs. powder.

6 Axes. ' 10 Bells. 2 Cloth coats.

6 Addices.

In consideration of which, the before-mentioned owners do hereby the said land convey, transport, and give over, to the aforesaid (noble Lords the Director General, and his successors in full, true, and free ownership : To the said land, we the grantors, neither now nor hereafter, shall ever present any claim for ourselves, or our heirs and successors, desisting by these presents from all action, either of equity or jurisdicton, but conveying all the same to the said Director General and his successors, to do therewith as it may seem proper to them, without their, the grantors, or any one of them, molesting the grantee of the aforesaid land, whether in his property or his family.

In consideration of which, the before-mentioned owners do hereby the said land convey, transport, and give over, to the aforesaid (noble Lords the Director General, and his successors in full, true, and free ownership : To the said land, we the grantors, neither now nor hereafter, shall ever present any claim for ourselves, or our heirs and successors, desisting by these presents from all action, either of equity or jurisdicton, but conveying all the same to the said Director General and his successors, to do therewith as it may seem proper to them, without their, the grantors, or any one of them, molesting the grantee of the aforesaid land, whether in his property or his family. It is also agreed that the most westerly half, just as the Lord Director pleases, shall go with

O'Callaghan's Hist. N. N. 356.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

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174 HISTORY OF THE

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174 HISTORY OF THE

The sachems of this town subsequently committed further depredations, and probably armed several of ihe sixty four war canoes that attacked and ravaged the country around Manhattan during the absence of Stuyvesant in 16o5.a

For on tlie Cth of March, 1660, we find Ackhongh, the chief and counsellor of Weecqjiaesqueeck,i\ppei\nng in the city of New Amsterdam, before the Director General and Council, to treat for peace. b

On the lOih of July, 1663, during the negotiation between Connecticut and the Dutch, a furious war was raging in the neighborhood of Esopus. The insurgent tribes were fieaded by five warlike chiefs, viz.. Pennyraweck. kSewekenamo, Wapperonk, Caelcop, and Mekarowe, who threatened not only the extinction of the Dutch villages, bat also their allies, the Weeck--'- quaesqneecks. In dread of the threatened invasion, we find the chiefs of this town repairing to New Amsterdam on the 26th of July, 1663. "Souwenaro, sachem of Weeckquaesqueeck, came of his own accord, with his brother, and asserted th:)t he was warned by a Wappinger Indian that the Esopus Indians intended to come down, within five or six days, with forty or fifty men to kill them, with the Dutch of New HarUiem and other places, and those of the New Village: he told them he, with his people, took therefore their flight near Harlaem. He notified them of it, and why they came, so that those of New Harlaem should not be intimidated.

"Souwenaro, sachem of Weeckquaesqueeck, came of his own accord, with his brother, and asserted th:)t he was warned by a Wappinger Indian that the Esopus Indians intended to come down, within five or six days, with forty or fifty men to kill them, with the Dutch of New HarUiem and other places, and those of the New Village: he told them he, with his people, took therefore their flight near Harlaem. He notified them of it, and why they came, so that those of New Harlaem should not be intimidated.

" He said, further, that he warned those at New Harlaem, and requested we would do the same to the pe-^.ple in that neighborhood, and warn those on the general's farm (Bowery). Souweiiaro also stated that his people were only eighty strong which could bear arms, and that they had, consequently, left their fort at Weeckquaesqueeck, and had retired into the woods to defend themselves.''^

This war with the Esopus Indians lasted till November, 1663, when a peace was concluded. In the fi\ll of the same year, Sept. 15; 1663, appeared in the fort, Schoumenarack, chief of Wecc-

» Bancroft's IlLst. U. S. iL p. 299. « Alb. Rec. xxi. 247.

b Alb. Rec. xxi. p. 247.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 175

qnaesqiieeck, soliciting for himself and his men to go fishing unmolested near the village of Harlaem, which was granted on condition that they shall not come with arms near the Dntch dwellings, and that it may be known, with full certainty, that they were his savages, and not some of Esopns ; so was delivered to him a senl (signet) of tlie Dutch Company, printed on wax, in small billets, which might be shown in meeting Dntchmen, on the day as above.

qnaesqiieeck, soliciting for himself and his men to go fishing unmolested near the village of Harlaem, which was granted on condition that they shall not come with arms near the Dntch dwellings, and that it may be known, with full certainty, that they were his savages, and not some of Esopns ; so was delivered to him a senl (signet) of tlie Dutch Company, printed on wax, in small billets, which might be shown in meeting Dntchmen, on the day as above.

Note. -- There were delivered to him twelve seals, viz. : --

For those of Weecquaesqneeck, whose chief is Sawwesach, four.

'J'o Kitchtawangh, whose chief is Currupin, four.

Kiskingthing and Sint Sinck have do chiefs, but are considered to belong to those savages. »

On the 2lst of October, 1663, we find the chiefs of Weecquaesqneeck, united with tliose of Sint Siuck and Kitchtawang, in a war with the Dutch. ^' The armistice of November appears to have restored tranquillity. During the summer of 16()2, "Connecticut purchased of the Indians all the lands on the seaboard as far west as the North River."c Thus a second lime was this territory ceded by the sachems of Weecquaesqneck. Upon the confiscation of the property of the Dutch West India Company, 15ih of June, 1665, the New Netherlands passed to his Royal HighnesSj James, Duke of York; and these lands being within tlie province of New York, formed a part of the North Riding of Yorkshire. In consequence, Connecticut ceased to hold any jurisdiction.

During the summer of 16()2, "Connecticut purchased of the Indians all the lands on the seaboard as far west as the North River."c Thus a second lime was this territory ceded by the sachems of Weecquaesqneck. Upon the confiscation of the property of the Dutch West India Company, 15ih of June, 1665, the New Netherlands passed to his Royal HighnesSj James, Duke of York; and these lands being within tlie province of New York, formed a part of the North Riding of Yorkshire. In consequence, Connecticut ceased to hold any jurisdiction.

The next grantee, under the sachems of Weecquaesqneeck, was the Hon. Frederick Philipse, of East Friesland, in Holland, who had emiorated to New Amsterdam at an early period. The first grant to Philipse occurs on the lOth of December, 1681.

" From the Intlians Cobus, Oramaghqueer, Betthunsk, Sjoghweena-men, Wenraweghien, Saijgadme, and Togtquanduck, of all those lands beginning on the north sice of a creek called Bisightick, and so ranging along said river northerly to the landd of the said Frederick Philipse, and thence alongst the

» Alb. Rec. c Bancroft's Hi.st. U. S. ii. 312.

b Alb Rec. xviii. 446. <i This refers to a former purchase.

176 HISTORY OF THE

said land, north-east and by east until it comes to and meets with the creek called Neppizan, if the said creek shall fall within that line, otherwise to extend no further than the head of the creek or kill called Pekantico, or Pueghanduck, and then southerly alongst said river Nippizan if the sanae shall fall within the said line as aforesaid, or else in a direct line from the head of the said creek or kill called Peckantico, until it comes opposite the said first mentioned creek called Bisightick, and from thence westerly to the head of the said creek Bisightick and alongst the same to the North or Hudson's river,"^ &c. &c.

said land, north-east and by east until it comes to and meets with the creek called Neppizan, if the said creek shall fall within that line, otherwise to extend no further than the head of the creek or kill called Pekantico, or Pueghanduck, and then southerly alongst said river Nippizan if the sanae shall fall within the said line as aforesaid, or else in a direct line from the head of the said creek or kill called Peckantico, until it comes opposite the said first mentioned creek called Bisightick, and from thence westerly to the head of the said creek Bisightick and alongst the same to the North or Hudson's river,"^ &c. &c. This purchase embraced the north-west portion of the town, and a part of Mount Pleasant. It was attested by

W The mark of \yessickenaeuw Sachem of Wesquaskack.

Witness the mark of C^ Clause the Indian. b

V The mark of Ghoharius for himself, Cobus, and Toghquandack.

W The mark of Wramaghaqueer.

Z The mark of Petthunck.

O The mark of Sjogheveen.

V, The mark of Wearaweghein.

/ The mark of Sayjaenw. Here follows a schedule or particular account of the wampum and other goods paid by Frederick Philipse for the said land. 10 fathom of duffils, 2 iron potts, 6 howes,

10 blankets, 5 earthen cans 12 axes,

8 gunns, 12 steeles to strike fire, 9 kettles,

7 shirts, 2 coopers' adds, 40 knives,

1 anker of rum, 2 half vatts of beere, 6 brass tobacco boxes,

V, The mark of Wearaweghein.

/ The mark of Sayjaenw. Here follows a schedule or particular account of the wampum and other goods paid by Frederick Philipse for the said land. 10 fathom of duffils, 2 iron potts, 6 howes,

10 blankets, 5 earthen cans 12 axes,

8 gunns, 12 steeles to strike fire, 9 kettles,

7 shirts, 2 coopers' adds, 40 knives,

1 anker of rum, 2 half vatts of beere, 6 brass tobacco boxes,

25 lbs. of powder, 70 fathom of wampum, 6 coates,

10 bars of lead, 7 pair of stockin^^s, 2 drawing knives.

The second sale to Philipse embraces lands situated south of the former, bearing date the 13th of April, 1682.

*' Beginning at the south side of a creek called Bisightick, and so ranging along Hudson's river, southerly to a creek or fall called by the Indians Weghquegsike, and by the christians called Lawrence's plantation ; and from the mouth of the said creek or fall, upon a due east course, to a creek called by the Indians Nippiran, and by the christians Youncker's kill; and from thence along the west side of the said creek or kill, as the same ruas to lands formerly bought."

In presence of Emient, Sachem of Siapham, Kicktawongh, Goharis,

Conarhande, brother of Wassekanew, Teattanqueer, Aramaghqueer, Wearaquaeghier,

» Book of Pat. Alb. v. 54.

t Tbifl individual appears to have acted as interpreter upon the occasion.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. ' 177

A schedule or particular of the wampum and other goods paid by Frederick Philipse to the Indians, the owners and proprietors of the above land.

*' Beginning at the south side of a creek called Bisightick, and so ranging along Hudson's river, southerly to a creek or fall called by the Indians Weghquegsike, and by the christians called Lawrence's plantation ; and from the mouth of the said creek or fall, upon a due east course, to a creek called by the Indians Nippiran, and by the christians Youncker's kill; and from thence along the west side of the said creek or kill, as the same ruas to lands formerly bought."

In presence of Emient, Sachem of Siapham, Kicktawongh, Goharis,

Conarhande, brother of Wassekanew, Teattanqueer, Aramaghqueer, Wearaquaeghier,

» Book of Pat. Alb. v. 54.

t Tbifl individual appears to have acted as interpreter upon the occasion.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. ' 177

A schedule or particular of the wampum and other goods paid by Frederick Philipse to the Indians, the owners and proprietors of the above land.

100 fathoms of white 30 barrs of lead, 20 boxes,

wampum. 12 shirts, 2 ankers of rum.

12 fathom black ditto, 12 pair of stockings, 2 1-2 vatts of beere,

. 12 ditto of duiiills, 30 hows, 3 drawing knives,

12 blankets, , 8 fathom of stroud wa- 2 coopers adds,

12 kettles, ter cloth, 10 yearthen juggs,

10 guns, \ ' 8 coates, , 10 axis,*

60 lb. of powder, 50 knives.

Upon the 6th of September, 1682, Frederick Philipse purchased of tlie native Indians : ' . ' '

" All that tract of land situate, lying and being on the east side of Hudson's river, beginning on the north side of the land belonging to the Younckers kill, or Wepperhaem, at a great rock called by the Indians Sigghes,b and from thence ranging into the woods eastwardly to a creek called by the Indians Nepperha, and from thence along the said creek northerly till you come to the eastward of the head of a creek called by the Indians Weghqueghe, being the utmost bounds of the lands formerly bought of the Indians, &c.,&c., attested by Waramanhanck, Esparamogh, Anhock,

" All that tract of land situate, lying and being on the east side of Hudson's river, beginning on the north side of the land belonging to the Younckers kill, or Wepperhaem, at a great rock called by the Indians Sigghes,b and from thence ranging into the woods eastwardly to a creek called by the Indians Nepperha, and from thence along the said creek northerly till you come to the eastward of the head of a creek called by the Indians Weghqueghe, being the utmost bounds of the lands formerly bought of the Indians, &c.,&c., attested by Waramanhanck, Esparamogh, Anhock,

Maeintighro, Mightereameck, Sakissjenogh,

Aghwarowes.

The schedule of the goods, &c., &c., paid by the grantee.

4 guns, 6 pair of stockings, 2 ankers of rum,

4 fathom of wampum, 10 bars of lead, 4 shirts,

4 blankets, 3 kettles, 2 fathom of cloth,

6 fathom of duffils, 12 lbs. of powder, 1 adze,

1 drawing knife. « -

The last purchase made by PliiUpse in this town, (on the 5lh of June, 1684,) includes the land situated between the Saw Mill

and Bronx river, viz. : ■ - ■ ■■ ^ .

" All that tract or parcel of land, situate, lying, and being, to the eastward of the land of the said Frederick Philipse, between the creek called Neppiran, or the Younckers kill, and Bronck's river, beginning (on the north side) at the northerly bounds of the Younckers land, and from thence along the aforesaid

» Book of Pat. Alb. V. 57. , .

The last purchase made by PliiUpse in this town, (on the 5lh of June, 1684,) includes the land situated between the Saw Mill

and Bronx river, viz. : ■ - ■ ■■ ^ .

" All that tract or parcel of land, situate, lying, and being, to the eastward of the land of the said Frederick Philipse, between the creek called Neppiran, or the Younckers kill, and Bronck's river, beginning (on the north side) at the northerly bounds of the Younckers land, and from thence along the aforesaid

» Book of Pat. Alb. V. 57. , .

b See Yonckers ; also Philipsburgh Patent.

c Book of Pat. Alb. v. 64. This deed includes the southern part of Greenburgh, from the northern line of Yonkers to Dobb's Ferry.

Vol. I. 23

17S HISTORY OF THE

creek Neppiran, however it runs, till you come to the most northerly bounds of the said Frederick Philipse's land, and from thence north-east into the woods, to Bfoncks's river, and from thence along Broncks's river so far as it runs southerly to the eastward of the Younckers land aforesaid, and from thence with a westwardly line to the aforenamed Younckers kill or Neppiran, together with all the lands, &c., &c.

S3pham, Arradppanint,

Ghoharin, Kawanghis, an Indian squaw,

Kakinsjgh, Niepack,

Enhoak, Kewightakin,

Teatangc^m. A schedule or particular of goods, &c., paid to the grantors.

130 fathom of white wampum, 10 spoons,

12 guns, 2 knives,

14 fathom of duffils, 12 pair of stockings^

12 blankets, 15 hatches,

creek Neppiran, however it runs, till you come to the most northerly bounds of the said Frederick Philipse's land, and from thence north-east into the woods, to Bfoncks's river, and from thence along Broncks's river so far as it runs southerly to the eastward of the Younckers land aforesaid, and from thence with a westwardly line to the aforenamed Younckers kill or Neppiran, together with all the lands, &c., &c.

S3pham, Arradppanint,

Ghoharin, Kawanghis, an Indian squaw,

Kakinsjgh, Niepack,

Enhoak, Kewightakin,

Teatangc^m. A schedule or particular of goods, &c., paid to the grantors.

130 fathom of white wampum, 10 spoons,

12 guns, 2 knives,

14 fathom of duffils, 12 pair of stockings^

12 blankets, 15 hatches,

8 coats, 10 hoes,

6 kettles, 10 earthen jugs,

6 fathom of stroud water, 10 iron pots,

16 shirts, 4 1-2 valts of beere,

25 lbs. of powder, 2 ankers of rumme,

20 bars of lead, 2 rods of tobacco. »

The above sales covered the present township of Greenburgh, and subsequently formed a portion of Philipsburgh manor.

These lands remained in the Philipse family, until the attainder of Colonel Frederick Philipse, A. D. 1779, when they became vested by forfeiture in the people of this state. Under the commissioners they were parcelled out for small sums, to the Van Tassels, Van Warts, Odells, Lawrences, Posts, Archers, Harts, Ackers, Dyckmans and Requas, former tenants of the manor in pursuance of the aci of J 784. Many of their descendants still occupy the patrimonial estates in fee simple.

These lands remained in the Philipse family, until the attainder of Colonel Frederick Philipse, A. D. 1779, when they became vested by forfeiture in the people of this state. Under the commissioners they were parcelled out for small sums, to the Van Tassels, Van Warts, Odells, Lawrences, Posts, Archers, Harts, Ackers, Dyckmans and Requas, former tenants of the manor in pursuance of the aci of J 784. Many of their descendants still occupy the patrimonial estates in fee simple.

The earliest entry relating to town officers occurs in the old town and manor book, entitled " the town and manor of Philipsburgh for to keep the town redesstors, 1742."

The first Tuesday in April, is chosen Abraham Martlinghs for tlie clerk of the town and manor aforesaid, at the town meeting, for chnssen all other assessors in the town.

■^ Book of Pat. Alb. v. 79.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 179

In 1742j the first Tuesday in April is chosen four assessors for the manor of Philipsburgh, viz : Joseph Geddenie and Gerret van Wart, jun. For constable and collector is chosen Jocqheni van Wart. Pound master is Elbert Airsse. Frederick Philipse appears to have been supervisor in 1752. The first independent election held in 1778, is thus recorded. '' Being a memorandum of all the public officers appointed and chosen at a town meeting held as usual on the manor, the 7th day of April, 1778, and in the second year of our independency."

Joseph Paulding, -- Supervisor,

Joseph Requ a Wj -- ToionClerh '- • .'

For constable and collector is chosen Jocqheni van Wart. Pound master is Elbert Airsse. Frederick Philipse appears to have been supervisor in 1752. The first independent election held in 1778, is thus recorded. '' Being a memorandum of all the public officers appointed and chosen at a town meeting held as usual on the manor, the 7th day of April, 1778, and in the second year of our independency."

Joseph Paulding, -- Supervisor,

Joseph Requ a Wj -- ToionClerh '- • .'

Peter Bant, -- Cojistahle.

Jacob Van Wart, sen., > /--. ^,, - '

James Keqiiav/, }^Overseers of the poor. ,. ,

Gershara Sherwood, / . . ',

Tho:nas Buess, ' | ^^^ews. ,^ ; ;; • ; :

Within the township of Greenburgh are located several pleasant villages.

Hastings occupies a romantic situation on the east bank of the Hudson, at the mouth of a beautiful glen. The country rising above the margin of the river with great boldness, is luxuriantly ornamented with wood. A steep descent leads to the village landing and hotel, from which extensive views are obtained of the Hudson. The winding stream that buries itself in the adjoining ravine, supplies valuable water privileges for the chemical and button works of Mr. Sheckler, a brass factory, and the celebrated axle manufactory of Mr. Saunders.

The advantages presented by the river, combined with the healthfulness of the situation, has rendered Hastings a favorite resort for New York citizens during the summer season.

The site of the present village nearly covers the old Post estate, formerly owned by Peter Post, who occupied it during the

The winding stream that buries itself in the adjoining ravine, supplies valuable water privileges for the chemical and button works of Mr. Sheckler, a brass factory, and the celebrated axle manufactory of Mr. Saunders.

The advantages presented by the river, combined with the healthfulness of the situation, has rendered Hastings a favorite resort for New York citizens during the summer season.

The site of the present village nearly covers the old Post estate, formerly owned by Peter Post, who occupied it during the

180 HISTORY OF THE

revolutionary war. The house (a small stone edifice) is still standing. Immediately subsequent to tlie revolution, this buildins: was used as a tavern, and became celebrated as the rendez- A^ous of cock fighters, and hard drinkers. Since that period, it has been transformed into the present neat cottage.

On the east side of Edgar's Lane, (a continuation of the Albany Post Road.) stands the mansion of Anthony Constant, Esq., formerly the residence of William Edgar. It is a fine wooden edifice, surrounded by rich plantations of cedar, fir and locust trees, and commands delightful views of the river, and adjacent hills. Judge Constant is the son of Col. .loseph Constant, and grandson of the Rev. Silas Constant, of York Town. .

A. D. 177(3, a skirmish took place in Edgar's Lane between a body of Hessians, commanded by Lieut. Wurtz, and a troop of Sheldon's horse, under the following circumstances. Col. Sheldon having received information from his spies, that the enemy were prepaiing an incursion into this vicinity, left his quarters at New Castle, and led by Isaac Odell, a trusty guide, followed the by-roads to this place, where he ascertained from Peter Post, that the Hessians had not yet passed. Enjoining secrecy upon Post, the Colonel ambuscaded his horse in the adjoining cedars, which he had barely done, when the Hessians rode up, and demanded of Post, if he had seen the rebels.

Sheldon having received information from his spies, that the enemy were prepaiing an incursion into this vicinity, left his quarters at New Castle, and led by Isaac Odell, a trusty guide, followed the by-roads to this place, where he ascertained from Peter Post, that the Hessians had not yet passed. Enjoining secrecy upon Post, the Colonel ambuscaded his horse in the adjoining cedars, which he had barely done, when the Hessians rode up, and demanded of Post, if he had seen the rebels. The Hessians, deceived by his answer, were proceeding in full gallop through the lane, when a shrill whistle rang through the air, instantly followed by the impetuous charge of Sheldon's horse. Panic stricken, the enemy fled in every direction, but the fresh horses of the Americans carried their gallant riders wherever a wandering ray disclosed the steel cap, or the brilliant accoutrements of a Hessian. A bridle path leading from the place of ambush to the river was strewed with the dead and dying, while those who sought safety in the water were captured, cut to pieces or drowned. The conflict, so short and bloody, was decisive. One solitary horseman was seen galloping off in the direction of Yonkers, and he alone? wounded and unarmed, reached the camp of Col. Emmerick in safety. Here he related the particulars of the march, the sudden onset and retreat.

Astonished and maddened with rage, Emmerick started his

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 181

whole command in pursuit. Poor Post was stripped for his fidelity, and after having a sufficient number of blows inflicted upon his person, left for dead. The lane, half a mile in length, has been since used as a race course. The former residence of Van Burgh Livingston, Esq. is agreeably situated near the river, a short distance north of Hastings, The estate is at present owned by Mr.

Astonished and maddened with rage, Emmerick started his

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 181

whole command in pursuit. Poor Post was stripped for his fidelity, and after having a sufficient number of blows inflicted upon his person, left for dead. The lane, half a mile in length, has been since used as a race course. The former residence of Van Burgh Livingston, Esq. is agreeably situated near the river, a short distance north of Hastings, The estate is at present owned by Mr. Stephen Archer, who purchased it of Mr. Livingston.

The remains of the ancient military fort at Dobb's Ferry is situated a little south-west of the Livingston residence. The form of the embankment is somewhat in the shape of a horse shoe. From its elevated position, it overlooks the ferry beneath, and the magnificent scenery of the Hudson River. This fort appears to have been a post of great importance during the revolutionary war, for it not only commanded the passage of the river, but also the opposite ferry to Paramus, on the Jersey shore.

'• On the 19th of July, 17SI, (says Thatcher,) the British frigates tliat passed up the North River, a few days since, took advantage of wind and tide, to return to New York. A severe cannonade commenced from our battery, at Dobb's Ferry, where the river is about three miles wide. They were compelled literally to run the gauntlet. They returned the fire as they passed, but without effect. On board the Savage, ship of- war, a box of powder took fire, and such was their consternation, that twenty people jumped into the river, among whom was a prisoner on board, who informs us that he was the only man who got on sfiore, all the rest being drowned. He reports also, that the Savage was several times hulled by our shot, and was very near sinking.''^-

They returned the fire as they passed, but without effect. On board the Savage, ship of- war, a box of powder took fire, and such was their consternation, that twenty people jumped into the river, among whom was a prisoner on board, who informs us that he was the only man who got on sfiore, all the rest being drowned. He reports also, that the Savage was several times hulled by our shot, and was very near sinking.''^-

The remains of a second redoubt are still visible on the property of Frederick W. Paulding, Esq. The village of Dobb's Ferry, one mile north of Hastings, is prettily seated on the rising hills of Greenburgh, opposite the northern termination of ihe Palisades and the village of Tappan. This place derives its present name from the ancient family of the Dobbs, who have been long settled here, and also from the fact that they were the early ferrymen. In the year 1698, there was living in this vicinity Jan Dobs en zyn buys vrou (and his wife,) Abigail, both members of

» Thatcher's Military Journal, 259. See Heath's Mem. 76, 294.

1S2 HISTORY OF THE

the Dutch Church, Sleepy Hollow^ Thomas, their son, was born on the manor, A. D. 1712.

20th September, 1729, occurs a record in the church books at Sleepy Hollow, of a marriage between William Dobs, born in Philadelphia, and Lea van Waert, a native of the same place. They were perhaps Swedes, originally from the Delaware. Jeremiah Dobs, fora.er proprietor of the ferry, left issue by Jane le Vines, besides two daughters, two sons, Jeremiah and Peter. Several sons of the latter are still living in Greenburgh.

the Dutch Church, Sleepy Hollow^ Thomas, their son, was born on the manor, A. D. 1712.

20th September, 1729, occurs a record in the church books at Sleepy Hollow, of a marriage between William Dobs, born in Philadelphia, and Lea van Waert, a native of the same place. They were perhaps Swedes, originally from the Delaware. Jeremiah Dobs, fora.er proprietor of the ferry, left issue by Jane le Vines, besides two daughters, two sons, Jeremiah and Peter. Several sons of the latter are still living in Greenburgh.

The Indian name of this place, as already shown was, Weecqu£es-guck, literally ^^ the place of the hark kettle P The aboriginal settlement appears to have been located at the mouth of the Weghqueghe or Wicker's creek, (William Portuguese creek.) This beantiful stream arises from two distinct springs, situated on the lands of E. W. Wald grove and Frederick B. Wilsie, both of which, running nearly west, unite soon after crossing the Albany post road ; here, commingled, they flow through a rocky glen enclosed between high wooded banks. Passing under the arch of the Croton aqueduct, the waters again appear rushing over their stony bed until their further progress is checked by the mill dam. Here a pipe of nine hundred feet in length conveys the water lo the neighboring mill, affording a fall of thirty feet to an overshot wheel.

In the vicinity of the upper dock, the ravine opens and displays a splendid view of the Hudson River. The road, passing through the gap of the Greenburgh hills west of the Saw Mill Valley, follows the course of the ancient Indian path, which formerly led to the village of the ^^ Bark Kettle,^^ at the mouth of the Weghqueghe, or Wysquaqua Creek.

Here a pipe of nine hundred feet in length conveys the water lo the neighboring mill, affording a fall of thirty feet to an overshot wheel.

In the vicinity of the upper dock, the ravine opens and displays a splendid view of the Hudson River. The road, passing through the gap of the Greenburgh hills west of the Saw Mill Valley, follows the course of the ancient Indian path, which formerly led to the village of the ^^ Bark Kettle,^^ at the mouth of the Weghqueghe, or Wysquaqua Creek.

The lower landing and ferry are situated some distance south of the creek at the foot of a steep bank. Here is a neat hotel, kept by Mr. Shadrach Taylor, for the convenience of passengers by the ferry, and the daily steamboats that touch at this dock.

Dobb's Ferry was distinguished, during the Revolution, as the scene of active military operations. To this fort, October 9, 1776, General Hentli ordered Colonel Sargent, with 500 infantry, 40 light horsp, Capt. Horton, of the artillery, with two 12 pounders,

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 183

and Captain Crafts, with a howitzer, to watch the movements of the enemy up the river.^

To this place the British army retreated after tlie battle of White Plains, closely followed by reconnoitering parties of the Americans. On the 7th of November, 1776, the enemy commenced foraging for grain and hay, and driving in cattle.^

On the 29th of January, 1777, General Lincoln's division of the Continental army was ordered to Dobb's Ferry. <5

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 183

and Captain Crafts, with a howitzer, to watch the movements of the enemy up the river.^

To this place the British army retreated after tlie battle of White Plains, closely followed by reconnoitering parties of the Americans. On the 7th of November, 1776, the enemy commenced foraging for grain and hay, and driving in cattle.^

On the 29th of January, 1777, General Lincoln's division of the Continental army was ordered to Dobb's Ferry. <5

This ferry was selected by General Arnold and Major Andre as the place of their first meeting, *' Andre's letter to Sheldon, (observes Mr. Sparks, in his Life of Arnold,) when divested of its disguise, will be seen to have had no other object than to communicate the intelligence that he should be at Dobb's Ferry at a certain time. He presumed the letter would be sent to Arnold, who would understand its meaning, and conduct his plans accordingly. So it turned out. Arnold left home on the afternoon of the 10th, went down the river in his barge to King's Ferry, and passed the night at the house of Joshua H. Smith, who resided about two miles and a half from the Ferry, near the road leading to Haverstraw. Early the next morning he proceeded to Dobb's Ferry, at which place Andre had arrived, according to his appointment, accompanied by Colonel Beverly Robinson, to whom the secret had already been entrusted by Sir Henry Clinton, probably at the suggestion, or at least with the knowledge of Arnold. An accident occurred which prevented the interview, and was near putting an end to the plot itself. When Arnold was approaching the point of destination by water, he was fired upon by the British gun boats stationed in that part of the river, and so closely pursued that his life was in danger, and he was on the point of being taken prisoner.

Early the next morning he proceeded to Dobb's Ferry, at which place Andre had arrived, according to his appointment, accompanied by Colonel Beverly Robinson, to whom the secret had already been entrusted by Sir Henry Clinton, probably at the suggestion, or at least with the knowledge of Arnold. An accident occurred which prevented the interview, and was near putting an end to the plot itself. When Arnold was approaching the point of destination by water, he was fired upon by the British gun boats stationed in that part of the river, and so closely pursued that his life was in danger, and he was on the point of being taken prisoner. By some oversight the boats had not been withdrawn, or it may have been expected that Arnold would come with a flag, which appears not to have been the case.

"Having landed on the west side of the river, he went down to the Ferry, where he remained till night. Whether Andre and Robinson were at the landing place on the opposite side, or

a Heath. Mem. 69. b Ibid. 84. ^ Ibid. 113.

181 HISTORY OF THE

whether they came np from New York in a vessel and remained on board, has not been ascertained ; but, at any rate, no meeting took place.

" Not forgetting his accustomed caution, Arnold wrote a letter to General Washington while at Dobb's Ferry. His passage down the river had been in so public a manner, that it could not foil to be known and he feared suspicions might be raised concerning his motives and objects. Filling up the principal part of his letter with matters of some importance appertaining to his command, he said, as if accidentally, that he had come down to that place, in order to establish signals, which were to be observed in case the enemy ascended the river, and also to give additional directions respecting the guard-boats, and to have a beacon fixed on a hill, about five miles below King's Ferry, which would be necessary to alarm the country.

Filling up the principal part of his letter with matters of some importance appertaining to his command, he said, as if accidentally, that he had come down to that place, in order to establish signals, which were to be observed in case the enemy ascended the river, and also to give additional directions respecting the guard-boats, and to have a beacon fixed on a hill, about five miles below King's Ferry, which would be necessary to alarm the country. These reasons were plausible, and afforded apparent proofs of his vigilance, rather than grounds for suspecting any sinister design.

"Being foiled in this attempt to mature his scheme of treachery, he left Dobb's Ferry a little after sunset, went up the river in the night, and reached his quarters at Robinson's House before morning. Andre and Colonel Robinson returned to New York."a

When Arnold left Andre, (the day previous to his capture at Tarrytown,) after delivering the treasonable papers, "Andre (continues Mr. Sparks) supposed he was to be sent on board the Vulture, as will appear by the following extract, which he wrote after his capture. 'Arnold quitted me,' said he, 'having himself made me put the papers 1 bore between my stockings and feet. Whilst he did it, he expressed a wish, in case of any accident befalling me, that they should be destroyed ; which I said of course would be the case, as, when I went into the boat, I should have them tied about with a string and a stone. Before we parted, some mention had been made of my crossing the river, and going another route ; but I objected much against it,

Sparks) supposed he was to be sent on board the Vulture, as will appear by the following extract, which he wrote after his capture. 'Arnold quitted me,' said he, 'having himself made me put the papers 1 bore between my stockings and feet. Whilst he did it, he expressed a wish, in case of any accident befalling me, that they should be destroyed ; which I said of course would be the case, as, when I went into the boat, I should have them tied about with a string and a stone. Before we parted, some mention had been made of my crossing the river, and going another route ; but I objected much against it,

• Spark's Lile of Benedict Arnold, 180, 181, 182. An account of the second interview will be found in Cortlandtown.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 185

and thought it was settled, that in the way 1 came, I was to return.'

"Arnold left him, and went up the river to hcad-qnarters. Before he departed from Smiih's house, he urged Smith to go back with Andre to ihe Vulture as soon as it should be dark ; yet the matter seemsNo have been undecided, for he wrote and gave to Smith two passports, (dating them ' Head (Quarters,') one authorizing him to go by water, and the other by land.

" The former was in these words : * Joshua Smith has permission to pass with a boat and three hands, and a flag, to Dobb's Ferry, on public business, and to return immediately.' "a-

Before he departed from Smiih's house, he urged Smith to go back with Andre to ihe Vulture as soon as it should be dark ; yet the matter seemsNo have been undecided, for he wrote and gave to Smith two passports, (dating them ' Head (Quarters,') one authorizing him to go by water, and the other by land.

" The former was in these words : * Joshua Smith has permission to pass with a boat and three hands, and a flag, to Dobb's Ferry, on public business, and to return immediately.' "a-

After the trial of Andr6 at Tappan, and his letters and those of Washington, as well as the proceedings of the board of examination, had been received by Sir Henry Clinton, then in New York, it was resolved by Clinton and a board of general ofncers, "that a deputation of three persons should proceed to the nearest American out-post, furnished with evidence to prove Major Andre's innocence, and to impart information which Sir Henry Clinton thousjht would place the question in a different light from / that in which it had been viewed by the American board. The persons delegated on this mission were General Robertson, Andrew Elliot, and William Smith. They were accompanied by Beverly Robinson as a witness in the case, and were fortified in their estimation, but w^eakened in reality, by a long explanatory and threatening letter from Arnold to General Washington . The commissioners went up the river in the Greyhonnd schooner, with a flag of truce, on the first of October. Notice of the - intended visit and its objects had been already communicated by Sir Henry Clinton to Washington; and when the vessel an- \ , chored at Dobbs' Ferry, General Greene was there, having been deputed by Washington to hold the interview on his behalf.

They were accompanied by Beverly Robinson as a witness in the case, and were fortified in their estimation, but w^eakened in reality, by a long explanatory and threatening letter from Arnold to General Washington . The commissioners went up the river in the Greyhonnd schooner, with a flag of truce, on the first of October. Notice of the - intended visit and its objects had been already communicated by Sir Henry Clinton to Washington; and when the vessel an- \ , chored at Dobbs' Ferry, General Greene was there, having been deputed by Washington to hold the interview on his behalf. The person sent on shore by the British commissioners brought word back, that General Robertson only would be permitted to land, and that General Greene was then in readiness to receive him.

. _ • » Sparks' Life of Benedict Arnold, 209-10.

YoL. L ': .. . ./ 24

1S6 HISTORY OF THE

The conference was opened ly Robertson, who paid some compliments to the American general, and expressed the satisfaction he Iiad in treating with him, on nn occasion so interesting to the two armies 'and to humanily. Greene rephed, that it was liecessary for them to know at the out-set on what ground they stood : that he was not there in the character of an officer ; that he was allowed by General Washington to meet him as a private gentleman, but that the case of an acknowledged spy admitted of no discussion. Robertson said his design was to state facts, wljich he hoped would have their due weight, in whatever character he might be supposed to speak.

Greene rephed, that it was liecessary for them to know at the out-set on what ground they stood : that he was not there in the character of an officer ; that he was allowed by General Washington to meet him as a private gentleman, but that the case of an acknowledged spy admitted of no discussion. Robertson said his design was to state facts, wljich he hoped would have their due weight, in whatever character he might be supposed to speak.

He then entered largely into the subject, endeavoring to show, first, that Andre landed under the sanction of a flag ; secondly, that he acted wholly by the directions of Arnold; from both of which positions it was inferred, that he could not in any just sense of the word be regarded as a spy. The facts having all been examined by the board of oncers, and being well understood, this new statement of them made no change in Greene's opinion or impressions ; and when Arnold's testimony was introduced, he said the Americans would believe Andre in preference to Arnold. General Robertson said, that no military tribunal in Europe would decide the case of Andre to be that of a spy, and he proposed to refer the question to Count de Rochambeau and General Knyphausen. Other considerations w^ere urged by him, not so much in the way of argument as on the score of reciprocal benefits and humanity. He added that he should confide in General Greene's candor to represent in the fairest light to General "Washington the arguments he had used ; that he should stay on board all night, and hope in the morning to take back with him Major Andre, or an assurance of his safety. a

Other considerations w^ere urged by him, not so much in the way of argument as on the score of reciprocal benefits and humanity. He added that he should confide in General Greene's candor to represent in the fairest light to General "Washington the arguments he had used ; that he should stay on board all night, and hope in the morning to take back with him Major Andre, or an assurance of his safety. a

"The British commissioners waited till morning, as General Robertson liad proposed, and at an early hour they received a note from General Greene, stating that he had communicated to Washington the subject of the conference, but that it had pro-

Sparks' Life of Arnold, p. 71, 2, 3.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 187

duced no change in liis opinion and determination. This intelh"gence was astoundin:^ to Robertson ; for he had written to Sir Henry Clinton the evening before, that he was p^rsna'Jed Andre would not be harmed. How he got this impression is not easilydiscovered, since he represented General Greene as obstinately bent on considerin": Andre as a spy, and resisting all his arguments to the contrary.

Nothing more could be done by the commissioners. That no msasure might be left untried however, General Robertson"* addressed the following letter to General Washington, dated

Greyhound Schooner, Flag of Trace,

Dobbs' Ferry, Oct. 2, 1780.

Sir : -- A note I liil fro:Ti General Greene leaves me in doubt if his memory had served him to relate to you, with exactness, the substance of the conversation that had passed betvvnen him and myself on the subject of Major Andre. In an affair of so much consequence to my friend, to the two armies, and humanity, I would leave no possibility of a misunderstanding, and therefore take the liberty to put in writing the substance of what I said to General Greene.

Sir : -- A note I liil fro:Ti General Greene leaves me in doubt if his memory had served him to relate to you, with exactness, the substance of the conversation that had passed betvvnen him and myself on the subject of Major Andre. In an affair of so much consequence to my friend, to the two armies, and humanity, I would leave no possibility of a misunderstanding, and therefore take the liberty to put in writing the substance of what I said to General Greene. I offered to prove by the evidence of Colonel Robinson and the officers of the Vulture, that Major Andre went on shore at General Arnold's desire, in a boat sent for him with a flag of truce ; that he not only came ashore with the knowledge and under the protection of the General who commanded in the district, but that he took no step while on shore, but by the direction of General Arnold, as will appear by the enclosed letter from him to your Excellency. Under these circumstances I could not, and hoped you would not, consider Major Andre as a spy, for any improper phrase in his letter to you.

The facts he relates correspond with evidence I offer, but he admits a conclusion which does not follow. The change of clothes and name was ordered by General Arnold, under whose direction he necessarily was while within his command.

As General Greene and I did not agree in opinion, I wished that distinguished gentlemen of knowledge of the law of war and nations, might be asked their opinion on the subject, and mentioned Monsieur Knyphausen and General Rochambeau I related that a Captain Robinson had been delivered to Sir Henry Clinton as a spy, and undoubtedly was such ; but that it being signified to him that you were desirous that the man should be exchanged, he had ordered him to be exchanged.

As General Greene and I did not agree in opinion, I wished that distinguished gentlemen of knowledge of the law of war and nations, might be asked their opinion on the subject, and mentioned Monsieur Knyphausen and General Rochambeau I related that a Captain Robinson had been delivered to Sir Henry Clinton as a spy, and undoubtedly was such ; but that it being signified to him that you were desirous that the man should be exchanged, he had ordered him to be exchanged.

I wished that an intercourse of such civilities as the rules of war admit of might take off many of its horrors. I admitted that Major Andre had a great

* Sparks' Life of Arnold, p. 275, 6,

1S8 HISTORY OF THE

share of Sir Henry Clinton's esteem and that he would be infinitely obliged by his liberation : and that if he was pernnitled to return with me, I would engage to have any person you would be pleased to name set at liberty.

I added that Sir Henry Clinton had never put to death any person for a breach of the rules of war, though he had, and now has, many in his power ; under the present circumstances much good may arise from humanity, much ill from the want of it, if that could give any weight. I beg leave to add that your favorable treatment of IMajor Andr^, will be a favor I shall ever be intent to return to any you hold dear.

I added that Sir Henry Clinton had never put to death any person for a breach of the rules of war, though he had, and now has, many in his power ; under the present circumstances much good may arise from humanity, much ill from the want of it, if that could give any weight. I beg leave to add that your favorable treatment of IMajor Andr^, will be a favor I shall ever be intent to return to any you hold dear.

My memory does not retain with the exactness I could wish, the words of the letter which General Greene showed me from Major Andre to your Excellency. For Sir Henry Clinton's satisfaction I beg you will order a copy of It to be sent to me at N. Y.

I have the honor to be your Excellency's

Most obedient and humble Servant,

James Robertson.

" This letter could have produced no effect, even if it had not arrived too late ; for it touched upon no points which had not already been examined and decided. The commissioners returned to New York. "a

Andre was executed at 12 o'clock the same day.

"On the night of the 3cl of August, 1781, about 11 o'clock, the British and American guard boats met in the river near Dobb's Ferry, when a considerable firing ensued ; the Americans had one man badly wounded, who died soon after. The damage sustained by the enemy was not known." 7lh August, 1781, in the morning, about two o'clock, the American army was awakened by the firing of cannon at Dobb's Ferry. It appeared that two of the enemy's gun boats had come up as high as the ferry, probably to endeavor to seize some vessels or boats. On finding ihey were discovered, they fired four cannon, but to no effect.

"On the night of the 3cl of August, 1781, about 11 o'clock, the British and American guard boats met in the river near Dobb's Ferry, when a considerable firing ensued ; the Americans had one man badly wounded, who died soon after. The damage sustained by the enemy was not known." 7lh August, 1781, in the morning, about two o'clock, the American army was awakened by the firing of cannon at Dobb's Ferry. It appeared that two of the enemy's gun boats had come up as high as the ferry, probably to endeavor to seize some vessels or boats. On finding ihey were discovered, they fired four cannon, but to no effect. Four cannon were discharged at the boats from the battery, on which they went down the river.^

Beides the two redoubts, there must have been a military block house erected here ; for, on the 17th March, 1781, we find Major Graham ordered out with a detachment of 150 men for its

Sparks' life of Arnold, Q76. t> Heath's Mem. 295.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 189

relief, on which occasion, the garrison on both shores were doubled.*

Upon the suspension of hostilities, May 3, 1783, General Washington, His Excellency Governor Clinton, and General Sir Guy Tarleton, (the British commander,) and their respective suites, met here. The two former came down the river in barges ; the latter ascended the river in a frigate. Four companies of light infantry performed the duty of guards on this memorable occasion. b

Near the junction of the Albany Post, and Saw Mill river road, is situated the Presbyterian C.iurch, sometimes called by way of distinction, the lower Greenburgh Church. This society was organized on the 11th of April, 1825. Present at its first meeting of the clergy, the Rev. Samuel Robertson, Rev. Mr.

The two former came down the river in barges ; the latter ascended the river in a frigate. Four companies of light infantry performed the duty of guards on this memorable occasion. b

Near the junction of the Albany Post, and Saw Mill river road, is situated the Presbyterian C.iurch, sometimes called by way of distinction, the lower Greenburgh Church. This society was organized on the 11th of April, 1825. Present at its first meeting of the clergy, the Rev. Samuel Robertson, Rev. Mr. Weeks, and the Rev. Mr. Wells, of New Rochelle. Of the members, Perez Jones, Peter Nodine, James Odell, Elizabeth Lefurge, Van Burgh Livingston, and Harriett Livingston.

The present edifice was erected, A. D. 1827. Principal contributor, Van Burgli Livingston, elder of the church. LIST OF CLERGY AND SUPPLIES. Install or call. Ministers. vacated by

1825 Rev. Chester Long, -, resig.

1831 Rev. David Remington, ~' ; do

1832 Rev. Mark Mead, ■. do

1834 Rev. Hosea Ball, . do 1838 Rev. George Walker, do 1841 Rev. Samuel Kellogg, present Pastor.

Elders. Deacon.

1825, Perez Jones, ■ - ' 1825, James Odell.

Van Burgh Livingston. / -- ' ' " -

Church Notes.

1835 Total number of communicants, 37, bapt., 7 1846 do 67 do 6

First delegate to Presbytery, Van Burgh Livingston, Esq.

a Heath's Mem. 277.

b "The tour of duty having fallen to our regiment, we marched from Nelson's point, on the 24th, crossed the river at King's Ferry, and on the 25th, encamped near the block house at this place." August 5th ; " flags are passing and repassing from this post to New York and back, every day." Thatcher's Mil. Journal, 310.

1835 Total number of communicants, 37, bapt., 7 1846 do 67 do 6

First delegate to Presbytery, Van Burgh Livingston, Esq.

a Heath's Mem. 277.

b "The tour of duty having fallen to our regiment, we marched from Nelson's point, on the 24th, crossed the river at King's Ferry, and on the 25th, encamped near the block house at this place." August 5th ; " flags are passing and repassing from this post to New York and back, every day." Thatcher's Mil. Journal, 310.

190 HISTORY OF THE

Previous to the year 1843, this church was connected with the Upper Greenburgh and White Plains churches. The burial ground on the east side of the church, contains monuments to the Browns, Ackers, Lockwoods, Lefurges, Wilsies, Dyckmans, and Storms,

Zion Church stands upon the highest ground in the village near the Albany post road.

The wonderfully extensive views which this elevated spot commands on every side, are better seen than described.

The building which is constructed of stone, is in the Gothic style.

The ground whicli it occupies, was the gift of Van Burgh Livingston, Esq. Its erection took place A. D. 1833, during the incumbency of the late Alexander Crosby, A, M., at that time Rector of the parish.

This gentleman was succeeded by the Rev. William Creighton, D. D. The present incumbent is the Rev. W. G. Higher.

There are two or three interments in the grave yard surrounding this cluirch, of members belonging to the Noble, Bowdoin and Irving families.

The ground whicli it occupies, was the gift of Van Burgh Livingston, Esq. Its erection took place A. D. 1833, during the incumbency of the late Alexander Crosby, A, M., at that time Rector of the parish.

This gentleman was succeeded by the Rev. William Creighton, D. D. The present incumbent is the Rev. W. G. Higher.

There are two or three interments in the grave yard surrounding this cluirch, of members belonging to the Noble, Bowdoin and Irving families.

Immediitely in the vicinity of Dobb's Ferry, and contiguous to the river, is the residence and estate of James Hamilton, Esq., son of the Hon. Alexander H imilton. This place formerly belonged to the OJell family. Jonathan Odell, father of the distinguished Colonel John OJell, was residing here in the autumn of 1776, v/hen the British army, after retiring from White Plains, encamped in the neighborhood.

The enemy, upon their final retreat to New York, arrested Mr. OJell and four of his neighbors, as prisoners of war. On their arrival in the city, they were consigned to the provost. Here four of them died of poison, said to have been administered in their food. Jonathan Odell escaped through the kindness of a friend, who daily brought him provisions. Each of the sufferers had sons in the continental army, which was the cause of this inhuman treatment.

Bordering the river in the same vicinity, is the cottage of George Schuyler, E. q.

About two miles south of Tarry town, a winding lane leads to

On their arrival in the city, they were consigned to the provost. Here four of them died of poison, said to have been administered in their food. Jonathan Odell escaped through the kindness of a friend, who daily brought him provisions. Each of the sufferers had sons in the continental army, which was the cause of this inhuman treatment.

Bordering the river in the same vicinity, is the cottage of George Schuyler, E. q.

About two miles south of Tarry town, a winding lane leads to

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 191

Sunny Side, the residence of the Hon. Washington Irving. '' There is scarcely (observes Mr. Downing,) a building or place more replete with interest in America than the cottage of Washington Irving, near Tarrytown. The legend of Sleepy Hollow, so delightfully told in the sketch book, has made every one acquainted with his neighborhood, and especially with the site of the present building there celebrated as the ' Van Tassel House,' one of the most secluded and delightful nooks on the banks of the Hudson. With characteristic taste, Mr. Irving has chosen this spot, the haunt of his early days, since rendered classic ground by his elegant pen, and made it his })erraanent residence. The house of 'Baltns Van Tassel' has been altered and rebuilt in a quaint style, partaking somewhat of the English cottage mode, but retaining strongly marked symptoms of its Dutch origin. The quaint old weathercocks and finials, the crowstepped gables and the hall paved with Dutch tiles, are among the ancient and venerable ornaments of the houses of the original settlers of Manhattan, now almost extinct among us. There is also a quaint keeping in the cottage, and grounds around it, that assists in making up the chain of the whole ; the gently swelling slope reaching down to the water's edge, bordered by prettily wooded ravines, through which a brook meanders pleasantly, and threaded by foot paths, ingeniously contrived, so as sometimes to afford secluded walks, and at others to allow fine vistas of the broad expanse of river scenery.''^.

The quaint old weathercocks and finials, the crowstepped gables and the hall paved with Dutch tiles, are among the ancient and venerable ornaments of the houses of the original settlers of Manhattan, now almost extinct among us. There is also a quaint keeping in the cottage, and grounds around it, that assists in making up the chain of the whole ; the gently swelling slope reaching down to the water's edge, bordered by prettily wooded ravines, through which a brook meanders pleasantly, and threaded by foot paths, ingeniously contrived, so as sometimes to afford secluded walks, and at others to allow fine vistas of the broad expanse of river scenery.''^.

Over tlie porch, is the following inscription : .. ' ... ■

M,nm 1650. ^ ^. ,;. . .- •• .': .^

Unno 1835.

' Geo. Harvey, ' , Architect.

» Downing's Rural Architecture, 335.

Above the peaked turret of the portal, pttters a horse in full gallop, once the weathercock of the great Van der Hydeii palace at Albany ; the other upon the eastern gable formerly surmounted the Stadt House of New Amsterdam.

The interior is in perfect harmony with the exterior design of this quaint and venerable edifice. In the. library are preserved the elbow chair and writing desk of Diedrich Knickerbocker.

?unny Side, the residence of the Eon. Washington Irving.

" Van Tassel House" occupies the site of " Wolfert's Roost," which was built by Wolfert Ecker, an ancient Dutch burgher of this town.

In 1697, we find recorded the name of Jan Ecker, first accepted deacon of the Dutch Church, Sleepy Hollow, which office he appears to have held for several years. By his wife, Magdalentje Jan Ecker, left issue Wolfert, Cornelis and others.

In the. library are preserved the elbow chair and writing desk of Diedrich Knickerbocker.

?unny Side, the residence of the Eon. Washington Irving.

" Van Tassel House" occupies the site of " Wolfert's Roost," which was built by Wolfert Ecker, an ancient Dutch burgher of this town.

In 1697, we find recorded the name of Jan Ecker, first accepted deacon of the Dutch Church, Sleepy Hollow, which office he appears to have held for several years. By his wife, Magdalentje Jan Ecker, left issue Wolfert, Cornelis and others.

The will of Wolfert Ecker bears date 1753, " wherein he bequeaths to his son, Stephen, a cow, or the worth thereof, more than the others, for his birth right, and to the child of his grandson, Wolfert Ecker, son of Sybout, twenty shillings, beside other bequests to the remainder of his children, viz. Sybout, Abram and Mareijc."a A branch of this ftimily still resides in the neigh-

Rec. Surrogate's Office, N. Y. lib. .\ix. 29-

COUNTY QF WESTCHESTER. 193

boihood. From the Eckers, tliis property passed by marriage lo the gallant family of the Van Tassels, who figure so coiispiciionsly in the writings of Died rich Knickerbocker.

During the stormy period of the revolution, it belonged to "Jacob Van Tassel, or Van Texel, as the name was originally spell, after the place in Holland, which gave birth to this heroic line." The following graphic sketch of the exploits of this redoubtable hero, is taken from the chronicle of the Roost :.

From the Eckers, tliis property passed by marriage lo the gallant family of the Van Tassels, who figure so coiispiciionsly in the writings of Died rich Knickerbocker.

During the stormy period of the revolution, it belonged to "Jacob Van Tassel, or Van Texel, as the name was originally spell, after the place in Holland, which gave birth to this heroic line." The following graphic sketch of the exploits of this redoubtable hero, is taken from the chronicle of the Roost :.

" The situation of the Roost is in the very heart of what M-as the debateable ground between the American and British lines, during the war. The British held possession of the city of New York, and the island of Manhattan, on which it stands. The Americans drew up towards the highlands, holding their head-quarters at Peekskill. The intervening country, from Croton River to Spiting Devil Creek, was the debateable land, subject to be harried by friend and foe, like the Scottish borders of yore. It is a rugged country, with a line of rocky hills extending through it like a back bone, sending ribs on either side ; but among these rude hills are beautiful winding valleys, like those watered by the Pocantico and the Neperan. In the fastnesses of these hills, and along these valleys, exist a race of hard-headed, hard-handed, s^.out-hearted Dutchmen, descended of the primitive Nederlanders. Most of these were strong whigs throughout the war, and have ever remained obstinately attached to the soil, and neither to be fought nor bought out of their paternal acres. Others were tories, and adherents to the old kingly rule ; some of whom took refuge within the British lines, joined the royal bands of refugees, a name odious to the American ear, and occasionally returned to harrass their ancient neighbors.

In the fastnesses of these hills, and along these valleys, exist a race of hard-headed, hard-handed, s^.out-hearted Dutchmen, descended of the primitive Nederlanders. Most of these were strong whigs throughout the war, and have ever remained obstinately attached to the soil, and neither to be fought nor bought out of their paternal acres. Others were tories, and adherents to the old kingly rule ; some of whom took refuge within the British lines, joined the royal bands of refugees, a name odious to the American ear, and occasionally returned to harrass their ancient neighbors.

" In a little while, this debateable land was overrun by predatory bands from either side ; sacking hen-roosts, plundering farm houses, and driving off cattle. Hence arose those two great orders of border chivalry, the Skinners and the Cow Boys, famous in the heroic annals of Westchester county. The former fought, or rather marauded, under the American, the latter under the British banner ; but both, in the hurry of their military ardor, were apt to err on the safe side, and rob friend as well as foe. Neither of them stopped to ask the politics of horse or cow, which they drove into captivity ; nor, when they wrung the neck of a rooster, did they trouble their heads to ascertain whether he were crowing for Congress or King George.

" While this marauding system prevailed on shore, the Great Tappan Sea, which washes this belligerent region, was domineered over by British frigates, and other vessels of war, anchored here and there, to keep an eye upon the river, and maintain a communication between the various military posts. Stout galleys, also armed with eighteen pounders, and navigated with sails and oars, cruised about like havvkSj readv to pounce upon their prey.

Neither of them stopped to ask the politics of horse or cow, which they drove into captivity ; nor, when they wrung the neck of a rooster, did they trouble their heads to ascertain whether he were crowing for Congress or King George.

" While this marauding system prevailed on shore, the Great Tappan Sea, which washes this belligerent region, was domineered over by British frigates, and other vessels of war, anchored here and there, to keep an eye upon the river, and maintain a communication between the various military posts. Stout galleys, also armed with eighteen pounders, and navigated with sails and oars, cruised about like havvkSj readv to pounce upon their prey.

Vol. I. 25

194 HISTORY OF THE

" All these were eyed with bitter hostility by the Dutch yeomanry along shore, who were indignant at seeing their great Mediterranean ploughed by hostile prows ; and would occasionally throw up a mud breast work on a point or promontory, mount an old iron field-piece, and fire away at the enemy, though the greatest harm was apt to happen to themselves, from the bursting of their ordnance ; nay, there was scarce a Dutchman along the river, that would hesitate to fire with his long duck gun at any British cruiser that came within his reach, as he had been accustomed to fire at water fowl.

I have been thus particular in my account of the times and neighborhood, that the reader might ihe more readily comprehend the surrounding dangers m this, the heroic age of the Roost.

" All these were eyed with bitter hostility by the Dutch yeomanry along shore, who were indignant at seeing their great Mediterranean ploughed by hostile prows ; and would occasionally throw up a mud breast work on a point or promontory, mount an old iron field-piece, and fire away at the enemy, though the greatest harm was apt to happen to themselves, from the bursting of their ordnance ; nay, there was scarce a Dutchman along the river, that would hesitate to fire with his long duck gun at any British cruiser that came within his reach, as he had been accustomed to fire at water fowl.

I have been thus particular in my account of the times and neighborhood, that the reader might ihe more readily comprehend the surrounding dangers m this, the heroic age of the Roost.

It was commanded at the time, as 1 have already observed, by the stout Jacob van Tassel. As I wish to be extremely accurate in this part of my chronicle, I beg that this Jacob van Tassel, of the Roost, may not be confounded with another Jacob van Tassel, commonly known in border story by the name of "clump-fooled Jack." a noted tory, and one of the refugee band of Spiting Devil. On the contrary, he of the Roost was a patriot of the first water, and, if we may take his own word for granted, a thorn in the side of the enemy. As the Roost, from its lonely situation on the water's edge, might be liable to i^ttack, he took measures for defence. On a row of hooks above his fire-place reposed his great piece of ordnance, ready charged and primed for action. This was a duck, or rather goose-gun, of unparallelled longitude, with which it was said he could kill a wild goose, though half way across the Tappan Sea. a Indeed, there are as many wonders told of this renowned gun as of the enchanted weapons of the heroes of classic story.

As the Roost, from its lonely situation on the water's edge, might be liable to i^ttack, he took measures for defence. On a row of hooks above his fire-place reposed his great piece of ordnance, ready charged and primed for action. This was a duck, or rather goose-gun, of unparallelled longitude, with which it was said he could kill a wild goose, though half way across the Tappan Sea. a Indeed, there are as many wonders told of this renowned gun as of the enchanted weapons of the heroes of classic story.

In different parts of the stone walls of his m-ansion he had made loop-holes, through which he might fire upon an assailant. His wife vias stout-hearted as himself, and could load as fast as he could fire ; and then he had an ancient and redoubtable sister, Nochie van Wurmer, a match, as he said, for the stoutest man in the country. Thus garrisoned, the liltle Roost was fit to stand a siege, and Jacob van Tassel was the man to defend it to the last charge of powder.

He was, as I have already hinted, of pugnacious propensities, and, not content with being a patriot at home, and fighting for the security of his own fireside, he extended his thoughts abroad, and entered into a confederacy with certain of the bold, hard-riding lads of Tarrytown, Petticoat Lane and Sleepy Hollow, who formed a kind of holy brotherhood, scouring the country to clear it of skinners and cow-boys, and all other border vermin. The Roost was one of their rallying points. Did a band of marauders from Manhattan island come

He was, as I have already hinted, of pugnacious propensities, and, not content with being a patriot at home, and fighting for the security of his own fireside, he extended his thoughts abroad, and entered into a confederacy with certain of the bold, hard-riding lads of Tarrytown, Petticoat Lane and Sleepy Hollow, who formed a kind of holy brotherhood, scouring the country to clear it of skinners and cow-boys, and all other border vermin. The Roost was one of their rallying points. Did a band of marauders from Manhattan island come

a The goose gun is still in existence, having been preserved for many years in a hollow tree. It is now in the possession of Mr. Caleb Brush, of Grove street, New York, who married the celebrated heroine, Laney van Tassel.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. ' 195

sweeping through the neighborhood, and driving off cattle, the stout Jacob and his compeers were soon clattering at their heels ; and fortunate did the rogues esteem themselves if they could but get a part of their booty across the lines, or escape themselves, without a rough handling. Should the moss troopers succeed in passing wiih their cavalfrada, with thundering tramp and dusty whirlwind, across King's Bridge, the holy brotherhood of the Roost would rein up at that perilous pass, and, wheeling about, would indemnify themselves by foraging the refugee region of Morrisania.

When at home at the Roost, the stout Jacob was not idle ; he was prone to carry on a petty warfare of his own, for his private recreation and refreshment. Did he ever chance to espy, from his look-out place, a hostile ship or galley anchored or becalmed near shore, he would take down his long goosegun from the hooks over the fire-place, sally out alone, and lurk along shore, dodging behind rocks and trees, and watching, for hours together, like a veteran mouser intent on a rat hole.

When at home at the Roost, the stout Jacob was not idle ; he was prone to carry on a petty warfare of his own, for his private recreation and refreshment. Did he ever chance to espy, from his look-out place, a hostile ship or galley anchored or becalmed near shore, he would take down his long goosegun from the hooks over the fire-place, sally out alone, and lurk along shore, dodging behind rocks and trees, and watching, for hours together, like a veteran mouser intent on a rat hole. So sure as a boat put off for shore, and came within shot, bang went the great goose-gun, a shower of slugs and buckshot whistled about the ears of the enemy, and, before the boat could reach the shore Jacob had scuttled up some woody ravine, and left no trace behind.

About this time the Roost experienced a vast accession of warlike importance in being made one of the stations of the water-guard.

This was a kind of aquatic corps of observation, composed of long, sharp canoe-shaped boats, technically called whale boats, that lay lightly on the vi^ater, and could be rowed with great rapidity. They were manned by resolute fellows, skilled at pulling ari oar or handling a musket. These lurked about in nooks and bays, and behind those long promontories which run out info the Tappan Sea, keeping a look-out, to give notice of the approach or movements of hostile ships. They roved about in pairs, sometimes at night, with muffled oars, gliding like spectres about frigates and guard-ships riding at anchor, cutting off any boats that made for shore, and keeping the enemy in constant uneasiness. These musqaito cruisers generally kept aloof by day, so that their harboring places might not be discovered, but would pull quietly along, under shadow of the shore, at night, to take up their quarters at the Roost.

These lurked about in nooks and bays, and behind those long promontories which run out info the Tappan Sea, keeping a look-out, to give notice of the approach or movements of hostile ships. They roved about in pairs, sometimes at night, with muffled oars, gliding like spectres about frigates and guard-ships riding at anchor, cutting off any boats that made for shore, and keeping the enemy in constant uneasiness. These musqaito cruisers generally kept aloof by day, so that their harboring places might not be discovered, but would pull quietly along, under shadow of the shore, at night, to take up their quarters at the Roost. Hither, at such time, would also repair the hard-riding lads of the hills, to hold secret councils of war with the " ocean chivalry ;" and in these nocturnal meetings were concerted many of those daring forays, by land and water, that resounded throughout the border.

The chronicle here goes on to recount divers wonderful stories of the wars of the Roost, from which it would seem that this little warrior nest carried the terror of its arms into every sea from Spiting Devil Creek to St. Anthony's Nose ; th.at it even bearded the stout island of Manhattan, invading it at night, penetrating to its centre, and burning down the famous De Lancey house, the conflagrati(m of which makes such a blaze in revolutionary history. Nay, more ; in their extravagant daring, these cocks of the Roost meditated a nocturnal descent upon New York itself, to swoop upon the British commanders,

The chronicle here goes on to recount divers wonderful stories of the wars of the Roost, from which it would seem that this little warrior nest carried the terror of its arms into every sea from Spiting Devil Creek to St. Anthony's Nose ; th.at it even bearded the stout island of Manhattan, invading it at night, penetrating to its centre, and burning down the famous De Lancey house, the conflagrati(m of which makes such a blaze in revolutionary history. Nay, more ; in their extravagant daring, these cocks of the Roost meditated a nocturnal descent upon New York itself, to swoop upon the British commanders,

196 HISTORY OF THE

Howe and Clinton, by surprise, bear them off captive, and perhaps put a triumphant close to the war.

Tills doughty Dutchman (continues the sage Diedrich Knickerbocker) was not content with taking a share in all the magnanimous enterprises concocted at the Roost, but still continued his petty warfare along shore. x\ series of exploits at length raised his confidence in his prowess to such a height, that he began to think himself and his goose-gun a match for anything. Unluckily, in the course of one of his prowlings, he descried a British transport aground, not far from shore, with her stern swung toward the land, within point blank shot. The temptation was too great to be resisted ; bang ! as usual, went the great goose- gun, shivering the cabin windows, and driving all hands forward. Bang I bang ! the shots were repeated The reports brought several sharpshooters of the neighborhood to the spot : before the transport could bring a gun to bear, or land a boat, to take revenge, she was soundly peppered, and the coast evacuated. She was the last of Jacob's triumphs. He fared like some heroic spider that has unwittingly ensnared a hornet, to his immortal glory perhaps, but to the utter ruin of his web.

Bang I bang ! the shots were repeated The reports brought several sharpshooters of the neighborhood to the spot : before the transport could bring a gun to bear, or land a boat, to take revenge, she was soundly peppered, and the coast evacuated. She was the last of Jacob's triumphs. He fared like some heroic spider that has unwittingly ensnared a hornet, to his immortal glory perhaps, but to the utter ruin of his web.

It was not long after this, during the absence of Jacob van Tassel on one of his forays, and when no one was in garrison but his stout hearted spouse, his redoubtable sister Nochie van Wurmer, and a strapping negro wench called Dinah, that an armed vessel came to anchor off the Roost, and a boat full of men pulled to shore. The garrison flew to arms -- that is to say, to mops, broomsticks, shovels, tongs, and all kinds of domestic weapons, for, unluckily, the great piece of ordnance, the goose-gun, was absent with its owner. Above all, a vigorous defence was made with that most potent of female weapons, the tongue. Never did invaded hen roost make a more vociferous outcry. It was all in vain. The house was sacked and plundered, fire was set to each corner, and in a few moments its blaze shed a baleful light far over the Tappan Sea. The invaders then pounced upon the blooming Laney van Tassel, the beauty of the Roost, and endeavored to bear her off to the boat. But here was the real tug of the war. The mother, the aunt, and the strapping negro wench, all flew to the rescue. The struggle continued down to the very water's edge, when a voice from the armed vessel at anchor ordered the spoilers to let go their hold.

The house was sacked and plundered, fire was set to each corner, and in a few moments its blaze shed a baleful light far over the Tappan Sea. The invaders then pounced upon the blooming Laney van Tassel, the beauty of the Roost, and endeavored to bear her off to the boat. But here was the real tug of the war. The mother, the aunt, and the strapping negro wench, all flew to the rescue. The struggle continued down to the very water's edge, when a voice from the armed vessel at anchor ordered the spoilers to let go their hold. They relinquished the prize, jumped into their boats, and pulled off, and the heroine of the Roost escaped with a mere rumpling of the feathers."

"Shortly after the catastrophe of the Roost, Jacob van Tassel, in the course of one of his forays, fell into the hands of the British, was sent prisoner to New York, and was detained in captivity for the greater part of the war.''^

Immediately north of Van Tassel house is the residence of

^ Knickerbocker Magazine.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 197

Philip R. Pciulding, Esq. delightfully seated on a bold bank of the Hudson ; it commands from its elevated position, the noblest prospects of the river, while the view to the east is terminated by the lofty hills of Greenburgh. The edifice is constructed of Sing Sing marble, after the designs of Alex. J. Davis, Esq, In its details, both externally and internally, the most minute attention has been paid to a careful correspondence with the best examples of the Tudor era. Among the most remarkable features of the building, deserves to be noticed, the admirable porte cochere, or covered entrance for carriages, and a superb library ornamented wiih a lofty ceiling of carved timber.

The edifice is constructed of Sing Sing marble, after the designs of Alex. J. Davis, Esq, In its details, both externally and internally, the most minute attention has been paid to a careful correspondence with the best examples of the Tudor era. Among the most remarkable features of the building, deserves to be noticed, the admirable porte cochere, or covered entrance for carriages, and a superb library ornamented wiih a lofty ceiling of carved timber.

The Paulding family have long been residents of this town. As early as 1712, we find Joost Pauldinck accepted deacon of the Dutch Church. The name of Joost Pauldinck occurs in a conveyance from William Odell of Rye, A. D. 1667.

In 17U9 Joost Pauldinck appe;;rs to have been residing at Westchester. The father of the present proprietor is William Paulding, Esq. mayor of the city of New York in 1827. The patriot John Paulding who captured the British spy Major Andre was of this family.

The next object worthy of notice is the elegant and secluded villa of Henry Sheldon, Esq. This building is in the rural Gothic style and presents a very beautiful and picturesque exterior, combined with every accommodation and convenience of internal arrangement. No pains have been spared in laying out the adjoining grounds and plantations. A small stream running through a deep and woody glen has been obstructed in various places by rock work, and thus forms several artificial cascades. Some close walks, winding by the stream, conduct to a large fall situated at the glen's mouth. The scenery about the fall is extremely fine, embracing a lovely view of the Hudson river. The old Van Weert mill has been transformed into a Swiss cottage and boat house. The Van Weert family were the first occupants of this estate under the Philipses, and subsequently became its possessors in fee.

A small stream running through a deep and woody glen has been obstructed in various places by rock work, and thus forms several artificial cascades. Some close walks, winding by the stream, conduct to a large fall situated at the glen's mouth. The scenery about the fall is extremely fine, embracing a lovely view of the Hudson river. The old Van Weert mill has been transformed into a Swiss cottage and boat house. The Van Weert family were the first occupants of this estate under the Philipses, and subsequently became its possessors in fee. In 1698 there appears to have been three married brothers of this ancient family living in Philipsburgh, who claimed descent from the illustrious house of Van Weert in Holland, viz. Joacham van Weert and Christyntje his wife, Gerredit van Weert and Cathalyna his wife, Jacob vaa

198 HISTORY OF THE

Weert and Bieltitje his wife. Gerredit van Weert left issue, Jan van Weert, father of Isaac, who sold this property to- Mr. Sheldon.

The village of Tarry town is pleasantly situated in the lap of the Greenbnrgh hills, overlooking the Hudson at the widest point of the Tappan Zee, which is here nearly three miles across.

Tarwe town, the old orthography of ihe Dutch word tarwe, (wheat) " the wheat town," probably so called from the abundant culture of that grain in tfiis vicinity.

Here was an Indian village in 1659, ^ styled by the aborigines Alipconck, that is the place of elms. It seems more than probable that this ancient settlement occupied a hill at (he sQuth end of the present village. This opinion is son^iewhat confirmed by the circumstance that the whole ground is covered with shells, in some places to the depth of two or three feet. It is presumed that these " shell beds^^ generally indicate the site of Indian habitations.

Here was an Indian village in 1659, ^ styled by the aborigines Alipconck, that is the place of elms. It seems more than probable that this ancient settlement occupied a hill at (he sQuth end of the present village. This opinion is son^iewhat confirmed by the circumstance that the whole ground is covered with shells, in some places to the depth of two or three feet. It is presumed that these " shell beds^^ generally indicate the site of Indian habitations.

Upon the same spot are situated the remains of the old military redoubt from whence the gallant water guard cannonaded the Vulture sloop of war, as she lay grounded on the ballast reef. The site of the Indian village and redoubt belong to Mr. Hart, who purchased of the Dutch Church.

The Dutch settlement of Tarwetown commenced soon after Philips purchase in 1680. The first dwellings appear to have been erected near the water's edge ; for the convenience of shipping which found here a fine natural harbor. Prior to 1775 a dock had been constructed, and several houses erected near it. In 1776, the village consisted of twelve dwelling houses. At the present day there are over one hundred dwellings, five churches, three hotels and taverns, seven stores and an extensive brick yard. The steamboats Columbus, Mountaineer and Arrow make daily trips from this place to the city of New York. A number of sloops are also owned here, which run to various places on the river. Among others the Katrena van Tassel, Harvey P. Farrington, and the Farmer's Daughter, by Gilbert Requa. The principal

At the present day there are over one hundred dwellings, five churches, three hotels and taverns, seven stores and an extensive brick yard. The steamboats Columbus, Mountaineer and Arrow make daily trips from this place to the city of New York. A number of sloops are also owned here, which run to various places on the river. Among others the Katrena van Tassel, Harvey P. Farrington, and the Farmer's Daughter, by Gilbert Requa. The principal

» Visscher's map Nov Belgii.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

hotels are the Franklin House kept by Mr. H. Wilson, (a favorite retreat for visitors during the summer season,) and the ancient tavern stand of Martin Smith, another well known resort of travellers. Near the water's edge, in the vicinity of the landing, is situated the residence of General William Paulding. This house was erected previous to the Revolution, by his father AYilliam Paulding, Esq. From its proximity to the water it was frequently the object of the enemy's fire ; the marks of their cannon balls are still visible on its walls.

Upon a commanding position, north of the village, is seated the Irving Institute ; a classical boarding school for young gentlemen. William P. Lyon, A. M., principal and proprietor. This institution was founded in the spring of 1S3S. The location is, perhaps, the most desirable that could be selected for the purposes of education in this vicinity, 'i'he 5iVe is half a mile from, the village landing, and about twenty-five miles distant from New York, with which there is daily communication. The edifice is a commodious brick building with wings, and a large rear building for the school. The grounds embrace several acres, affording abundant opportunity for healthy sports, and are quite retired from the village.

The location is, perhaps, the most desirable that could be selected for the purposes of education in this vicinity, 'i'he 5iVe is half a mile from, the village landing, and about twenty-five miles distant from New York, with which there is daily communication. The edifice is a commodious brick building with wings, and a large rear building for the school. The grounds embrace several acres, affording abundant opportunity for healthy sports, and are quite retired from the village.

Irving Institute, Tarry town.

Christ Church, Tarrytown, is a neat Gothic edifice of brick, pleasantly located in the main street.

This church was erected in 1836, and consecrated to the ser» vice of Almighty God by the name and style of Christ's Church,

200 HISTORY OF THE

Tarrytown, September, 1837. The whole structure is valued at

8S000.

On the iiorih side of the chancel are two marble slabs bearing the following inscriptions:

IN IN

memory of memory of

Katharine Kemble, Maria* Philips,

Born October, 1765, (Relict of Frederick Philips, b)

and departed this life the of Philipstown, Putnam County,

16th day of July, New York,

A. D. 1843, who departed this life the 13th day of

Sister to Maria Philips. November, A.D. 1839,

" In death they aged 68 years.

were not

divided." Her remains rest within the walls of

the Tower of this Church.

The memory of the just is blessed. -- Prov. x. 7.

The Rev. William Creighton, D. D., first and present incurnbetit.

Upon a commanding eminence, nearly in front of the Episcopal church, stands the mausoleum of the Cobb family. The lower portion consists of a broad marble base, containing apartments for two sarcophagi, and likewise an upper receptacle for coffins, the whole surmounted by a neat obelisk.*^

divided." Her remains rest within the walls of

the Tower of this Church.

The memory of the just is blessed. -- Prov. x. 7.

The Rev. William Creighton, D. D., first and present incurnbetit.

Upon a commanding eminence, nearly in front of the Episcopal church, stands the mausoleum of the Cobb family. The lower portion consists of a broad marble base, containing apartments for two sarcophagi, and likewise an upper receptacle for coffins, the whole surmounted by a neat obelisk.*^

Tiie Reformed Dutch church is situated immediately above the former, on the road leading to Sing Sing. This building is also constructed of brick. The front presents a coUonnade of the lorjic order, surmounted with a wooden tower and spire. This church was erected A. D. JS37, and is in union with the old Dutch church at Sleepy Hollow.

a !\Iaria Kemble and her sister were nieces of the Honorable Viscount Gage.

b Son of Philip Philipse, proprietor of the Philipstown patent, and grandson of the Hon. Frederick Philipse, Lord of the Manor of Philipsburgh.

* This structure has been recently erected for Capt. Nathan Cobb, now a resident of this village, formerly and for many years a most efficient and successful corumander in the Liverpool packet line from New York. -- Irving Banner.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 201

Above the entrance is placed the following inscription.

"Reformed Dutch Church."

Erected A. D. 1837.

In all places where I record

my name I will come unto thee and I will bless thee.

* This structure has been recently erected for Capt. Nathan Cobb, now a resident of this village, formerly and for many years a most efficient and successful corumander in the Liverpool packet line from New York. -- Irving Banner.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 201

Above the entrance is placed the following inscription.

"Reformed Dutch Church."

Erected A. D. 1837.

In all places where I record

my name I will come unto thee and I will bless thee.

Exodus XX. 24.

The first pastor of this church was the Rev. George Dubois, who was succeeded by the Rev. Joseph Wilson, present minister.

The Methodist society of Tarrytown was first organized by the Rev. Mr. Witsell of Haverstraw, A. D. IS31. The present church was erected in 1840. Since that period it has been attached to the Bedford circuit.

The Asbury Methodist Episcopal church in this village was erected A. D. 1837.

There is also a Baptist church, of which the Rev. Charles Underhill is the present pastor.

Mr. Christopher Collins, the first projector of the Erie canal in 1805-6, was for several years a resident of this place, and lies interred in the grave yard at Sleepy Hollow.

Tarrytown is far famed as the place where Major Andre, adjutant general of the British army, was captured by Paulding and his associates upon the 23d of September, 1780. The circumstances which led to the arrest of the spy were as follows :

Major John Andre had been long negotiating with the American general, Arnold, to put the British general, Clinton, in possession of West Point. " This post, says Major General Greene, (who. it must be remembered, was president of the court that tried Andre,) is a beautiful little place lying on the west bank of the Hudson, a little below where it breaks through the chain of mountains called the highlands.

The circumstances which led to the arrest of the spy were as follows :

Major John Andre had been long negotiating with the American general, Arnold, to put the British general, Clinton, in possession of West Point. " This post, says Major General Greene, (who. it must be remembered, was president of the court that tried Andre,) is a beautiful little place lying on the west bank of the Hudson, a little below where it breaks through the chain of mountains called the highlands. Its form is nearly circular, in half of its circumference defended by a precipice of great height, rising abruptly from the river, and on the other by a chain of rugged, inaccessible mountains. It is accessible by one pass only from the river, and that is narrow and easily defended, while on the land side it can be approached only at two points by roads that wind through the mountains and enter it at the river bank

Vol. I. ^ 26

,*

202 HISTORY OF THE

on the north and soutli. Great importance had always bepn attached to this post by the Ainerirans, and irreat labor and expense bestowed npoii fortify ini^ it. It has heen well called the Gibraltar of America. The North river had long lieen the great vein that snpplied life to the American army, and had theenemy obtained possession of this post, besides the actual loss in men and stores, the American army would have been cut oiF from their principal resources in the ensuing' winter, or been obliged to fall back above the Highlands, and leave all the country below open to conquest, while the communicaiion between the eastern and western states would have been seriously interrupted if not wholly excluded. Arnold therefore well kiiew the bearing of this post upon all the operations of the American army, and afterwards avowed his confident expectation, that had the enemy got possession of it, the contest must have ceased, and America been subdued.

The North river had long lieen the great vein that snpplied life to the American army, and had theenemy obtained possession of this post, besides the actual loss in men and stores, the American army would have been cut oiF from their principal resources in the ensuing' winter, or been obliged to fall back above the Highlands, and leave all the country below open to conquest, while the communicaiion between the eastern and western states would have been seriously interrupted if not wholly excluded. Arnold therefore well kiiew the bearing of this post upon all the operations of the American army, and afterwards avowed his confident expectation, that had the enemy got possession of it, the contest must have ceased, and America been subdued.

The British general, Clinton, also appears to have appreciated the value of this post, and it is probable that the purchase of it had been arranged with Arnold some months prior to the detection of the plot. It was when Washington marclied to Kingsbridge, with a view to the attempt on New York, and when he had mustered under him every man who could carry a musket, that he placed Arnold in command of a corps of invalids at West Point.

The commander-in-chief had offered him a command suitable to his rank and reputation in the army, but he niade the unhealed state of his wounds, and so;ne other causes, the pretext for declitiing it, as the negotiations for the surrender of West Point had already commenced. Soon after the relinquishment of the enterprize against New York, a meeting was concerted to take place between the American commander-in-chief and the French military and naval commanders. Hartford, on the ( onnecticut river was the place assigned for their meeting; the object was to consult on their future joint operations.

The commander-in-chief had offered him a command suitable to his rank and reputation in the army, but he niade the unhealed state of his wounds, and so;ne other causes, the pretext for declitiing it, as the negotiations for the surrender of West Point had already commenced. Soon after the relinquishment of the enterprize against New York, a meeting was concerted to take place between the American commander-in-chief and the French military and naval commanders. Hartford, on the ( onnecticut river was the place assigned for their meeting; the object was to consult on their future joint operations. Upon the departure of Washington for this meeting Greene was placed in command of the main army. Tliis was on the 17ih of September, 1780. On the eighteenth Admiral Rodney arrived in New York with such an overwhelming reinforcement to the British navy as must have

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 203

set the consiiliations at Hartford all at nouo^ht. From (hat time Greene's communications to the president of congress are full of the hurried preparations 2:oing on at New York for some important enterprise ; little did [ie, or any other |)erson suspect to what point that enterprze was directed.

It appears that General Greene had estabh'shed a regular communication for obtainitig intelligence from the city by spies; and his correspondents in that place were at a loss whether the expedition was intended for Rhode Island or Virginia, ''j'o one er other of these plnces (he enemy had been careful to throw out hint?!, or exhibit appearances, that the expedilioa was directed.

From (hat time Greene's communications to the president of congress are full of the hurried preparations 2:oing on at New York for some important enterprise ; little did [ie, or any other |)erson suspect to what point that enterprze was directed.

It appears that General Greene had estabh'shed a regular communication for obtainitig intelligence from the city by spies; and his correspondents in that place were at a loss whether the expedition was intended for Rhode Island or Virginia, ''j'o one er other of these plnces (he enemy had been careful to throw out hint?!, or exhibit appearances, that the expedilioa was directed.

Yet Greene was not deceived, for in a letter of the 21st (just two days before the discovery of the plot) to General Washington he writes, " Colonel communicated the last

intelligence we have from New Y'ork ; since that I have not been able to obtain the least inlorrnation of what is going on there. Though we have people in from three different quarters, none of them returning:, makes me suspect some secret expedition is in contemplation, the success of which depends altogether upon its being kept a secret.

The British conmander had now become sensible that no time was to be lost, as most probably, on the return of Washington from Hartford, he would assume the command in person at West Point, or confide it to Greene. The present, therefore, was the most favorable time that would ever present itself-''^-

"Andre was accordmgly dispatched in (he Vulture sloopof war. to hold a personal conference wi(h General Arnold. I'he Vulture ascended t.;e Hudson river on the k!Oih, as far as Teller's Point, and came to anchor at (he mouth of the Haversiraw bay. Here Andre eagerly awaited some opportiujity to acquaint Arnold with his arrival. An occasion tor so doing presented itself the next day.

The present, therefore, was the most favorable time that would ever present itself-''^-

"Andre was accordmgly dispatched in (he Vulture sloopof war. to hold a personal conference wi(h General Arnold. I'he Vulture ascended t.;e Hudson river on the k!Oih, as far as Teller's Point, and came to anchor at (he mouth of the Haversiraw bay. Here Andre eagerly awaited some opportiujity to acquaint Arnold with his arrival. An occasion tor so doing presented itself the next day. A white flag was displayed at 'leller's Point, by some of the country people, which bjing" interpreted as they Vv^ished, the captain ot (he Vulture sent off a boat with a flag, which was fired upon as soon as it approached the shore. '^I'his gave x4ndre the ojifjoriimity he desired, as it was a proper suba See Baraum's Spy Unmasked..-. - - .

204 HISTORY OF THE

ject for a remonstrance to the commanding oiEcer,and a flag with a letter was accordingly dispatched. The letter was dared on the 2lst Sept. ; it was in the handwriting of Andr6, signed by the captain of the vessel, and countersigned "John Anderson." (And e's assumed name.) This flag was sent to Yerplanck's Point. Arnold arrived just as the boat returned to the Vulture. The letter was handed to him and of course fully understood ; thereupon, he hastened to prepare Smith for a visit to the enemy's vessel on the approaching night. Crossing from Verplanck's to Stony point, he made all the requisite arrangements respecting the boat that Smith would want, and then proceeded to his quarters to remove the difficulty which had occurred respecting boatmen. The guard boats had received orders not to stop Smith, and he also possessed the countersign for the next night, which was the word " Congress." In the morning Smith brought his tenant, Samuel Colquhoun to a conference with Arnold, who requested him to accompany his landlord on a visit that night to the Vulture." The man at first refused, but at last consented to go with his brother, Joseph Colquhoun and Smith- They were directed by Arnold to muffle the oars, and thus prepared, about midnight, the boat arrived at the Vulture.

The guard boats had received orders not to stop Smith, and he also possessed the countersign for the next night, which was the word " Congress." In the morning Smith brought his tenant, Samuel Colquhoun to a conference with Arnold, who requested him to accompany his landlord on a visit that night to the Vulture." The man at first refused, but at last consented to go with his brother, Joseph Colquhoun and Smith- They were directed by Arnold to muffle the oars, and thus prepared, about midnight, the boat arrived at the Vulture. The noise made by the officer on watch, and the sailors in their hailing the boat, was heard below, and a boy sent up with orders that the man should be siiown into the cabin, supposing him to be Arnold. Smith descended, and found his old acquaintance Beverly Robinson. A letter from Arnold was presented to the Colonel, in which he said, "This will be delivered to you by Mr. Smith, who will conduct you to a place of safety. Neither Mr. Smith nor any other person shall be made acquainted with your proposals, if they (which 1 doubt not) are of such a nature, that I can officially take notice of t hem, I shall do it with pleasure. I take it for granted. Colonel Robinson will not propose anything that is not for the interest of the United States, as well as of himself. "Smith had likewise two papers signed by Arnold, which he showed to Robinson ; one, a permission to pass and repass with a boat to Dobb's Ferry, the other a permission to Joshua Smith, Mr. John Anderson and two servants, to pass and repass the guards near King's ferry at all times." By these papers,

Colonel Robinson will not propose anything that is not for the interest of the United States, as well as of himself. "Smith had likewise two papers signed by Arnold, which he showed to Robinson ; one, a permission to pass and repass with a boat to Dobb's Ferry, the other a permission to Joshua Smith, Mr. John Anderson and two servants, to pass and repass the guards near King's ferry at all times." By these papers,

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 205

Colonel Robinson understood that Arnold expected Andre to come on shore. Smith was left with the captain of the vessel for abont a qnarter of an hour, when Robinson returned with a person whom he introduced as Mr. Anderson. He excused himself from going ashore, but this person would go in his stead, and was competent to the transaction of the business. Andre, although in liis uniform, was so completely enveloped in a blue great coat, that Smith (if we believe his assertions) did not suspect his real name or character.

Smith and Andre descended into the boat, where the Colquhouns awaited them. They were landed at the foot of a mountain called the Long Glove, on the western margin of the river, about six miles b^low Stony point. The Vulture lay between the place and Teller's Point. Here Arnold was in attendance on horseback, with another horse brought by a servant of Smith's. It was perfectly dark, and Smith knowint^ the spot designated by Arnold, groped his way up the bank, and found the commander of West Point concealed among the trees and bushes.a-

They were landed at the foot of a mountain called the Long Glove, on the western margin of the river, about six miles b^low Stony point. The Vulture lay between the place and Teller's Point. Here Arnold was in attendance on horseback, with another horse brought by a servant of Smith's. It was perfectly dark, and Smith knowint^ the spot designated by Arnold, groped his way up the bank, and found the commander of West Point concealed among the trees and bushes.a-

Smith was sent back for his companion, and having introduced him, was requested to retire to the boat, where he remained ill at ease and watchful, while the Colqnhouns conscience-free, slept soundly through the remainder of the night. The conference appeared unnecessarily long to Mr. Smith, and he retraced his way to give notice of the approach of morning, and the necessity of departing before daylight appeared. . ':

The conspirators had exhausted the night and their business was not yet completed. It was agreed that the boat should be dismissed, and sent up the river. Andre consoled to mount a led horse brought to the Clove with Arnold, and to accompany him to Smith's house, there to remain through the day, and return to the sloop of war next night. It was still dark, and, as Andre asserts, the voice of the sentinel demanding the countersign, was tlie first indication to the adjutant-general that he was within the American lines. About the break of day, the conspirators arrived at Smith's house. He had proceeded with the boat to Crown

Andre consoled to mount a led horse brought to the Clove with Arnold, and to accompany him to Smith's house, there to remain through the day, and return to the sloop of war next night. It was still dark, and, as Andre asserts, the voice of the sentinel demanding the countersign, was tlie first indication to the adjutant-general that he was within the American lines. About the break of day, the conspirators arrived at Smith's house. He had proceeded with the boat to Crown

Smith's words are, " hid among the firs."

206 HISTORY OF THE

Island in Haverslraw creek, and dismissing the Colquhouns joined Arnold. To the alarm of the group, a cannonade was very soon heard, and from the window, Andre beheld that the Vulture was in peril from the guns, and saw her obliged to weigh anchor and stand down the river. In an upper apartment in Smith's house, the spy and the traitor viewed this unexpected incident, and Sir Henry Clinton's adjutant general, no doubt, felt for a time, that the net prepared for others, was closing around him. It is to be supposed, (hat the commander of West Point reassured him, and after breakfast, Smith left him to finish "the plot of treachery" between them ; it was understood that Arnold was to receive a stipulated sum. The day fixed upon, Andre was to return to New York, and the British troops (already embarked under the pretence of an expedition to the Chesapeake,) were to be ready to ascend the river. Arnold was to weaken the post of West Point by such a disposition of the garrison, as would yield it an easy prey to the troops brought against it.

It is to be supposed, (hat the commander of West Point reassured him, and after breakfast, Smith left him to finish "the plot of treachery" between them ; it was understood that Arnold was to receive a stipulated sum. The day fixed upon, Andre was to return to New York, and the British troops (already embarked under the pretence of an expedition to the Chesapeake,) were to be ready to ascend the river. Arnold was to weaken the post of West Point by such a disposition of the garrison, as would yield it an easy prey to the troops brought against it.

Every preliminary was settled, and the spy furnished with all the papers explanatory of the condition of the post, and the manner in which its force was to be rendered unavailable, and its garrison betrayed to death or captivity. Andre required to be put in safety on board the Vulture; to this Arnold assented, and although a different route was proposed, yet Andre supposed he was to be sent on board the attending sloop of war. Before Arnold left Smith's house, he urged him to go with Andre on board the Vulture as soon as it was dark ; but, as if to provide for obstacles, he sent two passes for Smith; the one a permission to go " with a boat, three hands and a flag to Dobb's Ferry, on public business, an^ return immediately;" the other, to pass the guards to the White Plains, and return. To this was added a third, as follows: "Head Quarters, Robinson's liouse, Sept. 22d, 1780. Permit Mr. John Anderson to pass the guards to the White Plains, or below, if he chooses; he being on public business, by my direction. -- B. Arnold, M. Gen." A miserable day was passed by the spy in solitude, and when evening came, Smith positively refused to go again on board the Vulture, neither had he engaged any person to row the boat.

To this was added a third, as follows: "Head Quarters, Robinson's liouse, Sept. 22d, 1780. Permit Mr. John Anderson to pass the guards to the White Plains, or below, if he chooses; he being on public business, by my direction. -- B. Arnold, M. Gen." A miserable day was passed by the spy in solitude, and when evening came, Smith positively refused to go again on board the Vulture, neither had he engaged any person to row the boat. The reason he gave was an attack of the ague, but this did not prevent him,

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 207

as will be seen, from accompanying Andre on horse-back in his nocturnal journey, or from crossing the river with hiuj. Tj)us Andre was compelled to take the route Smith chose, which was to cross the river, and proceed in the direction of White Plains. The uniform coat of the adjutant general was left at Smitli's house, and with a coat of Smith's, covered by the dark great-coat, with "a wide cape and buttoned close to his neck," Andre was equipped for the journey. Accordingly in the morning, he and Smith proceeded to King's Ferry.

On the way. Smith endeavored to draw his companion into conversation, but without success. He was reserved and thoughtful. On the contrary, Suiith accosted several of his acquaintances on the road, and even stopped at a sutler's tent, and joined in discussing a bowl of punch, while Andre walked his horse slowly to the ferry alone, and there waited Smi.h's arrival.

The uniform coat of the adjutant general was left at Smitli's house, and with a coat of Smith's, covered by the dark great-coat, with "a wide cape and buttoned close to his neck," Andre was equipped for the journey. Accordingly in the morning, he and Smith proceeded to King's Ferry.

On the way. Smith endeavored to draw his companion into conversation, but without success. He was reserved and thoughtful. On the contrary, Suiith accosted several of his acquaintances on the road, and even stopped at a sutler's tent, and joined in discussing a bowl of punch, while Andre walked his horse slowly to the ferry alone, and there waited Smi.h's arrival.

As they passed through the works at Verplanck's Point, Smith rode up to Colonel Livingston's tent, while Andre, and a servant who attended him, (a negro of Smith's,) rode on. To the Colonel's inquiries. Smith said he was going up the country, and took charge of letters for General Arnold and Governor Clinton. He excused himself from stopping, as a gentleman waited for him whose business was ur5:ent. He then overlook his charo-e and they proceeded until between eight and nine at night, " when they were hailed by the sentinel of a patrolling party. This was near Crompond, and about eight miles from Verplanck's Point. The sentinel ordered them to stop, and Smith dismounted, gave the bridle of his horse to his servant, walked forward, and inquired who commanded the party. He was answered, -Captain Boyd,' who, overhearing the conversation, immediately appeared. The captain was unusually inquisitive, and demanded of him who he was, where he belonged, and what was his business. Smith answered these questions promptly, adding tiiat he had a pass from General Arnold, and desired not to be detained. The captain was not yet satisfied, but inquired how far he meant to go that night ; to which he replied, as far as Major Strang's or Colonel Drake's ; but this only increased the embarrassment, for the captain informed him that Major Strang was not at home and Colonel Drake had removed to another part of the country.

Smith answered these questions promptly, adding tiiat he had a pass from General Arnold, and desired not to be detained. The captain was not yet satisfied, but inquired how far he meant to go that night ; to which he replied, as far as Major Strang's or Colonel Drake's ; but this only increased the embarrassment, for the captain informed him that Major Strang was not at home and Colonel Drake had removed to another part of the country.

208 HISTORY OF THE

Captain Boyd then said that he must see the passport, and, it being dark, they went to a house at a small distance to procure a light. Andre began to be a little alarmed, and advanced with reluctance towards the house, till he was encouraged by Smith, who assured him that Arnold's pass would certainly protect them.

And so it proved ; for the pass was expressed in positive terms, and there was no room to doubt its genuineness or its authority.

The Captain was afterwards more bland in his manner, but the ardor of his curiosity was not diminished. He took Smith aside, and begged to be informed of this important business which carried him down so near the enemy's lines, and induced him and his companion to travel so dangerous a road in the night. As an apology for this inquiry he manifested a good deal of concern for their safety, telling him that the cow-boys had recently been out, and were believed then to be for up the country, and he advised him by all means not to proceed till mornins:. Smith prevaricated as well as he could, saying to Captain Boyd, that he and his fellow-traveller, whom he called Mr. Anderson, were employed by General Arnold to procure intelligence, that they expected to meet' a person near White Plains for that purpose, and that it was necessary for them to go foru'ard as expeditiously as possible.

As an apology for this inquiry he manifested a good deal of concern for their safety, telling him that the cow-boys had recently been out, and were believed then to be for up the country, and he advised him by all means not to proceed till mornins:. Smith prevaricated as well as he could, saying to Captain Boyd, that he and his fellow-traveller, whom he called Mr. Anderson, were employed by General Arnold to procure intelligence, that they expected to meet' a person near White Plains for that purpose, and that it was necessary for them to go foru'ard as expeditiously as possible.

Upon this statement Captain Boyd seemed more anxious than ever, magnified the perils to which they would be exposed by travelling in the night, and recommended anew that they should turn back to one Andreas Miller's, who lived but a little way oif, and at whose house they might lodge. Smith's courage was somewhat damped by these representations, and he went and told the tale to Andre, counselled with him as to the steps they ought to take. It is probable, also, that he had fears of exciting suspicion, if he hesitated in resisting the Captain's zeal, expressed so earnestly in their behalf Andre, as it may well be imagined, not being very easy in his present situation, was for going on at all events. When Smith found his fears unheeded and his eloquence unavailing, he called in the aid of Captain Boyd, and inquired of him which was the safest road to White Plains. Boyd considered both roads perilous, but believed the one through ISorth Castle the least so, for the lower party, or cow-boys, infest-

It is probable, also, that he had fears of exciting suspicion, if he hesitated in resisting the Captain's zeal, expressed so earnestly in their behalf Andre, as it may well be imagined, not being very easy in his present situation, was for going on at all events. When Smith found his fears unheeded and his eloquence unavailing, he called in the aid of Captain Boyd, and inquired of him which was the safest road to White Plains. Boyd considered both roads perilous, but believed the one through ISorth Castle the least so, for the lower party, or cow-boys, infest-

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 209

cd the Tarry town road, and bad lately done mischief in that quarter. He used various arguments to dissuade them from going itirther that night, to which Smith listened with open ears, and he resolved against the will of Andre, to trespass on the hospitality of Andreas Miller.

They met with a welcome reception, but coming at alate hour to an humble dwelling, their accommodations were narrow, and the two travellers were obliged to sleep in the same bed.

According to Smith's account, it was a weary and restless night to his companion. The burden on his thoughts was not of a kind to lull them to repose ; and the place of his retreat so near the watchful Captain Boyd and his guard, w^as hardly such as would impress upon him a conviction of perfect security.

At the first dawn of light he roused himself from his troubled slumber, wakened the servant, and ordered tlie horses to be prepared for an early departure.

According to Smith's account, it was a weary and restless night to his companion. The burden on his thoughts was not of a kind to lull them to repose ; and the place of his retreat so near the watchful Captain Boyd and his guard, w^as hardly such as would impress upon him a conviction of perfect security.

At the first dawn of light he roused himself from his troubled slumber, wakened the servant, and ordered tlie horses to be prepared for an early departure.

Having solicited their host in vain to receive a compensation for the civilities he had rendered, they mounted and took the road leading to Pine's bridge,"=i which crosses the Croton River on the way to North Castle. " The countenance of Andre brightened when he was fairly beyond the reach of the patroHing party, and, as he thought, he left behind him the principal difficulties in his route. His cheerfulness revived, and he conversed, in the most animated and agreeable strain, upon a great variety of topics. Smith professes to have been astonished at the sudden and extraordinary change which appeared in him, from a gloomy taciturnity to an exuberant flow^ of spirits, pleasantry, and gay discourse. He talked upon poetry, the arts, and literature; lamented the war. and hoped for a speedy peace."^ As they passed Major Strang's house, two miles below Yorktown church, they were observed by its inmates, who supposed them to be Continental officers. " In this manner they passed along, without being accosted by any person, till they came within two miles and a half of Pine's Bridge. At this place Smith had determined to end his journey in the direction of White Plains. The Cowboys, whom he seemed anxious to avoid, had recently been above-

He talked upon poetry, the arts, and literature; lamented the war. and hoped for a speedy peace."^ As they passed Major Strang's house, two miles below Yorktown church, they were observed by its inmates, who supposed them to be Continental officers. " In this manner they passed along, without being accosted by any person, till they came within two miles and a half of Pine's Bridge. At this place Smith had determined to end his journey in the direction of White Plains. The Cowboys, whom he seemed anxious to avoid, had recently been above-

^ Sparks' Life of Arnold, 214, 215,216, 217. ^ Ibid 217.

Vol. I. 27

210 HISTORY OF THE

the bridge, and the territory below was considered their appropriate domain. The travellers partook of a frugal breakfast together at the house of a good Dutch woman, who had been plundered by three marauders, but who was yet enabled lo set before them a repast of hasty pudding and milk.^ This being dispatched, ^Smith divided liis small stock of paper money with Andre, took a final leave, and, with his servant, hastened back to Peekskill, and the same evening to Fishkill, where he had left his family four days before, at the house of his brother-in-law. On his way, he took the road leading to Robinson's house, where he called on General Arnold, and dined. He gave an account of Andre's progress, and mentioned the place where he left him, with which Arnold appeared well pleased. It is to be understood, however, that Smith had not, at this time, as he always affirmed, any knowledge of Andre's true character, and that he supposed his name to be John Anderson.

The travellers partook of a frugal breakfast together at the house of a good Dutch woman, who had been plundered by three marauders, but who was yet enabled lo set before them a repast of hasty pudding and milk.^ This being dispatched, ^Smith divided liis small stock of paper money with Andre, took a final leave, and, with his servant, hastened back to Peekskill, and the same evening to Fishkill, where he had left his family four days before, at the house of his brother-in-law. On his way, he took the road leading to Robinson's house, where he called on General Arnold, and dined. He gave an account of Andre's progress, and mentioned the place where he left him, with which Arnold appeared well pleased. It is to be understood, however, that Smith had not, at this time, as he always affirmed, any knowledge of Andre's true character, and that he supposed his name to be John Anderson.

'i'he Coio-hoys were a set of people, mostly, if not wholly, refugees, belonging to the British side, and engaged in plundering cattle near the lines, and driving them to New York. The name indicates their vocation. There was another description of banditti, called Skinners^ who lived, for the most part, within the American liuesj and professed attachment to the American cause; but, in reality, they were more unprincipled, perfidious and inhuman than the Cow-boys themselves ; for these latter exhibited some symptoms of fellow feeling for their friends, -- whereas, the Skinners committed their depredations equally upon friends and foes.

'i'he Coio-hoys were a set of people, mostly, if not wholly, refugees, belonging to the British side, and engaged in plundering cattle near the lines, and driving them to New York. The name indicates their vocation. There was another description of banditti, called Skinners^ who lived, for the most part, within the American liuesj and professed attachment to the American cause; but, in reality, they were more unprincipled, perfidious and inhuman than the Cow-boys themselves ; for these latter exhibited some symptoms of fellow feeling for their friends, -- whereas, the Skinners committed their depredations equally upon friends and foes.

f>y a law of the State of New York, every person refusing to take an oath of fidelity to the state was considered as forfeiting his property. The large territory between ihe American and British lines, extending nearly thirty miles from north to south, and embracing Westchester county, was populous and highly cultivated. A person living within that space, who took the oath of fidelity, was sure to be plundered by the Cow-boys; and if he did not take it, the Skinners would come down upon him, call

*■ This was not a Dutch woman, zis the historian supposes, but Mrs, Sarah Underliill, wife of Isaac Underliii), of Yorktown, whose grandson, Edward Borough Un- <lerhitl, still owns ihe iiousc. -- Editok.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. ^ 211

him a tory, and seize his property as confiscated by tlie state. Thus the execution of the laws was assumed by robbers, and ilie innocent and guilty were involved in a common ruin.

A person living within that space, who took the oath of fidelity, was sure to be plundered by the Cow-boys; and if he did not take it, the Skinners would come down upon him, call

*■ This was not a Dutch woman, zis the historian supposes, but Mrs, Sarah Underliill, wife of Isaac Underliii), of Yorktown, whose grandson, Edward Borough Un- <lerhitl, still owns ihe iiousc. -- Editok.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. ^ 211

him a tory, and seize his property as confiscated by tlie state. Thus the execution of the laws was assumed by robbers, and ilie innocent and guilty were involved in a common ruin.

It is true the civil authority endeavored to guard against ihe^o outrages, so for as it could, by legislative enactments and executive proclamations; but, from the nature of the case, this form, idable conspiracy against tlie rights and claims of humanity could be crushed only by a military arm. The detachments of Continental troops and militia, stationed near the lines, did something to lessen the evil, yet they were not adequate to its suppressior, and frequently this force was so feeble as not to afford any barrier to the inroads of the banditti.

The Skinners and Cow-boys often leagued together. The former would sell their plunder to the latter, taking in exchange contraband articles brought from New York. It was not uncommon for the farce of a skirmish to be acted near the American

. lines, in which the Skinners never failed to come off victorious ; and then they would go boldly to the interior with their booty, pretending it had been captured from the enemy while attempi-

The Skinners and Cow-boys often leagued together. The former would sell their plunder to the latter, taking in exchange contraband articles brought from New York. It was not uncommon for the farce of a skirmish to be acted near the American

. lines, in which the Skinners never failed to come off victorious ; and then they would go boldly to the interior with their booty, pretending it had been captured from the enemy while attempi-

" ing to smuggle it across the lines.

Such was the social condition of that part of the county through which Andre was now to pass alone, for nearh^ thirty miles, before he could be perfectly secure from danger; for, although every step diminished the chances of untoward accidents, yet there was no absolute safety till he was beyond the limits of this ill- . fated neutral ground.''^

" But Andre had the American general's pass to produce to the ■ one, and his true character to protect him from the other, ^till he could not but feel that his situation was one of peril. The remarks he had heard from the captain of the patrole on the preceding night, seems to have induced the adjutant-general to take

' the Tarrytown road, as the one most frequented by the Cow-boys ^ for it was understood by Saiith that he would proceed toward White Plains. Upon what apparently chance circumstances the fate of individuals, and armies, and states, appears to depend ! Had this bearer of ruin to thousands proceeded on the road at first

The remarks he had heard from the captain of the patrole on the preceding night, seems to have induced the adjutant-general to take

' the Tarrytown road, as the one most frequented by the Cow-boys ^ for it was understood by Saiith that he would proceed toward White Plains. Upon what apparently chance circumstances the fate of individuals, and armies, and states, appears to depend ! Had this bearer of ruin to thousands proceeded on the road at first

, * Sparks' Life of Arnold, 218, 19, 20, 21.

212 HISTORY OF THE

intended, be probably would have accomplished the treason in safety to himself; but a few words uttered at random by the American officer, to Smith, respecting the danger of the road nearest the Hudson, determined the spy to turn that way, as most frequented by his friends, -- and by that heaven-directed turn, impending ruin was averted, and the lives of thousands saved." From Pine's Bridge, the adjutant general of the British army followed the Crum Pond road, which passed the house of Mr. Staats Hammond- The son of this gentleman, David Hammond, of Norih Castle, is still living, (1847,) at an advanced age. He relates, that on the day Andie was taken, he was standing at the door of his father's residence, upon the Crum Pond road, when he observed a person approaching on liorseback, leisurely walking his horse. As he rode up, he observed the stranger to be closely enveloped in a light blue swan's down cloak, with high military boots, and a low crowned and broad brimmed hat on his head. The animal he bestrode was a beautiful bay, bitted with a handsome double snaffle bridle ; the mane, particularly about the head, being thickly matted with burs. The stranger immediately asked for a driiik of water.

He relates, that on the day Andie was taken, he was standing at the door of his father's residence, upon the Crum Pond road, when he observed a person approaching on liorseback, leisurely walking his horse. As he rode up, he observed the stranger to be closely enveloped in a light blue swan's down cloak, with high military boots, and a low crowned and broad brimmed hat on his head. The animal he bestrode was a beautiful bay, bitted with a handsome double snaffle bridle ; the mane, particularly about the head, being thickly matted with burs. The stranger immediately asked for a driiik of water. It deserves to be noticed, in connection with this incident, that Mr. Hammond's faiher, who was laying, at the time, badly wounded on the floor, caught a glimpse of the stranger, whom he pronounced to be a spy, from the fact of his being enveloped in the manner described.

David Hammond, having procured a drinking vessel, accompanied by his sister, led the way to the adjoining well. Here the girl drew the water, which was offered to the stranger, who requested David to hold the bridle whilst he drank. After satisfying his thirst, he turned toward Mrs. Hammond, and asked the distance to Tarrytown ; she replied, ''Four miles." " I did not think it was so far," said he.

At Chappequa, in the vicinity of Underbill's tavern, the spy encountered several (Quakers. From them he again i*3quired the road, at the same time asking whether any troops were out below, (fcc.

Here the girl drew the water, which was offered to the stranger, who requested David to hold the bridle whilst he drank. After satisfying his thirst, he turned toward Mrs. Hammond, and asked the distance to Tarrytown ; she replied, ''Four miles." " I did not think it was so far," said he.

At Chappequa, in the vicinity of Underbill's tavern, the spy encountered several (Quakers. From them he again i*3quired the road, at the same time asking whether any troops were out below, (fcc.

At the foot of the Chappequa roads the adjutant general selected that which leads to the river. Following this, he came out in the Albany post road, near the village of Sparta. He had now

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 213

securely passed about eleven miles of the neutral gronndj and approached within a few hundred yards of the Hudson without interruption, and probably felt himself beyond the reach of deteciion.

A little north of Tarrytown, the road crosses a small brook, (now called the Andre brook.) A few rods from this spot a period was put to the journey of the spy and the progress of the treason.

On this fated morning soiiie of the inhabitants of Westchester had by agreement taken their arms, and proceeded to the neighborhood of this brook and bridge, to prevent cattle from being driven down towards New York, and to seize as a loyal prize any such cows or oxen as might be destined for his majesty's troops by their friends. This patriotic band of seven had volunteered of their own account to go upon this expedition the day previous, Sept. 22, 1780. John Yerks, (still living in the town of Mount Pleasant aged eighty-eight.) says that he proposed this excursion to John Paulding, both of them being at that time stationed in North Salem.

On this fated morning soiiie of the inhabitants of Westchester had by agreement taken their arms, and proceeded to the neighborhood of this brook and bridge, to prevent cattle from being driven down towards New York, and to seize as a loyal prize any such cows or oxen as might be destined for his majesty's troops by their friends. This patriotic band of seven had volunteered of their own account to go upon this expedition the day previous, Sept. 22, 1780. John Yerks, (still living in the town of Mount Pleasant aged eighty-eight.) says that he proposed this excursion to John Paulding, both of them being at that time stationed in North Salem. The latter at first objected, but upon further consideration volunteered his services, provided they could induce a sufficient number to accompany them. This Yerks assured him could be easily accomplished and offered to procure the men ; while Paulding should obtain the necessary permit from the com.manding officer. Yerks had in the meantime enlisted three volunteers, viz. Isaac See, James Romer and Abraham Williams. Paulding soon after returned with tlie permit, accompanied by his friend Isaac Van Wart. The party now consisting of six, took the direct road for Cross river. Here they were joined by David Williams from Bedford. From Cross river they proceeded' to Pleasantville, formerly Clark's Corner, where they halted for the night. From a lady by the name of Mrs. Powell, (who had recently arrived at this place from Morrisania,) the volunteers ascertained that the British horse from Long Island, New Jersey and New York, had advanced from the Island into tlie neighborhood of Boar hill, Yonkers.

The party now consisting of six, took the direct road for Cross river. Here they were joined by David Williams from Bedford. From Cross river they proceeded' to Pleasantville, formerly Clark's Corner, where they halted for the night. From a lady by the name of Mrs. Powell, (who had recently arrived at this place from Morrisania,) the volunteers ascertained that the British horse from Long Island, New Jersey and New York, had advanced from the Island into tlie neighborhood of Boar hill, Yonkers.

Whilst Andre slept at Crunipond, our volunteers turned into a hay barrack, (then standing a few yards fiom the present Methodist Church,) ai Pleasantville.

Up by times on the next morning, the party followed the windings of the Saw Mill valley to the house of Capt. Jacob

214 HISTORY OF THE

Rormer, where they obtained breakfast and a basket well provided for their dinner. From this place ihey marched to the hill iiiimediately above Tarrytown. Here it was agreed that three of the number, viz. Paulding, Van AYart and David Williams should go below, whilst the remaining four should watch the road above, with the full understanding, (according to Yerks,) that whatever might be taken should be equally divided among the whole band.

The upper party were stationed two hundred yards east on the hill above the lower party, the latter being concealed in the bushes near the post-road.

At Smith's trial, (which was by a court martial, and commenced the day after Andre's examination, Paulding and YVilliams gave the following testimony. Paulding said, '• myself, Isaac van Wart and David Williams, were lying by the side of the road about half a mile above Tarrytown, and about fifteen miles above Kmgsbridge, on Saturday morning between nine and ten o'clock, on the 23d of September. We had lain there about one hour and a half, as near as I can recollect, and saw several persons we were acquainted with, whom we let pass.

At Smith's trial, (which was by a court martial, and commenced the day after Andre's examination, Paulding and YVilliams gave the following testimony. Paulding said, '• myself, Isaac van Wart and David Williams, were lying by the side of the road about half a mile above Tarrytown, and about fifteen miles above Kmgsbridge, on Saturday morning between nine and ten o'clock, on the 23d of September. We had lain there about one hour and a half, as near as I can recollect, and saw several persons we were acquainted with, whom we let pass. Presently one of the young men who were with me said, ' There comes a gentleman-like looking man who appears to be well dressed and has boots on, and whom you had better step out and stop, if you don't know him. (The party must have observed Andre rising the hill out of Sleepy Hollow ; when first observed, he was walking his horse.) On that, I got up and presented my firelock at the breast of the person and told him to stand, and then I asked him which way he was going? 'Gentlemen,' said he, 'I hope you belong to our party.' I asked him what parly. He said ' the lower party.' Upon that, I told him I did. Then he said '1 am a British officer out of the country on particular business, and I hope you will not detain me a minute;' and to show that he was a British officer he pulled out his watch, upon v/liich 1 told him to dismount. He then said, ' My God ! I must do any thing to get along,' and seemed to make a kind of laugh of it; and pulled out Gjueral Arnold's pass, which was to John Anderson to pass all the guards to Whiteplains and below ; upon that he dismounted.

Then he said '1 am a British officer out of the country on particular business, and I hope you will not detain me a minute;' and to show that he was a British officer he pulled out his watch, upon v/liich 1 told him to dismount. He then said, ' My God ! I must do any thing to get along,' and seemed to make a kind of laugh of it; and pulled out Gjueral Arnold's pass, which was to John Anderson to pass all the guards to Whiteplains and below ; upon that he dismounted. Said he, ' Gentlemen, you had best let

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 215

me go, or you will bring yourselves into trouble, for yonr slopping me will detain the General's business, and said he was going to Dobb's Ferry to meet a person there, and get intelligence for General Arnold.'

" Upon that 1 told him I hoped he would not be offended, that we did not mean to take any thing from him. And 1 told him there were many bad people who were going along the road, and I did not know tut perhaps he might be one."' Mr. Paulding said further that he asked the unknown gentleman his name and he answered " John Anderson." That on seeing General Arnold's pass he should have let him go, if he had not previously said he was a British officer ; (there was yet another circumstance which tended greatly to increase their suspicions, viz. that his pass was for White Plains and not the Tarrytown road ;) and that when fie pulled out his watch, he understood it as a confirmation of that assertion, and not as offering it to him.

Paulding said further that he asked the unknown gentleman his name and he answered " John Anderson." That on seeing General Arnold's pass he should have let him go, if he had not previously said he was a British officer ; (there was yet another circumstance which tended greatly to increase their suspicions, viz. that his pass was for White Plains and not the Tarrytown road ;) and that when fie pulled out his watch, he understood it as a confirmation of that assertion, and not as offering it to him.

Mr. Williams confirmed the above statement with these particulars. " W^e took him into the bushes, and ordered him to pull off his clothes, which he did ; but on searching liim narrowly we could not find any sort of writings. We told him to pull off his boots, which he seemed indifferent about, but w^e got one boot off, and searched in that boot and could find nothing. But we found there were some papers in the bottom of his stockir)g next to his foot, on which we made him pull his stocking off, and found three papers wrapped up. Mr. Paulding looked at the contents; and said he was a spy. We then made him pull off his other boot, and there we found three more papers at the bottom of his foot within his stocking."

The following letters and documents were found in the stockings of Major Andre.

THE ANDRE PAPERS. -

-«

From the originals in the possession of Colonel Beeckman,^ of Flatbush, Long Island.

But we found there were some papers in the bottom of his stockir)g next to his foot, on which we made him pull his stocking off, and found three papers wrapped up. Mr. Paulding looked at the contents; and said he was a spy. We then made him pull off his other boot, and there we found three more papers at the bottom of his foot within his stocking."

The following letters and documents were found in the stockings of Major Andre.

THE ANDRE PAPERS. -

-«

From the originals in the possession of Colonel Beeckman,^ of Flatbush, Long Island.

a Col. Beeckman is the grandson and lineal descendant of Governor Georg© Clinton.

4'

216 HISTORY OF THE

No. 1.-- Pass.

[Endorsed,]

Pass from General Arnold, dated September 20, 1780, to Joshua Smith and Mr. John Anderson, to pass the guards at King's Ferry.

Head Quarters, Robinsoji's House, September 20, 1780. Permission is given to Joshua Smith, Esquire, a gentleman, Mr. John Anderson, who is with him, and his two servants, to pass and repass the guards near King's Ferry at all times.

(Signed,) B. Arnold, M. Gen'l.

No. 2. [Endorsed,] Sept. 22, 1780.

Pass to Joshua Smith to pass to White Plains.

Head Quarters, Robinsori's House, September, 22d, 1780. Joshua Smith, Esq. has permission to pass the Guards to the White Plains, and to return, being on public business, by my direction.

(Signed,) B. Arnold, M. Gen'l.

No. 3. [Letter endorsed to]

'* Thomas Smith, Esq. Havershaw."

Robinsoii's House,^Sept. 25lh, 17S0. Dear Brother : -- I am here a prisoner, and am therefore unab!e to attend in person. I would be obliged to you if you would deliver to Captain Cairns, of Lee's Dragoons, a British Uniform Coat, which you will find in one of the drawers in the room above stairs.

Joshua Smith, Esq. has permission to pass the Guards to the White Plains, and to return, being on public business, by my direction.

(Signed,) B. Arnold, M. Gen'l.

No. 3. [Letter endorsed to]

'* Thomas Smith, Esq. Havershaw."

Robinsoii's House,^Sept. 25lh, 17S0. Dear Brother : -- I am here a prisoner, and am therefore unab!e to attend in person. I would be obliged to you if you would deliver to Captain Cairns, of Lee's Dragoons, a British Uniform Coat, which you will find in one of the drawers in the room above stairs. I would be happy to see .you. Remember me to your family.

I am, affectionately, yours, (Signed,) Joshua H. Smith.

Thomas Smith, Esq.

No. 4.

[Endorsed,] Memo.

Hennirut, [a word not intelligible.] Elijah Hunter.

Mr. L Johnson, B. R r.

Mr. J. Stewart to the care of Joshua Smith, Esq. to be left at Head Q'rs. Isaac Adams, 5 ,, 5 ,, 5.

COUNTY OF VVE6TCHESTER. 217

No. 5. [Endorsed,]

Gen'l Arnold's permission to Joshua Smith.

21 Sep. 1780. - - to Dobb's Ferry,

. . -. ^ &c. &c.

.. •• .■ ' ■ ^ Head Quarters, Robinson'' s House,

■ ■ Sept. 21, 1780.

Permission is granted to Joshua Smith, Esq. to go to Dobb's Ferry with three Men and a Boy in a Boat with a Flag to carry some Letters of a private Nature for Gentlemen in New York and to Return immediately.

(Signed,) - B. Arnold, M. Gen'l.

N. B. -- He has permission to go at such hours and times as the tide and his business suites. B. A.

.. •• .■ ' ■ ^ Head Quarters, Robinson'' s House,

■ ■ Sept. 21, 1780.

Permission is granted to Joshua Smith, Esq. to go to Dobb's Ferry with three Men and a Boy in a Boat with a Flag to carry some Letters of a private Nature for Gentlemen in New York and to Return immediately.

(Signed,) - B. Arnold, M. Gen'l.

N. B. -- He has permission to go at such hours and times as the tide and his business suites. B. A.

\ ■ : ;' -' • No. 6.

[Endorsed,] , . - '

Sep. 22, 1780. Pass to Joshua Smith to pass to Dobb's Ferry. * v.- • ' ' ■ • ' '.. Head Quarters, Robinson'' s House^

Sept. 22, 1780. Joshua Smith, Esq. has permission to pass with a Boat and three handj and a flag to Dobb's Ferry on Public business and to return immediately. (Signed,) . . ..- - B. Arnold, M. Gen'I.

■~ '--■.' No. 7. ^- :"■■ .--

[Endorsed,] •' ' ; '■. --^ -.

Arnold lo John Anderson -- Pass. ":^ ' ^ >■

22d Sept. 1780. "' . ■

- ' ; Head Quarters, RobinsorCs House,

Sept. 22, 1780. Permit Mr. John Anderson to pass the Guards to the White Plains, or below, if He Chuses, He being on Public Business by my Direction.

B. Arnold, M. Gen'I.

No. 8. " .' - [In Arnold's hand-writing.]

[ Gustavus to John Anderson." -.^

" The following document is one of the highest importance to the British, inasmuch as " in case of alarm ^^ it made the British -- who would have caused the alarm -- fully acquainted with the

John Anderson to pass the Guards to the White Plains, or below, if He Chuses, He being on Public Business by my Direction.

B. Arnold, M. Gen'I.

No. 8. " .' - [In Arnold's hand-writing.]

[ Gustavus to John Anderson." -.^

" The following document is one of the highest importance to the British, inasmuch as " in case of alarm ^^ it made the British -- who would have caused the alarm -- fully acquainted with the

Vol. I. , , - •• .: • 28 ■■. - ' ■'/.

218 HISTORY OF THE

disposition of all the American forces in that vicinity, and thus enable them to conduct an attack to the best advantage. It is of course in the traitor's own hand-writing: --

No. 9. [Endorsed,]

Artillery Orders, Sept. 5th, 1780.

W'st Point, Sept. 5th, 1780. Artillery Orders.

The following disposition of the corps is to take place in Case of an alarm.

Capt. Dannills with his Comp'y at Fort Putnam, and to Detach an Officer with 12 men to WylJys's Redoubt, a non Commissioned Officer, with 3 men to Webb's Redoubt, and the like number to Redoubt No. 4.

Capt. Thomas and Company to repair to Fort Arnold.

Capt. Simmons and Company to remain at the North and South Redoubts, at the East side of the River, until further orders.

Lieut, Barber, with 20 men of Capt. Jackson's Company will repair to Constitution Island ; the remainder of the Company with Lieut. Mason's will repair to Arnold.

Dannills with his Comp'y at Fort Putnam, and to Detach an Officer with 12 men to WylJys's Redoubt, a non Commissioned Officer, with 3 men to Webb's Redoubt, and the like number to Redoubt No. 4.

Capt. Thomas and Company to repair to Fort Arnold.

Capt. Simmons and Company to remain at the North and South Redoubts, at the East side of the River, until further orders.

Lieut, Barber, with 20 men of Capt. Jackson's Company will repair to Constitution Island ; the remainder of the Company with Lieut. Mason's will repair to Arnold.

Capt. Lieut. George and Lieut. Blake with 20 men of Capt. Treadwell's Company, will Repair to Redoubt No, 1 and 2, the remainder of the Company will be sent to Fort Arnold.

Late Jones's Company vA-iih Lieut Fisk to repair to the South Battery.

The Chain Battery Sherburn's Redoubt, and the Brass Field pieces will be manned from Fort Arnold as Occation may require.

The Commissary and Conductor of Military stores will in turn wait upon the Commanding Officer of Artillery for Orders.

The Artificers in the Garrison, (agreeable to former Orders,) will repair to Fort Arnold, and their receive further Orders from the Command'g Officer of Artillery, J. Bauman Major Comm't Artillery.

No. 10. [In the Traitor's own hand.] [Endorsed,]

Estimate of the Forces at West Point, and its dependencies, Sept. 1780, Estimate of the Forces at W'st Point and its dependencies, Sep, 13th, 1780. A Brigade of Massachusets Militia and two Regiments of Rank and file New Hampshire Inclusion of 166 Batteaux Men at Verplanks and Stoney Points, 992

The Artificers in the Garrison, (agreeable to former Orders,) will repair to Fort Arnold, and their receive further Orders from the Command'g Officer of Artillery, J. Bauman Major Comm't Artillery.

No. 10. [In the Traitor's own hand.] [Endorsed,]

Estimate of the Forces at West Point, and its dependencies, Sept. 1780, Estimate of the Forces at W'st Point and its dependencies, Sep, 13th, 1780. A Brigade of Massachusets Militia and two Regiments of Rank and file New Hampshire Inclusion of 166 Batteaux Men at Verplanks and Stoney Points, 992

On command and Extra Service at Fish Kills, New Windsor, &c.

&:c., who may be called in occationally, 852

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 219

3 Regiments of Conecticut Militia under the Com'd of Colonel Wells

on the lines near N. Castle, A Detachment of N. York Levies on the lines,

Colonel Lamb's Regiment

Colonel Livingston at Verplank and Stoney Pts

Colonel Sheldon's Dragoons on the lines about one half mounted Batteaux Men and Artificers

Total 3080

Militia

Continent :

lalf mounted

•'■-.• , No. 11. ■ ■',;" '■ ' ;.."

[In Arnold's hand.] • .. . -■ ^ " •

[Endorsed,] - . , Estimate of Men to Man the Works at Wst Point, &c. Sep'r 1780. Estimate of the Number of Men necessary to Man the Works at West Point

and in the Vicinity.

., , Fort Arnold 620 /

Putnam 450

Wyllys 140

Webb _k_- ' 140. - '; ^'

Redoubt No. 1 . v 15C

ditto 2 150

ditto 3 . 120 ' \ */' j- '

[In Arnold's hand.] • .. . -■ ^ " •

[Endorsed,] - . , Estimate of Men to Man the Works at Wst Point, &c. Sep'r 1780. Estimate of the Number of Men necessary to Man the Works at West Point

and in the Vicinity.

., , Fort Arnold 620 /

Putnam 450

Wyllys 140

Webb _k_- ' 140. - '; ^'

Redoubt No. 1 . v 15C

ditto 2 150

ditto 3 . 120 ' \ */' j- '

ditto 4 . , ^ .' 100 . •

ditto 5 - ' ,-v. 139

ditto 6 ,'__ 110 .

ditto 7 . ' V- ~ - 78 ,' - /

North Redoubt ' _ ' 120

South Redoubt 130 • ^^ •

■" .;' Total 2438

Villepance, Engineer. N. B. The Artillery Men are not Included in the above Estimate.

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"The virulence and malice of Ai'nold's treachery are no where more manifest and delestable than in the following document. See how the archfiend exposes the weaknesses of the forts -- the ease with which they could be set on fire -- the facilities of approach-- the commanding heiglits and rising grounds, (fee. The whole too, an expose intended expressly for the British, and yet endorsed as if it had been a memoran Jum for his own private use a.jd fur Gjneral Washington.

"The virulence and malice of Ai'nold's treachery are no where more manifest and delestable than in the following document. See how the archfiend exposes the weaknesses of the forts -- the ease with which they could be set on fire -- the facilities of approach-- the commanding heiglits and rising grounds, (fee. The whole too, an expose intended expressly for the British, and yet endorsed as if it had been a memoran Jum for his own private use a.jd fur Gjneral Washington.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 221

No. 12. [In the traitor's own hand.] [Endorsed,] Remarks on Works at Wt. Point, a Copy to be transmitted to his Excell'y

General Washington. Sepr. 1T80.

Fort Arnold is built of Dry Fascines and Wood is in a ruinous condition, incompleat, and subject to take Fire from Shells or Canasses.

Fort Putnam, stone, wanting great repairs, the wall on the East side broke down, and rebuilding From the Foundation at the west and South side have been a Chevaux de Frise on the Wst side broke in many Places. The East side open, two Boom Proofs and Provision Magazine in the Fort, and slight Wooden Barrack. -- A. commanding piece of ground 500 yards West between the Fort and No. 4 -- or Rocky Hill. --

Fort Webb Built of Fascines and Wood, a slight Work very dry and liable to be set on fire as the approaches are very easy, without defences save a slight abathus.

Fort Wyllys built of stone 5 feet high the Work above plank filled with Earth the stone work 15 feet the Earth 9 feel thick. -- No Bomb Proofs, the Batteries without the Fort.

The East side open, two Boom Proofs and Provision Magazine in the Fort, and slight Wooden Barrack. -- A. commanding piece of ground 500 yards West between the Fort and No. 4 -- or Rocky Hill. --

Fort Webb Built of Fascines and Wood, a slight Work very dry and liable to be set on fire as the approaches are very easy, without defences save a slight abathus.

Fort Wyllys built of stone 5 feet high the Work above plank filled with Earth the stone work 15 feet the Earth 9 feel thick. -- No Bomb Proofs, the Batteries without the Fort.

Redoubt No. 1. On the south side wood 9 feet thick, the Wt. North and East sides 4 feet thick, no cannon in the works, a slight and single Abetters, no ditch or Pickett. Cannon on two Batteries. No Bomb Proofs.

Redoubt No. 2. The same as No. 1. No Bomb Proofs.

Redoubt No. 3, a slight Wood Work 3 Feet thick very Dry no Bomb Proofs, a single Abatters, the work easily set on fire -- no Cannon.

Redoubt No. 4 a Wooden work about 10 feet high and fore or five feet thick, the West side faced with a stone wall 8 feet high and four thick. No Bomb Proof, two six pounders, a slight Abatters, a Commanding piece of ground 500 yards Wt.

The North Redoubt on the East side built of stone 4 feet high, above the stone wood filled in with Earth, Yery Dry, no ditch, a Bomb Proof, three Batteries without the Fort, a poor Abatters, a Rising piece of ground 500 yards. So, the approaches Under Cover to within 20 yards. -- The Work easily fired with Faggots diptd in Pitch &c.

No Bomb Proof, two six pounders, a slight Abatters, a Commanding piece of ground 500 yards Wt.

The North Redoubt on the East side built of stone 4 feet high, above the stone wood filled in with Earth, Yery Dry, no ditch, a Bomb Proof, three Batteries without the Fort, a poor Abatters, a Rising piece of ground 500 yards. So, the approaches Under Cover to within 20 yards. -- The Work easily fired with Faggots diptd in Pitch &c.

South Redoubt much the same as the North a Commanding piece of ground 500 yards due East -- 3 Batteries without the Fort.

"The following document explains itself: --

No. 13. [In Arnold's hand-writing.] [Endorsed,]

Copy of a Council of War, held Sept. 6th, 1780. Ala Council of War, held in Camp Bergen County Sept. 6th, 1840.

222 HISTORY OF THE

Present -- the Commander-in-Chief.

The Commander-in-Chief states to the Council, that since he had the honor of laying before the General Officers, at Morristown, the Gth of June last, a general view of our circumstances, several important events have occurred, which have materially changed the prospects of the Campaign.

That the success expected from France, instead of coming out in one body, and producing a Naval Superiority in these Seas, has been divided into two Divisions, the first of which only consisting of seven ships of the line, one forty-four and three smaller Frigates, with five thousand land Forces, had arrived at Rhode Island.

That a Reinforcement of six ships of the line from England having reinforced the Enemy, had made their Naval Force in these seas amount to Nine Sail of the Line, Two Fifties two forty-fours, and a number of smaller Frigates, a Force completely superior to that of our Allies, and which has in consequence held them Blocked up in the harbor of Rhode Island till the 29th ult., at which Period the British Fleet disappeared, and no advice of them has since been received.

That a Reinforcement of six ships of the line from England having reinforced the Enemy, had made their Naval Force in these seas amount to Nine Sail of the Line, Two Fifties two forty-fours, and a number of smaller Frigates, a Force completely superior to that of our Allies, and which has in consequence held them Blocked up in the harbor of Rhode Island till the 29th ult., at which Period the British Fleet disappeared, and no advice of them has since been received.

That Accounts received by the Alliance Frigate, which left France in July, announces the Second Division to be Confined in Brest with several other Ships by a British Fleet of thirty-two Sail of the line, and a Fleet of the Allies of Thirty-six, or thirty-eight Ships of the lias ready to put to sea from Cadiz to relieve the Port of Brest.

That most of the States in their answers to the requisitions made of them, give the strongest assurances of doing every thing in their power to furnish the men and supplies required for the expected Co-operation. The effect of which, however, has been far short of our expectations, for not much above one-third of the Levies demanded for the Continental Battalions, nor above the Same proportion of Militia have been assembled, and the Supplies have been so inadequate that there was a necessity for dismissing all the Militia, whose immediate services could be dispensed with to lessen our Consumption, notwithstanding which the Troops now in the Field are severely suffering for want of Provision.

The effect of which, however, has been far short of our expectations, for not much above one-third of the Levies demanded for the Continental Battalions, nor above the Same proportion of Militia have been assembled, and the Supplies have been so inadequate that there was a necessity for dismissing all the Militia, whose immediate services could be dispensed with to lessen our Consumption, notwithstanding which the Troops now in the Field are severely suffering for want of Provision.

That the army at this Post and in the vicinity in opperating Force consists of 10,400 Continental Troops and about 400 Militia, besides which is a Regiment of Continental Troops of about 500 at Rhode Island left there for the assistance of our Allies, against any attempt of the Enemy that way, and two Connecticut State Regiments amounting to 800 at North Castle.

That the Times of Service for which the Levies are Engaged will expire the first of January which, if not replaced, allowing for the usual Casualties, will reduce the Continental Army to less than 6000 men.

That since the state to the Council above Referred to, the Enemy have brought a detachment of about 3000 men from Charles Town to New York, which makps the present opperating Force in this Quarter between Ten and Eleven Thousand men.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 223

That the Enemies Force now in the Southern States has not been lately ascertained by any distinct accounts, but the general supposes it cannot be less than 7,000 (of which about 2,000 are at Savannah) in this estimate the Diminution by the Casualties of the Climate, is supposed to be equal to the increase of Force derived from the Disaffected.

That since the state to the Council above Referred to, the Enemy have brought a detachment of about 3000 men from Charles Town to New York, which makps the present opperating Force in this Quarter between Ten and Eleven Thousand men.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 223

That the Enemies Force now in the Southern States has not been lately ascertained by any distinct accounts, but the general supposes it cannot be less than 7,000 (of which about 2,000 are at Savannah) in this estimate the Diminution by the Casualties of the Climate, is supposed to be equal to the increase of Force derived from the Disaffected.

That added to the loss of Charles Town and its Garrison accounts of a recent misfortune are just arrived from Major General Gates, giving advice of a general action which happened on the 16ih of August near Campden,in which the army under his Command met with a total defeat, and in all probability the whole of the Continental Troops, and a Considerable part of the Mihtia would be cut off.

That the State of \^irginia has been sometime exerting itself to raise a Body of 3000 Troops to serve till the end of December, 1781, but how far it has succeeded is not known.

That Maryland had Resolved to raise 2000 Men of which a sufficient number to compose one Battalion was to have come to this army. The remainder to recruit the Maryland line -- but in consequence of the late advices, an order has been sent to march the whole Southward.

That the State of \^irginia has been sometime exerting itself to raise a Body of 3000 Troops to serve till the end of December, 1781, but how far it has succeeded is not known.

That Maryland had Resolved to raise 2000 Men of which a sufficient number to compose one Battalion was to have come to this army. The remainder to recruit the Maryland line -- but in consequence of the late advices, an order has been sent to march the whole Southward.

That the Enemies Force in Canada, Halifax, St. Augustine, and at Penobscot, remains much the same as stated in the preceding Council.

That there is still reason to believe the Court of France will prosecute its Original intention of giving effectual succor to this Country, as soon as circumstances will permit ; and it is hoped the second Division will certainly arrive in the course of the fall.

That a Fleet greatly superior to that of the Enemy in the West Indies, and a formidable land Force had sailed sometime since from Martinique to make a Combined attack upon the Island of Jamaica, that there is a possibility of a reinforcement from this quarter also, to the Fleet of our Ally at Rhode Island.

The Commander-in-Chief having thus given the Council a full view of our present Situation and future prospects, requests the Opinicm of each Member, in writing, what plan it will be advisable to pursue, to what objects Our Attention ought to be directed in the course of this fall and winter, taking into consideration the alternative of having or not having a Naval Superiority, whether any Offensive operations can be immediately undertaken and against what Point, what ought to be our immediate Preparations and dispositions, particularly whether we can afford or ought to send any Reinforcements from this Army to the Southern States, and to what amount the General Requests to be favored with these opinions by the 10th Instant at farthest.

The Commander-in-Chief having thus given the Council a full view of our present Situation and future prospects, requests the Opinicm of each Member, in writing, what plan it will be advisable to pursue, to what objects Our Attention ought to be directed in the course of this fall and winter, taking into consideration the alternative of having or not having a Naval Superiority, whether any Offensive operations can be immediately undertaken and against what Point, what ought to be our immediate Preparations and dispositions, particularly whether we can afford or ought to send any Reinforcements from this Army to the Southern States, and to what amount the General Requests to be favored with these opinions by the 10th Instant at farthest.

" This concludes the famous " Andre Papers.'^ A more remarkable set of documents no man surely ever set foot on before.

224 HISTORY OF THE

The papers themselves look yellow, are much crumpled and worn, and bear evident marks of age."a

« # » ♦ ♦ » #

" Upon this we made him dress himself and I asked him what he would give us to let him go. He said he would give, us any sum of money. 1 asked him whither he would give us his horse, saddle, bridle, watch, and one hundred guineas. He said 'yes,' and told us he would direct them to any place, even if it was that very spot, so that we could get them. I asked him whither he would not give us more. He said he would give us any quantity of dry goods, or any sum of money, and bring it to any place that we might pitch upon, so that we might get it. Mr. Paulding answered, ' No, if you would give us two thousand guineas you should not stir one step.' I then asked the person who had called himself John Anderson, if he would not get away if it lay in his power.

He said he would give us any quantity of dry goods, or any sum of money, and bring it to any place that we might pitch upon, so that we might get it. Mr. Paulding answered, ' No, if you would give us two thousand guineas you should not stir one step.' I then asked the person who had called himself John Anderson, if he would not get away if it lay in his power. He answered, 'Yes, I would.' I told him, I did not intend he should. While taking him along, we asked him a few questions, and we stopped under a shade. He begged us not to ask in"m questions, and said when he came to any commander, he would reveal all. He was dressed in a blue overcoat and a tight body coat that was a kind of claret color, though a rather deeper red than claret. The button holes were laced wiih gold tinsel, and the buttons drawn over with the same kind of lace. He had on a round hat and nankeen waistcoat and breeches, with a flannel waistcoat and drawers, boots and thread stockings." According to John Yerks, the lower party were observed coming up the hill, Paulding^ leading the horse, upon which Andre was mounted. As they halted, Paulding exclaimed, " we have got a prisoner," and immediately ordered Andre to dismount. He then asked him for his watch.

» New York Herald, 1842.

b Paulding had effected his escape only three days previous from the New York Sugar House, in tlie dress of a German yager. General Van Cortlandt states that Paiilding wore this drees on the day of the capture, which tended to deceive Andre and led him to exclaim, in answer to their reply, " Thank God, I am once more among friends."

As they halted, Paulding exclaimed, " we have got a prisoner," and immediately ordered Andre to dismount. He then asked him for his watch.

» New York Herald, 1842.

b Paulding had effected his escape only three days previous from the New York Sugar House, in tlie dress of a German yager. General Van Cortlandt states that Paiilding wore this drees on the day of the capture, which tended to deceive Andre and led him to exclaim, in answer to their reply, " Thank God, I am once more among friends."

COUN IT OF WESTCHESTER. 22

4:io

at the same time w.irning him not to make any attempt at escape, for if he did, he was a dead man. After a short interval, Paulding (who appears to have been the master spirit upon this occasion,) ordered him to remount. They then led him off in the direction of North Castle, the nearest military post, where Lieut. Col. Jameson was stationed with a detachment of Sheldon's dragoons. The roads being carefully avoided, the party went with all speed across the fields, each taking their turns at the bridle, some marching on either side, the remainder bringing up the rear. During their progress to INorth Castle, the prisoner never spoke unless some question was asked, and then said but h"ttle in reply. On their route the party stopped for a short tim3 at Jacob Romers,a(in the vicinity of the present poor-house.) where the captors had taken breakfast that morning. Having forgot in their hurry the basket of provisions, Captain Romer was dispatched after it. During the absence of Romer, Andre was asked by the lady of the house, if he would take any thing to eat, his reply was truly descriptive of his bitter feelings, '' No, I thank you, I have no appetite to take anything." Upon the arrival of the basket, the party again resumed their march, and within a short time arrived at Northcastle.

Having forgot in their hurry the basket of provisions, Captain Romer was dispatched after it. During the absence of Romer, Andre was asked by the lady of the house, if he would take any thing to eat, his reply was truly descriptive of his bitter feelings, '' No, I thank you, I have no appetite to take anything." Upon the arrival of the basket, the party again resumed their march, and within a short time arrived at Northcastle. Here they delivered np their prisoner to Jameson, with all the papers that had been taken from his stockings. '^ The prisoner w^as confined here in a small cottage, at present attached to the barn of Mr. Sands. Further details concerning the spy will be found in the respective towns,c ' "

* Paulding, says Jacob Romer, came up in advance of the party and observed to me, " Be careful how you talk, I believe we have got an English officer."

b It is a curious fact mentioned by Sparks in his Biography of Arnold, that the last canto of Andre's humorous satire, called the " Cow-chase," was first printed on the very day of his capture. It will be found in Rivington's Royal Gazette fof Sept. 23, 1780. It ends with the following stanza.

'* And now I've closed my epic strain, I tremble as I show it, Lest this same warrior-drover, Wayne, Should ever catch the poet."

[Sparks' Biog. Arnold, 228. « See North Castle. S. Salem.

Vol. L 29

b It is a curious fact mentioned by Sparks in his Biography of Arnold, that the last canto of Andre's humorous satire, called the " Cow-chase," was first printed on the very day of his capture. It will be found in Rivington's Royal Gazette fof Sept. 23, 1780. It ends with the following stanza.

'* And now I've closed my epic strain, I tremble as I show it, Lest this same warrior-drover, Wayne, Should ever catch the poet."

[Sparks' Biog. Arnold, 228. « See North Castle. S. Salem.

Vol. L 29

226 HISTORY OF THE

Upon the delivery of their prisoner, the seven patriots returned to their different quarters, little imagining the importance of tlieir prize. A little more than a month afterwards, (General Washington having recommended the captors to Congress,) they received the following vote of thanks from that body.

In Congress, November 3, 1780.

Whereas Congress have received information that John Paulding, David Williams and Isaac van Wart, three young volunteer militia men of the State of New York, did, on the 23d day of September last, intercept Major John Andr-', adjutant general of the British army, on his return from the American lines in the character of a spy, and notwithstanding the large bribes offered them for his release, nobly disdaining to sacrifice their country for the sake of gold, sec ..red and conveyed him to the commarding officer of the district, whereby the dangerous and traitorous conspiracy of Benedict Arnold was brought to light, the insidious designs of the enemy baffled, and the United Slates rescued from impending danger :

Whereas Congress have received information that John Paulding, David Williams and Isaac van Wart, three young volunteer militia men of the State of New York, did, on the 23d day of September last, intercept Major John Andr-', adjutant general of the British army, on his return from the American lines in the character of a spy, and notwithstanding the large bribes offered them for his release, nobly disdaining to sacrifice their country for the sake of gold, sec ..red and conveyed him to the commarding officer of the district, whereby the dangerous and traitorous conspiracy of Benedict Arnold was brought to light, the insidious designs of the enemy baffled, and the United Slates rescued from impending danger :

Resolved, that Congress have a high sense of the virtuous and patriotic conduct (>f the said John Paulding, David Williams and Isaac van Wart. In testimony whereof, Ordered, that each of them receive annually out of the public treasury two hundred dollars in specie, or an equivalent in current money of these States, during life, and that the board of war procure for each of them a silver medal, on one side of which shall be a shield with this inscription " Fidelity," and on the other, the A)ll()wing motto" Yincit amor patriae," and forward them to the commander-in-chief, who is requested to present the same, with a copy of this resolution, and the thanks of Congress for their fidelity and the eminent service they have rendered their country.

The State also gave each a farn). ,

In testimony whereof, Ordered, that each of them receive annually out of the public treasury two hundred dollars in specie, or an equivalent in current money of these States, during life, and that the board of war procure for each of them a silver medal, on one side of which shall be a shield with this inscription " Fidelity," and on the other, the A)ll()wing motto" Yincit amor patriae," and forward them to the commander-in-chief, who is requested to present the same, with a copy of this resolution, and the thanks of Congress for their fidelity and the eminent service they have rendered their country.

The State also gave each a farn). ,

The Westchester Connty Bank, at Pcekskill. has commemorated this important event on its bills, by a beaniifiil vignette picture representing the arrest of the spy. He is in the act of snpplicalino[ his captors to let tiim escape, the discovered papers are in the hands of one of ih.em, and (he stern eyes of the others evince the determination to listen to no sngo:es!ions hut those of patiiolism. The form and features of Andre are admirably de picted, a miniature hangs in liis hosom exqui>itely finished. This was a likeness of Miss Honora to whom he was devotedly attached. a The picture had been painted by himself from the

» This lady died of consumption only a few months before Andre suffered at Tappan. She had married another gentlemen four years after her engagement to

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER; 227

He is in the act of snpplicalino[ his captors to let tiim escape, the discovered papers are in the hands of one of ih.em, and (he stern eyes of the others evince the determination to listen to no sngo:es!ions hut those of patiiolism. The form and features of Andre are admirably de picted, a miniature hangs in liis hosom exqui>itely finished. This was a likeness of Miss Honora to whom he was devotedly attached. a The picture had been painted by himself from the

» This lady died of consumption only a few months before Andre suffered at Tappan. She had married another gentlemen four years after her engagement to

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER; 227

living features of the object of his affections. In 1775, he was taken prisoner by General Montgomery, at St. Johns, Canada; a few months afterwards, in a letter to a friend, he observes, » I have b3en taken prisoner by the Americans, and stripped of every thing except the pictnre of Honora, which I concealed m my month. Preserving that, I think myself t^ortunate-''^. To this touching incident Anna Seward refers in her poem upon Andie.

^' Shade of my love 'Tis free ! These lips shall resolute enclose The precious souther of my ceaseless woes."

The above vignette suggested the following stanzas.

"Before their country's foe they stand, Each with a stern and searching eye ; Grasped with a firm and honest hand, The hostile records open lie ; They read, and as each- noble brow Wears the quiet shadow of resoh'e, The true and just exhibit now, The secret which they dared to solve.

^' Shade of my love 'Tis free ! These lips shall resolute enclose The precious souther of my ceaseless woes."

The above vignette suggested the following stanzas.

"Before their country's foe they stand, Each with a stern and searching eye ; Grasped with a firm and honest hand, The hostile records open lie ; They read, and as each- noble brow Wears the quiet shadow of resoh'e, The true and just exhibit now, The secret which they dared to solve.

Away with gold ! It has no power To turn the true heart from its quest ; The ordeal of this solemn hour Gives firmness to the patriot's breast; And as the tempter's art is tried, He finds each supplication vain ; The weary prisoner turns aside^ To hide his laboring bosom's pain.

Tumultuous thoughts upon his mind, In quick succession wildly crowd, As urged by the resistless wind. Spreads o'er the sky the tempest's cloud.

Andre, which had been dissolved by parental affection.-- [See J^etterg about th^ Hudson, published by Freeman &, Hunt, 1837. a See Sparks' Life of Arnold, p. 171.

228 HISTORY OF THE

Why bends his sad and languid glance Where, near his heart, that picture lieSf AfFection^s fond inheritance, With sunny smile and loving eyes t

Alas ! upon that face no more The eager gaze of hope can turnj The dream of early love is o'er, And ne'er again its fires will burn ; A shade is gathering o'er each tress, A gloom is lingering on the brow. And all its budding loveliness Is stained with tears of anguish now.

Why bends his sad and languid glance Where, near his heart, that picture lieSf AfFection^s fond inheritance, With sunny smile and loving eyes t

Alas ! upon that face no more The eager gaze of hope can turnj The dream of early love is o'er, And ne'er again its fires will burn ; A shade is gathering o'er each tress, A gloom is lingering on the brow. And all its budding loveliness Is stained with tears of anguish now.

Brave, yet devoted ! On thy head The bolt, by others forged, shall fall ; And history on thy name shall shed Of fate, the wormwood and the gall; Yet wert thou noble -- and thy soul The battle and the storm withstood, Till bending to a stern control, 'Twas by a traitor's lure subdued.

Peace to thy shade, ill-fated one ! Though in the abbey's lengthened aisle,*

* Memorial to Major John Andre in Westminster Abbey, England.

This is a neat monument in s'.atuary marble, composed of a sarcophagus, elevated on a pedestal, upon the panel of which is engraved the following inscription:

" Sacred to the memory of IMajor Andr^, who, raised by his merit, at an early period of life, to the rank of adjutant-general of the British forces in America, and employed in an important, but hazardous enterprise, fell a sacrifice to his zeal for his king and country, on the 2d of October, 1780, aged twenty-nine, universally beloved and esteemed by the army in which he served, and lamented even by his foes. His gracious sovereign, King George the Third, has caused this monument to be erected."

" Sacred to the memory of IMajor Andr^, who, raised by his merit, at an early period of life, to the rank of adjutant-general of the British forces in America, and employed in an important, but hazardous enterprise, fell a sacrifice to his zeal for his king and country, on the 2d of October, 1780, aged twenty-nine, universally beloved and esteemed by the army in which he served, and lamented even by his foes. His gracious sovereign, King George the Third, has caused this monument to be erected."

The remains of the said Major Andre were deposited, on the 28th of November, 1821, in a grave near his monument.

On the front of the sarcophagus, General Washington is represented in his tent, at the moment when he had received the report of the court-martial held on Major Andre ; at the same time a flag of truce arrived from the British army, with a letter for General Washington, to treat for the Major's life. But the fatal sentence being already passed, the flag was sent back without the hoped for clemency in his favor. Major Andre received his condemnation with that fortitude and resolution which had always marked his character, and is represented going', with unshaken

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 229

Scarce lit by day's meridian sun, Thy marble bust may sadly smile, Yet is there darkness on thy name, Though gentle pity mourns for thee, While patriots bless the holy flame. Which kept thy captor's spirit free. ■.s. ' . - [Westchester and Putnam Republican.

But the fatal sentence being already passed, the flag was sent back without the hoped for clemency in his favor. Major Andre received his condemnation with that fortitude and resolution which had always marked his character, and is represented going', with unshaken

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 229

Scarce lit by day's meridian sun, Thy marble bust may sadly smile, Yet is there darkness on thy name, Though gentle pity mourns for thee, While patriots bless the holy flame. Which kept thy captor's spirit free. ■.s. ' . - [Westchester and Putnam Republican.

A remarkable incident is said to have befallen the celebrated white wood tree near which the spy was captured. It was struck by lightning on the same day that the intelligence of General Arnold's death arrived at Tarrytown. This tree was a fine specimen of the ancient forest, being twenty-six feet in circumference, and its stem forty-one feet in length. At the present day not a vestige remains of " Major Andre's tree," as it was familiarly called. It is thus beantifully described by the author of the Sketch Book : " This tree towered like a giant above all the other trees of the neighborhoo 1, and formed a kind of landmark. Its limbs were knnrled and fantastic, large enough to form trunks for ordinary trees, twisting down almost to the earth, and rising again into the air. It v/as connected with the tragical story of the unfortunate Andre, who had been made prisoner hard by, and was universally known by the name of ' Major Andre's tree.' The common people regarded it with a mixture of respect and superstition, partly out of sympathy for the fate of its ill-starred namesake, and partly from the tales of strange sights, and doleful lamentations told concerning it." It was while passing beneath this whitewood tree that Ichabod Crane, in his midnight career toward Sleepy Hollow, "suddenly heard a groan, his teeth chattered, and his knees smote against the saddle.

It v/as connected with the tragical story of the unfortunate Andre, who had been made prisoner hard by, and was universally known by the name of ' Major Andre's tree.' The common people regarded it with a mixture of respect and superstition, partly out of sympathy for the fate of its ill-starred namesake, and partly from the tales of strange sights, and doleful lamentations told concerning it." It was while passing beneath this whitewood tree that Ichabod Crane, in his midnight career toward Sleepy Hollow, "suddenly heard a groan, his teeth chattered, and his knees smote against the saddle. It Avas but the rubbing of one huge branch upon another, as they were swayed about by the breeze. He passed the tree in safety, but new perils lay before him. About two hundred yards from the tree, a small brook crossed the road, and ran into a marshy and thickly u'ooded glen, known by the name of Wiley's Swamp.

spirit, to meet his doom. On the top of the sarcophagus, a figure of Britannia, reclining, laments the premature fate of so gallant an officer. The British lion, too, seems instinctivelv to mourn his untimely death.

230 HISTORY OF THE

A few rouo:h logs, laid side by side, served for a bridge over this stream. On that side of the road where the brook entered the wood, a group of oaks and chestnuts, matted thick with wild grape vines, threw a cavernous gloom over it. To pass this bridge was the severest trial. It was at tiiis identical spot that the unfortunate Andre was captured, and under the covert of those chestnuts and vines were the sturdy yeomen concealed who surprised him. This has ever since been considered a haunted stream, and fearful are the feelings of the schoolboy who has to pass it alone after dark."a

On that side of the road where the brook entered the wood, a group of oaks and chestnuts, matted thick with wild grape vines, threw a cavernous gloom over it. To pass this bridge was the severest trial. It was at tiiis identical spot that the unfortunate Andre was captured, and under the covert of those chestnuts and vines were the sturdy yeomen concealed who surprised him. This has ever since been considered a haunted stream, and fearful are the feelings of the schoolboy who has to pass it alone after dark."a

Beside the capture of Andre, there are several revolulionary incidents which deserve to be noticed in connection with Tarrytown. One of these was the surprisal qf a large corps of British refugees, which took place at the tavern of Ehzabeth van Tassel. Major Hunt, having received intelligence of the advance of this party, at once determined upon their surprisal, particularly as the late murderers of his brother were known to be among the number. In company, therefore, with John Archer, and a (e\v volunteers, Major Hunt proceeded from Westchester to. Tarry town, so arranging the march as to arrive in the vicinity of the tavern about dusk. After darkness had fairly set in. Hunt, with his party, surrounded the house: at this moment their unsuspecting enemies were engaged in playing cards. Major Hunt, having armed himself with a huge club, now gave the signal for attack, when the whole party simultaneously rushed in, headed by the Major, who exclaimed, as he raised his weapon, " Clubs are trumps, gentlemen." During the desperate struggle that ensued, Archer attempted to kill several of the refugees, and was only prevented from so doing by Major Hunt, who, arresting his arm, observed -- "Sir, the highest sense of honor in a soldier is to protect the lives of his prisoners." After a short but ineffectual resistance, the refugees surrendered, and were led off in triumph to the American quarters.

Major Hunt, having armed himself with a huge club, now gave the signal for attack, when the whole party simultaneously rushed in, headed by the Major, who exclaimed, as he raised his weapon, " Clubs are trumps, gentlemen." During the desperate struggle that ensued, Archer attempted to kill several of the refugees, and was only prevented from so doing by Major Hunt, who, arresting his arm, observed -- "Sir, the highest sense of honor in a soldier is to protect the lives of his prisoners." After a short but ineffectual resistance, the refugees surrendered, and were led off in triumph to the American quarters.

In the summer of 1779, a strong detachment iinder the command of Col. Emmerick advanced upon Tarrytown so rapidly, that the Continental guard quartered in Requa's house were com-

■ See Sketch Book, Beauties of Irving, tfcc &,c.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 231

pletely taken by surprise ; four of them were killed upon the spot, and the remainder, consisting of ten or twelve, taken prisoners. On this occasion Isaac Martlinoh,a a one armed man, and Polly Buckhout, were also killed ; the latter supposed accidentally, from the circumstance of her wearing a man's hat.

In the spring of 1782, a small party of refugees, under the command of Lieut. Akerly. captured tjiree American militiamen named Yerks, Van Wart, and Strong, near the residence of the present Gilbert Underhill, situated in Tarrytown. Strong was hung on the spot by his inhuman captor.

The following letter occurs in the book of Military Returns.^

On this occasion Isaac Martlinoh,a a one armed man, and Polly Buckhout, were also killed ; the latter supposed accidentally, from the circumstance of her wearing a man's hat.

In the spring of 1782, a small party of refugees, under the command of Lieut. Akerly. captured tjiree American militiamen named Yerks, Van Wart, and Strong, near the residence of the present Gilbert Underhill, situated in Tarrytown. Strong was hung on the spot by his inhuman captor.

The following letter occurs in the book of Military Returns.^

Philipsburgh, Oct. 23, 1775. Mr. William Paulding,

Sir,

I send you a list of the officers chosen in the manor of Philipsburgh, in the county of Westchester, in the room of those who decline.- - , >

■ ■ For Tarrytown.

' ' - ' Gload Requa, Capt.

Cornelius van Tassel, 2d Lieut. Siebout Acker, Ensign.

Upper Company. ' ' ' , .

Jf^gias Arsor, 2d Lieut. . " : . / ,

East Company. ' ^ ' '■ ,

Benj. Vermilyea, Capt. Gilbert Dean, first Lieut. , '

William Forshee, 2d Lieut. " ''•

a 1 he fullovving epitaph is inscribed upon this individual's grave stone in Sleepy Hollow churcii-yaid : --

T. M.

lu memory of Mr. Isaac Martungh,

who was inhumanly

slain by Nathaniel

Underhill, May 26,

A.D. \Ti^, in the 39th year of his age. b Military Returns, Alb. xxvi. 140.

232 HISTORY OF THE

We have likewise returned you the commission of those who decline.

George Comb, Joseph Young, James Hammond.

William Forshee, 2d Lieut. " ''•

a 1 he fullovving epitaph is inscribed upon this individual's grave stone in Sleepy Hollow churcii-yaid : --

T. M.

lu memory of Mr. Isaac Martungh,

who was inhumanly

slain by Nathaniel

Underhill, May 26,

A.D. \Ti^, in the 39th year of his age. b Military Returns, Alb. xxvi. 140.

232 HISTORY OF THE

We have likewise returned you the commission of those who decline.

George Comb, Joseph Young, James Hammond.

In 1776, the ccmmittee addressed the following letter to General Washington.

Saturday morning, July 13, 1776.

Sir:

On being informed 5'esterday afternoon, that two ships of war had gone into the North River, and passed by all the fortifications on York Island, the convention immediately sent an express to the commanding officer of the fort at the Highlands, advising him thereof. Last evening advice arrived that two frigates and two or three tenders were at anchor at Tarrytown, whereupon the convention sent the inhabitants a supply of powder and ball, and took immediate measures for reinforcing the inhabitants along that shore. This morning the convention were informed, that the frigates and tenders still lay there at anchor, and that several barges were busy in sounding the river; another detachment of the militia has been directed to guard the stores in that neighborhood, in which are sundry effects belonging to the public.

The convention will endeavor to prevent their making incursions into the country, and beg leave to suggest to your Excellency, the propriety of keeping a strong guard at King's bridge, the destruction of which they apprehend tobe an object with the enemy. ^

This morning the convention were informed, that the frigates and tenders still lay there at anchor, and that several barges were busy in sounding the river; another detachment of the militia has been directed to guard the stores in that neighborhood, in which are sundry effects belonging to the public.

The convention will endeavor to prevent their making incursions into the country, and beg leave to suggest to your Excellency, the propriety of keeping a strong guard at King's bridge, the destruction of which they apprehend tobe an object with the enemy. ^

I have the honor to be with esteem,

Your Excellency's most obedient servant, by order

To his Excellency Gen, Washington.

July 16th, 1776. A letter from Colonel Hammond then stationed at Tarrytown, was read.

The Colonel therein informs the convention, that the ships of war have left that harbor, and are sailing up the river with a fair wind, towards the Highlands. Thereupon it was resolved, that Colonel Van Cortlandt and Mr. Z. Piatt^ be directed to repair immediately to the Highlands. '^

» Jour. N. Y. Pro. Cou Book I. 523.

t- A distinguished ofEcer of the American service, grandfather of Lewis C. Plait, Esq., present surrogate of the county. • Journal N. Y. Pro. Con. Book I. 525.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

Upon the 9(h of October, 1778, a body of 1100 British troops embarked on board batleaux at Peekskill and the same night proceeded to Tarrytown, where they landed at daybreak, and occupied the heights adjoining.*

» Jour. N. Y. Pro. Cou Book I. 523.

t- A distinguished ofEcer of the American service, grandfather of Lewis C. Plait, Esq., present surrogate of the county. • Journal N. Y. Pro. Con. Book I. 525.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

Upon the 9(h of October, 1778, a body of 1100 British troops embarked on board batleaux at Peekskill and the same night proceeded to Tarrytown, where they landed at daybreak, and occupied the heights adjoining.*

Jnly 15th, 1781, ( remarks Thatcher, in his Military Journal,) two of the British frigates, and several smaller vessels, passed up the North River as far as Tarrytown, in defiance of our cannon, which were continually playing on them. Their object appears to be, to seize some of our small vessels which are passing down the river with supplies for our army.

One small sloop loaded with bread for the French army, has fallen into their hands.''^

Greeiiburgh is a small hamlet situated three miles south east of Tarrytown, consisting of a church, a store, a few scattered houses, and one tavern.

This place is delightfully located in the Saw mill valley, through which flows the lovely Nepera, (Saw mill.)

Upon the west side of the valley, towers Beaver hill, frowning in solemn majesty on the quiet scene below.

Presbyterian Church, and Tomb of Isaac van Wai t.

■• Gaines' Weekly Mercury, b Thatcher's Journal, 258.

Vol. I.

234 HISTORY OF THE

The Presbyterian Church of Greenburgh, (situated on the east bank of the Saw mill) was first organized about the year 1790, under tlie ministry of the Rev. John Townley. This individual labored here for about twelve years, after which time he removed to Somers, and subsequently to Peekskill.^'

Upon the west side of the valley, towers Beaver hill, frowning in solemn majesty on the quiet scene below.

Presbyterian Church, and Tomb of Isaac van Wai t.

■• Gaines' Weekly Mercury, b Thatcher's Journal, 258.

Vol. I.

234 HISTORY OF THE

The Presbyterian Church of Greenburgh, (situated on the east bank of the Saw mill) was first organized about the year 1790, under tlie ministry of the Rev. John Townley. This individual labored here for about twelve years, after which time he removed to Somers, and subsequently to Peekskill.^'

Upon the departure of Mr. Townley, services were performed here, by the Rev. Thomas G. Smith, pastor of the Dutch Reformed Church of Tarrytown and Unionville.

Mr. Smith was succeeded by the late Rev. George Bourne^ who served the churches of Greenburgh, and Dobb's Ferry, with great acceptance.

During this period, the church was connected with the old Westchester Presbytery, a congregational body, long since extinct. Upon the 12th of June, 1825, it was received into union with the First Presbytery of New York, and reorganized. It is at present connected with the Bedford Presbytery. This church appears to have been first incorporated upon the 25th of April, 1790, on which occasion, John Martine, Elijah Tompkins, Archer Read, Thomas Almond, and Abraham Odell were elected trustees."'^

LIST OF MINISTERS OF THE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH AT GREENBURGH.c

Instal or call. Ministers. Vacated by.

Ministers C 1790, Rev. John Townley, resig.

under the J 1802, Rev. Thomas G. Smith, supply, resig.

Westchester ' 1820, Rev. George Bourne, resig.

It is at present connected with the Bedford Presbytery. This church appears to have been first incorporated upon the 25th of April, 1790, on which occasion, John Martine, Elijah Tompkins, Archer Read, Thomas Almond, and Abraham Odell were elected trustees."'^

LIST OF MINISTERS OF THE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH AT GREENBURGH.c

Instal or call. Ministers. Vacated by.

Ministers C 1790, Rev. John Townley, resig.

under the J 1802, Rev. Thomas G. Smith, supply, resig.

Westchester ' 1820, Rev. George Bourne, resig.

Presbytery, [^ 1825, Rev. David Remington, resig.

Sept. 19, 1826, Rev. Chester Long, resig.

Dec. 1, 1832, Rev. Mark Mead, resig.

1834, Rev. John AVhite, resig.

» The Rev. John Townley died March 1st, 1812, aged 72 years. His remains and those of his wife and daughter, are interred in the burying ground attached to this church.

I Religious Soc. Co. Rec Lib. A. 22, a second incorporation occurs 17 May, 1808 ; a fourth, Cth of June, 1835.

c The ministers of this church have for a long time officiated alternately between the two churclies of Greenburgh and While Plains.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 235

, 1835, Rev. Hosea Ball, resig.

July 16, 1838, Rev. George Walker, resig.

Oct. 9, 1841, Rev. Samuel Kellogg, resig.

June 10, 1843, Rev. Elias S. Schenck. present minister.

First elders of the church, Archibald Reid, George Combs and Staats Hammond. First deacons, William Brown and Isaac iSee.

CHURCH MEMORANDA.

A. D. 1836, Communicants, 97 ; Baptisms, 2. A. D. 1847, ditto, 65.

In the cemetery of the Presbyterian Church rest the remains of Isaac Van Wart, one of the three captors of Major John Andre. A marble monument consisting of a base and pyramid is inscribed on its four sides, with the following epitaph :

First elders of the church, Archibald Reid, George Combs and Staats Hammond. First deacons, William Brown and Isaac iSee.

CHURCH MEMORANDA.

A. D. 1836, Communicants, 97 ; Baptisms, 2. A. D. 1847, ditto, 65.

In the cemetery of the Presbyterian Church rest the remains of Isaac Van Wart, one of the three captors of Major John Andre. A marble monument consisting of a base and pyramid is inscribed on its four sides, with the following epitaph :

(North side.)

Here reposes the mortal remains

of

Isaac Van Wart,

an elder in the Greenburgh Church,'

who died

on the 23d of Ma}^ 1828,

in the

69th year of his age.

Having lived the life, he died the death, of the

Christian. ^' ' . '

(South side.)

The Citizens

of the

County of Westchester

erected this tomb

in testimony of the high sense

they entertained for the virtuous and patriotic conduct

a Isaac van Wart was for many years an efficient church officer, and acted as chorister up to the time of his death.

236 HISTORY OF THE

of their fellow citizen,

as a memorial sacred lo

public gratitude.

(Upon the east side.)

Vincit Amor Patriae.

Nearly half a century

before this monument was built,

the conscript fathers of America

had in the senate chamber voted that

Isaac Van Wart,

was a faithful patriot, one in whom

the love of country was invincible,

and this tomb bears testimony

that the record is true.

(West side.)

Fidelity. -- On the 23d of September, 1780, Isaac van Wart, accompanied by John Paulding and- David Williams, all farmers of the County of Westchester, intercepted Major Andre, on his return from the American lines, in the character of a spy, and, notwithstanding the large bribes offered them for his release, nobly disdained to sacrifice their country for gold, secured and carried him to the commanding officer of the district, whereby the dangerous and 'traitorous conspiracy of Arnold was brought to light, the insidious designs of the enemy baffled, the American army saved, and our beloved country free," &c.

Fidelity. -- On the 23d of September, 1780, Isaac van Wart, accompanied by John Paulding and- David Williams, all farmers of the County of Westchester, intercepted Major Andre, on his return from the American lines, in the character of a spy, and, notwithstanding the large bribes offered them for his release, nobly disdained to sacrifice their country for gold, secured and carried him to the commanding officer of the district, whereby the dangerous and 'traitorous conspiracy of Arnold was brought to light, the insidious designs of the enemy baffled, the American army saved, and our beloved country free," &c.

We extract the following from the Westchester Herald, on occasion of raising this monument, June 11, 1829 :

On Thursday last, being the day appointed by the committee of arrangements for the ceremony of erecting a monument to the memory of the late Isaac van Wart, one of the captors of the British spy Andr^, a large concourse of our feHow citizens assembled at the spot where repose the remains of the departed patriot, at the burial place of the Presbyterian church, on the east bank of the Saw Mill River, in Greenburgh. The day was very fine and pleasant, and by 12 o'clock, there was supposed to be present upwards of two thousand spectators, who had convened to participate in the last respects to the memory of their esteemed fellow citizen ; among whom were to be seen a few of the aged and venerable men who had passed through the scenes and perils of the revolution. About 12 o'clock, a procession was formed under the direction of Major John Sing, marshal of the day, the whole in the inverse order of their rank : --

The day was very fine and pleasant, and by 12 o'clock, there was supposed to be present upwards of two thousand spectators, who had convened to participate in the last respects to the memory of their esteemed fellow citizen ; among whom were to be seen a few of the aged and venerable men who had passed through the scenes and perils of the revolution. About 12 o'clock, a procession was formed under the direction of Major John Sing, marshal of the day, the whole in the inverse order of their rank : --

1st. Captain Denslow's company Light Infantry of the 12th regiment, with the band attached to that regiment, and the first regiment of Light Infantry formed the military escort on the left. The left in front.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 237

Sd. The officers and non-commissioned officers of the 15ih brigade.

3d. Captain Warner's company of cavalry on foot.

4th. Citizens of the county.

5th. Mr. F. Kain, the architect, and his workmen, with their implements to complete the work.

6th. The invited guests.

7lh. The clergy of the county.

8lh and last, the surviving officers and soldiers of the Revokition, the committee of arrangements and General William Hammond and suite.

The column was marched in this inverse order to solemn music with arms reversed, until arrived at the church yard, when the procession opened to the right and left, fronting inward. The officers and soldiers presenting arms. The officers and soldiers of the Revolution preceded by General Philip van Cortlandt, now the senior surviving officer of the continental army. These passed through the line, conducted by General Hammond and suite, and the marshal of the day, to the place reserved for them on the right of the monument, and the whole procession having passed through in this order, the military escort formed a square about the whole in the church yard.

The officers and soldiers presenting arms. The officers and soldiers of the Revolution preceded by General Philip van Cortlandt, now the senior surviving officer of the continental army. These passed through the line, conducted by General Hammond and suite, and the marshal of the day, to the place reserved for them on the right of the monument, and the whole procession having passed through in this order, the military escort formed a square about the whole in the church yard. At this spot, the column was met by a large procession of the ladies of the county, under the direction of S. Simpson Esq., who acted as assistant marshal of the day, issuing from the church, at the head of which supported upon the arm of a friend, was the venerable widow of the deceased, followed by his surviving sister, also supported, and next came the female children and grand children of the deceased, a goodly number, after whom, followed a large train of matrons and misses, amountino^ to four or five hundred in number. The whole of this interesting group having assembled within the yard and about the monument. The Rev. David Remington pastor of the church to which the deceased belonged, addressed the throne of Grace, in a very solemn and appropriate manner, after which, Colonel Ward^ the orator of the day was conducted to the platform prepared for the occasion, where he delivered the following address. (It was afterwards published at the request of the committee of arrangements.)

The whole of this interesting group having assembled within the yard and about the monument. The Rev. David Remington pastor of the church to which the deceased belonged, addressed the throne of Grace, in a very solemn and appropriate manner, after which, Colonel Ward^ the orator of the day was conducted to the platform prepared for the occasion, where he delivered the following address. (It was afterwards published at the request of the committee of arrangements.)

Friends ! Fellow citizens !

and Soldiers ! \ ' ' . • ^ ^.

We have assembled on an interesting occasion, a solemn, not a melancholy one. We have come to this spot, to discharge a part of our duty, to one who has paid the debt of nature, to bring with us, as it were, each a stone from our quarries, fitted and prepared to build a monumental pile to a departed patriot, one who fell not in the hour of battle, contending for our liberties, but who lived to see our country prosperous and happy, delivered from all her troubles,

The present General Aaron Ward, of Sing Sing.

238 HISTORY OF THE

and then gathered like a shock of corn ripe for the harvest. It might be asked, if insensible dust and ashes can be benefitted by monumental honors ? No I But it is the duty of the living to make and preserve memorials of the virtuous and distinguished dead ; for these memorials contain lessons of instruction that are constantly before our eyes.

The present General Aaron Ward, of Sing Sing.

238 HISTORY OF THE

and then gathered like a shock of corn ripe for the harvest. It might be asked, if insensible dust and ashes can be benefitted by monumental honors ? No I But it is the duty of the living to make and preserve memorials of the virtuous and distinguished dead ; for these memorials contain lessons of instruction that are constantly before our eyes.

The man to whose memory we are now erecting a tomb stone, was one of us, a citizen of Westchester county ; his name requires no lineal honors, no armorial bearings, to make it dear and precious with us. We knew him and that was sufficient, but for those who did not know him personally, (for his circle of acquaintance was not a large one,) we put his fame on his character as a patriot, and it gives me pleasure to state that he lived and died a christian. For his patriotism, it is enough to say, that Isaac van Wart was one of the captors of Andre. For proofs of his exemplary life, and for his firm belief in our holy religion, to you my friends I appeal as witnesses. Some of you have known him in the noonday and evening of life, have heard him breathe the patriot's prayer, " 0 God save my country," have seen his practical examples of virtuous conduct, his piety, his devotion, and his humble submission to the will of Heaven.

For his patriotism, it is enough to say, that Isaac van Wart was one of the captors of Andre. For proofs of his exemplary life, and for his firm belief in our holy religion, to you my friends I appeal as witnesses. Some of you have known him in the noonday and evening of life, have heard him breathe the patriot's prayer, " 0 God save my country," have seen his practical examples of virtuous conduct, his piety, his devotion, and his humble submission to the will of Heaven.

The capture of Andre, fellow citizens, formed an important epoch in the history of our Revolution. This event took place on the morning of the 23d oj Sept., 1780, and what is well worthy of observation, within three miles of the spot where we are now assembled, and within a few miles of the place where the man, to whose perishable remains we are now paying the last tribute of respect, w^as born, brought up and died. It 03curred too, at a period when our country was in the deepest distress. It will be recollected, that Charleston, South Carolina, had then but recently been taken by the enemy, with the loss of our whole army, under the command of General Lincoln, amouhting to upwards of five thousand men, together with all the magazines of military and naval stores, the shipping in the harbor, and four hundred pieces of ordnance. General Gates had also been defeated at Camden in North Carolina, seven hundred of our troops having been killed in battle, and one thousand three hundred wounded and made prisoners, and the whole of his forces routed and dispersed. The eastern states had likewise been overrun by the enemy, with fire and sword. And to add to the general gloom which now overspread the United States, the small army that was left, was reduced to the greatest distress and misery ; and, nothing, it is believed, but the wisdom and prudence of the immortal Washington, could have kept it together ; for, in the language of a committee appointed by Congress to visit it, the soldiers were unpaid for months together, seldom having more than six days provision in advance ; and on several occasions for several successive days, entirely without meat.

And to add to the general gloom which now overspread the United States, the small army that was left, was reduced to the greatest distress and misery ; and, nothing, it is believed, but the wisdom and prudence of the immortal Washington, could have kept it together ; for, in the language of a committee appointed by Congress to visit it, the soldiers were unpaid for months together, seldom having more than six days provision in advance ; and on several occasions for several successive days, entirely without meat. The medical department having no supplies whatever, for the sick, and every department of the army being alike without money, and not even the shadow of credit left." Discontent to an alarming extent, at the same time among the

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 239

officers and soldiers, on account of the depreciated currency of llie country. The pay of a private for a year, would not subsist his family for a single week nor would the pay of an officer procure forage, or even oats for his horse.

And in addition to these evils which fell so heavily upon the army, others not less deplorable, had, by reason of the embarrassed slate of the country, fallen upon the community at large. For the aged and infirm, who had retired to enjoy the fruits of their industry, found their subsistence reduced to a scanty pittance, and the widow and the orphan were obliged to accept a dollar where hundreds were their due.

At this moment when all was dark, our hopes for a successful termination of the war well nigh gone, when the east and the south were in gloom and doubt, and fear which "betrays like treason," was setting on many an honest face, Major Andrd was sent from the British army, whose general then wished to finish the war at a blow, to tamper with the low principles of Benedict Arnold, and by the strength of bribery and corruption, to pluck up his shallow rooted patriotism at once.

At this moment when all was dark, our hopes for a successful termination of the war well nigh gone, when the east and the south were in gloom and doubt, and fear which "betrays like treason," was setting on many an honest face, Major Andrd was sent from the British army, whose general then wished to finish the war at a blow, to tamper with the low principles of Benedict Arnold, and by the strength of bribery and corruption, to pluck up his shallow rooted patriotism at once. The treason had so far prospered, that the delivery of West Point and the army there stationed, was agreed upon. The plan to effect the purpose was drawn up ; nay, more, the victims of deceit and slaughter, were marked out, perfidy and destruction had sharpened their daggers for the march, when it pleased Divine Providence to make three of our fellow citizens instruments in His hand for good.

They arrested the spy on his return to the camp. On this event, perhaps, hung the destinies of our country ; if not that, certainly the lives of thousands, and long years of war were involved in it. The spy was taken, and conducted to the lines of the American army : the immeasurable power of gold was tried upon Van Wart and his associates -- it would not do ; rewards beyond their knowledge of wealth were offered them, if they would give up their prisoner, but ofFered them in vain. Their virtues, to the honor of human nature -- to the honor of republican principles -- to the honor of our country, stood the test -- nobly stood it.. The spy was tried, and expiated his offence against the laws of nations by his death, and our country was saved.

The spy was taken, and conducted to the lines of the American army : the immeasurable power of gold was tried upon Van Wart and his associates -- it would not do ; rewards beyond their knowledge of wealth were offered them, if they would give up their prisoner, but ofFered them in vain. Their virtues, to the honor of human nature -- to the honor of republican principles -- to the honor of our country, stood the test -- nobly stood it.. The spy was tried, and expiated his offence against the laws of nations by his death, and our country was saved.

During the whole of this excitement, so momentous and alarming, we have to thank God that our country w^as stained by one act of treason only ; and to alleviate our grief and mortification for this act, we have to offer the incorruptible integrity of three militiamen in the common walks of life, (where virtue always resides,) in whose breasts all ordinary springs of action were absorbed by the love of liberty, and whose enthusiastic ardor in the cause was regulated and guided by prudence and firmness ; and we have it to say too, that if one proud, envious, canker-hearted general had his price, our soldiers were above purchase ! -- that if treason found its way to the stronghold and the citadel, it was in the end crushed at the outposts. To commemorate this event, that posterity should not lose sight of it -- that future ages should understand it by full and satisfactory proof -- that our countrymen know how to respect and value patriotism as well as to practice it -- that they were as ready to

During the whole of this excitement, so momentous and alarming, we have to thank God that our country w^as stained by one act of treason only ; and to alleviate our grief and mortification for this act, we have to offer the incorruptible integrity of three militiamen in the common walks of life, (where virtue always resides,) in whose breasts all ordinary springs of action were absorbed by the love of liberty, and whose enthusiastic ardor in the cause was regulated and guided by prudence and firmness ; and we have it to say too, that if one proud, envious, canker-hearted general had his price, our soldiers were above purchase ! -- that if treason found its way to the stronghold and the citadel, it was in the end crushed at the outposts. To commemorate this event, that posterity should not lose sight of it -- that future ages should understand it by full and satisfactory proof -- that our countrymen know how to respect and value patriotism as well as to practice it -- that they were as ready to

2i0 HISTORY OF THE

render justice to the merits of a private soldier, as (o the officer highest in rank -- and to show, too, that our Revolution was achieved by principles of the highest order, we have assembled to erect this monument. Such an act is in conformity with the usages of the wisest of nations in every period of history, and, whenever neglected, has been a source of censure and regret ; such an act is in conformity with the habits of our own country, for it is consonant to a sense of gratitude in every bosom. Monuments are now rising to the heroes of the Revolution in every part of the United States. Montgomery, Warren, De Kalb and others, are now remembered by a grateful people, and on the banks of our majestic Hudson has lately been placed a tasteful monument to the great and good Kosciusko, who dispensed honors and rewards for the freedom of rnan.

Such an act is in conformity with the usages of the wisest of nations in every period of history, and, whenever neglected, has been a source of censure and regret ; such an act is in conformity with the habits of our own country, for it is consonant to a sense of gratitude in every bosom. Monuments are now rising to the heroes of the Revolution in every part of the United States. Montgomery, Warren, De Kalb and others, are now remembered by a grateful people, and on the banks of our majestic Hudson has lately been placed a tasteful monument to the great and good Kosciusko, who dispensed honors and rewards for the freedom of rnan. This last tribute of respect has sprung from the purest of all sources -- from the bosoms of the youthful soldiers of our national military school, whose pursuits lead them to search history, and to canvass every military character for models of the patriot soldier.

The time, fellow citizens, is fast coming, when the actors in our revolutionary scenes will live but in the remembrance of the few, and in the annals of our country ; more or less of their number are daily passing to their eternal rest. Within a few days past, the citizens of this county and of this nation were called to mourn the loss of one of the most distinguished members of that valiant band -- the great, the illustrious John Jay, the American Fabricius : and even while I am speaking, there are only here and there one of the men of that age to be seen, and he, with whitened locks and solemn demeanor, standing on the confines of eternity, and taking, as it were, a farewell of us and of all the present generation.^

Within a few days past, the citizens of this county and of this nation were called to mourn the loss of one of the most distinguished members of that valiant band -- the great, the illustrious John Jay, the American Fabricius : and even while I am speaking, there are only here and there one of the men of that age to be seen, and he, with whitened locks and solemn demeanor, standing on the confines of eternity, and taking, as it were, a farewell of us and of all the present generation.^

Illustrious relics of a patriotic age ! ye shall not be forgotten when you shall have passed away. Monuments shall arise to your fame, written over with the story of your deeds. You have lifted your warning voices to us to be virtuous and united, and they shall be heard ; your principles shall not be lost -- your examples shall have their influence -- your very monuments shall have a tongue that shall never be silent in teaching us how to live and how to die. The virtuous deeds of one generation are monuments for the next, and so onward in the procession of ages. We know that our country is yet in its youth, and is still forming its habits and fixing its principles ; and I thank God, that among her best habits is that of cherishing the memory of her benefactors. The deed that we are now doing, my friends, in gratitude and modesty, is not to be done for this day alone. In some distant period, when the traveller shall inquire of our descendants, " Whose monument is this ]" they shall answer, with pleasure and pride, " This is the grave of Isaac van Wart, who was an incorruptible patriot and a good Christian.

We know that our country is yet in its youth, and is still forming its habits and fixing its principles ; and I thank God, that among her best habits is that of cherishing the memory of her benefactors. The deed that we are now doing, my friends, in gratitude and modesty, is not to be done for this day alone. In some distant period, when the traveller shall inquire of our descendants, " Whose monument is this ]" they shall answer, with pleasure and pride, " This is the grave of Isaac van Wart, who was an incorruptible patriot and a good Christian. He lived with our ancestors, and was one of them, and they appreciated his services ; and to perpetuate his memory, erected this tomb stone, and gave it in charge to us to keep it from profanation. Nearly half a century before this monument was built, the Con-

'■" The late General Philip van Cortlandt.

COUNTY OF WE^STCHESTER. 241

script Fathers of America had, in the senate chamber, voted he was a faithful patriot, one in whom the love of country was invincible -- and this monument bears testimony that the record is true.

Mr. Francis Kain then gave the finishing stroke to the monument, after which the military escort divided into three sections ; each division fired one round. The procession was again formed by the marshal in the same order as before. The officers and soldiers of the Revolution, on the right, passed the line, the same honors being paid to them by the military ; and the whole returned to the house of Mr. E. Mead, from whence they had started."

Francis Kain then gave the finishing stroke to the monument, after which the military escort divided into three sections ; each division fired one round. The procession was again formed by the marshal in the same order as before. The officers and soldiers of the Revolution, on the right, passed the line, the same honors being paid to them by the military ; and the whole returned to the house of Mr. E. Mead, from whence they had started."

During the Ainericaii war, this section of the neutral ground was frequently harassed by incursions of the enemy.

On one occasion a large body of British Cow-boys (who had been up the country in prosecution of their trade) were returning, laden with spoil, when they received a severe check in the vicinity of Smith's tavern, from a small force of American volunteers. The attack is said to have been commenced by an individual named John Dean. The neighborhood, alarmed by the firing, immediately turned out to his assistance.

November 17th, 1777, the British, under Captain Emmerick, made an excursion from their quarters to the Saw Mill Valley, and completely surprised the Van Tassels, who were residina: near Captain Romer's, burnt their houses, " stripped the women and children of necessary apparel to cover them from the severity of a cold winter's night," and led off, in triumph, the two brothers, Peter and Corneliiis van Tassel.*

In retaliation for this inhuman outrage, the patriots fitted up an expedition at Tarrytowii, under the command of Abraham Marllingh, which proceeded down the Hudson River, passed the enemy's guard boats in safety, and succeeded in setting fire to General Oliver de l^ancey's house on New York island, after plundering it of its contents. The whole party returned to Tarrytovvn in safety. This enterprise was conducted in the very face of the British army.

November 17th, 1777, the British, under Captain Emmerick, made an excursion from their quarters to the Saw Mill Valley, and completely surprised the Van Tassels, who were residina: near Captain Romer's, burnt their houses, " stripped the women and children of necessary apparel to cover them from the severity of a cold winter's night," and led off, in triumph, the two brothers, Peter and Corneliiis van Tassel.*

In retaliation for this inhuman outrage, the patriots fitted up an expedition at Tarrytowii, under the command of Abraham Marllingh, which proceeded down the Hudson River, passed the enemy's guard boats in safety, and succeeded in setting fire to General Oliver de l^ancey's house on New York island, after plundering it of its contents. The whole party returned to Tarrytovvn in safety. This enterprise was conducted in the very face of the British army.

Three young lads named Vincent, Smith, and Lawrence, were overtaken by a party of Totten's refugee corps a little south of Rowland's mill ; two were killed on thes pot, Vincent recovered

"" See Gen. Parson's Letter, Mamaroneck.

Vol. I. 31

2.42 HISTORY OF THE

irom his wounds, but remained a cripple for life. Major David Hunt of the continental army afterwards conveyed him to Paulus Hook where he was noticed by several members of Congress who subsequently obtained a pension for the suflerer. This is said to liave been the first pension granted by the United States' government.

A short distance south of the hamlet of Greenburgh is situated the residence of Samuel Howland, Esq. It is embosomed in trees, and stands on the west bank of the Saw Mill river, in its rear rise bold and majestic hills covered with luxuriant woods. The building itself is a very handsome structure of wood, in the modern style. The river arrested by the mill dam, forms in front of the house an extensive sheet of water which adds greatly to the beauty of this romantic spot.

A short distance south of the hamlet of Greenburgh is situated the residence of Samuel Howland, Esq. It is embosomed in trees, and stands on the west bank of the Saw Mill river, in its rear rise bold and majestic hills covered with luxuriant woods. The building itself is a very handsome structure of wood, in the modern style. The river arrested by the mill dam, forms in front of the house an extensive sheet of water which adds greatly to the beauty of this romantic spot.

The former possessors of the estate were the Odells, who in 1816, sold the property to Joseph Howland, Esq., father of the present proprietor.

Chatterton height, the battle field of 1776, lies on the northeast corner of this town. AVe have reserved a description of the battle for the town of White Plains, with which place it is generally associated, although more properly belonging to Greenburg.

The Chatterton family, from whom the hill derives its name, have been long residents in the town of Greenburg. A member of this family was settled on the hill as early as 1731. A. D. 3 750, we fii]d Michael Chatterton purchasing land6 in the vicinity, of David and Nathan Purdy.

Chatterton bridge which crosses the Bronx at the foot of the hill was first erected in 1736. Cornelius Chatterton, one of the earliest magistrates of Eastchester was an ancestor of this family.

Hart's Corners, formerly Barnes' Corners, is another small hamlet in Greenburg, situated about three miles south of White Plains, in a fine valley, tlie neighborhood of which is rendered extremely beautiful by the inequality of the ground and surrounding scenery. The settlement is composed of one church, several dwellings and stores. The Bronx River Powder Manufactory, and Railroad depot adjoin it on the east.

Cornelius Chatterton, one of the earliest magistrates of Eastchester was an ancestor of this family.

Hart's Corners, formerly Barnes' Corners, is another small hamlet in Greenburg, situated about three miles south of White Plains, in a fine valley, tlie neighborhood of which is rendered extremely beautiful by the inequality of the ground and surrounding scenery. The settlement is composed of one church, several dwellings and stores. The Bronx River Powder Manufactory, and Railroad depot adjoin it on the east. This place derives its name from John Hart, who purchased the property of the commissioners in 1784,

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 243

The Methodist.church ; stands on the summit of the high ridge west of the hamlet, it was erected A. D. 1832.a The burying ground Ues near the Raihoad.

A fine line of hills extend south from Hart's Corners to the foot of Thirty Deer ridge in Yonkers, watered on the east and west by the two branches of the Spraine, called by the Indians Armenperal. These hills were formerly so covered with thick woods as to be almost impassable, and abounded in deer, wolves, bears, wild-cats, and rattle snakes. Deer were numerous as late as 1760.

One of the earliest settlers of the place was John Tompkins of Eastchester, who purchased a large tract upon these hills in 173 L For some time after this purchase, Mr. Tompkins was in the constant practice of spending the week here, and returning to his family on a Saturday. During the whole of this period he was surrounded by Indians, but they never once offered to molest him. A small hill to the south-east of the present Mr. John Tompkins, still bears the name of Indian hill, and the adjoining spring is called the Indian spring. Two descendants of the original proprietor, John and James Tompkins, yet occupy a large portion of the estate.

Tompkins was in the constant practice of spending the week here, and returning to his family on a Saturday. During the whole of this period he was surrounded by Indians, but they never once offered to molest him. A small hill to the south-east of the present Mr. John Tompkins, still bears the name of Indian hill, and the adjoining spring is called the Indian spring. Two descendants of the original proprietor, John and James Tompkins, yet occupy a large portion of the estate.

A little west of the Methodist church at Hart's Corners stands the residence of Jackson Odell, son of the distinguished Colonel John Odell. This gentleman, during the early part of the Revolution served in the capacity of a guide to the American army, and subsequently received a colonel's commission from Congress. He was the second son of Jonathan Odell, Esq., by his wife^Iargaret Dyckman, and descended from a common ancestor with the late General Jacob Odell of Yonkers. Col. Odell died 26ih October, 1835.

At one period of the war the house was occupied as headquarters by the French commander. Count de Rochambeau, General Washington having encamped on the west bank of the Spraine. On several occasions large tables were arranged for the

» For incorporation of this church see Religious Soc. Lib., B. 7 ; first trustees, Underhill Tompkins, Ste-phen Leviness, Gilbert Tompkins, Joseph Forster, Joha Cxawford, and Elijah Tompkins.

244 HISTORY OF THE

military staffs of Generals Washington and Rochambeaii in the adjoining stables, the mangers serving as a repository for their hats and swords.

Count de Rochambeau, General Washington having encamped on the west bank of the Spraine. On several occasions large tables were arranged for the

» For incorporation of this church see Religious Soc. Lib., B. 7 ; first trustees, Underhill Tompkins, Ste-phen Leviness, Gilbert Tompkins, Joseph Forster, Joha Cxawford, and Elijah Tompkins.

244 HISTORY OF THE

military staffs of Generals Washington and Rochambeaii in the adjoining stables, the mangers serving as a repository for their hats and swords.

Mrs. Churchill, daughter of Mr. Taylor, former proprietor of the place, remembers to have danced with the celebrated Marshal Berthier, at that time one of the aides of the Count de Rochambe.iu in the parlor of the present mansion.

The summits of the Greenburgh hills command a variety of beautiful prospects, in which long reaches of the East River, Bronx valley and Scarsdale, form the principal features. In the south east corner of Greenburgh is situated Greenville, where there is a Dutch Reformed Church, and a iew scattered dwellings.

The Dutch Church of this place was first organized in 1842, under the pastoral charge of the Rev. V^. M. Hulbert of Yonkers, and incorporated on the 3d of December, 1842, by the title of the " Minister, Elders and Deacons of the Reformed Protestant Dutch Church of Greenville, in the town of Greenburgh." First elders, John Dusenberry and Charles Dusenberry ; first deacons, Ichabod Saiith and Benjamin Carpenter.'^ Mr. Hulbert, was succeeded by the Rev. Abel T. Stewart, present minister.

« CHURCH MEMORANDA.

The Dutch Church of this place was first organized in 1842, under the pastoral charge of the Rev. V^. M. Hulbert of Yonkers, and incorporated on the 3d of December, 1842, by the title of the " Minister, Elders and Deacons of the Reformed Protestant Dutch Church of Greenville, in the town of Greenburgh." First elders, John Dusenberry and Charles Dusenberry ; first deacons, Ichabod Saiith and Benjamin Carpenter.'^ Mr. Hulbert, was succeeded by the Rev. Abel T. Stewart, present minister.

« CHURCH MEMORANDA.

1847, communicants 21, baptisms 5.

"The township of Greenburgh is situated 27 miles north of New York, 135 south of Albany, and 5 miles west of White Plains ; bounded north by Mount Pleasant, east by White Plains and Scarsdale, south by Yonkers, and west by the Hudson. Saw Mill creek, (Nepera,) runs south on the west part, Bronx creek, (Acjnehung,) along the east line, and there are some branches also which supply mill seats."t»

The general surface of this town is hilly, but not mountainous. It is richly and beautifully interspersed with hills, valleys and streams of water. The hills are most of them good and suitable for cultivation. The soil in general is gravelly clay, and sandy loam, producing all kinds of fruit and grass in plenty.

» Religious .Soc. Co. Rec, Lib. B. 79. * Spafford's Gazetteer.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 245

There are some valuable quarries on the banks of the Hudson, that yield great quantities of beautiful building stones. The forests are principally of oak, chesnut, hickory, ash and walnut.

The hills are most of them good and suitable for cultivation. The soil in general is gravelly clay, and sandy loam, producing all kinds of fruit and grass in plenty.

» Religious .Soc. Co. Rec, Lib. B. 79. * Spafford's Gazetteer.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 245

There are some valuable quarries on the banks of the Hudson, that yield great quantities of beautiful building stones. The forests are principally of oak, chesnut, hickory, ash and walnut.

Among the mineral productions may be mentioned the Dolomitic marble, which occurs in various places ; also several localities of feldspar, especially in the vicinity of Tarrytown.

246 HISTORY OF THE

HARRISON.

Harrison, sometimes called the purchase and Harrison's precinct,^ is situated 3 miles east of the village of White Plains, distant 30 miles from New York, and 134 miles from Albany; bounded northerly by North Castle, east and southerly by Rye, west by Mamaroneck, \Yhite Plains and North Castle. Its length north and south is about nine miles, and its medial width near three miles, but like most of the other towns in this county, its form is irregular, having no right lines for its boundaries. The present township was organized 7th of March, 1788. ^

The tirst proprietor of this land of whom anything is known, was Shanasockwell or Shanarocke, sagamore of Poningoe, who, with other Indians in 1661 conveyed to John Budd of Southhold, Long Island ; " one neck of land lying on the mayne called Apawammeis, (Budds neck, Rye,) also range, feeding and grasse for cattle, twenty English miles into the country ^^ Under this purchase the inhabitants of Rye subsequently claimed the whole territory, a demand which the province of New York refused to sanction.

The tirst proprietor of this land of whom anything is known, was Shanasockwell or Shanarocke, sagamore of Poningoe, who, with other Indians in 1661 conveyed to John Budd of Southhold, Long Island ; " one neck of land lying on the mayne called Apawammeis, (Budds neck, Rye,) also range, feeding and grasse for cattle, twenty English miles into the country ^^ Under this purchase the inhabitants of Rye subsequently claimed the whole territory, a demand which the province of New York refused to sanction.

From Shanasockwell, the territory north of Westchester path, (including the above mentioned range for cattle,) appears to have passed into the possession of Pathunck or Pathung, Indian sachem, for upon the first of February, 1695, we find the latter conveying the present township to John Harrison, in the following manner :

"This indenture, made the 24th day of January, and in the seventh year of the reign of William the Third of England, Scotland, France and Ireland,

* Prior to 1775, Harrison constituted one of the six prec'ncts of Rye parish.

f' Revised Statutes.

•= See Rye, for Budd's purchase.

COUNTY OF WESTCHE^STER. 247

King, Defender of the Faith, &c. &c., and in the year of our Lord God 1695, witnesseth, that I, underwritten Pathungo, the true owner and proprietor of a certain part or parcel of land situate, lying, and being in the county of Westchester, and province of New York, by these presents, further manifested to Christian people, to whom this deed of conveyance may any ways concern : Know ye that I, the said Pathungo, the true owner and proprietor of the above named tract or parcel of land, upon good reasons and consideration moving hereunto, but more especially for a valuable consideration of jC40 current money in hand paid before the ensealing of these presents, hath granted, bargained, made over, confirmed and sold, and do by these presents grant, bargain, make over and confirm, and fully, freely, and thereby, unto John Harrison, of Flushing, in Queens county, on Nassau Island, in the province aforesaid, all that aforesaid tract or parcel of land aforesaid, being butted and bounded, as followeth -- that is to say, westwardly upon a certain river, commonly called and known by the name of Mamarranack River, and so stretching eastwardly to a certain brook called by the name of Blind Brook, southwardly by the lands of John Budd, as appears by certain marked trees, near unto Westchester old road, and northwardly to certain ponds called by the name of Rye Ponds, together with all rights, members, jurisdictions, ways, commodities, advantages, together with all meadows, woods, underwoods, liberties, franchises, privileges, and singular appurteuunces to the said tract or parcel of land belonging or in any ways appertaining, to have and to hold the said tract or parcel of land, according to the butts and bounds above mentioned, and recited to the only proper use or uses of him, the said John Harrison, his heirs and assigns forever, and the said Pathungo, for himself, his heirs, successors, and assigns, that at the time of the signing and ensealing of these presents, hath full power and lawful authority the land and premises to sell and confirm, and that the same is truly acquitted and discharged, and sufficiently saved and kept harmless of and from all manner of former bargains, sales, grants, or any other incumbrances whatsoever, had made, done, or sufiered to be done by the said Pathungo, his heirs, successors, or assigns, or any other person or persons whatsoever, by, from, or under him, Christian or Indian, whereby the said John Harrison, his heirs or assigns, shall or may be annoyed or ejected out of the possession thereof; and the said Pathungo, for himself, his heirs, successors, and assigns, all the said tract or parcel of land, with every part and parcel thereof, unto the above said John Harrison, his heirs, executors, administrators and assigns, against all manner of Indians, shall and will warrant, and forever defend, by these presents.

King, Defender of the Faith, &c. &c., and in the year of our Lord God 1695, witnesseth, that I, underwritten Pathungo, the true owner and proprietor of a certain part or parcel of land situate, lying, and being in the county of Westchester, and province of New York, by these presents, further manifested to Christian people, to whom this deed of conveyance may any ways concern : Know ye that I, the said Pathungo, the true owner and proprietor of the above named tract or parcel of land, upon good reasons and consideration moving hereunto, but more especially for a valuable consideration of jC40 current money in hand paid before the ensealing of these presents, hath granted, bargained, made over, confirmed and sold, and do by these presents grant, bargain, make over and confirm, and fully, freely, and thereby, unto John Harrison, of Flushing, in Queens county, on Nassau Island, in the province aforesaid, all that aforesaid tract or parcel of land aforesaid, being butted and bounded, as followeth -- that is to say, westwardly upon a certain river, commonly called and known by the name of Mamarranack River, and so stretching eastwardly to a certain brook called by the name of Blind Brook, southwardly by the lands of John Budd, as appears by certain marked trees, near unto Westchester old road, and northwardly to certain ponds called by the name of Rye Ponds, together with all rights, members, jurisdictions, ways, commodities, advantages, together with all meadows, woods, underwoods, liberties, franchises, privileges, and singular appurteuunces to the said tract or parcel of land belonging or in any ways appertaining, to have and to hold the said tract or parcel of land, according to the butts and bounds above mentioned, and recited to the only proper use or uses of him, the said John Harrison, his heirs and assigns forever, and the said Pathungo, for himself, his heirs, successors, and assigns, that at the time of the signing and ensealing of these presents, hath full power and lawful authority the land and premises to sell and confirm, and that the same is truly acquitted and discharged, and sufficiently saved and kept harmless of and from all manner of former bargains, sales, grants, or any other incumbrances whatsoever, had made, done, or sufiered to be done by the said Pathungo, his heirs, successors, or assigns, or any other person or persons whatsoever, by, from, or under him, Christian or Indian, whereby the said John Harrison, his heirs or assigns, shall or may be annoyed or ejected out of the possession thereof; and the said Pathungo, for himself, his heirs, successors, and assigns, all the said tract or parcel of land, with every part and parcel thereof, unto the above said John Harrison, his heirs, executors, administrators and assigns, against all manner of Indians, shall and will warrant, and forever defend, by these presents.

In witness whereof, the said Pathungo hath set his hand and seal this day and year first above written.

Pathungo, his ICT marke.

Signed, sealed, and delivered in the presence of us, (Jharles "] Morgan, his

marke, Nicolas Haight and James Clement. Moreover, before signing and

sealing hereof, the said Pathungo doth reserve, liberty for his use, such ivnitewood trees as shall be found suitable to make canoes of. These may certify

248 HISTORY OF THE

any whom it may concern, that on the first day of February, 1695-6, appeared before me, Thomas Willett, Esq., one of his Majesties' justices for the province of New York, Pathungo, the within mentioned Indian who did then and there acknowledge the within conveyance or deed of sale to be bis free and voluntary act and deed, as witness my hand. Thomas Willet.

This may certify whom it may concern, that we Indians, whose names are now underwritten, do own to have received full satisfaction of the within mentioned John Harrison for all the within mentioned tract of land beirfg butted and bounded as within specified. As witness hereof, we have hereunto set our hands and seals this 15th day of February, in the year of our Lord God 1695-6.

Betty Pathungo, 3 her mark, Pathungo Wappatoe, Pi his mark, Elias Jozes Pathungo Askarame, q her mark, Chrishoam Pathungo, S her marke, Porige, § his marke, Elaas Arowash, Arawask's wife, Hannah >- her mark, Ingen. Signed, sealed and delivered in presence of James Mott, Samuel Palmer, Joseph Horton, the marke of '<^ Akabaska.^

As witness hereof, we have hereunto set our hands and seals this 15th day of February, in the year of our Lord God 1695-6.

Betty Pathungo, 3 her mark, Pathungo Wappatoe, Pi his mark, Elias Jozes Pathungo Askarame, q her mark, Chrishoam Pathungo, S her marke, Porige, § his marke, Elaas Arowash, Arawask's wife, Hannah >- her mark, Ingen. Signed, sealed and delivered in presence of James Mott, Samuel Palmer, Joseph Horton, the marke of '<^ Akabaska.^

The wliitsw^ood trees referred to in the above deed by the sachem Pathungo, are the Liriodendron tnlipifera of Linnaeus, from the trunk of which the Indians manufactured their canoes; hence it was commonly called by them " canoe wood."

" Whoever (remarks Mr. Downing) has once seen the tulip tree in a situation where the soil was favorable to its free growth, can never forget it ; with a clean trunk, straigiit as a column for forty or fifty feet, surmounted by a fine ample summit of rich green foliage. It is, in our estimation, decidedly the most stately tree in North America. When standing alone, and encouraged in its lateral growth, it will indeed often produce a lower head, but it.s tendency is lo rise; and it only exhibits itself in all its stateliness and majesty, when, supported on such a noble columnar trunk, it towers far above the heads of its neighbors of the park or forest. Even when at its loftiest elevation, its large specious blossoms, which, from their form, one of our poets has likened to a cljalice --

When standing alone, and encouraged in its lateral growth, it will indeed often produce a lower head, but it.s tendency is lo rise; and it only exhibits itself in all its stateliness and majesty, when, supported on such a noble columnar trunk, it towers far above the heads of its neighbors of the park or forest. Even when at its loftiest elevation, its large specious blossoms, which, from their form, one of our poets has likened to a cljalice --

Through the verdant maize

The tulip tree Its golden chalice oil triumphantly displays --

Pickering.

• Indian deeds warrant of survey, Albany Rec. Lib. i. 4.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 249

jilt out from amid the tufted canopy in the month of June, and glow in richtiess and beauty. This tree was introduced into Enghind about 1G68, and is now, we are informed, to be found in ahp.ost every o:entlemnn's park on the continent of Europe, so highly is it estimated as an ornamental tree of tfie first chiss.''*

We hope tliat the numerous specimens of this noble tree yet standing in Westchester county may i3e sacredly preserved from the barbarous infliciion of the axe, which has heretofore dispoiled without mercy so many of our majestic forest trees.

The next notice of tlie purchase occurs in the following warrant for its survey, A. D. 1695-6.

By his Excellency the Governor in Council, i^'c. -- You are hereby required to survey and lay out, for John Harrison, a certain tract of land in Westchester county which he hath purchased by virtue of a license, b^arius: date the second day of August last past, bounded to the south by the trees of Mr. Budd's purchase, west by Mamaroneck river, easlwardly by Blind brook, and north by Kyepond, and this shall be to you a sufficient warrant.

By his Excellency the Governor in Council, i^'c. -- You are hereby required to survey and lay out, for John Harrison, a certain tract of land in Westchester county which he hath purchased by virtue of a license, b^arius: date the second day of August last past, bounded to the south by the trees of Mr. Budd's purchase, west by Mamaroneck river, easlwardly by Blind brook, and north by Kyepond, and this shall be to you a sufficient warrant.

' Benjamin Fletclier to Anthony Graham, Surveyor General, by order of Council.

Upon the 2.5lh of June, 1696, the Indian purchase was confirmed by letters patent under the great seal, to William Nicolls, John Harrison and others in the following manner. . ■ . •-..

William the Third, by the grace of God, King of England, Scotland, France and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, to all to whom these presents shall come, sendeih greeting : Whereas our loving su!)jects William Nicolls, Esq., Captain Ebenezer Williams, David Jameson, John Harrison, and Samuel Haight have by their petition, presented to our trusty and well beloved Benjamin Fletcher, our Captain General and Governor-in-ohief of our province of New York and territories depending thereon in America, and prayed our grant and confirmation of a certain tract of land in our county of Westchester, beginning at a certain white oak tree marked with three notches, standing at the east side of Mamaroneck river, and thence by marked trees, as it runs south sixiy-five degrees and thirty minutes, eastwardly fifty-six chains to a black oak tree and the marked trees of Joseph Budd's pnrchase.

William the Third, by the grace of God, King of England, Scotland, France and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, to all to whom these presents shall come, sendeih greeting : Whereas our loving su!)jects William Nicolls, Esq., Captain Ebenezer Williams, David Jameson, John Harrison, and Samuel Haight have by their petition, presented to our trusty and well beloved Benjamin Fletcher, our Captain General and Governor-in-ohief of our province of New York and territories depending thereon in America, and prayed our grant and confirmation of a certain tract of land in our county of Westchester, beginning at a certain white oak tree marked with three notches, standing at the east side of Mamaroneck river, and thence by marked trees, as it runs south sixiy-five degrees and thirty minutes, eastwardly fifty-six chains to a black oak tree and the marked trees of Joseph Budd's pnrchase.

* Dow^ning's Landscape Gardening, p. 197,8, 9- There is a fine specimen of this noble tree on the property of Elbert Roosevelt, Esq , Pelham.

Vol, I. 33

250 HISTORY OF THE

standing near Westchester path, marked with three notches, and thence hy the marked irees of JosP|>h Biuid's purchase stand-ing near Westchester path aforesaid, lo an elm tree on the west side of Blind brook, and a white ash on the east side of the said brook, marked with three notches, and thence by the east side of the said brook, to the head thereof to a chesnut tree marked with three notches and the letters E. W. and H. ; thence south lo a white wood tree, and thence by marked trees west to Ryeponds ; thence including the said Rveponds, south to the head of Mamaroneck river, which runs on the west side of Brown's I'oint, and thence by Mamaroneck river and the east bounds of Richbell's patent to the place where it began, bounded west by Blind brook and vacant lands, north by vacant lands, west by Mamaroneck river, and souih by Budd and Jonas W. ('oryan's purchase, which reasonable request we being willing to grant, Know ye, of our special grace, certain knowledge and mere motion, we have given, granted ratified and confirmed, &c., &c., and by these presents do for us, our heirs and successors, give, grant, ratify and confirm unto our said sovereign subjects, William Nicolls, Ebenezer Williams, David Jameson, John Harrison, and Samuel Haighi, all the aforesaid certain tract of land within our said county of Westchester, and within the limits and bounds aforesaid together with all and singular the woods, underwoods, trees, timber, feedings, pastures, meadows, marshes, swamps, ponds, pools, \Aaters, water-courses, rivers, rivulets, brooks, streams, fishing, hawking, fowling, hunting, and all other profits, benefits, privileges, liberties, advantufjes, hereditaments and appurtenances whatsoever to the aforesaid recited certain tract of land, wiiliin the limits and bounds aforementioned l)felonging or in any ways appertaining, to have and to hold all the aforesaid certain tract of land, together with all and singular the woods, underwoods, trees, timber, feedings, pastures, meadows, marshes, swamps, ponds, pools, waters, water-courses, rivers, rivulets, runs, brooks, streams, fishing, fowling, hunting, hawking, and also other profits, benefits, privileges, liberties, advantages, hereditaments, appurtenances whatsoever, to the aforementioned certain tract or tracts of land within the parts and bounds aforesaid belon^nng or in any ways appertaining unto ihem, the said William Nicolls, lObenezer Williams, David Jameson, John Harrison and Samuel Haight, their heirs an J assigns, to the only proper use, benefit and behoof of them, the said William Nicolls, Ebenezer Williams, David Jameson, John Harrison and Samuel Haight, their heirs and assigns forever, without any let, hindrance, or molestation, or right to be had or reserved upon pretence of joint tenancy, or survivorship, any thing contained in this our grant lo the contrary or anywise notwithstanding, to be holden of us, our heirs and successors, in free and common soccage as of our manor of East Greenwich, in our county of Kent, within the realm of England, yielding, rendering and paying therefor yearly and every year, unto us, our heirs and successors, the annual and yearly rent of twenty shillings current money of our said province, at our city of New York, on the Feast day of the Annunciation of our Blessed Virgin Mary, in lieu and stead of all other rents, dues, duties, services and demands

W. and H. ; thence south lo a white wood tree, and thence by marked trees west to Ryeponds ; thence including the said Rveponds, south to the head of Mamaroneck river, which runs on the west side of Brown's I'oint, and thence by Mamaroneck river and the east bounds of Richbell's patent to the place where it began, bounded west by Blind brook and vacant lands, north by vacant lands, west by Mamaroneck river, and souih by Budd and Jonas W. ('oryan's purchase, which reasonable request we being willing to grant, Know ye, of our special grace, certain knowledge and mere motion, we have given, granted ratified and confirmed, &c., &c., and by these presents do for us, our heirs and successors, give, grant, ratify and confirm unto our said sovereign subjects, William Nicolls, Ebenezer Williams, David Jameson, John Harrison, and Samuel Haighi, all the aforesaid certain tract of land within our said county of Westchester, and within the limits and bounds aforesaid together with all and singular the woods, underwoods, trees, timber, feedings, pastures, meadows, marshes, swamps, ponds, pools, \Aaters, water-courses, rivers, rivulets, brooks, streams, fishing, hawking, fowling, hunting, and all other profits, benefits, privileges, liberties, advantufjes, hereditaments and appurtenances whatsoever to the aforesaid recited certain tract of land, wiiliin the limits and bounds aforementioned l)felonging or in any ways appertaining, to have and to hold all the aforesaid certain tract of land, together with all and singular the woods, underwoods, trees, timber, feedings, pastures, meadows, marshes, swamps, ponds, pools, waters, water-courses, rivers, rivulets, runs, brooks, streams, fishing, fowling, hunting, hawking, and also other profits, benefits, privileges, liberties, advantages, hereditaments, appurtenances whatsoever, to the aforementioned certain tract or tracts of land within the parts and bounds aforesaid belon^nng or in any ways appertaining unto ihem, the said William Nicolls, lObenezer Williams, David Jameson, John Harrison and Samuel Haight, their heirs an J assigns, to the only proper use, benefit and behoof of them, the said William Nicolls, Ebenezer Williams, David Jameson, John Harrison and Samuel Haight, their heirs and assigns forever, without any let, hindrance, or molestation, or right to be had or reserved upon pretence of joint tenancy, or survivorship, any thing contained in this our grant lo the contrary or anywise notwithstanding, to be holden of us, our heirs and successors, in free and common soccage as of our manor of East Greenwich, in our county of Kent, within the realm of England, yielding, rendering and paying therefor yearly and every year, unto us, our heirs and successors, the annual and yearly rent of twenty shillings current money of our said province, at our city of New York, on the Feast day of the Annunciation of our Blessed Virgin Mary, in lieu and stead of all other rents, dues, duties, services and demands

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 251

whatsoever. In testimony whereof, we have caused the great seal of our said province to be hereunto afFised ; \viines5 our trusty and well-beloved Benjamin Fletcher, our Captain-general and (ravernor-in-chief of our province of New York and territories anfl tracts of land depending thereon in America, and Vice-admiral of the same, our Lieutenant and Commander-in-chief of the militia of the forces by sea and land within our colony of Connecticut, and of all the forts and places of strength within the same. At our fort of New Y^ork the 25ih day of June, in the eighth year of our reign, Anno Domini 1696, by his Excellency's command.*

David Jameson.

Entered upon record in the Book of Patents beginning in 1695, by warrant from his Excellency.

Little is left on record relative to the Harrison family, who have given name to this township. In 1655, John Harrison appears to have been a freeholder of Newtown, Long Island. ^ This individual was the father of John Harrison, the above meiiiioned patentee, also of Samuel Harrison. The latter left two daughters, co-heiresses. Hannah, the oldest, married Joshua Cornell, father of the present Jolin Cornell of North Castle, and Sarah, who married Gilbert Palmer. « The descendants of Samuel Haightd (another of the patentees) are also very numerous in the county, likewise the Williamses.

In 17d0 occurs a deed of sale from James de Lancey and Lev\'is Johnston to Godfrey Haines of Rve, which recites Caleb Heathcote's purchase in a certain patent granted to John Harrison and others. Caleb Healhcote appears to have purchased 200 acres from David Jameson the patentee in \7\2.^

Hannah, the oldest, married Joshua Cornell, father of the present Jolin Cornell of North Castle, and Sarah, who married Gilbert Palmer. « The descendants of Samuel Haightd (another of the patentees) are also very numerous in the county, likewise the Williamses.

In 17d0 occurs a deed of sale from James de Lancey and Lev\'is Johnston to Godfrey Haines of Rve, which recites Caleb Heathcote's purchase in a certain patent granted to John Harrison and others. Caleb Healhcote appears to have purchased 200 acres from David Jameson the patentee in \7\2.^

The Crom wells were possessed of estates in this township at a very early j)eriod. The old latnily place is sitr.ated on the southeast side of Rye pond, on the road leading from the purchase to

a Alb. Ren. Book of Patents, No. vii, 36, 37, 33. The original document is in the possession of Andrew Carpenter of Harrison. The Albany Records say 5th of June, 1695, and Capt. Ebenezer Nelson for Williams.

b Jolin Harrison of Boston, freeman of that place in 1644, had a son John, born in 1652 -- F<irmpr''s Register.

c The fatlier of John Palmer.

d Samuel Haight appears to have been a resident freeholder of Flushino- iu 1684,

6 Co. Rec, hb. C. 260.

-^'

252 HISTORY OF THE

North Ciistle.a The several branches of the Cromwell family in America chiiiii descent from the same parent stock ns that of the PiOlector Ohver Cromweli. It is presumed timt the ancestor of the American lino was Col. John Cromwell, son of Sir Oliver Cromwell, and brother of the protector.

c The fatlier of John Palmer.

d Samuel Haight appears to have been a resident freeholder of Flushino- iu 1684,

6 Co. Rec, hb. C. 260.

-^'

252 HISTORY OF THE

North Ciistle.a The several branches of the Cromwell family in America chiiiii descent from the same parent stock ns that of the PiOlector Ohver Cromweli. It is presumed timt the ancestor of the American lino was Col. John Cromwell, son of Sir Oliver Cromwell, and brother of the protector.

Tiie following notice of Col. John Cromwell occurs in Noble's life of the ])rotector.

"This gentleman was early in the army. In 1624 he went over as a captain in ihe first regiment of foot in the forces sent over by King James I. for the recovery of the palatinate ; after this he was a colonel of an English regiment in the service of the United States. Happening to be in England whilst his sovereign, Kit)g Cliarles I., was a prisoner to the parliament army, and hearing his relation, Oliver, (afterwards lord protector) say, 'I think the king the most injured prince in the world,' and putling his hand to his sword, continued, -but this shall right him,' supposed that his zeal was real, and therefore expressed himself satisfied that it was impossible for him to go those lengths which many others wished to go. For these reasons when that unfortunate, misguided monarch was (afier a pretended trial) condemned to die, and the Prince of Orange taking vast jiains to save him, or at least to stay the execution, sent over such relations of the leading men in the army as ihey thought could influence them, applied to this gentleman, he very readily undertook the task with the greatest expectation of succeeding in so desirable a business; wherefore taking credential letters from the Slates; with letters, with the King's and Piince of Wales' signet, and both confirmed by the States, offering Oliver his own terms in case he would prevent the fatal sentence from being carried into execution, lie hastened to England.

For these reasons when that unfortunate, misguided monarch was (afier a pretended trial) condemned to die, and the Prince of Orange taking vast jiains to save him, or at least to stay the execution, sent over such relations of the leading men in the army as ihey thought could influence them, applied to this gentleman, he very readily undertook the task with the greatest expectation of succeeding in so desirable a business; wherefore taking credential letters from the Slates; with letters, with the King's and Piince of Wales' signet, and both confirmed by the States, offering Oliver his own terms in case he would prevent the fatal sentence from being carried into execution, lie hastened to England. He found his cousin Oliver, the lieutenant general, at home. It was with difficulty he gained admittance, as he kept his chamber and ordered himself to be denied. Upon his introduction to Oliver, after the usual compliments between relations, he began to mention the horrid crime intended to be committed, and after a very

» This family have conferred tl)eir name upon a small brook in the vicinity of Bye pond.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 253

free harrangue upon its atrocity, the indelible stain it would be to thenniion, and in wliat a light it was bthel 1 upon the continent, added, 'that, of all men living, he thou2:ht he would never have had any hand Id it, who, in his hearing, had protested so much to the King.' Oliver replied, it was not hinij but the army ; and though he did once say such words, yet now times were altered, and Providence seemed to order things otherwise, adding that he had prayed and fasted for the King but no return that way was yet made to him. Upon which the colonel stepped a little back and hastily shut the door, which made Oliver suppose he was going to be assassinated ; but the other, taking out his papers, said to him, 'Cou-in, this is no time to trifle with words, see here, it is now in your own power not only to make yourself, but your family, relations, and posterity happy and honorable for ever ; otherwise, as they have changed their name before, from Williams to Cromwell, so now they must be forced to change it again, for this act will bring such an ignominy upon the whole o-eneration of them that no lime will be able to deface.' After a pause Oliver said, 'Cousin, I desire you will give me till night to consider it, and do you go to your own inn and not to bed till you hear from me.'

Upon which the colonel stepped a little back and hastily shut the door, which made Oliver suppose he was going to be assassinated ; but the other, taking out his papers, said to him, 'Cou-in, this is no time to trifle with words, see here, it is now in your own power not only to make yourself, but your family, relations, and posterity happy and honorable for ever ; otherwise, as they have changed their name before, from Williams to Cromwell, so now they must be forced to change it again, for this act will bring such an ignominy upon the whole o-eneration of them that no lime will be able to deface.' After a pause Oliver said, 'Cousin, I desire you will give me till night to consider it, and do you go to your own inn and not to bed till you hear from me.'

"The colonel retired, and at one o'clock in the morning he received a message that he might go to rest and expect iio other answer lo carry to the prince, tor the council of otiicers had been seeking God, as he had also done, and it was resolved by them all that the king must die. With this unhappy messnge he returned into Holland again, where he continued in thai service for many years, perhaps during the remainder of his life. By a letter dated Nov. ^|, 1653, from Jongeshall to William, Earl of Nassau, it appears that Col. John Cromwell was then in Holhuid. Through the ill behavior of his wife Abigail, he was from the most afliuent circumstances reduced to the brink of ruin, i^y his wife (continues Noble,) Col, Cro.nwell had a daughter Joan, baptized September 23, 1634, and perhaps other chili rcn,"^ In 16S6 we find John Cromwell'^ of the town of W^estchester

By a letter dated Nov. ^|, 1653, from Jongeshall to William, Earl of Nassau, it appears that Col. John Cromwell was then in Holhuid. Through the ill behavior of his wife Abigail, he was from the most afliuent circumstances reduced to the brink of ruin, i^y his wife (continues Noble,) Col, Cro.nwell had a daughter Joan, baptized September 23, 1634, and perhaps other chili rcn,"^ In 16S6 we find John Cromwell'^ of the town of W^estchester

a Noble's Life of Oliver Cromwell, vol. i. 534-8.

b John Cromwell (.the supposed son of Col. John,) is s:iid to have emigrated from Holland during the time the Dutch held the province.

254 HISTORY OF THE

and Mary his wife, selling lands to Thomas Hunt, sen., of the West Farms. These lands v/ere situated upon Long Neck, afterwards known as CromweU's Neck.^

John Cromwell (the supposed son of Col. John Cromwell,) left issue by his wife Mary, John, from whom the present Oliver Cromwell and Jeremiah of West Farms are descended, and James Cromwell, who was living in 17 17. The latter by his wife Anne Godfrey had two sons, John and James. The oldest son John Cromwell was residing upon the property in Harrison at the commencement of the revolutionary war, for his name occurs in General Washington's military map of the county, dated 1778, as the occupant of the homestead.^ The present Wilham Cromwell of Harrison is the grandson of the above named Jolin Cromwell.^

From an early period, the Thomas family have resided in the eastern part of this town. The first member who purchased land here, was the Hon. John Thomas, son of the Rev. John Thomas, for many years Rector of St. George's Church, Hempstead, Long Island. Concerning the latter individual, Dr. Carmichael in his history of St.

The oldest son John Cromwell was residing upon the property in Harrison at the commencement of the revolutionary war, for his name occurs in General Washington's military map of the county, dated 1778, as the occupant of the homestead.^ The present Wilham Cromwell of Harrison is the grandson of the above named Jolin Cromwell.^

From an early period, the Thomas family have resided in the eastern part of this town. The first member who purchased land here, was the Hon. John Thomas, son of the Rev. John Thomas, for many years Rector of St. George's Church, Hempstead, Long Island. Concerning the latter individual, Dr. Carmichael in his history of St. George's Church, observes, " that he commenced his ministrations there, in the spring of 1705, under the auspices of the society for propagating the gospel in foreign parts. In a letter addressed to the secretary of that society, Oct. 18th, 1724, he says, "Good sir, give my humble duty to the Honorable Society, and assure them of my utmost fidelity, as far as lame limbs and a decrepid state of health will permit. My heart is warm and sounrj, though lodged, God knows, in a crazy, broken

* SomPtimes styled Castle Hill Xeck.

b John Cromwell was taken prisoner by the British and conveyed to New York.

<^ A singular circumstance (illustrative of the strong fainily likeness which still exists between the English and American branches,) occurred in tlie village of Westchester a few years since. Oliver Cromwell, a resident blacksmith of that pldce. was accosted by a friend, who at the same moment presented him a likeness of tiie Protector ; the former (unable to read) invohinlarlly exclaimed as he gazed upon the portrait, " why there is our old tjlacksm;th himself." For a portrait of the Protector see the Hon.

<^ A singular circumstance (illustrative of the strong fainily likeness which still exists between the English and American branches,) occurred in tlie village of Westchester a few years since. Oliver Cromwell, a resident blacksmith of that pldce. was accosted by a friend, who at the same moment presented him a likeness of tiie Protector ; the former (unable to read) invohinlarlly exclaimed as he gazed upon the portrait, " why there is our old tjlacksm;th himself." For a portrait of the Protector see the Hon. John Hunter's collections of painting, Pelham : and for A further account of this family see genealogy.

254 HISTORY OF THE

and Mary his wife, selling lands to Thomas Hunt, sen., of the West Farms. These la:ids v/ere situated upon Long Neck, afterwards known as Cromwell's Neck.^

John Cromwell (the supposed son of Col. John Cromwell,) left issue by his wife Mary, John, from whom tiie present Oliver Cromwell and Jeremiah of West Farms are descended, and James Cromwell, who was living in 17 17. The latter by his wife Anne Godfrey had two sons, John and James. The oldest son John Cromwell was residing upon the property in Harrison at the commencement of the revolutionary war, for his name occurs in General Washington's military map of the county, dated 1778, as the occupant of the homestead.^ The present Wilh'am Cromwell of Harrison is the grandson of the above named John Cromwell.^

From an early period, the Thomas family iiave resided in the eastern part of this town. The Jirst member who purchased land here, was the Hon. John Thomas, son of ihe Rev. Jolin Thomas, for many years Rector of St. George's Church, Hempstead, Long Island. Concerning the latter individual, Dr. Carmichael in his history of St. George's Church, observes. " that he commenced his ministrations there, in the spring of 1705, under the auspices of the society for propagating the gospel in foreign parts.

From an early period, the Thomas family iiave resided in the eastern part of this town. The Jirst member who purchased land here, was the Hon. John Thomas, son of ihe Rev. Jolin Thomas, for many years Rector of St. George's Church, Hempstead, Long Island. Concerning the latter individual, Dr. Carmichael in his history of St. George's Church, observes. " that he commenced his ministrations there, in the spring of 1705, under the auspices of the society for propagating the gospel in foreign parts. In a letter addressed to the secretary of that society, Oct. 18th, 1724, lie says, "Good sir, give my humble duty to the Honorable Society, and assure them of my utmost fidelity, as far as lame limbs and a decrepid state of health will permit. My heart is warm and sound, though lodged, God knows, in a crazy, broken

"^ SomPtimes styled Castle Hil! N^eck.

b John Cromwell was taken prisoner by the British and conveyed to New York.

c A singular circumstance (illustrative of the strong fa:nily likeness which still exists between the English and American branches,) occurred in tlie village of Westchester a few years since. Oliver Cromwell, a resident blacksmith of that place, was accosted by a friend, who at the same moment presented hiin a likeness of the Protector ; the former (unable to read) involmitarily exclaimed as he gazed upon the portrait, " wliy there is our old blacksmith himself." For a portrait of the Protector see the Hon. John Hunter's collections of painting, Peiham ; and for ft further account of this family see genealogy.

c A singular circumstance (illustrative of the strong fa:nily likeness which still exists between the English and American branches,) occurred in tlie village of Westchester a few years since. Oliver Cromwell, a resident blacksmith of that place, was accosted by a friend, who at the same moment presented hiin a likeness of the Protector ; the former (unable to read) involmitarily exclaimed as he gazed upon the portrait, " wliy there is our old blacksmith himself." For a portrait of the Protector see the Hon. John Hunter's collections of painting, Peiham ; and for ft further account of this family see genealogy.

Ai'iiis. gu.

, eliev. or; betw. tlir

PEDIGREE Of THOMAS OF HARRISON.

herons az. four barrulets az. Crest, a heron's head erased uz. gorged willi a garland of roses,

lion. Jiilin Tlionias, First Judge iiC the counly oT Weslcliester and a^Ablgail, da^of Jolln Sands of Sands Point, L. 1., nat. Jan. 1708, Represpnialive in Geneiiil Assembly. ob.May2,n77; interred in I mar. 19 Feb. 172^, ob. 14 Aug. 1782 ; buried at Bedford. Trinity cburcliyard.

Major General'Thiiinasi Thomas, a disiinguished^Oatliarine Floyd of " g officer of tbe Continental army, and a member Mastic, L. 1., nat. ^

uf ihe Legislature of the Slate of New York, 9 Mav, 1746, Ob. nat. 17 Jane, 1745, Ob. May 29, 1824, interred J»n. 15, 1825. let. 'g

on tlie estate. -" • '

Kdward-- Aime Cap. Jr)bii ^■ .^urrufiaie 1 Oakley, ob 6 Jan. of West- Ob. Mav 1''35.

cbester 12,1807, CO. ob a u'l. 45. M'y, leOfi I

Major General'Thiiinasi Thomas, a disiinguished^Oatliarine Floyd of " g officer of tbe Continental army, and a member Mastic, L. 1., nat. ^

uf ihe Legislature of the Slate of New York, 9 Mav, 1746, Ob. nat. 17 Jane, 1745, Ob. May 29, 1824, interred J»n. 15, 1825. let. 'g

on tlie estate. -" • '

Kdward-- Aime Cap. Jr)bii ^■ .^urrufiaie 1 Oakley, ob 6 Jan. of West- Ob. Mav 1''35.

cbester 12,1807, CO. ob a u'l. 45. M'y, leOfi I

Floyd, nat. 1778, ob.2Jiine

Glorlanna, nat. 9 Dec. 1778, oil 9

ob. Feb. I, 179.'i, a5t.l9.

Capt Benjamin

ob. 16 !>ept. 1813,

in N. Y.

John of N. Y.

Sophia=:Deighton, M. D

Thomas heir ol the Thomas pro. perty, Harrison.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 255

carcase ; nay, more, pray (ell them said he, that Epaminondas like, I shall fight upon the stimips for that purest and best of churches, as long as God indulges me with the least ability to do it. " After this (continues Dr. Carmichael) we find no more letters from Mr. Tiiomas to the society, whose distinguished ornament he was, and presume from oifier circumstances, that he died near about tiiattirne; but, in the Society's annual report printed in London, Feb. 16ih, 1727, we have discovered the followirtg touching memento, viz., a gratuity of £50, to Mrs. Thomas, is voted, the widow of the late Rev. Mr. Thomas, missionary at Hempstead, in New York, in consideration of his loi]o and faithful services, upwards of 2U years. "^

Tiiomas to the society, whose distinguished ornament he was, and presume from oifier circumstances, that he died near about tiiattirne; but, in the Society's annual report printed in London, Feb. 16ih, 1727, we have discovered the followirtg touching memento, viz., a gratuity of £50, to Mrs. Thomas, is voted, the widow of the late Rev. Mr. Thomas, missionary at Hempstead, in New York, in consideration of his loi]o and faithful services, upwards of 2U years. "^

His eldest son, was the Hon. John Thomas, (already alluded to) first Judge of the county of Westchester, and for many years a representative in the geiieral assembly of the province. This distinguished gentleman was a warm whig, and took an active

. part in the scenes that preceded the Revolution, on which account he was particiilai-ly obnoxious to the enemy. Judge

.■ Thomas was seizad in his bed by a party of British troops, at 10

; o'clock on Sunday morning, March 22d, 1777, and conveyed to New York, where he was committed to the Provost. Here fie lingered until the 2d of May, 1777, when (between four and five

•' o'clock in the morning of that day.) death released hi;n from his sufferings. His remains were interred the following Saturday evening between seven and eight o'clock in Trinity Cfiurch yard.'^ " The following is a brief summary" (says Dr. Tliatcher)

_ of the systematic method adopted and practiced for "the destruction of American prisoners," as taken from the New London

- Gazette, from General Washington's letter of complaint to General Howe, and from the verbal statement of the ofiicers and soldiers who have returned from New York, by exchange. They were crowded into the holds of prison ships, wtiere they were almost suffocated for want of air, and into churciies, and open sugar houses, etc., without covering or a spark of tire.

_ of the systematic method adopted and practiced for "the destruction of American prisoners," as taken from the New London

- Gazette, from General Washington's letter of complaint to General Howe, and from the verbal statement of the ofiicers and soldiers who have returned from New York, by exchange. They were crowded into the holds of prison ships, wtiere they were almost suffocated for want of air, and into churciies, and open sugar houses, etc., without covering or a spark of tire. Their allowa Carmicliaers Hist, of St. George's Church, p. 28. t Extracted from James FrankUu's Bible.

%

256 HISTORY OF THE

mice of provisions and water for three days, was insufficient for one, and in some instances, they were four days entirely destitute of food. The pork and bread, for they had no other sustenance, and even water allowed them were of the worst possible quality, and totally unfit for human beirigs. A minute deiail of their dreadful sulFerings, would only serve to Iiarrow up the feelings of surviving friends. As a gross outrage against the principles of hinuanity, suffice it to say. that in consequence of the most barbarous treatment, died within a few weeks, not less iJian fifteen hundred Auierican soldiers, brave young men, the pride and shield of our country. After deaih had released the sutfererSj their bodies were dragged out of the prisons and piled up without doors, till enough were collected for a cart load, when they were carted out and tumbled into a ditch, and slightly covered witli earth."a

As a gross outrage against the principles of hinuanity, suffice it to say. that in consequence of the most barbarous treatment, died within a few weeks, not less iJian fifteen hundred Auierican soldiers, brave young men, the pride and shield of our country. After deaih had released the sutfererSj their bodies were dragged out of the prisons and piled up without doors, till enough were collected for a cart load, when they were carted out and tumbled into a ditch, and slightly covered witli earth."a

By his wife Abigail, the Hon. John Thomas left issue, (beside fourdaiighlers,) JohnThomas, HighSherift'of Weslchestercounty, in 1778,b SVilliam Thomas, and Major General Tliomas Thomas of Harris3n. The latter individual was one of the most prominent whigs of ihe north, a distinguished military ofhcer,^ sheriff of the county, (in 1778) and one of the first members of the state legislature. The following notice of his capture by the Queen's rangers in 1777, is thus re'ated by Lieutenant Col. Simcoe.

" Before the troops went into winter quarters, it was necessary that sufficient boards should be procured to hut those who were to remain in the vicinity of King's Bridge, and tlie light troops were of the parties who collected them. Lt. Colonel Simcoe proposed to General Tryon, who commanded the British, to take down Ward's hduse,^ and the buildings in its vicinity; and that, while a covering party .should halt tiiere, he would attempt to surprise Col. Thomas, (a very active partizan of the enemy,) and a

" Before the troops went into winter quarters, it was necessary that sufficient boards should be procured to hut those who were to remain in the vicinity of King's Bridge, and tlie light troops were of the parties who collected them. Lt. Colonel Simcoe proposed to General Tryon, who commanded the British, to take down Ward's hduse,^ and the buildings in its vicinity; and that, while a covering party .should halt tiiere, he would attempt to surprise Col. Thomas, (a very active partizan of the enemy,) and a

» James Thatcher's Military Journal, Feb. 1777, page 77.

b Tliis gentleman was the last High Sheriff of the county before, and the first appointed after tlie war.

^ General Thomas was elected chairman of Public Safety, in 1776. «J .*»'ee Fast Chester.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 257

post of dragoons, nearly twenty miles beyond it. General Tryon acquiesced in the proposal, and directed it to be put in execution, but seemed v^ry doubtful, whether so wary a person as Thomas could be circumvented, lit. Col. Simcoe marched all night, with Emmerick's and the (Queen's rangers, and surrounded Thomas' house by daybreak. He never lay at home before that night, and had done so in consequence of the British troops in general being gone into winter quarters, and one of his own spies being deceived, and made to believe that the Queen's rangers were to march to Long Island. One shot was fired from the window, which, unfortunataly killed a man by the side of Lieut. Col. Simcoe. The house was inmiediately forced, and, no resistance being made, the officers shut the doors of the different rooms, to prevent the irritated soldiers from revenging their unfortunate comrade. The man who fired, was the only person killed : but Thomas, after Lt. Col. Simcoe had personally protected him and ensured his safety, jumped out of the window, and, springing over some fences, would have certainly escaped, notwithstanding most of Emmerick's riflamen fired at him, had not an hussar leapt after him and cut at him with his sword, (which he crouched from, and luckily escaped,) when he surrendered.

The house was inmiediately forced, and, no resistance being made, the officers shut the doors of the different rooms, to prevent the irritated soldiers from revenging their unfortunate comrade. The man who fired, was the only person killed : but Thomas, after Lt. Col. Simcoe had personally protected him and ensured his safety, jumped out of the window, and, springing over some fences, would have certainly escaped, notwithstanding most of Emmerick's riflamen fired at him, had not an hussar leapt after him and cut at him with his sword, (which he crouched from, and luckily escaped,) when he surrendered. The cavalry proceeded on to the enemy's picquet, at a mile distance. They had been alarmed by the firing, and were formed. They fired their carbines (by which Captain Ogden, of Emn}erick's, was wounded) and fled ; they were pursued, but to no purpose. The troops returned to General Tryon, who was, in person, at Ward's house, and who was much pleased at this mischievous partizan's being taken. This march was above fifty miles. "^

General Tliomas \vas subsequently paroled, and ultimately exchanged. Upon his death, which took place in 1824, the Thomas property in this town passed by will to the heir of his sister, Charity Thomas, who married Jan:ies Ferris of Throckmorton's neck. Their grandson Thomas Ferris is the present

• Simcoe's Military Journal, Barttett & Welford, X. Y. p. 92, 93-

Vol. L 33

258 HISTORY OF THE

proprietor. Of this family is the Hon. Charles G. Ferris, late member of Congress from the city of New York.

Upon his death, which took place in 1824, the Thomas property in this town passed by will to the heir of his sister, Charity Thomas, who married Jan:ies Ferris of Throckmorton's neck. Their grandson Thomas Ferris is the present

• Simcoe's Military Journal, Barttett & Welford, X. Y. p. 92, 93-

Vol. L 33

258 HISTORY OF THE

proprietor. Of this family is the Hon. Charles G. Ferris, late member of Congress from the city of New York.

The remains of the Thomas family are interred within a neat inclosure; situated on the west side of the estate. Here are a number of memorials inscribed as follows. ^

Sacred

to the memory

of

Major General

t h o m a s t h 0 m a 9,

who died on the 29th May,

A. Di 1824,

in the 79ih year of his age.

Asa soldier of the Revolution

of 177&,

he aided in achieving

the independence of the

United States : •

as a member of the legislature

ef the State of New York,

he assisted in laying the

foundation of those institutions

that are intended to perpetuate the

Republic.

Sacred Sacred

to the memory of to the memory

Catharine Thomas, of

widow of Charles Floyd Thomas,

Thomas Thomas, son of Thomas Thomas,

who died the 15lh day of and Catharine Thomas,

January, A. D. 1825, who died on the 2d of

in the 79th year of her age. January, A. D. 1802,

in the 24th year of his age.

he assisted in laying the

foundation of those institutions

that are intended to perpetuate the

Republic.

Sacred Sacred

to the memory of to the memory

Catharine Thomas, of

widow of Charles Floyd Thomas,

Thomas Thomas, son of Thomas Thomas,

who died the 15lh day of and Catharine Thomas,

January, A. D. 1825, who died on the 2d of

in the 79th year of her age. January, A. D. 1802,

in the 24th year of his age.

* There are also memorials to Nancy Thomas, daughter of General Thomas and Gloriana Thomas.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 259

The Field family were also among the early settlers of Harrison's purchase, Anthony Field* having removed from Flushing to this town in 1725. He was the father of six sons, Thomas, Samuel, Benjamin, William, Moses and John,b whose descendants are very numerous in tiie county.

The small settlement of Purchase is pleasantly situated in the northern corner of the town, on the south-east side of Rye-pond. It contains two meeting houses belonging to the Society of Friends, a store and a post-office.^ Upon the road from Rye to Bedford passing through this place, are several dwellings.

The first Friends meeting house appears to have been erected prior to the Revolutionary war, upon ground given for that purpose by Anthony Field. 'i The oldest memorial in the grave yard contains the following inscription.

R. -W. March 31, 1731.

During the war the Friends meeting house was occupied as an hospital by the American army.

Within a short distance of the Purchase lies Rye-pond, a beautiful sheet of water covering over two hundred and ten acres of ground. In this pond vast quantities of pickerel are annually taken with hook and line, and pleasant sport is afforded to those who are fond of trolling. « Its waters abound also with almost every other variety of fresh water fish.

During the war the Friends meeting house was occupied as an hospital by the American army.

Within a short distance of the Purchase lies Rye-pond, a beautiful sheet of water covering over two hundred and ten acres of ground. In this pond vast quantities of pickerel are annually taken with hook and line, and pleasant sport is afforded to those who are fond of trolling. « Its waters abound also with almost every other variety of fresh water fish. The best place for fishing is said to be a flat rock near the centre of the pond. : ' ■'''

Rye-pond has an outlet on the west which passes into the little pond of the same name, and from thence into Bronx's river.^

The principal proprietors of the land bordering the pond, are

' a Anthouy Field was the sou of Benjamin Field of Flushing. For further particulars of this family, see pedigree.

b This individual is the ancestor of the Fields of Yorktown and New York.

c There is also an African Church and school house in the vicinity, under the patronage of the Friends.

d Anthony Field is buried in the Friends grave yard at Purchase.

• No fishing is allowed in the ponds with any kind of net or seine.

t Rye-pond is the principal source of the Bronx.

260 HISTORY OF THE

Ezra Carpe iter on the south, Thomas Clapp on the eastj and Oliver ]\[atthe\vs on the north.

The late Thomas Clapp of this town left one hundred and fifty acres on the west side of the pond for the education of poor children at the Purchase.

d Anthony Field is buried in the Friends grave yard at Purchase.

• No fishing is allowed in the ponds with any kind of net or seine.

t Rye-pond is the principal source of the Bronx.

260 HISTORY OF THE

Ezra Carpe iter on the south, Thomas Clapp on the eastj and Oliver ]\[atthe\vs on the north.

The late Thomas Clapp of this town left one hundred and fifty acres on the west side of the pond for the education of poor children at the Purchase.

A liitle south west of this place is situated the farm and residence of the Hon. Joseph H. Anderson, late member of Congress for the seventh district. The house commands a very fine and extensive prospect of the Sound and surrounding country. Josepli H. Anderson is the son of Jeremiah Anderson, Esq., who for many years represented this county in Assembly.

" Uj)on the 23d of October, 1776, Col. Tyler's, Huntington's and Throop's regiments of General Parson's brigade, and of Gen. Heath's division moved, and took post at the head of King street, near Rye-pond."^ *

" On the 4th of December, 1781, (says General Heath) Captain Sackett of the New York levies near Harrison purchase below the lines, having gone a small distance from his detachment on the morning of the 2d, was taken prisoner by a party of the enf»my. The enemy afterward attacked Lieutenant Mosher to whom the command of the detachment fell. Lieutenant Mosher and the detachment behaved with great bravery, repulsed the enemy, killed one of them and two horses, and wounded eight of the enemy, among them a Captain Kipp, said mortally. Colonel Holmes and Captain Kipp had their horses killed under them, the levies had not a man killed or wounded."^

" On the 4th of December, 1781, (says General Heath) Captain Sackett of the New York levies near Harrison purchase below the lines, having gone a small distance from his detachment on the morning of the 2d, was taken prisoner by a party of the enf»my. The enemy afterward attacked Lieutenant Mosher to whom the command of the detachment fell. Lieutenant Mosher and the detachment behaved with great bravery, repulsed the enemy, killed one of them and two horses, and wounded eight of the enemy, among them a Captain Kipp, said mortally. Colonel Holmes and Captain Kipp had their horses killed under them, the levies had not a man killed or wounded."^

Tlie above engagement took place in the vicinity of Merritt's tavern. Moshers command consisted of only eighteen men, while the British horse under Colonel Holmes numbered over seventy.*^

*■ Heath's Mem. 75, 76. From a return of militia officers for Harrison's Precinct, February 9ih, 1776, it appears that John Thomas, minor, was chosen captain, Gilbert Dusenberry first lieutenant, William Woodward second lieutenant and James Miller, jun. ensign.

b Heath's Mem. p. 324.

* A full narrative of this memorable event has been published in almost every e<*UQtry in Europe, showing what a handful of infantry can do, opposed to a strong

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 261

We believe the whole period of the American war cannot produce such another instance, in which the enemy were repulsed by so small a force. General Washington himself often spoke of this brilliant alfair, and praised the gallantry of the brave Mosher.a

* A full narrative of this memorable event has been published in almost every e<*UQtry in Europe, showing what a handful of infantry can do, opposed to a strong

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 261

We believe the whole period of the American war cannot produce such another instance, in which the enemy were repulsed by so small a force. General Washington himself often spoke of this brilliant alfair, and praised the gallantry of the brave Mosher.a

The surAice of this town is mostly level ; soil, loam, fertile and well cultivated, drained by Blind Brook (Mockquams) and Mamaroneck Riv^er, running south into Long Island Sound, supplying mill seats in abundance.'^ The south line of the town is about one mile from the Sound, and the northeast corner touches upon the west line of Connecticut. The growth of wood consists principally of oak of all kinds, chestnut, much hickory, ash and elm, &c. &c.

The following extracts from the town records relate to the election of town officers at the commencement of the Revolution, and immediately subsequent : --

^'On Tuesday, the 2d of April, 1776, the freeholders, inhabitants of Harrison's Precinct, met at the place appointed by law, and made choice of the following town officers : --

Samuel Haviland, Supervisor,

William Miller, Town Clerk,

Joshua Hunt, ^ ., ^ ^. •

John Haight, \ Assessors, "" "^ .

Wellsey Dosenbery, ) - -

Joseph Carpenter, Highway Master for lower part, David Halstead, " -' the middle,

force of horse. Seven of Mosher's party were from the farm of General Pierre van Cortlandt, Cortlandtown.

^'On Tuesday, the 2d of April, 1776, the freeholders, inhabitants of Harrison's Precinct, met at the place appointed by law, and made choice of the following town officers : --

Samuel Haviland, Supervisor,

William Miller, Town Clerk,

Joshua Hunt, ^ ., ^ ^. •

John Haight, \ Assessors, "" "^ .

Wellsey Dosenbery, ) - -

Joseph Carpenter, Highway Master for lower part, David Halstead, " -' the middle,

force of horse. Seven of Mosher's party were from the farm of General Pierre van Cortlandt, Cortlandtown.

» On the east side of the road leading from the Purchase to Rye, lies the grave of an old veteran by the name of John Peter Follow, who died at the advanced age of 120. He requested that the following epitaph might be inscribed on his tomb stone : --

- . ~ , *' Here lies as good a soldier

as ever fought in Flanders."

Also, in the same vicinity, Louis Burling, a colored soldier of the Revolution, who served as a private in Col. Samuel Pell's regiment.

b Upon the Mockquams, or Blind Brook, is situated the grist mill of the late Gen. Thomas.

262 HISTORY OF THE

Steplieii Field, Highway Master for die upper,

William Ascongh, " " Brown's Point,

William Woodward, " " North street,

Job Hadden, " " West and Haight

streets, all to the usual bounds.

Samuel Haviland, ) r^ a t\ ttmi r> 1 } tence and Damas^e viewers,

Thomas Park, ) ° '

Thomas Park, Pownder." At a town meeting held this first day of April, 1783, in Harrison's Precinct, State of New York, the following town officers were chosen to serve the ensuing year :-- '* Isaiah Maynard, Supervisor,

William Woodward, " " North street,

Job Hadden, " " West and Haight

streets, all to the usual bounds.

Samuel Haviland, ) r^ a t\ ttmi r> 1 } tence and Damas^e viewers,

Thomas Park, ) ° '

Thomas Park, Pownder." At a town meeting held this first day of April, 1783, in Harrison's Precinct, State of New York, the following town officers were chosen to serve the ensuing year :-- '* Isaiah Maynard, Supervisor,

Stephen Field, Town Clerk.

James Miller, Constable and Collector.

Thomas Thomas, )

William Woodward, V Assessors,

Thomas Carpenter, \

Henry Dusenbery, Pownder,

John Cromwell, Overseer of the Highway for the upper

part of the Precinct, Richard Barnes for the middle part, Joseph Carpenter for the lower part, Roger Purdy for North street, Job Haddon, jr., for the west part of the patent, Henry Dusenbery, ) ^^ , ,^ ,r.

Elisha Horton, \ ^^""^^ ^"'^ ^^""^^^ Yi&^ets.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

LEW18B0R0UGH.

Lewisborough is situated eighteen miles north of tlie village of White Plains, -- distant fifty miles from New York, and one hundred and nineteen from Albany,-- bounded north

Presbyterian t'hurcli, Lewisb )rough. j^y ]\^orth Salem, eaSt by

the State of Connecticut, south by Connecticut and the towns of Poundridge and Bedford, and west by Somers.

This town, prior to 180S, was called Salem, and afterward South Salem, to distinguish it from the northern town of that name.a- In 1840 the name was again changed to Lewisborough, in compliment to John Lewis, Esq., a liberal benefactor to its common schools.

Lewisborough is situated eighteen miles north of tlie village of White Plains, -- distant fifty miles from New York, and one hundred and nineteen from Albany,-- bounded north

Presbyterian t'hurcli, Lewisb )rough. j^y ]\^orth Salem, eaSt by

the State of Connecticut, south by Connecticut and the towns of Poundridge and Bedford, and west by Somers.

This town, prior to 180S, was called Salem, and afterward South Salem, to distinguish it from the northern town of that name.a- In 1840 the name was again changed to Lewisborough, in compliment to John Lewis, Esq., a liberal benefactor to its common schools.

The earliest sale of lands in this town is to be found in an Indian deed bearing date 15th of August, 1653, wherein Ponus Sagamore, of Toquams, and Onox, his son, (for the value of four coats,) conveyed to the people of Stamford all their land, extending sixteen miles north of the town plot of Stamford, and ^' two miles still further norths for the pasture of their cattle," (fcc.^ The above sale clearly embraced a large proportion (perhaps the whole) of Lewisborough. Some of these lands must have subsequently reverted to the Indians, for in 1699 the Kitchawan tribe again released the same territory to Stephanas van Cortlandt. This individual had previously obtained a charter from the

» Salem was incorporated on the 18th of March, 1791. b See page 6.

264 HISTORY OF THE

Crown, erecting the whole of his possession into the lordship and manor of Cortla:id(,a by which means the northern part of this town, came to be included in the manor.

Some of these lands must have subsequently reverted to the Indians, for in 1699 the Kitchawan tribe again released the same territory to Stephanas van Cortlandt. This individual had previously obtained a charter from the

» Salem was incorporated on the 18th of March, 1791. b See page 6.

264 HISTORY OF THE

Crown, erecting the whole of his possession into the lordship and manor of Cortla:id(,a by which means the northern part of this town, came to be included in the manor.

On the Sth of July, 1701, we find Catoonah, Indian Sagamore, confirming to the inhabitants of Stamford " all those lands which extend westward as far as the west bounds of Bedford purchase and marked trees, and by the east bounds of the same, bounded north by the south side of Bedford purchase, and by the stone hills upon a straight line eastward unto the upper end of the Long Pond., and, further, on an east line, until it meets with a line drawn north from the upper end of Five Mile River, which is the east line of our several purchases."^

From this time we hear no more of the aboriginal proprietors of Salem.

Lewisborough includes seven miles in length of the south end of a tract of land cal ed the Oblong. This territory was a strip of one mile three quarters and twenty rods wide, formed by the running of a line parallel with Hudson's River, and twenty miles distant therefrom to tlie south line of Massachusetts. The controversy between tlie two colonies of New York and Connecticut concerning it lasted nearly a century, during which time the disputed ground afforded a sort of sanctuary for the most desperate kind of outlaws and robbers. Some improvement, however, must have taken place prior to the settlement of the bomidary, since we find the people living on the Oblong, between the governments of New York and Connecticut, employing the religious services of the Rev.

The controversy between tlie two colonies of New York and Connecticut concerning it lasted nearly a century, during which time the disputed ground afforded a sort of sanctuary for the most desperate kind of outlaws and robbers. Some improvement, however, must have taken place prior to the settlement of the bomidary, since we find the people living on the Oblong, between the governments of New York and Connecticut, employing the religious services of the Rev. Mr. Dibble, Rector of Stamford.*'

The commissioners appointed for settling the lines, assembled at

• See Royal Charter of Cortlandt. b Trumbull's Ilisl. of Connecticut.

* Reports of Propagation .Society.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 265

Greenwich J April 29th, 1725, when they came to the following agreement as to the means of ascertaining the lines, viz., " they are the westernmost line, called eight miles, the line running east northeast thirteen miles and sixty-four rods from the eight mile line, the line called parallel with the Hudson's River, and twenty miles from it, extending from the end of the line thirteen miles and sixty-four rods northward to Massachusetts line ; the parallel line ivas in tu'o lines, having" one angle in it. The equivalent land they estimated at 61,440 acres, which has to be taken from Connecticut on the east side of the parallel line."^ ; The angle above mentioned (sometimes called Cortlandi's Point) was situated near the southwest shore of Lake Wacabuck (Long Pond.) Here the commissioners, who surveyed the manor of Cortlandt in 1734, erected a monument, which they "deemed and esteemed twenty miles distant from Cortlandt's Point, at the mouth of the Highlands."

Greenwich J April 29th, 1725, when they came to the following agreement as to the means of ascertaining the lines, viz., " they are the westernmost line, called eight miles, the line running east northeast thirteen miles and sixty-four rods from the eight mile line, the line called parallel with the Hudson's River, and twenty miles from it, extending from the end of the line thirteen miles and sixty-four rods northward to Massachusetts line ; the parallel line ivas in tu'o lines, having" one angle in it. The equivalent land they estimated at 61,440 acres, which has to be taken from Connecticut on the east side of the parallel line."^ ; The angle above mentioned (sometimes called Cortlandi's Point) was situated near the southwest shore of Lake Wacabuck (Long Pond.) Here the commissioners, who surveyed the manor of Cortlandt in 1734, erected a monument, which they "deemed and esteemed twenty miles distant from Cortlandt's Point, at the mouth of the Highlands."

" The complete settlement of the boundary line (says the historian Smith) was not made till the 14th of May, 1731, when indentures, certifying the execution of the agreement in 1725, were mutually signed by the commissioners and surveyors of both colonies. "~ •• '. ' / ". ^

Upon the establishment of this partition, a tract of land lying on the Connecticut side, consisting of above sixty thousand acres, from its figure called the Oblong, was ceded to New York, as an equivalent for lands near the Sound, surrendered to Coimecticut> ' '^ . '^ -

" The complete settlement of the boundary line (says the historian Smith) was not made till the 14th of May, 1731, when indentures, certifying the execution of the agreement in 1725, were mutually signed by the commissioners and surveyors of both colonies. "~ •• '. ' / ". ^

Upon the establishment of this partition, a tract of land lying on the Connecticut side, consisting of above sixty thousand acres, from its figure called the Oblong, was ceded to New York, as an equivalent for lands near the Sound, surrendered to Coimecticut> ' '^ . '^ -

The very day after the surrender made by that colony, a patent passed in London to Sir Joseph Eyles and others, intended to convey the whole Oblong. A grant posterior to the other was also regularly made here, to Hawley and Company, of the greatest part of the same tract, which the British patentees brought a bill in chancery to repeal. But the defendants jSled an answer containing so many objections against the English patent, that the suit remains still unprosecuted, and the American proprietors

» Letters on Boundaries. Hartford ; Letter 117.

b See Douglas's late Plan of the British Dominions of New England.

Vol. L 34

266 HISTORY OF THE

have ever since held the possession. Mr. Harrison, of the council, soliciicd this controversy for Sir Joseph Eyles and his partners, which contributed, in a great degree, to the troubles so remarkable in a succeeding administration. "^

Upon the 8th of June, 1731, the following letters patent were issued, under the great seal, to Thomas Hawley and his associates : --

b See Douglas's late Plan of the British Dominions of New England.

Vol. L 34

266 HISTORY OF THE

have ever since held the possession. Mr. Harrison, of the council, soliciicd this controversy for Sir Joseph Eyles and his partners, which contributed, in a great degree, to the troubles so remarkable in a succeeding administration. "^

Upon the 8th of June, 1731, the following letters patent were issued, under the great seal, to Thomas Hawley and his associates : --

" It is hereby certified, that whereas Thomas Hawley, Nathan St. John, Samuel Smith, Benjamin Benedict, Richard Olmsted, Thomas Smith, Ebenezer Smith, Daniel Sherwood, Benjamin Burtt, Thomas Hyatt, Benjamin Wilson, Joseph Lee, Joseph Keeler, James Benedict, Richard Osborn, Samuel Smith, Daniel Olmsted, Timothy Keeler, Jonah Keeler, Matthew Seymour, Joseph Northrup, James Brown, Adam Ireland, John Thomas^ and Benjamin Birdsall, inhabitants of the town of Ridgefield, as of the eastern parts of this proTince, by their humble petition, presented unto his Excellency in council, the third day of September, setting forth that they and their ancestors have for a long time been settled upon, cultivated and improved, certain lands near the eastern parts of this province, held by patent from the colony of Connecticut ; but that, contrary to their expectations, some of the lands to be sold by patent from the colony of Connecticut are supposed to be within that part of the province of New York, commonly called the Equivalent Lands, and that the petitioners, together wiih their associates, would be willing to defray the charge and expense of finding out and ascertaining the true partition lines between both the said colonies, provided that 50,000 acres of the said lands be granted to the petitioners ; and whereas, the partition lines between the said colonies tiave been accordingly run out and ascertained by commissioners for both the said colonies, being thereunto duly commissioned and appointed, and sixty- one thousand four hundred and forty acres of land of the said colony of Connecticut were lately, at the settling of the said partition lines, surrendered to the said province of New York, for the use of his Majesty ; wherefore the petitioners prayed his Excellency would be favorably pleased to grant to them, their heirs and assigns, his Majesty's letters patent for 50,000 acres of the said land under such quit rent, provisions and restrictions as is and are directed in his Excellency's commissions and instructions ; which petition being then and there read and considered of, his Majesty's council of this province, did afterwards, on the same day, humbly advise and consent that his Excellency do grant the prayer of the same, &c., given, &c. four several tracts, the first of which begins at the monument where the two lines intersect which are the eastwardly bounds of the said surrendered lands, and is one mile, three

John, Samuel Smith, Benjamin Benedict, Richard Olmsted, Thomas Smith, Ebenezer Smith, Daniel Sherwood, Benjamin Burtt, Thomas Hyatt, Benjamin Wilson, Joseph Lee, Joseph Keeler, James Benedict, Richard Osborn, Samuel Smith, Daniel Olmsted, Timothy Keeler, Jonah Keeler, Matthew Seymour, Joseph Northrup, James Brown, Adam Ireland, John Thomas^ and Benjamin Birdsall, inhabitants of the town of Ridgefield, as of the eastern parts of this proTince, by their humble petition, presented unto his Excellency in council, the third day of September, setting forth that they and their ancestors have for a long time been settled upon, cultivated and improved, certain lands near the eastern parts of this province, held by patent from the colony of Connecticut ; but that, contrary to their expectations, some of the lands to be sold by patent from the colony of Connecticut are supposed to be within that part of the province of New York, commonly called the Equivalent Lands, and that the petitioners, together wiih their associates, would be willing to defray the charge and expense of finding out and ascertaining the true partition lines between both the said colonies, provided that 50,000 acres of the said lands be granted to the petitioners ; and whereas, the partition lines between the said colonies tiave been accordingly run out and ascertained by commissioners for both the said colonies, being thereunto duly commissioned and appointed, and sixty- one thousand four hundred and forty acres of land of the said colony of Connecticut were lately, at the settling of the said partition lines, surrendered to the said province of New York, for the use of his Majesty ; wherefore the petitioners prayed his Excellency would be favorably pleased to grant to them, their heirs and assigns, his Majesty's letters patent for 50,000 acres of the said land under such quit rent, provisions and restrictions as is and are directed in his Excellency's commissions and instructions ; which petition being then and there read and considered of, his Majesty's council of this province, did afterwards, on the same day, humbly advise and consent that his Excellency do grant the prayer of the same, &c., given, &c. four several tracts, the first of which begins at the monument where the two lines intersect which are the eastwardly bounds of the said surrendered lands, and is one mile, three

» Smith's Hist, of N. Y. p. 177.

COUNTY or WESTCHESTER. 267

quarters of a mile, and fifty-two rods distant on a line ru-nning north eightyfour degrees east from the monument, and the end of the twenty mile line from Cortlandt's Point west to the east end of Long Pond, &c., then along south side of said pond to the easterly bounds of said surrendered lands.

The second tract begins at the monument, standing at two m'les from the monument, at the end of the twenty miles from Cortlandt's Point.

The third begins at the eighth mile monument, on the westwardly bounds of the said surrendered lands, on the line running north twelve degrees and thirty minutes east from the monument, at the end of the twenty miles from Cortlandt's Point.

The fourth tract begins at the thirty-fourth mile from the monument, at the end of the twenty miles from Cortlandt's Point, &e. Given, under our hands, at New York, this eighth day of June, in the fourth year of his Majesty's reign, A. D. 1731.^ J. Montgomerie.

On the 8th of January, 1752, John Bowton of the East patent, granted a tract of land, consisting of eighty acres, to Benjamin Rockwell for the snin of £249.

The same year letters patent were granted to James Brown of the county of Westchester, gentleman, for •• four several tracts of land within that tract of land called the Equivalent lands, lately surrendered by our colony of Connecticut to our colony of New York, first beginning on the western bounds of the said Equivalent, at the south-west corner of a tract of land in or late granted to Thomas Hawley and others, known by the name of lot No. 9, containing 1100 acres," &c. 22d August, \7o2>

The same year letters patent were granted to James Brown of the county of Westchester, gentleman, for •• four several tracts of land within that tract of land called the Equivalent lands, lately surrendered by our colony of Connecticut to our colony of New York, first beginning on the western bounds of the said Equivalent, at the south-west corner of a tract of land in or late granted to Thomas Hawley and others, known by the name of lot No. 9, containing 1100 acres," &c. 22d August, \7o2>

The folio u'ing receipt appears to have been given for quit- rent due on the East patent in 1760. :;.-.

'• Received of the owners and proprietors of the East patent, to wit, Thomas Hawley and others, for a tract of 50,000 acres of land in Westchester and Dutchess counties, commonly called the Oblong, by the hands of Abraham King, £1382 \s. 5d., proved money, being the full balance of quit-rent which was due her majesty on the said patent, to the 8th day of June, 1760, old style, as witness my hand this 21st day of March, 1760.

"Richard Nicholls,

" Deputy Receiver General.^^

* Alb. Book of Pat. No. i. 1. b Alb. Book of Pat No. xii. 451.

26S HISTORY OF THE

Upon the partition of Cortlandt's manor in 1734, the lots (included in this town) fell in the following order to the devisees and heirs of Stephanus van Cortlandt, viz., one-half of south lot No. 7, east of the Croton, to Stephen van Cortlandt ; ditto No. 8, Gertrude' Beeckman ; ditto No. 9, Margaret Bayard ; ditto No. 10, Mr. Skinner. The above lots have been long since distributed among numerous grantees, such as the Meads, Keelers, Rockwells, Ferrises, and Bowtons, &c., <fcc.

Upon the partition of Cortlandt's manor in 1734, the lots (included in this town) fell in the following order to the devisees and heirs of Stephanus van Cortlandt, viz., one-half of south lot No. 7, east of the Croton, to Stephen van Cortlandt ; ditto No. 8, Gertrude' Beeckman ; ditto No. 9, Margaret Bayard ; ditto No. 10, Mr. Skinner. The above lots have been long since distributed among numerous grantees, such as the Meads, Keelers, Rockwells, Ferrises, and Bowtons, &c., <fcc.

The general surface of Lewisborough is hilly and even mountainous ; much attention, however, has been paid to the improvement of the soil, which consists of clay mixed with a sandy loam. The whole township is well irrigated. Croton river runs along the nort'h-west corner while Cross river (the outlet of Lake Wacabuck) waters the central portion. Tatomuck river also rises within its limits; each of these streams supply numerous mill seats.

Upon the high hills which rise to the east of Cross river (near the eastern border of the town,) is situated the village of South Salem. This place contains several scattered dwellings, two stores, a post-office, (first established in March, 1813,) and a Presbyterian church.

The scenery of the neighborhood is uncommonly beautiful, aboundii]g in rich woods, deep valleys, and fertile pastures. The air also of its mountainous regions is said to be very salubrious. An opening through the hills to the south-west affords a fine view of the distant stony mountains, and the great valley of Cross river.

Upon the high hills which rise to the east of Cross river (near the eastern border of the town,) is situated the village of South Salem. This place contains several scattered dwellings, two stores, a post-office, (first established in March, 1813,) and a Presbyterian church.

The scenery of the neighborhood is uncommonly beautiful, aboundii]g in rich woods, deep valleys, and fertile pastures. The air also of its mountainous regions is said to be very salubrious. An opening through the hills to the south-west affords a fine view of the distant stony mountains, and the great valley of Cross river.

The Presbyterian church of South Salem occupies a commanding position near the centre of the village. It is a handsome wooden structure, sixty feet by forty, surmounted with a tower and spire. The latter serves as a beacon to the surrounding country.

The first notice of this church occurs on the 19th of May, 1752, *• when a convention of ministers assembled at Salem, upon the desire of the people." The same year there appear to have been eighteen members in connection with this society. The Presbyterian church of Lower Salem was first incorporated on the 4th of January, 1784. Abijah Gilbert, Jacob Hoit, Matthew Sey-

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 269

moiir, Gideon Seely, Michael Halstead, and Nathaniel Newman, trustees. a

Besides a small parsonage this church possesses an extensive glebe, consisting of about thirty acres of improved land and seventy of woodland. In the year 1800 the trustees petitioned the legislature for an act to enable them to sell certain lands for the benefit of the church. The act was passed March, 1800, and is entitled an act to authorize the trustees of the Presbyterian church and congregation of the town of Salem to sell and dispose of certain lands for the benefit of the said church and congregation.

Besides a small parsonage this church possesses an extensive glebe, consisting of about thirty acres of improved land and seventy of woodland. In the year 1800 the trustees petitioned the legislature for an act to enable them to sell certain lands for the benefit of the church. The act was passed March, 1800, and is entitled an act to authorize the trustees of the Presbyterian church and congregation of the town of Salem to sell and dispose of certain lands for the benefit of the said church and congregation.

" Whereas the trustees and society of the Presbyterian church and congregation of the town of Salem, in the county of Westchester, have by their petition to the legislature, prayed for leave to sell, for the benefit of the said church and congregation, certain lands belonging to the said church and congregation, in the town of Salem aforesaid, thereupon : Be it enacted by the people of the state of New York, represented in senate and assembly, that full power, good right, and lawful authority shall be and hereby is granted to the trustees of the said church and congregation to sell, alien in fee, all right and title belonging to the said church and congregation, vested in them as trustees of and in all such lands, situate, lying and being in the town of Salem, in W^estchester county, as they from time to time may deem necessary for the purpose of procuring other lands on which a parsonage house may be more conveniently erected, and for erecting the same. Provided always that the lands so to be sold by virtue of this act shall not exceed the quantity of fifty acres. ^

" Whereas the trustees and society of the Presbyterian church and congregation of the town of Salem, in the county of Westchester, have by their petition to the legislature, prayed for leave to sell, for the benefit of the said church and congregation, certain lands belonging to the said church and congregation, in the town of Salem aforesaid, thereupon : Be it enacted by the people of the state of New York, represented in senate and assembly, that full power, good right, and lawful authority shall be and hereby is granted to the trustees of the said church and congregation to sell, alien in fee, all right and title belonging to the said church and congregation, vested in them as trustees of and in all such lands, situate, lying and being in the town of Salem, in W^estchester county, as they from time to time may deem necessary for the purpose of procuring other lands on which a parsonage house may be more conveniently erected, and for erecting the same. Provided always that the lands so to be sold by virtue of this act shall not exceed the quantity of fifty acres. ^

Tliis church and congregation are in connection with the Bedford Presbytery.

LIST OF MINISTERS OF THE PRESBYTERIAN -CHURCH AT

SOUTH SALEM.

Instal or call. Ministers. Vacated hy.

19th May, 1752, Rev. Solomon Mead, Death.

a Religious Soc. Lib., A. p. 2. b Laws of N. Y. 1800, p. 47.

270 HISTORY OF THE

'' 1S17, " Clark Hart,

Provided always that the lands so to be sold by virtue of this act shall not exceed the quantity of fifty acres. ^

Tliis church and congregation are in connection with the Bedford Presbytery.

LIST OF MINISTERS OF THE PRESBYTERIAN -CHURCH AT

SOUTH SALEM.

Instal or call. Ministers. Vacated hy.

19th May, 1752, Rev. Solomon Mead, Death.

a Religious Soc. Lib., A. p. 2. b Laws of N. Y. 1800, p. 47.

270 HISTORY OF THE

'' 1S17, " Clark Hart,

'' 1S19, "

27th Nov. 1804, *' John Ely, Resig.

IS 13, " Jacob Burbank, the same.

Clark Hart, ; ,.

Abraham Andries, \ ^"PPlies.

" 1S20, *' Charles F. Butler, Resig.

1st May, 1S23, " Stephen Saunders, the same.

9th Oct. 1S34, *' Reuben Frame, present pastor.

Church Me77ioranda, 1804, 51 members, 1826, 173 members, 2 baptized.

1836, 212 ditto 6 baptized. 1846, 226 ditto 7 ditto.

The grave yard surrounding the church contains memorials to the families of the Keelers, Rockv/ells, Ferrises, Gilberts, Loundsberrys and Meads, (fcc. &c.

" Green is the church yard, beautiful and green." •' Ridge rising gently by the side of ridge."

In the south-west corner appears a neat marble slab inscribed to the

M-emory of the

Rev. Solomon Mead,

First Pastor of the Presbyterian

Church in this place, M. 86. He had the charge of this people, 48 years. Ob. September, 1812. While marble monuments decay The righteous live in endless day^ And earthly temples turn to dust. Blest is the memory of the just.

" Green is the church yard, beautiful and green." •' Ridge rising gently by the side of ridge."

In the south-west corner appears a neat marble slab inscribed to the

M-emory of the

Rev. Solomon Mead,

First Pastor of the Presbyterian

Church in this place, M. 86. He had the charge of this people, 48 years. Ob. September, 1812. While marble monuments decay The righteous live in endless day^ And earthly temples turn to dust. Blest is the memory of the just.

Also a monument erected in

Memory of

(/APT Joseph Webster,

who died

Jan. 16, 1838,

aged 81 years

and 12 days.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 271

A mission of the Church of England was organized in this town sometime prior to the Revolutionary war. Its first trustees are said to have been Gershom Sellick, Mr. Brown and others. Soon after its establishment, Benjamin Brown of Norwalk made a liberal benefaction of one hundred acres of land, as a glebe for the support of a minister. The first church edifice was erected by the inhabitants of Salem, (for the use of the Episcopal mission,) at the commencement of the Revolution. The building was constructed of the very best timber, and contained three hundred and sixty-five braces. It stood upon the land of Jeremiah Keeler; near the road-side leading from South Salem to Ridgefield.

Some of the most active members of the mission having joined the army, (at the commencement of hostihties,) it was found absolutely necessary to dispose of the building to satisfy the claims of the contractor, Mr. Benjamin Chapman. This individual subsequently purchased it and converted the same into a tavern. For many years it was known as the Churcli tavern. Mr. Chapman afterwards sold the property, with the dwelling house, to J. L. Morehouse, from whom it passed to the present Mr.

Some of the most active members of the mission having joined the army, (at the commencement of hostihties,) it was found absolutely necessary to dispose of the building to satisfy the claims of the contractor, Mr. Benjamin Chapman. This individual subsequently purchased it and converted the same into a tavern. For many years it was known as the Churcli tavern. Mr. Chapman afterwards sold the property, with the dwelling house, to J. L. Morehouse, from whom it passed to the present Mr. Jeremiah Keeler. In 1796, Mr. Keeler dismantled the building and removed the materials.^-

On the 19th of May, 1811, the Episcopal church was incorporated under the style of " the church-wardens and vestrymen of the corporation of the Protestant Episcopal Church of Salem." At a previous meeting of the members of this church, held on the 15th of October, 1810, the following officers had been duly elected for the year ensuing, viz: Angus McCarroll, William Sherwood, church-wardens; Henry Hoyt, Gould Bouton, jim., Jesse Jarvis, Samuel B. Isaacs, Samuel Ambler, Joseph Nash, Absolom Holmes and James Church, vestrymen. b

In 1815 this church was visited by the Rev. Theodosius Bartow of New Rochelle, and the same year Mr. George Weller was

» Communicated by Henry Keeler and others, b Religious Soc- Lib. A.

272 HISTORY OF THE

licensed as a lay reader for the same.^ Occasional services were also performed here by the Rev. Elias Cooper of Yonkers, the Rev. Samuel Haskell of Rye, and the Rev. John McVickarj <fcc. The first delegate from this church to the diocesan convention, in 1811, was Mr. Samuel B. Isaacs.

Theodosius Bartow of New Rochelle, and the same year Mr. George Weller was

» Communicated by Henry Keeler and others, b Religious Soc- Lib. A.

272 HISTORY OF THE

licensed as a lay reader for the same.^ Occasional services were also performed here by the Rev. Elias Cooper of Yonkers, the Rev. Samuel Haskell of Rye, and the Rev. John McVickarj <fcc. The first delegate from this church to the diocesan convention, in 1811, was Mr. Samuel B. Isaacs.

Notitia Parochialls. 1811, communicants 10, baptisms 7, families 15.

For a number of years no Episcopal services have been performed in this town.

The house now occupied by Jacob Gibber, situated a little north of the Presbyterian Church, is celebrated as having been the temporary prison of Major John Andre, Adjutant General of the British army. From this place he penned the letter to General Washington, disclosing his true character. " After the capture of Andre by the three farmers of Westchester, (says Sparks,) the latter resolved to convey their prisoner to the nearest military post, which was then stationed at North Castle, under the command of Lt. Col. Jameson. From North Castle the prisoner was foolishly forwarded by that officer, under the charge of Lieut. Allen and a ^uard, to General Arnold. Upon the return of Major Tallmadge, (who it seems had been out on duty,) to North Castle, and having inspected the papers, he earnestly requested, that the prisoner might be brought back, to which Jameson at last consented. In the latter's order of countermand to Lieutenant Allen, he says, "from some circumstances which I have just discovered, 1 have reason to fear, that a party of the enemy is above, and as I would not have Anderson retaken, or get away, 1 desire that you will proceed to Lower Salem, with him, and deliver him to Capt.

Upon the return of Major Tallmadge, (who it seems had been out on duty,) to North Castle, and having inspected the papers, he earnestly requested, that the prisoner might be brought back, to which Jameson at last consented. In the latter's order of countermand to Lieutenant Allen, he says, "from some circumstances which I have just discovered, 1 have reason to fear, that a party of the enemy is above, and as I would not have Anderson retaken, or get away, 1 desire that you will proceed to Lower Salem, with him, and deliver him to Capt. Hoogland, &c. &c.

Some mistake appears to have been made in the orders, for Andre was returned to North Castle. It was now agreed upon by Jameson and Tallmadge, " that it was best to keep Anderson in close custody, till something more should be known about him, or till orders should be received from General Washington. As

* This gentleman was subsequently ordrtined in North Salem.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 273

Lower Salem was farther within the American lines than North Castle ; and, as Col. Sheldon's quarters were there, it was thought advisable for him to be removed to that place. Mnjor Tallmadge commanded the escort, and continued with the prisoner from that lime, till he arrived at Tappan. It will be remembered that eight or nine days previous to the taking of Andre, a letter had been received by J\Iajor Talla.adge from Arnold, in which he requested. Tallmadge, if a man by the name of Anderson should come witliin the lines, to send him to head quarters with two horsemen, and to bear him company in person, if his business would permit. This incident, connected with the circumstances of the capture of the prisoner, who called himself Anderson, and with the obvious disguise he now assumed, confirmed l\allmadge's suspicions, though the nature and extent of the plans in agitation he could only conjecture, as Anderson revealed nothing and mentioned no names.

Tallmadge, if a man by the name of Anderson should come witliin the lines, to send him to head quarters with two horsemen, and to bear him company in person, if his business would permit. This incident, connected with the circumstances of the capture of the prisoner, who called himself Anderson, and with the obvious disguise he now assumed, confirmed l\allmadge's suspicions, though the nature and extent of the plans in agitation he could only conjecture, as Anderson revealed nothing and mentioned no names. On the arrival of Andre at Lower Salem, about 8 o'clock in the morning, he was introduced to Mr. Bronson, who was attached to Sheldon's regiment, and who occupied a small apartment which he consented to share with the prisoner. The room could be easily guarded, as it had but one door and one window. Andre appeared much fatigued, and at first was little inclined to talk. His clothes were soiled, and he accepted a change from Mr. Bronson, while his linen and nankeen under dress was sent to the washerwoman.

■ Becoming refreshed and more at ease, he relaxed into familiar conversation, which, with his agreeable and courteous manners, excited the interest and secured the good will of his room-mate. He resorted to his favorite resource for amusement, and sketched with a pencil a group of ludicrous figures, representing himself and his escort under march. He presented the sketch to Bronson, saying, " this will give you an idea of the style in which I have had the honor to be conducted to my present abode." Li diversions of this kind the morning passed away. As it was known to Andre that the papers found on his person had been transmitted to General Washington, who must soon receive them, and it being now evident, that he would not himself be sent to - Arnold, he perceived that any further attempts at concealment would be unavailing, and resolved to stand forth in his true char- Vol/L 35

He presented the sketch to Bronson, saying, " this will give you an idea of the style in which I have had the honor to be conducted to my present abode." Li diversions of this kind the morning passed away. As it was known to Andre that the papers found on his person had been transmitted to General Washington, who must soon receive them, and it being now evident, that he would not himself be sent to - Arnold, he perceived that any further attempts at concealment would be unavailing, and resolved to stand forth in his true char- Vol/L 35

274 HISTORY OF THE

acier, seeking no otlier mitigation of his case, than such as could be granted on the strict principles of honor and miUtary usage. "\Vith this view he wrote in Bronson's room, his first letter to General Washington.

« Salem, 24 September, 1780.

''Sir,--

'• "What J have as yet said concerning myself, was in the justifiable attempt to be extricated; lam too little accustomed to diiplicily to have succeeded.

"I beg your excellency will be persuaded, that no alteration in the temper of my mind, or apprehension for my safety, induces me to take the step of addressing you ; but that it is to rescue myself from an imputation of having assumed a mean character for treacherous purposes or self interest ; a conduct incompatible with the principles that actuate me ; as well as with my conduct in life.

"It is to vindicate my fame that I speak, and not to solicit security.

"I beg your excellency will be persuaded, that no alteration in the temper of my mind, or apprehension for my safety, induces me to take the step of addressing you ; but that it is to rescue myself from an imputation of having assumed a mean character for treacherous purposes or self interest ; a conduct incompatible with the principles that actuate me ; as well as with my conduct in life.

"It is to vindicate my fame that I speak, and not to solicit security.

" The person in your possession is Major John Andre, Adjutant General to the British Army.

" The influence of one commander in the army of his adversary is an advantage taken in war. A correspondence for this purpose I held; as confidential (in the present instance) with his Excellency Sir Henry Clinton.

" To favor it, 1 agreed to meet upon ground not within the posts of either army a person, who was to give me intelligence; I came up in the Yulture man-of-war for this effect, and was fetched by a boat from the ship to the beach. Being there, I was told that the approach of day would prevent my return, and that I must be concealed until the next night. I was in my regimentals, and had fairly risked my person.

"Against my stipulation, my intention, and without my knowledge beforehand, I was conducted within one of your posts. Your excellency may conceive my sensation on this occasion, and will imagine how much more must I have been affected by a refusal to reconduct me back the next night, as I had been brought. Thus become a prisoner, I had to concert my escape.

Being there, I was told that the approach of day would prevent my return, and that I must be concealed until the next night. I was in my regimentals, and had fairly risked my person.

"Against my stipulation, my intention, and without my knowledge beforehand, I was conducted within one of your posts. Your excellency may conceive my sensation on this occasion, and will imagine how much more must I have been affected by a refusal to reconduct me back the next night, as I had been brought. Thus become a prisoner, I had to concert my escape.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 275

I quitted my uniform, and was passed another way in the night, without the American posts, to neutral ground, and informed I was beyond all armed parties, and left to press to New York. , I was taken at Tarrytown by some volunteers.

" TIius, as I have had the honor to relate, was I betrayed (being Adjutant General of the British army,) into the vile condition of an enemy in disguise within your posts.

" Having avowed myself a Britisli officer, I have nothing to reveal but what relates to myself, which is true on the honor of an officer and a gentleman.

'' The request I have to make to your excellency, and I am conscious I address myself well, is, that in any rigor policy may dictate, a decency of conduct towards me may mark, that, though unfortunate, I am branded with nothing dishonorable, as no motive could be mine but the service of my King, and as I was involuntarily an impostor.

" Having avowed myself a Britisli officer, I have nothing to reveal but what relates to myself, which is true on the honor of an officer and a gentleman.

'' The request I have to make to your excellency, and I am conscious I address myself well, is, that in any rigor policy may dictate, a decency of conduct towards me may mark, that, though unfortunate, I am branded with nothing dishonorable, as no motive could be mine but the service of my King, and as I was involuntarily an impostor.

" Another request is, that I may be permitted to write an open letter to Sir. Henry Clinton, and another to a friend for clothes and linen.

'^ I take the liberty to mention the condition of some gentlemen at Charleston, who being either on parole or under protection, were engaged in a conspiracy against us. Though their situation is not similar, they are objects who may be set in exchange for me, or are persons whom the treatment I receive might affect.

" It is no less, sir, in confidence of the generosity of your mind, than on account of your superior station, that I have chosen to importune you with this letter. I have the honor to be, with great respect, sir, your excellency's most obedient and humble servant,

'' John Andre. Adjutant GeneraU-

When he had finished this letter, he handed it open to Major Tallmadge, who perused it with astonishment and strong amotion ; for, although he believed the writer to be a military man, yet he had not supposed him a person of such rank, nor dreamed of the dangerous plot in which he had been acting a part. The letter was sealed and sent to General Washington. From that moment Andre's mind seemed relieved.

Adjutant GeneraU-

When he had finished this letter, he handed it open to Major Tallmadge, who perused it with astonishment and strong amotion ; for, although he believed the writer to be a military man, yet he had not supposed him a person of such rank, nor dreamed of the dangerous plot in which he had been acting a part. The letter was sealed and sent to General Washington. From that moment Andre's mind seemed relieved. He became cheerful, and his good humor, affable address, and attractive pow»

ers of conversation, gained npon the hearts of the officers, and won from them reciprocal kindness and civiUties.^" As soon as General Washington had ascertained the full extent of the treason, instantaneous preparations were made for the defence of West Point, and "an order dispatched to Col. Jameson, directing him to send Andre nnder a strong guard to Robinson's house. The express arrived about midnight at Lower Salem, and at that hour an officer came with the message to Andre. He started up quickly from his bed and obeyed the summons. The rain fell in torrents, and the night was dark and dismal. Mr. Bronson says, that, on taking leave, he expressed a deep sense of the obligations he was under, for the delicate and courteous treatment he had received from the officers of the reg-iment with whom he had become acquainted, and declared that, whatever might be his future destiny, he could never meet them as enemies. The guard marched all night, and in the morning of the next day, September 26th, Andre arrived at Robinson's house, in the custody of Major Tallmadge."b From whence he was taken the same evening to West Point.

Bronson says, that, on taking leave, he expressed a deep sense of the obligations he was under, for the delicate and courteous treatment he had received from the officers of the reg-iment with whom he had become acquainted, and declared that, whatever might be his future destiny, he could never meet them as enemies. The guard marched all night, and in the morning of the next day, September 26th, Andre arrived at Robinson's house, in the custody of Major Tallmadge."b From whence he was taken the same evening to West Point.

CoJonel Sl;eWon's headquarters nt Lower Salem. The west window on the ground floor belon;'8 to tlie room in wiixii Andre wrote liis first letter to Washington.

« Sparks' Life of Arnold, p, 231, 23.), G, 7, 8. * .'^parks' Life of Arnold, p. 2r)3. 4.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 277

The ravages of time have made but little progress upon the old quarters of Andre at Salem; the small room still remains, with its single door and solitary window looking out upon the road.

Between two and three miles north-west of the village of South Salem lies Lake VVacabuck, (Long Pond,) a beautiful sheet of water, covering over two hundred and twelve acres of ground. Near by is another pond connected with the former by a small stream. Both are fed and supplied chiefly, (perhaps entirely,) by springs and rivulets from the great Long Pond mountain. The northern shore of the lake is bordered with hanging woods, and surrounded by rocky mountains of the most picturesque form, presenting altogether an interesting scene as the traveller approaches from Lower Salem. The hills on the southern shore are much lower, but equally attractive ; their bases being profusely covered with foliage to the very margin of the water. Its shores are also diversified with wooded points.

Both are fed and supplied chiefly, (perhaps entirely,) by springs and rivulets from the great Long Pond mountain. The northern shore of the lake is bordered with hanging woods, and surrounded by rocky mountains of the most picturesque form, presenting altogether an interesting scene as the traveller approaches from Lower Salem. The hills on the southern shore are much lower, but equally attractive ; their bases being profusely covered with foliage to the very margin of the water. Its shores are also diversified with wooded points. Lake Wacabuck was once famous for the abundance of its beavers (castor fiber.) It is upwards of fifteen years since, that the last solitary hermit was observed upon the edge of the lake. This animal had been noticed at different intervals throughout the summer of 1832. In the fall of that year a laboring man (residing near the lake) determined upon securing it if possible. For this purpose he took his station early one morning in the vicinity of one of the beaver's haunts. It soon made its appearance, and commenced felling a small tree, which it drew to the water's edge ; but the man who had refrained from firing, in order to watch the motions of the animal, making a slight noise, it became alarmed, and suddenly plunged into the water. a

The numerous rivers of Westchester county must have afforded (the Indian hunter) an abundant supply of this useful animal. Van der Donck, the Patroon of Yonkers, informs us that in 1656, beavers were found not far from his residence, andlseveral were brought in by the Indian hunters ; also that 80,000 of these animals were annually killed in this quarter of the country.

It soon made its appearance, and commenced felling a small tree, which it drew to the water's edge ; but the man who had refrained from firing, in order to watch the motions of the animal, making a slight noise, it became alarmed, and suddenly plunged into the water. a

The numerous rivers of Westchester county must have afforded (the Indian hunter) an abundant supply of this useful animal. Van der Donck, the Patroon of Yonkers, informs us that in 1656, beavers were found not far from his residence, andlseveral were brought in by the Indian hunters ; also that 80,000 of these animals were annually killed in this quarter of the country.

a It is said that the same animal was observed in the fall of 1S37.

27S

" The Indians (continues the same authority) burn the beaver bones and never permit their dogs to gnaw the same ; alleging that afterwards tliey will be unlucky in the chase. Among all the beaver skins 1 have seen, no more than one was of a different color, and that was white, the outer-wind hairs were golden yellow. This skin was shipped on board the Princess with Director Kieft, which was lost at sea."=^

The deep waters of Lake Wacabuck afford vast quantities of fish, as pickerel, large perch, eels, (fcc. The two former are said to have been introduced here within a few years. The favorite haunts of the pickerel are the Cove and Raven's rock.

Upon the south ridge of Long Pond mountain (which rises abruptly from the northern shore of the lake,) is situated the cave of Sarah Bishop, the hermitess.

This skin was shipped on board the Princess with Director Kieft, which was lost at sea."=^

The deep waters of Lake Wacabuck afford vast quantities of fish, as pickerel, large perch, eels, (fcc. The two former are said to have been introduced here within a few years. The favorite haunts of the pickerel are the Cove and Raven's rock.

Upon the south ridge of Long Pond mountain (which rises abruptly from the northern shore of the lake,) is situated the cave of Sarah Bishop, the hermitess.

The Sarah Bishop Cave, Long Pond Mountain

Amidst the savage landscape, bleak and bare. Stands the chill hermitage, in mountain rock, and air Its haunts forsaken, and its feasts forgot, A leaf strown, lonely, desolated cot !

[White's Selborne.

" Van der Donek's Hist. New Netherlands.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 279

The herniitess is reported to have been a resident of Long Island at the period of the Revolution, where she saw the destruction of her paternal mansion, and suffered great cruelty at the hands of a British officer, which finally induced her to abandon society altogether, and seek an abode in ihe present cave. The following account of a visit to the hermitess is taken from a newspaper printed at Poughkeepsie in 1804.

''Yesterday I went in company of two Captain Smiths of this town to the mountain to visit the hermitage. As you pass the southern and elevated ridge of the mountain, and begin to descend the southern sleep, you meet with a perpendicular descent of a rock, in the front of which is this cave. At the foot of the rock is a gentle descent of rich and fertile ground, extending about ten rods, when it instantly forms a frightful precipice, descending half a mile to the pond called Long Pond. In the front of the rock on the north, where the cave is, and level with the ground, there appears a large frustum of the rock, of a double fathom in size, thrown out by some unkown convulsion of nature, and lying in front of the cavity from which it was rent, pajrtly enclosing the mouth and forming a cover.

At the foot of the rock is a gentle descent of rich and fertile ground, extending about ten rods, when it instantly forms a frightful precipice, descending half a mile to the pond called Long Pond. In the front of the rock on the north, where the cave is, and level with the ground, there appears a large frustum of the rock, of a double fathom in size, thrown out by some unkown convulsion of nature, and lying in front of the cavity from which it was rent, pajrtly enclosing the mouth and forming a cover. The rock is left entire above and forms the roof of the humble mansion. This cavity is the habitation of the hermitess, in which she has passed the best of her years, excluded from all society. She keeps no domestic animal, not even fowl, cat, or dog. Her little plantation, consisting of half an acre, is cleared of its wood and reduced to grass, where she has raised a few peach trees, and yearly plants a few hills of beans, cucumbers, and potatoes. The whole is surrounded by a luxuriant grape vine, which overspreads the surrounding wood, and is very productive. On the opposite side of this little tenement, is a fine fountain of excellent water. At this fountain we found the wonderful woman whose appearance it is a little difficult to describe. Indeed, like nature in its first state, she was without form, her dress appear- ' ed little else than one confused and shapeless mass of rags patched together without any order, which obscured all human shape, excepting her head which was clothed with a luxuriancy of lank grey hair, depending on every side as time had formed it, without any covering or ornament. When she discovered our approach, she exhibited the appearance of a wild and timid

Indeed, like nature in its first state, she was without form, her dress appear- ' ed little else than one confused and shapeless mass of rags patched together without any order, which obscured all human shape, excepting her head which was clothed with a luxuriancy of lank grey hair, depending on every side as time had formed it, without any covering or ornament. When she discovered our approach, she exhibited the appearance of a wild and timid

280 HISTORY OF TPIE

animal. She started and hastened to her cave which she entered, and barricadoed the entrance, with old shells pulled from the decayed trees. We approached this humble habitation, and after some conversation with its inmate, obtained Irberty to remove the palisades and look in, for we were not able to enter, the room being only sufficient to accommodate one person. We saw no ntensil, either for labor or cookery, save an old pewter basin and a gourd shell, no bed but the solid rock, unless it were a few old rags scattered here and there, no bed clothes of any kind, not the least appearance of food or fire. She had indeed a place in one corner of her cell where a fire had at some time been kindled, but it did not appear there had been one for some months. To confirm this, a gentleman says he passed her cell five or six days after the great fall of snow, in the beginning of March ; that she had no fire then, and had not been out of her cave since the snow had faMen. How she subsists during the severe season is yet a mystery. She says, she eats but little flesh of any kind ; in the summer she lives on berries, nuts and roots. We conversed with her for some time, found her to be of a sound mind, a religious turn of thought and entirely happy in her situation.

To confirm this, a gentleman says he passed her cell five or six days after the great fall of snow, in the beginning of March ; that she had no fire then, and had not been out of her cave since the snow had faMen. How she subsists during the severe season is yet a mystery. She says, she eats but little flesh of any kind ; in the summer she lives on berries, nuts and roots. We conversed with her for some time, found her to be of a sound mind, a religious turn of thought and entirely happy in her situation. Of this she has given repeated proofs, by refusing to quit this dreary abode. She keeps a bible with her, and says she takes much satisfaction and spends much time in reading it." Soon after her settlement, the hermitess purchased the cave and three acres of land adjoining. Here she resided until the winter of 1810, when she was accidentally killed by falling into a pit. a

The southern view from the cave aff'ords a splendid prospect of forty-five miles in extent, terminated by Long Island.

From Lake Wacabuck issues the Peppeneghek, or Cross River, (one of the numerous tributaries of the Croton,) upon which is situated the small settlement of Cross River. This place contains a post office, two churches, several manufactories, and twenty dwellings. The road from Ridgefield, by South Salem, to Bedford, passes through it. The Baptist church of Cross River was first incorporated on the 28th of March, 1842 ; Lewis

The southern view from the cave aff'ords a splendid prospect of forty-five miles in extent, terminated by Long Island.

From Lake Wacabuck issues the Peppeneghek, or Cross River, (one of the numerous tributaries of the Croton,) upon which is situated the small settlement of Cross River. This place contains a post office, two churches, several manufactories, and twenty dwellings. The road from Ridgefield, by South Salem, to Bedford, passes through it. The Baptist church of Cross River was first incorporated on the 28th of March, 1842 ; Lewis

* The poor-master found in the cave a small sum of money sufficient to defray her funeral exjjeusee.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. • 281

Holmes. Abijah Reynolds, Lewis Mead, Titus Reynolds, Jerah M. Elmore, trustees.^ The Methodist Episcopal church of this place (sometimes styled the Herman Chapel) was incorporated 12th of March, 1S25 ; first trustees, Joseph Wilson, Daniel Silkman, John Silkman, Aaron Silkman, Walter S. Lyons, and John Brady.^

The waters of the Cross River are abundantly supplied with all kinds of fresh water fish. Near the intersection of the Beaver Dam and Cross River are situated the fishing falls.

Golden's Bridge is a small hamlet (located on the banks of the Croton) in the northwest corner of this town. It contains a post office and several dwellings.

Vista is a pretty settlement in the southeast corner of Lewisborough. Here is a post office and several dwellings. This portion of the town is drained by the Tatomuck River, which eaipties into the Sound at Stamford.

Near the intersection of the Beaver Dam and Cross River are situated the fishing falls.

Golden's Bridge is a small hamlet (located on the banks of the Croton) in the northwest corner of this town. It contains a post office and several dwellings.

Vista is a pretty settlement in the southeast corner of Lewisborough. Here is a post office and several dwellings. This portion of the town is drained by the Tatomuck River, which eaipties into the Sound at Stamford.

The following extracts are taken from the town books: --

'• First Book of Records in Salem, April the 17th, 1747. ' At a town meeting in Salem, April 2, 1751 -- - ,.

Justice Gilbert, Moderator, . . ' ,

Jacob Wall, Supervisor,

Nathaniel Wyatt, Clerk,

David Webster, Constable, ' '-- '

Peter Benedict, Sessor, • , '

Benj. Rockwell, Sessor, - ' .

Nathan'l Wiatt, Sessor,

David Webster, Servuer, / ,' ;

Nathan'l Wiatt, Servuer, , * ' . ' _ .'

Jacob Walley, Servuer." ^ "At a town meeting in Salem, 10th day of January, 1763, Resolved that the welfare of the town was endangered by one Dr. Michael Abbott, of Ridgefield, in the colony of Connecticut, who had lately come into the town with sundry other persons, and had inoculated with the small pox one Gershom Sillick, by means of which the people are greatly exposed, and put in much damages of taking the small pox.'^ " -

^ County Rec. Religious Soc. Lib. B. 70. b Co. Rec Rel. Soc. Lib. A. 186.

Jacob Walley, Servuer." ^ "At a town meeting in Salem, 10th day of January, 1763, Resolved that the welfare of the town was endangered by one Dr. Michael Abbott, of Ridgefield, in the colony of Connecticut, who had lately come into the town with sundry other persons, and had inoculated with the small pox one Gershom Sillick, by means of which the people are greatly exposed, and put in much damages of taking the small pox.'^ " -

^ County Rec. Religious Soc. Lib. B. 70. b Co. Rec Rel. Soc. Lib. A. 186.

YOL. I. 36

2S2

MAMARONECK.

Mamaroneck is situated seven miles south of the village of White Plains, distant twenty miles northeast of New York, and about one hundred and forty-two south of Albany ; --

St. Thomas's Church, Mamaroneck. boUUdcd nOrth bv

Scarsdale, east by Harrison and Rye, south by Long Island Sound, and west by New Rochelle. Its length, north and south, is three miles, and its medial width two and a quarter.a The etymology of the name of this place (at different periods spelt Mammarinikes, Mornoronack, Mamarinck, Merinak, and Momoronuck) doubtless refers, like most other Indian words, to some object peculiar to its geographical locality. The last syllable, " neck," or " uck" (uc,) being the ordinary inflection for locality, and one of the striking characteristics of Mohegan names east of the Hudson. By some the word is supposed to indicate " the place of rolling stones,^^ (boulders,) which abound in the romantic environs of Mamaroneck.^

Its length, north and south, is three miles, and its medial width two and a quarter.a The etymology of the name of this place (at different periods spelt Mammarinikes, Mornoronack, Mamarinck, Merinak, and Momoronuck) doubtless refers, like most other Indian words, to some object peculiar to its geographical locality. The last syllable, " neck," or " uck" (uc,) being the ordinary inflection for locality, and one of the striking characteristics of Mohegan names east of the Hudson. By some the word is supposed to indicate " the place of rolling stones,^^ (boulders,) which abound in the romantic environs of Mamaroneck.^

The aboriginal name for the southeast corner of the town constituting De Lancey's Neck was ^- Wanmainuck," while the west neck, adjoining New Rochelle, was called by the Indians "Mangopson."'

Mamaroneck, at the time of the Dutch discovery, appears to

» New York Gazetteer.

•" In the Indian deed to John Budd, of Rye, 1661, the place is mentioned under the name of Merrimack, an Indian term for the sturgeon fish which once frequented the waters of the bay in great numbers.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 28^

have been inhabited by one of the numerous sea coast tribes termed SuwanoeSj or Sewanoos, by Jolm De Laet, one of tfie earliest historians of the New Netherlands, A.D. 1625.^ This people he describes " as dwelling along the coast from Norwalk to twenty-four miles to the neighborhood of Hellegat." Adriaen van der Donck, in his map of 1G56, styles them Siwanoys, These Siwanoys constituted a tribe of the mighty Mohegan nation, originally called Muhhekanew. or the Seven Tribes on the sea coast -- otherwise called Mohiggans by the English, and Mahicanders, or River Indians by the Low Dutch>

have been inhabited by one of the numerous sea coast tribes termed SuwanoeSj or Sewanoos, by Jolm De Laet, one of tfie earliest historians of the New Netherlands, A.D. 1625.^ This people he describes " as dwelling along the coast from Norwalk to twenty-four miles to the neighborhood of Hellegat." Adriaen van der Donck, in his map of 1G56, styles them Siwanoys, These Siwanoys constituted a tribe of the mighty Mohegan nation, originally called Muhhekanew. or the Seven Tribes on the sea coast -- otherwise called Mohiggans by the English, and Mahicanders, or River Indians by the Low Dutch>

The River Sachems, at this early period, paid tribute to Sassacus, grand sachem of the Mohegans, whose broad territory extended from Narragansett to Hudson Riv^er, and over all Long Island. In 1644, there was an Indian Chief by the name of Mamaranack, living at Kitchawanc,<^ (Croton.) This individual may have been one of the grantors of these lands to the Dutch West India Company, in 1640, when the latter purchased a large tract of country extending as far east as Greenwich.

The site of the ancient Indian village in this town can still be traced upon the projecting rocks, directly opposite the residence of Benjamin M. Brown, Esq. This spot was well suited to the habits of the aborigines, who subsisted one-half of the year at least upon the fish caught in these waters. It must also be borne in mind, that all the Indian villages on the sea board were noted for the manufacture of seawant, the materials for which were found here in great abundance.*^

The site of the ancient Indian village in this town can still be traced upon the projecting rocks, directly opposite the residence of Benjamin M. Brown, Esq. This spot was well suited to the habits of the aborigines, who subsisted one-half of the year at least upon the fish caught in these waters. It must also be borne in mind, that all the Indian villages on the sea board were noted for the manufacture of seawant, the materials for which were found here in great abundance.*^

The beautiful scenery of the bay, and adjoining necks, must have had peculiar attractions for these roving nomads and hunters, as they appear always to have selected such places for their summer residencs. Early Connecticut coins have been discovered on the site of these habitations. The remains of several Ina De Laet's New World, chap. viii.

b N. Y. Hist. Soc. New Ser. vol. i. 296-307. '

• O'Callaghan's Hist. N. N. 302.

d Tliere were two kinds of seawant, wampum or Indian money, viz. wampum, (white,) and suckaubock, (black.) The white was manufactured from the Meheaubock Periwinkle. The black of the Quahaug.

284 HISTORY OF THE

dians were found a few years since, in repairing the road opposite Mr. Monmouth Lyons' store. Some of the skeletons were nearly entire. They have been since interred in the rear of Dr. Stanley's residence. Upon the Shubal Lyon property, north-east of the village, is situated the Indian burying ground. Remains of extensive Indian works exist on the elevated ground, north of ]\Ir. Benjamin Brown's residence, called Nelson's Hill. They consist of four circular pits in the form of a square, having a small mound upon the soutli, " The use of these excavations it is impossible to imagine, unless we suppose them to have been iised by the aborigines in defence, an idea that is rather favored by the circular mound on the south, as if made purposely to receive the palisade." The site of other Indian habitations are very apparent on the west side of Heathcote Hill.

They consist of four circular pits in the form of a square, having a small mound upon the soutli, " The use of these excavations it is impossible to imagine, unless we suppose them to have been iised by the aborigines in defence, an idea that is rather favored by the circular mound on the south, as if made purposely to receive the palisade." The site of other Indian habitations are very apparent on the west side of Heathcote Hill. We have shown, that the lands belonging to this town were originally purchased of the native Indians by the Dutch West India Company, in 1640. Their next proprietor was John Richbell, who obtained a confirmation from the Indians, A, D. 1660. The following year, we find him thus addressing the Dutch Director and Council :

Amsterdam, In New Netherlands, 24th Dec. 1661. To the most noble, great and respectful Lords, the Directors General and Council, in New Netherland, solicits most reverently, John Richbell, that it may please your honours to grant him letters patent for three corners of land, the east corner being named "Wanmaimick" corner, the western with the adjacent land, by some named Mr. Pell's land, promising that all persons who, with the supplicant's permission or order, would settle there with him, shall be willing to solicit letters patent for such a parcel of land as they may intend to settle ; in the meantime, he supplicates that your honours may be pleased to grant him letters patent for the whole tract, which he is willing to enforce and instruct them of your honours' government and will, in similar manner, on terms and conditions as are allowed to other villages. Hoping on your consent, he remains, &c.a

Pell's land, promising that all persons who, with the supplicant's permission or order, would settle there with him, shall be willing to solicit letters patent for such a parcel of land as they may intend to settle ; in the meantime, he supplicates that your honours may be pleased to grant him letters patent for the whole tract, which he is willing to enforce and instruct them of your honours' government and will, in similar manner, on terms and conditions as are allowed to other villages. Hoping on your consent, he remains, &c.a

John Richbell.

» Albany Rec. vol, xx, 22.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 285

This petition having been presented to and read by the Director, 19th Jan. 1662, it was returned for answer, that before a final decision can be given on this petition, so shall the supplicant be requested to explain more at large before the Director General and Council in New Netherlands, the extents of his proposal as mentioned in the said petition on the day as above. a

John Richbjll must have replied immediately to this letter, as the same year we find the following declaration (of Petrus Stuy- V€sant, Govornor General,) in favor of Mr. Rissebel.

We, the Governor General and Council of estate of the United Netherlands, doe declare by these presents, that we, upon the petition of Mr. John Rissebel and his associates, that be under the protection of the high and subordinate authority of this Province, upon terms and conditions as other inhabitants doe enjoy, may take up and possess a certain neck and parcel of land called Mamniarinikes, provided that the aforesaid Mr. John Rissebel, his associates, and every one that are now hereafter to come in due and convenient tim.e, shall present themselves before us to take the oath of fidelity and obedience, and also, as other inhabitants are used to, procure a land brief of what they possess.

John Rissebel and his associates, that be under the protection of the high and subordinate authority of this Province, upon terms and conditions as other inhabitants doe enjoy, may take up and possess a certain neck and parcel of land called Mamniarinikes, provided that the aforesaid Mr. John Rissebel, his associates, and every one that are now hereafter to come in due and convenient tim.e, shall present themselves before us to take the oath of fidelity and obedience, and also, as other inhabitants are used to, procure a land brief of what they possess. Given under our hand and seal the 6th of May, 1662^ in the Fort Amsterdam, in the New Netherlands. ^ ;- ^ -

John Richbell appears to have obtained a " ground brief" for his land the same year.<^

The following documents relate to a dispute between the two patentees of Pelham and Mamaroneck, concerning their respective boundaries. Upon the 20th of April, 1666, Richard Nicolls, Governor of the Province, granted to Thomas MuUinex, " a certain neck lying betv/een the east bounds of the town of Westchester and a certain small river called Stoney River, which is reputed to be the west bounds of the land in dispute between Mr. Richbell and Mr. Revell (Pell,) and from thence shooting along by the side of the maine westward, containing 220 acres, which said

ft Albany Rec. vol. xx. 22. . ■^ ■ r- '

b Alb. Rec. vol. xx. 127.

c At a court of assize held in the city of New York, A. D. 1665, it was determined that Horseneck doth of right belong to John Richbell an'J his heirs. Alb. Assize * Kec. 14.

Richbell and Mr. Revell (Pell,) and from thence shooting along by the side of the maine westward, containing 220 acres, which said

ft Albany Rec. vol. xx. 22. . ■^ ■ r- '

b Alb. Rec. vol. xx. 127.

c At a court of assize held in the city of New York, A. D. 1665, it was determined that Horseneck doth of right belong to John Richbell an'J his heirs. Alb. Assize * Kec. 14.

2S6 HISTORY OF THE

neck has been purchased of the Indians." During the year 1666-7, occurs a trial between Thos. Revell (Pell,) plaintiff, and John Richbell, defendant. " The Governor and Council, together with Y^ justices of ye peace, setting in this present court of assizes, having been well and sufficiently informed in ye case in difference between the plaintiff and defendant, and that ye defendant, (who in several courts of this government hath heretofore been plaintiff in this case relating to a title to a certain parcel of land at Mamaronuck, upon ye maine,) did prove his said title in those courts to the land in question, and no person now appearing for ye plaintiff, either to prosecute or defend his claime and title, or those concerned in his pretended right to ye said land, according to ye order of ye last general court of assizes, this court doth therefore unanimously adjudge and decree, that ye title to ye said land in difference doth of right belong to the defendant."^.

Nov. 166S, " John Richbell of Mamaroneck, accused Thomas Pell of gaining in a surreptitious manner, his patent of Governor Nicolls, and extending upon his lands, upwards of a mile in breaddi from east to west, beside the length thereof north 'and south, although John Richbell has sufficiently proved his right thereto, both at several courts, and the last court of assizes held in New York."b

" The Governor and Council, together with Y^ justices of ye peace, setting in this present court of assizes, having been well and sufficiently informed in ye case in difference between the plaintiff and defendant, and that ye defendant, (who in several courts of this government hath heretofore been plaintiff in this case relating to a title to a certain parcel of land at Mamaronuck, upon ye maine,) did prove his said title in those courts to the land in question, and no person now appearing for ye plaintiff, either to prosecute or defend his claime and title, or those concerned in his pretended right to ye said land, according to ye order of ye last general court of assizes, this court doth therefore unanimously adjudge and decree, that ye title to ye said land in difference doth of right belong to the defendant."^.

Nov. 166S, " John Richbell of Mamaroneck, accused Thomas Pell of gaining in a surreptitious manner, his patent of Governor Nicolls, and extending upon his lands, upwards of a mile in breaddi from east to west, beside the length thereof north 'and south, although John Richbell has sufficiently proved his right thereto, both at several courts, and the last court of assizes held in New York."b

Upon the 13th Sept. 1669, we find a special warrant addressed to Thomas Pell of Ann-hook's-neck, or elsewhere, citing him to appear before the next court of assizes, for unjustly detaining and keeping from John Richbell, a certain parcel of meadow ground set upon one of the three necks at Mamaroneck."*^

Nov. 166S, " John Richbell of Mamaroneck, accused Thomas Pell of gaining in a surreptitious manner, his patent of Governor Nicolls, and extending upon his lands, upwards of a mile in breaddi from east to west, beside the length thereof north 'and south, although John Richbell has sufficiently proved his right thereto, both at several courts, and the last court of assizes held in New York."b

Upon the 13th Sept. 1669, we find a special warrant addressed to Thomas Pell of Ann-hook's-neck, or elsewhere, citing him to appear before the next court of assizes, for unjustly detaining and keeping from John Richbell, a certain parcel of meadow ground set upon one of the three necks at Mamaroneck."*^

An order about ye difference between Mr. Pell and Mr. Richbell.

The report of ye commissioners appointed b}^ ye court of assizf^, to view ye lands in difference between Mr. John Richbell and Mr. John Pell, and having been delivered unto me sealed

» Alb. Assize Rec. 172. b Alb. Book of Pat. vol. vi. 106.

c Alb. Assize Rec. p. 204. In January, 1671, a subpoena was sent forth to summon Mr. Robert Penoyer of Mamaroneck, and Mr. John Archer, of Fordham, to give evidence at said court (of assizes) concerninor the difference between Mr. Pe!l and Mr. Richbell. Alb. Rec. General Entries, No. IV. 59.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 2S7

np, and now opened and read before me and my council, upon very much consideration had thereupon, do find, that two of the commissioners have made report, that between two brooks in dispute called stony and gravelly brook, there is a tree marked on ye east side, with J. R., and on the other with T. P., from which if there were a line run directly down to the sound, it would divide ye meadow in difference in the middle, and put an end to ye matter in question, but neiiher of the other three commissioners agree amongst themselves as to their opinions of the bounds, wherefore, in regard that I am very desirous an amicable composure of this difierence may be made between both parties, I do recommend the report of the two -commissioners to be observed as a medium to end all differences ; however, if so the party shall not seem satisfied therewith, they have still liberty to proceed to a trial before a special court, according to ye order of ye last general court of assize.

P., from which if there were a line run directly down to the sound, it would divide ye meadow in difference in the middle, and put an end to ye matter in question, but neiiher of the other three commissioners agree amongst themselves as to their opinions of the bounds, wherefore, in regard that I am very desirous an amicable composure of this difierence may be made between both parties, I do recommend the report of the two -commissioners to be observed as a medium to end all differences ; however, if so the party shall not seem satisfied therewith, they have still liberty to proceed to a trial before a special court, according to ye order of ye last general court of assize. Of the resolutions, hereupon, a speedy answer is expected, that order may be taken accordingly. Given under my hand, at Fort James, in New York, the ISth day of January^ 1671.^

Francis Lovelace.

Upon the 20th of January, 1671, a commission was appointed, consisting of Captain Dudley Lovelace, Captain Jacques Cortelyau, Mr. Elias Doughty, Captain Richard Ponton and Mr. John duinby, to view ye bounds in difference between Mr. Pell and Mr. Richbell.b

On the 25lh day of January, 1671, occurs the following order (addressed to Capt. Jacques Cortelyau, Surveyor General) about Mr. Pell and Mr. Richbell, made after their agreement and composure, &c."

" Whereas, there is an amicable composure of ye difference between Mr. John Richbell, and Mr. John Pell,<^ concerning the neck of land lying between stony and gravelly brook, to the eastward of Annhook's neck, ye which is agreed upon to be divided equally between them both, meadow and upland quantity

On the 25lh day of January, 1671, occurs the following order (addressed to Capt. Jacques Cortelyau, Surveyor General) about Mr. Pell and Mr. Richbell, made after their agreement and composure, &c."

" Whereas, there is an amicable composure of ye difference between Mr. John Richbell, and Mr. John Pell,<^ concerning the neck of land lying between stony and gravelly brook, to the eastward of Annhook's neck, ye which is agreed upon to be divided equally between them both, meadow and upland quantity

»■ Alb. Rec. General Entries No. IV. 92.

b Alb. Rec. Gen. Entries, No. IV. 59.

c Mr. John Pell succeeded his uncle Thomas PpU.

2SS HISTORY OF THE

and quality alike, which agreement I very well approve of. These are to require you, that sometime next week, or with your first convenience, you repair hither, where you shall receive further directions concerning the copy act, on the said neck of land, soe to put a final end and determination to that dispute of which at your return you are to render me an account, and for soe doing, this shall be your warrant. Given under my hand, at Fort James, in New York, this 25lh day of January, 1671."^

Francis Lovelace. ■ This dispute was finally arranged by Mr. John Richbell, exchanging a portion of the west neck for a much greater quantity and value of other lands belonging to Mr. Pell, adjoining the west neck in lieu thereof, which land never was within the bounds of Mr. Richbell's patent.^

These are to require you, that sometime next week, or with your first convenience, you repair hither, where you shall receive further directions concerning the copy act, on the said neck of land, soe to put a final end and determination to that dispute of which at your return you are to render me an account, and for soe doing, this shall be your warrant. Given under my hand, at Fort James, in New York, this 25lh day of January, 1671."^

Francis Lovelace. ■ This dispute was finally arranged by Mr. John Richbell, exchanging a portion of the west neck for a much greater quantity and value of other lands belonging to Mr. Pell, adjoining the west neck in lieu thereof, which land never was within the bounds of Mr. Richbell's patent.^

Upon the 16th of October, 1668, Governor Lovelace issued the following letters patentj under the great seal of the province.

Francis Lovelace, Esq., Governor General, under his Royal Highness, James, Duke of York and Albany, &c. &c., of all his territories in America, to all to whom these presents shall corne, sendeth greeting. Whereas, there is a certain parcel or tract of land within this government, upon the main, contained in three necks, of which the eastermost is bounded with a small river, called Mamaroneck river, being also the east bounds or limits of this government upon the main, and the westermost with ihe gravelly or stony brook or river, which makes the east limits of the land known by the name of Mr. Pell's purchase. Having to the south, the sound, and running northward from the marked trees upon the said neck, twenty miles into the woods, which said parcel or tract of land hath been lawfully purchased of the Indian proprietors, by John Richbell of Mamaroneck, gentleman, in whose possession now it is, and his title thereunto sufficiently proved, both at several courts of sessions, as also at the general courts of assizes, now for a confirmation unto him the said John Richbell, in his possession and enjoyment of the premises : Know ye, that by virtue of the commission and authority unto me given by his Roya} Highness, 1 have given, ratified, and confirmed and granted, and by these presents do give and ratify, confirm and grant, unto the said John Richbell, his heirs and assigns, all the aforecited parcel or tract of land as aforesaid, to-

Having to the south, the sound, and running northward from the marked trees upon the said neck, twenty miles into the woods, which said parcel or tract of land hath been lawfully purchased of the Indian proprietors, by John Richbell of Mamaroneck, gentleman, in whose possession now it is, and his title thereunto sufficiently proved, both at several courts of sessions, as also at the general courts of assizes, now for a confirmation unto him the said John Richbell, in his possession and enjoyment of the premises : Know ye, that by virtue of the commission and authority unto me given by his Roya} Highness, 1 have given, ratified, and confirmed and granted, and by these presents do give and ratify, confirm and grant, unto the said John Richbell, his heirs and assigns, all the aforecited parcel or tract of land as aforesaid, to-

» Albany Records, General Entries, No. IV. 95.

b See Complaint of Obadiah Palmer and others, to his Excellency William Burnet. The original docnment is in the possession of the Mimro family.

COUNTV OF WKSTCIIESTKR. 289

gether with all woods, beaches, maiches, pastures, creeks, waters, lakes, fishing, hawking, hunting and fowling, and all other profits, immunities and emoluments to the said parcel or tract of land belonging, annexed, or appertaining with their and every of their appurtenances, and every part and parcel thereof, and in regard to the distance of the plantations already settled, or to be settled upon the said necks of land, from any town, the persons inhabiting, or that shall inhabit thereupon, shall have a petty constable chosen amongst themselves yearly, for preserving of the peace, and decision of small differences under the value of forty sliiiiings, and they shall be excused from all common attendance at training or other ordinary duties at Westchester.

gether with all woods, beaches, maiches, pastures, creeks, waters, lakes, fishing, hawking, hunting and fowling, and all other profits, immunities and emoluments to the said parcel or tract of land belonging, annexed, or appertaining with their and every of their appurtenances, and every part and parcel thereof, and in regard to the distance of the plantations already settled, or to be settled upon the said necks of land, from any town, the persons inhabiting, or that shall inhabit thereupon, shall have a petty constable chosen amongst themselves yearly, for preserving of the peace, and decision of small differences under the value of forty sliiiiings, and they shall be excused from all common attendance at training or other ordinary duties at Westchester. But in matters of assessment and public rates, they are to be assessed by the ofricers of that town to which they do properly belong, being the nearest unto them, to have and to hold the said parcel and tract of land in the said three necks contained, and premises with all and singular the privileges and appurtenances to the said John Richbell, his heirs and assigns, to the proper use and behoof of the said John Richbell, his heirs and assignees forever, as free land of inheritance, rendering and paying as a quit rent for the same yearly, and every year, the value of eight bushels of winter wheat, upon the five and twentieth day of March, if demanded, unto his Royal Highness and his heirs, or to such governor or governors as shall from time to time be appointed and set over them. Given under my hand and seal, at Fort James, in New York, on Manhattans Island, the 16th day of October, in the twentieth year of the reign of our sovereign, Lord Charles the second, by the grace of God, of England, Scotland, France and Ireland, king, defender of the faith, &c. &c., Anno Domini, 1668.

But in matters of assessment and public rates, they are to be assessed by the ofricers of that town to which they do properly belong, being the nearest unto them, to have and to hold the said parcel and tract of land in the said three necks contained, and premises with all and singular the privileges and appurtenances to the said John Richbell, his heirs and assigns, to the proper use and behoof of the said John Richbell, his heirs and assignees forever, as free land of inheritance, rendering and paying as a quit rent for the same yearly, and every year, the value of eight bushels of winter wheat, upon the five and twentieth day of March, if demanded, unto his Royal Highness and his heirs, or to such governor or governors as shall from time to time be appointed and set over them. Given under my hand and seal, at Fort James, in New York, on Manhattans Island, the 16th day of October, in the twentieth year of the reign of our sovereign, Lord Charles the second, by the grace of God, of England, Scotland, France and Ireland, king, defender of the faith, &c. &c., Anno Domini, 1668.

Francis Lovelace.

In 1669 we find John Richbell, and Anne liis wife, conveying a certain portion of land in Mumaroneck to ^largaret Parsons.^-

On the 4th of March, 1669, John Richbell of Mamaroneck, in New Yorkshire, gentleman, with Anne his wife, conveys land in this town to John Bassett.

By a deed bearing date the 23d of April, 1669, Jolni Richbell, proprietor of Mamaroneck, settles the following jointnre npon his wife, Anne Richbell, viz.: "all that certain parcell or tract of land where he now lives, called the East Neck, and to begin at the westward part thereof at a certain creek lying, being, and adjacent by and betwixt the neck of land commonly called the Great Neck, and the said East Neck, and so to run eastward as far as Mamaroneck river, including therein betwixt the two lines all the land as well north into the woods above Westchester patli,

By a deed bearing date the 23d of April, 1669, Jolni Richbell, proprietor of Mamaroneck, settles the following jointnre npon his wife, Anne Richbell, viz.: "all that certain parcell or tract of land where he now lives, called the East Neck, and to begin at the westward part thereof at a certain creek lying, being, and adjacent by and betwixt the neck of land commonly called the Great Neck, and the said East Neck, and so to run eastward as far as Mamaroneck river, including therein betwixt the two lines all the land as well north into the woods above Westchester patli,

^ . » Co Uec. Lib. A.

ToL. I. 37

290 HISTORY OF THE

twenty miles, as the lands below ye path, south and towards ye river,'' etc., tfcc.^

The following year we find the patentee investing his son-inlaw, James Mott. in a small portion of the Maraaroneck lands, for which the latter paid to the crown the annual quit rent of one bushel of wheat. James Mott subsequently assigned all his right, title and interest in the same to John Wescot.

The following warrant "for ye fetching Mr. John Richbell to town a prfsoner," occurs in the assize records.

These are in his majesties name to authorize and impower you to seize upon ye person of John Richbell of Mamaroneck, in what place soever he shall be found within this government, he being a prisoner under arrest for debt in this city, from which place he hath absented himself contrary to his engagement and that you cause him to be brought back hither to answer ye several suites of his creditors, and to abide the judgment of court therein according to law, and all officers or others whom this may concerne are to be ayding and assisting herein as occasion shall require, for the doing whereof this my special warrant shall be to you and them a sufficient discharge.

These are in his majesties name to authorize and impower you to seize upon ye person of John Richbell of Mamaroneck, in what place soever he shall be found within this government, he being a prisoner under arrest for debt in this city, from which place he hath absented himself contrary to his engagement and that you cause him to be brought back hither to answer ye several suites of his creditors, and to abide the judgment of court therein according to law, and all officers or others whom this may concerne are to be ayding and assisting herein as occasion shall require, for the doing whereof this my special warrant shall be to you and them a sufficient discharge. Given under my hand and seal at Fort James in New Yorke, this 30th day of

June, 1671.

Francis Lovelace. [Endorsed]

To Mr. Allard Anthony, sheriff of the city of New Y^ork, or his deputy. i>

Upon the 30ih of July, 1673^ the province of New York surrendered to the Dutch. On Ihh occasion Anthony Colve assumed the reins of government. His commission defined the eastern boundary of the colony to be the town of Greenwich and so runnii]g northerly, provided such line does not come within twenty miles of Hudson's river, conformable to the treaty of 1650. which was ratified by the States General February 22d, 1656, Mamaroneck river having been heretofore considered the boundary line, as settled the 5th of December, 1664, viz. : "a line beginning on the east side of Mamaroneck river or creek, at the place where the salt water meets the fresh, at high water, and thence northwest to the line of Massachusetts.''^

His commission defined the eastern boundary of the colony to be the town of Greenwich and so runnii]g northerly, provided such line does not come within twenty miles of Hudson's river, conformable to the treaty of 1650. which was ratified by the States General February 22d, 1656, Mamaroneck river having been heretofore considered the boundary line, as settled the 5th of December, 1664, viz. : "a line beginning on the east side of Mamaroneck river or creek, at the place where the salt water meets the fresh, at high water, and thence northwest to the line of Massachusetts.''^

The Dutch governor now required the submission of the in-

• Co. Rec. Lib. A. 238. This conveyance was to John Ryder, b Alb. Assize Rec. p. 391. c Webster's Letters.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 291

habitants, and oaths of allegiance to the States General. Whereupon the people of Mamaroneck submitted themselves through their deputies, and were ordered to nominate by a majority of votes four persons who were to be presented the first opportunity, from which the Lords Commanders shall elect two for magistrates. By order of the Lords Commanders and military tribunal assembled in Fort William Hendrick, on the 23d day of August, A. D. 1673.^

Peace took place between the belligerent powers, in February, 1674, by which x\ew York was again restored to the English.

2()th of November, 1763, John Richbell of Mamaroneck mortgaged the westernmost neck to one Cornelius Stenwyck, " bounding on the Gravelly or Stony river, having on the south the Sound, and so running from the marked trees, standing on the aforesaid neck, northerly twenty English miles into the woods. b

By order of the Lords Commanders and military tribunal assembled in Fort William Hendrick, on the 23d day of August, A. D. 1673.^

Peace took place between the belligerent powers, in February, 1674, by which x\ew York was again restored to the English.

2()th of November, 1763, John Richbell of Mamaroneck mortgaged the westernmost neck to one Cornelius Stenwyck, " bounding on the Gravelly or Stony river, having on the south the Sound, and so running from the marked trees, standing on the aforesaid neck, northerly twenty English miles into the woods. b

Upon the 2d of February, 16S3, a dispute arose between Mr. John Richbell (about the limits of his land) with the inhabitants of the town of Rye, whereupon the latter were ordered to attend the council. c

The following order is extracted from the council minutes.

At a council held at Fort James, on March 17th, 1653, upon the petition and complaint of Mr. John Richbell of Mamaroneck, gentleman, against the inhabitants of Rye, concerning some lands, it was thought fit by the governor and council that the inhabitants of Rye, or some deputed by them for that purpose, do show cause at the next court of assize to be held in the county of Westchester, why the said land do not of right belong and appertain to Mr. John Richbell. c

The patentee must have been subsequently confirmed in his rights, as further grants were made by himself and wife the same year to John Nelson, and in 16S4 to James and Mary Mott. Iq 16S5 Anne Richbell conveys property in this town to Henry Disbrow, Richard Ward, John Rider, John Emerson and others.

John Richbell of Mamaroneck, gentleman, against the inhabitants of Rye, concerning some lands, it was thought fit by the governor and council that the inhabitants of Rye, or some deputed by them for that purpose, do show cause at the next court of assize to be held in the county of Westchester, why the said land do not of right belong and appertain to Mr. John Richbell. c

The patentee must have been subsequently confirmed in his rights, as further grants were made by himself and wife the same year to John Nelson, and in 16S4 to James and Mary Mott. Iq 16S5 Anne Richbell conveys property in this town to Henry Disbrow, Richard Ward, John Rider, John Emerson and others.

«^ Alb. Rec. III. 276.

b A second mortgage from the patentee to Stenwyck occurs on the 6th of August, 1678. Upon the 12th May, 1675, the patentee mortgaged to Robert Richbell, jr. of Southampton, England, one of the three necks called the great or middle neck ; this was afterwards assigned to Samuel Palmer, July 7, 1676.

c Council Min. Alb. No. V. 47.

d Council Minutes, Alb. No. V. 58.

292 HISTORY OF THE

A, D. 1G9G. Aline Riclibell orders that the lot formerly belonging to tlie Blackiuns, containing two acres and thirty-lwo rods, be laid out for my son John Emerson. ^

The death of the patentee, John Richbell, appears to have taken place so.netime in January, 16S4, as we find Mr. John Timan petitioning the o^overnor and council for administration on the estate of John Richbell, January IGth, 1084.^

d Council Minutes, Alb. No. V. 58.

292 HISTORY OF THE

A, D. 1G9G. Aline Riclibell orders that the lot formerly belonging to tlie Blackiuns, containing two acres and thirty-lwo rods, be laid out for my son John Emerson. ^

The death of the patentee, John Richbell, appears to have taken place so.netime in January, 16S4, as we find Mr. John Timan petitioning the o^overnor and council for administration on the estate of John Richbell, January IGth, 1084.^

The following extracts are taken from the will of Mrs. Anne Richbell, his wile, which bears date 1st of April, A. D. 1700.

"In the name of God, amen. I, x\nn Richbell, of the lown of Mamaroneck, in the county of Westchester, in the province of New York, gentlewoman, being sick and weak in body, but of good and perfect memory, (blessed be the Lord for it.) who hath now put it info my heart to set my house in order, by making this my last will and testament, in rnanner as followeth : Imprimis, I give and bequeath my soul into the hands of Alnr.ighty God, my creator, and my body to the earth fiom whence it came, to a decent and comely burial at ihe direction of Colonel Caleb Ileaihcote.

*']Mr. Richbell Mott and Lt. John Horton, I make my executors of this my last will and testament, and for this worldly estate which it hath pleased the I^)rd to endow me withal, &c. Imprimis, to my daughter Elizabeth the sum of Bo/, and my gold ring with the emerald stone in it and my little bible. To my daughter Anne tlie sum of 60/, and also my gold chain. To my granddaughter, Anna Gedney, Mary \Ailliams and Mary Mott, each 40/. and to my said grandd;iughter Mary, my biggest gold ring.

John Horton, I make my executors of this my last will and testament, and for this worldly estate which it hath pleased the I^)rd to endow me withal, &c. Imprimis, to my daughter Elizabeth the sum of Bo/, and my gold ring with the emerald stone in it and my little bible. To my daughter Anne tlie sum of 60/, and also my gold chain. To my granddaughter, Anna Gedney, Mary \Ailliams and Mary Mott, each 40/. and to my said grandd;iughter Mary, my biggest gold ring. I give and bequeath to my son-in-law James Mott 14/. and to my grandson James Mott, the son of Capt. James Mutt, 15/," &c. &c .

Elizabeth and Anno, tlie two devisees mentioned in the above will, were the sole issue of the patentee. Elizabeth, the eldest, n:arried Captain James Mott, (son of Adam Mott.) H'heir descendants still reside in the town. Anne married John Emerson. The patentee left one brother, Robert Richbell of Southampton, in Encrland, father of Robert Richbell, who succeeded his uncle in a portion of the Mamaroneck estates. ^

» Town Rec.

t Council Min. A!b. No. V. ]04.

< .^nrrogalp's Off. N. Y. Hec. Wille, No. ii. O-?.

<J For a cojil!uualioii oftliis family, sec pedigree.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 293

A, D. 1700, Ihe Hon. Caleb Heathcote became legtilly seized in fee of the greatest portion of tlie eastermost neck, together with other lands, having in 1696 obtained a patent right from Mrs. Anne Richbell to purchase lands which were already included in her husband's sale of 1660.

t Council Min. A!b. No. V. ]04.

< .^nrrogalp's Off. N. Y. Hec. Wille, No. ii. O-?.

<J For a cojil!uualioii oftliis family, sec pedigree.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 293

A, D. 1700, Ihe Hon. Caleb Heathcote became legtilly seized in fee of the greatest portion of tlie eastermost neck, together with other lands, having in 1696 obtained a patent right from Mrs. Anne Richbell to purchase lands which were already included in her husband's sale of 1660.

On the 21st day of March, 1701, King William III. by letters patent, granted and confirmed inito Caleb Heathcote

" All that tract of land in Westchester county, beginning at a marked tree by Mamaroneck river, which is the eastermost side of the nori hern bounds of ]\Iamaroneck township, being about two miles from the country road and to run along the said river to the head thereof, and thence on a northern line, until eighteen miles from the said marked trees is completed westerdly, at the said marked tree or a great rock ; being the westernmost part of the said northern bounds of the aforesaid township, being about two miles from the said country road, and thence run southerly eighteen miles as the line on the eastermost side of the said land runneth, including therein his eighth part of the two miles laid out from the town of Mamaroneck, with the lot he then lived on, and the lot bought of Alice Hatfield with the land and meadow below, westerly to a path to him belonging by virtue of his deeds and conveyances, part of ^ which lands within the bounds aforesaid was purchased by John Richbell from the native Indian proprietors, which said John Richbell had a grant and confirmation for the same from Colonel Francis Lovelace, Esq.''

" All that tract of land in Westchester county, beginning at a marked tree by Mamaroneck river, which is the eastermost side of the nori hern bounds of ]\Iamaroneck township, being about two miles from the country road and to run along the said river to the head thereof, and thence on a northern line, until eighteen miles from the said marked trees is completed westerdly, at the said marked tree or a great rock ; being the westernmost part of the said northern bounds of the aforesaid township, being about two miles from the said country road, and thence run southerly eighteen miles as the line on the eastermost side of the said land runneth, including therein his eighth part of the two miles laid out from the town of Mamaroneck, with the lot he then lived on, and the lot bought of Alice Hatfield with the land and meadow below, westerly to a path to him belonging by virtue of his deeds and conveyances, part of ^ which lands within the bounds aforesaid was purchased by John Richbell from the native Indian proprietors, which said John Richbell had a grant and confirmation for the same from Colonel Francis Lovelace, Esq.''

Tlie Hon. Caleb Heathcote subsequently enlarged his estates by further purchases and confirmations from the Indians.

One of these indentures bears date 26ili May, 1701, betwixt the Indian proprietors, Patthunk, Beopoa, Wapetuck, Kohawaes and Racheshund, on the one part, and Colonel Caleb Heathcote of Mamaroneck, gentleman, on the oiher part, wherein the former in consideration of a good and hiwful sum of money, to them in hand paid by the said Caleb Heathcote, &c..

Tlie Hon. Caleb Heathcote subsequently enlarged his estates by further purchases and confirmations from the Indians.

One of these indentures bears date 26ili May, 1701, betwixt the Indian proprietors, Patthunk, Beopoa, Wapetuck, Kohawaes and Racheshund, on the one part, and Colonel Caleb Heathcote of Mamaroneck, gentleman, on the oiher part, wherein the former in consideration of a good and hiwful sum of money, to them in hand paid by the said Caleb Heathcote, &c..

Sell, alien, enfeofFe and confirm, &c. a certain tract of land lying and being in the county of Westchester, bounded as follows : to begin on the east side of the country road, going over at Mamaroneck river, and so to run as the road goes, as far as a creek or brook, known by the name of Pipin's brook, adjoining the neck known by tlie name of the great neck, including therein all the land and meadow below the said road southward to the Sound, and to begin at the bridge which lyes over the swamp, known by the name of the Dirty swamp, on the New York road, on the east side, and at the going over of Pipin's brook, as the New York road goes, on the west side, and so to rua

as high into ihe woods as the marked trees on the southermost end of Richbell's or Horse ridge, having one hundred rods in breadth between the said lines, to have and to hold, &c. the said bargained premises with all of their appurtenances thereunto belonging, to the said Caleb Heathcote, his heirs and assignees for ever, &c.

Sell, alien, enfeofFe and confirm, &c. a certain tract of land lying and being in the county of Westchester, bounded as follows : to begin on the east side of the country road, going over at Mamaroneck river, and so to run as the road goes, as far as a creek or brook, known by the name of Pipin's brook, adjoining the neck known by tlie name of the great neck, including therein all the land and meadow below the said road southward to the Sound, and to begin at the bridge which lyes over the swamp, known by the name of the Dirty swamp, on the New York road, on the east side, and at the going over of Pipin's brook, as the New York road goes, on the west side, and so to rua

as high into ihe woods as the marked trees on the southermost end of Richbell's or Horse ridge, having one hundred rods in breadth between the said lines, to have and to hold, &c. the said bargained premises with all of their appurtenances thereunto belonging, to the said Caleb Heathcote, his heirs and assignees for ever, &c.

The mark of Patt O hunke. The mark of

Beopa. The mark of

Creghien.

Sig. sealed and delivered in presence of Anne Millington, Hugh Farquhar. The mark of

Kehocuss. The mark of

The mark of

Wapetuck.

The mark of

Kohawnes

Kocheolara,

Amb\'ro.

10 June, 1701. Patthunek, Brope, Wepetuck, Indian proprietors sell to Colonel Caleb Heathcote, Captain James Mott, William Pennoyer, John Williams, Henry Disbrow, Oliver Hatfield, John Disbrough and Benjamin Disbrough a lot or parcel of land bounded as followelh, " To begin at Westchester path by Mamaroneck river and runs as the river doth to the marked trees at the eastermost side of the two mile bounds, from thence as was laid out to the marked trees on the southermost end of Richbell's ridge, from thence to Dirty swamp ridge in a direct line, and from said ridge as the road goeth to Mamaroneck river, each party above mentioned to have and to hold their allotments and divisions as already laid out, and according to their deeds of John and Mrs.

Patthunek, Brope, Wepetuck, Indian proprietors sell to Colonel Caleb Heathcote, Captain James Mott, William Pennoyer, John Williams, Henry Disbrow, Oliver Hatfield, John Disbrough and Benjamin Disbrough a lot or parcel of land bounded as followelh, " To begin at Westchester path by Mamaroneck river and runs as the river doth to the marked trees at the eastermost side of the two mile bounds, from thence as was laid out to the marked trees on the southermost end of Richbell's ridge, from thence to Dirty swamp ridge in a direct line, and from said ridge as the road goeth to Mamaroneck river, each party above mentioned to have and to hold their allotments and divisions as already laid out, and according to their deeds of John and Mrs. Richbell.

Sig. sealed and delivered Patthunek.

in the presence of us, Wapetuck.

Joseph Hiatt,

Joseph Purdy.

In the year 1700, Sa:nuel Palmer of Mamaroneck obtained an assignment of the great neck from Robert Richbell, former mortgagee under his uncle John Richbell.

Upon the 5th of November, 1701, Ann Hook, Indian sachem, released to Samuel Palmer,

" All that my parcel of land formerly called Mangopson neck, now called by the name of the great neck, &c., bounded easterdly by a brook, called by name Pipin's brook, which runs into the salt water creek, and so running round along by the Sound, and so running up to a brook called by the name of Cedar or Pine tree brook, together with a parcel of land running up said brook by a range of marked trees until this meet with the marked trees of Colonel

" All that my parcel of land formerly called Mangopson neck, now called by the name of the great neck, &c., bounded easterdly by a brook, called by name Pipin's brook, which runs into the salt water creek, and so running round along by the Sound, and so running up to a brook called by the name of Cedar or Pine tree brook, together with a parcel of land running up said brook by a range of marked trees until this meet with the marked trees of Colonel

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 295

Caleb Heathcote, and from thence running by the aforesaid range of marked trees, down to the said Pipings brook, to the aforesaid salt water creek, with all and singular the members, rights, privileges and appurtenances thereunto belonging, &c.

The mark of Ann Hook, Signed, sealed and delivered in presence of us, Besly, Benj. Collier.

The heirs of Samuel Palmer, viz. Obadiah, Solomon, Nehcmiah, and Sylvanus subsequently sold the great neck, (containing three hundred and twenty acres,) to Josiah Quinby. It appears that Adolph Philipse and Jacobus van Cortlandt purchased (in the lifetime of John Richbell,) the fee simple of certain lands in Mamaroneck, embracing one full and equal half moiety of the west neck ; the whole of which afterwards became vested in the person of Frederick Philipse. This individual eventually claimed the whole territory north of Westchester path lying above the great neck, so that when the surveyor general, on the ISth of November, 1724, commenced the survey of the great neck, he was stopped by Philipse, when he came above Westchester path. The surveyor however continued the original line until he came to Bronx's river, here again he was opposed by Philipse who forbad and warned him at his peril to proceed any further, as he claimed all the land beyond Bronx's river by a different title.

This individual eventually claimed the whole territory north of Westchester path lying above the great neck, so that when the surveyor general, on the ISth of November, 1724, commenced the survey of the great neck, he was stopped by Philipse, when he came above Westchester path. The surveyor however continued the original line until he came to Bronx's river, here again he was opposed by Philipse who forbad and warned him at his peril to proceed any further, as he claimed all the land beyond Bronx's river by a different title. The twenty mile line north of the great neck would have carried the Richbell patent nearly to the Croton river. The whole matter ultimately came before the court of chancery, on the 2d of May, 1727.^

On the 8th of December, 1708, William and Thomas Pennoyer did grant unto Caleb Heathcote their home lot, laid out to them by the inhabitants of Mamaroneck ; also certain lands situated on the west neck.

In 1724, Henry Pennoyer sold certain lands in the village to Polycarpus Nelson.

In the field book belonging to the Secretary of States office, oc-

• Chancery Rec, Albany.

206 HISTORY OF THE

curs a map containing tlie survey and division of all the certain tracts and parcels of land lying on Mamaroneck, Scarsdale and Harrison purchase, in the county of Westchester, the property of Caleb Heathcote, Esq., in his lifetime, and which remain unsold by him or his descendants since his death whereof we the subscribers were appointed commissioners by virtue of an act of the Lieutenant Governor, the Council and the General Assembly of the colony of New York, entitled an act for the more effectual collecting of his majesty's quit rents in the colony of New York, and for partition of lands in order thereto, which said lands we have laid out into three divisions, viz.: Division No. 1 or north division; division No. 2 or middle division; division No. 3 or south division ; north division laid out into 21 lots, two small lots in the possession of William Barker ; lots No. 16 and 17 controverted lands in his division.

curs a map containing tlie survey and division of all the certain tracts and parcels of land lying on Mamaroneck, Scarsdale and Harrison purchase, in the county of Westchester, the property of Caleb Heathcote, Esq., in his lifetime, and which remain unsold by him or his descendants since his death whereof we the subscribers were appointed commissioners by virtue of an act of the Lieutenant Governor, the Council and the General Assembly of the colony of New York, entitled an act for the more effectual collecting of his majesty's quit rents in the colony of New York, and for partition of lands in order thereto, which said lands we have laid out into three divisions, viz.: Division No. 1 or north division; division No. 2 or middle division; division No. 3 or south division ; north division laid out into 21 lots, two small lots in the possession of William Barker ; lots No. 16 and 17 controverted lands in his division. Division No. 2 divided into 9 lots for the proprietors ; division No. 3 or south division laid out into 11 lots; immbers 4, 5, 6 and Tare controverted; the remaining lots uncontroverted. Lots No. 13 and 18, and 2 small lots in the possession of William Barker ; the first lot, north division, and lot No. 7 in the middle or second division, distinguished on the map by a certain red line, which together contains 320 acres, 2 roods, 10 rods, are set apart for sale in order to defray expenses of division, 6cc., &.c. In witness whereof, as well the said commissioners as the surveyor by us appointed, have hereunto set their hands at Mamaroneck, in the county of Westchester, the sixteenth day of August, in the year of our Lord, 1724.

Lots No. 13 and 18, and 2 small lots in the possession of William Barker ; the first lot, north division, and lot No. 7 in the middle or second division, distinguished on the map by a certain red line, which together contains 320 acres, 2 roods, 10 rods, are set apart for sale in order to defray expenses of division, 6cc., &.c. In witness whereof, as well the said commissioners as the surveyor by us appointed, have hereunto set their hands at Mamaroneck, in the county of Westchester, the sixteenth day of August, in the year of our Lord, 1724.

Philip Pell, ^

Jacobus Bleecker, > Co7nmissioners.

William Sutton, )

Charles Webb, -- ^^urveyor.

The following is a receipt for quit-rent due the crown on the Richbell Patent :

*' Received of Nehemiah Palmer and Co., 70 bushels and 3 pecks of uheat in full of the proprietors for quit-rent, (being 3 bushels and 30 quarts per annum,) due on the tract of land in Westchester County, granted to John Richbell, the 16th of Octo-

To ^e« pBg« 2^7, roL t.

PEDIGREE 01

Arms borue by the Huguenot, D'or a uii aigle de sable, ayant les A l£ince in pale with a flag its point in chief, debruised a

Etienne de Lancey,

Hon. James de l.ancey^Anneda. of

nat. 1693, ob. 30 July, 1760.

Col. Caleb Heathcole

Oliver Brig. G Briiisl] 1 1777.

1 Capt. JameSz=Margaret da. of Bath, So- of Ch. Jusiice

3 John Peter of=ElizabPth da.

mer?et, Eng. aidde-camp of Gen Abercrombie at Tlconderoga

To ^e« pBg« 2^7, roL t.

PEDIGREE 01

Arms borue by the Huguenot, D'or a uii aigle de sable, ayant les A l£ince in pale with a flag its point in chief, debruised a

Etienne de Lancey,

Hon. James de l.ancey^Anneda. of

nat. 1693, ob. 30 July, 1760.

Col. Caleb Heathcole

Oliver Brig. G Briiisl] 1 1777.

1 Capt. JameSz=Margaret da. of Bath, So- of Ch. Jusiice

3 John Peter of=ElizabPth da.

mer?et, Eng. aidde-camp of Gen Abercrombie at Tlconderoga

Allen of Allentown, Peiiu.

Charles

James

an officer

lieut. col.

in the

in the l8t

British

Dragoon

navy, ob.

guards,

6. p.

eldest heir

male of the

De Lancey

family.

llealhcote hill, nat. 15 July, 1753. ob 31 Jan. I82d.

r,H

of Col. Rich rd Floyd, twt. Aug 1758, ob. 7 May,

2 Stephen of North Salem,

Thomas James=Mary Jane

nat. 12 Aug 1789, ob 28 Dec. 1822.

da. of

Thomas

Ellison

Edwarc

nat. 18

ob. 29

Thomas James

proprietor of

De Lancey neck,

Mamaroneck

John de Lane

EIizabeth=Gov. falea

COUNTY OF WKSTCIIE.STER. 297

ber 166S, bcini,M>om tbe25ili of Marcb, 178-1 tollic 25ih of March last, as witnobs rny band ibis I2ib of jmie, 1752. Wheat reckoned at 4s. Od. a biisbcL

lliciTAiiD NicoLL, Deprdy General Receiver,

A subsequent parlUioii of Colonel lleafbcote's estates took place between bis two daughters and co-heiresses, Anne and Martha. Anne lieathcote married the Hon. James de Lancey, son of Etienne de Lancey.

The De Lanceys, of Mamaroneck, are a branch of tlic ancient and honorable house of De Lanci, in France,*'^ springing froni Jean de Lanci. Ecuyer, Vjcomte of Laval and Nouvian, who was born in the latter part of the fifteentli ceritury, and died ^lay, 1525. The De Lancies were decreed to belong to the ancient nobility of France in the fourteenth century.

Anne lieathcote married the Hon. James de Lancey, son of Etienne de Lancey.

The De Lanceys, of Mamaroneck, are a branch of tlic ancient and honorable house of De Lanci, in France,*'^ springing froni Jean de Lanci. Ecuyer, Vjcomte of Laval and Nouvian, who was born in the latter part of the fifteentli ceritury, and died ^lay, 1525. The De Lancies were decreed to belong to the ancient nobility of France in the fourteenth century. Under Louis do Bourbon, Bishop and Duke of Laon, they held the hereditary fief of the Four banier of Laval;'^ they were also the lords of other lands^ such as Rarai, Nouvian, DLIaramont, Ribecoupt, Pimpre, St. Germain et Ruy, and hereditary castellans of the castle and domains of Bdthizv and V^erberie.=

t The French members of this family spelt llie last syliable of the surname with an i, in place of the ey.

b This fief was probably holden by the feudal service of the banner or lance -- hence the surname De Lanci. The ancient coat armor (borne by the Huguenot in 1687) was a shield of gold, bearing thereon a black eagle with its wings expanded, charged upon the breast with a blue escutcheon, containing three lances in pale. This coat was subsequently changed by tlie second English branch.

= L'armorial general d'France ; 2d Register, 2 vol. : King's Library, Paris. In front of the altar at the Church of Verberie, (department of Oise, P>ance,) thera is a tombstone erected to a member of this family, inscribed

The ancient coat armor (borne by the Huguenot in 1687) was a shield of gold, bearing thereon a black eagle with its wings expanded, charged upon the breast with a blue escutcheon, containing three lances in pale. This coat was subsequently changed by tlie second English branch.

= L'armorial general d'France ; 2d Register, 2 vol. : King's Library, Paris. In front of the altar at the Church of Verberie, (department of Oise, P>ance,) thera is a tombstone erected to a member of this family, inscribed

D. O. M.

Ici repose

Haute et puissante Dame

Madame Frantoise de Lanci Rarai, uuine

des Terres et Seigueurits, d'Haramont, Ribecoupt,

Pimpre, St. (iermain ct Ruy, en partie Chatelaine

Hereditaire et engagisie des Domaines de Bothizy

ct Verberie, possidrs par ses pores depuis plus

decent aus veuve dc ]\Iessire Barihclemi de

Vol. 1. ">S

To tU90 pag<! itdT, vvt i.

PEDIGREE or DE LANCEY OF MAMARONECK AND WESTCHESTER.

Arms boriio by the Huguenot. D'or a un aigle de sable, ayant les ailes etendueset charge sur Testomac d'un eousson d*azure, a trois lances rangees eu pale ; les poiutes ea hant Present Arms, azure. A lance in pale with a flag its point iii chief, debruised nf a bar or. Crest, a sinister arm in armour embowed, holding a standard, with flag. Motto, certum voto pete fluem.

Etienne de Lancey, a native of Caen, Normandy=Anne, da. of Hon. Stephanas van Corllandt, nal. 13 Feb. 1676.

sde l.ancey=Anneda. of

Oliver deLnncey_.Phl(a Franks Brig. Geii.in Ihe I Briiisliaraiy,ob. 1777.

D'or a un aigle de sable, ayant les ailes etendueset charge sur Testomac d'un eousson d*azure, a trois lances rangees eu pale ; les poiutes ea hant Present Arms, azure. A lance in pale with a flag its point iii chief, debruised nf a bar or. Crest, a sinister arm in armour embowed, holding a standard, with flag. Motto, certum voto pete fluem.

Etienne de Lancey, a native of Caen, Normandy=Anne, da. of Hon. Stephanas van Corllandt, nal. 13 Feb. 1676.

sde l.ancey=Anneda. of

Oliver deLnncey_.Phl(a Franks Brig. Geii.in Ihe I Briiisliaraiy,ob. 1777.

Peler de Lancey^AUce da. of Cad- I wullader Ojiden, Gov. of N. Y.

Susan:=Adniital Sir Peter Warren

Anne=Jolm Walts

1 Capt. Janie8=Mnr(!or«!t da, nf Biith, So- nfCli. JuBilct

3 John Peler of^EllznbPth da.

inerfet, Eng. ntd-de-cninp o( Gen Ab ercronibie ut Ticondcroga

Alien of All. town, Peiiti.

Charles

Jilines

an officer

lieut. col.

In the

In llic Int

Billish

XJragnnn

navy.ob.

s. p.

elilesl hi'lr

nialcofihe

De Lancey

family .

Ilrnth( hill, nnt. IS July.nS'J.ob :U Jan. 182d.

of Col. Richrd Floyd, 1^at. Aug n5B, Ob. 7 May,

2 Stephen lUaria=William Walton

of North father of Rear

Salem, Admiral Jacob

Walton.

Lt Col. Stephen:;=Misa Barclay of the Rev of the British Henry, rector W. Indian Isl- of Trinity Ch. ands. N. Y.

Capt. Oliver of Che 17th Lt Dragoons, Major and Jjt. Col suci^eeded Maj. Andre as Adjutant Gen. Pitt made Iiiin Barrack- Mr. Gen of the British Empire.Col.of 17tii Lancers, M.P. ob. 1825.

Left one son, Capt. Oliver

Aug n5B, Ob. 7 May,

2 Stephen lUaria=William Walton

of North father of Rear

Salem, Admiral Jacob

Walton.

Lt Col. Stephen:;=Misa Barclay of the Rev of the British Henry, rector W. Indian Isl- of Trinity Ch. ands. N. Y.

Capt. Oliver of Che 17th Lt Dragoons, Major and Jjt. Col suci^eeded Maj. Andre as Adjutant Gen. Pitt made Iiiin Barrack- Mr. Gen of the British Empire.Col.of 17tii Lancers, M.P. ob. 1825.

Left one son, Capt. Oliver

;fi?

Thomas James^Mary Jane nat. 12 Aug I da. of

1789, ob 28 Thomas

Thomas Jamea

proprietor of

De Laiicey neck,

Mamaroneck

Edward Floyd

nat. 18 J line.

ob. 29 Oct.

leid

f William Heaihcote-- Frances Bishop of iheDio- da. of cese of Western peter Jay N. Y. proprietor Munro uf Heaihcote hill, Mamaroneck.

Sir William Heathcote=:Magdnlen Sarah=CoI. William Johtison

aiiarter Master General, da of Sir snn of Sir John John,

fell at WaierliKi, aid to Jai. Hull, son, ob. 1811. the Duke of Wellint; on.

Jobnde Lancey= Dorothy Ludlnm

I ob. 27 0ct 1773.

=2 Miss Morgan

Ollver=RacheI Hunt ob. Sep. I ob. Jan. 6, 4, 182tl, 1827, tEl. 60.

Warren coI.=l Mary Lawrence 17lhLt. Ura- | 2 Ann Taylor goons in I7e0 3 Rt^becca Law-

Elizabeth=Gov. Yaiei

John

Stephen

Peter

of N.

ofN.

OfN.

Scoila

Scotia

Scotia

S 2 S. 5 = i

3. E

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 297

ber 1668, being from the 25th of March, 1784 to the 25ih of March last, as witness my hand this 12th of June, 1752, Wheat reckoned at 4s. 6d. a bushel.

Jan. 6, 4, 182tl, 1827, tEl. 60.

Warren coI.=l Mary Lawrence 17lhLt. Ura- | 2 Ann Taylor goons in I7e0 3 Rt^becca Law-

Elizabeth=Gov. Yaiei

John

Stephen

Peter

of N.

ofN.

OfN.

Scoila

Scotia

Scotia

S 2 S. 5 = i

3. E

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 297

ber 1668, being from the 25th of March, 1784 to the 25ih of March last, as witness my hand this 12th of June, 1752, Wheat reckoned at 4s. 6d. a bushel.

Richard Nicoll, Deputy General Receiver,

A subsequent partition of Colonel Heathcote's estates took place between his two daughters and co-heiresses, Anne and Martha. Anne Heathcote married the Hon. James de Lancey, son of Etienne de Lancey.

The De Lanceys, of Mamaroneck, are a branch of the ancient and honorable house of De Lanci, in France, ^^ springing from Jean de Lanci, Ecuyer, Vicomte of Laval and Nouvian, who was born in the latter part of the fifteenth century, and died May, 1525. The De Lancies were decreed to belong to the ancient nobility of France in the fourteenth century. Under Louis do Bourbon, Bishop and Duke of Laon, they held the hereditary fief of the Four banier of Laval ;•* they were also the lords of other lands, such as Rarai, Nouvian, D'Haramont, Ribecoupt, Pimpre, St. Germain et Ruy, and hereditary castellans of the castle and domains of Bothizv and Verberie.^

* The French members of this family spelt the last syllable of the surname with an i, in place of the ey.

The De Lancies were decreed to belong to the ancient nobility of France in the fourteenth century. Under Louis do Bourbon, Bishop and Duke of Laon, they held the hereditary fief of the Four banier of Laval ;•* they were also the lords of other lands, such as Rarai, Nouvian, D'Haramont, Ribecoupt, Pimpre, St. Germain et Ruy, and hereditary castellans of the castle and domains of Bothizv and Verberie.^

* The French members of this family spelt the last syllable of the surname with an i, in place of the ey.

b This fief was probably holden by the feudal service of the banner or lance -- hence the surname De Lanci. The ancient coat armor (borne by the Huguenot in 1687) was a shield of gold, bearing thereon a black eagle with its wings expanded, charged upon the breast with a blue escutcheon, containing three lances in pale. This coat was subsequently changed by the second English branch.

« L'armorial general d'France ; 2d Register, 2 vol. : King's Library, Paris. In front of the altar at the Church of Verberie, (department of Oise, France,) ther^ is a tombstone erected to a member of this family, inscribed

D. O. M.

Ici repose

Haute et puissante Dame

Madame FRANqoisE de Lanci Rarai, dame

des Terres et Seigneuries, d'Haramont, Ribecoupt,

Pimpre, St. Germain et Ruy, en partie Chatelaine

Hereditaire et engagiste des Domaines de Bothizy

et Verberie, possides par ses peres depuis plus

decent aus veuve de Messire Barth61emi de

Vol. 1. 38

In front of the altar at the Church of Verberie, (department of Oise, France,) ther^ is a tombstone erected to a member of this family, inscribed

D. O. M.

Ici repose

Haute et puissante Dame

Madame FRANqoisE de Lanci Rarai, dame

des Terres et Seigneuries, d'Haramont, Ribecoupt,

Pimpre, St. Germain et Ruy, en partie Chatelaine

Hereditaire et engagiste des Domaines de Bothizy

et Verberie, possides par ses peres depuis plus

decent aus veuve de Messire Barth61emi de

Vol. 1. 38

29S HISTORY OF THE

The only son of Jean de Lanci, Vicomte of Laval and Nouvian, was Charles de Lanci, Ecuyer,^ also Yicomte of Laval, (fcc. This individual (who held the fief of the Fonr banier of Laval) married Marie Yilliers, by whom he left issue two sons, Charles de Lanci, Ecuyer, Yicomte of Laval, living in 1534, and Christopher de Lanci, ancestor of the Lords of Rarai.b From a branch of this family came Elienne or Stephen De Lancey, a native of Caen, in Normandy.

During the troublesome times which preceded the edict of NantZj the De Lancies of Caen appear to have suffered severely for their devotion to the Hugnenot cause. In 1681 Stephen de Lancey was one of those who fled from France, " to escape the tyranny and bigotry of Louis XIV. He appears to have been aided in his flight by a Protestant mother, who not only gave him the passports of education for his safety, but jewels, which enabled him in Holland to procure what was necessary to appear in New York as a wealthy merchant." *' In the year 1724 (says the historian Dunlap) Governor Burnet was involved in a dispute with Mr. Etienne de Lancey, who is represented as a rich man, and the principal benefactor of the French Church established in New York by the refugees who fled from the Revocation of the Edict of Nantz.

He appears to have been aided in his flight by a Protestant mother, who not only gave him the passports of education for his safety, but jewels, which enabled him in Holland to procure what was necessary to appear in New York as a wealthy merchant." *' In the year 1724 (says the historian Dunlap) Governor Burnet was involved in a dispute with Mr. Etienne de Lancey, who is represented as a rich man, and the principal benefactor of the French Church established in New York by the refugees who fled from the Revocation of the Edict of Nantz.

The governor took part with Monsieur Le Ronx, in opposition to the clergymen upheld by De Lancey and a majority of the congregation ; and M. de Lancey, being returned as a member of Assembly, Burnet refused to administer the oath to him, upon the ground that he was not a subject of the crown. De Lancey replied that he was made a denizen in England, " in a patent of denization granted in the reign of James II., and under

Flahant Chevalier seigneur de la Billarderie Maitre

de camp de Cavalerie, exempt des gardes du corps

du Roi iu6 a la bataille de Mai plaquet. La dite

Dame de la Bellarderie est decedee le 25 Juin, 1724,

agee de 61 ans

Priez pour sou ame.

» The French Ecuyer denotes a gentleman who possesses coat armor.

t L'armorial General du France, 2 Register, 2 vols. King's Lib. Paris.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 299

De Lancey replied that he was made a denizen in England, " in a patent of denization granted in the reign of James II., and under

Flahant Chevalier seigneur de la Billarderie Maitre

de camp de Cavalerie, exempt des gardes du corps

du Roi iu6 a la bataille de Mai plaquet. La dite

Dame de la Bellarderie est decedee le 25 Juin, 1724,

agee de 61 ans

Priez pour sou ame.

» The French Ecuyer denotes a gentleman who possesses coat armor.

t L'armorial General du France, 2 Register, 2 vols. King's Lib. Paris.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. 299

the seal of this province in 1686." The house decided in favor of De Lancey, but a feud existed between him and many of the Protestants against Burnet. The Assembly claimed the right of judging of their own members ; and although the governor still held a majority, his conduct in this case was considered unconstitutional ! and his opposition to De Lancey to have originated in the latter's espousing the French trade, in opposition to Burnet's plan of trade by Oswego."^. Soon after De Lancey's arrival in New York, he entered into partnership with his brother-inlaw, Monsieur Barbarie, and the latter's son-in-law, Mr. Moore. In 1691 we find him assistant alderman of the south ward ; in 1711 alderman, and in 1727 member of Assembly. He v/as also for many years a vestryman of Trinity Church. By his wife, Anne van Cortlandt, Stephen de Lancey left issue James, Oliver, Peter, Susan and Anne. The eldest son, James de Lancey, was a man of great talents. This individual received his education at the University of Cambridge, and was called, whilst at college,^ the handsome American. He afterwards returned to his native land, and held the first honors which the country could bestow -- first as a member of the governor's council, chief justice in 1744,c and lieutenant-governor of the State of New York in 1717.^ In 1754 Governor De Lancey gave his sanction to the act of incorporating King's, now Columbia College.

This individual received his education at the University of Cambridge, and was called, whilst at college,^ the handsome American. He afterwards returned to his native land, and held the first honors which the country could bestow -- first as a member of the governor's council, chief justice in 1744,c and lieutenant-governor of the State of New York in 1717.^ In 1754 Governor De Lancey gave his sanction to the act of incorporating King's, now Columbia College. He is praised for his political skill in successfully preserving to the Assembly the right of annual appropriation, and evading the prohibition of the crown to issuing bills of credit. The historian Smith, his political enemy, allows him genius, a retentive memory, and ready elocution.

The Hon. James de Lancey married Anne, daughter and coheiress of the Hon. Caleb Heathcote, lord of the manor of Scarsdale. "His death, which took place 30th of July, 1760, was an event which had a great influence on the affairs of this province. He was found expiring upon that morning, seated in his chair,

» Dunlap's Hist, of N. Y. vol. i. 288.

b Corpus Christi College.

« The date of his commission as chief justice occurs Sept. 14, 1744